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diff --git a/38604-h/38604-h.htm b/38604-h/38604-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..91537ca --- /dev/null +++ b/38604-h/38604-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,11353 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Sir Thomas Urquhart, by John Willcock. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + p.title { text-align:center; text-indent:0; + font-weight:bold; font-variant:small-caps; + line-height:1.4; margin-bottom:3em; } + small { font-size:60%; } + big { font-size:140%; } + hr.chap {width: 65%} + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps; + font-size: smaller;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figupperleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: + 0em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + .footnotes { } + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i10 {display: block; margin-left: 10em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i6 {display: block; margin-left: 6em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie, Knight, by +John Willcock + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie, Knight + +Author: John Willcock + +Release Date: January 18, 2012 [EBook #38604] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR THOMAS URQUHART OF CROMARTIE *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Hunter Monroe and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 320px;"> +<img src="images/frontcover.jpg" width="320" height="474" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<a name="Page_frontis" id="Page_frontis"></a> + <h1>SIR THOMAS URQUHART<br /> + +OF CROMARTIE<span class='pagenum'></span></h1> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 320px;"> +<img src="images/image001.jpg" width="320" height="501" alt="Sir Thomas Urquhart." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Sir Thomas Urquhart.</span> +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 320px;"> +<img src="images/image002.jpg" width="320" height="511" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p class="title"> +<big>SIR THOMAS<br /> + +URQUHART<br /> + +OF CROMARTIE +KNIGHT.</big><br /> + +BY<br /> + +JOHN WILLCOCK</p> + +<p class="center">M.A.B.D.</p> + +<p class="center">LERWICK.</p> + +<p class="center">1899</p> + +<p class="center">EDINBURGH & LONDON</p> + +<p class="center">OLIPHANT</p> + +<p class="center">ANDERSON & FERRIER</p> +<hr class="chap" /> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 320px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span> +<img src="images/image003c.jpg" width="320" height="167" alt="SIGNATURE OF SIR THOMAS URQUHART, + +SLIGHTLY ENLARGED." title="" /> +<span class="caption">SIGNATURE OF SIR THOMAS URQUHART, + +SLIGHTLY ENLARGED.</span> +</div> + +<p class="center">[<i>All Rights Reserved</i>]</p> + +<p class="center">PRINTED BY MORRISON AND GIBB LIMITED, EDINBURGH</p> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p class="center">TO</p> + +<p class="center">A. B. W.</p> + +<p class="center">WHOSE PRAISE, SO FREELY GIVEN,</p> + +<p class="center">IS THE AUTHOR'S MOST COVETED</p> + +<p class="center">REWARD.</p> + + + +<hr class="chap" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span></p> + +<h1>PREFACE</h1> + + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/f.jpg" width="90" height="91" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p style='text-indent:0px'>EW persons who take an interest in +general literature are wholly unacquainted +with the name of Sir +Thomas Urquhart, as that of the +translator of a great French classic. +Only the more erudite can tell +how the name of another literary man, Pierre +Antoine Motteux, comes to be associated with his +in connexion with the translation in question, and +are aware that the Scottish knight is the author of +original compositions in such diverse departments +as poetry, trigonometry, genealogy, and biography, +and that he played a prominent part in the public +life of his time.</p> + +<p>It has been my object to bring together in the +following volume all the materials which are +available for giving a vivid picture of the personality +of Sir Thomas Urquhart, and of the circumstances +in which his life was passed, as I think it would be +a pity if his romantic, fantastical figure were to +pass into oblivion. The materials for his life are +fairly abundant, though they have to be sought for +in many out-of-the-way corners. The slight but +fairly accurate sketch prefixed to his <i>Works</i> in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span> +Maitland Club edition, and the carefully written +articles in Dr Irving's <i>Scottish Writers</i>, and the +<i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>, contain the only +previous attempts which have been made to give +his history. The limits within which the authors +of these notices had to work, have, however, +prevented their giving more than a bare outline of +his career. I have attempted, with what success it +is for my readers to say, to clothe the skeleton with +sinews and flesh, and to impart to the figure some +measure of animation.</p> + +<p>As I have had to do my work at a great +distance from public libraries, I have been obliged +to enlist the services of friends, more fortunately +situated, in the task of looking up multitudinous +references and allusions, which bore upon the +history of the person in whom I was interested, or +of the time in which he lived. Miss Kemp, James +Walter, Esq., and Alexander Middlemass, Esq., +Edinburgh, have been extremely serviceable to +me in this way.</p> + +<p>A variety of details of historical and biographical +interest has been furnished me by Dr. Milne, King-Edward; +Garden A. Duff, Esq., Hatton Castle, +Turriff; Capt. Douglas Wimberley, Inverness; J. L. +Anderson, Esq., Edinburgh; and P. J. Anderson, +Esq., of Aberdeen University Library.</p> + +<p>Professors Crum Brown, Saintsbury, Butcher, +and Eggeling of my own <i>Alma Mater</i> have been +very willing to give the information I have sought +from them; and through Professor Grierson of +Aberdeen I have had the loan of many books +containing material of value for my purpose.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[Pg xiii]</a></span> +Sheriff Mackenzie, Wick, and Sheriff Shennan, +Lerwick, have aided me in questions of literary +taste and of legal information; and from W. F. +Smith, Esq., Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, +I have received valuable help in writing the +chapter on the translation of Rabelais. From the +latter's scholarly volumes upon the great Frenchman +I have borrowed some notes, which appear +with his initials attached to them. To Professor +Ferguson of Glasgow I am indebted for the photograph +of Urquhart's handwriting.</p> + +<p>In the work of correcting proofs—a somewhat +laborious task in the present case—I have had +kindly assistance from Dr Milne, above mentioned, +and also from A. J. Tedder, Esq., London, Rev. T. +Mathewson, Rev. D. Houston, M.A. and J. M. +Goudie, Esq., Lerwick.</p> + +<p>If I have omitted the name of any helper, or if +by frivolous comment I have done wrong to the +shade of Sir Thomas, I would adopt the language +of Mr Collins in <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>. "We are +all liable to err," he says. "I have certainly meant +well through the whole affair; ... and if my +manner has been at all reprehensible, I here beg +leave to apologize."</p> + +<pre> + JOHN WILLCOCK. +</pre> +<p><span class="smcap"> United Pres. Manse, Lerwick, + Shetland.</span></p> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<h1>CONTENTS</h1> + + +<table summary="TOC"> +<tr><td></td><td align="right">PAGE</td></tr> +<tr><td><span class="smcap">Preface</span></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td></tr> + + + + +<tr><td><h2>CHAPTER I</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>The Urquharts and their Predecessors in Cromartie—Sir +Thomas Urquhart, senior—Birth of our Author—School +and University Days—Pecuniary and other +Troubles at Home—The Castle of Cromartie—Our +Author's Studious Bent—Foreign Travel—The Englishman +Abroad—The Scot Abroad</td><td align="right"> <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td><h2><br />CHAPTER II</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>Recalled Home—The Covenanting Movement—The Trot of +Turriff—Our Author escapes to England—Is Knighted—Publishes +his <i>Epigrams</i>—His Father's Embarrassments +increase—Lesley of Findrassie—Death of Sir Thomas +Urquhart, senior—Our Author struggles in vain to +keep his Creditors at bay—Other Wrongs and Losses—On +bad Terms with the Church </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td><h2><br />CHAPTER III</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>Unsuccessful Rising in the North—Sir Thomas makes his +Peace with the Church—Return of Charles II. to Scotland—Invasion +of England—Battle of Worcester—Sir +Thomas a Prisoner in the Tower—Makes Friends—Is +liberated on Parole—Great Literary Activity—Revisits +Scotland—Dies—Later History of the Urquharts of +Cromartie—Characteristics of our Author—Glover's +Portraits of him </td><td align="right"> <a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td><h2><br />CHAPTER IV</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>EPIGRAMS: DIVINE AND MORAL—THE TRISSOTETRAS </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_111">111</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td><h2><br />CHAPTER V</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ, <span class="smcap">or The Pedigree</span> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_128">128</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td><h2><br />CHAPTER VI</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>ΕΚΣΚΥΒΑΛΑΥΡΟΝ, <span class="smcap">or the Jewel</span>,—LOGOPANDECTEISION +<span class="smcap">or The Universal Language</span> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_148">148</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td><h2><br />CHAPTER VII</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>TRANSLATION OF RABELAIS </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_184">184</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td><br/><span class="smcap">Appendices</span> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_209">209</a></td></tr> + + +<tr><td colspan="2"><hr class="chap" /></td></tr> + +<tr><td><h2><br />ILLUSTRATIONS</h2></td></tr> + +<tr><td>1. <span class="smcap">Portrait of Sir Thomas Urquhart</span> </td><td align="right"><i><a href="#Page_frontis">Frontispiece</a></i></td></tr> + +<tr><td>2. <span class="smcap">Signature of Sir Thomas Urquhart</span> </td><td align="right"><i><a href="#Page_vii">Page vii</a></i></td></tr> + +<tr><td>3. <span class="smcap">The Poet surrounded by the Muses</span> </td><td align="right"><i>Facing page</i> <a href="#Page_109">109</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td>4. <span class="smcap">Fac-simile of his Handwriting</span> </td><td align="right">" <a href="#Page_116">116</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td>5. <span class="smcap">Sculptured Stone at Kinbeakie House</span> </td><td align="right">" <a href="#Page_137">137</a></td></tr> +</table> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> +<h1>SIR THOMAS URQUHART</h1> + + +<p class="center">CHAPTER I</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Urquharts and their Predecessors in Cromartie—Sir +Thomas Urquhart, senior—Birth of our Author—School +and University Days—Pecuniary and other Troubles at +Home—The Castle of Cromartie—Our Author's Studious +Bent—Foreign Travel—The Englishman Abroad—The +Scot Abroad.</p></div> + + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/t.jpg" width="90" height="78" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p>HE right of Sir Thomas Urquhart of +Cromartie to be included in the +list of famous Scots will scarcely +be granted by many of his fellow-countrymen +without some inquiry +into the grounds upon which it +is based. He himself, undoubtedly, would not +have been backward in asserting his claim to such +honourable distinction, though he would have +entered a protest against the presence of some of +those in whose company he would find himself. +In the ecclesiastical and political controversies of +the first half of the seventeenth century, he was, +as an Episcopalian and a Cavalier, connected with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> +the losing side, and, consequently, it is not to be +expected that posterity should be so impartial as +to cherish his name along with those of the victors +in the conflict. It is to his literary, and not to +his martial achievements, that he owes his fame. +His translation of Rabelais is probably the most +brilliant feat of the kind ever accomplished, and +casts all his own original writings into the shade. +The fantastical character of his own compositions, +indeed, both in regard to their subject-matter and +the diction in which they are clothed, forbids their +ever having a large circle of readers. An author +whose phraseology is like a combination of that +used by Ancient Pistol with that of Sir Thomas +Browne may have enthusiastic admirers, but they +are almost certain to be few in number. Yet his +works contain much interesting matter, and to +them we are indebted for many details of the life +of their author.</p> + +<p>Though it is hard to believe Sir Thomas +Urquhart's assertion that the connexion of the +Urquharts with the north-west of Scotland dates as +far back as the year <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> 554, when an ancestor of his +named Beltistos crossed over from Ireland, and built +a castle near Inverness, the family was of considerable +antiquity, and for many generations was one of +the most distinguished in that part of the country. +Nisbet, the great authority on heraldry, says that +"they enjoyed not only the honourable office of +hereditary Sheriff-Principal of the Shire of Cromartie, +but the far greater part, if not the whole of +the said shire did belong to them, either in property<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> +or superiority, and they possessed a considerable +estate besides in the Shire of Aberdeen."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> The +admiralty of the seas from Caithness to Inverness +also belonged to them.</p> + +<p>The Urquharts were not, however, the earliest +to bear rule in the part of Scotland with which +their name is connected. Cromartie was originally +the Crwmbawchty (or Crumbathy) of which +Macbeth was reputed thane, before he became +king. Wyntown in his <i>Cronykil</i> relates Macbeth's +dream that he was first Thane of Cromartie, then +Thane of Moray, and then King of Scotland.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> +After the first and second titles had been conferred +upon him, he took steps to secure the third. +Probably the mote-hill of Cromartie was the site<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +of his official residence as thane of the district when +he was at the beginning of his ambitious career.</p> + +<p>In the thirteenth century the family of Mouat +(then <i>de Monte Alto</i>) were in possession,<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> but early +in the following century the estate had accrued +to King Robert the Bruce, probably because the +Mounts had submitted to the English king, +Edward I. King Robert granted Cromartie to +Sir Hugh Ross, eldest son of William, Earl of +Ross, in 1315, and by him it was afterwards, +in the reign of King David Bruce (1329-70), +given to an Adam of Urquhart ("de Vrquhartt"),<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> +with whose descendants it remained for many +generations. In 1357 he got from the Crown +the hereditary sheriffdom of Cromartie, and eight +years later the same Hugh Ross gave him the +estate of Fisherie, in King-Edward, Aberdeenshire. +This Adam is the first of the family to +emerge from the darkness of antiquity into the +light of history, and probably his name, as the +founder of the Urquhart fortunes, suggested the +still more famous progenitor to whom our Sir +Thomas traced back his pedigree link by link, as +our readers will afterwards hear.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p><p>Our author's father, also a Thomas, and the +first of his line who was a Protestant in religion, +was born in 1585. He succeeded to the property +in 1603, and in 1617 was knighted by James VI. +in Edinburgh. As he was left an orphan at an +early age, he was brought up under the care of +his grand-uncle, John Urquhart of Craigfintray, +who has been commonly called from this circumstance +"the Tutor of Cromartie."<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> His great-grandnephew, +our Sir Thomas, has celebrated his praise in +very high terms. "He was," he says, "over all +Britain renowned for his deep reach of natural wit, +and great dexterity in acquiring of many lands and +great possessions, with all men's applause."<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p><p>From all accounts, it seems that the "Tutor" was +faithful in the discharge of all the duties belonging +to his office,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> though he did not succeed in imparting +to his pupil the secret of acquiring landed property, +either with or without applause.</p> + +<p>Sir Thomas Urquhart, senior, received his estates, +we are informed, "without any burthen of debt, +how little soever, or provision of brother, sister, or +any other of his kindred or allyance wherewith +to affect it."<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> He married Christian, the fourth +daughter of Alexander, fourth Lord Elphinstone +(1552-1638), and received with her a dowry of +nine thousand merks Scots (<i>i.e.</i> £500 Sterling). +The date of our author's birth is given by Maitland +as 1605, but it is now certain that this is an error, +and that the true date is 1611.<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> Sir Thomas was +the eldest of the family, and he tells us that he +was born five years after the marriage of his +parents. He also informs us that his mother's +father, Lord Elphinstone, held the office of High +Treasurer in Scotland at the time of the marriage. +As that nobleman was High Treasurer only from +just before 19th April, 1599, till 22nd September, +1601, it would not have been unreasonable to fix +the date of the marriage as probably some time in +1600, if we had no other information on the +subject. But it so happens that the marriage-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>contract +is in existence,<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> and is dated the 9th of +July, 1606, and consequently Sir Thomas's birth +would fall in the year 1611. Our author must +therefore have been in error in describing his grandfather +as being High Treasurer at the time of his +daughter's marriage. He had, indeed, occupied this +office some years before. Sir Thomas should have +said "had been," instead of "was," but his lordly +disposition of mind would probably make him contemptuous +of such trifles.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p><p>In 1611, James <span class="smcap">VI.</span> was drawing near to the end +of the first period of his reign, during which he had +been under the influence of the traditions of the +days of Elizabeth and Burghley, and had not yet +passed into his own keeping, and the hands of profligate +favourites. Bacon was still in the shade of +distrust, from which, however, he was soon to +emerge: he was now, indeed, Solicitor-General, but +his ambition was not satisfied by this post. The +heir-apparent to the throne was Prince Henry, who +died in the following year. Charles, his brother, +was now eleven years of age. Shakespeare brought +out this year his play of <i>The Winter's Tale</i>, and +Ben Jonson his <i>Catiline</i>. Sir Walter Raleigh was +a prisoner in the Tower, and was busily engaged in +writing his <i>History of the World</i>, which he completed +in the following year, though it was not +published until 1614. The Authorised Version of +the English Bible appeared this year. Milton was +now a child of scarcely three years old, and Cromwell +a boy of twelve.</p> + +<p>The birthplace of our author is unknown; for +though the castle of Cromartie was the official +residence of the sheriffs, Sir Thomas Urquhart, +senior, is known to have had several other manor-houses, +one of which was Fisherie,<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> in the parish of +King-Edward, Aberdeenshire, in which he resided +from time to time. It is probable that the future +translator of Rabelais laid the foundation of the +erudition by which in after years he was distinguished, +in Banff,<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> which then possessed a grammar-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>school, +rather than in the more northern town +which is associated with his name.</p> + + +<p>Sir Thomas was only eleven years old when, in +1622, he entered the University of Aberdeen,<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> but +there is no reason to believe that the average age +of the "men" of his year would be in excess of his +own. Donne was the same age as Urquhart when +he entered Oxford. The famous Crichton went up +to St Andrews at the age of ten, though up to that +time he had not given evidence of any extraordinary +precocity. A generation before, Montaigne had +already completed his collegiate course when he +attained his thirteenth year. It seems strange to +us that boys of such tender age should have been +found able to pass through a university curriculum; +and we are forced to conclude either that the boys +of those days were intellectually superior to those +with whom we are familiar, or that the studies +which occupied them were less deep and severe +than those which are now pursued in seats of +learning. The latter is probably the true explanation +of the matter. University education in Scot<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>land +had been remodelled, and adapted to the +requirements of the time and of a Protestant society +in the previous generation, and in this work Andrew +Melville had a very notable part. In 1583 a new +constitution had been drawn up for the University +of Aberdeen, and the arrangements prescribed by it +may have existed there when our author was a +student. The Principal, according to this constitution, +was Professor of Theology, as well as incumbent +of the parish of Old Machar, and was responsible +for the government and discipline of the college.<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> +Under him were four Regents, one of whom was +Sub-Principal, and to them was assigned the duty of +training students in various departments of learning. +Thus physiology, geography, astrology, history, and +Hebrew were assigned to the Sub-Principal. Another +Regent explained "the principles of reasoning +from the best Greek and Latin authors, with practice +in writing and speaking"; while a third +lectured upon Greek, and read the more elementary +Latin and Greek authors. The fourth Regent +taught arithmetic and geometry, and, along with +them, a portion of Aristotle's <i>Organon, Ethics, and +Politics</i>, and Cicero's <i>De Officiis</i>. This attempt to +assign special departments to the various regents +respectively, was a marked improvement upon the +older system, under which they were each responsible +for teaching all the subjects included in the +curriculum.</p> + +<p>The students paid fees, which varied in amount<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> +according to their social standing. On entering the +university they were required to take an oath of +loyalty to the Reformed religion. None were +allowed to carry arms, or to converse in any other +tongue than Greek or Latin. Perhaps, however, +this latter rule was merely an attempt to restrain +the measureless tide of human speech. And in +order that nothing might interfere with the progress +of the students, the <i>Nova Fundatio</i>, or new constitution +of Aberdeen University, abolished all holidays +("omnes consuetas olim a studiis vacationes aboleri +penitus").<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p> +<p>Sir Thomas Urquhart's name does not appear in +the list of graduates in 1626, so that there are no +means of determining from the records of King's +College how many years he spent there. For the +city in which he had received his education he ever +afterwards had a high regard. Thus he says of it: +"For honesty, good fashions, and learning, Aberdeen +surpasseth as far all other cities and towns in Scotland, +as London doth for greatness, wealth, and magnificence, +the smallest hamlet or village in England."<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p> + +<p>He gives unmeasured praise to some of those +eminent men who were associated with the fame +of Aberdeen University in what has been called its +"Augustan age"—the first four or five decades of +the seventeenth century. Thus, according to him, +William Lesley, D.D.,<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> was "one of the most profound +and universal scholars then living"—like +Socrates in having published no works, but, unfortunately, +unlike that philosopher in not having +among his disciples a Plato and an Aristotle to +receive their master's knowledge and transmit it to +future generations.<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> Of his successor in the principalship, +Dr William Guild, he says: "He deserveth +by himself to be remembered, both for that +he hath committed to the press many good books, +tending to the edification of the soul, and bettering +of the minde; and that of all the divines that have +lived in Scotland these hundred yeers, he hath been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> +the most charitable, and who bestowed most of his +own to publike uses."<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> At the time when he +wrote these estimates of the sages at whose feet he +had sat as a student, some of his old friends were +under a cloud, and he had to be careful not to +compromise them by his praise. And so he says +of "Master William [?] Seaton," who had been his +tutor, "[he was] a very able preacher truly, and +good scholar, and [one] whom I would extoll yet +higher, but that being under the consistorian lash, +some critick Presbyters may do him injury, by pretending +his dislike of them, for being praised by +him who idolizeth not their authority."<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a></p> + +<p>At the time of the marriage of Sir Thomas +Urquhart, senior, Lord Elphinstone, who was fully +acquainted with the prosperous condition of his +son-in-law's affairs, made him pledge himself to +manage his property so that it might descend to +his heir as he had himself received it. Unfortunately +this pledge was not fulfilled. Through mismanagement +and neglect his affairs got into disorder, +and the later years of his life were troubled +by pecuniary difficulties.<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> His son says of him:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> +"Of all men living [he was] the justest, equallest, +and most honest in his dealings, [and] his humour +was, rather than to break his word, to lose all he had, +and stand to his most undeliberate promises, what +ever they might cost; which too strict adherence +to the austerest principles of veracity, proved +oftentimes dammageable to him in his negotiations +with many cunning sharks, who knew with what +profitable odds they could scrue themselves in upon +the windings of so good a nature.... By the +unfaithfulnes, on the one side, of some of his +menial servants, in filching from him much of his +personal estate, and falsehood of several chamberlains +and bayliffs to whom he had intrusted the +managing of his rents, in the unconscionable discharge +of their receits, by giving up one account +thrice, and of such accounts many; and, on the +other part, by the frequency of disadvantagious +bargains, which the slieness of the subtil merchant +did involve him in, his loss came unawares upon +him, and irresistibly, like an armed man; too great +trust to the one, and facility in behalf of the other, +occasioning so grievous a misfortune, which nevertheless +did not proceed from want of knowledge or +abilitie in natural parts, for in the business of other +men he would have given a very sound advice, and +was surpassing dextrous in arbitrements, upon any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> +reference submitted to him, but that hee thought it +did derogate from the nobility of his house and +reputation of his person, to look to petty things in +matter of his own affairs."<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></p> + +<p>One of the ways in which the elder Sir Thomas +succeeded in impoverishing himself and his family +was in becoming bail for people who absconded; so, +at least, we would infer from an entry in the +Court-book of the Burgh of Banff under date of +21st April, 1629, in which we find that "Sir +Thomas Urquhurt of Cromarty, having become +caution for the appearance of Alexander Forbes, +merchant in Balvenye, alleged forestaller, and the +said Alexander not having appeared, Sir Thomas is +decerned to pay £40 Scots (£3, 6s. 8d. Sterling)."<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></p> + +<p>In 1637 we find that he was obliged to appeal +to his sovereign against the urgency of his creditors, +and a Letter of Protection was issued in his favour. +It ran as follows: "Letter of Protection granted by +King Charles the First, under his great seal, to Sir +Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty, from all dilligence +at the instance of his creditors, for the space of one +year, thereby giving him a <i>persona standi in judicio</i>, +notwithstanding he may be at the horn, and taking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> +him under his royal protection during the time. +Dated at St James's, 20th March, 1637."<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> A +somewhat humorous situation is suggested by this +document. The creditors might "put him to the +horn," <i>i.e.</i>, according to the usual legal form, order +him in the king's name to pay his debts on penalty +of being outlawed as a traitor, while the king himself +authorised him to take no notice of the proceedings.</p> + +<p>In the same year we have intimation of the +elder Sir Thomas's pecuniary misfortunes being +aggravated by domestic strife, for we find him +instructing a high legal functionary to raise an +action against his sons, Thomas and Alexander, for +their unfilial conduct. The charge was that of +"putting violent hands on the persone of the said +Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie, Knycht, their +father, taking him captive and prissoner, and +detening him in sure firmance within ane upper +chalmer, callit the Inner Dortour, within his place +of Cromertie, <i>tanquam in privato carcere</i>, fra the +Mononday to the Fryday in the efter none therefter, +committit in the moneth of December last, 1636." +The case came up for trial before the Court of +Justiciary on the 19th of July, and was postponed +for a week, when it was abandoned. The Lords of +Council had appointed a commission to settle all +differences between the father and sons and on +receiving their report the Court dismissed the +case.<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> We have no particulars as to the causes of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> +disagreement which led to such all unhappy state +of affairs, but we are not likely to be far wrong in +assuming that the sons wished to prevent their +father's taking some legal step which they considered +would be detrimental to his and their +interests. The affectionate terms in which our +author describes his father's character ten years +after his death, in the words above quoted, make +us sure that he sincerely regretted any wrong +towards him of which he may have been guilty at +this time.</p> + +<p>The old castle of Cromartie has now long disappeared, +the stones of which it was built having +been used for the erection of a modern house in +1772, after the estate had passed, by purchase, +from the family of Urquhart to Mr George Ross. +It was a building of considerable antiquity. In +1470 a royal grant was made by James III. to +William Urquhart of the Motehill, or Mount of +Cromartie, with permission to erect on this a tower +or fortalice. Advantage was taken of this permission +to fortify the family mansion, and it was +converted into a castle of considerable strength.<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> +Sir Thomas says of it: "The stance thereof is +stately, and the house it selfe of a notable good +fabrick and contrivance."<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> An interesting description<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +of the building as it was just before its demolition +is given by Hugh Miller. "Directly behind the +site of the old town," he says, "the ground rises +abruptly from the level to the height of nearly a +hundred feet, after which it forms a kind of table-land +of considerable extent, and then sweeps gently +to the top of the hill. A deep ravine, with a little +stream running through it, intersects the rising +ground at nearly right angles with the front which +it presents to the houses; and on the eastern +angle, towering over the ravine on the one side, and +the edge of the bank on the other, stood the old +castle of Cromarty. It was a massy, time-worn +building, rising in some places to the height of six +storeys, battlemented at the top, and roofed with +grey stone. One immense turret jutted out from +the corner, which occupied the extreme point of the +angle, and looking down from an altitude of at least +one hundred and sixty feet on the little stream, +and the struggling row of trees which sprung up at +its edge, commanded both sides of the declivity and +the town below." Of the interior we are told by +the same writer, on the authority of an old woman +who, as a child, had lived in the castle, that "two +threshers could have plied their flails within the +huge chimney of the kitchen; and that, in the great +hall, an immense, dark chamber, lined with oak, a +party of a hundred men had exercised at the pike."<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></p> + +<p>The elder Sir Thomas had also a winter residence +in Banff.<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> In the Court-book of the Burgh of Banff<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +we have the following entry: "1630, July 21st, Sir +Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie gave in ane Act of +the Session of Banff, geiveing licence to him to erect +ane desk and loft in the kirk of Banff (seeing he is +both a parochiner and resident within the said toun) +for his accomodatione. The brethren gave their +approbatione with express provision that neither +the edifice nor lichtes of the said kirk suld be +deteriorat."<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a></p> + +<p>Beyond the bare fact of his having been a +student in the University of Aberdeen, we have no +information concerning the manner in which the +earlier years of our author's life were passed, or the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +circumstances in which he acquired the miscellaneous +erudition which his writings display. The +only remark he makes about the education he +received is to the effect that his father laid out but +a very insignificant portion of his income upon this +item of family expenses. Yet, however little the +expenditure may have been, Urquhart evidently +profited fully by the education which he had +received, and attained to something more than a +gentlemanly acquaintance with some of the abstruser +departments of learning.</p> + +<p>The special bent of his mind in early years, and +his love for study rather than sport, are shown in +the following reminiscence of his youth, which he +narrates with his characteristic diffuseness. "There +happening," he says, "a gentleman of very good +worth to stay awhile at my house, who, one day +amongst many other, was pleased, in the deadst +time of all the winter, with a gun upon his shoulder, +to search for a shot of some wild-fowl; and after +he had waded through many waters, taken excessive +pains in quest of his game, and by means thereof +had killed some five or six moor fowls and partridges, +which he brought along with him to my house, he +was by some other gentlemen, who chanced to alight +at my gate, as he entered in, very much commended +for his love to sport; and, as the fashion of most +of our countrymen is, not to praise one without +dispraising another, I was highly blamed for not +giving my self in that kind to the same exercise, +having before my eys so commendable a pattern to +imitate; I answered, though the gentleman deserved<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> +praise for the evident proof he had given that day +of his inclination to thrift and laboriousness, that +nevertheless I was not to blame, seeing whilst he +was busied about that sport, I was imployed in a +diversion of another nature, such as optical secrets, +mysteries of natural philosophie, reasons for the +variety of colours, the finding out of the longitude, +the squaring of a circle, and wayes to accomplish +all trigonometrical calculations by sines, without +tangents, with the same compendiousness of computation,—which, +in the estimation of learned men, +would be accounted worth six hundred thousand +partridges, and as many moor-fowles."</p> + +<p>There can be little doubt that Sir Thomas had +the best of the argument. But he was not satisfied +with this: for nothing less would content him than +vanquishing his opponent on his own ground, as +well as with the weapons of logic. With the same +lordliness of temper which had led him to re-capitulate +the dignified subjects which had occupied +his studious mind—the squaring of the circle being +but one of them—he chose the breaking-in of a +horse as a set-off against his friend's achievements +of the day before. The success of the scientific +student and the discomfiture of the mere sportsman +are told in the conclusion of the story. "In the +mean while," he says, "that worthy gentleman, being +wet and weary after travel, was not able to eat of +what he had so much toyled for, whilst my braine +recreations so sharpened my appetite, that I supped +to very good purpose. That night past, the next +morning I gave six pence to a footman of mine, to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> +try his fortune with the gun, during the time I +should disport my self in the breaking of a young +horse; and it so fell out, that by [the time] I had +given my selfe a good heat by riding, the boy returned +with a dozen of wild fouls, half moor foule, +half partridge, whereat being exceeding well pleased, +I alighted, gave him my horse to care for, and forthwith +entred in to see my gentlemen, the most +especiall whereof was unable to rise out of his bed, +by reason of the Gout and Sciatick, wherewith he +was seized for his former daye's toyle."<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a></p> + +<p>In the early years of his manhood, before our +author felt himself qualified to take part in public +life, he spent some time in foreign travel. The +kind of figure cut by a young <i>English</i> gentleman of +that period upon the Continent we know from the +testimony of Portia, for it can scarcely be that +much change had taken place in the interval of a +generation, between her time and the end of the +first quarter of the seventeenth century. He was +generally unversed in the languages of the countries +he visited, and, from his lack of Latin, French, or +Italian, was apt to fail in understanding the natives, +or in making himself understood by them. He might +be handsome in figure, but conversation with him +was reduced to the level of a dumb-show. His +dress was often very odd, and his manners eccentric, +as though he had bought his doublet in Italy, his +round hose in France, his bonnet in Germany, and +his behaviour—everywhere. A strong contrast to +him in the matter of language was the young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> +Scotchman of the period, if Sir Thomas Urquhart +is to be taken as at all an average specimen of his +nation, and if his account of himself can be relied +upon. He says of himself that when he travelled +through France, Spain, and Italy, he spoke the +languages to such perfection that he might easily +have passed himself off as a native of any one of +these countries. Some advised him to do so, but +his patriotic feelings were too strong to allow him +to follow such a course: "he plainly told them +(without making bones thereof), that truly he thought +he had as much honour by his own country, which +did contrevalue the riches and fertility of those +nations, by the valour, learning, and honesty, +wherein it did parallel, if not surpass them."<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a></p> + +<p>It is somewhat difficult for the mind to grasp +the idea of a Scotchman in those days, when so +many of the things which we now associate with +the nationality were not in existence—when his +Church was Episcopalian in constitution, the Shorter +Catechism not yet written by Englishmen for his +use, Burns unborn, and distilled spirits not extensively +used as a beverage. We could scarcely even +know him by his costume. For no self-respecting +representative of that country would assume the +Highland garb which so many Englishmen believe to +be generally worn north of the Tweed, if we are to +credit the authoritative statement of Macaulay to +the effect that "before the Union it was considered +by nine Scotchmen out of ten as the dress of a +thief."<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> The characteristics by which "a Scot<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +abroad" in those days was recognised, were, from +some accounts, not shrewdness in making bargains, +economical habits, indomitable perseverance, and +unsleeping caution, but the pride and high-spiritedness +which made him keen in detecting and swift +in avenging slights that might be cast upon the +country from which he came. So deep was the +impression made by these peculiarities upon foreign +nations, that they became proverbial. "He is a +Scot, he has pepper in his nose!"<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> said they, somewhat +familiarly, yet with a touch of fear, when they +noticed the flashing eye, and the hand instinctively +seeking the sword-hilt. "High-spirited as a Scot!"<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> +they exclaimed with admiration, when among themselves +some soul was moved to unwonted courage. +Such, at least, is the impression produced upon the +mind by some of those novels in which Scott and +his imitators trace the wanderings of their fellow-countrymen +through European lands in those +earlier times. That there is some foundation of +truth for the lofty superstructure is rendered +credible by the case of Sir Thomas Urquhart. +"My heart,"<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> he says, "gave me the courage for +adventuring in a forrain climat, thrice to enter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> +the lists against men of three severall nations, to +vindicate my native country<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> from the calumnies +wherewith they had aspersed it; wherein it pleased +God so to conduct my fortune, that, after I had +disarmed them, they in such sort acknowledged +their error, and the obligation they did owe me for +sparing their lives, which justly by the law of arms +I might have taken, that, in lieu of three enemies +that formerly they were, I acquired three constant +friends, both to my selfe and my compatriots, +whereof by severall gallant testimonies they gave +evident proofe, to the improvement of my country's +credit in many occasions."<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a></p> + + +<p>The fair critic, whose estimate of the young +Englishman has been referred to, gives her opinion +also of his Scottish rival; but, strangely enough, +she observes in him qualities of a kind opposite +to those displayed by Sir Thomas Urquhart. She +was struck by his neighbourly charity, "for he +borrowed a box of the ear of the Englishman, and +swore he would pay him back again when he was +able."<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a> Can it be that the words put into her +mouth are merely the ribald wit of an envious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> +Southron, or are we to understand that the spirit +which triumphed over so many inferiors was yet +wise enough to discern when it stood in the presence +of a mightier than itself?</p> + +<p>How a young man on his travels should occupy +his time, had been laid down in a little volume +which had been published just before Urquhart +set out to see the world abroad. In this he might +read a list of the things which should engage his +attention, drawn up in sonorous language by no +less a personage than a late Lord Chancellor of +England—a man who was ready to give advice to +all his fellow-creatures in all conceivable circumstances. +"The things," says Lord Bacon, "to be +seen and observed are: the courts of princes, especially +when they give audience to ambassadors; the +courts of justice, while they sit and hear causes; +and so of consistories ecclesiastic; the churches +and monasteries, with the monuments which are +therein extant; the walls and fortifications of cities +and towns, and so the havens and harbours; antiquities +and ruins; libraries, colleges, disputations +and lectures, where any are; shipping and navies; +house and gardens of state and pleasure near great +cities; armories, arsenals, magazines, exchanges, +burses, warehouses; exercises of horsemanship, +fencing, training of soldiers, and the like; comedies, +such whereunto the better sort of persons do resort; +treasuries of jewels and robes, cabinets and rarities; +and, to conclude, whatsoever is memorable in the +places where they go.... As for triumphs, masks, +feasts, weddings, funerals, capital executions, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> +such shows, men need not be put in mind of them; +yet they are not to be neglected."<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a></p> + +<p>To what extent Urquhart followed a plan of this +kind it is impossible to say; for, though his +writings are so discursive that we might expect +to find in them allusions to anything remarkable +he had seen or heard, he has very little to say +about his foreign experiences. Dr Johnson spoke +with contempt of an English peer, who had extended +his travels as far as Egypt, but who had brought +back only one small contribution to the general +stock of human information—the fact that he had +seen "a large serpent in one of the pyramids of +Egypt." Urquhart was not quite so poverty-stricken +as this; for he seems to have observed +examples of mental infirmity, illustrations of which +he might doubtless have found nearer home.</p> + +<p>"I saw at Madrid," he says, "a bald-pated fellow +who beleeved he was Julius Cæsar, and therefore +went constantly on the streets with a laurel crown +on his head; and another at Toledo, who would +not adventure to goe abroad unlesse it were in a +coach, chariot, or sedane, for fear the heavens should +fall down upon him. I likewise saw one in Saragosa, +who, imagining himself to be the lawfull King +of Aragon, went no where without a scepter in his +hand; and another in the kingdome of Granada, +who beleeved he was the valiant Cid that conquered +the Mores. At Messina, in Sicilie, I also saw a +man that conceived himself to be the great Alexander +of Macedone, and that in a ten years space he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> +should be master of all the territories which he +subdued; but the best is, that the better to +resemble him he always held his neck awry, +which naturally was streight and upright enough; +and another at Venice, who imagined he was +Soveraign of the whole Adriatick Sea, and sole +owner of all the ships that came from the Levante. +Of men that fancied themselves to be women, beasts, +trees, stones, pitchers, glasse, angels, and of women +whose strained imaginations have falne upon the +like extravagancies, even in the midst of fire and +the extremest pains fortune could inflict upon them, +there is such variety of examples, amongst which +I have seen some at Rome, Naples, Florence, Genua, +Paris, and other eminent cities, that to multiply +any moe [more] words therein, were to load your +ears with old wives' tales, and the trivial tattle of +idly imployed and shallow braind humorists."<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a></p> + +<p>He also tells, though not in the same connexion, +of his having been witness of the honour and +admiration lavished upon one of his fellow-countrymen, +Dr Seaton, by the <i>élite</i> of Parisian society. +"I have seen him," he says, "circled about at +the Louvre with a ring of French lords and +gentlemen, who hearkned to his discourse with +so great attention, that none of them, so long as +he was pleased to speak, would offer to interrupt +him, to the end that the pearles falling from his +mouth might be the more orderly congested in the +several treasures of their judgements."<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a></p> + +<p>Part of his time abroad was devoted to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> +fascinating occupation of book-hunting, and he had +great pleasure in the spoils he had won. When +they were set in order on shelves in the library of +the castle of Cromartie, he looked on them with the +joy which only book-collectors know. "They were," +he says, "like to a compleat nosegay of flowers, which, +in my travels, I had gathered out of the gardens +of above sixteen several kingdoms."<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a></p> + +<div class="footnotes"><br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> <i>System of Heraldry</i>, ii, 274.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Wyntown's narrative is as follows (quoted in Sir William +Fraser's <i>Earls of Cromartie</i>):— +</p> +<div class="poem"><span class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"A nycht he thowcht in hys dreming,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dat syttand he wes besyd þe Kyng<br /></span> +<span class="i0">At a Sete in hwnting; swà<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Intil his Leisch had Grewhundys twà.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He thowcht, quhile he wes swà syttand,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He sawe thre wemen by gangand;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And þai wemen þan thowcht he<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thre werd Systrys mást lyk to be.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">De fyrst he hard say gangand by,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Lo yhondyr þe Thayne of Crwmbawchty.'<br /></span> +<span class="i0">De toyir woman sayd agayne,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Of Morave yhondyre I se þe Thayne.'<br /></span> +<span class="i0">De thryd þan sayd, 'I se þe Kyng.'<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All þis he herd in hys dreming."<br /></span> +<br /> +<span class="i0">Wyntown's <i>Cronykil</i>, i. 225.<br /></span> +</span></div> +<p> +Wyntown's date is about <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1395. Macbeth was killed at +Lumphanan by Macduff, 5th December <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1056.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> A charter of lands in Cromartie granted by William de Monte +Alto, between 1252 and 1272, is still in existence. The granter of +the charter, having been owner of Cromartie, was claimed by Sir +Thomas Urquhart as one of his Urquhart ancestors, but with no +better authority than the earlier ancestors who figure in our +author's <i>Pedigree</i>. See <i>Earls of Cromartie</i>, by Sir William Fraser.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> It would seem from this that Urquhart was originally a place-name, +probably Gaelic. There were two parishes of Urquhart in +the old province of Moray—one with a priory near Elgin, and +the other with a castle in what is now Inverness-shire.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> "Tutor" here simply means "legal guardian"—for boys until +fourteen years of age, and for girls until twelve. After these ages +and before that of twenty-one such wards are in the charge of +"Curators." Owing to our author's having the same Christian +name as his father, the mistake is often made of asserting that +John Urquhart was <i>his</i> tutor.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 172. In a MS. volume of unpublished poems by +Sir Thomas, which is described on p. 116, there is the following:—"Upon +the tutor of Cromarty, my great-grandfather's younger +brother, and my father's tutor: +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"The present tyme, the preterit, nor futur<br /></span> +<span class="i0">T' ourselves, our fathers, nor posteritie,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Do now, have yet, nor will produce a tutor,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For's Pupils weil of more dexteritie,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">For he left free th' estate he had in charge:<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And by meer industrie did's own enlarge" (iii. 7).<br /></span> +</div></div> +<p> +We are sorry to quote a poem of Sir Thomas's at this early stage, +before the atmosphere has been created which is needed for perceiving +and appreciating its true value. The judicious reader will, +however, return to it with interest when that process has been +completed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> John Urquhart, "the Tutor of Cromartie," died in 1631, at +the age of eighty-four, and was buried in the old church of King-Edward, +Aberdeenshire, where there is a marble monument to his +memory.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 340.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> Another erroneous date is in the edition of the <i>Tracts</i> of 1774, +where 1613 is given as the year of our author's birth.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> This is now amongst the Gardenston papers, having been +formerly in the possession of Mr. Dunbar. All account +of its contents is given in <i>Antiquarian Notes</i>, by C. Fraser +Mackintosh, p. 195. An independent corroboration of the above +date of the marriage is by a document now in the Register +House in Edinburgh (<i>Aberdeen Sasines</i>), in which Sir Thomas +Urquhart, senior, gives sasine of the barony of Fisherie to Lady +Christian Elphinstone. The "precept," or clause in the marriage-contract, +which directs the notary to give sasine of the estate +settled on the bride, is also dated the 9th of July, 1606, and in it she +is described as being <i>in suâ purâ virginitate</i>. Probably the +marriage took place either on that day or very soon afterwards. +The bridegroom was just of age, while Lady Christian was under +sixteen, the date of her birth being 19th December, 1590 (<i>The +Lords Elphinstone</i>, Fraser, i. 167). +</p><p> +The issue of this marriage were at least the following sons and +daughters:—(l) <span class="smcap">Thomas</span>; (2) Alexander; (3) George; (4) John; +(5) [name unknown]; (6) Henry; and (7) Jane, <i>m.</i> Sir Alexander +Abercromby of Birkenbog; (8) Helen, <i>m.</i> Sir James Gordon of +Lesmoir; (9) Annas, <i>m.</i> Alexander Strachan of Glenkindie; +(10) Margaret, <i>m.</i> John Irving of Brucklay; (11) [name unknown], +<i>m.</i> —— Campbell of Calder.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Fisherie is about six miles from Banff.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> It is quite possible, however, that, in the parish school of King-Edward, +our author could have got the rudiments of a classical +education. In 1649 (15th Nov.), Mr James Petrie, who was school-master +there, applied for the school of Banff and, as a test of his +power, "was ordeined to teache the sext satyr of Persius to-morrow +in the school of Banf be nyne hours in presence of the +bailyies and others in the toune who wer scholars." He passed +through the test successfully, and was appointed to the office +(<i>Annals of Banff</i>, ii. 30, New Spalding Club).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> The entry of his name as a student on the roll is in the following +terms: "In Academiam regiam Aberdonensem recepti sunt +adolescentes quorum nomina sequuntur, præceptore Alexandro +Lunano, Anno 1622. +</p><p> +... +</p><p> +...<br /> +Thomas Urquhardus de Cromartie.<br /> +</p><p><br /> +... +...<br /> +<i>Fasti Aberdonenses, 1854.</i>"<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> <i>King's College: Officers and Graduates</i>, by P. J. Anderson, +M.A., pp. 347, 348.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> An "eminent Yorkshire educationist" introduced the same rules +into the establishment under his charge. It is probable, however, +that in Mr Squeers's case the arrangement was the result of independent +research into methods of education, rather than a hint +borrowed from Andrew Melville. "No holidays—none of those +ill-judged comings home twice a year that unsettle children's +minds so!" (<i>Nicholas Nickleby</i>, chap. iv.). +</p><p> +It is only fair to say that there are doubts as to how far the +arrangements under the <i>Nova Fundatio</i>, as above described, were +in force in Sir Thomas Urquhart's student days. If the older +system were still in operation, the Alexander Lunan, who is mentioned +as his preceptor, would virtually have taught our author +all the subjects contained in the curriculum through which he +passed. As there is no proof that Alexander Lunan was another +Admirable Crichton, the fact of his doing so would strengthen +what we have said above as to the comparative slightness of the +erudition imparted in a university education in those days. Sir +Thomas Urquhart speaks of having "learned the elements of +his philosophy" in the University of Aberdeen under William +Seaton (<i>Works</i>, p. 263). It has been suggested that it is an error +for John Seaton, and that it indicates that our author, like many +other students of King's College, took a session or two at Marischal +College (see Anderson's <i>Fasti Acad. Marisc.</i> ii. 34, 588).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 395.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Dr Lesley was successively Humanist, Regent, Sub-Principal, +and Principal of King's College. In 1639 he was deprived of his +office by the Covenanting party.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 262.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 263. The editor of the <i>Book of Bon Accord</i> gives a +lower estimate of Dr Guild's character: he says that his works are of +no literary merit, and that he got fame by his wealth and ostentatious +liberality. He was minister of King-Edward before he went to +Aberdeen; and his widow, Catharine Rolland, founded a bursary +at the university for young men belonging to that parish.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 263: see p. 11, note.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> Lord Elphinstone died 14th January, 1638. During the four +preceding years his son-in-law had "made ducks and drakes" of +his ancestral possessions. His portrait, which is still preserved at +Carberry Tower, is engraved in Sir William Fraser's work, <i>The +Lords Elphinstone</i>. It gives one the impression of a grave, +melancholy man. He had fourteen sons and five daughters. It +is to be hoped that none of his sons and no other of his sons-in-law +had the faculty for getting into difficulties which Sir Thomas +Urquhart, senior, displayed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 336.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> The offence of <i>forestalling</i> consisted in buying merchandise, +victuals, etc., before they appeared in a fair or market-place for +sale, or in taking steps to raise the prices of such things, or in +dissuading anyone coming to market from carrying his goods +thither. The amount of fine for a first offence was, as above, +£40 Scots (or £3, 6s. 8d. Sterling); for a second offence, 100 merks +(or £5, 11s., 1d. Sterling); while for a third offence it was forfeiture +of movable goods.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> M'Farlane's <i>Genealogical Collections</i>, ii. 283. MS. Advocates' +Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Records of the Court of Justiciary.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> It was built in the old turreted style, and defended on the +south by a moat and high wall. When it was taken down, in the +surrounding ground were found human skeletons, and urns containing +human remains, both enclosed in graves made of flags +(<i>Old Stat. Account</i>).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 312. "The situation appears in every view most +delightful" (Pococke's <i>Tour</i>, 1760).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> <i>Scenes and Legends of the North of Scotland</i>, pp. 78, 80.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> This was a fortalice-tower, with gardens, orchards, dovecots, +etc., in the south part of Banff, which afterwards came into the +possession of the Earl of Airlie. The bounds are thus described: +"The common vennel at the north, the loch called the Saltlochs +at the east, the lands called Little Guishauch at the south, and the +road to Overak at the west." Shortly before its demolition it +was the headquarters of the Duke of Cumberland's army on +its passage to Culloden. Besides this house and the castle of +Cromartie, the Urquharts occasionally occupied their mansion-house +of Fisherie. This stood a few yards to the south-west of +the present farmhouse of Mains of Fisherie. It was taken down +some sixty years ago. Some old trees still stand near the site of +the house and garden.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> <i>Annals of Banff</i> (New Spalding Club), ii. 28. The old +church in which Sir Thomas had a "desk" or pew, and a "loft" +or small gallery, is now in ruins. Only the south transept is +standing. In the parish church of King-Edward, Aberdeenshire, +the handsome silver communion cups bear an inscription to the +effect that they were a joint present from Dr William Guild, the +then incumbent of the parish, Sir Thomas Urquhart, and his +uncle John Urquhart of Craigfintray. That the Sir Thomas +Urquhart here named is not our author but his father, is evident +from the date of the incumbency of his fellow-donor, Dr Guild, +who was minister of King-Edward from 1608 to 1631. The cups +bear date of 1619.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 331.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 272.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> <i>History of England</i>, chap. xiii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> "<i>Scotus est, piper in naso</i>," Mediæval proverb.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> "<i>Fier comme un Ecossais</i>," French proverb.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> It may be as well to warn our readers at this point that Sir +Thomas Urquhart's vanity, or what would be called vanity in any +other man, was unbounded. So calm and unconscious is it, that +it often seems to betray a disordered mind. Those who seek in +his estimates of himself for illustrations of the grace of humility +will seek in vain. They may, however, find other things, which, +if not so edifying, are far more amusing.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> The reader who has sufficient curiosity and leisure may compare +with the above the account which his contemporary, Lord Herbert +of Cherbury (1581-1648), gives of his duels in his <i>Autobiography</i>. +That nobleman was a kind of Sir Thomas Urquhart in water-colour, +and his single combats are surrounded with a proportionately +milder glow of romance. Indeed, they seem to have been +generally undertaken in order to compel impudent young men to +give back pieces of riband to charming young ladies from whom +they had snatched them.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 311.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> <i>Merchant of Venice</i>, Act I. Scene ii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> <i>Essays, Civil and Moral</i>, xviii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 364.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 256.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 402.</p></div> + +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p> +<h1>CHAPTER II</h1> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Recalled Home—The Covenanting Movement—The Trot of +Turriff—Our Author escapes to England—Is Knighted—Publishes +his <i>Epigrams</i>—His Father's Embarrassments +increase—Lesley of Findrassie—Death of Sir Thomas +Urquhart, senior—Our Author struggles in vain to keep +his Creditors at bay—Other Wrongs and Losses—On bad +Terms with the Church.</p></div> + + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/w.jpg" width="90" height="67" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p>HILE Urquhart was engaged in +foreign travel, the ecclesiastical +and political controversies +in Scotland came to such a +height, that it was evident +that matters could only be settled by an appeal +to the sword, and, accordingly, he returned home +to assist the party to which his family adhered. +He, doubtless, like Milton, considered it disgraceful +that, while his fellow-countrymen were fighting at +home for liberty, he should be travelling abroad for +amusement and intellectual culture. His father, +who had been the first of the Urquharts to give +up Roman Catholicism for Protestantism, took the +unpopular side in the conflict that agitated the +Church of Scotland. He was a staunch Episcopalian, +and refused to accept the National Covenant, +when those who had voluntarily and enthusiastic<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>ally +entered into it attempted to coerce others +into following their example, and so turned it into +an instrument of tyranny.</p> + +<p>The determined efforts of Charles I. and his +advisers to make the Church of Scotland in all +respects like the Church of England, were fiercely +opposed, and, for a time, the party which was resolved +to make them as dissimilar as possible prevailed. +Episcopacy, liturgy, ancient ecclesiastical customs +and rites, and all that savoured of Prelacy or +Popery, were swept away by the rising flood. Yet, +without committing oneself to the doctrine of +passive obedience, it may be doubted whether the +course of policy followed by the Covenanters was +either wise or scriptural. For, notwithstanding +the vehement protestations of loyalty expressed in +the National Covenant, armed resistance to the +royal authority was not obscurely hinted at in it. +"We," said the subscribers, "promise and swear +by the great name of the Lord our God to continue +in the profession and obedience of the said religion; +and that we shall defend the same, and resist all +those contrary errors and corruptions, according to +our vocation, and to the utmost of that power which +God hath put into our hands, all the days of our +life." It is quite possible, it may be hoped, for one +to be in sympathy with a certain political party, +and yet to regret that the Church should identify +itself with that party; and it certainly was not in +the end a good thing for the cause of religion that +it should have been so closely allied as it was with +party politics in the seventeenth century. "My<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> +kingdom is not of this world," said Christ; "if My +kingdom were of this world, then would My servants +fight." "Put up again thy sword into his place," +He said to St Peter, "for all they that take the +sword, shall perish with the sword." It is difficult +to see how these clear and emphatic utterances can +be made to harmonise with the resolution not only +to use force in the correction of ecclesiastical abuses +and religious errors, but also to coerce those who were +not prepared to follow the same course of policy.<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a></p> + +<p>The Covenanting party were successful beyond +their hopes. The influence of the Marquis of +Argyle secured the allegiance to the cause of the +Highlanders in the west of Scotland; while, in +Inverness and the region north of the Moray +Firth, the movement was enthusiastically welcomed. +Only one district in Scotland held aloof—that of +which Aberdeen was the centre. The community +there had probably but little sympathy with the +innovations which Laud was bent upon bringing +in, but they had still less with the Covenant. +They were attached to the modified form of Episcopacy +which had now existed in Scotland since the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> +Reformation (with the exception of the years between +1592 and 1610), in which the bishops were little +more than permanent moderators of Presbyteries, +and were subject to the General Assembly, and in +which the ritual was of a very simple character.</p> + +<p>As a University and Cathedral city, and the residence +of a large number of wealthy landed proprietors, +Aberdeen occupied a position of great importance +in Scotland, and was by no means under the +command of the capital. The heads of the +Covenanting party very speedily found it necessary +to take steps for bringing this corner of the kingdom +into subjection to themselves. They could +scarcely hope to succeed in overcoming the powerful +forces at the command of the English Government, +if they were to allow this enemy to remain undisturbed +in their rear.</p> + +<p>Accordingly, at a very early stage in the proceedings, +they attempted to gain over to their side +the great territorial magnate of the district, the +Marquis of Huntly, who, from his rank and wealth +and hereditary loyalty to the throne, was likely to be +the leader of the King's party in the North. Had +they succeeded, they would virtually have had the +whole country at their back, for the community +of Aberdeen, and the few neighbouring lairds, who, +like Sir Thomas Urquhart, refused to accept the +Covenant, would not have dared to resist the +national policy by force of arms. In the negotiations +between the Covenanting leaders and the +Marquis of Huntly, we have an illustration of the +very muddy roads along which religion is dragged,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> +when it forms an alliance with a political party. +It is certainly with somewhat of a shock that one +who is under the impression that all the Covenanters +were saints of a very spiritually-minded +type, learns of the grim option which they offered +to their possible opponent. Colonel Robert Munro, +who had seen service in Germany, was appointed +to wait upon the Marquis at Strathbogie, and to +acquaint him with the resolutions to which the +Covenanters had come. "The sum of his commission +to Huntly was," we are told, "that the +noblemen Covenanters were desirous that he should +join with them in the common cause; that, if he +would do so, and take the Covenant, they would +give him the first place, and make him leader of +their forces; and, further, they would make his +state and his fortunes greater than ever they were; +and, moreover, they should pay off and discharge +all his debts, which they knew to be about one +hundred thousand pounds sterling; that their +forces and associates were a hundred to one +[in comparison] with the king; and, therefore, it +was to no purpose to him to take up arms against +them, for if he refused this offer and declared +against them, they should find means to disable +him for to help the king; and, moreover, they +knew how to undo him, and bade him to expect +that they will ruinate his family and estates." +The hands were, perhaps, the hands of Christian, +the voice was certainly the voice of Mr Worldly +Wiseman!</p> + +<p>The reply of the Marquis was admirable for the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> +spirit of generosity and chivalry which it breathed. +"To this proposition," we are told, "Huntly gave +a short and resolute repartee, that his family had +risen and stood by the kings of Scotland; and for +his part, if the event proved the ruin of this king, +he was resolved to lay his life, honours, and estate +under the rubbish of the king's ruins."<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a></p> + +<p>Though Sir Thomas Urquhart, senior, was a +staunch Episcopalian and a devoted Royalist, the +circumstances in which he was placed forbade his +aiding the ecclesiastical and political causes which +were dear to him with more than good wishes. +He was surrounded by neighbours of the opposite +party,<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> and isolated from those with whom he would +gladly have co-operated. Consequently, it remained +for his eldest son, our author, who apparently was +residing at that time at Balquholly Castle, in +Aberdeenshire, where the adherents of the Royalist +cause were numerous, to play a more heroic part.</p> + +<p>Between the date of the signing of the Covenant +and that of the meeting of the General Assembly +in Glasgow in 1638, The Tables, for such was the +name by which the executive government estab<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>lished +by the revolutionary party was designated, +decided to subdue the city of Aberdeen and the +neighbouring country, and to compel the people +there to accept the Covenant. Before resorting +to force, however, an attempt was made to persuade. +A committee of three eminent clergymen, Henderson, +Dickson, and Cant, with the Earl of Montrose +as president, was sent north to deal with the +somewhat unimpressible Aberdonians. The hospitable +corporation of the northern city invited the +visitors to a banquet of wine, but their invitation +was scornfully declined. The deputation "would +drink with none till first the Covenant was subscribed." +Such incivility was new in the history +of the city, and a very satisfactory rebuke was +given to it by the materials for the proposed +banquet being distributed among the poor. It +can be easily imagined that after this unsatisfactory +beginning the sermons delivered by the clerical +deputation fell upon unsympathetic ears, and made +but few converts. "The commissioners had one +powerful ally in the town, in the person of Earl +Marischal, the son of the founder of the College, +who had died in 1623; and, when they were +refused licence to preach in the city churches, they +adjourned to his residence at the north end of +what is now Marischal Street. The mansion +consisted of several buildings with galleries surrounding +a courtyard, and from these galleries the +three Covenanting ministers held forth from eight +o'clock in the morning till four in the afternoon, +trying to convince the people of the truth of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> +Covenant. The children of granite, however, +proved absolutely impervious to the 'apostles,' +whom they scornfully pelted with mud."<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a></p> + +<p>A paper-war, which attracted considerable notice, +sprang up between the commissioners and six of +the Aberdeen clergy—popularly designated in contemporary +literature as "the Aberdeen Doctors."<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> +In this warfare the representatives of the Covenanting +party came off rather badly. "The position +taken by the Doctors," says John Hill Burton, +"is the unassailable one of the dry sarcastic +negative. Whatever the Covenant might be—good +or bad—and whatever right its approvers had to +bind themselves to it, how were they entitled to +force it on those who desired it not? And when +their adversaries became eloquent on its conformity +to Scripture and the privileges of the Christian +Church, the Doctors ever went back to the same +negative position—even if it were so, which we +do not admit, yet why force it upon us?"<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a></p> + +<p>Early in the following year, 1639, The Tables +resolved to suppress the northern Malignants, as +they were called, before preparing to enter on a +campaign against their enemy in the south, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> +thus save themselves from the dangers involved in +having an enemy in their rear. The Earl of Montrose +went north at the head of a considerable +body of troops, and took possession of Aberdeen. +The opponents of the Covenant fled from the city, +and Huntly, the leader of the Royalists, felt unable +to offer effective resistance. In spite of a safe-conduct +granted him by Montrose on his coming in +to a conference, he was taken prisoner to Edinburgh +and lodged in the Castle.</p> + +<p>This kidnapping of the Royalist chief caused +great irritation; and upon a rumour of the fleet's +coming to the Firth of Forth, and of the Royal +army's approach to the Scottish border, the +northern Royalists, of whom our Sir Thomas +Urquhart was one, resolved to take arms on the +King's side. The first mention of our author in +history is in connexion with this rising; and the +annalist Spalding relates two exciting incidents that +occurred in one week, in both of which he took part.</p> + +<p>The first, which happened on Friday, the 10th of +May, was an attempt made by him and some of +the other Royalist lairds or "barons," as they are +called,<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a> to take the castle of Towie-Barclay,<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> +Aberdeenshire. It seems that the lairds of Delgatie +and Towie-Barclay had plundered the house of +Balquholly,<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> which was occupied by our author, and +carried off a large supply of "muskets, guns, and +carabines." Sir Thomas was not a man to submit +quietly to such an outrage as this; and, doubtless, +to his desire for vengeance was added a strong wish +to get possession of the firearms, now that there +was a good cause to be defended and brave men to +use the weapons. They had intended to surprise +the castle, but when they came to it they found +the gates shut, and the place strongly guarded. +Lord Fraser and the eldest son of Lord Forbes +had already known that an attempt was to be +made to recover the weapons, and had manned<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> +the castle so effectually that the idea of storming +it was out of the question. A few shots were +exchanged, and then the attacking party rode away. +The only casualty was the death of a David Prott, +who was a servant of the laird of Gight,<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> one of +Urquhart's friends. "This," the historian remarks, +"was the first time that blood was drawn here +since the beginning of the Covenant."<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a></p> + +<p>Four days after, a more serious encounter took +place between the two forces. The Covenanters of +the north had decided to assemble in force, and +fixed upon Turriff, in Aberdeenshire, as their headquarters. +The Royalists drew to a head at Strathbogie, +some eleven miles off, and resolved to disperse +their opponents. The Covenanting party was +about twelve hundred strong, and the Royalists +about eight hundred, but the latter had four brass +cannon, which very materially strengthened them +as an attacking force. They were under the +leadership of skilful officers, among whom Arthur +Forbes of Blacktown [in King-Edward] is specially +mentioned. Sir Thomas himself informs us +that, "having obtained, though with a great deal +of pain, a fifteen hundreth [hundred] subscriptions +to a bond conceived and drawn up in +opposition of the vulgar [popular] Covenant, he +selected from amongst them so many as he +thought fittest for holding hand to [taking in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> +hand] the dissolving of their committees and unlawful +meetings."<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a></p> + +<p>About ten o'clock on the night of Monday, the +13th of May, they started for Turriff, marching in +a "very quiet and sober manner," and by daybreak +managed to steal upon the village by an +unguarded path. The sound of trumpets and of +drums aroused the unsuspecting Covenanters to +the fact that they had been fairly surprised. +"Some were sleeping, others drinking, and smoaking +tobacco, others walking up and down." A +few volleys of musketry, and a few shots discharged +from the cannon, served to disperse them, and the +village was taken possession of by the attacking +force. It was but a slight skirmish,<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> in which +three men were killed, two of the Covenanters, +and one of the Royalists; but it was the first +of the battles in the great Civil War, which +raged for so many years, and deluged with blood<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> +so many fruitful plains in each of the three kingdoms. +On this account "the Trot of Turriff," as +it was called, should not be forgotten.</p> + + +<p>After this victory, the Royalists being masters of +the village, the common soldiers, who were hungry +after their night's march, plundered the houses of +those they thought were Covenanters, and supplied +themselves with meat and drink. The greatest loss +fell upon the minister, Mr Mitchell, who, however, +received very liberal compensation from Parliament +in the following year. They next gathered as many +of the inhabitants of Turriff together as they could +find, and made them accept and subscribe the King's +Covenant.<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> This device for securing adherents was, +however, ineffectual, for, a few weeks later, those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> +who had sworn to the King's Covenant, on a +declaration that they had acted under compulsion, +were solemnly absolved by their minister from all +obligation to keep it.</p> + +<p>The Royalist leaders now began to think of +further projects, as the number of their followers +increased after the victory at Turriff. They lost +no time in marching upon Aberdeen, and in quartering +themselves upon its inhabitants, especially upon +those who were known to belong to the Covenanting +party. In a few days, however, they found +their position untenable. A considerable number +of their Highland forces disbanded, and marched +away to their homes, plundering as they went—"a +thing," the historian remarks, "verye usuall with +them." The others retreated from Aberdeen, when +the Covenanting army under the Earl Marischal +entered the city, on the 23rd of May, 1639.</p> + +<p>A small number of prominent Royalists,<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> of +whom our Sir Thomas was one, now resolved to +leave Scotland, where the cause to which they +were devoted was at such a low ebb. A ship, +belonging to one Andrew Findlay, had been kept +in readiness for an emergency like this, and on it +they embarked hastily, and sailed away to England, +to offer their services to Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span> "Urquhart," +says Dr Irving, "who professes to have launched<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> +forth in the view of six hundred of his enemies, +was, within two days, landed at Berwick, where he +found the Marquis of Hamilton, and delivered to +him a letter from the leaders of the northern +Royalists. He had likewise undertaken to be the +bearer of despatches to the King, containing the +signatures of the same chieftains; and, having +proceeded to the royal quarters, he obtained an +audience of His Majesty, and explained to him their +past exertions and future plans for his service. +He appears to have been satisfied with his own +reception, and the written answer 'gave great contentment +to all the gentlemen of the north that +stood for the king.'"<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></p> + +<p>In one of our author's tracts, published in 1652, +we have a pedigree of the family of Urquhart. +Under his own name he states that "he was +knighted by King Charles, in Whitehall Gallery, +in the yeer 1641, the 7 of April." In the same +year he first made his appearance as an author in +the publication of his three books of <i>Epigrams, +Moral and Divine</i>, of which a fuller notice will be +found in a later chapter. Let us now for a little +leave Sir Thomas, happy in his sovereign's favour, +his head encircled with the ivy-wreath that clothes +the brows of learned poets, and his eye fixed upon +a prominent crag of Mount Parnassus as henceforth +specially his own, and turn to his father, +whose golden dreams have long since fled away, +and left him but the dreariest and shabbiest prose.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> + +<p>For thirty-six years the elder Sir Thomas had +been in possession of the ample estates of the +house of Urquhart, and during nearly the whole of +this time the country had been at peace, so that +he had no one but himself to blame for the impoverished +condition in which they were when his +son received them. The latter described the state +of matters in the following terms: "All he bequeathed +unto me, his eldest Son, in matter of +worldly means, was twelve or thirteen thousand +pounds sterling of debt, five brethren all men, and +two sisters almost mariageable, to provide for, and +lesse to defray all this burden with by six hundred +pounds sterling a year, although [<i>i.e.</i> even if] the +warres had not prejudiced me in a farthing, then +[than] what for the maintaining of himself alone in +a peaceable age he inherited for nothing."<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a></p> + +<p>So exasperated was the old man by the importunity +of his creditors, that at last, we are told, the +sound of one of their voices was in his ears as "the +hissing of a basilisk." The great Civil war itself, +which brought calamity and grief to so many +homes, was almost welcomed by him for the +relief it brought him from the "hornings" and +"apprisings," and other legal processes, which +threatened him in times of peace. "The disorderly +troubles of the land," says his son of him, +"being then far advanced, though otherways he disliked +them, were a kind of refreshment to him, and +intermitting relaxation from a more stinging disquietnesse. +For that our intestin troubles and dis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>tempers, +by silencing the laws for a while, gave some +repose to those that longed for a breathing time, +and by hudling up the terms of Whitsuntide and +Martimass, which in Scotland are the destinated +times for payment of debts, promiscuously with the +other seasons of the year, were as an oxymel julip +wherewith to indormiat them in a bitter sweet +security."<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a></p> + +<p>The most importunate of all the creditors, or, +as Urquhart describes them, "the usurious cormorants," +who harassed the unhappy proprietor of +Cromartie, was a certain Robert Lesley of Findrassie. +He held a mortgage upon the estate, and though he +was indebted to its owner for many acts of kindness, +he had been the first to foreclose upon the +property, and had persuaded other creditors to join +with him in taking this step. The annoyance and +mortification caused by these proceedings hastened +Sir Thomas's death. Two days before that event, +animated by regret for the wrong he had done his +heir by the impoverishment of the family property, +he assembled his younger children, and bound +them, "under pain of his everlasting curse and +execration," to do all in their power to help their +elder brother. The terms of this extraordinary +bond, his son tells us, were these: "to assist, +concur with, follow, and serve me, to the utmost +of their power, industry, and means, and to spare +neither charge nor travel, though it should cost +them all they had, to release me from the undeserved +bondage of the domineering creditor, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> +extricate my lands from the impestrements wherein +they were involved; yea, to bestow nothing of their +owne upon no other use, till that should be done; +and all this under their own handwriting, secured +with the clause of registration to make the opprobrie +the more notorious in case of failing, as the +paper itself, which I have <i>in retentis</i>, together with +another signed to the same sense, by my mother, +and also my brothers and sisters, Dunbugur [Dunlugas]<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> +only excepted, will more evidently testifie."<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> +Sir Thomas Urquhart, the elder, died in April [?], +1642, after a long and lingering illness.<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a></p> + + +<p>Our author now returned home to enter on possession +of his estates, and to attempt to reduce to +something like order the chaos in which the family +affairs were. He resolved to commit the management +of his property to trustees, who, after paying +his mother's jointure, were to devote the whole of +the rest of the rents to the reduction of debt. He +himself went to live on the Continent, in the hope<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> +that in a few years he would be able to return +home and enjoy his inheritance unencumbered by +debt. These proceedings, with the disappointing +results that followed them, are related in a passage +of his <i>Logopandecteision</i>, which is worth quoting. +"Immediately after my father's decease," he +says, "for my better expedition in the discharge of +those burthens, having repaired homewards, I did +sequestrate the whole rent (my mother's joynture +excepted) to that use only, and, as I had done +many times before, betook myself to my hazards +abroad, that by vertue of the industry and diligence +of those whom, by the advise and deliberation of +my nearest friends, I was induced to intrust with my +affairs, the debt might be the sooner defrayed, and +the ancient house releeved out of the thraldome it +was so unluckily faln into. But it fell out so far +otherwayes, that after some few years residence +abroad, without any considerable expence from +home, when I thought, because of my having mortified +and set apart all the rent to no other end then +[than] the cutting off and defalking of my father's +debt, that accordingly a great part of my father's +debt had been discharged, I was so far disappointed +of my expectation therin, that whilst, conform to +the confidence reposed in him whom I had intrusted +with my affairs, I hoped to have been exonered +and relieved of many creditors, the debt was only +past over and transferred from one in favours of +another, or rather of many in the favours of one, +who, though he formerly had gained much at my +father's hands, was notwithstanding at the time of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> +his decease none of his creditors, nor at any time +mine; my Egyptian bondage by such means remaining +still the same, under task masters different only +in name, and the rents neverthelesse taken up to the +full, to my no small detriment and prejudice of the +house standing in my person. The aime of some +of those I concredited [committed] my weightiest +adoes [affairs] unto, being, as is most conspicuously +apparent, that I should never reap the fruition nor +enjoyment of any portion, parcell, or pendicle of +the estate of my predecessors, unlesse by my fortune +and endeavours in forrain countries, I should be +able to acquire as much as might suffice to buy it, +as we say, out of the ground. And verily," he +concludes, "though not in relation to these ignoble +and unworthy by-ends, it was my purpose and +resolution to have done so, which assuredly, had +not the turbulent divisions of the time been such +as to have crossed and thwarted the atchievements +of more faisible projects, I would have +accomplished two or three severall ways ere +now."<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a></p> + +<p>One is inclined to wonder what the two or +three lucrative undertakings were, which this Highland +gentleman had in view when he spoke in this +way of the practicability of making enough money +to purchase back his estates. "What song the +syrens sang," says Sir Thomas Browne, "or what +name Achilles assumed when he hid himself among +women, though puzzling questions are not beyond +all conjecture." But even as wise a man as Sir<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> +Thomas Browne might well pause before venturing +on a conjecture in connection with this matter.</p> + +<p>In one of the official records of the time,<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> there +is an entry which shows that Urquhart was resident +in London in 1644. On the 9th May of that +year he is assessed for a forced loan at £1000; +and, on the 16th of the same month, there is an +order for him to be brought up in custody to pay +his assessment; while, on the 21st, it is noted that +his assessment is "respited till he shall speak with +the Scottish committee and take further orders, be +engaging to appear whenever required." He no +doubt proved to the committee that he had no +property in London, but was only a sojourner there, +and was accordingly virtually discharged. His +place of residence in London at this time was +Clare Street,<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> then newly erected upon St Clement's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> +Inn Fields, on the east side of Drury Lane, and +called after John Holles,<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> second Earl of Clare, +whose town-house was near by.</p> + +<p>Sir Thomas Urquhart now resolved to take the +management of his own affairs, and, if possible, so +to conduct matters as to secure subsistence for +himself, as well as satisfaction for his father's +creditors; and, in the year 1645, he went to live +in the ancestral home at Cromartie. His rental +still amounted to £1000 Sterling a year, which +represents about £7000 in our time, but a debt of +twelve or thirteen years' income was a very serious +burden upon such an estate.</p> + +<p>There can be little doubt that the entanglement +in which the financial affairs of the house of +Urquhart were involved became none the less confused +and confusing when the gallant knight applied +himself to unravel it. That was scarcely a task for +which he was fitted. Much more appropriate +would it have been for him to draw the sword, like +Alexander, and cut the Gordian knot. Perhaps his +failure, as in another well-known case,<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> is partly to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> +be attributed to his not having had a legal adviser, +familiar with the intricacies of the law, and able to +prevent his creditors getting more than their pound of +flesh, if not to save even that from them. Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span> +once said that he knew as much law as a gentleman +ought to know. Sir Thomas Urquhart seems to have +had a somewhat similar acquaintance with the same +subject, and this, like that of the person mentioned +in the footnote on the preceding page, was probably +acquired "as a defendant on civil process." There can +be no doubt that he "made an effort" more than once. +In vain did he have recourse to "pecunial charms, +and holy water out of Plutus' cellar."<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> The charms +were indeed potent, but they were not applied long +enough; the holy water was composed of the right +ingredients, but there was too little of it in the +cellars at Cromartie. He could not, with all his +struggles, succeed in curing what the Limousin +scholar in Rabelais calls "the penury of pecune in +the marsupie" [<i>i.e.</i> the want of money in the purse]—that +complaint which is so mortifying to the pride +of any gentleman, but which is specially exasperating +to a Highland gentleman. His cares and distresses, +or, as he calls them, his "solicitudinary and +luctiferous discouragements," were enough "to appall +the most undaunted spirits, and kill a very Paphlagonian +partridge, that is said to have two hearts."<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p><p>Probably Sir Thomas Urquhart was harshly dealt +with by his father's creditors, though, of course, it is +possible that in the story as told by them they +would appear in a more favourable light. They +had to do with a man who was unpractical and +fantastical in the highest degree, and morbidly +sensitive in all matters that seemed to lower his +dignity or to cast a slur upon his honour. His +brains seethed with plans for the improvement of +agriculture, trade, and education, but none of these +did the importunity of his creditors permit him to +carry into effect. "Truly I may say," he complains, +"that above ten thousand severall times I have by +these flagitators been interrupted for money, which +never came to my use, directly or indirectly one +way or other, at home or abroad, any one time +whereof I was busied about speculations of greater +consequence then [than] all that they were worth +in the world; from which, had I not been violently +pluck'd away by their importunity, I would have +emitted to publick view above five hundred several +treatises on inventions never hitherto thought upon +by any."<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> Before his imagination there floated the +dream of what he might have been, and his mind +alternated between passionate remonstrances against +his unfortunate circumstances and delusive hopes +and anticipations.</p> + +<p>The editor of the Maitland Club edition of +Urquhart's works truly remarks that there is a +melancholy earnestness, almost approaching insanity, +in his wild speculations on what he might<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> +have done for himself and his country but for the +weight of worldly incumbrances. "Even so," he +says, "may it be said of myself, that when I was +most seriously imbusied about the raising of my +own and countrie's reputation to the supremest +reach of my endeavours, then did my father's +creditors, like so many millstones hanging at my +heels, pull down the vigour of my fancie, and +violently hold that under, what [which] other wayes +would have ascended above the sublimest regions of +vulgar conception."<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a></p> + +<p>So convinced was he that the schemes and inventions +with which his thoughts were occupied +were of immense value, that he declared that he +ought to have the benefit of that Act of James <span class="smcap">III.</span> +(36th statute of his fifth Parliament) which provides +that the debtor's movable goods be first +"valued and discussed before his lands be apprised." +He claimed this as a right from the State; "and +if," he says, "conform to the aforesaid Act, this be +granted, I doe promise shortly to display before the +world, ware of greater value then [than] ever from +the East Indias was brought in ships to Europe."<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> +But unfortunately the Philistines were too strong +for him.</p> + +<p>To these pecuniary difficulties were added annoyances +and wrongs, which the meekest of mankind, +among whom Sir Thomas is not to be reckoned, +would have found it hard to bear.</p> + +<p>Mention has already been made of Robert Lesley +of Findrassie, the most relentless of all the creditors,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> +who, according to Sir Thomas Urquhart's account +of matters, made life bitter for him, and defeated his +many schemes for the benefit of the human race. +The injurious proceedings of this man form a subject +which our author can never leave for any +length of time, and to which it is necessary for his +biographer to revert occasionally. His unfortunate +debtor found a certain grim satisfaction, as well as +an opportunity for gratifying his taste for genealogical +research, in tracing Robert's descent from a +celebrated murderer—that Norman Lesley whose +hands were dipped in the blood of Cardinal Beaton. +It is certain, however, that there was no real +foundation for this opinion.<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a></p> + +<p>Unless Robert Lesley is a much-maligned man, +his conduct towards the son of his patron was both +rapacious and ungrateful. On one occasion at least +he acted in a very high-handed manner. "With +all the horse and foot he was able to command," +says Sir Thomas, "he came in a hostile manner to +take possession of a farm of mine called Ardoch; +unto which ... he had no more just title then +[than] to the town of Jericho mentioned in the +Scriptures; and at the offer of such an indignity to +our house, some of the hot-spirited gentlemen of +our name would even then have taken him, with his +three sons, bound them hand and foot, and thrown<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> +them within the flood-mark, into a place called the +Yares of Udol, there to expect the coming of the +sea in a full tide, to carry him along to be seized +in a soil of a greater depth, and abler to restrain the +insatiableness of his immense desires, then [than] +any of my lands within the shire of Cromartie." +Sir Thomas, according to his own account, hindered +the perpetration of this violence, and gave his +enemy and those who accompanied him "a pass and +safe-conduct to their own houses."<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a></p> + +<p>Yet so far was the caitiff creditor from being +touched by this proof of magnanimity on the part +of his debtor, that he applied himself with renewed +vigour to the concoction of schemes for his total +destruction. So at least Sir Thomas would have +us believe. On one occasion Lesley tried to inveigle +him to Inverness, with the intention of having him +arrested at the suit of an accomplice—James +Sutherland, "Tutor of Duffus"—and kept in durance +until he had satisfied all his enemy's demands. +On another occasion Lesley managed to get a troop +of horse quartered upon the tenants of Cromartie, +till, says our author, "I should transact for a sum, +of money to be paid to his son-in-law; which verily +was the greater part of his portion."<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> In addition +to this, a garrison was stationed for nearly a year +in the castle of Cromartie, where they conducted +themselves in a way calculated to wound and +humiliate the proud spirit of its proprietor. Among +other wrongs and losses inflicted upon him was +the sequestration of his library, which he had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> +collected with such pains. Sir Thomas says that +he sought eagerly to be allowed to purchase back +the precious volumes, but was hindered by the +spitefulness and indifference of those to whom he +made application, and was ultimately able to secure +only a few of them, which had been stolen from +the collection and dispersed through the country.<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a></p> + +<p>In an amusing passage in the <i>Logopandecteision</i>, +our author gives us a specimen of the peculiarities +of speech which distinguished his arch-enemy, +Lesley of Findrassie. As we read it we seem to +hear the very tones in which he enunciated or +defended his "felonious little plans." "Several +gentlemen of good account," he says, "and others of +his familiar acquaintance, having many times very +seriously expostulated with him why he did so implacably +demean himself towards me, and with such +irreconciliability of rancor, that nothing could seem +to please him that was consistent with my weal, +his answers most readily were these: 'I have (see +ye?) many daughters (see ye?) to provide portions +for, (see ye?), and that (see ye now?) cannot be done, +(see ye?) without money; the interest (see ye?) of +what I lent, (see ye?), had it been termely [regularly] +payed, (see ye?), would have afforded me (see +ye now?) several stocks for new interests; I have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> +(see ye?) apprized<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> lands (see ye?) for these summes +(see ye?) borrowed from me, (see ye now?), and +(see ye?) the legal [time] being expired, (see ye +now?), is it not just (see ye?) and equitable (see +ye?) that I have possession (see ye?) of these my +lands, (see ye?), according to my undoubted right, +(see ye now?)?' With these over-words of 'see ye'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> +and 'see ye now,' as if they had been no less +material then [than] the Psalmist's <i>Selah</i>, and +<i>Higgaion Selah</i>, did he usually nauseate the ears of +his hearers when his tongue was in the career of +uttering anything concerning me; who alwayes +thought that he had very good reason to make use +of such like expressions, 'do you see' and 'do you +see now,' because there being but little candour in +his meaning, whatever he did or spoke was under +some colour."<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a></p> + +<p>It must have been very hard for the proud-hearted +chieftain to see his farms devastated, his +tenants maltreated, his library thrown to the winds, +a garrison placed in his house, and troops of horse +quartered upon his lands without any allowance, +in addition to all the misery and impoverishment +which his father's wastefulness and neglect had +brought down upon his head.</p> + +<p>In 1647 an event occurred which seriously<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> +affected the interests of our author, and placed him +in a still more humiliating position. Sir Robert +Farquhar<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> of Mounie had "apprised" the estate +and sheriffship of Cromartie, and was now confirmed +in the possession of them. He proceeded to sell +his rights to (Sir) John Urquhart of Craigfintray, +the great-grandson of the Tutor of Cromartie. +Immediately upon this (Sir) John purchased a commission +from Charles I. to become hereditary Sheriff +of Cromartie. In this way the ancestral domains +and jurisdiction of which Sir Thomas Urquhart was +so proud virtually passed out of his hands. It was +not, however, till after the Restoration apparently +that the new proprietor entered into possession. +He evidently allowed his claims to lie dormant until +the death of his cousin, Sir Thomas, and then put +them in force. Even if our author had no other +troubles to contend with, the knowledge that this +Damoclean sword was suspended above his head +would have been enough to destroy his peace.</p> + +<p>No doubt Sir Thomas sometimes thought that he +was the most unlucky chieftain the Urquhart race +had yet known,—that such a multitude of misfortunes +had never come upon one who bore his +name since that day when, on a sunny plain in +Achaia, wild armed men first raised Esormon "aloft +on the buckler-throne, and with clanging armour +and hearts" hailed him as "fortunate and well-beloved."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span><a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> +Sir Theodore Martin, indeed, says that +Urquhart's statements with regard to his misfortunes +should not be construed to the letter, any more than +should the announcements of his wonderful inventions +and designs. They were both, he considers, in a +great degree pet objects on which he had permitted +his imagination to rest, till they had been transfigured +into a magnitude to which the reality probably bore +but a faint resemblance.<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> There is, however, ample +evidence in what we have already quoted, to show that +certain of the grievances he complained of were by +no means imaginary. It is beyond dispute that he +suffered heavily in his property in consequence of +his adherence to the Royalist cause. In 1663 his +brother, Sir Alexander, presented a petition asking +compensation for the losses suffered in the time of +his father and brother. The Commissioners appointed +to examine into these claims reported that, +before 1650, the damage inflicted upon the Urquhart +property amounted to £20,303 Scots, and during +1651-52 to £39,203 Scots—in all £59,506 Scots, +which is almost £5000 Sterling.<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a></p> + +<p>The relations of Sir Thomas Urquhart with the +ministers of the churches of which he was patron +were unfortunately of a painful character. The +grounds of misunderstanding and dispute were +numerous. In addition to political and ecclesi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>astical +differences of opinion between the ministers +of the three parishes<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> (of which Sir Thomas was the +sole heritor) and himself, there were disputes about +augmentation of stipends,<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> which they thought inadequate +but with which he had no fault to find, +the abolition of his heritable right to the patronage +of these churches, the legal proceedings taken by the +incumbents to compel him to agree to arrangements +decided upon by the Presbytery with regard to +stipends and the upkeep of buildings, and there were +also personal quarrels with the ministers themselves. +In the following passage he tells his side of the story, +and gives us a vivid, though not an edifying glimpse +of the parochial politics of that far-off time and +remote corner of Scotland. It is to be noticed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> +that Sir Thomas writes of himself in the third +person. "I think," says the supposed anonymous +writer of him, "there be hardly any in Scotland +that proportionably hath suffered more prejudice by +the Kirk then [than] himself; his own ministers +(to wit, those that preach in the churches whereof +himself is patron, Master Gilbert Anderson, Master +Robert Williamson, and Master Charles Pape by +name, serving the cures of Cromartie, Kirkmichel, +and Cullicudden), having done what lay in them +for the furtherance of their owne covetous ends, to +his utter undoing; for the first of those three, for +no other cause but that the said Sir Thomas would +not authorize the standing of a certain pew (in that +country called a desk), in the church of Cromarty, +put in without his consent by a professed enemy to +his House, who had plotted the ruine thereof, and +one that had no land in the parish, did so rail +against him and his family in the pulpit at several +times, both before his face and in his absence, and +with such opprobrious termes, more like a scolding +tripe-seller's wife then [than] good minister, squirting +the poyson of detraction and abominable falshood +(unfit for the chaire of verity) in the cares +of his tenandry, who were the onely auditors, did +most ingrately and despightfully so calumniate +and revile their master, his own patron and benefactor, +that the scandalous and reproachful words +striving which of them should first discharge against +him its steel-pointed dart, did oftentimes, like +clusters of hemlock or wormewood dipt in vinegar, +stick in his throat; he being almost ready to choak<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> +with the aconital bitterness and venom thereof, till +the razor of extream passion, by cutting them into +articulate sounds, and very rage it self, in the highest +degree, by procuring a vomit, had made him spue +them out of his mouth into rude, indigested lumps, +like so many toads and vipers that had burst their +gall.<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a></p> + +<p>"As for the other two, notwithstanding that they +had been borne, and their fathers before them, +vassals to his house, and the predecessor of one of +them had shelter in that land, by reason of slaughter +committed by him, when there was no refuge for +him anywhere else in Scotland; and that the other +had never been admitted to any church had it not +been for the favour of his foresaid patron, who, +contrary to the will of his owne friends and great +reluctancy of the ministry it self, was both the +nominater and chuser of him to that function; and +that before his admission he did faithfully protest +he should all the days of his life remain contented +with that competency of portion the late incumbent +in that charge did enjoy before him; they nevertheless +behaved themselves so peevishly and unthankfully +towards their forenamed patron and master, +that, by vertue of an unjust decree, both procured +and purchased from a promiscuous knot of men like +themselves,<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> they used all their utmost endeavours, +in absence of their above recited patron, to whom and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> +unto whose house they had been so much beholding, +to outlaw him,<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> and declare him rebel, by open +proclamation at the market-cross of the head town of +his owne shire, in case he did not condescend [consent] +to the grant of that augmentation of stipend +which they demanded, conforme to the tenour of +the above-mentioned decree; the injustice whereof +will appeare when examined by any rational judge.</p> + +<p>"Now the best is, when by some moderate gentlemen +it was expostulated, why against their master, +patron, and benefactor, they should have dealt with +such severity and rigour, contrary to all reason and +equity; their answer was, They were inforced and +necessitated so to do by the synodal and presbyterial +conventions of the Kirk, under paine of deprivation, +and expulsion from their benefices: I will not say, +κακου κόρακοϛ κακὸν ὠόν [an evil egg of an evil +crow], but may safely think that a well-sanctified +mother will not have a so ill-instructed brat, and +that <i>injuria humana</i> cannot be the lawfull daughter +of a <i>jure divino</i> parent."<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a></p> + +<p>Sir Thomas Urquhart is not to be taken as +infallible in the opinions which he formed and +expressed concerning the quality of the sermons +which were delivered from the Presbyterian pulpits +of his time. But there can be no doubt that +he hits upon one great fault by which many of +them were marred—that of being rather political +harangues than exhortations to godliness after the +Pauline fashion. Indeed, he goes so far as to say<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> +that, as a rule, the preachers of his time seldom +gave such exhortations, as they were "enjoyned by +their ecclesiastical authority [authorities?] to preach +to the times,<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> that is, to rail against malignants and +sectaries, or those whom they suppose to be their +enemies."<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a> Preaching "to the times" Sir Thomas +found meant in his neighbourhood preaching against +<i>him</i>; and one may be allowed, it is to be hoped, +without unduly wounding the feelings of those who +admire the Covenanters, to think sympathetically +of his sufferings. Sydney Smith once spoke of a +form of capital punishment in which the victim +was to be "preached to death by wild curates." If +the above description of Mr Gilbert Anderson's +sermons be true, he certainly was eminently qualified +to officiate as one of the executioners in carrying +out such a death sentence.<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p><p>But though Sir Thomas Urquhart was a Royalist +in politics, and an Episcopalian in religion, he was +certainly no bigot in his devotion to the King or +the Church. In a passage in <i>The Jewel</i>, he plainly +declares his belief "that there is no government, +whether ecclesiastical or civil, upon earth that is +<i>jure divino</i>, if that divine right be taken in a sense +secluding all other forms of government, save it +alone, from the privilege of that title."<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a> Indeed, +he treats such an idea as merely a pious fraud, +by which despotism is established and maintained +at a very cheap rate over tender consciences by +threatening them with the vengeance of Heaven in +case of disobedience. Such a man was not likely to +be a blind partisan of any cause. Differences in +religious beliefs and practices he attributed to +differences of temperament among individuals, and +to climatic and national peculiarities; and in no +obscure terms he hints that he was of the opinion +of Tamerlane, "who believed that God was best +pleased with diversity of religions, variety of worship, +dissentaneousness of faith, and multiformity +of devotion."<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a> However powerfully such opinions +may appeal to a certain class of minds, it is hard to +conceive of their being associated with deep religious +feeling; and accordingly we can scarcely be wrong +in concluding that one of the reasons why Sir +Thomas Urquhart held aloof from the Covenanting +movement was that he was at the antipodes to +the majority of his fellow-countrymen in the matter +of religious belief. A certain measure of aversion,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> +suspicion, and horror is still manifested by many +towards those whose creed is supposed to be of too +limited and negative a character; and we can easily +believe that in the middle of the seventeenth +century this attitude was taken up even more +openly and emphatically. On a later occasion, +when, as we shall relate, Sir Thomas Urquhart +applied to the Commission of the General Assembly +to pardon his having taken part in the capture of +Inverness, his case was referred to the minister of +that town, Mr John Annand, "that he might confer +with him [Sir Thomas] concerning some dangerous +opinions, which, as is informed, he hes sometimes +vented."<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a> In the view of the Commission of +Assembly the guilt of cherishing "dangerous +opinions" was as great as that of rekindling the +flames of civil war, if, indeed, it did not surpass it.</p> + + +<div class="footnotes"><br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> The utter chaos which resulted from the fusion of religion and +politics may be estimated from the fact that, in the October of 1650, +there were in the narrow bounds of Scotland four different armies, +at enmity with each other, and each prepared to maintain with +the sword a different cause, namely, the Scottish (Presbyterian) +army under General Lesley, for King and Covenant combined; +the English (Independent) army, under Cromwell, which was +against both; the Highland army, under General Middleton, +which was for the King without the Covenant; and the Westland, +or ultra-Covenanting army, which was for the Covenant without +the King.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Gordon's <i>Scots Affairs</i>, i. 49, 50. James Gordon (? 1615-1686) +was minister of Rothiemay in Banffshire. His <i>History of Scots +Affairs from 1637 to 1641</i> is one of the principal authorities for +this period. It has no pretensions to style, but is correct and +impartial. It was first published in 1841 by the Spalding Club.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> Early in the year 1638 some account was given to King +Charles of the chief persons in the north of Scotland whom he +might regard as faithful to his cause. "In Rosse," it was said, +"Sir Thomas Urqhward, Sheriff of Cromerty, with his following, +but they [are] environed with Covenanters, ther neighbours" +(<i>ibid.</i> i. 61).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> <i>A History of the University of Aberdeen, 1495-1895</i>, by J. M. +Bulloch, p. 110.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> These courageous worthies were the bishop's son, Dr John +Forbes, Professor of Divinity in King's College; Dr Robert +Baron, Professor of Divinity, and minister in Aberdeen; Dr +Alexander Scrogie, minister of Old Aberdeen; Dr William Leslie, +Principal of King's College; and Drs James Sibbald and +Alexander Ross, both ministers in Aberdeen.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> <i>History of Scotland</i>, vi. 235.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> See note on p. 123.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> Towie-Barclay is the name of an estate in the south-east corner +of Turriff parish, Aberdeenshire, near Auchterless Station, and four +and a half miles south-east of Turriff. The castle is supposed to +have been built in 1593. It remained pretty perfect till 1792, was +re-roofed in 1874, and retains a fine baronial hall with vaulted +ceiling. From at least the beginning of the fourteenth century +till 1733, the estate belonged to the Barclays, one of whose line +was the celebrated Russian general, Prince Michael Barclay de +Tolly (1759-1818). In 1792 it was sold to the governors of +Gordon's Hospital, Aberdeen, for £21,000. Towie is a corruption +of Tolly. See Billing's <i>Baronial Antiquities</i>, vol. iv.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> Balquholly, now Hatton Castle: a Square, castellated mansion +of 1814, with finely wooded grounds, in Turriff parish, three and a +quarter miles south-east of Turriff. It comprises a considerable +fragment of the ancient baronial castle of Balquholly (Gael. <i>bailecoille</i>, +"town in the wood"), the seat of the Mowats from the +thirteenth century till 1729, when the estate was sold to Alexander +Duff, Esq. Sir Thomas Urquhart must either have rented the +house from the Mowats, or have obtained leave to keep arms +there. The cellars in which the arms were probably kept are +exactly as they were in 1638, except that the old loop-holes are +partly filled up. The name of the mansion was changed to Hatton +Lodge in 1745, and to Hatton Castle in 1814, when the modern part +was built—Hatton being the name of the property in Auchterless, +which previously belonged to the Duff family. The present proprietor +is Garden Alexander Duff, Esq., who succeeded to the +estates in 1866. There is behind Hatton Castle a small croft +called Cromartie (see Ordnance Map), probably from our author's +occupancy of Balquholly or connexion with it.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> An ancestor of Lord Byron.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> Spalding's <i>Memorials</i>, i. 185. Until within living memory +the exact site of Prott's [or Pratt's] grave was pointed out; but it +is now quite obliterated by being ploughed over repeatedly.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> MS. <i>Epigrams</i>: The Animadversion.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> "Ther fell only two gentlemen upon the Covenanters syde: +one Mr James Stacker, a servant to the Lord Mucholles; and +one Alexander Forbesse, servante to Forbesse of Tolqhwone: upon +the Gordons syde, one common foote souldiour killed, (by the +unskilfullnesse of his owne comerades fyring ther musketts, as was +thoughte), whom the Gordons caused burye solemnly, that day, +out of ane idle vante, in the buriall place of Walter Barcley of +Towey, within the church of Turreffe; not without great terror to +the minister of the place, Mr Thomas Michell, who all the whyle, +with his sonne, disgwysd in a womans habite, had gott upp and +was lurkinge above the syling of the churche, whilst the souldiours +wer discharging volleyes of shotte within the churche, and +peircing the syling with ther bulletts in severall places" (Gordon's +<i>Scots Affairs</i>, ii. 258). The reader will keep in mind that +Gordon was the family name of the Marquis of Huntly.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> This was originally the King's Confession, and was drawn up +in 1580 by John Craig, minister of Holyrood House, and subscribed +by James <span class="smcap">VI.</span> and his household on 28th January, 1580-81. It is +printed at length in Row's <i>Historie of the Kirk of Scotland</i>. It +reaffirms the Confession of Faith of 1560, but contains also a +solemn renunciation in great detail of the errors of Popery. It +was approved by the General Assembly in April, 1581. A +"General Band [Bond] for Maintenance of the true Religion" was +added in 1588. The National Covenant of 1637 was an amplification +of the previous Confessions, containing in addition an +abjuration of Episcopal Church-government, as the King's Confession +did of Popery. In September, 1638, Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span> issued a +proclamation for the Scottish people to subscribe this King's Confession +and General Band, but the Covenanters regarded this as a +subtle plot to divide them, and destroy the National Covenant, +and, therefore, protested against the proclamation. The Confession +and Band so subscribed, for it was subscribed by some, got the +name of the "King's Covenant." It did not, of course, contain the +abjuration of Episcopal Church-government. Those who adhered to +it were called Malignants; while the name Covenanters was applied +to those who subscribed the National Covenant.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> Among those who made their escape from Aberdeen along with +Urquhart were Adam Bellenden, the bishop of the diocese; Alexander +Innes, minister of Rothiemay; Alexander Scrogie, a Regent +of King's College; together with the bishop's son, nephew, and +servant (Spalding's <i>Memorials</i>).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> <i>Lives of the Scottish Writers</i>, vol. i.; Urquhart's MS. <i>Epigrams</i>: +The Animadversion.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 340.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 346.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> Dunlugas is in the parish of Alvah, close by the river Deveron, +on the east side.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 341.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> "He was alive last Whitsuntide! said the coachman.... +Whitsuntide!—alas! cried Trim.... What is Whitsuntide, +Jonathan, or Shrovetide, or any tide or time past, to this!" +(<i>Tristram Shandy</i>, vol. v. chap. vii.). +</p><p> +Our author states (<i>Works</i>, p. 341) that "his father's death +occurred in August in the year 1642, some four yeares after the +hatching of the Covenant." He is, however, very careless in details +of fact, and is in error concerning this date. Sir Thomas Urquhart, +senior, is termed "<i>umqll</i>" (<i>i.e. "the late"</i>) in the Burgess Roll of +Banff, on 14th June, 1642 (<i>Annals of Banff</i>, ii. 418). Perhaps +the date was April instead of August. The Covenant was signed +1st March, 1638.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, pp. 346, 347.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> <i>Calendar of Proceedings of Committee for Advances of Moneys-Taxes</i>, +i. 381.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> The neighbourhood is now a cluster of narrow, dirty streets +and passages, lined chiefly with butchers' and grocers' shops, +which overflow into the adjacent streets, and are supplemented by +fishmongers and miscellaneous stalls and barrows—a crowded, +noisy, and unsavoury place on Saturday nights. In 1640, +Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span> granted his licence to Thomas York, his executors, etc., +to erect as many buildings as they thought proper upon St +Clement's Inn Fields, the inheritance of the Earl of Clare. He +issued another licence in 1642, permitting Gervase Holles, Esq., to +make several streets of the width of thirty, thirty-four, and forty +feet. These streets still retain the names and titles of their +founders—Clare Street, Denzil Street, and Holles Street. Clare +Street is somewhat rich in interesting associations. There is a +letter of Steele's to his wife, dated from the Bull Head Tavern in +this street, 24th August, 1710. It seems likely that he was hiding +there. Mrs Bracegirdle, a celebrated actress of that time, "was +in the habit of going into that neighbourhood, and giving money +to the poor basket-women, insomuch that she could not pass +without having thankful acclamations from people of all degrees." +It was to Clare Street and Clare Market that Jack Sheppard went, +after his escape from Newgate: he there bought a butcher's frock +and woollen apron, which he was wearing when captured at +Finchley. Here was Johnson's Hotel, celebrated for upwards of +seventy years for its <i>à la mode</i> beef. Isaac Bickerstaffe, too, lived +in this street.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> John Holles, created Baron Houghton of Houghton, in the +county of Nottingham, in 1616, and Earl of Clare in 1624.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> "If I had known that young man [Uriah Heep]," said Mr +Micawber, "at the period when my difficulties came to a crisis, all +I can say is, that I believe my creditors would have been better +managed than they were" (<i>David Copperfield</i>, chap. xvii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 347.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 346. For the authority on which this interesting +ornithological statement is made the reader will overhaul his Pliny +(<i>H. N.</i> xi. chap. 3).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 326.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 328.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 325.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> Norman Lesley, Master of Rothes, eldest son of George, fifth +Earl of Rothes, died without issue in 1554. This disposes of Sir +Thomas Urquhart's statement. The Lesleys of Findrassie themselves +claimed to be descended from Robert, the fourth son of Earl +George. See <i>Scotch Peerage Law</i>, by J. Riddell, p. 190.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 379.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 380.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> One of these volumes containing the signature of our author is +still in existence. It is a copy of Arthur Johnston's Latin poems, +printed at Aberdeen by Raban, 1632, and is in the possession of +the Rev. J. B. Craven, Kirkwall. It is a very fragile volume. +The signature in this volume, and two others, attached to legal +documents, are all that are known to be extant. We give a +fac-simile of one of the latter on p. iv.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> "<i>Apprizing</i>" is a legal process to which Sir Thomas several +times refers with great horror, and it may be as well to explain to +our readers what it was, for fortunately it is now a thing of the past. +It was for long the only method of attaching a debtor's heritable +property. By the Act, 1469, c. 36, when payment of a debt could +not be obtained out of the debtor's movables (including rent), +"the King's letters might be obtained, under which a debtor's land +might be sold by the Sheriff to the amount of his debts, and the +creditor paid out of the proceeds. If within six months no purchaser +could be found, a portion of the land equal to the debt was +to be apprised by thirteen men chosen by the sheriff, and the +portion apprised by them was to be made over to the creditor." +The debtor could redeem within seven years. This procedure at +first took place in the head burgh of the shire, where the jury +probably knew enough to make a fair valuation of the land. But +after a time the proceedings often took place in Edinburgh, where the +jury had no special knowledge, and might be packed by the creditor. +So that large estates were sometimes carried off in payment of +trifling debts. The appriser at once entered into possession, and +was not obliged to account for the rents (until 1631, c. 6). It was +thus a powerful engine of oppression. If A. wished B.'s land, and +B. owned land and nothing else, it was possible for A., if he could +only get B. as his debtor even in a small sum, so to work matters +that for the debt he might apprise all B's land. Being then in +right of B.'s rents, he had B. completely in his power, and B. had +no resources for gathering together the amount of the debt which +he must pay in order to redeem his lands within the seven years +allowed. The law was much relaxed by the Act, 1621, c. 6, but the +above will enable us to understand how an unscrupulous creditor +might get an easy-going, thriftless man into his clutches, and impoverish +him and his family.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 382. The evident meaning of the last sentence is +that Lesley's ways were so dark that it was highly necessary for +him often to ask, "See ye?" Yet one cannot help feeling that +this relentless creditor may not have been solely animated by +malignant hatred of his debtor. Even in the above speech there +seem to be claims which cannot be lightly brushed aside. One is +again reminded of Mr Micawber, and of the sudden and unexpected +glimpse of a better nature in his most truculent creditor, +which was vouchsafed him when he got his discharge in bankruptcy. +"Even the revengeful bootmaker," we are told, "declared +in open court that he bore him [Mr M.] no malice, but that +when money was owing to him he liked to be paid. He said he +thought it was human nature" (<i>David Copperfield</i>, chap. xii.). +An eminent American philosopher has said that there is a great +deal of human nature in man. There seems at any rate to have +been a great deal in Mr Lesley of Findrassie.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> In one of his queer <i>Epigrams</i>, after comparing the insatiable +demands of his creditors to those of the grave and of the sea, he +closes with the following alliterative litany: +</p><p><br /> +"Free me from Farcher, Fraser, Fendrasie."<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> "His subjects and familiars surnamed him [Esormon] ουροχἀρτοϛ, +that is [to] say, 'fortunate and well-beloved'" (<i>Works</i>, +p. 156).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Rabelais, p. xv.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> <i>Acts of the Parliament of Scotland</i>, vol. vii. 479, <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> The parish of Cromartie consists of the north-east portion of +the peninsula called the Black Isle, terminating eastward in the +precipice called the Southern Sutor, and stretches for about four +miles along the shore of the Moray Firth on the east, and about +six along that of the Firth of Cromartie on the north and west. +To the west of the parish of Cromartie were situated the joint +parishes of Kirkmichael and Cullicudden, on the southern shore of +the Cromartie Firth. In Sir Thomas Urquhart's time these were +separate parishes, but they were united in 1662, and a new church +was built at Resolis, in Kirkmichael, near the border of Cullicudden. +The newly constituted parish bore and still bears the name of Resolis.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> In his <i>Logopandecteision</i> he speaks of the "stipauctionarie +tide" which began to overflow the land. He thought "with +sufficient bulwarks of good argument to have stayed the inundation +thereof from two of his churches"; but, he says, "I was violently +driven like a feather before a whirlewind, notwithstanding all my +defences, to the sanctuary of an inforced patience" (<i>Works</i>, p. 352). +He does not, however, appear to have stayed long in this sanctuary, +or else the shelter it afforded was but imperfect. His "<i>stipauctionarie</i>" +(<i>i.e.</i> stipend-increasing) reminds us of Mr Micawber's +calling his salary his "<i>stipendiary emoluments</i>."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> The attention of the reader is specially directed to the marvellous +felicity and vigour of the above description. Sir Thomas +himself has never written anything better in its way.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> We fear that this is meant as a description of a presbytery.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> The reference is to the process of "horning" described on p. 16.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 280-282.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> That Sir Thomas Urquhart is not exaggerating matters in +speaking of such injunctions being given by ecclesiastical authorities, +is proved by the following well-known passage in the memoir +prefixed to the <i>Works</i> of Archbishop Leighton:—"It was a +Question asked at [of] the Brethren, both in the classical and provincial +Meetings of Ministers, twice in the Year, If they preached +the Duties of the Times? And when it was found that <i>Mr +Leighton</i> did not, he was quarrelled [<i>sic</i>] for this Omission, but +said, <i>If all the Brethern have preached to the</i> <span class="smcap">Times</span>, <i>may not one +poor Brother be suffered to preach on</i> <span class="smcap">Eternity</span>?"</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 280.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> The notice given us by Sir Thomas of Mr Anderson's preaching +makes us desirous of knowing more about him; but, unfortunately, +only a very few facts concerning him are known. He was born in +1597; he graduated at Aberdeen in 1618; was settled at Cawdor, +near Nairn, some time before 30th October, 1627; was transferred +to Cromartie between 5th October, 1641, and 11th January, 1642; +died in November, 1655, and was succeeded in the benefice by his +son Hugh (Scott's <i>Fasti</i>).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 276.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 261.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> See p. 83.</p></div> + +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p> + +<h1>CHAPTER III</h1> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Unsuccessful Rising in the North—Sir Thomas makes his Peace +with the Church—Return of Charles II. to Scotland—Invasion +of England—Battle of Worcester—Sir Thomas +a Prisoner in the Tower—Makes Friends—Is liberated on +Parole—Great Literary Activity—Revisits Scotland—Dies—Later +History of the Urquharts of Cromartie—Characteristics +of our Author—Glover's Portraits of him.</p></div> + + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/s.jpg" width="90" height="99" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p>HORTLY after the news of the execution +of Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span> reached Scotland, a rising +on the part of some of the leading +Cavaliers in the north took place, with +the view of restoring the Royal Family. +The most prominent person in this attempt was +Thomas Mackenzie of Pluscardine, a younger brother +of George, the second Earl of Seaforth, who for nearly +ten years past had managed the affairs of the family, +and was looked up to, both on account of his ability +and also on account of the great territorial influence +he represented. He had seen a good deal of service +abroad, and was at one time governor of Stralsund.<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> +Along with him, and only second to him, was our +Sir Thomas Urquhart, to whom even civil war was +scarcely more fraught with anxiety and danger +than was the life he had been forced to lead for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> +some time past. Together with them were associated +eight other Royalists of good standing,—among +whom Colonel Hugh Fraser of Belladrum +and John Munro of Lemlair had a certain pre-eminence,—and +these ten formed a kind of +revolutionary committee for the control of the +movement they had set on foot, and the government +of the district that might become subject to +them.</p> + +<p>Montrose had determined, on hearing of the +execution of the King, to renew the war in Scotland, +but Pluscardine and his associates did not +wait for his arrival. Charles was beheaded on +Tuesday, the 30th of January, 1649, and, by the +22nd of the next month, the Scottish gentlemen in +the north had already taken the field, and captured +Inverness. Four days after, on Monday, +26th February, a meeting of the Committee of War +was held in that town, the minutes of which are +still in existence,<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> and contain the name of our +author next in order to that of Pluscardine himself.</p> + +<p>The Committee passed certain enactments, by +which they took into their own hands the customs +and excise of the six northern counties—Inverness, +Sutherland, Cromartie, Caithness, Nairn, and Elgin. +An inventory of all the ammunition of the garrison +was ordered to be taken. It was also decided that +Sir Thomas's house at Cromartie should be put in +a state of defence, and that the work should be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> +carried out by the tenants of Sir James Fraser, a +bitter Parliamentarian, and opponent of the Stuarts +in the north, and by those of our knight's old +enemy, Lesley of Findrassie.<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a> It is easy for unregenerate +human nature to understand the pleasure +with which the members of the Committee of War +would give this last order. By another enactment, the +Committee declare that they consider it expedient +for their safety that the works and forts of Inverness +be demolished and levelled with the ground, +and they ordain that each person appointed to this +work should complete his proportion of it before +eight days have passed, "under pain of being +quartered upon and until the said task be performed."</p> + +<p>On the 2nd of March, Mackenzie of Pluscardine, +Sir Thomas Urquhart, and their associates, +were proclaimed as rebels and traitors by the +Estates of Parliament,<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a>—as "wicked and malignant +persouns intending so far as in thaine lyes, for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> +their own base ends to lay the foundation of a new +bloodie and unnaturall warre within the bowells of +this their native country," etc. etc.</p> + +<p>On the 1st of March the Commissioners of the +General Assembly had written to Pluscardine and +his associates expressing their wonder and grief at +such a rising in the interests of "the Popish, +Prelaticall and Malignant party," and threatening +the penalty of excommunication within ten days if +they would not "desist from and repent of that +horrid insurrection."<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a> The reply to this letter +came in due time, and was signed by the principal +leader in the insurrection, and by some other +members of the Clan Mackenzie, and is, it must +be confessed, a distinctly prevaricating and hypocritical +document. For one sentence at least in it +our author was responsible, though he neither +signs the letter nor is named in it. His pedantic +phraseology reveals his hand in the construction of +the reply to the Commissioners' remonstrances and +threats.</p> + +<p>The letter is addressed "to the Honourable and +Right Reverend," and begins as follows:—"Wee +have lately received yours of the first of Merch, +1649, for the which and your wisdomes Christian +care of ws, and your fatherly admonition to +ws, we humbly and heartily rander yow all +possible thanks." This lamb-like tone is maintained +with admirable gravity all through the epistle, and +is combined with a canting phraseology which was +meant to be impressive, but which must have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> +entertained any members of the Commission of the +General Assembly who originally possessed and +still retained a sense of humour. "And quheras +[whereas]," so it goes on, "your wisdomes taks it +a matter of no lesse wonder then [than] greife that +we, being vnder the oath of God and tye of our +Nationall Covenant, would make insurrection and +take armes against the Lords people, certainly, if it +were so, we acknowledge your wisdomes had reason +to wonder and to be grieved. And it is no lesse +winder and griefe to ws, being wnder the said +oath and tye of Covenant, furthering the same with +all our power and meanes, and at all occasions +desireing nothing els then [than] the enjoying of +the liberty of the subject, and proprietie of our +goods, intended and promised in and by our Covenant." +No one who has read any of Sir Thomas +Urquhart's original works can doubt that the next +sentence was either composed or revised by him. +The two phrases which we have taken the liberty +of putting into italics could scarcely have occurred +to any other member of the Committee of War. +"Yet we find, that evill willers and envyous vnderminers, +<i>in a singular and prœtextuous way</i> aiming +at our ruine, doe spend <i>the quintessence of their witts</i> +to find out means whereby, under specious pretences +of the publick [good?] to extermine ws with +povertie, and by inventing fresh occasions to make +ws odious, and bring ws vpon fresh stages [<i>sic</i>] +vnder the base name of Malignancy." It is unnecessary +to quote the whole of the letter, but a +couple of sentences, which describe what the in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>surgents +had done at Inverness, deserve notice. +"But the whole countrey of all degrees, being +sensible of the oppression and insolency of the +vnnecessary and vnprofitable garison of Innernes to +Church or State, did heartily and vnanimously contribute +to the demolishing thereof, which being +done, all disbanded peaceablie, and the people +retired peaceablie to their owne homes, without +offence to any nighbour of any degree or condition.... +And now, when the said garison is dismantled, +we shall be found not only disposed to +live peaceablie, bot also ready to obey all publick +ordours for the good of the Kingdome." The +writers ask that "the taxes and impositions," which +pressed with special severity on the class to which +they belonged, should be remitted, and liberty given +them to lead that religious, peaceful life, to which +both by nature and by deliberate choice, they seem +to say, they were strongly inclined. The sting of +the letter is in its closing words. If these "evill +willers" succeed in persuading the Commissioners +of Assembly to go on with the sentence of excommunication, +as fully deserved, they (the writers) +formally appeal against such a decision from the +Commission to the next General Assembly.<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a></p> + +<p>The ecclesiastical court to which the above letter +was sent <i>may</i> have contained a goodly sprinkling of +fanatics, but it is certain that in it there were but +few, if any, imbeciles; so that the communication +from the Committee of War did not succeed in +imposing upon those to whom its contents were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> +read. They did not condescend to answer it, but +at once issued a pamphlet, entitled <i>A Declaration +and Warning to all Members of this Kirk</i>, "to +recover, if possible, the disturbers of the peace of +God's people out of the snare of Sathan, and to +prevent others from falling therein." The document +displays very genuine indignation and dismay +at the possibility of the negotiations which were +being carried on for restoring Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span> as a +"covenanted king" to the throne of his ancestors, +being defeated, and of his coming back as an +arbitrary ruler and oppressor of the Church. Those +who have any doubt about the deterioration of both +religion and politics when they are fused together, +should read this and other State Papers of the +period, and their eyes would be opened. The +calm assumption by the writers that political opponents +are the enemies of God, the claim to +knowledge of the Divine purposes and counsels, the +free use of the most sacred words of Scripture, the +dark fanaticism which inspires so many of the +utterances, and the intense passion which makes so +many of them sound like mere raving—all combine +to make these documents very painful reading. A +circular letter of warning and exhortation was sent +to Presbyteries, attempts were made to persuade +individuals to disconnect themselves from the +insurrectionary movement, and a message of encouragement +was sent to Lieutenant-General David +Lesley to strengthen his hands in the work of +putting it down by fire and sword.<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p> +<p>The insurgents, after demolishing the fortifications +of Inverness, retired before the troops sent +to suppress them, and took refuge among the +mountains of Ross-shire. Lesley advanced to Fortrose +and garrisoned the castle there, and then +proceeded to endeavour to make terms with the +leaders of the insurrection. The only one who +would listen to no accommodation was Mackenzie +of Pluscardine. Immediately on Lesley's return +south, he descended from the mountains, and attacked +and took the castle of Chanonry. Our Sir +Thomas Urquhart was now safely out of the conflict, +but our readers may wish to know what +became of the insurrectionary movement which he +had such a large share in setting on foot, and from +which he found it prudent to retire at an early stage.</p> + +<p>Mackenzie's force was brought up to eight or +nine hundred men by the accession of his nephew, +Lord Reay, with three hundred followers. Soon +afterwards he was joined by General Middleton and +Lord Ogilvie, and advanced into Badenoch, with the +view of raising the people in that and the neighbouring +districts. In what is called the Wardlaw +MS. a very vivid picture is given of the behaviour +of the Highlanders from the Reay country, when +they poured into Inverness on the morning of +Sunday, the 2nd of May, 1649. "They crossed +the bridge of Ness," says the Royalist minister of +Kirkhill, "on the Lord's Day in time of divine +service, and alarmed the people of Inverness, impeding +God's worship in the town. For instead of +bells to ring in to service I saw and heard no other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> +than the noise of pipes, drums, pots, pans, kettles, +and spits in the streets to provide them victuals in +every house. And in their quarters the rude rascality +would eat no meat at their tables until the landlord +laid down a shilling Scots upon each trencher,<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a> +calling this '<i>airgiod cagainn</i>' (chewing-money), which +every soldier got, so insolent were they."</p> + +<p>The campaign was a very brief one. The +Royalists, joined by the Marquis of Huntly, attacked +and took the castle of Ruthven, but, soon +after, being hardly pressed by Lesley, they turned +southwards and took up their quarters in Balvenie +Castle. General Middleton and Mackenzie were +despatched to treat with Lesley, but before they +reached their destination, the troops from Fortrose, +after a rapid march, surprised the Royalist forces +at Balvenie. A fierce engagement took place, in +which both sides suffered severely.<a name="FNanchor_105_105" id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a> Eighty of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> +insurgents fell in defence of the castle. The Highlanders +were dismissed to their homes on swearing +never again to take up arms against the Parliament; +while their leaders were sent as prisoners to Edinburgh, +where most of them were set free soon +after, on payment of fines, and on giving security +that they would keep the peace. By sharp and +vigorous action the remaining sparks of insurrection +in the north were stamped out, and fresh bodies of +troops were stationed in the principal strongholds +of that part of the country. Thus ended a rising +which would probably have had a very different +result, if it had been postponed until the arrival of +Montrose.</p> + +<p>The same writer<a name="FNanchor_106_106" id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a> who gave an account of the +riotous and insolent demeanour of the Highland +soldiers in Inverness, furnishes us with a companion-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>picture—that +of them on their way back to their +homes after their defeat at Balvenie. It is as +follows:—"Next twenty horse, and three companies +of foot, were ordered to convey the captives back +over the Spey, and through Moray to Inverness, +where I saw them pass through; and those men +who, in their former march, would hardly eat their +meat without money, are now begging food, and, like +dogs, lap the water which was brought them in tubs +and other vessels in the open streets. Thence they +were conducted over the bridge of Ness, and dismissed +everyone armless and harmless to his own house. +This is a matter of fact which I saw and heard."</p> + +<p>The profound feelings of anxiety which this +abortive attempt at insurrection had excited in the +minds of the ecclesiastical rulers of Scotland are +very clearly indicated by the exuberance of joy with +which the tidings of the victory at Balvenie were +received by the Commission of Assembly.<a name="FNanchor_107_107" id="FNanchor_107_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a> They +instantly decided to appoint a solemn Day of +Thanksgiving, on the 25th of May, for "the Lord's +mercifull defeat of the enemies of the peace of this +land."<a name="FNanchor_108_108" id="FNanchor_108_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a> They tacked on a postscript to the above-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span>mentioned +<i>Declaration and Warning</i>, containing a +statement of the causes of the Thanksgiving, and +ordered both to be read from all the pulpits in +Scotland. Letters of congratulation were despatched +to the victorious officers, and to others who had +been faithful in the recent crisis, and full particulars +of what had taken place were sent to the Commissioners +of Scotland at the Hague, who were engaged +in the negotiations with "the young man, Charles +Stuart." In the last-mentioned document there is +a flicker of grim humour, as the writers send +intelligence of the destruction of the hopes which +news of the rebellion might have excited in the +minds of Charles and his friends. The last sentence +in the letter can scarcely have been written or +read without a smile. "We have appointed," they +say, "the twenty-fift day of Maij for a solemn +thanksgiving for this and other late mercies, wherewith +we thought good to acquaint yow, that yow +manage this to the best advantage of the work in +your hands, according as yow shall thinke fitt."<a name="FNanchor_109_109" id="FNanchor_109_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_109_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a> +It was once said of a good man that he would have +been better if he had had a little more of the devil +in him; and one is inclined to think more highly of +these good men for the touch of malice, which relieves +the sombre character of their communication.<a name="FNanchor_110_110" id="FNanchor_110_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_110_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p><p>The threatened bolt of excommunication was not +launched, but our author found it necessary to apply +to the Commission of General Assembly in order +to make his peace with the ecclesiastical power. +Accordingly, on the 22nd of June, 1650, he +appeared in Edinburgh before this body, and presented +his "supplicatioun" for pardon for the guilt +of taking part in the Northern insurrection, and of +assaulting and razing the walls of Inverness.</p> + +<p>The Commission met, doubtless, in that "little +roome of [off] the East Church" of St Giles, +which Baillie describes as having been "verie +handsomelie dressed for our Assemblies in all time +coming,"<a name="FNanchor_111_111" id="FNanchor_111_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_111_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a> and from which, three years later, the +English officers, under Cromwell's order, ejected the +members of the General Assembly. The Commission +on that day, when our author appeared before +them, consisted of twenty-four members—the most +distinguished divines and politicians in Scotland of +the Covenanting party. The moderator, or chairman, +was Robert Douglas,<a name="FNanchor_112_112" id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a> "a great State preacher,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> +who had been chaplain to the Scots troops in the +service of Gustavus Adolphus, and had won the +esteem of that monarch, and who in little more +than six months' time would officiate at the coronation +of Charles II., for whom Sir Thomas Urquhart +had prematurely drawn the sword. Beside him +was Samuel Rutherford, the Principal of St +Andrews, whose fervid piety has found no lack of +admirers in every generation since his time. +Robert Baillie, the writer of the <i>Letters</i> which +contain so many vivid pictures of events in that +stirring period; David Dickson, Professor of Divinity +in Glasgow, whose name we have heard as one of +the deputation to persuade the people of Aberdeen +to take the Covenant; and James Guthrie, who died +as a martyr, the year after the Restoration, were +present there that day. The contrast between +these grave, dignified, saintly Covenanting leaders, +and the brilliant Cavalier, Sir Thomas Urquhart, is +one which, by its picturesqueness, strongly impresses +the imagination.</p> + +<p>The Commission, after hearing the petitioner's +statements, did not, apparently; treat the matter as +of very serious moment. The dangerous crisis was +over, and they could afford to be merciful. They +seem to have condoned the political offence, but +referred Sir Thomas to Mr John Annand, minister +of Inverness, one of their number, "that he might<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> +confer with him concerning some dangerous opinions +which, as was informed, he had sometimes vented." +If these could be explained away, and no further +complicity in disloyal schemes were brought home +to him, Mr Annand was empowered, acting at +all times under the advice of the Presbytery of +Inverness, to receive his public "satisfaction" in +the church of that city. How the matter ended +we do not know. But there is very little doubt +that Sir Thomas's nebulous heterodoxy proved no +bar to his being freed from ecclesiastical censure, +and that, in due course, according to the custom of +that time, he stood, as a penitent, before the +congregation of the Parish Church, in that city the +walls of which he had assisted to assault and overthrow.</p> + +<p>A fortnight after Sir Thomas Urquhart's +appearance before the Commission of the General +Assembly, Charles II. landed in Scotland, and was +accepted, though at first not without deep misgivings, +as "covenanted King." The party to which +our author belonged was for a time excluded from +all share in public life; and even the army, which +was to defend the sovereign against the English +sectaries, was carefully sifted, to remove those whose +presence might bring a curse upon it. So that, +though the land resounded with war and the rumour +of war, Sir Thomas remained in an enforced quietude +in his castle at Cromartie. The effect of the battle of +Dunbar (3rd September) was to depress the faction +which had excluded the Royalist partisans from the +army, and kept the King himself in something very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> +like bondage. Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span>, indeed, is said to have +given thanks to God for the victory of Cromwell +over the Covenanting forces at this battle, and the +only difficulty in the way of believing this statement +lies in the fact that he so seldom gave thanks for +anything.</p> + +<p>The Royalist party now began to rally about +their sovereign. Charles II. was crowned at Scone +on the 1st January, 1651, and in due time an +army, which included many of the so-called +Malignants, was ready for trying conclusions once +again with the terrible English General. And now +for the third time our author took up arms on +behalf of the Stuarts. After some months of +endless marchings and counter-marchings, in which +Cromwell evidently endeavoured to provoke his +enemies into a repetition of the blunder by which +they had lost the battle of Dunbar, the Scottish +forces found an opportunity of marching into +England.</p> + +<p>The latter, under David Lesley, had taken up a +strong position on the height of the Tor Wood, +between Stirling and Falkirk, from which they +refused to be drawn out to battle; and Cromwell +resolved to take up his post on the other side of +the Royalist army. Accordingly, he crossed the +Forth at Queensferry, and, after defeating an +attempt to intercept him at Inverkeithing, reached +and occupied Perth. The way to England was +now open, and the Scottish army swiftly and +silently entered upon it, resolved to stake everything +upon a great battle.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p> + +<p>Sir Thomas Urquhart left his castle of Cromartie, +and took part in this expedition, though apparently +he held no position of command in the army, and +was very much out of sympathy with many of +those who journeyed with him. Indeed, his unfortunate +prejudices against the Presbyterian and +Covenanting party come out in the statement he +makes, that many of those who started out to smite +"the Midianites and Philistines," when it came to +the push, managed to make their way home, "being +loth to hazard their precious persons, lest they +should seem to trust to the arm of flesh."<a name="FNanchor_113_113" id="FNanchor_113_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_113_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a> The +mass of those, however, who formed the Scottish +army were of very different mettle, and the battle +in which they staked and lost everything was +one of the fiercest in the whole of the great Civil +War.</p> + +<p>The course of their journey southward was +through Biggar and Carlisle, and then through +Lancashire. To their disappointment, they received +no great accession of Royalists, nor of any +others who were inclined to join them in the +attempt to overthrow the Commonwealth. "They +marched," says the historian, "under rigorous +discipline, weary and uncheered, south through +Lancashire; had to dispute ... the Bridge of +Warrington with Lambert and Harrison, who +attended them with horse-troops on the left; +Cromwell with the main army steadily advancing +behind. They carried the Bridge at Warrington; +they summoned various Towns, but none yielded;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> +proclaimed their King, with all force of lungs and +heraldry, but none cried, God bless him. Summoning +Shrewsbury, with the usual negative response, +they quitted the London road; bent southward +towards Worcester, a City of slight Garrison and +loyal Mayor; there to entrench themselves, and +repose a little."<a name="FNanchor_114_114" id="FNanchor_114_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a> Yet but slight opportunity for +this was given them. The course taken by Cromwell +was through York, Nottingham, Coventry, and +Stratford-on-Avon, and when he arrived at Worcester +with his army from Scotland, and with the +county militias, who had risen at his summons, his +forces numbered over thirty thousand men as against +the enemy's sixteen thousand.</p> + +<p>Meantime Sir Thomas Urquhart had taken up +his quarters in Worcester, in the house of a Mr +Spilsbury, "a very honest sort of man, who had an +exceeding good woman to his wife." His luggage, +which was stored in an attic, consisted, besides +"scarlet cloaks, buff suits, and arms of all sorts," +of seven large "portmantles," three of which were +filled with unpublished works in manuscript, and +other valuable documents—the amount of which +he gives us in quires and quinternions, but which +need not be repeated here. "Peace hath her +victories no less renowned than war," sang Milton +in his sonnet to the Lord General Cromwell; +and perhaps Sir Thomas Urquhart hoped, after +achieving victory in war, to win a second set of +laurels by means of the contents of the three +"portmantles."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p> + +<p>On the evening of the 3rd September, the anniversary +of the battle of Dunbar, and afterwards to +be the date of Cromwell's own death, the battle +of Worcester was fought, and the Royalist cause +utterly shattered. "The fighting of the Scots," +says Carlyle, "was fierce and desperate. 'My Lord +General did exceedingly hazard himself, riding up +and down in the midst of the fire; riding, himself +in person, to the Enemy's foot to offer them quarter, +whereto they returned no answer but shot.' The +small Scotch Army, begirdled with overpowering +force, and cut off from help or reasonable hope, +storms forth in fiery pulses, horse and foot; charges +now on this side of the River, now on that;—can on +no side prevail. Cromwell recoils a little, but only +to rally and return irresistible. The small Scotch +Army is, on every side, driven in again. Its fiery +pulsings are but the struggles of death: agonies as +of a lion coiled in the folds of a boa. 'As stiff a +contest,' says Cromwell, 'for four or five hours as +ever I have seen.'"<a name="FNanchor_115_115" id="FNanchor_115_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_115_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a></p> + +<p>The conquered lost six thousand men, and all +their baggage and artillery; and Charles only with +difficulty, and after many romantic adventures, succeeded +in escaping to the Continent when the fight +was over. Ten thousand prisoners, including eleven +of the Scottish nobility, were taken. The sufferings +of many of these brave men were severe in the +extreme. Some perished from want of food and +from gaol diseases, and large numbers of the survivors +were shipped for the plantations, and sold as slaves.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p> + +<p>Sir Thomas Urquhart, and, apparently, more than +one of his brothers, were among the prisoners, but +appeared to have fared better than many of their +companions in arms. The greatest of the misfortunes +that fell upon him was, in his estimation, the +sad fate that overtook his precious manuscripts. +The whole story, related in his own inimitable +style, may be read in Chapter VI. It is enough to +say here that a party of marauders broke into his +quarters in search of valuables, that they forced +open the "portmantles" and turned their contents +out upon the floor, and afterwards carried off the +papers to use them for wrapping up articles of +plunder, and for lighting their pipes. Fortunately +some bundles of these papers were afterwards picked +up in the streets and brought back to him, and in +due time found their way to the printer's.</p> + +<p>After the battle of Worcester, Sir Thomas +Urquhart and some of the other Scottish gentlemen +who had been taken prisoners there were confined +in the Tower of London. He seems to have +speedily gained the favour of his captors, and to +have been treated with remarkable leniency. Indeed, +he speaks in terms of affectionate respect of various +officers of the Parliamentary army from whom he +had received kindness, and acknowledges courtesies +extended towards him by the Lord General himself. +Thus he places on record his indebtedness to a +"most generous gentleman, Captain Gladmon," for +speaking in his favour to the Protector. And of +another, whom he calls the Marshal-General, in +whose charge he had been placed, he has set down<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> +the praise in the following elaborate sentence:—"The +kindly usage of the Marshal-General, +Captain Alsop, whilst I was in his custody, I am +bound in duty so to acknowledge, that I may +without dissimulation avouch, for courtesies conferred +on such as were within the verge of his +authority, and fidelity to those by whom he was +intrusted with their tuition [oversight of them] in +that restraint, that never any could by his faithfulness +to the one and loving carriage to the other +bespeak himself more a gentleman, nor in the +discharge of that military place acquit himself +with a more universally-deserved applause and +commendation."<a name="FNanchor_116_116" id="FNanchor_116_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_116_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a></p> + +<p>The severity of his imprisonment was soon abated; +and he was removed from the Tower to Windsor +Castle,<a name="FNanchor_117_117" id="FNanchor_117_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_117_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a> and not long after, by the orders of Cromwell, +was paroled <i>de die in diem</i>.<a name="FNanchor_118_118" id="FNanchor_118_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_118_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a> The comparative +liberty he now enjoyed enabled him to repair the +loss of his manuscripts after the battle of Worcester, +and he set himself to make the best of the fragments +he had recovered, and to prepare them for +publication, as well as to compose new material. +A paragraph in the Epilogue of one of his works, +in which he describes his warm appreciation of +the measure of freedom he now enjoyed, is worth +quoting. "That I, whilst a prisoner," he says, +"was able to digest and write this Treatise, is an +effect meerly proceeding from the courtesie of my +Lord General Cromwel, by whose recommendation +to the Councel of State my parole being taken for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> +my true imprisonment, I was by their favour +enlarged to the extent of the lines of London's +communication; for had I continued as before, +coopt up within walls, or yet been attended still +by a guard, as for a while I was, should the house +of my confinement have never been so pleasant, or +my keepers a very paragon of discretion, and that +the conversation of the best wits in the world, +with affluence of all manner of books, should have +been allowed me for the diversion of my minde, yet +such all antipathie I have to any kinde of restraint +wherein myself is not entrusted, that notwithstanding +these advantages, which to some spirits would +make a jayl seem more delicious then [than] +freedom without them, it could not in that eclipse +of liberty lie in my power to frame myself to the +couching of one sillable, or contriving of a fancie +worthy the labour of putting pen to paper, no more +then [than] a nightingale can warble it in a cage, +or linet in a dungeon."<a name="FNanchor_119_119" id="FNanchor_119_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_119_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a></p> + +<p>Another friend whom Sir Thomas Urquhart +found in the time of need was the celebrated +Roger Williams, the apostle of civil and religious +liberty, and the founder of the settlement of Providence, +Rhode Island, and missionary to the +Indians. In the Epilogue to the <i>Logopandecteision</i> +he thus acknowledges his obligations to him: "[I +cannot] forget my thankfulness to that reverend +preacher Mr Roger Williams of Providence, in +New England, for the manifold favours wherein I +stood obliged to him above a whole month before<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> +either of us had so much as seen other, and that +by his frequent and earnest solicitation in my +behalf of the most especial members both of the +Parliament and Councel of State; in doing whereof +he appeared so truely generous, that when it was +told him how I, having got notice of his so undeserved +respect towards me, was desirous to +embrace some sudden opportunity whereby to +testifie the affection I did owe him, he purposely +delayed the occasion of meeting with me till he +had, as he said, performed some acceptable office +worthy of my acquaintance; in all which, both +before and after we had conversed with one another, +and by those many worthy books set forth by him, +to the advancement of piety and good order, with +some whereof he was pleased to present me, he did +prove himself a man of such discretion and inimitably-sanctified +parts, that an Archangel from heaven +could not have shown more goodness with less +ostentation."<a name="FNanchor_120_120" id="FNanchor_120_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_120_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p> +<p>The years 1652 and 1653 form a period of +astonishing literary activity on the part of our +author, for no fewer than five separate works were +then published by him, two of which were of very +considerable bulk. The motive that had led him to +bring out his two former works—the <i>Epigrams</i> and +<i>The Trissotetras</i>—had been a desire to benefit mankind +and to advance the glory of his native land. +But now he had to consider his own interests, and +to exert himself to promote them. Accordingly, his +present aim was to convince his captors of his extraordinary +merits and gifts, and of the incomparable +glory of that family which he had the honour of +representing.</p> + +<p>In 1652 he issued his ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ; +<i>or, a Peculiar Promptuary of Time</i>, of +which a detailed description is given in Chapter V. +The object of this treatise is to show the Protector +and the English Parliament that the family of the +Urquharts could be traced back, link by link, to +the red earth out of which Adam was made, and to +suggest how lamentable it would be, if the ruling +power extinguished a race which had successfully +resisted the scythe of Time, and was capable of +rendering great services to the State.</p> + +<p>This small treatise was closely followed by a +more important production, upon which Sir Thomas's +fame as an author largely rests—his ΕΚΣΚΥΒΑΛΑΥΡΟΝ; +<i>or, The Discovery of a most Exquisite +Jewel</i>. The title of this work is intended to be an +abbreviation of a Greek phrase—"<i>Gold from a +dunghill</i>"—and contains an allusion to the fact that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> +the first half of it was, in its manuscript form, one +of the bundles of paper which the soldiers treated +with such disrespect after the battle of Worcester, +and which, indeed, was found next day in a kennel +of one of the streets of that city. This book, a +fuller account of which we give later on, consists +of an introduction to a work on a Universal +Language, to which is added a rhapsodical panegyric +on the Scottish nation, and an account of +his fellow-countrymen who had been famous as +scholars or soldiers during the previous fifty +years.</p> + +<p>In the course of the early part of 1652 +Urquhart had in some way excited the suspicions +of the Government, and in the month of May his +papers were seized by the authorities. Nothing +treasonable, however, was found among them, and +probably the harmless character of his pursuits, +which was thus brought to light, made a favourable +impression upon the Council of State. For, a few +weeks later, he was allowed, in answer to a petition +which he presented to the Council, and which was +referred to Cromwell, to return to Scotland to +arrange his private affairs, and to be absent for +five months.<a name="FNanchor_121_121" id="FNanchor_121_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_121_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a> The only condition imposed upon +him was that during this time he should do +nothing to the prejudice of the Commonwealth.</p> + +<p>Sir Thomas Urquhart's creditors had been told<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> +that he had been killed at the battle of Worcester, +and, as he says in his own characteristic way, +"for gladness of the tidings [they] had madified +[moistened] their nolls to some purpose with the +liquor of the grape,"<a name="FNanchor_122_122" id="FNanchor_122_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a> and had possessed themselves +of all his property. When they were assured by +letters from himself that he was still alive, they +claimed payment for debts which had been long +discharged, under the impression that the receipts +had perished along with other papers after the +battle. They even plotted, we are assured, to +arrest our author in London, after he had been +liberated upon parole. By the thoughtful discretion +of a Captain Goodwin, of Colonel Pride's +regiment, the receipts in question had been saved +out of the spoil of Worcester, and Sir Thomas +Urquhart was able to display them to the unjust +creditors. "And when," he says, "they saw that +those their acquittances ... were produced before +them, they then, looking as if their noses had been +ableeding, could not any longer for shame retard +my cancelling of the aforesaid bonds."<a name="FNanchor_123_123" id="FNanchor_123_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a></p> + +<p>In the midst of so many complaints of the +iniquity of creditors, it is gratifying to find Sir +Thomas acknowledging that there was one of that +class who treated him with forbearance and even +with kindness. His thankfulness at discovering +this green oasis in the arid desert in which so much +of his life had been passed, is expressed in his own +characteristic way. "But may," he says, "William +Robertson of Kindeasse, or rather <i>Kindnesse</i> (for so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> +they call this worthy man), for his going contrary +to that stream of wickedness which carryeth head-long +his fellow-creditors to the black sea of un-christian-like +dealing, enjoy a long life in this +world, attended with health, wealth, a hopeful +posterity, and all the happiness conducible to +eternal salvation; and may his children after him, +as heires both of his vertues and means, derive +[transmit] his lands and riches to their sons, to +continue successively in that line from generation +to generation, so long as there is a hill in Scotland, +or that the sea doth ebbe and flow. This hearty +wish of mine, as chief of my kinred [kindred], I +bequeath to all that do and are to carry the name +of Urquhart, and adjure them, by the respect they +owe to the stock whence they are descended, for +my father's love and mine to this man, to do all +manner of good offices to each one that bears the +name of Robertson."<a name="FNanchor_124_124" id="FNanchor_124_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a></p> + +<p>His old enemy, Lesley of Findrassie, endeavoured +in vain to persuade the officers of the English +garrison, then stationed in Urquhart's house at +Cromartie, to arrest him as a prisoner of war, and +keep him in confinement "till he [Lesley] were +contented in all his demands."<a name="FNanchor_125_125" id="FNanchor_125_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a> An attempt +was also made to apprehend him at Elgin; but +he escaped all these machinations, and, after +travelling in safety through many of the principal +towns of Scotland, returned to London within the +specified time, and gave himself up to the Council +of State.</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p> +<p>In the course of the year 1653 Sir Thomas +Urquhart published the last of his original works—his +<i>Logopandecteision</i>, and the translation of the +first two books of Rabelais, in connection with +which his name is best known. The object of the +former of these was to suggest a wonderful scheme +for a universal language, with the idea of being +restored by the Government to the full possession +of his liberty, and of being reinstated in the position +of power and wealth, which he maintained was his +by hereditary right, in order to carry out the +scheme. His hopes and anticipations of success in +this appeal to the English Government were not +daunted by the fact that to do what he required +would need several legislative changes, a reversal of +proceedings in Scottish courts of law, and a substantial +grant from the Treasury. This, after all, +he considered, was a very small price to pay for the +benefits he would thereby confer upon the world. +That the appeal was not successful needs scarcely +be told. Probably in no country in the world, +and at no period in history, could any be found +more likely to turn a deaf ear to such requests, +than such men as Cromwell, Fleetwood, and +Overton. Men like these were too practical, and +of too hard a nature, to be impressed by any such +visionary schemes as those which their prisoner +delighted in constructing.</p> + +<p>A veil of obscurity hangs over the closing years +of our author's life. His last appearance before +the public was in the issuing of the books above +mentioned. The only further record of him is in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> +continuation of the Pedigree of the Urquharts, which +is contained in the Edinburgh edition of his Tracts. +In this we read that "he was confined for several +years in the Tower of London; from whence he made +his escape, and went beyond seas, where he died +suddenly in a fit of excessive laughter, on being +informed by his servant that the King was restored."<a name="FNanchor_126_126" id="FNanchor_126_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_126_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a> +If this account of matters be true, it would seem +that Sir Thomas had forfeited some of those privileges +which he had won so soon after he had +become a State prisoner. It is quite possible that +this was in consequence of having joined in some +Royalist plot against the Commonwealth and for +the restoration of Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span></p> + +<p>In the preface to the second book of Rabelais, +Sir Thomas promises very speedily to translate +the three remaining books of that author, so that +the whole "Pentateuch of Rabelais," as he calls it, +might be in the hands of English readers. But +this design was never completed. The translation +of the third book was found among his papers, +and was published in 1693 by Pierre Antoine +Motteux, but it is probable that the editor himself +had some share in the work as issued to the public.</p> + +<p>Sir Theodore Martin considers that there is a +strong presumption against the truth of the above +account of Sir Thomas's death, in his entire silence +during the long period which elapsed between +the publication of his last work and 1660, the date +of the Restoration of Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span> "Men," he says, +"so deeply smitten with the <i>cacoëthes scribendi</i> as +Urquhart was, do not thus readily cast the pen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> +aside; nor was the lack of a publisher likely to +have stood in the way of his literary career. His +writings, if for no other cause but the number of +his friends, must always have been a safe speculation +for a printer, at a time when printing was +cheap and readers numerous. But the imperfect +state of his translation of Rabelais is perhaps the +best evidence of the inaccuracy of the current belief.... +Motteux says that Urquhart's version 'was +too kindly received not to encourage him to English +the three remaining books, or at least the third, the +fourth and fifth being in a manner distinct, as +being Pantagruel's voyage. Accordingly he translated +the third book, and would have finished the +whole, had not death prevented him.' This bears +hard against the supposition of that event having +occurred upwards of six years after the two first +books had been given to the world. It is probable +that he died much sooner, a victim in all likelihood +to that fiery restlessness of spirit,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">'Which o'er-informs its tenement of clay,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And frets the pigmy body to decay.'"<a name="FNanchor_127_127" id="FNanchor_127_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_127_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a><br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>This conjecture is, however, improbable. A +petition from our author's brother, Sir Alexander +Urquhart, is still in existence, in which he asks for +a new commission of hereditary Sheriffship of +Cromartie to be made out for him, on the ground +of his being the eldest surviving son of the Sir +Thomas Urquhart who died in 1642.<a name="FNanchor_128_128" id="FNanchor_128_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_128_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a> Though +this document is undated, it is assigned by the +editor of the volume of State Papers in which it is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span> +to be found, to August of 1660. If this date +be trustworthy, we may be almost sure that the +traditional statement as to the year of our author's +death is correct.</p> + +<p>The cause of his giving up his literary labours, and +of omitting to carry through the work of translation +on which he had entered, is, of course, unknown to +us. His health, physical or mental, may have become +seriously impaired, or his spirits may have +been too much depressed by the misfortunes that +crowded upon him, to allow him to engage in +literary work. Indeed, the alleged cause of death +from violent agitation of feeling caused by hearing +of the Restoration of Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span>, argues in itself a +previous condition of great physical weakness.</p> + +<p>There seems at first, a certain grotesqueness in +such a fatal exuberance of joy in connexion with +such an event as Charles II. regaining the crown +which his father had lost, and of which in another +generation all of his blood were to be deprived. +But we have to keep in mind that Sir Thomas was +not alone in his folly, if folly it were; for a great +wave of exultation swept over the three kingdoms +at that time. Our author had, like many of his +fellow-Royalists, staked and lost everything he +possessed in the defence of the House of Stuart, and +one can have little difficulty in understanding how +the announcement of the triumph of the cause, +which was so dear to him, should have agitated +him profoundly.<a name="FNanchor_129_129" id="FNanchor_129_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_129_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p> +<p>Sir Alexander Urquhart failed to recover possession +of either the barony or the Sheriffship of +Cromartie, and a year after the supposed date of +his petition, he is said to have ratified his cousin's +rights,<a name="FNanchor_130_130" id="FNanchor_130_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_130_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a> and in 1663 he formally "disponed" the +estate (<i>i.e.</i> his title to it) to Sir John.<a name="FNanchor_131_131" id="FNanchor_131_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a> The new<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> +possessors were, however, as unfortunate as their +immediate predecessors, for in no very long time +they were overwhelmed by distresses like those +which had burdened and embittered the lives of +our author and his father. In 1682 the celebrated +Sir George Mackenzie, whose name, like that of +Queen Mary of England, is usually associated with +an unenviable epithet, as that of a cruel persecutor,<a name="FNanchor_132_132" id="FNanchor_132_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a> +"apprized" the estate from Sir John's<a name="FNanchor_133_133" id="FNanchor_133_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a> son, Jonathan.<a name="FNanchor_134_134" id="FNanchor_134_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_134_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p><p>No one who knows what this means<a name="FNanchor_135_135" id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a> will be surprised +to hear that it soon afterwards passed into +his possession. On his elevation to the peerage +(1685) as Viscount Tarbat, first Earl of Cromartie, +he put his third-born son, Sir Kenneth, into possession +of the estate, with the view of establishing a +branch of his family to be known as the Mackenzies +of Cromartie. This plan was doomed to be defeated, +for Sir Kenneth's son George had no family, and +sold the estate to Captain William Urquhart of +Meldrum in 1741.<a name="FNanchor_136_136" id="FNanchor_136_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_136_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a> The lands were again sold to +Patrick, Lord Elibank,<a name="FNanchor_137_137" id="FNanchor_137_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_137_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a> in 1763, and by him to +George Ross of Pitkerrie, nine years afterwards. +Mr Ross had amassed a large fortune in England +as an army agent,<a name="FNanchor_138_138" id="FNanchor_138_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_138_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a> and part of this he expended in +the purchase of the estate, and in the extensive +improvements which he effected in it. One wishes +he had not thought it desirable to pull down the +picturesque old castle, which had stood on the mote-hill +of Cromartie for three hundred years, and +which had sheltered so many generations of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span> +Urquhart family. Let us now, however, return to +our author.</p> + +<p>In telling the story of Sir Thomas Urquhart's +life, some of his most striking peculiarities have +been displayed and illustrated, so that no one who +has read the foregoing pages is altogether dependent +upon what may now be said for forming an estimate +of his character. His vanity is perhaps the most +striking trait in it; but only a very hard-hearted +moralist would call it a vice in his case, for it is as +artless as it is boundless, and is combined with so +much kindness of heart and generosity of feeling, +that we are more entertained by it than indignant +at it. No one who looks into his works can doubt +the intensity of his patriotism. Indeed, his passionate +longing after personal fame is in all cases +combined with the wish to confer additional glory +upon the land of his birth. His devotion to the +Royalist cause<a name="FNanchor_139_139" id="FNanchor_139_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_139_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a> is of the purest and most heroic +type, and the general tone of his character, as +revealed to us in his books, is elevated and noble. +At the same time there is an element of the +grotesque in it, so that in his disinterested and +chivalrous disposition he reminds us of Don Quixote,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span><a name="FNanchor_140_140" id="FNanchor_140_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_140_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a> +while in his frequent allusions to struggles with +pecuniary difficulties, as well as in his use of +magniloquent language, he distinctly recalls Wilkins +Micawber. A lively fancy, a strain of genuine +erudition beneath his pedantry, and some sparks of +insanity, are other elements in his fantastical character. +Only a mind like his own could trace the +maze of its windings and turnings, and fathom +the depths of its eccentricity. In his thoughts +"truth is constantly becoming interfused with +fiction, possibility with certainty, and the hyperbolical +extravagance of his style only keeps even +pace with the prolific shootings of his imagination."<a name="FNanchor_141_141" id="FNanchor_141_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_141_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a></p> + +<p>It is perhaps expected that one should, in a +measure, apologize for the eccentricities of Urquhart's +character and literary style, by explaining that he was +a humourist. But, unfortunately, humour is a quality +in which Urquhart was lacking, unless we understand +by the word mere fantastical quaintness of thought +and speech. In one passage of his works he speaks +with contempt of "shallow-brained humourists,"<a name="FNanchor_142_142" id="FNanchor_142_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_142_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a> +and we should wrong his ghost by putting him +among those whom he abhorred. Not a single trace +of that subtle, graceful play of fancy and of feeling +which enters into our conception of humour is to be +found in his works.<a name="FNanchor_143_143" id="FNanchor_143_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_143_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a> His readers may smile as they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> +turn over his pages, but he is always in deadly earnest. +The quality of wit he occasionally manifests in the +form of keen sarcasm, when he gives full vent to +his feelings of scorn and contempt; as when, for +example, he describes those who went out to fight, +"but did not hazard their precious persons, lest +they should seem to trust to the arm of flesh."<a name="FNanchor_144_144" id="FNanchor_144_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_144_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a></p> + +<p>He can never give a simple statement of matters +of fact. Thus in his account of the Admirable +Crichton, instead of saying that the rector of the +university addressed a few complimentary sentences +to Crichton, and that the latter replied in the same +vein, he says: "In complements after this manner, +<i>ultro citroque habitis</i>, tossed to and again, retorted, +contrerisposted, backreverted, and now and then +graced with a quip or a clinch for the better relish +of the ear, being unwilling in this kind of straining +curtesie to yeeld to other, they spent a full half-hour +and more."<a name="FNanchor_145_145" id="FNanchor_145_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_145_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a> Everything must be dressed up +"with divers quaint and pertinent similes" before it +is fit to be introduced to the reader's notice. To +quote again from the most accomplished literary critic +who has written upon him: "History, philosophy, +science, literature are ransacked for illustrations of +the commonest subject. His fancy is ever on the +alert, and you are constantly surprised by some +incongruous image, begotten in its wanton dalliance<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span> +with knowledge the most heterogeneous. He +has always an eye to effect. His own learning +must be brought into play, rhetorical tropes must +flourish through his periods, 'suggesting to our +minds two several things at once,' and, of course, as +diverse as possible, that 'the spirits of such as are +studious in learning may be filled with a most +wonderful delight.'"<a name="FNanchor_146_146" id="FNanchor_146_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_146_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a> His style reacts upon and +controls his thoughts, and often carries him, as +Ariosto's Hippogriff carried Astolfo, up into the +skies, whither those are unable to follow him who +are mounted on humbler animals, or have no other +means than those with which they were born for +plodding along the dusty roads of earth.</p> + +<p>If we can trust the two engraved portraits of +Sir Thomas Urquhart which have come down to us, +he was a man of handsome presence, and accustomed +to deck himself in all the splendour of costume to +which so many of his brother-cavaliers were +addicted. George Glover, the famous engraver, +drew both the portraits of him which are extant. +One of these appears as a frontispiece to the +<i>Epigrams</i> and to the <i>Trissotetras</i>. It is a small +whole-length, and represents Sir Thomas in rich +dress,<a name="FNanchor_147_147" id="FNanchor_147_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_147_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a> holding out his hand to receive from some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span> +allegorical personage a laurel wreath "for Armes +and Artes."<a name="FNanchor_148_148" id="FNanchor_148_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_148_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a> On a table beside him are his hat +and embroidered cloak. In the vacant spaces on +each side of the upper part of the figure are his +name and titles: "S^r Thomas Urchard, Knight, of +Bray and Udol, etc., Baron of Ficherie and Clohorby, +etc., Laird Baron of Cromartie and Heritable Sheriff +thereof, etc." The portrait is described as taken +from the life, and engraved in 1641;<a name="FNanchor_149_149" id="FNanchor_149_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_149_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a> and beneath +it is a couplet by W. S., as follows:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Of him whose shape this Picture hath design'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vertue and learning represent the Mind."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Who W. S. was we do not know. The date forbids +our identifying him with the Bard of Avon. He +was probably one of those mysterious personages, +who were always at hand to write epistles of commendation +to works by Sir Thomas, and to testify +on their "book-oath" to his gifts and graces.</p> + +<p>The second engraved portrait is of great rarity, +and only one impression of it is known to be in +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>existence. It was probably meant to be a frontispiece +to the unpublished volume of Epigrams +described on p. 116, the title of which was to have +been <i>Apollo and the Muses</i>, but which never found +its way into print. In this engraving Sir Thomas +is depicted as seated with great complacency upon +Mount Parnassus, in the midst of the Muses, seven +of whom are pressing upon his attention wreaths of +laurel of which he is worthy, "for Judgment, Learning, +witt, Invention, sweetness, stile." At his feet +is the sacred fountain of Castalia or Hippocrene, +into the waters of which the other two Muses are +sportively dipping "sprinklers" or asperges. One +of them seems inclined to give Sir Thomas a +sprinkling, but refrains, either because it was +unnecessary or for fear of spoiling his nice clothes. +In the background, the winged horse Pegasus is +flying sufficiently low down to allow a woman to +pluck a couple of feathers from his wings.<a name="FNanchor_150_150" id="FNanchor_150_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_150_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a> These<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span> +are no doubt intended to provide pens for Sir +Thomas's next literary undertaking. In the further +distance are several feathered creatures, which are +probably meant for poetical swans, but which bear +a painful likeness to prosaic geese. At the foot of +the picture in one corner we have Apollo, playing on +his lyre; and on the ground in front are a half-starved +dragon and a snake, writhing in impotent +rage, as they witness the triumph of Sir Thomas. +We can hardly be mistaken in concluding that +these last are symbolical representations of envious +and carping critics.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 320px;"> +<img src="images/image004.jpg" width="320" height="475" alt="The Poet surrounded by the Muses." title="" /> +<span class="caption">The Poet surrounded by the Muses.</span> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> <i>Antiquarian Notes</i>, by C. Fraser-Mackintosh, p. 156.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> <i>Antiquarian Notes</i>, pp. 155-158; <i>History of the Clan Mackenzie</i>, +by Alex. Mackenzie.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> The enactment in question runs as follows:—"It being +thought expedient by the said Committee that the house of +Cromartie be put in a posture of defence, and that for the doing +thereof it is requisite some faill [turf] be cast and led, the said +Committee ordains all Sir James Fraser's tenants within the +parochins [parishes] of Cromartie and Cullicudden, together with +those of the Laird of Findrassie, within the parochin of Rosemarkie, +to afford from six hours in the morning to six hours at night, one +horse out of every oxengait [= about 13 Scotch acres] daily +for the space of four days to lead the same faill to the house of +Cromartie." Of this enemy, Sir James Fraser, our author remarked +at a later time with regrettable bitterness, that he knew +only one good thing about him, and that was that he was dead.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> <i>Acts of the Parliament of Scotland</i>, vi. 392.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> <i>General Assembly Commission Records</i>, 1648-49, p. 220.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> <i>General Assembly Commission Records</i>, 1648-49, pp. 249, 250.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> <i>General Assembly Commission Records</i>, 1648-49, pp. 252-262.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> Strangely enough, in Hope's <i>Anastasius</i>, a Tatar messenger +travelling through Asia Minor to Constantinople is described as +acting in the same insolent manner. "He would not," says +Anastasius, "even after the daintiest meal in the world, forego the +douceur he expected for what he used to call the wear and tear of +his teeth" (ii. 320).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_105_105" id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> An account of the battle is given in a letter addressed by the +victorious generals, Ker, Halket, and Strachan, to the Moderator of +the Commission of Assembly, dated 9th May, 1649. In it they +say: "We were in Innernes vpon Sunday at night, when we +received intelligence that the enemie were come from Torespay to +Balvine, presently to discusse ws (<i>sic</i>). We could not hear from +the Livetennent-Generall [Lesley], and the enemy was making +himselfe strong in many severall quarters in [the] countrie. We +conceived it better to suppresse nor [than] to be suppressed. We +in our weak maner beged the Lords direction, that His blissing +might wait His owne and our labours, and, with great freedome +concluded to march with all expedition to Torispay, intelligence +having come certaine that they were lyeing in Balveine at a wood, +where we engaged with them; and there the Lord delivered them +vnto our hands. We were not abone six score fighting horsemen +and tuelfe muskiteires. We had some more, but they were +wearied. We have at this tyme about 800 prisoners, betuixt +3 or 4 scoir killed, and tuo or thrie hundred fled. My Lord +Rae and all the officers are, according to the capitulatioun, +prisoners; the rest are to be conveyed to their countrey, after we +receive order from the publick; and therefore we shall expect such +further directions from you as you shall thinke fit, for securing +and obliging, by oath, such as shall returne to their countrey" +(<i>General Assembly Commission Records</i>, 1618-49, p. 263). There is a +genuine Cromwellian ring about the phrases "beged the Lord's +direction," and "the Lord delivered them vnto our hands," which +we cannot help admiring; and there is a beauty of its own in the +phrase "with great freedome" in the connection in which it +stands.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> Wardlaw MS.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_107_107" id="Footnote_107_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_107"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> The Commission of the General Assembly is each year +nominated by that body, and is responsible to it, and is empowered +to dispose of all items of business remitted to it, and to act in the +interests of the Church during the months between the meeting of +the Assembly which nominated them, and that to which they +report their proceedings. They are authorised to meet on certain +specific days, and oftener, when and where they think fit. The +next General Assembly may reverse their sentences, if they have +exceeded their powers, or have acted in any way which is considered +prejudicial to the interests of the Church.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_108_108" id="Footnote_108_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108_108"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> <i>General Assembly Records</i>, 1648-49, p. 264.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_109_109" id="Footnote_109_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_109"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> <i>General Assembly Records</i>, 1648-49, p. 270. The instructions +given to the Commissioners suggest the process known to us in +modern times as "rubbing it in" (the phrase is a technical one).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_110_110" id="Footnote_110_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110_110"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> In March of the following year, 1650, occurred the descent of +Montrose on the north of Scotland, which ended so disastrously +for him. After spending a few weeks in the Orkneys, where he +collected a few recruits, he landed in Caithness, and proceeded +into Sutherland, where he suffered a crushing defeat at the hands +of Strachan and Halket, the generals who had successfully +suppressed the insurrection in the north in the previous year. +Montrose was taken prisoner, and was executed in Edinburgh, on +Tuesday, 21st May, 1650.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_111_111" id="Footnote_111_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111_111"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> Baillie's <i>Letters</i> (Edinburgh, 1841), ii. 84.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_112_112" id="Footnote_112_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112_112"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> Robert Douglas (1594-1674) had been chaplain to a brigade of +Scottish auxiliaries, sent with the connivance of Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span> to the +aid of Gustavus Adolphus, in the Thirty Years' War. He was +minister of the second charge of the High Church, Edinburgh, +and then of the Tolbooth Church, and was five times Moderator +of the General Assembly (1642, 1645, 1647, 1649, and 1651). +Wodrow says, "He was a great man for both great wit, and grace, +and more than ordinary boldness and authority and awful +majesty appearing in his very carriage and countenance." Burnet +affirms that he had "much wisdom and thoughtfulness, but was +very silent and of vast pride" (<i>Dictionary of Nat. Biog.</i> xv. 347).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_113_113" id="Footnote_113_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113_113"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 279.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_114_114" id="Footnote_114_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_114"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> Carlyle's <i>Oliver Cromwell</i>, iii. 148.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_115_115" id="Footnote_115_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_115_115"><span class="label">[115]</span></a> Carlyle's <i>Oliver Cromwell</i>, iii. 154.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_116_116" id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 408.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_117_117" id="Footnote_117_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117_117"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> <i>Cal. State Papers, Dom.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_118_118" id="Footnote_118_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118_118"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_119_119" id="Footnote_119_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_119"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 408.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_120_120" id="Footnote_120_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120_120"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 419. Roger Williams (c. 1600-c. 1684) was himself +a remarkable man. He was a native of Wales, was educated at +Oxford, and entered into holy orders; but his aversion to the +government and discipline of the Church of England led him to +seek for greater freedom in America. He was a strenuous asserter +of religious toleration at a time when it was little understood and +less practised anywhere. His liberty of thinking and speaking led +to his being banished from Massachusetts; and, thereupon, he purchased +a tract of land from the Indians, and founded a settlement, +which he named Providence. At the time when he generously +interceded in favour of Sir Thomas Urquhart, he was residing in +London as the agent of the new settlement, of which he was afterwards +chosen president. He was on intimate terms with Cromwell, +Milton, and other leading Puritans, and consequently would be in +a position to render great service to his friend Urquhart.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_121_121" id="Footnote_121_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_121"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> The leave granted was for five months from the 14th of July, +1652. Before the expiration of this time, Sir Thomas asked for +liberty to stay for six weeks longer in Scotland, and this was +granted (<i>Acts of Parliament</i>, vol. vi. pt. 2, p. 748<i>b</i>).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_122_122" id="Footnote_122_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122_122"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 377.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_123_123" id="Footnote_123_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_123"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 378.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_124_124" id="Footnote_124_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124_124"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 384.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_125_125" id="Footnote_125_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_125"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 380.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_126_126" id="Footnote_126_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_126"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> P. 37.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_127_127" id="Footnote_127_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127_127"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> <i>Rabelais</i>, p. xiv.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_128_128" id="Footnote_128_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128_128"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> <i>Cal. State Papers, Domestic</i>, 1660-61, p. 237.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_129_129" id="Footnote_129_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129_129"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> In the preface to a new translation of Rabelais by W. F. Smith, +Esq., Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, some doubt is cast +upon the above narrative of Sir Thomas's death. Mr Smith +remarks, "This looks something like an imitation of Rabelais in +his account of the death of Philemon." The reference is to the +following passages in Rabelais, who alludes to the story no fewer +than three times. In Book i. 10, we read: "Just so the heart +with excessive joy is inwardly dilated, and suffereth a manifest +resolution of the vital spirits, which may go so farre on, that it +may thereby be deprived of its nourishment, and by consequence +of life itself, by this Pericharie or extremity of gladnesse, as Galen +saith ... and as it hath come to passe in former times ... to +Philemon and others, who died with joy." In chap. xx. some +more particulars are given of the case: "As Philemon, who, for +seeing an asse eate those figs, which were provided for his own +dinner, died with force of laughing." But in Book iv. 17, we are +told the whole story: "[Neither ought you to wonder at] the +death of Philomenes, whose servant, having got him some new +figs for the first course of his dinner, whilst he went to fetch wine, +a straggling ... ass got into the house, and, seeing the figs on +the table, without further invitation, soberly fell to. Philomenes +coming into the room, and nicely observing with what gravity the +ass eat its dinner, said to his man, who was come back, 'Since +thou hast set figs here for this reverend guest of ours to eat, +methinks it is but reason thou also give him some of this wine to +drink.' He had no sooner said this, but he was so excessively +pleased, and fell into so exorbitant a fit of laughter, that the use +of his spleen took that of his breath utterly away, and he immediately +died." The story is taken from Lucian (μακροβιυι, c. 25) +or from Valerius Maximus (ix. 12), in which in the Paris folio +edition (1517) the name is given as Philomenes. There is undoubtedly +a resemblance between the account of Philemon's death +and that of our author, but we think it can only be accidental. +The editor of the Edinburgh edition of the Tracts is, as I have +said, our only authority for the story of Urquhart's death; but +there is no adequate reason for doubting it. He seems to have +been well versed in the history of the Urquhart family, which he +brings up to date, and must have derived his information from +some members of it. It would be strange if in little more than a +century after our author's death, an utterly mythical account of it +should have sprung up and found a place among the details of +family history. According to Lowndes's <i>Bibliographer's Manual</i>, +the editor of the volume was David Herd, the well-known +antiquary. If this statement be correct, we have all the more +reason to rely upon the supplementary information the volume +contains, as Herd's acquaintance with Scottish history and biography +was very extensive and accurate. In one of the <i>Notes +Ambrosianæ</i> (<i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>, September, 1832), a highly +extravagant version is given of Urquhart's death. It is intended +to be humorous, but is merely flat and silly. Only those can +smile at it who have been trained up to believe that the <i>Notes</i> +contain exquisite humour, and who have, therefore, been accustomed +to welcome passages from it as mirth-inspiring. The statement +made in this mention of Urquhart, that his death was caused +by excessive alcoholic celebration of the happy event of the +Restoration, is utterly baseless and offensive; and it is a pity that in +Allibone's <i>Dictionary</i> and in the <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i> +this article in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i> should be referred to as one of +the sources of information concerning Urquhart. The author of +it had not access to any other account of Sir Thomas's death than +that given in the above-mentioned edition of the Tracts.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_130_130" id="Footnote_130_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130_130"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> <i>Acts of Parliament</i>, vii. 70.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_131_131" id="Footnote_131_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131_131"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> <i>Inverness Sasines.</i> The date when Sir Alexander Urquhart +received knighthood seems to be approximately fixed by the fact +that in a grant under the Privy Seal of 5th March, 1661, he is called +Alexander, and in a notice of him of the 29th of the same month +and year he appears as Sir Alexander (<i>Acts of Parliament</i>, vii. 93). +From the fact that in this year the succession to the estates and +hereditary Sheriffship of Cromartie were entered upon by his cousin +Sir John Urquhart of Craigfintray, it was taken for granted by the +editor of the Tracts (Edinburgh, 1774) that Sir Alexander had died. +This error is repeated by Hugh Miller, and by most of those who +have made any reference to him. He was still alive in 1667, for +during that year he sold his salmon fishings in Over-rak and the +King's Water to John Gordon (see also <i>Acts of Parliament</i>, vii. 537). +He is spoken of as <i>quondam</i> in a charter of certain lands which had +belonged to him, 19th June, 1668. His cousin, Sir John Urquhart, +received knighthood about the same time; at least he appears in +Parliament as Sir John, 1st January, 1661 (<i>Acts of Parliament</i>, vii. 4).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_132_132" id="Footnote_132_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132_132"><span class="label">[132]</span></a> "There was the Bluidy Advocate Mackenyie, who, for his +worldly wit and wisdom, had been to the rest as a god" ("Wandering +Willie's Tale" <i>Redgauntlet</i>, chap. xi.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_133_133" id="Footnote_133_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133_133"><span class="label">[133]</span></a> There is said to have been some tragedy in connection with +the death of this Sir John Urquhart. According to Wodrow, as +quoted by Hugh Miller, after having posed as an ultra-Presbyterian, +he became the friend and counsellor of the Earl of Middleton, +Charles II.'s Commissioner for Scotland, under whom Presbyterianism +was overturned and Episcopacy set up in its place (1661). +Tradition says that "about eleven years after the passing of the +Act, he fell into a deep melancholy, and destroyed himself with +his own sword in one of the apartments of the old castle. The +sword, it is said, was flung into a neighbouring draw-well by one +of the domestics, and the stain left by his blood on the walls and +floor of the apartment was distinctly visible at the time the +building was pulled down" (<i>Scenes and Legends of the North of +Scotland</i>, p. 111). Tradition is wrong, however, in saying eleven +years after 1661; for on August 7th, 1677, Sir John, along with +others, received a commission "for putting the laws against conventicles +and other disorders into execution" (<i>Wodrow</i>, ii. p. 366).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_134_134" id="Footnote_134_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_134"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> On the death of Jonathan's son, Colonel James Urquhart, in +1741, the shadowy honour of the headship of the family passed to +the Urquharts of Meldrum, who were descended from the Tutor of +Cromartie by a third marriage with Elizabeth Seton, only daughter +of Alexander Seton of Meldrum, and ultimately heiress of that +estate. The last male representative of this line was Major +Beauchamp Colclough Urquhart, who closed a promising career by +a heroic death at the battle of Atbara, in the Sudan, on 8th April, +1898. His sister, Isabel Annie, is wife of Garden Alexander Duff, +Esq., Hatton Castle, Turriff.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_135_135" id="Footnote_135_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_135"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> See p. 58.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136_136" id="Footnote_136_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136_136"><span class="label">[136]</span></a> Pococke, in his <i>Tour through Scotland</i> (1761), says of the castle +of Cromartie: "It has fallen into the hands of one Mr Urquhart, +who had commanded a Spanish Gally, and died a Convert to +Popery; which slip his son, now eighteen years old, has in some +degree recovered, by conforming to the Church of England" +(p. 176; <i>Scottish History Society</i>).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_137_137" id="Footnote_137_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137_137"><span class="label">[137]</span></a> In the old Statistical Account of Cromartie, and in the preface +to the Maitland Club edition of Urquhart's Works, the estate is +said to have passed into the hands of Sir William Pulteney.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_138_138" id="Footnote_138_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138_138"><span class="label">[138]</span></a> Mr Ross is mentioned in the <i>Letters</i> of Junius (see those of +29th November and 12th December, 1769). He was succeeded by +his nephew, from whom the present proprietor of Cromartie, +Major Walter Charteris Ross, is descended.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_139_139" id="Footnote_139_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139_139"><span class="label">[139]</span></a> Our Sir Thomas's memory should be cherished by defenders of +the name and fame of Mary Queen of Scots, for he goes so far as +to say that "ignorance, together with hypocrisie, usury, oppression, +and iniquity, took root in these parts [Scotland], when uprightness, +plain-dealing, and charity, with Astrœa, took their flight +with Queen Mary of Scotland into England." Probably few of her +admirers would be so daring as to assert this, though many of +them doubtless would be glad to hear the assertion made.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_140_140" id="Footnote_140_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140_140"><span class="label">[140]</span></a> We take the liberty of extracting those few sentences from the +letter of a friend, who has taken great interest in the execution of +this work;—"Sir Thomas would have been an original character in +almost any surroundings—a kind of literary Quixote, with what +may be called a 'parenthetical' genius, branching off at every +comma into the fresh images furnished by a teeming imagination. +He was more than a translator of Rabelais—he seems to have been +a kind of Rabelais himself."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_141_141" id="Footnote_141_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141_141"><span class="label">[141]</span></a> Sir Theodore Martin, <i>Rabelais</i>, p. xix.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_142_142" id="Footnote_142_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142_142"><span class="label">[142]</span></a> See p. 28.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_143_143" id="Footnote_143_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143_143"><span class="label">[143]</span></a> A different opinion is expressed in the preface to W. Harrison +Ainsworth's capital novel of <i>Crichton</i>. "Sir Thomas," he says, +"is a joyous spirit—a right Pantagruelist; and if he occasionally +</p><p><br /> +'Projicit ampullas et sesquipedalia verba,'<br /> +</p> +<p> +he has an exuberance of wit and playfulness of fancy that amply +redeem his tendency to fanfaronade." Our readers have abundance +of material before them for coming to a decision upon this question.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_144_144" id="Footnote_144_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144_144"><span class="label">[144]</span></a> See p. 85.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_145_145" id="Footnote_145_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145_145"><span class="label">[145]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 226.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_146_146" id="Footnote_146_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146_146"><span class="label">[146]</span></a> Sir Theodore Martin, <i>Rabelais</i>, p. xx.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_147_147" id="Footnote_147_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147_147"><span class="label">[147]</span></a> In Granger's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i> (1779), this portrait is +described erroneously, as Sir Thomas Urquhart is said in it to be +dressed in armour. Probably the description was given from memory. +In the second volume of Bohn's edition of <i>Rabelais</i>, the frontispiece +is a half-length portrait of the translator, evidently reproduced +from the above. The effect, however, is highly disagreeable, +and the likeness must have produced an unfavourable opinion of +our author in the minds of most of those who have looked +upon it.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_148_148" id="Footnote_148_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_148"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> In this engraving, which is our frontispiece, the Greek inscription +runs thus: τοις σε πεμψασιυ και προστατασιυ ειχαριστω, and +means, "<i>I thank those who sent you and gave the order</i>." These +words are, of course, addressed to the messenger who has been +commissioned by the Muses to convey the wreath to Sir Thomas. +Above the wreath itself is an obscure phrase—Mουσαρυ[μ] στόλοϛ—which +is evidently a mixture of Latin and Greek, musarum στολοϛ +(=ἀπόστολοϛ?), "<i>messenger of the muses</i>." It may, however, be +that στολος is to be taken as "<i>equipment</i>" or "<i>decoration</i>," as +referring to the wreath. The courage with which Greek and Latin +forms are mixed up, and an old word despatched on its way with a +new meaning, of which this brief phrase gives evidence, is highly +characteristic of Cromartian Greek. For further illustration of +the peculiarities of this local variety or Hellenic speech, see p. 149.</p></div> + + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_149_149" id="Footnote_149_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_149"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> Sir Thomas, therefore, claims by anticipation the titles of Baron +and Sheriff, which were afterwards to be his.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_150_150" id="Footnote_150_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150_150"><span class="label">[150]</span></a> This use of the quills is referred to in the following passage in +Sir Thomas Urquhart's <i>Epigrams</i> (MS.):— +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"The Invocation to Clio.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Book 2.<br /></span> +<p><br /></p> +<span class="i0">Wench wholly martial, to whose inspiration<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The Colophonian Pöet ow'd his skill:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Let my verse merit no Lesse estimation,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then [than] if the point of a Pegasid quill,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Dip'd in the sacred fontain Caballine,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Character'd the Impression of each Line."<br /></span> +</div></div> +<p> +The "Colophonian Poet" is—"not to put too fine a point upon it"—Homer, +who, according to some, was born at Colophos, in Asia +Minor. The phrase "Pegasid quill" in this passage strengthens +our opinion that this second portrait of Sir Thomas, which we give +here, was intended to be a frontispiece to a second volume of +poems. The similarity of diction between this "Invocation" and +the speeches of Ancient Pistol is very great.</p></div> + + +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></p> +<h1>CHAPTER IV</h1> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Epigrams: Divine and Moral, and The +Trissotetras</span> +</p> + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/i.jpg" width="90" height="116" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p>N 1641, Sir Thomas Urquhart published +his first work—a volume of poems, entitled +"<span class="smcap">Epigrams: Divine and Moral</span>,"<a name="FNanchor_151_151" id="FNanchor_151_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_151_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a> +and dedicated to the Marquis of Hamilton. +The poems are divided into three +books, two of which contain forty-five +epigrams, while the third contains forty-four. Most +of them are in iambic pentameters, and are for the +greater part sextets in form; but though the versification +is occasionally smooth, these compositions +do little credit to the Muse who inspired them. +They are, without an exception, pointless; and an +epigram without a point is about as useless +and exasperating as a needle without one.<a name="FNanchor_152_152" id="FNanchor_152_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> It is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span> +somewhat remarkable that in his prose compositions +the imagination of Sir Thomas seems quite unfettered, +while in his poems it is under some such +restraining influence as a strait-waistcoat is said +to exercise upon a certain class of patients.</p> + +<p>A wild legend, the origin of which is unknown, +but which is utterly baseless, asserts that Urquhart +"was laureated poet at Paris before he was three +and twenty years of age."<a name="FNanchor_153_153" id="FNanchor_153_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_153_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a> We could hardly +conceive of any responsible authorities being so far +"left to themselves" as to do a deed like this. The +story may be either the misapplication to Urquhart +of some vague tradition of one of the feats of his +hero, the Admirable Crichton, or of what he himself +has actually recorded of the poet, Arthur Johnston.<a name="FNanchor_154_154" id="FNanchor_154_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_154_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a></p> + +<p>A modern critic, who has given Urquhart a full +measure of praise, finds himself unable to say a +word in favour of his poems. "This slender +volume," he remarks, "gives not the slightest +promise of talent. Its stanzas are indistinguished +and indistinguishable. There is no reason why anyone +should have written them, but, on the other +hand, there is no reason why anyone should not. +They express the usual commonplaces: the inevitableness +of death, and the worth of endeavour. A +mildly Horatian sentiment is dressed up in the +tattered rags of Shakespearianism, and the surprise +is that the author, whose prose is restrained by no +consideration of sound or sense, should have deemed +it worth while to print so tame a collection of +exercises."<a name="FNanchor_155_155" id="FNanchor_155_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p> +<p>A favourable specimen of the <i>Epigrams</i> is the +following from the first book:—</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">How Difficult a Thing it is to tread in the Pathes +of Vertue.</span></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"The way to vertue's hard, uneasie, bends<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Aloft, being full of steep and rugged alleys;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For never one to a higher place ascends,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That always keeps the plaine, and pleasant valleyes:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And reason in each human breast ordaines<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That precious things be purchased with paines."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Or take this from the opposite page:—</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">When a true Friend may be best knowne.</span></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"As the glow-worme shines brightest in the darke<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And frankincense smells sweetest in the fire;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So crosse adventures make us best remarke<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A sincere friend from a dissembled lyer;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For some, being friends to our prosperity,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And not to us, when it failes, they decay."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The fault of obscurity, of which the poet +Browning has been accused, could not be laid to +the charge of Sir Thomas Urquhart. Nor can it +be said of him that he neglects truths that are +obvious, and occupies himself in discovering and +bringing forward those that are recondite. The +sentiments to which he gives utterance seem those +which spontaneously occur to the average mind; +on reading the subject of the poem, as given in the +title, and then the poem itself, we think</p> + +<p> +"A said whot a owt to 'a said,"<br /> +</p> + +<p>and we come away without any feverish mental +agitation or accelerated movement of pulse.<a name="FNanchor_156_156" id="FNanchor_156_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span></p><p>The sentiments which, from his own account, +had, on more occasions than one, filled his mind, +are expressed in the piece entitled "<span class="smcap">The generous +Speech of a Noble Cavallier After he had +disarmed his Adversary at the Single Combat</span>." +They are as follows:—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Though with my raper, for the guerdon<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Your fault deserveth, I may pierce ye,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Your penitence in craving pardon,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Transpassions my revenge in mercy;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And wills me both to end this present strife,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And give you leave in peace t' enjoy your life."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Another Epigram, which one critic regards as +Urquhart's <i>chef d'œuvre</i> in this kind of composition. +is the following:—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Take <i>man</i> from <i>woman</i>, all that she can show<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of her own proper, is nought else but <i>wo</i>."<a name="FNanchor_157_157" id="FNanchor_157_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a><br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>In a letter of commendation prefixed to his next +work, <i>The Trissotetras</i>, Sir Thomas Urquhart says of +himself: "This Mathematicall tractate doth no lesse +bespeak him a good Poet and Orator, then [than] +by his elaboured poems he hath showne himselfe +already a good Philosopher and Mathematician." +This self-criticism is all that could be desired. A<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> +work on mathematics that proves an author's +possession of poetical and rhetorical gifts, and a +volume of poetry which leads one to think that +the singer is an accomplished mathematician, are +gifts with which the world is but seldom favoured, +and as it is likely that their merits will not +instantly be observed, the zeal of the author in +calling our attention to them is by no means +unnecessary. But when he goes on to say, still +speaking of himself in the third person, "The Muses +never yet inspired sublimer conceptions in a more +refined stile then [than] is to be found in the accurate +strain of his most ingenious Epigrams," we feel +that he is less felicitous. His first shot has hit the +blank, but the second is wide of the target altogether.</p> + +<p>In his dedication of the volume to "the Marquis +of Hamilton, Earle of Arren and Cambridge, etc.," +he describes its contents as "but flashes of wit." A +modern reader will probably, however, be inclined +to think that this modest opinion of them is far too +flattering. At times there is a faint suggestion of a +possible gleam of brightness, but this is instantly +followed by Egyptian darkness, and one is reminded +of a revolving light that has somehow gone wrong.</p> + +<p>The volume closes with the somewhat liturgical +formula, "Here end the first three Bookes of Sir +Thomas Vrchard's Epigrams," and with a doxology, +the latter being almost the only trace of matter in +it to justify the use of "Divine" in the title. The +author was evidently prepared to go on with more +"bookes" of the kind, if he got any encouragement +from publishers or public, but, probably, both +thought it about time for him to stop. The fact<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> +that, in five years after this volume of poems had +appeared, a second edition should apparently have +been brought out, would seem at first to indicate +that there must have been some little run upon the +<i>Epigrams</i>. But the truth of the matter is, that one +"William Leake" had evidently got the "remainder," +and issued them in 1646 with a new title-page.</p> + +<p>In the Introductory Notice to Sir Theodore +Martin's edition of Rabelais, some information is +given concerning a folio volume of unpublished +Epigrams by Urquhart, which is still in existence.<a name="FNanchor_158_158" id="FNanchor_158_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_158_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a> +It consists of ten books, called after Apollo and +the Muses, each containing 110 Epigrams, except +the last, which has 113. The MS. is dedicated to +the Marquis of Hamilton; but, in addition to this, +each book has a separate dedication to some one of +the author's political associates or friends. The +persons thus honoured are the Marquis of Huntly, +the Earl of Arundel, the Earl of Northumberland, +the Earl of Pembroke, the Earl of Dorset, the +Earl of Holland, the Earl of Newcastle, the Earl of +Stafford, Lord Craven, and Lord Gaurin (Gowran). +According to the custom of that time, the reader +finds his progress barred by several prefaces, +respectively named, in this instance, as the +"Isagoge," or "Introduction," the "Premonition," +and the "Prolog," and cannot get away without a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span> +"Corollarie," an "Animadversion," several extra +leaves of verses, "A Table for the more easie finding +out of such Epigrams as treat of one subject," +an "Index," and a "List of proper names." +For one of these latter he has reason to be grateful +to Sir Thomas, for the "Index" is a glossary of +"the harshest and most difficult words contained in +the preceding Epigrams."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 640px;"> +<img src="images/handwritingjpg.jpg" width="640" height="714" alt="Fac-simile of Sir Thomas Urquhart's handwriting considerably reduced." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fac-simile of Sir Thomas Urquhart's handwriting considerably reduced.</span> +</div> + +<p>The general character of the unpublished +Epigrams does not seem to be higher than that of +those which have seen the light of day, and +consequently there is little likelihood of any anxiety +being expressed by the general public for a sight +of them. Some of them also are of a sportive +turn, and are more in accordance with the standard +of taste and manners which prevailed in the middle +of the seventeenth century than with that, of our +own day. From the "Animadversion" it seems +that Urquhart "contryved, blocked, and digested +these eleven hundred epigrams in a thirteen weeks +tyme." This surely breaks the record in the +matter of speed in producing epigrams. Had the +results been better, one would have had more pleasure +in supporting Sir Thomas against all-comers.</p> + +<p>The second literary venture made by Sir Thomas +Urquhart was the publication of a scientific work, +entitled "<span class="smcap">The Trissotetras</span>"<a name="FNanchor_159_159" id="FNanchor_159_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_159_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a>—a treatise which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> +professed to simplify trigonometry. Yet, notwithstanding +the statement on the title-page that the +new method of working problems in that department +of mathematical science would be found invaluable +by soldiers, sailors, architects, astronomers, +and others, the volume seems to have dropped at +once into the depths of oblivion, without even +having produced a ripple upon the surface of the +waters. No one is known to have read it or to +have been able to read it. Lord Bacon, indeed, +says that things solid and weighty are drowned in +the river of time, while things that are light and +blown-up are carried down by its current.<a name="FNanchor_160_160" id="FNanchor_160_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_160_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a> A very +comfortable theory would this be for those of us +who write books that are found unreadable and +drop at once out of notice, if only some trustworthy +person could be found who would certify to the +truth of Lord Bacon's assertion.</p> + +<p>The editor of the Maitland Club edition of Sir +Thomas Urquhart's Works has some qualms of +conscience about reprinting this treatise. With a +touch of humour, which only true Philistines will +fully appreciate, he says that some apology may<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> +appear necessary, <i>even to an Antiquarian Club</i>,<a name="FNanchor_161_161" id="FNanchor_161_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a> for +reprinting a work apparently so unintelligible and +useless; and accordingly he shelters himself behind +the opinion of Mr Wallace, the Professor of Mathematics +in the University of Edinburgh at that time +(1834). "I have," says Mr Wallace, who had been +asked to examine the work, "looked at Sir Thomas +Urquhart's <i>Trissotetras</i>, but I hardly know what to +think of it. The book is not absolute nonsense, but +is written in a most unintelligible way,<a name="FNanchor_162_162" id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a> and so as +never book was written before nor since. On this +account it is truly a literary curiosity. There +appears to have been a perverted ingenuity exercised +in writing it, and I imagine that, with some +patience, the author's plan might be understood, +but I doubt if any man would take the trouble; for, +after he had overcome the difficulty, there is nothing +to reward his labour. I presume the object of the +author was to fix the rules of Trigonometry in the +memory, but no writer since his time has adopted +his invention. Indeed, I do not observe the least +mention of his book in the history of mathematical +science. Yet, for his time, he seems not to have +been a bad mathematician. Urquhart speaks in +terms of great praise of Napier, yet not greater +than he deserved. I infer from this that he was +well acquainted with the subject as then known. +The book in question is certainly a <i>curious</i>, if not a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> +valuable relic of Scottish genius in the olden time, +and it is a good specimen of the pedantry and +fantastic taste of the Author. If, therefore, by reprinting +his works, it be intended to give a true +portraiture of him, <i>The Trissotetras</i> should on that +account, and I see no better reason, again pass +through the press."<a name="FNanchor_163_163" id="FNanchor_163_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a></p> + +<p>The volume is dedicated "To the right honourable +and most noble lady, my dear and loving +mother, the Lady Dowager of Cromartie." The +"Epistle Dedicatory" is couched in the high-flown +language which others would have had difficulty in +concocting, but which seems to flow with ease from +the lips of Sir Thomas. "Thus, Madam," he says, +"unto you doe I totally belong; but so as that +those exteriour parts of mine, which by birth are +from your Ladiship derived, cannot be more fortunate +in this their subjection, notwithstanding the +egregious advantages of bloud and consanguinity +thereby to them accruing, then [than] my selfe am +happy, as from my heart I doe acknowledge it, in +the just right your Ladiship hath to the eternall +possession of the never-dying powers of my soule." +The following passage from the same "Epistle" +reminds one of the adulatory terms in which Sir +Walter Raleigh and Spenser addressed Queen +Elizabeth: "By vertue of your beloved society, +your neighbouring Countesses, and other great +dames of your kindred and acquaintance, become +more illustrious in your imitation [<i>i.e.</i> in imitation +of you]; amidst whom, as Cynthia amongst the +obscurer planets, your Ladiship shines, and darteth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span> +the angelick rayes of your matchlesse example on +the spirits of those who by their good Genius have +been brought into your favourable presence to be +enlightened by them." The concluding passage in +his Dedication is still more remarkable: "I will here," +he says, "in all submission, most humbly take my +leave of your Ladiship, and beseech Almighty God +that it may please his Divine Majesty so to blesse +your Ladiship with continuance of dayes, that the +sonnes or those whom I have not as yet begot, may +attaine to the happinesse of presenting unto your +Ladiship a braine-babe of more sufficiencie and consequence."<a name="FNanchor_164_164" id="FNanchor_164_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_164_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a></p> + +<p>The ordinary reader who looks into the volume +cannot fail to be appalled by the new and mysterious +terms with which its pages are crowded. Words +like "proturgetick," "quadrobiquadræquation," "sindiforall," +"eathetobasall," "loxogonosphericall," and +"zetetick," are freely used, and many others equally +hard and thorny. Even the author himself finds +it necessary to append to the work a glossary, +containing an explanation of a number of the +words of which he had made use. "Being certainly +perswaded," he says, "that a great many good spirits +[<i>i.e.</i> worthy souls] ply Trigonometry that are not +versed in the learned tongues, I thought fit for their +encouragement to subjoyne here the explication of +the most important of those Greek and Latin termes, +which for the more efficacy of expression I have +made use of in this Treatise."<a name="FNanchor_165_165" id="FNanchor_165_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_165_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a></p> + +<p>In some cases, however, the "explication," instead +of dispelling the darkness, only renders it more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> +visible, as when, <i>e.g.</i>, we are told that "<i>cathetobasall</i> +is said of the concordances of loxogonosphericall +moods, in the datas of the perpendicular and the +base, for finding out of the maine quæsitum." "<i>Inversionall</i>," +we are told, "is said of the concordances +of those moods which agree in the manner of their +inversion; that is, in placing the second and fourth +termes of the analogy, together with their indowments, +in the roomes of the first and third, and +contrariwise." Probably only those who are able to +follow the statement that "<i>oppoverticall</i> is said of +those moods which have a catheteuretick concordance +in their datas of the same cathetopposites +and verticall angles," will be qualified to give an +intelligent assent to the statement that "<i>sindiforall</i> +is said of those moods the fourth terme of whose +analogie is onely illatitious to the maine quæsitum."<a name="FNanchor_166_166" id="FNanchor_166_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_166_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a></p> + +<p>Besides the Epistle of Dedication to the author's +mother, there are two Epistles and some Latin +verses addressed to the reader. The former of +these last-mentioned Epistles is signed by Sir +Thomas, and consists of a glowing tribute of respect +to Napier, the inventor of logarithms. "To +write of Trigonometry," he says, "and not make +mention of the illustrious Lord Neper<a name="FNanchor_167_167" id="FNanchor_167_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_167_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a> of Marchiston,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span> +the inventer of Logarithms, were to be unmindfull +of him that is our daily benefactor; these artificiall +numbers by him first excogitated and perfected, +being of such incomparable use,<a name="FNanchor_168_168" id="FNanchor_168_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_168_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a> that by them we +may operate more in one day, and with lesse danger +of errour, then [than] can be done without them in +the space of a whole week; a secret which would have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> +beene so precious to antiquity that Pythagoras, all +the seven wise men of Greece, Archimedes, Socrates, +Plato, Euclid, and Aristotle, had, if coævals, joyntly +adored him, and unanimously concurred to the +deifying of the revealer of so great a mystery." He +concludes with the splendid sentence that Napier's +"immortall fame, in spite of time, will out-last all +ages, and look eternity in the face."<a name="FNanchor_169_169" id="FNanchor_169_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_169_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a></p> + + +<p>The second Epistle to the reader is of a very +startling kind. It professes to be by some one +whose initials are J. A., and it is written in commendation +of the book and its author, but there +can be no doubt that it is the production of Sir +Thomas himself. He could no more disguise his +style of writing than Sir Piercie Shafton could lay +aside his Euphuistic English. After reading the +laudatory sentences bestowed upon the inventor +of logarithms, it is very amusing to find J. A. +remarking of Sir Thomas Urquhart, that "the praise +he hath beene pleased to confer on the learned and +honourable Neper, doth, without any diminution, in +every jot as duly belong unto himselfe."<a name="FNanchor_170_170" id="FNanchor_170_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a> As all our +author's eulogies are constructed on a vast scale, it +is not surprising to read that the new method of +measuring triangles, as compared with the old, is +like the sea-journey between the Pillars of Hercules +("commonly called the Straits of Gibraltar"), as +compared with the land-journey from the one to +the other. In the one case, we have a short voyage +of not more than six hours' sail; in the other case, +a walk of some seven thousand long miles. The +two concluding paragraphs of the Epistle are so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span> +extraordinary and so characteristic of our author, +that we must be allowed to quote them at length.</p> + +<p>"The secret unfolded in the following book," says +J. A., "is so precious, that [the author's] countrey +and kindred would not have been more honoured +by him had he purchased [procured] millions of +gold, and severall rich territories of a great and +vast extent, then [than] for this subtile and divine +invention, which will out-last the continuance of +any inheritance, and remaine fresh in the understandings +of men of profound literature, when +houses and possessions will change their owners, +the wealthy become poor, and the children of the +needy enjoy the treasures of those whose heires are +impoverished. Therefore, seeing for the many-fold +uses thereof in divers arts and sciences, in speculation +and practice, peace and war, sport and earnest, +with the admirable furtherances we reape by it in +the knowledge of sea and land, and heaven and +earth, it cannot be otherwise then [than] permanent, +together with the Author's fame, so long as +any of those endure; I will, God willing, in the +ruines of all these, and when time it selfe is expired, +in testimony of my thankfulnesse in particular for +so great a benefit, if after the resurrection there be +any complementall [complimentary] affability, expresse +myselfe then as I doe now, The Author's most +affectionate, and most humbly devoted servant, J.A."<a name="FNanchor_171_171" id="FNanchor_171_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_171_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a></p> + +<p>Why our author should have resorted to this +device for recommending himself and his book, we +cannot tell. Perhaps he felt that some strong +affirmations were needed in the case. Probably he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span> +agreed with the old saying that, if you wish work +to be thoroughly done, you had better do it yourself. +The moral aspect of the matter we leave in +the hands of our readers for discussion.</p> + +<p>In five Latin elegiac couplets of a very neat and +polished kind, Alexander Ross<a name="FNanchor_172_172" id="FNanchor_172_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a> recommends <i>The +Trissotetras</i> to the reader, and assures the author +that Scotia, whom by his writings he was exalting +to the stars, looked down upon him with a benignant +smile. Ross himself is now only known to +most of us from the mention made of him in +<i>Hudibras</i>, in the well-known passage—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"There was an ancient sage philosopher<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who had read Alexander Ross over."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>It is to be feared that Alexander Ross had not +performed the same feat with regard to Sir Thomas +Urquhart's treatise; for his verses<a name="FNanchor_173_173" id="FNanchor_173_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_173_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a> would have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> +been equally appropriate if the subject of them had +been a flying-machine or a water-tricycle invented +by his friend.</p> + +<p>At the end of the glossary in which the hardest +words in <i>The Trissotetras</i> are explained, the author +addresses a word in season to the persons into +whose hands his book may fall. He expects that +"learned and judicious mathematicians" will welcome +it, and he promises them more of the same kind. +His dignified attitude towards carping critics is very +impressive. "But as for such," he says, "who, +either understanding it not, or vain-gloriously being +accustomed to criticise on the works of others, will +presume to carp therein at what they cannot +amend, I pray God to illuminate their judgments +and rectifie their wits, that they may know more +and censure lesse; for so by forbearing detraction, +the venom whereof must needs reflect upon themselves, +they will come to approve better of the +endeavours of those that wish them no harme."<a name="FNanchor_174_174" id="FNanchor_174_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_174_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a></p> + + +<div class="footnotes"><br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_151_151" id="Footnote_151_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_151"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> "<span class="smcap">Epigrams: Divine and Moral.</span> <i>By Sir Thomas Urchard, +Knight.</i> London: Printed by Barnard Alsop and Thomas Fawcet, +in the Yeare 1641."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_152_152" id="Footnote_152_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_152"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> It is only fair, however, to Urquhart to remember that his +idea of an Epigram was probably different from ours. In modern +times point or "bite" is regarded as essential to such kind of +compositions. The original idea of them was that they should +contain a single distinct thought, and be brief enough to serve as +inscriptions.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_153_153" id="Footnote_153_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_153"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> Granger's <i>Biographical History</i>, iii, 160.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_154_154" id="Footnote_154_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154_154"><span class="label">[154]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 263.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> Charles Whibley, <i>New Review</i>, July 1897.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_156_156" id="Footnote_156_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_156"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> A school-girl once wrote in a copy of <i>Moral Tales</i>, which she +used for her Italian lessons, that they were "moral to the last +degree." The same may be said of Sir Thomas Urquhart's <i>Moral +Epigrams</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_157_157" id="Footnote_157_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157_157"><span class="label">[157]</span></a> This reminds one of Alice's subtraction sum. "Take a bone +from a dog. What remains?... The dog's temper would +remain" (<i>Through the Looking-Glass</i>, chap. ix.). A somewhat +different and more sombre turn of thought than the above was +suggested to Southey's Dr Dove by the resemblance between the +words. "<i>Woman</i>," he says, "evidently meaning either <i>man's woe</i>—or +abbreviated from <i>woe to man</i>, because by woman was woe +brought into the world" (<i>The Doctor</i>, chap. ccviii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_158_158" id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> The title is as follows:—"<i>Ten Books of Epigrams: the Curiositie +whereof, for Conception, stile, instruction, and Other mixtures +of show and substance, being no lesse fruitfull then [than] pleasing +to the diligent Peruser, are entitled</i> <span class="smcap">Apollo</span> <i>and the</i> <span class="smcap">Muses</span>. <i>Written +by the Right Worshipfull</i> <span class="smcap">Sir Thomas Urchard</span>, <i>Knight</i>." The +volume is now in the possession of Professor Ferguson, of Glasgow +University. From it our specimen of his handwriting is taken.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_159_159" id="Footnote_159_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_159"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> The title-page, according to the custom of the time, gives a +somewhat elaborate account of the contents of the volume. It runs +as follows:—"<span class="smcap">The Trissotetras</span>; Or, <i>A most Exquisite Table</i> for +Resolving all manner of Triangles, whether plain or sphericall, Rectangular +or Obliquangular, with greater facility, then [than] ever +hitherto hath been practised: Most necessary for all such as would +attaine to the exact knowledge of Fortification, Dyaling, Navigation, +Surveying, Architecture, the Art of Shadowing, taking of +Heights and Distances, the use of both the Globes, Perspective, +the skill of making Maps, the Theory of the Planets, the calculating +of their motions, and all other Astronomicall Computations whatsoever. +Now lately invented, and perfected, explained, commented +on, and, with all possible brevity and perspicuity, in the hiddest +and most researched mysteries, from the very first grounds of the +Science it selfe, proved, and convincingly demonstrated. By Sir +Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie, Knight. Published for the benefit +of those that are mathematically affected. <i>London</i>, Printed by +James Young. 1645."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_160_160" id="Footnote_160_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_160"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> <i>Advancement of Learning.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_161_161" id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> The italics are ours.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_162_162" id="Footnote_162_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_162"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> Sir Theodore Martin remarks that this conclusion nearly resembles +that of Socrates, upon being asked his opinion of the book +of Heraclitus the Obscure. "Those things," he said, "which I +understood were excellent; I imagine so were those I understood +not; but they require a diver of Delos" (<i>Rabelais</i>, p. xviii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_163_163" id="Footnote_163_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_163"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. xvi.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_164_164" id="Footnote_164_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_164"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, pp. 55-57.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_165_165" id="Footnote_165_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_165"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 131.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_166_166" id="Footnote_166_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_166"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> The author of the above sentences is one of the very few persons +in history or fiction known to us who would have been qualified to +join in the conversation of the pleasant company in Illyria, when +they began "to speak of Pigrogromitus, and of the Vapians passing +the equinoctial of Queubus" (<i>Twelfth Night</i>, Act II. Sc. iii.)—the +allusion to which has caused so many German commentators on +Shakespeare to spend sleepless nights in their libraries.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_167_167" id="Footnote_167_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_167"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> John Napier, of Merchiston (1550-1617), who published his +invention in 1614. Our author calls him Lord Napier, but we are +to understand the title as simply equivalent to "<i>laird</i>." He calls +himself on one of his title-pages <i>Baro Merchistonii</i>, but that phrase +is merely the designation of the superior of a barony, or lord of a +manor. In the old Scottish Parliament men of this rank sat as +"<i>lesser barons</i>."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_168_168" id="Footnote_168_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_168"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> The subject of logarithms is perhaps one of those things which +the ordinary render might safely be presumed to know something +about. In these days of higher education for women, it would be +an act of impertinence to provide information on this point for that +class of our readers. The following explanations are, therefore, +intended for those members of the inferior sex whose education on +the mathematical side has been neglected. The idea of logarithms +arose in the mind of Napier from the wish to simplify the processes +of multiplication and division, by making addition and subtraction +take their place. To effect this, connect together a series of +numbers increasing by arithmetical progression with a series +increasing by multiplication or by mathematical progression.</p> + +<table summary="Multiples"><tr><td align="right">Thus:</td><td align="right"> 0.</td><td align="right"> 1.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 5. </td><td align="right"> 32. </td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 10.</td><td align="right"> 1024.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right"></td><td align="right">1.</td><td align="right"> 2.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 6.</td><td align="right"> 64.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 11.</td><td align="right"> 2048.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right"></td><td align="right">2.</td><td align="right"> 4.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 7.</td><td align="right"> 128.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 12.</td><td align="right"> 4096.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right"></td><td align="right">3.</td><td align="right"> 8.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 8. </td><td align="right">256.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 13.</td><td align="right"> 8192.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right"></td><td align="right">4.</td><td align="right"> 16.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 9.</td><td align="right"> 512.</td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"> 14.</td><td align="right"> 16384.</td></tr></table> + +<p> +To multiply, say, 64 by 256, that is to find the products of the +6th and 8th powers of 2, we must take the (6+8)th or 14th power, +which from the table is 16384. To divide 8192 by 256, or the 13th +power of 2 by the 8th, we must take the (13-8)th or 5th power, +which from the table is 32. By means of this principle calculations +can by made by persons whose business it is to do so, and +stored up apart for use. The vast saving to mental labour by this +simple and beautiful adjustment of numbers may be estimated by +a glance at any collection of tables of logarithms. In a science +like astronomy, progress would be terribly impeded if calculations +had to be conducted by the ordinary methods.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_169_169" id="Footnote_169_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_169"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 59.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_170_170" id="Footnote_170_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_170"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 61.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_171_171" id="Footnote_171_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_171"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 63.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_172_172" id="Footnote_172_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172_172"><span class="label">[172]</span></a> Alexander Ross (1590-1654) was a believer in centaurs and +griffins, in nations of giants and pygmies, and also, of course, +in witches. In short, a pretty accurate statement of his intellectual +creed might be constructed by turning into the articles +of a confession of faith the list of "Vulgar Errors" controverted +by Sir Thomas Browne. It is interesting to know that he was +probably the last person in Scotland who heard the voice of +the water-kelpie. "One day," he says, "travelling before day +with some company near the river Don in Aberdeen, we heard a +great noise and voices calling to us. I was going to answer, but +was forbid by my company, who told me they were spirits, who +never are heard there but before the death of somebody; which +fell out too true, for the next day a gallant gentleman was +drowned, with his horse offering to swim over" (Quoted in +<i>Lives of Eminent Men of Aberdeen</i>, by J. Bruce).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> They begin— +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Si cupis ætherios tutò peragrare meatus,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Et sulcare audes si vada salsa maris," etc.<br /></span> +</div></div> +<p> +A friend, who knows</p> +<div class="poem"><span class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Himself to sing and build the lofty rhyme,"<br /></span> +</span></div> + +<p> +has given me the following metrical translation of Ross's verses:— +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Wouldst thou in safety trace ethereal ways,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Or plough with daring keel the briny deep;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Shouldst thou earth's wide expanses long to span,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Come hither, make this learned book thine own.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By it, without Dædalian wings, canst fly,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And without Neptune, through the depths canst swim;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By it thou canst subdue the Lybian heat,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And bear the cruel cold of Scythian skies.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">On, Thomas! Scotia, whom unto the stars<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy writings raise, will yet rejoice in thee."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_174_174" id="Footnote_174_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_174"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 146. <i>N.B.</i>—The attention of professional critics is +respectfully directed to the above passage.</p></div> +</div> +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span></p> +<h1>CHAPTER V</h1> + +<p class="center">ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ, <span class="smcap">or The Pedigree</span> +</p> + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/o.jpg" width="90" height="89" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p>NE of the most characteristic of Sir +Thomas Urquhart's works is his +ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ: or, +A Peculiar PROMPTUARY of +TIME.<a name="FNanchor_175_175" id="FNanchor_175_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_175_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a> This contains a complete +pedigree of the Urquhart +family from the creation of the world down to the +year <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1652. Prefixed to it is a letter to the +reader by "a well-wisher," whose initials are G. P., +into whose hands the pedigree had fallen by mere +chance, and who had thought himself bound in +duty to the public to see it safely through the +press. According to the statements of this disinterested +philanthropist, the work in question was +but one of a large number of papers of very great +importance, forming part of the author's baggage,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> +which he had to abandon after the battle of +Worcester. It is the habit, we know, of impecunious +and importunate wayfarers to carry about +with them documents of interest to which they +solicit attention; but why a man in Sir Thomas +Urquhart's position should have gone on a campaign, +encumbered by various unpublished works +in manuscript, it is difficult to say. Perhaps the +simplest explanation is that he was different from +other people.</p> + +<p>The soldiers of Cromwell, we were told, made +but light of this portion of the enemy's baggage, +after "the fatal blowe given to the Royal party at +Worcester"; indeed, but for "a surpassing honest +and civil officer of Colonel Pride's regiment," the +pedigree of the Urquharts would have been used +by "a file of musquettiers to afford smoak to their +pipes of tobacco."<a name="FNanchor_176_176" id="FNanchor_176_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_176_176" class="fnanchor">[176]</a></p> + +<p>The fame of Sir Thomas as an author and as +a soldier moved G. P., as he tells us, to commit this +treatise to the press. With considerable ingenuity +he remarks that, though the author is now in prison +as a Royalist, he understands that his position is +by no means "so desperate as that he thereby will +be much endangered." If any doubt up to this +point existed as to who G. P. might be, it is set at +rest by the terms in which he pleads for favourable +conditions being granted to the prisoner. "It is +humbly desired," he says, "and, as I believe, from +the hearts of all that are acquainted with him, that +the greatest State in the world stain not their glory +by being the Atropos to cut the thred of that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> +which Saturne's sithe hath not been able to mow in +the progress of all former ages, especially in the +person of him whose inward abilities are like to +produce effects conducible to the State of as long +continuance for the future."<a name="FNanchor_177_177" id="FNanchor_177_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_177_177" class="fnanchor">[177]</a> Only Sir Thomas +Urquhart himself had the secret of what we may +call the "spacious" manner of self-eulogy, which by +its very grandeur seems lifted up above all such +petty feelings as pride or vanity.</p> + +<p>The concluding passage in the address to the +reader is also worth quoting, as it illustrates the +magnanimous spirit in which the captive deprecates +severity towards himself on the ground of the +injury which would thereby redound to the State. +"Considering," it says, "how formerly he hath been +a Mæcenas to the scholar, a patron to the souldier, +a favourer of the marchant, a protector of the +artificer, and upholder of the yeoman, it were a +thousand pities that by the austerity of a State, +which dependeth in both its <i>esse</i> and <i>bene esse</i> upon +the flourishing of these worthy professions, effects +so advantagious thereto, should, by not conferring +deserved courtesies on him, be extinguished in the +very brood."<a name="FNanchor_178_178" id="FNanchor_178_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a></p> + +<p>In the <i>True Pedigree and Lineal Descent of +the Most Ancient and Honourable Family of the +Urquharts in the House of Cromartie</i>, we have a +brief but surprisingly complete history of the family +from the time of Adam<a name="FNanchor_179_179" id="FNanchor_179_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_179_179" class="fnanchor">[179]</a> down to <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1652. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> +line runs through the Sethite and not the Cainite +branch of the human race, and, among the sons of +Noah, it passes through Japhet. The story is told +of a marginal note being found in the history of +some ancient Highland family, to the effect that +"about this time the Flood took place." Something +like this is to be found in the document before us, +for, under the date <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> 2893, Sir Thomas adds to a +mention of his ancestor Noah, a remark to the +effect that "the Universal Deluge occurred in the +six hundreth yeer compleat of his age."</p> + +<p>The good fortune of his ancestors in their inheritances, +marriages, and friendships is very +remarkable. To one of them, Japhet, fell the +inheritance of "all the regions of Europe"; Japhet's +grandson Penuel was "a most intimate friend of +Nimrod, the mighty hunter and builder of Babel"; +while his great-grandson Tycheros was chosen by +"Orpah, the daughter of Sabatius Saga, Prince of +the Armenians, to be her husband, because of his +gallantry and good success in the wars."<a name="FNanchor_180_180" id="FNanchor_180_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_180_180" class="fnanchor">[180]</a></p> + +<p>The name Urquhart came into use at the +comparatively late period of <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> 2139, when the +family had been in existence for over eighteen +hundred years. It was first borne by Esormon. +"He," we are told, "was soveraign Prince of Achaia. +For his fortune in the wars, and affability in conversation, +his subjects and familiars surnamed him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span> +ουροχαρτος, that is [to] say, fortunate well-beloved. +After which time, his posterity ever since +hath acknowledged him the father of all that carry +the name of Urquhart.<a name="FNanchor_181_181" id="FNanchor_181_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_181_181" class="fnanchor">[181]</a> He had for his arms, three +banners, three ships, and three ladies, in a field <i>d'or</i>, +with a picture of a young lady above the waste, +holding in her right hand a brandished sword, and +a branch of myrtle in the left, for crest; and for +supporters, two Javanites, after the souldier-habit of +Achaia, with this motto in the scroll of his coat-armour, +ταυτα τα τρια αξιοθεατα; that is, These +three are worthy to behold. Upon his wife +Narfesia, who was soveraign of the Amazons, he +begot Cratynter."<a name="FNanchor_182_182" id="FNanchor_182_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_182_182" class="fnanchor">[182]</a></p> + +<p>The habits of the Urquharts to form alliances +and friendships with persons afterwards famous in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span> +sacred and secular history is very marked. Thus, +one of them, Phrenedon Urquhart, "was in the +house of the Patriarch Abraham at the time of the +destruction of Sodom and Gomorrha." At a later +period, another, named Hypsegoras Urquhart, married +a daughter of Herculus Lybius; while a descendant +of theirs, Pamprosodos Urquhart, married Termuth, +"who was that daughter of Pharaoh Amenophis +which found Moses among the bulrushes, and +brought him up as if he had been her own childe."</p> + +<p>Another ancestor, Molin Urquhart (<i>c.</i> <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> 1534), +married Panthea, "the daughter of Deucalion and +Pyrrha, of whom Ovid maketh mention in the first +of his Metamorphoses." The genealogist goes on to +say that "in that part of Africk which, after his +name, is till this hour called Molinea, by cunning +and valour together he killed in one morning three +lions;<a name="FNanchor_183_183" id="FNanchor_183_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a> the heads whereof, when in a basket, presented +to his lady Panthea, so terrified her, that +(being quick with childe) for putting her right hand +to her left side, with this sudden exclamation, O +Hercules, what is this? the impression of three +lions' heads was found upon the left side of the +childe as soon as he was born." In consequence of +this incident, the three banners, three ships, and +three ladies in the Urquhart arms were exchanged +for three lions' heads.</p> + +<p>A century later, we find that Propetes Urquhart +married Hypermnestra, "the choicest of Danaus' fifty +daughters." This must have been some time +after the little affair happened for which forty-nine +of her sisters were condemned to draw water in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span> +sieves; for, as every schoolboy knows, the fifty +daughters of Danaus were married to their cousins, +the fifty sons of Ægyptus, and all of them, but one, +at the bidding of their father, murdered their +husbands on the evening of the marriage-day. +Hypermnestra, however, had pity upon her cousin +and husband, Lynceus, and spared him.<a name="FNanchor_184_184" id="FNanchor_184_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_184_184" class="fnanchor">[184]</a> He must +have died shortly after, probably from natural +causes, as it is recorded in the work before us that +she married Propetes Urquhart, and became the +mother of Euplocamos Urquhart.</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span></p> +<p>The thought of what the family to which +Hypermnestra belonged were capable when their +blood was up, must, one would think, have cast a +slight shadow of apprehension upon the married life +of Propetes Urquhart. A more cheerful tone must +have pervaded that of his descendant Cainotomos +Urquhart, for he, we are told, "took to wife Thymelica, +the daughter of Bacchus, in recompense of +his having accompanied him in the conquest of the +Indies." Further interesting particulars, which are +not elsewhere recorded, are related of this ancestor +of Sir Thomas. On his return from the expedition +in which he assisted Bacchus to conquer India, +he "passed through the territories of Israel, where, +being acquainted with Debora the Judge and Prophetess, +he received from her a very rich jewel, +which afterwards by one of his succession was presented +to Pentasilea, that Queen of the Amazons +that assisted the Trojans against Agamemnon."</p> + +<p>Their son Rodrigo Urquhart (<i>c.</i> <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> 1295) was, +we are told, invited over by his kindred the Clanmolinespick,<a name="FNanchor_185_185" id="FNanchor_185_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_185" class="fnanchor">[185]</a> +the principal clan in Ireland, and +"bore rule there with much applause and good +success"—the one solitary instance of the kind, we +suppose, which is to be found in the history of that +"most distressful country." "From him," it is said,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> +"is descended the Clanrurie,<a name="FNanchor_186_186" id="FNanchor_186_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_186_186" class="fnanchor">[186]</a> of which name there +were twenty-six rulers and kings of Ireland before +the days of Ferguse the first, King of Scots in +Scotland."</p> + +<p>A slight degree of uncertainty hangs about the +identity of the wife of Mellessen Urquhart (<i>c.</i> <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> +1049). Her name was Nicolia, and before her +marriage she "travelled from the remote Eastern +countries to have experience of the wisdom of +Solomon, and by many<a name="FNanchor_187_187" id="FNanchor_187_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a> is supposed to have been +the Queen of Sheba." Her husband, however, must +have considered that, though she loved wisdom, she +had not acquired much of it, or, at any rate, of the +kind which is needed for bringing up a young +family; for the historian goes on to say that +"Mellessen Urquhart nevertheless sent some of his +children to Ireland and Britain, to be brought up +with the best of his own father and mother's kindred."</p> + +<p>Amongst other celebrated persons who had the +honour of being enrolled amongst the ancestors +of Sir Thomas Urquhart are Pothina, a niece of +Lycurgus; Æquanima, the sister of Marcus Coriolanus; +Diosa, the daughter of Alcibiades; and +Tortolina, the daughter of King Arthur. It is +observable that for a good many generations immediately +preceding the author's time, the ladies +who figure in the genealogy are of comparatively<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> +lowly birth—seldom, indeed, do they reach the +rank of an earl's daughter. Either the supply of +princesses was by this time somewhat exhausted, or +the demands of the Urquharts were less exorbitant. +The high-spirited character of the most remarkable +scion of the family who drew up the genealogy +forbids us to think that, with the lapse of time, they +had suffered any diminution of courage. It rather +seems as though the world had entered upon a less +heroic stage. Perhaps, like Sir Thomas Browne in +a later age, they had concluded that "it was too +late to be ambitious, for the great mutations of the +world were acted."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 640px;"> +<img src="images/image005.jpg" width="640" height="530" alt="Sculptured Stone at Kinbeakie House" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Sculptured Stone at Kinbeakie House</span> +</div> + +<p>In the time of Vocompos (<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 775) a further +change took place in the arms of the Urquharts, +which gave them their final form. "Vocompos," +we learn, "was the first in the world that had the +bears' heads to his arms, being induced to exchange, +by the instigation of King Solvatius, his arms of +three lions' heads, for the three bears' heads, razed, +because of the great exploit, in presence of the +King, done by him and his two brothers, in killing, +one morning, three wild bears, in the Caledonian +forrest: the supporters were also changed into two +greyhounds: the crest and impress remaining still +the same as it was since the days of Astioremon."<a name="FNanchor_188_188" id="FNanchor_188_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span></p> +<p>An alleged ancestor of our author, William de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> +Monte Alto (Mouat),<a name="FNanchor_189_189" id="FNanchor_189_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_189_189" class="fnanchor">[189]</a> took part in the patriotic +resistance of Scotland against English oppression +which is associated with the names of Bruce and +Wallace, and the faint local traditions of that time +partly corroborate Urquhart's statements. "This +William," he says, "caried himself so lovingly +towards King Robert, that when almost all Scotland +was possest by King Edward's faction, and his lands +at Cromartie altogether overrun by them, and his +house garrisoned and victualed with three yeers +provision of all necessaries for one hundred men, he +by a stratagem gained the castle, and with the +matter of fourty men, keept it out against the forces +of Edward for the space of seven yeers and a half, +during which time all his lands there were totally +wasted, and his woods burnt; so that, having +nothing then he could properly call his own but +the mote-hill onely of Cromartie, which he fiercely +maintained against the enemies, he was agnamed +<i>Gulielmus de Monte Alto</i>. At last William Wallace<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span> +came to his relief, but, as I conceive, it was the +brother's son of the renowned William, who in a +little den [or hollow] within two miles of Cromartie, +till this hour called Wallace Den, killed six hundred +of King Edward's unfortunate forces. Afterwards, +raising the siege from about the mote-hill of +Cromartie by the assistance of his namesake the +other William, the shire of Cromarty was totally +purged of the enemy."<a name="FNanchor_190_190" id="FNanchor_190_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_190_190" class="fnanchor">[190]</a></p> + +<p>Tradition, according to Hugh Miller, is silent +respecting the siege, but relates many details of +the battle. The Scottish forces lay in ambuscade +in the ravine or hollow which is still, or was until +recently, called by Wallace's name, and attacked a +large body of English troops on their way to join +some of their countrymen, who were encamped on +the peninsula of Easter Ross. The English were +surprised and panic-struck, and left six hundred +dead on the field of battle. The survivors were +unacquainted with the country, and were under the +impression that there was continuous land between +them and their countrymen on the opposite shore. +"They were only undeceived," we are told, "when, +on climbing the southern Sutor, where it rises +behind the town, they saw an arm of the sea more +than a mile in width, and skirted by abrupt and +dizzy precipices, opening before them. The spot is +still pointed out where they made their final stand; +and a few shapeless hillocks, that may still be +seen among the trees, are said to have been raised +above the bodies of those who fell; while the +fugitives, for they were soon beaten from this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> +position, were either driven over the neighbouring +precipices, or perished amidst the waves of the +Firth."<a name="FNanchor_191_191" id="FNanchor_191_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_191_191" class="fnanchor">[191]</a></p> + +<p>Sir Thomas does not let us off easily. After +subjecting our credulity to a severe strain by one +kind of statement, he unexpectedly increases the +tension by another. Thus he says that an ancestor +in the fifteenth century, Thomas Urquhart, had by +his wife Helen Abernethie, daughter of Lord Salton, +five-and-twenty sons, who grew up to manhood, +and eleven daughters, all of whom found husbands. +It would only have been kind of him to have +reduced these numbers a little. But on one point +he has spared us: we are not asked to believe that +there were others who died in infancy.</p> + +<p>In a postscript Sir Thomas Urquhart explains +that he has just given his readers a sketch of the +history of his family, but hopes to furnish them +with a complete narrative as soon as he obtains his +release from his parole, and is at liberty to attend +to this and to other matters of greater importance. +The thought of the delightful book in store for +mankind is so attractive to him that he cannot +help dilating upon it. "In the great chronicle of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span> +the House of Urquhart," he continues, "the aforesaid +Sir Thomas purposeth, by God's assistance, to +make mention of the illustrious families from thence +descended, which as yet are in esteem in the +countries of Germany, Bohemia, Italy, France, Spain, +England, Scotland, Ireland, and several other nations +of a warmer climate, adjacent to that famous territory +of Greece, the lovely mother of this most +ancient and honourable stem."<a name="FNanchor_192_192" id="FNanchor_192_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_192_192" class="fnanchor">[192]</a> He also intends +not to omit the name of any family with which at +any time the aforesaid house has contracted alliance.</p> + +<p>The concluding paragraph is very amusing; for +in it our author promises to give proof of the statements +he has made, by quoting from the works +of respectable chroniclers of past ages, though the +degree of certainty which the reader may thereby +expect to reach falls short of that given by Holy +writ or the works of Euclid. "And finally," he +says, "for confirmation of the truth in deriving of +his extraction from the Ionian race of the Prince of +Achaia, and in the deduction of all the considerable +particulars of the whole story, [the author] is resolved +to produce testimonies of Arabick, Greek, Latin, and +other writers of such authentick approbation, that +we may boldly from thence infer consequences of +no less infallible verity then [than] any that is not +grounded on faith by means of a Divine illumination, +as is the story of the Bible, or on reason, by +vertue of the unavoidable inference of a necessary +concluding demonstration, as that of the Elements +of Euclid; which being the greatest evidence that +in any narration of that kinde is to be expected,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> +the judicious reader is bid farewel, from whom +the Author for the time most humbly takes his +leave."<a name="FNanchor_193_193" id="FNanchor_193_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a></p> + +<p>It is needless to say that the scheme of filling +out the sketch of the history of the Urquhart +family was never carried out, if ever it had been +seriously entertained by Sir Thomas; and we are +left in ignorance of the names of the Arabic, Greek, +Latin, and other authors on whose testimony our +belief in the authenticity of the narrative was to +have been firmly based. In the absence of this +our judgment is left in suspense, unless, indeed, +we conclude that, as the genealogy begins and ends +with the names of actual persons,<a name="FNanchor_194_194" id="FNanchor_194_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_194_194" class="fnanchor">[194]</a> the intermediate +part is not likely to have been a mere fabrication. +If the links are sound in the places where we can +test them, it requires no very great exercise of +credulity to believe that they are the same +throughout.</p> + +<p>Matthew Arnold on one occasion laid down the +principle, that a book should either "edify the +uninstructed," or "inform the instructed." Sir +Thomas Urquhart's "ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ" +certainly justifies its existence according to this +standard of judging literature; for if it does not +serve to edify the uninstructed, it <i>does</i> inform the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> +instructed, since the information it contains is not +to be found in any other quarter.<a name="FNanchor_195_195" id="FNanchor_195_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_195_195" class="fnanchor">[195]</a></p> + +<p>One's faith in the credibility of his narrative is, +however, a little shaken by finding that in the +second book of his favourite author, Rabelais, the +genealogy of the giant Pantagruel is carried up to +a period far beyond the Flood. It may be a mere +coincidence, but it is one of those coincidences that +make us very thoughtful.<a name="FNanchor_196_196" id="FNanchor_196_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a></p> + +<p>At the time when Sir Thomas Urquhart wrote, +Scotland was supposed to have had a dynasty of +kings and a connected political history dating far<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> +back before the birth of Christ. The impudent +fictions of Hector Boece, whose history of Scotland +was published in 1526, had been accepted by the +public, and were regarded as genuine facts even by +such literary personages as Erasmus and Paulus +Jovius. Perhaps Sir Thomas thought that a +credulity which had endured the considerable strain +which Boece had put upon it might be trusted to +bear a still greater weight. Indeed, he interwove +the story of his family with that which was current +as the genuine history of his native land.</p> + +<p>According to the mythical history of Scotland, +Gathelus, a Grecian prince, having quarrelled with +his father Miol, took refuge in Egypt, and married +Scota, a daughter of the Pharaoh who perished in +the Red Sea. The young people came west and +founded Portugal (<i>i.e.</i> Port of Gathelus), and then +journeyed north to Scotland, bringing with them, as +part of their baggage, the coronation-stone yet to +be seen in Westminster Abbey. Their descendant +Fergus, "the father of a hundred kings," was the +founder of the Scottish monarchy. These shadowy +persons appear again, "with the moonlight streaming +through them," and play their parts in the +genealogy of the Urquharts.</p> + +<p>Some have thought that Sir Thomas believed +devoutly in the genealogy himself, and was the dupe +of his own imagination. One would be sorry to +form so low an opinion of his mental endowments. +If the book in question were not an elaborate joke, +it can only have been intended to impose upon the +English people by convincing them of the extraordinary +dignity and grandeur of their captive.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> +If this were indeed the case, he must have had an +humbler opinion of the intellectual faculties possessed +by the average Englishman than even the +majority of his fellow-countrymen entertain.</p> + +<p>A very amusing reference to this book of Sir +Thomas Urquhart's is to be found in the Decisions +of the Court of Session, under date of 23rd to 25th +January, 1706.<a name="FNanchor_197_197" id="FNanchor_197_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_197_197" class="fnanchor">[197]</a> In that year an action was +brought by the Earl of Sutherland against the Earls +of Crawford, Errol, and Marischal, to determine the +question of precedency in the rolls of Parliament. +The pursuer asserted that he was lineally descended +from an Earl of Sutherland living in 1275, while +his opponents' ancestors were not Earls till about +1399. The pursuer laid stress upon the fact that, +in 1630, a formal inquiry into this matter had +been held at Inverness, and that the decision had +been in his favour. The persons who conducted +the inquiry were, he said, of undoubted credit, and +well versed in the particulars investigated, and +"might have had good information from old men +and writs, which in the course of time and through +accidents had long disappeared." The advocate for +the defenders replied that the "Chancellor of the +Inquest" had been Sir Thomas Urquhart, who +might have traced the pursuer's descent from Noah, +as he had deduced his own genealogy from Adam, +and that the decision arrived at was of no more +value than "his fanciful derivation of his own +pedigree. For the members of the Inquest seemed +to have sworn rashly upon matters of greater<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span> +antiquity than they could certainly know." "It is +true," was the pursuer's reply, "the defender in his +gaiety objects against Sir Thomas Urquhart as an +ill genealogist; and it is owned that his derivation +from Adam and Noah was fantastic enough, and +indeed but <i>lusus ingenii</i>; but, after all, the +defender's criticism will not hinder him to pass +for a most knowing gentleman." The case was +decided in favour of the Earl of Sutherland, so far +as some of his contentions were concerned. But it +is somewhat curious that his advocate overlooked +the fact that the Sir Thomas Urquhart of 1630, +who had been the "Chancellor of the Inquest," was +not the author of the book containing the genealogy +of the Urquharts, but that it was written by his +son. It is quite possible, however, that it was a +matter of notoriety that the elder Sir Thomas had +been a believer in the long pedigree which his +more famous son had, years after, elaborated and +published.<a name="FNanchor_198_198" id="FNanchor_198_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_198_198" class="fnanchor">[198]</a></p> + + +<div class="footnotes"><br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_175_175" id="Footnote_175_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175_175"><span class="label">[175]</span></a> The full title of the work is as follows:—ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ: +or, A Peculiar PROMPTUARY of TIME; Wherein (not one +instant being omitted since the beginning of motion) is displayed +A most exact <span class="smcap">Directory</span> for all particular <i>Chronologies</i> in what +Family soever: And that by deducing the true Pedigree and +Lineal descent of the most ancient and honourable name of the +VRQVHARTS, in the house of <span class="smcap">Cromartie</span>, since the Creation of +the world, until this present yeer of God, 1652. London, Printed +for Richard Baddeley, and are to be sold at his shop, within the +Middle-Temple-Gate, 1652.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_176_176" id="Footnote_176_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_176"><span class="label">[176]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 151.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_177_177" id="Footnote_177_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_177"><span class="label">[177]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 152.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_178_178" id="Footnote_178_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_178"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 152.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_179_179" id="Footnote_179_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_179"><span class="label">[179]</span></a> Poor Sir Thomas thought that he was going back to the +beginning when he traced his descent up to Adam, or, to be more +exact, to the red earth of which the "protoplast" was made. +The late Charles Darwin carried back the pedigree of man a +prodigious length, though he lowered its quality. There can be +little doubt that our author would have disdained to accept what +used to be called "the lower animals" as, in any sense, ancestors +of mankind, or, at any rate, of the dignified family of Urquhart.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_180_180" id="Footnote_180_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_180"><span class="label">[180]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 156.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> In one respect, at any rate, we have legitimate ground of +triumph over our ancestors—we spell better than they did. +Charles Lamb once lent a volume of the old dramatists to a friend, +and asked him his opinion of it. The reply was that it contained +a considerable amount of bad spelling! The name Urquhart, as +thus written, occurs here in Sir Thomas's "Pedigree," and is, +doubtless, the correct form of the name. In the Latinised shape +of Urquhardus it occurs on the register of the University of Aberdeen, +at which our author studied. Yet Urchard seems to have +been +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"The name our valiant Knight<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To all his challenges did write."<br /></span> +</div></div> +<p> +The unbridled licence in the matter of spelling prevalent at that +period is still further illustrated by the historian Gordon, who +wrote the <i>History of Scots Affairs</i>, and who gives us the name in +the form of Wrqhward! This, one would think, was as far as it +was possible to get in the way of bad spelling, without altogether +taking leave of the sounds to be expressed by alphabetical signs. +After it the spelling Wrwhart, as we find it in an Act of Parliament +of 1663, seems rather poor.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 156.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_183_183" id="Footnote_183_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_183_183"><span class="label">[183]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 159.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_184_184" id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> Horace gives us the speech in which she told Lynceus of his +danger, and urged him to make his escape— +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"'Wake!' to her youthful spouse she cried,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Wake! or you yet may sleep too well:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fly—from the father of your bride,<br /></span> +<span class="i6">Her sisters fell:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They, as she-lions bullocks rend,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tear each her victim: I, less hard,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Than these, will slay you not, poor friend,<br /></span> +<span class="i6">Nor hold in ward:<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><br /></span> +<span class="i0">Me let my sire in fetters lay<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For mercy to my husband shown:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Me let him ship from hence away,<br /></span> +<span class="i6">To climes unknown.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Go; speed your flight o'er land and wave,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">While Night and Venus shield you; go<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Be blest: and on my tomb engrave<br /></span> +<span class="i6">This tale of woe.'"<br /></span> +<p><span class="i0"><br /></span></p> +<span class="i0"><br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Odes</i>, iii. 11 (Conington's Translation).<br /></span> +</div></div> +<p> +Her sad forebodings concerning her own fate, it is satisfactory to +know, were not fully realised. Perhaps she was shipped away to +Cromartie, or Ireland, or Portugal, or Africa, or wherever it was +that the head of the Urquhart family was then reigning. Instead +of Lynceus having the melancholy satisfaction of putting an +inscription on her tombstone, it is probable that she performed +that office for him.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_185_185" id="Footnote_185_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_185_185"><span class="label">[185]</span></a> Clanmolinespick is, we believe, more correctly <i>clann-maol-an-easbuig</i> +(the last pronounced <i>cspick</i>), and means "the clan" or +"family of the servant of the bishop." They are probably the +Irish ancestors of the Macmillans of Knapdale in Argyleshire. +The word "<i>maol</i>," "a tonsured servant," occurs in Malise (<i>maol-Josa</i>), +"a servant of Jesus," a family name of the old Earls of +Strathearn; and <i>easbuig</i> in Gillespie or Gillespic, "a servant" or +"gillie of the bishop."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_186_186" id="Footnote_186_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_186"><span class="label">[186]</span></a> Clanrurie is "the clan" or "family of Roderick." These are +the Macrories and Fullartons, their eponym having been Rory or +Roderick, one of the two sons of Reginald, whose father in almost +prehistoric times was Somerled, Lord of the Isles. They settled +in Bute and Arran, and about Ardnamurchan and the islands +there.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_187_187" id="Footnote_187_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_187"><span class="label">[187]</span></a> This phrase—"by many"—is very delightful.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_188_188" id="Footnote_188_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_188_188"><span class="label">[188]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 168. A curious stone lintel now at Kinbeakie gives +a representation of the Urquhart coat of arms, such as it was in +Sir Thomas's own time. It was no doubt executed at his orders +and under his direction, for inscribed on it are the names of some +of those worthies who appear in the above genealogical history. +The representation which we give of this stone is from a photograph +specially taken for the illustration of this work. As the porch in +the wall of which the slab is set is very narrow, it was impossible, +even with the use of a wide-angle lens, to get a more satisfactory +photograph than that which is here reproduced. Our +readers will therefore kindly excuse the distortion of shape +which is only too apparent, and accept as a measure of compensation +the vividness with which the details of the engraved +stone are brought out. "This singular relic," says Hugh +Miller, "which has, perhaps, more of character impressed upon it +than any other piece of sandstone in the kingdom, is about five +feet in length by three in breadth, and bears date <span class="smcap">A.M.</span> 5612, +<span class="smcap">A.C.</span> 1651. On the lower and upper edges it is bordered by a plain +moulding, and at the ends by belts of rich foliage, terminating in +a chalice or vase. In the upper corner two knights in complete +armour on horseback, and with their lances couched, front each +other, as if in the tilt-yard. Two Sirens playing on harps occupy the +lower. In the centre are the arms—the charge on the shield three +bears' heads, the supporters two greyhounds leashed and collared, +the crest a naked woman holding a dagger and palm, the helmet +that of a knight, with the beaver partially raised, and so profusely +mantled that the drapery occupies more space than the shield and +supporters, and the motto <span class="smcap">Meane Weil, Speak Weil, and Do +Weil</span>. Sir Thomas's initials, S. T. V. C., are placed separately, +one letter at the outer side of each supporter, one in the centre of +the crest, and one beneath the label; while the names of the more +celebrated heroes of his genealogy, and the eras in which they +flourished, occupy in the following inscription the space between +the figures:—<span class="smcap">Anno Astioremonis</span>, 2226; <span class="smcap">Anno Vocompotis</span>, +3892; <span class="smcap">Anno Molini</span>, 3199; <span class="smcap">Anno Rodrici</span>, 2958; <span class="smcap">Anno Chari</span>, +2219; <span class="smcap">Anno Lutorci</span>, 2000; <span class="smcap">Anno Esormonis</span>, 3804. It is +melancholy enough that this singular exhibition of family pride +should have been made in the same year in which the family received +its deathblow—the year of Worcester battle" (<i>Scenes and +Legends of the North of Scotland</i>, chap. vii.). The arms of the +Urquhart family in their later form, as associated with those of the +Meldrum and Seton families, are given in the 1774 edition of the +ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ, and are as follows:—"<i>Arms</i>, Or, three +Bears-heads, erazed, gules, langued azure. <i>Crest</i>, a demy Otter +issuing from the wreath sable, crowned with an antique Crown, or, +holding betwixt his paws a crescent gules. <i>Motto</i> above, <i>Per mare +et Terras</i>, and below, <i>Mean, speak, and do well</i>. <i>Supporters</i>, two +grayhounds, proper collared gules, and leashed." There can be no +doubt that the Urquhart arms should be the three <i>bears'</i> heads, +though they are often described as three <i>boars'</i> heads. The records +of 1742 and 1760 in the Lyon Register make this quite certain. +Probably the close resemblance between the two words is the principal +cause of the confusion with regard to the matter which exists. +In the sculptured coat of arms, of which we give a representation, +the heads certainly have a superficial resemblance at least to those +of boars. A correspondent who takes an interest in this question +remarks, however, that "though the heads have tusks worthy of +any boar, they (<i>i.e.</i> the heads) are set at right angles to the necks +in a way in which no boar could be represented." On the other +hand, the snouts of the animals have that distinctly <i>retroussé</i> +shape which we associate with pigs, both wild and domesticated. +The question is, therefore, not so simple as at first sight it appears, +and can scarcely be adequately dealt with in a mere footnote. +Accordingly we leave our readers to discuss and settle the difficulty.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_189_189" id="Footnote_189_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_189_189"><span class="label">[189]</span></a> See p. 4, <i>supra</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_190_190" id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 170.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_191_191" id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> <i>Scenes and Legends of the North of Scotland</i>, Hugh Miller, p. 48. +This battle is supposed to be mentioned by Blind Harry, who has +celebrated the achievements of Wallace in the following uncouth +lines:— +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Wallace raid throw the northland into playne.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">At Crummade feill Inglismen thai slew.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The worthi Scottis till hym thus couth persew.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Raturnd agayne and come till Abirdeyn,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With his blith ost apon the Lammess ewyn"<br /></span> +<p><span class="i0"><br /></span></p> +<span class="i0"><br /></span> +<span class="i0">(vii. 1084-88).<br /></span> +</div></div> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_192_192" id="Footnote_192_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_192_192"><span class="label">[192]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 174.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_193_193" id="Footnote_193_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_193"><span class="label">[193]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 175.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> The editor of the 1774 edition of the Tracts of Sir Thomas +Urquhart says that he had compared the genealogy with the +records kept by the Lord Lyon of Scotland, which go back as far +as the reign of Alexander <span class="smcap">II.</span> (<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1214-1249), and had found it +strictly correct from that period. In Appendix I., which contains +the lists of names of Sir Thomas's ancestors, we have taken the +liberty of indicating the names on which reliance can be placed, by +printing them in italics (see p. 211).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_195_195" id="Footnote_195_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_195"><span class="label">[195]</span></a> Sir Thomas is said to have remarked about "<i>the Pedigree</i>," that +by the first generation of readers it would be received with scoffs, +that the second generation would have their doubts about it, but that +the third generation would be heavily inclined to believe it. Time +has moved somewhat more slowly, however, than he anticipated, +and probably but few of us have as yet got past the second stage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_196_196" id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> In the article on Crichton in the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, Dr +Kippis subjects our author to grave censure (see p. 158). With +respect to Urquhart's present work he says: "Of his total disregard +to truth there is incontestible evidence in another work +of his, entitled <i>The True Pedigree</i>, etc. In this work it is almost +incredible what a number of falsities he has invented, both with +respect to names and facts. Perhaps a more flagrant instance of +imposture and fiction was never exhibited; and the absurdity of +the whole pedigree is beyond the power of words to express. It +can only be felt by those who have perused the Tract itself." It +is to be feared that Dr Kippis was mentally akin to the Irish +bishop who remarked of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i> when it appeared, that +"all was not gospel that was in that book." +</p><p> +Some one has said that the names of Urquhart's ancestors, at any +rate on the male side, are very likely those of the giants and heathen +in the <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>; and certainly Famongomadan, Cartadaque, +Madanfabul, Arcalaus, and Basagante remind one of chiefs and +heroes of the Cromartie line. In the female line the resemblance +is much closer; for Asymbleta, Eromena, and Gonima distinctly +recall the Darioleta, Brisena, and Madasima of the romance.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_197_197" id="Footnote_197_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_197_197"><span class="label">[197]</span></a> Fountainhall, <i>Decisions</i>, ii. 265 and 315; Morrison, <i>Dictionary +of Decisions</i>, xxvii. 11304.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_198_198" id="Footnote_198_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_198"><span class="label">[198]</span></a> In some ways the elder Sir Thomas reminds us of the pedantic +and undignified monarch, James VI., from whom he received +knighthood. Both were the first Protestants of their respective +houses, both were attached to prelacy rather than to Presbyterianism, +and both were wasteful and slovenly in money matters. If +the above conjecture be well founded, they had a further point of +resemblance to each other, in their interest in fabulous genealogies. +And it may be said of them both that they prepared a series of +misfortunes for their chivalrous, high-spirited sons.</p></div> + +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span></p> +<h1>CHAPTER VI</h1> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>ΕΚΣΚΥΒΑΛΑΥΡΟΝ: or, <span class="smcap">The Jewel</span>, and +LOGOPANDECTEISION: or, <span class="smcap">The Universal +Language</span>.</p></div> + + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/s.jpg" width="90" height="99" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p>IR Thomas Urquhart's previous +excursions into literature had been +of a somewhat tentative kind, and +calculated to whet the desire of a +judicious reader for him to enter upon +more serious undertakings. He had appeared in the +world of letters in several different aspects,—as +a man of science, and as the representative and +poet, as historian of a family which, for long descent +and glorious achievements, could not be rivalled, if his +statements concerning it were to be credited,—but +no one could forecast, from what he had already +published, the nature of his next literary exploit.</p> + +<p>The volume which followed the Pedigree of the +Urquharts has the strange name above printed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span><a name="FNanchor_199_199" id="FNanchor_199_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_199_199" class="fnanchor">[199]</a> +but most of those who have occasion to mention it +more than once find it more convenient to call it +"The Jewel."<a name="FNanchor_200_200" id="FNanchor_200_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_200_200" class="fnanchor">[200]</a> Its contents are of such a character +that one who had read it carefully would find it +difficult to state off-hand or in a single sentence +what they were. A Scottish Divinity professor of +somewhat erratic habits began, on one occasion, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> +lecture in which he was to deal with several miscellaneous +items, with the words, "Gentlemen, my +subject to-day will be hotch-potch." This is an +exact description of <i>The Jewel</i>, and those to whom +nature has given the mental apparatus needed for +appreciating Sir Thomas Urquhart will rejoice and +not repine at the fact that the feeding laid before +them is of a confused character. Accordingly no +logical sequence will be allowed to mar the symmetry +of this chapter in which <i>The Jewel</i> is +described.</p> + +<p>The main contents of the work are lists of the +ancestors, male and female, of the Urquhart family +from the beginning down to the year 1652, taken +from the Pedigree; a narrative of the sad fate that +overtook the author's manuscripts after the battle +of Worcester; some pages of one of them which +contained a scheme for a Universal Language; a +denunciation of the "unjust usurpation of the +Presbyterian Clergy, and the judaical practices of +some merchants" by which discredit had been cast +upon the Scottish name; an account of Scotsmen +famous for martial exploits or for learning during +the previous half-century; a statement of personal +wrongs inflicted upon the author by ministers of +his own parishes; arguments in favour of the union +of Scotland and England; and apologies for the +simple and unadorned strain in which the work is +written. All through the volume Sir Thomas is +spoken of in the third person, and the signature of +"Christianus Presbyteromastix" is attached to the +preface, or "the Epistle Liminary," as it is called, +but there is scarcely any attempt made to keep up<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> +the pretence of anonymity. The object of the +writer is to try to obtain for the prisoner of war +restoration to complete liberty and the enjoyment +of his property, and he seeks to correct the evil +impression, which the conduct of certain persons +in Scotland had produced upon the English people, +by narrating the martial and literary achievements +of more worthy representatives of his +nation.</p> + +<p>The rapidity with which the work had been +produced is described by the writer in the following +terms. "Laying aside all other businesses," he +says, "and cooping my self up daily for some hours +together, betwixt the case and the printing press, I +usually afforded the setter copy at the rate of above +a whole printed sheet in the day; which, although +by reason of the smallness of a Pica letter, and close +couching thereof, it did amount to three full sheets +of my writing; the aforesaid setter, nevertheless (so +nimble a workman he was), would in the space of +twenty-four hours make dispatch of the whole, and +be ready for another sheet. He and I striving thus +who should compose fastest, he with his hand, and +I with my brain; and his uncasing of the letters, +and placing them in the composing instrument, +standing for my conception; and his plenishing of +the gally, and imposing of the form, encountering +with the supposed equi-value of my writing, we +would almost every foot or so jump together in +this joynt expedition, and so neerly overtake +other in our intended course, that I was oftentimes, +(to keep him doing), glad to tear off parcels of ten or +twelve lines apeece, and give him them, till more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> +were ready;<a name="FNanchor_201_201" id="FNanchor_201_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a> unto which he would so suddenly put +an order, that almost still, before the ink of the +written letters was dry, their representatives were, +(out of their respective boxes), ranked in the composing-stick; +by means of which great haste, I writing +but upon the loose sheets of cording-quires, which, as +I minced and tore them, looking like pieces of waste +paper, troublesome to get rallyed, after such dispersive +scattredness, I had not the leisure to read +what I had written, till it came to a proof, and +sometimes to a full revise. So that by vertue of +this unanimous contest, and joint emulation betwixt +the theoretick and practical part, which of us +should overhye other in celerity, we in the space of +fourteen working daies compleated this whole book, +(such as it is), from the first notion of the brain to +the last motion of the press; and that without any +other help on my side, either of quick or dead, (for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> +books I had none, nor possibly would I have made +use of any, although I could have commanded +them), then [than] what, (by the favour of God), +my own judgment and fancy did suggest unto +me."<a name="FNanchor_202_202" id="FNanchor_202_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_202_202" class="fnanchor">[202]</a></p> + +<p>The account which our author gives of the +plunder of his manuscripts after the battle of +Worcester, and of the strange series of accidents +by which some of the documents which make up +<i>The Jewel</i> were preserved, is so odd and amusing +that it would be a pity to deprive our readers +of it, though it is related by Sir Thomas at great +length. "No sooner," he says, "had the total rout +of the regal party at Worcester given way to the +taking of that city, and surrendring up of all the +prisoners to the custody of the marshal-general +and his deputies, but the liberty, customary at +such occasions to be connived at in favours of +a victorious army, imboldened some of the new-levied +forces of the adjacent counties to confirm +their conquest by the spoil of the captives. For +the better atchievement of which designe, not +reckoning those great many others that in all the +other corners of the town were ferreting every +room for plunder, a string or two of exquisite snaps +and clean shavers [snappers-up and plunderers?] +(if ever there were any), rushing into Master Spilsbury's +house, (who is a very honest man, and hath +an exceeding good woman to his wife), broke into +an upper chamber, where finding, (besides scarlet +cloaks, buff suits, arms of all sorts, and other such +rich chaffer, at such an exigent escheatable to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> +prevalent soldier<a name="FNanchor_203_203" id="FNanchor_203_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_203_203" class="fnanchor">[203]</a>), seven large portmantles ful of +precious commodity; in three whereof, after a most +exact search for gold, silver, apparel, linen, or any +whatever adornments of the body, or pocket implements, +as was seized upon in the other four, +not hitting on any things but manuscripts in folio, +to the quantity of six score and eight quires and a +half, divided into six hundred fourty and two +quinternions and upwards, the quinternion consisting +of five sheets, and the quire of five and +twenty; besides some writings of suits in law, and +bonds, in both worth above three thousand pounds +English, they in a trice carried all whatever els +was in the room away save those papers, which +they then threw down on the floor as unfit for +their use; yet immediately thereafter, when upon +carts the aforesaid baggage was put to be transported +to the country, and that by the example of +many hundreds of both horse and foot, whom they +had loaded with spoil, they were assaulted with the +temptation of a new booty, they apprehending how +useful the paper might be unto them, went back +for it, and bore it straight away; which done, to +every one of those their camarads whom they met +with in the streets, they gave as much thereof, for +packeting up of raisins, figs, dates, almonds, caraway, +and other such like dry confections and other +ware, as was requisite; who, doing the same themselves, +did together with others kindle pipes of +tobacco with a great part thereof, and threw out all +the remainder upon the streets....<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span></p> + +<p>"Of those dispersedly-rejected bundles of paper, +some were gathered up by grocers, druggists, +chandlers, pie-makers, or such as stood in need of +any cartapaciatory utensil, and put in present +service, to the utter undoing of all the writing +thereof, both in its matter and order. One quinternion, +nevertheless, two days after the fight on +the Friday morning, together with two other loose +sheets more, by vertue of a drizelling rain, which +had made it stick fast to the ground, where there +was a heap of seven and twenty dead men lying +upon one another, was by the command of one +Master Braughton taken up by a servant of his; +who, after he had (in the best manner he could) +cleansed it from the mire and mud of the kennel, +did forthwith present it to the perusal of his +master; in whose hands it no sooner came, but instantly +perceiving by the periodical couching of the +discourse, marginal figures, and breaks here and +there, according to the variety of the subject, that +the whole purpose was destinated for the press, and +by the author put into a garb befitting either the +stationer or printer's acceptance; yet because it +seemed imperfect, and to have relation to subsequent +tractates, he made all the enquiry he could +for trial whether there were any more such quinternions +or no; by means whereof he got full +information that above three thousand sheets of the +like paper, written after that fashion, and with the +same hand, were utterly lost and imbezzeled, after +the manner aforesaid; and was so fully assured of +the misfortune, that to gather up spilt water, comprehend +the windes within his fist, and recover<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> +those papers again, he thought would be a work of +one and the same labour and facility."<a name="FNanchor_204_204" id="FNanchor_204_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_204_204" class="fnanchor">[204]</a></p> + +<p>The anonymous personage who gives the above +account says that he heard of Mr Braughton's +discovery of these remarkable documents, and also +of "the great moan made for the loss of Sir +Thomas Urquhart's manuscripts," and, putting the +two facts together, resolved to ask Sir Thomas if +the papers found at Worcester belonged to him. +He examined them, and identified them as part of +the preface to a grammar and lexicon of a Universal +Language, of which he was the inventor. The loss +of a work of such a size and of such great importance +did not greatly depress him. He stated +that if he got but encouragement and time, freedom +and the enjoyment of his ancestral estates, he +doubted not but that he could supply the missing +sheets—the originals of which had come to such +base uses and disastrous fate at Worcester. The +papers, therefore, found by Mr Braughton are +published in order that the readers may see the +reasonableness of giving Sir Thomas what he asked, +in view of the astounding benefits which he would +in return confer upon them. This is put with +great clearness and brevity in a couplet prefixed to +the above narrative:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"He should obtain all his desires,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who offers more than he requires."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The fragment of the treatise concerning the +Universal Language, which was picked up out of +the gutter of Worcester streets, wiped clean, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> +presented to the public in <i>The Jewel</i>, was republished +with additions in Sir Thomas Urquhart's +next work, so that we may here pass it over without +further notice and allude to some of the other +matters treated of.</p> + +<p>In order to vindicate the honour of his country, +Sir Thomas Urquhart tells at considerable length of +the fame won by various compatriots of his in war +in every part of Europe, during the earlier half of +the seventeenth century, and he draws the attention +of his readers to the fact that, at no battle in the +period named, were all the Scots that fought overthrown +and totally routed. The explanation of +this statement is that there were always Scots on +both sides, so that, if some were defeated and taken +prisoners, others of that nation were victorious and +givers of quarter. This part of the work is of +great historical value, and, as Burton remarks, is +not liable to the reproach of Urquhart's usual +wandering profuseness of language—its leading +defect, on the other hand, being its too great +resemblance at times to a muster-roll.</p> + +<p>The choicest and most remarkable passage in Sir +Thomas Urquhart's original works is, undoubtedly, +the description he gives in <i>The Jewel</i> of his +fellow-countryman "the Admirable Crichton," who +belonged to the latter part of the sixteenth century. +In an appendix<a name="FNanchor_205_205" id="FNanchor_205_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a> our readers may find a long extract +from it, in which that hero's feats are related. But +for fear of making the appendices out of all proportion +to the size of this volume, the whole sketch +might have been given. To most people the name<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> +of "the Admirable Crichton" is now a mere proverbial +phrase to describe a universal genius, and +whether the person who bore it is a historical or a +mythical character, is a matter of some uncertainty. +If any who are possessed of only this amount of +information on the subject seek for more by reading +our author's description of Crichton, the probability +is that they will decide that he is quite +mythical. The extraordinary flightiness, turgidity, +and bombast which mark the narrative, in spite of +its many conspicuous merits, make it seem a mere +piece of burlesque, rather than a genuine history;<a name="FNanchor_206_206" id="FNanchor_206_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_206_206" class="fnanchor">[206]</a> +and yet there is ample evidence of an unimpeachable +kind of the truthfulness of the main statements +which it contains. Sir Thomas Urquhart's +narrative was for a long time one of the principal +sources of information concerning the brilliant +young Scotchman, and the result was that a general +disbelief in the whole history became prevalent.<a name="FNanchor_207_207" id="FNanchor_207_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_207_207" class="fnanchor">[207]</a> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span> As Burton says, "It was from the hands of Sir +Thomas Urquhart that the world accepted of an +idol which, after a period of worship, it cast down, +but so hastily, as it was discovered, that it had +again to be set up, but rather in surly justice than +the old devout admiration."<a name="FNanchor_208_208" id="FNanchor_208_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_208_208" class="fnanchor">[208]</a> Tytler, in his <i>Life of +the Admirable Crichton</i>, gives full proof from contemporary +writers that the accomplishments and +feats ascribed to that personage are authentic.</p> + +<p>James Crichton was born in 1560, of a noble +family, at Eliock, in Perthshire. At the age of ten +he became a student at St. Andrews, then the most +famous university in Scotland. Before he was +fifteen years of age he graduated as Master of Arts,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> +and stood third in order of merit among the +students of his year. After leaving the university +he spent three years in the pursuit of learning, +devoting himself to one after another of the various +branches of the science and philosophy of his time, +until he had gone through nearly the whole of +them; and, by force of natural ability, aided, no +doubt, by intense application, he acquired the use +of ten different languages.</p> + +<p>Some time probably in the year 1578 he began +his foreign travels, with the desire not only to +enlarge his experience of the world, but also to +display the extent of his learning in those public +disputations which were still in fashion at the +continental universities. In form and countenance +he is said to have been a perfect model of manly +beauty; whilst in all the accomplishments of his +time he was as well versed as in the branches of +learning. He was a skilful swordsman, a bold +rider, a graceful dancer, a sweet singer, and a +cultivated musician. Soon after his arrival in +Paris he set up, in accordance with a custom of the +time, in various parts of the city, challenges to +literary and philosophic disputation, and announced +that he would present himself on a certain day at +the College of Navarre, to answer any questions +that might be put to him "in any science, liberal +art, discipline, or faculty, whether practical or +theoretic," and this in any one of twelve specified +languages—Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Latin, +Spanish, French, Italian, English, Dutch, Flemish, or +Selavonian. Our readers may find in the appendix +a full narrative in Sir Thomas Urquhart's inim<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span>itable +style of this extraordinary episode. Though +Crichton seemed to make no preparation for the +learned encounter, to which he had challenged the +most scholarly men in France, he acquitted himself +in such a manner as to astonish all beholders, and +to receive the congratulations of the president and +professors of the University of Paris. From this +display of his intellectual powers and acquirements, +as well as from the brilliant figure he cut at the +balls and tournaments, which were such favourite +employments of the Court of France at that time, +he acquired the title by which he is now universally +known—that of "the Admirable Crichton."<a name="FNanchor_209_209" id="FNanchor_209_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_209_209" class="fnanchor">[209]</a></p> + +<p>It is worth while to compare the passage in +Rabelais which describes the similar feats of the +giant Pantagruel with the account Sir Thomas +Urquhart gives of Crichton's intellectual tournaments.<a name="FNanchor_210_210" id="FNanchor_210_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_210_210" class="fnanchor">[210]</a> +To us there seems something very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> +ridiculous in the practice of posting up placards on +the walls, challenging all-comers to disputation, but +in the sixteenth century it would not necessarily +appear in this light. Rabelais, indeed, laughed at +it; but then he laughed at many things which the +people of his time did not think absurd. John +Hill Burton is of the opinion that Sir Thomas +Urquhart, in describing the way in which Crichton +conducted himself on the field which had witnessed +Pantagruel's feats, had the ridicule of Rabelais in +view, and that, in spite of his laudations, we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> +cannot help having the impression that his tongue +is all the time in his cheek. We think that this +is unfair to Sir Thomas. There is no reason why +those who looked on in admiration at a real tournament +should not also enjoy seeing a burlesque +one. So that it is quite possible that our author +smiled while he translated the French satire, and +that he glowed with honest pride and admiration +as he recounted his fellow-countryman's exploits +before the University of Paris.</p> + + +<p>After serving for a couple of years in the French +army, Crichton journeyed into Italy, and in the +month of August, 1580, arrived in Venice. He +made the acquaintance of the famous printer, Aldus +Manutius, who introduced him to the principal +men of learning and note in that city. Here he +maintained the reputation he had acquired in Paris, +and lives of him were written and published. From +Venice he proceeded to Padua, and from thence to +the Court of Mantua, where the adventure occurred +with which Sir Thomas Urquhart begins the +narrative of his celebrated fellow-countryman's +exploits, namely, the defeat and death of the travelling +bravo, whose challenge he had accepted. Sir +Thomas is the only authority for this incident in +Crichton's history. As there is no reason to believe +that he invented it, we are at liberty to suppose +that he found it in some one of the lives of +Crichton which he met with in his Italian travels, +but which has not come down to us, or that he +heard of it from some of those who witnessed it. +For, as Urquhart was born only twenty-three years +after Crichton's death, he must, in the course of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> +his continental travels, have met some who were +his contemporaries.<a name="FNanchor_211_214" id="FNanchor_211_214"></a><a href="#Footnote_211_214" class="fnanchor">[211]</a></p> + +<p>In consequence of this achievement, and also +of the brilliant reputation acquired by Crichton, he +was appointed by the Duke of Mantua, companion +and tutor to his son, Vincenzio de Gonzaga, a +young man of some literary culture, but of furious +temper and dissolute morals. Very soon after, +Crichton met his death in a tragical manner. He +was walking home one evening in the streets of +Mantua, from a visit to his mistress, and was +playing a guitar, when suddenly he was attacked +by a riotous party of men in masks, whom, however, +he speedily put to flight. He seized the +leader of the party, overpowered him, and tore off +his mask, and found to his horror that it was his +own pupil, the son of the Duke of Mantua. He +instantly dropped upon one knee, and, in a spirit +of romantic devotion, took his sword by the blade, +and presented its hilt to the prince. Vincenzio, +heated with wine, irritated at his discomfiture, and +also, it is said by some, inspired by jealousy, took +the sword and plunged it into Crichton's heart. +The brilliant young Scotsman was but twenty-two +years of age when he thus met his fate.</p> + +<p>The narrative which Sir Thomas Urquhart gives +of the death of his hero is marked by the same +richness of description as is to be found in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span> +account of his exploits as a scholar, a swordsman, +and an actor. In language of astonishing luxuriance +and frequent happiness of phrase, he enlarges upon +the incidents of the last evening of Crichton's life, +and depicts the tender intercourse of the lovers +before the sudden and bloodly close of their +courtship. With a minuteness which, as Tytler +remarks, reminds one of the multitude of particulars +by the enumeration of which Mrs Quickly sought +to bring to Falstaff's remembrance his promise to +marry her,<a name="FNanchor_212_215" id="FNanchor_212_215"></a><a href="#Footnote_212_215" class="fnanchor">[212]</a> Sir Thomas Urquhart depicts the lovers +in the "alcoranal paradise" in which they were +embowered on that evening. "Nothing," he says, +"tending to the pleasure of all the senses was +wanting; the weather being a little chil and +coldish, they on a blue velvet couch sate by one +another towards a char-coale fire burning in a +silver brasero, whilst in the next room adjacent +thereto a pretty little round table of cedar wood +was a covering for the supping of them two +together; the cates prepared for them, and a week<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span> +before that time bespoke, were of the choisest +dainties and most delicious junkets that all the +territories of Italy were able to afford, and that +deservedly, for all the Romane Empire could not +produce a completer paire to taste them."<a name="FNanchor_213_216" id="FNanchor_213_216"></a><a href="#Footnote_213_216" class="fnanchor">[213]</a></p> + +<p>A tragical note rings through the description of +the lamentation of the hapless girl over her +murdered lover. "She, rending her garments and +tearing her haire, like one of the Graces possest +with a Fury, spoke thus: 'O villains! what have +you done? you vipers of men, that have thus +basely slaine the valiant Crichtoun, the sword of +his own sexe and the buckler of ours, the glory of +this age, and restorer of the lost honour of the +Court of Mantua: O Crichtoun, Crichtoun!'"<a name="FNanchor_214_217" id="FNanchor_214_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_214_217" class="fnanchor">[214]</a></p> + +<p>The sequel of the story is in the same vein +of florid eloquence. "The whole court," says Sir +Thomas, "wore mourning for him full three +quarters of a yeer together. His funeral was very +stately, and on his hearse were stuck more epitaphs, +elegies, threnodies, and epicediums, then [than], if +digested into one book, would have outbulk't all +Homer's works; some of them being couched in +such exquisite and fine Latin, that you would have +thought great Virgil, and Baptista Mantuanus, for +the love of their mother-city, had quit the Elysian +fields to grace his obsequies; and other of them, +besides what was done in other languages, composed +in so neat Italian, and so purely fancied, as if +Ariosto, Dante, Petrark, and Bembo had been +purposely resuscitated, to stretch even to the +utmost their poetick vein to the honour of this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span> +brave man; whose picture till this hour is to be +seen in the bed-chambers or galleries of the most +of the great men of that nation, representing him +on horseback, with a lance in one hand and a book +in the other; and most of the young ladies likewise, +<i>that were anything handsome</i>,<a name="FNanchor_215_218" id="FNanchor_215_218"></a><a href="#Footnote_215_218" class="fnanchor">[215]</a> in a memorial of his +worth, had his effigies in a little oval tablet of gold +hanging 'twixt their breasts, and held, for many +yeers together, that metamazion, or intermammilary +ornament, an as necessary outward pendicle for the +better setting forth of their accoutrements, as +either fan, watch, or stomacher. My lord Duke, +upon the young lady that was Crichtoun's mistres +and future wife, although she had good rents and +revenues of her own by inheritance, was pleased to +conferr a pension of five hundred ducats a yeer. +The Prince also bestowed as much on her during +all the days of his life, which was but short, for he +did not long enjoy himself after the cross fate of +so miserable an accident. The sweet lady, like a +turtle bewailing the loss of her mate, spent all the +rest of her time in a continual solitariness."<a name="FNanchor_216_219" id="FNanchor_216_219"></a><a href="#Footnote_216_219" class="fnanchor">[216]</a></p> + +<p>After giving a long list of his fellow-countrymen +who had won fame in foreign lands by their valour,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> +learning, or skill, in order to put to silence those +who maligned his nation, Sir Thomas Urquhart +takes up a less pleasing topic—that of contemporary +politics. In the plainest and most forcible +manner he repudiates the whole policy of the +dominant party in Scotland, and declares that a +true Royalist or Malignant like himself had much +more in common with an Independent, than either +of them had with a Presbyterian; and he enlarges +upon the turbulent disloyalty with which so many +of the last-named party had, in his opinion, conducted +themselves towards their sovereigns since +Queen Mary's time, evidently in forgetfulness for +the moment that his newly-found friends, the +Independents, had executed Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span> and abolished +monarchy.</p> + +<p>His account of the mode in which the Presbyterian +or "Consistorian" party were in the habit of treating +their kings is very amusing. "Of a king," he says, +"they onely make use for their own ends, and so +they will of any other supreme magistracie that is +not of their own erection. Their kings are but as +the kings of Lacedemon, whom the Ephors presumed +to fine for any small offence; or as the puppy +[puppet] kings, which, after children have trimmed +with bits of taffata, and ends of silver lace, and set +them upon wainscoat cupboards besides marmalade +and sugar-cakes, are often times disposed of, even by +those that did pretend so much respect unto them, +for a two-peny custard, a pound of figs, or mess of +cream. Verily, I think they make use of kings in +their Consistorian State, as we do of card kings in +playing at the hundred; any one whereof, if there<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> +be appearance of a better game without him, and +that the exchange of him for another incoming card +is like to conduce more for drawing of the stake, is +by good gamesters without any ceremony discarded: +or as the French on the Epiphany-day use their +<i>Roy de la Febre</i>, or king of the bean; whom, after +they have honoured with drinking of his health, +and shouting <i>Le Roy boit, le Roy boit</i>, they make pay +for all the reckoning; not leaving him sometimes +one peny, rather then [than] that the exorbitancie +of their debosh should not be satisfied to the full. +They may be likewise said to use their king as the +players at nine-pins do the middle kyle, which they +call the king; at whose fall alone they aim, the +sooner to obtain the gaining of their prize; or +as about Christmas we do the King of Misrule, +whom we invest with that title to no other end +but to countenance the bacchanalian riots and +preposterous disorders of the family where he is +installed. The truth of all this appears by their +demeanour to Charles the Second, whom they +crowned their king at Sterlin, and who, though +he be for comeliness of person, valour, affability, +mercy, piety, closeness of counsel, veracity, foresight, +knowledge, and other vertues both moral and intellectual, +in nothing inferior to any of his hundred +and ten predecessors, had nevertheless no more rule +in effect over the Presbyterian Senate of Scotland, +then [than] any of the six foresaid mock-kings had +above those by whom they were dignified with the +splendour of royal pomp."<a name="FNanchor_217_220" id="FNanchor_217_220"></a><a href="#Footnote_217_220" class="fnanchor">[217]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span></p> +<p>The passage in <i>The Jewel</i> which tells of the faults +of the clergy, as illustrated by the conduct of the +ministers of the parishes of which Sir Thomas was +patron, has already been given in these pages, and +therefore need not be repeated here; but room +must be found for the paragraph in which he +denounces those who by their covetousness had cast +a slur upon the Scottish name. The art of writing +such English perished with him, its inventor; and +one cannot be too thankful for such a passage as +the following. "Another thing there is," he says, +"that fixeth a grievous scandal upon that nation in +matter of philargyrie, or love of money, and it is +this: There hath been in London, and repairing to +it, for these many years together, a knot of Scotish +bankers, collybists, or coine-coursers, of traffickers +in merchandise to and againe, and of men of other +professions, who by hook and crook, <i>fas et nefas</i>, +slight and might, (all being as fish their net could +catch), having feathered their nests to some purpose, +look so idolatrously upon their Dagon of wealth, and +so closely, (like the earth's dull center), hug all unto +themselves, that for no respect of vertue, honour, +kinred, patriotism, or whatever else, (be it never so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> +recommendable), will they depart from so much as +one single peny, whose emission doth not, without +any hazard of loss, in a very short time superlucrate +beyond all conscience an additionall increase to +the heap of that stock which they so much adore; +which churlish and tenacious humor hath made +many that were not acquainted with any else of +that country, to imagine all their compatriots infected +with the same leprosie of a wretched peevishness, +whereof those <i>quomodocunquizing</i> clusterfists +and rapacious varlets have given of late such +cannibal-like proofs, by their inhumanity and +obdurate carriage towards some, (whose shoe-strings +they are not worthy to unty), that were it not that +a more able pen then [than] mine will assuredly +not faile to jerk them on all sides, in case, by their +better demeanour for the future, they endeavour not +to wipe off the blot wherewith their native country, +by their sordid avarice and miserable baseness, hath +been so foully stained, I would at this very instant +blaze them out in their names and surnames, notwithstanding +the vizard of Presbyterian zeal wherewith +they maske themselves, that like so many +wolves, foxes, or Athenian Timons, they might in +all times coming be debarred the benefit of any +honest conversation."<a name="FNanchor_218_221" id="FNanchor_218_221"></a><a href="#Footnote_218_221" class="fnanchor">[218]</a></p> + +<p>After suggesting a number of ways in which the +tone of society in Scotland might be raised and +sweetened—one of which is the establishment of +"a free schoole and standing library in every +parish"<a name="FNanchor_219_222" id="FNanchor_219_222"></a><a href="#Footnote_219_222" class="fnanchor">[219]</a>—Sir Thomas proceeds to argue in a very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> +sensible and convincing manner for complete union +between Scotland and England. The subject is +introduced by lengthy quotations from speeches by +Bacon, delivered by him in Parliament as far back +as the year 1608, in which the advantages of such +an arrangement are set forth.</p> + +<p>The style of our author is seen at its worst in +the peroration to <i>The Jewel</i>, in which he apologizes +for the comparative simplicity, if not baldness, by +which, in the opinion of some, it might be thought +to be characterised. "I could truly," he says, "have +enlarged this discourse with a choicer variety of +phrase, and made it overflow the field of the +reader's understanding, with an inundation of greater +eloquence; and that one way, tropologetically, by +metonymical, ironical, metaphorical, and synecdochical +instruments of elocution, in all their +several kinds, artificially affected, according to the +nature of the subject, with emphatical expressions +in things of great concernment, with catachrestical +in matters of meaner moment; attended on each +side respectively with an epiplectick and exegetick +modification; with hyperbolical, either epitatically +or hypocoristically, as the purpose required to be +elated or extenuated, with qualifying metaphors, +and accompanied by apostrophes; and lastly, with +allegories of all sorts, whether apologal, affabulatory, +parabolary, ænigmatick, or paræmial. And on the +other part, schematologetically adorning the proposed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span> +theam with the most especial and chief flowers of +the garden of rhetorick, and omitting no figure either +of diction or sentence, that might contribute to the +ear's enchantment, or perswasion of the hearer. I +could have introduced, in case of obscurity, synonymal, +exargastick, and palilogetick elucidations; for +sweetness of phrase, antimetathetick commutations +of epithets; for the vehement excitation of a matter, +exclamation in the front, and epiphonemas in the +reer. I could have used, for the promptlier stirring +up of passion, apostrophal and prosopopœiel diversions; +and, for the appeasing and settling of them, +some epanorthotick revocations, and aposiopetick +restraines. I could have inserted dialogismes, +displaying their interrogatory part with communicatively +pysmatick and sustentative flourishes; or +proleptically, with the refutative schemes of anticipation +and subjection, and that part which concerns +the responsory, with the figures of permission and +concession. Speeches extending a matter beyond +what it is, auxetically, digressively, transitiously, by +ratiocination, ætiology, circumlocution, and other +wayes, I could have made use of; as likewise with +words diminishing the worth of a thing, tapinotically, +periphrastically, by rejection, translation, and other +meanes, I could have served myself."<a name="FNanchor_220_223" id="FNanchor_220_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_220_223" class="fnanchor">[220]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p> +<p>He goes on for a long time in this strain, and +is at pains to explain that, if the work had been +written in this more elaborate manner, it would not +necessarily have been found tedious even by young +ladies. "I could have presented it to the imagination," +he says, "in so spruce a garb, that spirits +blest with leisure, and free from the urgency of +serious employments, would happily have bestowed +as liberally some few houres thereon as on the +perusal of a new-coined romance, or strange history +of love adventures. For although the figures and +tropes above rehearsed seem in their <i>actu signato</i>, (as +they signifie meer notional circumstances, affections, +adjuncts, and dependencies on words), to be a little +pedantical, and to the smooth touch of a delicate +ear somewhat harsh and scabrous, yet in their +exerced act, (as they suppone for things reduplicatively +as things in the first apprehension of the +minde, by them signified), I could, even in far abstruser +purposes, have so fitly adjusted them with apt and +proper termes, and with such perspicuity couched +them, as would have been suitable to the capacities +of courtiers and young ladies,<a name="FNanchor_221_224" id="FNanchor_221_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_221_224" class="fnanchor">[221]</a> whose tender hearing, +for the most part, being more taken with the in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span>sinuating +harmony of a well-concerted period, in its +isocoletick and parisonal members, then [than] with +the never-so-pithy a fancy of a learned subject, +destitute of the illustriousness of so pathetick +ornaments, will sooner convey perswasion to the +interior faculties from the ravishing assault of a +well-disciplined diction, in a parade of curiously-mustered +words in their several ranks and files +then [than] by the vigour and fierceness of never so +many powerful squadrons of a promiscuously-digested +elocution into bare logical arguments; for the sweetness +of their disposition is more easily gained by +undermining passion then [than] storming reason, +and by the musick and symmetry of a descourse +in its external appurtenances, then [than] by all +the puissance imaginary of the ditty or purpose +disclosed by it."<a name="FNanchor_222_225" id="FNanchor_222_225"></a><a href="#Footnote_222_225" class="fnanchor">[222]</a></p> + +<p>The last of Sir Thomas Urquhart's original works +was his "<span class="smcap">Logopandecteision</span>, or an <span class="smcap">Introduction to +the Universal Language</span>," a portion of which, as +already mentioned, had been embedded in the conglomerate +mass of <i>The Jewel</i>. The idea of a universal +language was not originated by Urquhart, for it is +said that something of the kind had been planned a +generation earlier by the celebrated William Bedell +(1570-1642), the Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh, +who is better known for promoting the translation +of the Bible into the Irish tongue. We are +told by Burnet, who wrote his life, that he had +in his diocese a clergyman named Johnston, a man +of ability, but, unfortunately, of "mercurial wit." +In order to give him adequate employment, and to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span> +keep him, we suppose, out of mischief, Bedell +planned out a scheme for a universal character, +which should be understood by all nations as +readily as the Arabic numerals or the figures in +geometry, and started Johnston upon the task of +completing it. He made, we are told, considerable +progress with the scheme, but his labours were +interrupted, and the results of them destroyed, by +the frightful rebellion of 1641.</p> + +<p>The <i>Logopandecteision</i><a name="FNanchor_223_226" id="FNanchor_223_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_223_226" class="fnanchor">[223]</a> is divided into six books, +which bear names of the remarkable kind which +seem to come so readily to Urquhart's tongue, and +are so hard to be compassed by the tongues of +others. The "Epistle Dedicatorie" is an elaborate +piece of writing, and is animated by considerable +bitterness of spirit. It is addressed to Nobody—the +person who has assisted him in his labours, +pitied him in his sorrows, and relieved him in his +penury. It is only the first book—entitled +"Neaudethaumata, or Wonders of the New Speech"—which +makes a pretence of dealing with the professed +subject of the volume, and of laying the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> +great scheme before the reader. Much to the +gratification of the judicious student of the work, +Urquhart rambles off in the remaining books into +autobiographical details, from which we have already +gleaned heavily in the earlier chapters of this +volume, and the only connexion between them and +the Universal Language is that they show the +difficulties which prevented the author from carrying +out his plan. The sources from which these +difficulties arose are vaguely indicated in the titles of +the books: thus, the second is called "Chrestasebeia, +or Impious Dealing of Creditors"; the third, "Cleronomaporia, +or the Intricacy of a Distressed Successor +or Apparent Heir"; the fourth, "Chryseomystes, or +the Covetous Preacher"; and the fifth, "Neleodicastes, +or the Pitiless Judge." While the sixth book is entitled +"Philoponauxesis, or Furtherance of Industry," +and tells of the marvellous benefits which would accrue +to all branches of trade, manufacture, and industry +in Scotland, if the writer's demands were granted, +and he were at liberty to carry out the multitudinous +schemes with which his mind was filled. The +volume concludes with requests or "proquiritations" +from thirty-two distinct petitioners, who modestly +conceal themselves from public notice under the +shelter of the initial letters of their names, that the +State would, for the various weighty reasons which +they allege, grant the desire of Sir Thomas to be +set free, and to be established in possession of the +estates and honours which his family had enjoyed +from time immemorial. This section of the work +suggests failure in ingenuity on the part of the +author, for few persons above the condition of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span> +idiocy could surely be found capable of believing +that the reasons and initials alike were anything +else than the concoction of Sir Thomas himself.</p> + +<p>Very slight indeed can be the notice which we +are able to give of the proposed Universal Language, +the description of which, as set forth in the early +part of the <i>Logopandecteision</i>, is more like an incoherent +dream than anything else. There is no +evidence that Sir Thomas Urquhart ever really +made a grammar or vocabulary of the new language. +Indeed, he writes about it in such a manner as to +lead one to think that he had made no way in the +real working out of the scheme, but merely dreamed +of what he was going to do. In the new tongue +which was to supersede all others there were to be +twelve parts of speech, all words would have at +least ten synonyms, nouns and pronouns would +have eleven cases and four numbers—singular, +dual, plural, and redual—and verbs would have +four voices, seven moods, and eleven tenses. "In +this tongue," says the author, "there are eleven +genders,<a name="FNanchor_224_227" id="FNanchor_224_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_224_227" class="fnanchor">[224]</a> wherein," he truthfully adds, "it exceedeth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span> +all other languages." "Every word in this language," +we are told, "signifieth as well backward as forward, +and however you invert the letters, still shall you +fall upon significant words, whereby a wonderful +facility is obtained in making of anagrams.... +Of all languages, this is the most compendious in +complement, and consequently fittest for courtiers +and ladies.... As its interjections are more +numerous, so are they more emphatical in their +respective expression of passions, then [than] that +part of speech is in any other language whatsoever."<a name="FNanchor_225_228" id="FNanchor_225_228"></a><a href="#Footnote_225_228" class="fnanchor">[225]</a> +And finally Sir Thomas vouches for its conciseness +in a hyperbole which it would be difficult to excel. +"This language," he says, "affordeth so concise +words for numbering, that the number for setting +down, whereof would require in vulgar arithmetic +more figures in a row then [than] there might be +grains of sand containable from the center of the +earth to the highest heavens, is in it expressed by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> +two letters."<a name="FNanchor_226_229" id="FNanchor_226_229"></a><a href="#Footnote_226_229" class="fnanchor">[226]</a> A considerable revenue might be +secured if the rule found at the end of some of +Grimm's <i>Household Tales</i> were applied to this statement, +and strictly enforced: "Whosoever does not +believe this must pay a thaler." In a very innocent +manner our author excuses himself for the extravagant +praise he has poured out upon his own +invention. "Why it is," he exclaims, "I should +extoll the worth thereof, without the jeopardy of +vaine glory, the reason is clear and evident, being +necessitated ... to merchandise it for the redintegrating +of an ancient family, it needeth not be +thought strange, that in some measure I descend +to the fashion of the shop-keepers, who, to scrue +up the buyer to the higher price, will tell them no +better can be had for mony, 'tis the choicest ware +in England, and if any can match it, he shall have +it for nought.... [And so] I went on in my +laudatives, to procure the greater longing, that an +ardent desire might stir up an emacity [a propensity +to buy], to the furtherance of my proposed +end." One is obliged sadly to assent to his further +statement about such conduct—"whereof ... +there wanteth not store of presidents [precedents]."<a name="FNanchor_227_230" id="FNanchor_227_230"></a><a href="#Footnote_227_230" class="fnanchor">[227]</a></p> + + +<p>Hugh Miller, animated by the patriotic zeal +which prompts one North Briton to stand by +another, and with the desire to make out the best +case possible for one who was not only a fellow-countryman, +but also a fellow-townsman, speaks in +high terms of Urquhart's inventive powers as displayed +in the <i>Logopandecteision</i>. "The new chemical +vocabulary," he says, "with all its philosophical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> +ingenuity, is constructed on principles exactly +similar to those which he divulged more than a +hundred years prior to its invention, in the preface +to his Universal Language."<a name="FNanchor_228_231" id="FNanchor_228_231"></a><a href="#Footnote_228_231" class="fnanchor">[228]</a> This is a statement +which it is rather difficult to understand. The only +indication of the nature of the new tongue which +we can glean from Sir Thomas's description of it, +is that every letter of every word in it would have +a meaning, so that when anyone who knew the +principles of the language heard a word for the +first time, he would understand it.<a name="FNanchor_229_232" id="FNanchor_229_232"></a><a href="#Footnote_229_232" class="fnanchor">[229]</a> Now, of course, +it is true that anyone who knows the principle of +the nomenclature of salts, to which, we suppose, +Hugh Miller refers, can tell a good deal about a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> +salt from the name of it, say, nitrate of potassium, +KNO<sub>3</sub>, but it would be impossible to invent a +systematic nomenclature of which this would not +be true.</p> + +<p>The same author is also very much impressed by +the fact that the new language was to contain the +dual, and regards this, on Lord Monboddo's authority, +as a proof of philosophical acumen on the part +of the inventor. He does not take any notice of +the "redual," which the language was also to contain, +and which might have been taken as an +indication of double-distilled wisdom. Lord Monboddo +(1714-1799) says of the Greek language +that if there "were nothing else to convince him of +its being a work of philosophers and grammarians, +its dual number would of itself be sufficient; for as +certainly as the principles of body are the point, +the line, and the surface, the principles of number +are the monad and the duad, though philosophers +only are aware of the fact." The idea that this +venerated instrument for the expression or concealment +of thought was the concoction of a committee +of primitive sages, and that they deliberately invented +the dual, and added it as another spike to +the <i>chevaux-de-frise</i> through which our young +people, of both sexes, have to struggle<a name="FNanchor_230_233" id="FNanchor_230_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_230_233" class="fnanchor">[230]</a> on their +way to the Temple of Learning, is truly revolting. +One would not like to think that the ancient<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> +Greeks were quite so malicious as to do a thing +like that. It is more probably the case that, like +other Aryans, they received the dual as part of +the inheritance of the past, handed down to them, +and retained it; while in some of the cognate +languages<a name="FNanchor_231_234" id="FNanchor_231_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_231_234" class="fnanchor">[231]</a> it was gradually rubbed off, very much +in the same way as Lord Monboddo's men lost their +tails, when they gave up their arboreal habits, +and betook themselves to sedentary occupations.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_199_199" id="Footnote_199_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_199"><span class="label">[199]</span></a> Its title-page is as follows:—ΕΚΣΚΥΒΑΛΑƱΡΟΝ: Or, The +Discovery of A MOST EXQUISITE JEWEL, more precious then +[than] <span class="smcap">Diamonds</span> inchased in Gold, the like whereof was never +seen in any age; found in the kennel of <i>Worcester</i>-streets, the day +after the Fight, and six before the Autumnal Equinox, <i>anno</i> 1651. +Serving in this place, To Frontal a <span class="smcap">Vindication</span> of the honour of +<span class="smcap">Scotland</span>, from that Infamy, whereinto the Rigid <i>Presbyterian +party</i> of that Nation, out of their Covetousness and ambition, most +dissembledly hath involved it. <i>Distichon ad Librum sequitur, +quo tres ter adæquant Musarum numerum, casus et articuli.</i> +</p> +<table summary="partsofspeech"> +<tr><td><i>voc.</i></td><td> <i>nom.</i></td><td> 1 <i>abl.</i></td><td> 2 <i>abl.</i> </td><td><i>dat.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td>O thou'rt </td><td>a Book </td><td>in truth </td><td>with love </td><td>to many,</td></tr> +<tr><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td>3 <i>abl.</i></td><td colspan='3'> 4 <i>abl. acc.</i></td><td> <i>gen.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td>Done</td><td> by </td><td colspan='3'>and for the free'st spoke Scot</td><td> of any.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p> +<i>Efficiens et finis sunt sibi invicem causæ.</i> <span class="smcap">London</span>, Printed by Ja: +Cottrel; and are to be sold by <i>Rich. Buddeley</i>, at the Middle-Temple-Gate. +1652.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_200_200" id="Footnote_200_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_200"><span class="label">[200]</span></a> ΕΚΣΚΥΒΑΛΑΟΡΟΝ is supposed to be the Greek for "<i>Gold out +of the dirt</i>." Dr Irving, the author of a very carefully-written +memoir of Sir Thomas Urquhart, in his <i>Lives of Scottish Writers</i>, +vol. ii., is a little puzzled by this extraordinary name. The latter +part of it was, he thought, perhaps connected with αυριον—"to-morrow"—in +allusion to the fact that this "exquisite Jewel" was +taken out of the kennel <i>the morrow</i> after the battle of Worcester. +But the word is evidently αυρον—the Lat. <i>aurum</i>, "gold." In the +"Postilla" to the Pedigree of the Urquharts, our author says that +"the shire of Cromartie ... hath the names of its towns, villages, +hamlets, dwellings, promontories, hillocks, temples, dens, groves, +fountains, rivers, pools, lakes, stone heaps, akers, and so forth, +of pure and perfect Greek." We need not be surprised that Sir +Thomas's Greek has more affinity with the vernacular form of the +language current in the Cromartie of his time than with the Attic +of the age of Pericles, +</p><p><br /> +"<i>For Greke of Athenes was to him unknowé.</i>"<br /> +</p><p> +Probably in this northern dialect of the Greek tongue αὑρον was +used instead of the more classical χρυσὁς. Another indication of +the difference between the Cromartian and Attic forms of speech +is given by Sir Thomas in the same treatise in the name Αλεξἁνδηρ, +which Thucydides would have written Αλἑξανδρος.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_201_201" id="Footnote_201_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_201"><span class="label">[201]</span></a> Sir Egerton Brydges, Bart., an author who combines a great +many of the peculiarities of the two Sir Thomas Urquharts, the +father and the son, and who has recorded his experiences in an +<i>Autobiography</i>, lays stress in like manner upon this quality of +speed in composition. Thus he says of his little novel, <i>Mary de +Clifford</i> (published in 1792), "it was written with a fervent +rapidity, which no one seems to believe;—begun in October, 1791, +and the sheets sent to the press by the post, as fast as they were +scribbled." The passage in which he refers to the vexations to +which he had been subjected is worth quoting, on account of its +similarity to our Sir Thomas's story. "I have suffered," he says, +"a hundred times more disappointments, and crosses, and insults, +and wrongs, and deprivations, than Chatterton, yet my spirit, +though bent and sunk, was never broken. I am calm and defiant, +though not hopeful, in proportion as the storm presses me;—and +what trials have I not undergone? I do not mean to relate all +these trials; it would involve the conduct of obscure individuals, +many of whom are still living" (<i>Autobiography</i>, pp. 8, 9).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_202_202" id="Footnote_202_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_202_202"><span class="label">[202]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 181.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_203_203" id="Footnote_203_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_203_203"><span class="label">[203]</span></a> <i>I.e.</i> at such an extremity liable to be forfeited to the victorious +soldier.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_204_204" id="Footnote_204_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_204"><span class="label">[204]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, pp. 189, 190.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_205_205" id="Footnote_205_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_205_205"><span class="label">[205]</span></a> Appendix II. p. 215.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_206_206" id="Footnote_206_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_206"><span class="label">[206]</span></a> "This part is written in a euphuistic, rhapsodical vein, and +affords an indication of the saturation of Urquhart's mind with the +style of Rabelais. It might almost be pieced together from the +meeting of Pantagruel with the Limousin scholar, the discomfiture +of Thaumast by Panurge, and the meeting of Pantegruel and his +party with Queen Entelechia" (W. F. Smith's Introduction to +<i>Rabelais</i>).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_207_207" id="Footnote_207_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_207_207"><span class="label">[207]</span></a> Dr Kippis, the editor of the <i>Biographia Britannica, or Lives +of the Most Eminent Persons who have Flourished in Great Britain +and Ireland</i> (1789), had a bad time in writing the notice of +Crichton that appears in it. He says that he entered upon the +task with diffidence, and even with anxiety. On the one hand, +he was desirous not to detract from Crichton's real merit, and, on +the other, he wished to form a just estimate of the truth of the +facts which are recorded concerning him. Part of his perturbation +of mind was due to the indignation which he felt towards our +author, whose narrative of Crichton's adventures he regarded as +utterly untrustworthy. At an early stage in the article he +remarks: "And here it must be observed that no credit can be +granted to any facts which depend upon the sole authority of Sir +Thomas Urquhart.... I must declare my full persuasion that +Sir Thomas Urquhart is an author whose testimony to facts is +totally unworthy of regard; and it is surprising that a perusal of +his works does not strike every mind with this conviction. His +productions are so inexpressibly absurd and extravagant, that the +only rational judgment which can be pronounced concerning him +is, that he was little, if at all, better than a madman. To the +character of his having been a madman must be added that of his +being a liar. Severe as this term may be thought, I apprehend +that a diligent examination of the treatise which contains the +memorials concerning Crichton would show that it is strictly true." +The censure uttered by Dr Kippis <i>is</i> very severe, but some excuse +for him is easily found. He was anxious to make his dictionary +of biography a mine of facts on which the public could rely with +absolute confidence; and he saw before him the danger of quoting +as an authority a writer like Urquhart, who so palpably elongated +facts and embroidered them with fancies. His opinion with +regard to the <i>Pedigree</i> of the Urquharts is given on p. 144.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_208_208" id="Footnote_208_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_208_208"><span class="label">[208]</span></a> <i>The Scot Abroad</i>, p. 256. In the <i>Adventurer</i>, No. 81, Dr +Johnson has reproduced Sir Thomas Urquhart's narrative of the +career of Crichton, but has toned down its glowing colours.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_209_209" id="Footnote_209_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_209_209"><span class="label">[209]</span></a> The reader will remember that this simply meant the +"Wonderful Crichton"—this use of the word "admire" being +now archaic.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_210_210" id="Footnote_210_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_210_210"><span class="label">[210]</span></a> The passage in Rabelais is as follows:—"Pantagruel ... +would one day make trial of his knowledge. Thereupon in all +the Carrefours, that is, throughout all the foure quarters, streets +and corners of the city, he set up Conclusions to the number of +nine thousand seven hundred sixty and foure,<a name="FNanchor_A_211" id="FNanchor_A_211"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_211" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> in all manner of +learning, touching in them the hardest doubts that are in any +science. And first of all, in the Fodder-street<a name="FNanchor_B_212" id="FNanchor_B_212"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_212" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> he held disputes +against all the Regents or Fellowes of Colledges, Artists or Masters +of Arts, and Oratours, and did so gallantly, that he overthrew +them, and set them all upon their tailes. He went afterwards to +the Sorboune, where he maintained argument against all the +Theologians or Divines, for the space of six weeks, from foure +a clock in the morning until six in the evening, except an interval +of two houres to refresh themselves, and take their repast. And at +this were present the greatest part of the Lords of the Court, +the Masters of Requests, Presidents, Counsellors, those of the +Accompts, Secretaries, Advocates, and others: as also the Sheriffes +of the said town, with the Physicians and Professors of the Canon-Law. +Amongst which it is to be remarked, that the greatest part +were stubborn jades, and in their opinions obstinate; but he took +such course with them, that, for all their ergo's and fallacies, he +put their backs to the wall, gravelled them in the deepest +questions, and made it visibly appear to the world, that, compared +to him, they were but monkies, and a knot of mufled calves. +Whereupon everybody began to keep a bustling noise, and talk of +his so marvellous knowledge, through all degrees of persons in both +sexes, even to the very laundresses, brokers, rostmeat-sellers, +penknife-makers, and others, who, when he past along in the +street, would say, This is he! in which he took delight, as +Demosthenes the prince of Greek oratours did when an old crouching +wife, pointing at him with her fingers, said, That is the +man"<a name="FNanchor_C_213" id="FNanchor_C_213"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_213" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> (ii. chap. 10).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_211" id="Footnote_A_211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_211"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Pico della Mirandola in the winter of 1486-87 offered to maintain at Rome +900 theses <i>de omni scitili</i> (W. F. S.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_212" id="Footnote_B_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_212"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> <i>Rue de la Feurre</i> (near the Place Maubert) was the street in Paris where +the poorer students used to lodge. It got its name because straw served +them for beds and furniture. Dante says in <i>Par.</i> x. 137: +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Essa è la luce eterua di Sigieri,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Che, leggendo nel vico degli strami,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Sillogizzo invidiosi veri."<br /></span> +<p><span class="i0"><br /></span></p> +<span class="i0">(<i>Ibid.</i>)<br /></span> +</div></div> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_213" id="Footnote_C_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_213"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Cf. "At pulchrum est, digito monstrari, et dicier: Hic est" (<i>Pers.</i> i. 28). +(<i>Ibid.</i>)</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_211_214" id="Footnote_211_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_211_214"><span class="label">[211]</span></a> He says in reference to the whole history of Crichton: "The +verity of this story I have here related, concerning this incomparable +Crichton, may be certified by above two thousand men yet +living, who have known him" (<i>Works</i>, p. 244). There can +scarcely have been so many, unless centenarians were much +commoner then than now.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_212_215" id="Footnote_212_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_212_215"><span class="label">[212]</span></a> "Thou didst swear to me upon a parcel-gilt goblet, sitting in +my Dolphin-chamber, at the round table, by a sea-coal fire, upon +Wednesday in Wheeson week, when the prince broke thy head +for liking his father to a singing-man of Windsor; thou didst +swear to me then, as I was washing thy wound, to marry me and +make me my lady thy wife. Canst thou deny it? Did not good-wife +Keech, the butcher's wife, come in then and call me gossip +Quickly? coming in to borrow a mess of vinegar; telling us she +had a good dish of prawns; whereby thou didst desire to eat +some; whereby I told thee they were ill for a green wound! +And didst thou not, when she was gone down stairs, desire me to +be no more so familiarity with such poor people; saying that ere +long they should call me madam? And didst thou not kiss me, +and bid me fetch thee thirty shillings? I put thee now to thy +book-oath: deny it, if thou canst" (<i>2 Henry IV.</i> <span class="smcap">II.</span> i.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_213_216" id="Footnote_213_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_213_216"><span class="label">[213]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 234.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_214_217" id="Footnote_214_217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_214_217"><span class="label">[214]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 243.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_215_218" id="Footnote_215_218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_215_218"><span class="label">[215]</span></a> The italics are ours.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_216_219" id="Footnote_216_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_216_219"><span class="label">[216]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 224. At one of Charles Lamb's Wednesday +evenings in Mitre Court Building, Hazlitt tells us, "the name of +the Admirable Crichton was suddenly started as a splendid +example of <i>waste</i> talents, so different from the generality of his +countrymen." A North Briton present declared himself descended +from that prodigy of learning and accomplishment, and said he +had family plate in his possession as vouchers for the fact, with the +initials engraved upon them of A. C.—"Admirable Crichton!" +A phrenological report upon this gentleman by Charles Lamb +would have enlarged "the public stock of harmless pleasure."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_217_220" id="Footnote_217_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_217_220"><span class="label">[217]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 277. The charity which "believeth all things and +hopeth all things," or the credulity which persuades itself of the +truth of the things which it wishes to believe, is manifest in Sir +Thomas Urquhart's estimate of the character of Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span> Less +charitable or more impartial critics are probably inclined to the +opinion that the existence in that sovereign of a number of the +above-mentioned virtues was as mythical as that of a good many of +his "hundred and ten predecessors." So far as "comeliness" is +concerned, Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span> at a later period had a much humbler view of +the matter than Sir Thomas here expresses. For he complained +that when they wished to represent a villain on the stage they +made up a figure somewhat like himself. See Cibber's <i>Apology</i>, +p. 111.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_218_221" id="Footnote_218_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_218_221"><span class="label">[218]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, p. 212.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_219_222" id="Footnote_219_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_219_222"><span class="label">[219]</span></a> His unhappy prejudices against the Presbyterian clergy are +irrepressible, for immediately after suggesting "a standing library +in custody of the minister of the parish," he adds, "with this +proviso, that none of the books should be embezeled by him or any +of his successors" (<i>Works</i>, p. 282).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_220_223" id="Footnote_220_223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_220_223"><span class="label">[220]</span></a> We have reason to be thankful to Sir Thomas for his kindness +in refraining from the style of composition which he here indicates, +for we can scarcely credit his assurance that the results would have +been less terrifying than the description of the processes by which +they would have been reached. There is no need for an apology, +for he has really done pretty well as it is. Mr Ruskin had once a +vision of ten thousand school-inspectors assembled on Cader Idris. +What horror would seize such a company, if they were treated as a +class in elementary English, and the above passage were read out +as an exercise in dictation! Nay, it is to be feared that even the +more august assembly in Dover House, the Lords of Education +themselves, would be panic-stricken at such a task. Only +Macaulay's "schoolboy" would probably be found to enter upon +it with unblenched countenance, and to accomplish it successfully.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_221_224" id="Footnote_221_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_221_224"><span class="label">[221]</span></a> This reminds us of Bottom the weaver. "I will roar that I +will do any man's heart good to hear me.... [Yet not to frighten +the ladies.] I will aggravate my voice so that I will roar you as +gently as any sucking dove: I will roar you an 'twere any nightingale" +(<i>Midsummer-Night's Dream</i>, I. ii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_222_225" id="Footnote_222_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_222_225"><span class="label">[222]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, pp. 292, 293.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_223_226" id="Footnote_223_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_223_226"><span class="label">[223]</span></a> <i>Logopandecteision</i>, or an INTRODUCTION to the <span class="smcap">Universal +Language</span>. Digested into these Six several Books, Neaudethaumata, +Chrestasebeia, Cleronomaporia, Chryseomystes, Neleodicastes, +and Philoponauxesis. By Sir Thomas Urquhart of +<i>Cromartie</i>, Knight. Now lately contrived and published, both +for his own utilie, and that of all pregnant and ingenious Spirits. +<i>Credere quaerenti nonne haic justissima res est? Qui non plura +cupit, quam ratio ipsa jubet.</i> <i>Englished thus</i>, To grant him his +demands, were it not just? Who craves no more, then [than] +reason says he must. <i>London.</i> Printed, and are to be sold by +<i>Giles Calvert</i> at the <i>Black Spread Eagle</i> at the west-end of <i>Pauls</i>; +and by <i>Richard Tomlins</i> at the Sun and Bible near Pye-corner. +1653.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_224_227" id="Footnote_224_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_224_227"><span class="label">[224]</span></a> Eleven genders seem nine more than are necessary, and the use +of such a large number suggests to one that in Sir Thomas's +Universal Language the distinctions in question were to receive +an undue amount of attention. At the same time, fault has been +found with our English language for being somewhat defective in +accentuating these distinctions; and an attempt to correct this +shortcoming, to a certain extent, has been made by Southey in +<i>The Doctor</i>. He proposed to anglicise the orthography of the +female garment, "which is indeed the sister to the shirt," and +then to utilise the hint offered in its new form: thus <i>Hemise</i> and +<i>Shemise</i>. In letter-writing every person knows that male and female +letters have a distinct character; they should therefore, he thought, +be generally distinguished thus, <i>Hepistle</i> and <i>Shepistle</i>. And as +there is the same marked difference in the writing of the +two sexes, he proposed <i>Penmanship</i> and <i>Penwomanship</i>. Erroneous +opinions in religion being promulgated in this country by women +as well as men, the teachers of such false doctrine may be divided +into <i>Heresiarchs</i> and <i>Sheresiarchs</i>, so that we should speak of the +<i>Heresy</i> of the Quakers and the <i>Sheresy</i> of Joanna Southcote's +people. The troublesome affection of the diaphragm, which every +one has experienced, is, upon the same principle, to be called, +according to the sex of the patient, <i>Hecups</i>, or <i>Shecups</i>, which, +upon the principle of making our language truly British, is better +than the more classical form of <i>Hiccups</i> and <i>Hæcups</i>. In its objective +use the word becomes Hiscups or Hercups; and in like manner +Histerics should be altered into Herterics, the complaint never +being masculine. It is perhaps a little surprising that this +suggestion should have lain before the British public for half a +century, and have been left unutilised.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_225_228" id="Footnote_225_228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_225_228"><span class="label">[225]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, pp. 316-318.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_226_229" id="Footnote_226_229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_226_229"><span class="label">[226]</span></a> <i>Works</i>, pp. 316-318.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_227_230" id="Footnote_227_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_227_230"><span class="label">[227]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 332.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_228_231" id="Footnote_228_231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_228_231"><span class="label">[228]</span></a> <i>Scenes and Legends</i>, chap. vii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_229_232" id="Footnote_229_232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_229_232"><span class="label">[229]</span></a> A somewhat similar project was described in the Marquis of +Worcester's <i>Century of the Names and Scantling of ... Inventions</i> +(1663), in which the steam-engine is anticipated. The passage +is as follows:—"32. How to compose an universal character, +methodical, and easie to be written, yet intelligible in any +language; so that if an Englishman write it in English, a Frenchman, +Italian, Spaniard, Irish, Welsh, being scholars, yea, Grecian +or Hebritian, shall as perfectly understand it in their owne Tongue, +as if they were perfect English, distinguishing the Verbs from the +Nouns, the Numbers, Tenses, Cases as properly expressed in their +own Language as it was written in English." +</p><p> +A writer in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i> in 1820 affirms that he has +good reasons for believing that the above volume was really +by Sir Thomas Urquhart, and was dishonestly put forth as the +work of the Marquis of Worcester. He does not give us any +of his reasons. The style of the little volume bears no resemblance +to that of our author, and this fact is of itself almost conclusive +proof that Sir Thomas Urquhart had nothing to do with it. The +Scottish knight could scarcely open his lips without revealing his +identity. It is rather difficult to believe, too, that a manuscript +lost by Sir Thomas in the streets of Worcester should have been +picked up by the Marquis of Worcester. The coincidence would +be a very extraordinary one.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_230_233" id="Footnote_230_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_230_233"><span class="label">[230]</span></a> Hear Heine's angry allusions to his early scholastic experiences, +in which he suggests another and less honourable origin of the +Greek tongue: "Vom Griechischen will ich gar nicht sprechen—ich +ärgere mich sonst zu viel. Die Mönche im Mittelalter hatten +so ganz Unrecht nicht, wenn sie behaupteten, dass das Griechische +eine Erfindung des Teufels sei" (<i>Das Buch Le Grand</i>, vii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_231_234" id="Footnote_231_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_231_234"><span class="label">[231]</span></a> Sanskrit, Old Persian, Lithuanian, and old Slavonic have the +dual both in declension and conjugation, and in the first of these +it is used much more frequently than in Greek. Faint traces of it in +declension are to be found in Teutonic speech, though in conjugation +it is only in the Gothic that the dual is used. In old Gaelic +the dual is a regular feature of declension, but not of conjugation.</p></div> + + + +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p> +<h1>CHAPTER VII</h1> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Translation of Rabelais</span> +</p> + +<div class="figupperleft" style="width: 90px;"> +<img src="images/t.jpg" width="90" height="78" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p>HE foundation on which Sir Thomas +Urquhart's literary fame securely +rests is his translation into English +of the first three books of the works +of Rabelais. Of these the first and +second appeared in two separate +volumes in the year 1653—exactly a century after +the death of the great French satirist—and the +third was published by Pierre Antoine Motteux +in 1693, long after Sir Thomas's own death.<a name="FNanchor_232_235" id="FNanchor_232_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_232_235" class="fnanchor">[232]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span></p> +<p>The difficulty, singularity, and obscurity of the +writings of Rabelais had probably been hindrances +in the way of their being presented to the English +public in their own tongue; for, though the register +of the Stationers' Company preserves a record of +two attempts at translation, these seem to have been +but fragmentary, and to have dropped still-born from +the press. The works themselves are not known to +be extant, and nothing more than the bare name of +them survives.</p> + +<p>The difficulties which lie in the way of the +ordinary reader who wishes to become acquainted +with the works of Rabelais are very considerable.<a name="FNanchor_233_236" id="FNanchor_233_236"></a><a href="#Footnote_233_236" class="fnanchor">[233]</a> +The fantastical style of the satirist, his countless +allusions to contemporary persons and events, his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span> +out-of-the-way learning, the care with which he +conceals at such length the seriousness of his +purpose, and the incredible grossness of manners +which so often disfigures his pages, are obstacles +which can with difficulty be surmounted. The last-mentioned +characteristic is, indeed, a grave and ingrained +fault, which must for ever be a slur upon +the writer's fame. Yet we may say of him what +Don Pedro says of Benedick, "The man doth fear +God howsoever it seems not in him by some large +jests he will make"; or what Mrs Blower in <i>St +Ronan's Well</i> says of her deceased husband, "He +was a merry man, but he had the root of the matter +in him for a' his light way of speaking." Coleridge—"the +brother," according to Mr Birrell, "whose +praise is throughout all the churches"—speaks of +Rabelais in very high terms indeed; "Beyond a +doubt," he says, "he was among the deepest, as +well as boldest thinkers of his age. His buffoonery +was not merely Brutus' rough stick, which contained +a rod of gold: it was necessary as an amulet against +the monks and legates.<a name="FNanchor_234_237" id="FNanchor_234_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_234_237" class="fnanchor">[234]</a> Never was there a more +plausible, and seldom, I am persuaded, a less appropriate +line than the thousand times quoted</p> + +<p> +'Rabelais laughing in his easy chair'<br /> +</p> + +<p>of Mr Pope. The caricature of his filth and zany<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span>ism +show how fully he both knew and felt the +danger in which he stood. I could write a treatise +in praise of the moral elevation of Rabelais' work, +which would make the church stare and the conventicle +groan,<a name="FNanchor_235_238" id="FNanchor_235_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_235_238" class="fnanchor">[235]</a> and yet would be truth, and nothing +but the truth. I class Rabelais with the great +creative minds of the world, Shakespeare, Dante, +Cervantes, etc."</p> + +<p>François Rabelais was born in Touraine, according +to the date usually given, and which there is +no reason to question, in the same year as Luther +and Raphael, <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1483, and died in Paris in 1553. +His father had a small estate, and was an apothecary +(or, as some say, a tavern-keeper) in the town +of Chinon, at the foot of the castle where, three +centuries before, our Henry <span class="smcap">II.</span> had died, and +whither, a little more than fifty years before +François was born, Joan of Arc had come with +promises of supernatural aid to Charles <span class="smcap">VII.</span> He +was the youngest of five sons, and, as was often the +case in those days, was provided for by being made +a monk, while the other members of the family +divided amongst them the paternal estate. In one +passage in his works he speaks of mothers who +"cannot bear their children nor brook them in +their houses nine, nay often not seven years, but by +putting a shirt over their robe, and by cutting a few +hairs on the top of their head ... they transform<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span> +them into birds," <i>i.e.</i>, get rid of them as soon as +possible, and thrust them into monasteries. This +seems to have been his own sad fate.</p> + +<p>In course of time, after the schoolboy period of +his life was past, he entered the order of Franciscan +monks at the convent of Fontenay-le-Comte in +Poitou, and took holy orders; and it was here, during +the next fifteen years (1509-1524), that he +devoted himself to the acquisition of everything in +the shape of literature or learning, and laid the +foundation of the astonishing erudition which his +works display. His long residence in the monastery +had inspired Rabelais with a deep hatred of +monasticism and monks, and, after being allowed to +exchange the Franciscan for the Benedictine order, +he laid down the regular habit and took that of a +secular priest, and left the convent without the +sanction of his superior—a breach of ecclesiastical +discipline which exposed him to severe censure. +After wandering hither and thither in the pursuit +of medical knowledge, he entered the University of +Montpellier, graduated as a physician, and practised +there with credit and success. After being Hospital +Physician at Lyons, he spent some time in Rome, +as a medical attendant upon Jean du Bellay, Bishop +of Paris. While here he succeeded in making his +peace with the Church, and by a papal Bull (17th +January 1536) was allowed to return to the Benedictine +order and to practise physic according to +canonical rules, <i>i.e.</i>, to charge no fees and to use +neither fire nor knife. This release from ecclesiastical +disabilities allowed him to be appointed to a +place in the abbey of St Maur-des-Fosses, near<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> +Paris. After another period of exile and wandering +he was nominated curé of Meudon, an office which he +resigned after two years. Three months afterwards +he died in Paris (9th April, 1553), and was buried +in the cemetery of the parish of St Paul's.</p> + +<p>The publication of the satirical writings of +Rabelais was spread over a long series of years, +from 1532 or 1533, when the first installment, +in his <i>Gargantua</i>, was brought out, down to +1564, eleven years after his death, when the +fifth and concluding book of his <i>Pantagruel</i> was +issued in its entirety. The main object of his +satire was what used to be called "the intolerance, +superstition, and disgusting follies and vices of the +Romish Church," but, incidentally, pretenders to +knowledge of every kind come under his lash. For +when imposture, folly, and humbug grow too rank +and noisome, there arise, it can scarcely be by accident, +men like Lucian, Rabelais, and Voltaire, whose +calling it is to cut them down. That theirs is an +ill-requited office is sufficiently plain from the odium +which, in spite of their beneficent labours, is often +associated with their names. "[Hast thou] only a +torch for burning, no hammer for building?" says +the somewhat wearisome Herr Teufelsdröckh to +the last named of these satirists, "take our thanks, +then, and—thyself away."<a name="FNanchor_236_239" id="FNanchor_236_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_236_239" class="fnanchor">[236]</a> Yet the torch for +burning is as necessary as the hammer for building, +if the site for the Temple of Truth is to be prepared. +It may well be that burning down and +rooting up are needed before building can be begun, +and some of those who have endeavoured to benefit<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> +mankind have felt themselves called to the one sort +of work rather than to the other.</p> + +<p>The form which Rabelais chooses for the frame-work +of his satire is the burlesque adventures of +the giant Gargantua, of whom many legends were +current in Touraine, and of his son Pantagruel, +sometimes spoken of as also a giant, and at others +as a wise and virtuous prince of ordinary proportions. +Along with the strange, tangled, and chaotic +story of their exploits the writer from time to time +enunciates admirable ideas, which must have seemed +revolutionary to his contemporaries, and some of +which even we have not yet realised.</p> + +<p>The translation of Rabelais by Sir Thomas +Urquhart is his great literary achievement. "It is +impossible," says Tytler, "to look into it without +admiring the air of ease, freshness, and originality +which the translator has so happily communicated +to his performance. All those singular qualifications +which unfitted Urquhart to succeed in serious +composition—his extravagance, his drollery (?), his +unbridled imagination, his burlesque and endless +epithets—are in the task of translating Rabelais +transplanted into their true field of action, and +revel through his pages with a licence and buoyancy +which is quite unbridled, yet quite allowable. Indeed, +Urquhart and Rabelais appear, in many points, +to have been congenial spirits, and the translator +seems to have been born for his author."<a name="FNanchor_237_240" id="FNanchor_237_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_237_240" class="fnanchor">[237]</a></p> + +<p>As might have been expected, the translation is +not marked by painful exactness of rendering. On +the contrary, evidences of carelessness and in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span>accuracy +are by no means uncommon, but yet the +work is, as some one calls it, "one of the most +perfect transfusions of an author from one language +to another,<a name="FNanchor_238_241" id="FNanchor_238_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_238_241" class="fnanchor">[238]</a> that ever man accomplished." The +great merits of the translation consist in its preserving +the very air and style of the original, and +in the astonishing richness of vocabulary which it +manifests. Where Rabelais invents a word, Sir +Thomas invents one, or two, or three; and if the +former has a list of twenty or thirty epithets, the +latter has no hesitation in supplying his readers +with forty or sixty, which seem quite as good as +the original stock which he thus enlarges. Sometimes, +too, as Mr W. F. Smith, a very distinguished +student of Rabelais, remarks, "in translating a +single word of the French he often empties all the +synonyms given by Cotgrave into his version."</p> + +<p>Mr Tytler, in the above-quoted criticism on +Urquhart's translation, speaks of the peculiarities of +his style as "revelling through his pages with a +licence and buoyancy which is quite unbridled, yet +quite allowable." One is obliged to demur to the +last adjective. A translator, like a compositor, +should be under some obligation to adhere to the +text before him; and, as a matter of fact, the +success of Urquhart's version is occasionally interfered +with by this same "unbridled revelling." +The style of Rabelais is graphic and vigorous, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span> +at times exceedingly graceful, and occupies a high +place in French literature. Any tampering with it, +therefore, in the way of alteration or addition, was +not likely to be an improvement.</p> + +<p>But, even after all deductions are made, the praise +bestowed upon Urquhart's work has been fully +deserved. "The buoyancy and unembarrassed sweep +of its general character," says Sir Theodore Martin, +"which gives his Rabelais more the look of an +original than of a translation, its rich and well-compacted +diction, the many happy turns of phrase +that are quite his own, have fairly earned for it the +high estimation in which it has long been held. +His task was one of extreme difficulty, and there +have perhaps been few men besides himself that +could have brought to it the world of omnigenous +knowledge which it required. It was apparently +Urquhart's ambition to realise in his own person +the ideal of human accomplishment, to be at once</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">'Complete in feature and in mind,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With all good grace to grace a gentleman.'<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>He had left no source of information unexplored, +few aspects of life unobserved, and, in the translation +of Rabelais, he found full exercise for his +multiform attainments. Ably as the work has +been completed by Motteux, one cannot but regret +that the worthy Knight of Cromarty had not +spared him the task."<a name="FNanchor_239_242" id="FNanchor_239_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_239_242" class="fnanchor">[239]</a></p> + +<p>The merits of the translation can scarcely be +exhibited in selections torn from their context, and +perhaps only partly intelligible; but perhaps the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span> +following may be welcome to the reader. Let us +take these extracts from the graceful and charming +sketch of the Abbey of Thelema, which was to be +different from all other monastic communities, +and was to be the home of a society of young +people living together in all innocence and joy, free +from sordid cares, and devoted to the studies, exercises, +and accomplishments which are appropriate +to refined and noble spirits.</p> + +<p>"'First, then,' said Gargantua, 'you must not +build a wall about your convent, for all other +abbies are strongly walled and mured about.... +Moreover, seeing there are certain convents in the +world, whereof the custome is, if any woman come +in, I mean chaste and honest women, they immediately +sweep the ground which they have trod +upon;<a name="FNanchor_240_243" id="FNanchor_240_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_240_243" class="fnanchor">[240]</a> therefore was it ordained, that if any man +or woman, entered into religious orders, should by +chance come within this new abbey, all the roomes +should be thoroughly washed and cleansed through +which they had passed. And because in all other +monasteries and nunneries all is compassed, limited, +and regulated by houres, it was decreed that in this +new structure there should be neither clock nor +dial, but that, according to the opportunities and +incident occasions, all their hours should be disposed +of; for,' said Gargantua, 'the greatest losse +of time, that I know, is to count the hours. What +good comes of it? Nor can there be any greater +dotage in the world then [than] for one to guide +and direct his courses by the sound of a bell, and +not by his owne judgement and discretion.'</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p> +<p>"Item, Because at that time they put no women +into nunneries, but such as were either purblind, +blinkards, lame, crooked, ill-favoured, misshapen, +fooles, senselesse, spoyled, or corrupt; nor encloystered +any men, but those that were either +sickly, ill-bred lowts, simple sots, or peevish trouble-houses; ... +therefore was it ordained, that into +this religious order should be admitted no women +that were not faire, well featur'd, and of a sweet +disposition; nor men that were not comely, personable, +and well conditioned.</p> + +<p>"Item, Because in the convents of women men +come not but under-hand, privily, and by stealth, it +was therefore enacted, that in this house there shall +be no women in case there be not men, nor men in +case there be not women.</p> + +<p>"Item, Because both men and women, that are +received into religious orders after the expiring of +their noviciat or probation-year, were constrained +and forced perpetually to stay there all the days of +their life, it was therefore ordered, that all whatever, +men or women, admitted within this abbey, should +have full leave to depart with peace and contentment, +whensoever it should seem good to them so to do.</p> + +<p>"Item, for that the religious men and women +did ordinarily make three vows, to wit, those of +chastity, poverty, and obedience, it was therefore +constituted and appointed, that in this convent +they might be honourably married, that they might +be rich, and live at liberty.</p> + +<p>"In regard of the legitimat time of the persons +to be initiated, and years under and above which +they were not capable of reception, the women were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span> +to be admitted from ten till fifteen, and the men +from twelve till eighteen."<a name="FNanchor_241_244" id="FNanchor_241_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_241_244" class="fnanchor">[241]</a></p> + +<p>After an elaborate description of the magnificence +of the abbey and of its endowments, and of the +apparel worn by the members of the new order, we +are told of "<i>how the Thelemites were governed, and of +their manner of living</i>." "All their life," we read, +"was spent not in lawes, statutes, or rules, but according +to their own free will and pleasure. They rose +out of their beds, when they thought good; they did +eat, drink, labour, sleep, when they had a minde to it, +and were disposed for it. None did awake them, +none did offer to constrain them to eat, drink, nor to +do any other thing; for so had Gargantua established +it. In all their rule, and strictest tie of their order, +there was but this one clause to be observed,</p> + +<p> +DO WHAT THOU WILT;<br /> +</p> + +<p>Because men that are free, well-borne, well-bred, +and conversant in honest companies, have naturally +an instinct and spurre that prompteth them unto +vertuous actions, and withdraws them from vice, +which is called honour. Those same men when by +base subjection and constraint they are brought +under and kept down, turn aside from that noble +disposition, by which they formerly were inclined to +vertue, to shake off and break that bond of servitude, +wherein they are so tyrannously inslaved; for +it is agreeable with the nature of man to long after +things forbidden, and to desire what is denied us.<a name="FNanchor_242_245" id="FNanchor_242_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_242_245" class="fnanchor">[242]</a></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span></p> +<p>"By this liberty they entered into a very laudable +emulation, to do all of them what they saw +did please one. If any of the gallants or ladies +should say, Let us drink, they would all drink. +If any one of them said, Let us play, they all +played. If one said, Let us go a-walking into the +fields, they went all. If it were to go a-hawking +or a-hunting, the ladies mounted upon dainty, well-paced +nags, seated in a stately palfrey saddle,<a name="FNanchor_243_246" id="FNanchor_243_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_243_246" class="fnanchor">[243]</a> +carried on their lovely fists, miniardly begloved +every one of them, either a sparhawk, or a laneret, +or a marlin, and the young gallants carried the +other kinds of hawkes. So nobly were they taught, +that there was neither he nor she amongst them +but could read, write, sing, play upon several +musical instruments, speak five or sixe several +languages, and compose in them all very quaintly, +both in verse and prose. Never were seen so +valiant knights, so noble and worthy, so dextrous +and skilful both on foot and a horseback, more +brisk and lively, more nimble and quick, or better +handling all manner of weapons then [than] were +there. Never were seene ladies so proper<a name="FNanchor_244_247" id="FNanchor_244_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_244_247" class="fnanchor">[244]</a> and +handsome, so miniard and dainty, lesse froward, or +more ready with their hand, and with their needle, +in every honest and free action belonging to that +sexe, then [than] were there. For this reason, +when the time came, that any man of the said +abbey, either at the request of his parents, or for +some other cause, had a minde to go out of it, he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> +carried along with him one of the ladies, namely, +her whom he had before that chosen for his mistris,<a name="FNanchor_245_248" id="FNanchor_245_248"></a><a href="#Footnote_245_248" class="fnanchor">[245]</a> +and [they] were married together. And if +they had formerly in Theleme lived in good devotion +and amity, they did continue therein and increase +it to a greater height in their state of matrimony: +and did entertaine that mutual love till the very +last day of their life, in no lesse vigour and fervency, +then [than] at the very day of their wedding."<a name="FNanchor_246_249" id="FNanchor_246_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_246_249" class="fnanchor">[246]</a></p> + +<p>Such is the dream which floated before the mind +of Rabelais, but, unhappily, it is still an airy fancy, +and has never received a local habitation and a +name. Mrs Grundy, the vegetarians, the teetotallers, +the anti-tobacco people, and the enemies of "rational +costume" have up to the present forbidden the +erection of any such building.</p> + +<p>One of the most prominent figures in the story of +Pantagruel is his favourite, Panurge, who is a rogue, +a drunkard, a coward, and a malicious scoundrel, but +who yet, like Falstaff, in spite of all his moral deficiencies, +manages to appear as an amusing personage. +Into his lips is put, with a fine disregard of congruity, +an eloquent speech, which begins in praise of debt, +and ends by setting forth the interdependence of all +things in the universe. Panurge is represented as +having threescore and three ways of making money, +and two hundred and fourteen of spending it, so that +he is always poor, and his sovereign Pantagruel remonstrates +with him on account of his prodigal habits.</p> + +<p>He replies as follows: "Be still indebted to some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span>body +or other, that there may be somebody always +to pray for you; [to pray] that the giver of all +good things may grant unto you a blessed, long, +and prosperous life; fearing, if fortune should deal +crossly with you, that it might be his chance to +come short of being paid by you, he will always +speak good of you in every company, ever and +anon purchase new creditors unto you; to the end, +that through their means you may make a shift by +borrowing from Peter to pay Paul,<a name="FNanchor_247_250" id="FNanchor_247_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_247_250" class="fnanchor">[247]</a> and with other +folk's earth fill up his ditch. When of old in the +region of the Gauls, by the institution of the +Druids,<a name="FNanchor_248_251" id="FNanchor_248_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_248_251" class="fnanchor">[248]</a> the servants, slaves, and bondmen were +burnt quick at the funerals and obsequies of their +lords and masters, had not they fear enough, think +you, that their lords and masters should die? For, +per force, they were to die with them for company. +Did not they uncessantly send up their supplications +to their great God Mercury,<a name="FNanchor_249_252" id="FNanchor_249_252"></a><a href="#Footnote_249_252" class="fnanchor">[249]</a> as likewise unto +Dis, the Father of Wealth,<a name="FNanchor_250_253" id="FNanchor_250_253"></a><a href="#Footnote_250_253" class="fnanchor">[250]</a> to lengthen out their +days, and preserve them long in health? Were +not they very careful to entertain them well, +punctually to look unto them, and to attend them +faithfully and circumspectly? For by those means +were they to live together at least until the hour +of death. Believe me your creditors with a more +fervent devotion will beseech [Providence] to pro<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span>long +your life, they being of nothing more afraid +than that you should die.... I, in this only +respect and consideration of being a debtor, esteem +myself worshipful, reverend, and formidable. For, +against the opinion of most philosophers, that of +nothing ariseth nothing, yet, without having +bottomed on so much as that which is called the +First Matter [Primary Matter], did I out of nothing +become such [a] maker and creator, that I have +created—what?—a gay number of fair and jolly +creditors. Nay, creditors, I will maintain it, even +to the very fire itself exclusively,<a name="FNanchor_251_254" id="FNanchor_251_254"></a><a href="#Footnote_251_254" class="fnanchor">[251]</a> are fair and +goodly creatures. Who lendeth nothing is an +ugly and wicked creature.... You can hardly +imagine how glad I am, when every morning I +perceive myself environed and surrounded with +brigades of creditors,—humble, fawning, and full of +their reverences. And whilst I remark that, as I +look more favourably upon, and give a chearfuller +countenance to one than to the other, the fellow +thereupon buildeth a conceit that he shall be the first +dispatched, and the foremost in the date of payment; +and he valueth my smiles at the rate of +ready money.... I have all my lifetime held +debt to be as an union or conjunction of the +heavens with the earth, and the whole cement +whereby the race of mankind is kept together;<a name="FNanchor_252_255" id="FNanchor_252_255"></a><a href="#Footnote_252_255" class="fnanchor">[252]</a> yea,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> +of such vertue and efficacy, that, I say, the whole progeny +of Adam would very suddenly perish without it."</p> + +<p>He then goes on to describe a world in which +there are no debtors and no debts. There will be no +regular course among the planets, but all will be in +disorder. Jupiter, reckoning himself to be nothing +indebted to Saturn, will go near to thrust him out +of his place; Saturn and Mars will combine to +promote the confusion; Mercury, being debtor to +no one, will no longer serve any; Venus, because +she shall have lent nothing, will no longer be +venerated. "The moon," he says, "will remain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span> +bloody and obscure. For to what end should the +sun impart unto her any of his light?<a name="FNanchor_253_256" id="FNanchor_253_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_253_256" class="fnanchor">[253]</a> He owed +her nothing. Nor yet will the sun shine upon the +earth, nor the stars send down any good influence,<a name="FNanchor_254_257" id="FNanchor_254_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_254_257" class="fnanchor">[254]</a> +because the terrestrial globe hath desisted from +sending up their wonted nourishment by vapours +and exhalations, wherewith Heraclitus said, the +Stoicks proved, Cicero maintained, they were +cherished and alimented.... No rain will +descend upon the earth, nor light shine thereon; +no wind will blow there, nor will there be in it any +summer or harvest.... Such a world without +lending will be no better than a dog-kennel, a place +of contention and wrangling.... Men will not +then salute one another; it will be but lost labour +to expect aid or succour from any, or to cry fire, +water, murther, for none will put to their helping +hand. Why? He lent no money, there is nothing +due to him. Nobody is concerned in his burning, +in his shipwrack, in his ruine, or in his death; and +that because he hitherto hath lent nothing, and +would never thereafter have lent anything. In +short, Faith, Hope, and Charity would be quite +banish'd from such a world—for men are born to +relieve and assist one another."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span></p><p>"But, on the contrary," he went on to say, "be +pleased to represent unto your fancy another world, +wherein every one lendeth, and everyone oweth, all +are debtors, and all creditors. O how great will +that harmony be, which shall thereby result from +the regular motions of the heavens! Methinks I +hear it every whit as well as ever Plato did.<a name="FNanchor_255_258" id="FNanchor_255_258"></a><a href="#Footnote_255_258" class="fnanchor">[255]</a> What +sympathy will there be amongst the elements! O +how delectable then unto nature will be our own +works and productions! Whilst Ceres appeareth +loaden with corn, Bacchus with wines, Flora with +flowers, Pomona with fruits, and Juno fair in a +clear air, wholsom and pleasant. I lose myself in +this high contemplation. Then will among the +race of mankind, peace, love, benevolence, fidelity, +tranquillity, rests, banquets, feastings, joy, gladness, +gold, silver, single money [small change], chains, +rings, with other ware, and chaffer of that nature, +be found to trot from hand to hand. No suits at +law, no wars, no strife, debate, nor wrangling; none +will be there an usurer, none will be there a pinch-penny, +a scrape-good wretch, or churlish hard-hearted +refuser. Will not this be the golden age +in the reign of Saturn?—the true idea of the +Olympick regions, wherein all [other] vertues cease,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> +charity alone ruleth, governeth, domineereth, and +triumpheth? All will be fair and goodly people +there, all just and vertuous. O happy world! O +people of that world most happy! Yea, thrice and +four times blessed is that people! I think in very +deed that I am amongst them."<a name="FNanchor_256_259" id="FNanchor_256_259"></a><a href="#Footnote_256_259" class="fnanchor">[256]</a></p> + +<p>In one curious passage Sir Thomas Urquhart +amplifies the text of the author whom he translates, +and supplies his readers with an astonishing +list of onomatopœic words, many of which will +probably be new to those who have not come across +this passage before. Rabelais has nine of these +words, but the translator<a name="FNanchor_257_260" id="FNanchor_257_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_257_260" class="fnanchor">[257]</a> enlarges the list to +seventy-one. Pantagruel is arguing against fasting +and solitude as aids to a contemplative +life, and quotes the authority of his father +Gargantua.</p> + +<p>"He [Gargantua] gave us also," he said, "the +example of the philosopher, who, when he thought +most seriously to have withdrawn himself unto a +solitary privacy, far from the rusling clutterments +of the tumultuous and confused world, the better +to improve his theory, to contrive, comment, and +ratiocinate, was, notwithstanding his uttermost +endeavours to free himself from all untoward +noises, surrounded and environ'd about so with the +barking of currs [bawling of mastiffs, bleating of +sheep, prating of parrets, tatling of jack-daws, +grunting of swine, girning of boars, yelping of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span> +foxes, mewing of cats, cheeping of mice, squeaking +of weasils, croaking of frogs, crowing of cocks, +kekling of hens, calling of partridges, chanting of +swans, chattering of jays, peeping of chickens, +singing of larks, creaking of geese, chirping of +swallows, clucking of moorfowls, cucking of cuckos, +bumling of bees, rammage of hawks, chirming of +linots, croaking of ravens, screeching of owls, +whicking of pigs, gushing of hogs, curring of pigeons, +grumbling of cushet-doves, howling of panthers, +curkling of quails, chirping of sparrows, crackling +of crows, nuzzing of camels, wheening of whelps, +buzzing of dromedaries, mumbling of rabets, cricking +of ferrets, humming of wasps, mioling of tygers, +bruzzing of bears, sussing of kitnings, clamring of +scarfes, whimpring of fullmarts, boing of buffaloes, +warbling of nightingales, quavering of meavises, +drintling of turkies, coniating of storks, frantling +of peacocks, clattering of mag-pyes, murmuring of +stock-doves, crouting of cormorants, cigling of +locusts, charming of beagles, guarring of puppies, +snarling of messens, rantling of rats, guerieting of +apes, snuttering of monkies, pioling of pelicanes, +quecking of ducks], yelling of wolves, roaring of +lions, neighing of horses, crying of elephants, +hissing of serpents, and wailing of turtles, that he +was much more troubled than if he had been in +the middle of the crowd at the fair of Fontenay or +Niort."<a name="FNanchor_258_261" id="FNanchor_258_261"></a><a href="#Footnote_258_261" class="fnanchor">[258]</a> In spite of the amplification of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> +original text of Rabelais, two of the sounds are +omitted—"the braying of asses," and the noise +made by grass-hoppers (<i>sonnent les eigales</i>), which +we might have called "chirping," if the swallows +and sparrows had not taken possession of that term.</p> + +<p>As already stated, the first two books were all +that were published in the lifetime of Sir Thomas +Urquhart. They appeared as separate volumes in +1653. The unsold stock of each was reissued in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span> +1664, in one volume, an additional title-page, an +extra preface, and a life of Rabelais being prefixed +to them. The volume became very scarce, and in +1693-94 Pierre Antoine Motteux, a Frenchman, +who was master of exceedingly racy and idiomatic +English, published an edition containing the third +book. This was extremely inaccurate, so far as +typography was concerned, and gave the public the +version of Sir Thomas Urquhart with certain +unspecified changes made by the editor in order to +impart to it additional "smartness." In 1708 +Motteux published a complete translation of +Rabelais, the version of the fourth and fifth books +being supplied by himself,<a name="FNanchor_259_262" id="FNanchor_259_262"></a><a href="#Footnote_259_262" class="fnanchor">[259]</a> as supplementary to +Urquhart's work. After the death of Motteux, a +somewhat pretentious editor named Ozell<a name="FNanchor_260_263" id="FNanchor_260_263"></a><a href="#Footnote_260_263" class="fnanchor">[260]</a> brought +out the combined versions, with notes principally +taken from the French of Duchat, and this has<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> +been reprinted time after time since its first +appearance in 1737.</p> + +<p>At least seventeen editions of Urquhart's work, +either by itself or with Motteux's supplementary +matter, have been issued since his day, and there is +no sign of its fame waxing dim through the lapse of +time; and therefore the immortality after which he +longed has in a measure been won by him. And +so, once more before we take our leave of him, we +look again into the twilight of the past, and see +his striking figure—the soldier, the scholar, and +the author—crowned with the wreath which his +own hands have placed upon his brows, but which +succeeding generations declare him worthy to bear.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span></p> + +<div class="footnotes"> +<br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_232_235" id="Footnote_232_235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_232_235"><span class="label">[232]</span></a> The title-page of the first book does not contain Sir Thomas +Urquhart's name, but on it is his motto ("Mean, speak, and do +well"). It runs as follows:—"The first Book of the Works of <span class="smcap">Mr. +Francis Rabelais</span>, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of +the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of <span class="smcap">Gargantua</span> and his +Sonne <span class="smcap">Pantagruel</span>. Together with the Pantagrueline Prognostication, +the Oracle of the divine Bacbuc, and response of the bottle. +Hereunto are annexed the Navigations unto the sounding Isle and +the Isle of the Apedefts: as likewise the Philosophical cream with +a Limosin Epistle. All done by Mr. Francis Rabelais, in the +French Tongue, and now faithfully translated into English. ευνοει +εὑλογε καἱ εὑπραττε. London, Printed for Richard Baddeley, +within the Middle Templegate. 1653." On the title-page of the +second book are the translator's initials, S, T. V. C. (Sir Thomas +Urquhart of Cromartie). While on that of the third book we have +his name in full: "Now faithfully translated into English by the +unimitable pen of Sir Thomas Urwhart, Kt. and Bar. The Translator of<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">the Two First Books. Never before Printed. London:</span><br /> +Printed for Richard Baldwin, near the Oxford Arms in Warwick +Lane, 1693." Copies of the first and second books of the above +date are in the British Museum, but erroneously catalogued—not +under Urquhart, but only under C., S. T. V. A second edition of +them both seems from the Bodleian Catalogue to have been published +in 1664. Both are very rare, it is said, owing to the +destruction caused by the fire of London in 1666.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_233_236" id="Footnote_233_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_233_236"><span class="label">[233]</span></a> For those who are not special students, adequate information +concerning Rabelais and extracts from his works are to be got in +Sir Walter Besant's luminous and charming volume in the series of +Foreign Classics for English Readers (Blackwood), and in Morley's +<i>Universal Library</i> (Routledge). In one of his poems Browning +describes the steps taken by a reader to banish the memory of a +dreary pedant, whose book he had been perusing. He says: +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Then I went indoors, brought out a loaf,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Half a cheese, and a bottle of Chablis;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Lay on the grass, and forgot the loaf<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Over a jolly chapter of Rabelais."<br /></span> +</div></div> +<p> +Some have turned over Rabelais and searched for the jolly chapter +in vain, and have, perhaps, attributed their failure to the want of +a bottle of Chablis.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_234_237" id="Footnote_234_237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_234_237"><span class="label">[234]</span></a> This is somewhat doubtful. The Sorbonne and the Parliaments +might have been moved by ultra-orthodox opponents to prosecute +Rabelais on this account. The true explanation seems to be that +the form of his book was popular, and the popular French literature +of the Middle Ages—fableaux, farces, and burlesque romances—can +hardly be exceeded in the matter of coarseness (<i>Ency. Brit.</i>, +"Rabelais").</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_235_238" id="Footnote_235_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_235_238"><span class="label">[235]</span></a> This is surely an early allusion to the superior sensitiveness on +some points of the "<i>Nonconformist Conscience</i>." The fact alluded +to should inspire joy rather than call forth sneers, for when a +conscience becomes sensitive on some points there are reasonable +hopes of its becoming sensitive on others.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_236_239" id="Footnote_236_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_236_239"><span class="label">[236]</span></a> <i>Sartor Resartus</i>, chap. ix.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_237_240" id="Footnote_237_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_237_240"><span class="label">[237]</span></a> <i>Life of Crichton</i>, p. 182.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_238_241" id="Footnote_238_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_238_241"><span class="label">[238]</span></a> In addition to any aid Urquhart may have received from friends +who were intimately acquainted with the French language, he was +deeply indebted to Cotgrave's French Dictionary, published in +1611, and dedicated to "Sir William Cecil, Knight, Lord Burghley, +and sonne and heir apparant unto the Earle of Exeter," <i>i.e.</i>, the +grandson of Queen Elizabeth's Lord Burghley.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_239_242" id="Footnote_239_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_239_242"><span class="label">[239]</span></a> <i>Rabelais</i>, p. xxi.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_240_243" id="Footnote_240_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_240_243"><span class="label">[240]</span></a> <i>I.e.</i> the Carthusians: like their impudence!</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_241_244" id="Footnote_241_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_241_244"><span class="label">[241]</span></a> Book i. chap. 52.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_242_245" id="Footnote_242_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_242_245"><span class="label">[242]</span></a> "<i>Nitimur in vetitum, semper cupimus negata</i>" (Ovid, Amor. +iii. 4, 17).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_243_246" id="Footnote_243_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_246"><span class="label">[243]</span></a> <i>Avec leur palefroy guorrier</i>—rather, "with their prancing +palfrey." Guorrier from Gr. γαυρος—haughty.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_244_247" id="Footnote_244_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_244_247"><span class="label">[244]</span></a> Cf. Heb. xi. 23, "a proper child."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_245_248" id="Footnote_245_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_245_248"><span class="label">[245]</span></a> <i>Celle laquelle l'auroit prins pour son devot</i>—rather, "her, who +had chosen him as her devoted servant."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_246_249" id="Footnote_246_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_246_249"><span class="label">[246]</span></a> Book i. chap. 57.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_247_250" id="Footnote_247_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_247_250"><span class="label">[247]</span></a> Fr. <i>faire versure</i> = Lat. <i>facere versuram</i> (Cic. Att. v. 1, § 2), to +borrow money to pay another debt (F. W. S.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_248_251" id="Footnote_248_251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_248_251"><span class="label">[248]</span></a> Caes. B. G. vi. 19.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_249_252" id="Footnote_249_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_249_252"><span class="label">[249]</span></a> "<i>Deum maxime Mercurium colunt</i>" (B. G. vi. 17) (Ibid.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_250_253" id="Footnote_250_253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_250_253"><span class="label">[250]</span></a> "<i>Galli se omnes ab Dite patre prognatos dicunt</i>" (B. G. vi. 18). +Dis is called <i>père des escuz</i>, as identical with Plutus, the god of +hidden wealth (<i>Ibid.</i>).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_251_254" id="Footnote_251_254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_251_254"><span class="label">[251]</span></a> <i>Exclusively</i>, <i>i.e.</i>, "I will affirm it, but not go to the stake for +it" (F. W. S.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_252_255" id="Footnote_252_255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_252_255"><span class="label">[252]</span></a> A fine passage in one of South's <i>Sermons</i> was evidently suggested +by the above chapter in Rabelais. "The World is maintained +by Intercourse; and the whole Course of Nature is a great +Exchange, in which one good Turn is and ought to be the stated +Price of another. If you consider the Universe as one Body, you +shall find Society and Conversation to supply the Office of the +Blood and Spirits; and it is Gratitude that makes them circulate. +Look over the whole Creation, and you shall see that the Band or +Cement that holds together all the Parts of this great and glorious +Fabric is Gratitude, or something like it: you may observe it in +all the Elements, for does not the Air feed the Flame? and does not +the Flame at the same time warm and enlighten the Air? Is not +the Sea always sending forth, as well as taking in? And does not +the Earth quit scores with all the Elements, in the noble Fruits +and Productions that issue from it? And in all the Light and +Influence that the Heavens bestow upon this lower World, though +the lower World cannot equal their Benefaction, yet with a Kind +of grateful Return, it reflects those Rays that it cannot recompense: +so that there is some Return however, though there can be no +Requital.... In short, Gratitude is the great Spring that sets all +the Wheels of Nature agoing; and the whole Universe is supported +by giving and returning, by Commerce and Commutation. And +now, thou ungrateful Brute, thou Blemish to Mankind, and +Reproach to thy Creation; what shall we say of thee, or to what +shall we compare thee? For thou art an Exception from all the +visible World; neither the Heavens above nor the Earth beneath +afford anything like thee: and therefore, if thou wouldest find thy +Parallel, go to Hell, which is both the Region and the Emblem of +Ingratitude; for besides thyself, there is nothing but Hell that +is always receiving and never restoring" (I. <span class="smcap">Serm.</span> xi. "<i>Of the +odious Sin of Ingratitude</i>").</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_253_256" id="Footnote_253_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_253_256"><span class="label">[253]</span></a> "Nec fratris radiis obnoxia surgere Luna" (Virg. <i>Georg.</i> i. 396) +(F. W. S.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_254_257" id="Footnote_254_257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_254_257"><span class="label">[254]</span></a> <i>Influence</i>, much used as an astrological term. Cf. Milton: +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i10">"taught the fix'd<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Their <i>influence</i> malignant when to shower."<br /></span> +<p><span class="i0"><br /></span></p> +<span class="i0"><i>Par. Lost</i>, x. 662.<br /></span> +</div></div> +<p><br /></p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Bending one way their precious <i>influence</i>."<br /></span> +<p><br /></p> +<i>Hymn on the Nativity</i>, 71.<br /> +(<i>Ibid.</i>).<br /> +</div></div> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_255_258" id="Footnote_255_258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_255_258"><span class="label">[255]</span></a> <i>Plato</i> never pretends that the "music of the spheres" can be +heard. He adopts the theory to some extent from the Pythagoreans. +Aristotle (<i>de Coelo</i>, ii. 9), that the noise caused by +the movements of the heavenly bodies is so prodigious and +continuous, that, being accustomed to it from our birth, we do not +notice it. The only notice in Plato that can be construed into a +statement about audible music of the spheres is in <i>Rep.</i> x., +where he speaks of a siren standing upon each of the circles of the +planetary system uttering one note in one tone; and from all the +eight notes there results a single harmony (F. W. S.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_256_259" id="Footnote_256_259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_256_259"><span class="label">[256]</span></a> Book iii. chaps. 3, 4.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_257_260" id="Footnote_257_260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_257_260"><span class="label">[257]</span></a> It is quite possible that Motteux, who published the third book +of Rabelais after Urquhart's death, is responsible for some of the +interpolations.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_258_261" id="Footnote_258_261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_258_261"><span class="label">[258]</span></a> Book iii. chap 13. <i>Fontenay le Comte</i> in Lower Poitou and +<i>Niort</i> were noted for their busy yearly fairs. There can be doubt +that the above passage was suggested to Rabelais by what St Jerome +records of the experience of St Hilarion in the desert. "Sic attentuatus," +he says, "[jejunio et vigiliis], et in tantum exeto corpore, ut +ossibus vix haereret, quadam nocte cœpit infantum audire vagitus, +balatus pecorum, mugitus boum, planctum quasi mulierum, leonum +rugitus, murmur exercitus, et prorsus variarum portenta vocum," +etc. (<i>Vita Sancti Hilarionis</i>). In Burton's <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i> +(iii. 4. 1. 2) there is the following reference to the same +passage: "Monks, Anachorites, and the like, after much emptiness +become melancholy, vertiginous, they think they hear +strange noises, confer with Hob-goblins, Devils.... <i>Hilarion</i>, +as <i>Hierome</i> reports in his life, and <i>Athanasius of Antonius</i>, was so +bare with fasting, <i>that the skin did scarce stick to the bones</i>; for +want of vapours (<i>sic</i>) he could not sleep, and for want of sleep +became idle-headed, <i>heard every night infants cry, Oxen low, +Wolves howl, Lions roar (as he thought), clattering of chains, +strange voices, and the like illusions of Devils</i>." It is probable +also that Rabelais had read the following passage in the <i>Life of +Geta</i>, by Ælius Spartianus (c. <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 317): "Familiare illi fuit +has quæstiones grammaticis proponere, ut dicerent, singula +animalia quomodo vocem emitterent, velut, Agni balant, porcelli +grumniunt, palumbes minurriunt, ursi saeviunt, leones rugiunt, +leopardi rictant, elephanti barriunt, ranæ coaxant, equi hinniunt, +asini rudunt, tauri mugiunt, easque de veteribus approbare." Nor +is it likely that Rabelais was unacquainted with the verses in Teofilo +Folengo's (1491-1544) <i>Merlini Cocaii Macaronicon</i>, which run thus: +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Nam Leo rugitum mittit, Lupus ac ululatum,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Bos boat, et uitrescit equus, Gallusque cucullat,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Sgnavolat et Gattus, baiat Canis, Ursus adirat,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Rancagat Oca, rudit Mullus, sed raggiat Asellus;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Denique quodque animal propria cum voce gridabat."<br /></span> +<p><span class="i0"><br /></span></p> +<span class="i0"><i>Macaronea</i>, xx.<br /></span> +</div></div> + + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_259_262" id="Footnote_259_262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_259_262"><span class="label">[259]</span></a> In the introduction to this volume Motteux says that Sir +Thomas Urquhart was "a learned physician." It is difficult to +understand what could have given rise to such a statement. Sir +Thomas had many projects for the benefit of the human race, but +there is no evidence of his ever having cherished that of combating +disease. One cannot help thinking of the magniloquent terms in +which he would have extolled his remedies, if the fates had led +him to the concoction of patent medicines. It is doubtful, however, +whether he would have had what is technically known as "a +good bed-side manner." It is quite possible that Motteux simply +meant that Sir Thomas was well acquainted with medical science, +and not that he was a physician by profession. Yet his words +have often been understood as asserting the latter. Thus we find +the erroneous statement in Granger's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>, +the Amsterdam (1741) edition of Rabelais, and Sir John Hawkins' +<i>Life of Johnson</i>, p. 294.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_260_263" id="Footnote_260_263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_260_263"><span class="label">[260]</span></a> Both Ozell and Motteux figure in Pope's <i>Dunciad</i>, in i. 296, +and ii. 412, respectively.</p></div> +</div> + +</div> +<hr class="chap" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p> +<h1><a name="APPENDICES" id="APPENDICES"></a>APPENDICES</h1> + +<p>I. PRIMITIVE FATHERS AND MOTHERS OF THE +NAME OF URQUHART.</p> + +<p>II. THE ADMIRABLE CRICHTON.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span></p> + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2><a name="APPENDIX_I" id="APPENDIX_I"></a>APPENDIX I</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">The Names of the Chiefs of the Name of +Urquhart, and of their Primitive Fathers</span>; +as by Authentick Records and Tradition they +were from time to time through the various +Generations of that Family successively conveyed, +till the present yeer 1652 (p. 143).</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The ancestors of Sir Thomas, for whose existence there is evidence apart +from his assertions, are indicated by their names being printed in italics. If +the editor of the <i>Tracts</i> (1774) were to believed, the italics would have to +begin with George, No. 138 in the list. The fact that the names in this list are +more numerous than those in the list which follows, is to be explained by +brothers succeeding each other occasionally, when there was no son to inherit +the dignity of chieftainship.</p></div> + +<p> +1. <i>Adam.</i><br /> +2. <i>Seth.</i><br /> +3. <i>Enos.</i><br /> +4. <i>Cainan.</i><br /> +5. <i>Mahalaleel.</i><br /> +6. <i>Jared.</i><br /> +7. <i>Enoch.</i><br /> +8. <i>Methusalah.</i><br /> +9. <i>Lamech.</i><br /> +10. <i>Noah.</i><br /> +11. <i>Japhet.</i><br /> +12. <i>Javan.</i><br /> +13. Penuel.<br /> +14. Tycheros.<br /> +15. Pasiteles.<br /> +16. Esormon.<br /> +17. Cratynter.<br /> +18. Thrasymedes.<br /> +19. Evippos.<br /> +20. Cleotinus.<br /> +21. Litoboros.<br /> +22. Apodemos.<br /> +23. Bathybulos.<br /> +24. Phrenedon.<br /> +25. Zameles.<br /> +26. Choronomos.<br /> +27. Leptologon.<br /> +28. Aglætos.<br /> +29. Megalonus.<br /> +30. Evemeros.<br /> +31. Callophron.<br /> +32. Arthmios.<br /> +33. Hypsegoras.<br /> +34. Autarces.<br /> +35. Evages.<br /> +36. Atarbes.<br /> +37. Pamprosodos.<br /> +38. Gethon.<br /> +39. Holocleros.<br /> +40. Molin.<br /> +41. Epitomon.<br /> +42. Hypotyphos.<br /> +43. Melobolon.<br /> +44. Propetes.<br /> +45. Euplocamos.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span>46. Philophon.<br /> +47. Syngenes.<br /> +48. Polyphrades.<br /> +49. Cainotomos.<br /> +50. Rodrigo.<br /> +51. Dicarches.<br /> +52. Exagastos.<br /> +53. Denapon.<br /> +54. Artistes.<br /> +55. Thymoleon.<br /> +56. Eustochos.<br /> +57. Bianor.<br /> +58. Thryllumenos.<br /> +59. Mellessen.<br /> +60. Alypos.<br /> +61. Anochlos.<br /> +62. Homognios.<br /> +63. Epsephicos.<br /> +64. Eutropos.<br /> +65. Coryphæus.<br /> +66. Etoimos.<br /> +67. Spudæos.<br /> +68. Eumestor.<br /> +69. Griphon.<br /> +70. Emmenes.<br /> +71. Pathomachon.<br /> +72. Anepsios.<br /> +73. Auloprepes.<br /> +74. Corosylos.<br /> +75. Detalon.<br /> +76. Beltistos.<br /> +77. Horicos.<br /> +78. Orthophron.<br /> +79. Apsicoros.<br /> +80. Philaplus.<br /> +81. Megaletor.<br /> +82. Nomostor.<br /> +83. Astioremon.<br /> +84. Phronematias.<br /> +85. Lutork.<br /> +86. Machemos.<br /> +87. Stichopæo.<br /> +88. Epelomenos.<br /> +89. Tycheros (2).<br /> +90. Apechon.<br /> +91. Enacmes.<br /> +92. Javan (2).<br /> +93. Lematias.<br /> +94. Prosenes.<br /> +95. Sosomenos.<br /> +96. Philalethes.<br /> +97. Thaleros.<br /> +98. Polyænos.<br /> +99. Cratesimachos.<br /> +100. Eunæmon.<br /> +101. Diasemos.<br /> +102. Saphenus.<br /> +103. Bramoso.<br /> +104. Celanas.<br /> +105. Vistoso.<br /> +106. Polido.<br /> +107. Lustroso.<br /> +108. Chrestander.<br /> +109. Spectabundo.<br /> +110. Philodulos.<br /> +111. Pallidino.<br /> +112. Comicello.<br /> +113. Regisato.<br /> +114. Arguto.<br /> +115. Nicarchos.<br /> +116. Marsidalio.<br /> +117. Hedumenos.<br /> +118. Agenor.<br /> +119. Diaprepon.<br /> +120. Stragayo.<br /> +121. Zeron.<br /> +122. Polyteles.<br /> +123. Vocompos.<br /> +124. Carolo.<br /> +125. Endymion.<br /> +126. Sebastian.<br /> +127. Lawrence.<br /> +128. Olipher.<br /> +129. Quintin.<br /> +130. Goodwin.<br /> +131. Frederick.<br /> +132. Sir Jasper.<br /> +133. Sir Adam.<br /> +134. Edward.<br /> +135. Richard.<br /> +136. Sir Philip.<br /> +137. Robert.<br /> +138. George.<br /> +139. James.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span>140. David.<br /> +141. Francis.<br /> +142. William.<br /> +143. <i>Adam.</i><br /> +144. <i>John.</i><br /> +145. <i>Sir William.</i><br /> +146. <i>William.</i><br /> +147. <i>Alexander.</i><br /> +148. <i>Thomas.</i><br /> +149. <i>Alexander.</i><br /> +150. <i>Walter.</i><br /> +151. <i>Henry.</i><br /> +152. <i>Sir Thomas.</i><br /> +153. Sir Thomas.<br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">The Names of the Mothers of the Chiefs of the +Name of Urquhart, as also of the Mothers +of their Primitive Fathers.</span> The authority +for the truth thereof being derived from the +same Authentick Records and Tradition on +which is grounded the above-written Genealogie +of their male collaterals.</p></div> + +<p> +1. <i>Eva.</i><br /> +2. Shifka.<br /> +3. Mahla.<br /> +4. Bilha.<br /> +5. Timnah.<br /> +6. Aholima.<br /> +7. Zilpa.<br /> +8. Noema.<br /> +9. Ada.<br /> +10. Titea.<br /> +11. Debora.<br /> +12. Neginothi.<br /> +13. Hottir.<br /> +14. Orpah.<br /> +15. Axa.<br /> +16. Narfesia.<br /> +17. Goshenni.<br /> +18. Briageta.<br /> +19. Andronia.<br /> +20. Pusena.<br /> +21. Emphaneola.<br /> +22. Bonaria.<br /> +23. Peninah.<br /> +24. Asymbleta.<br /> +25. Carissa.<br /> +26. Calaglais.<br /> +27. Theoglena.<br /> +28. Pammerisla.<br /> +29. Floridula.<br /> +30. Chrysocomis.<br /> +31. Arrenopas.<br /> +32. Tharsalia.<br /> +33. Maia.<br /> +34. Roma.<br /> +35. Termuth.<br /> +36. Vegeta.<br /> +37. Callimeris.<br /> +38. Panthea.<br /> +39. Gonima.<br /> +40. Ganymena.<br /> +41. Thespesia.<br /> +42. Hypermnestra.<br /> +43. Horatia.<br /> +44. Philumena.<br /> +45. Neopis.<br /> +46. Thymelica.<br /> +47. Ephamilla.<br /> +48. Porrima.<br /> +49. Lampedo.<br /> +50. Teleclyta.<br /> +51. Clarabella.<br /> +52. Eromena.<br /> +53. Zocallis.<br /> +54. Lepida.<br /> +55. Nicolia.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span>56. Proteusa.<br /> +57. Gozosa.<br /> +58. Venusta.<br /> +59. Prosectica.<br /> +60. Delotera.<br /> +61. Tracara.<br /> +62. Pothina.<br /> +63. Cordata.<br /> +64. Aretias.<br /> +65. Musurga.<br /> +66. Romalia.<br /> +67. Orthoiusa.<br /> +68. Recatada.<br /> +69. Chariestera.<br /> +70. Rexenora.<br /> +71. Philerga.<br /> +72. Thomyris.<br /> +73. Varonilla.<br /> +74. Stranella.<br /> +75. Æquanima.<br /> +76. Barosa.<br /> +77. Epimona.<br /> +78. Diosa.<br /> +79. Bonita.<br /> +80. Aretusa.<br /> +81. Bendita.<br /> +82. Regalletta.<br /> +83. Isumena.<br /> +84. Antaxia.<br /> +85. Bergola.<br /> +86. Viracia.<br /> +87. Dynastis.<br /> +88. Dalga.<br /> +89. Eutocusa.<br /> +90. Corriba.<br /> +91. Præcelsa.<br /> +92. Plausidica.<br /> +93. Donosa.<br /> +94. Solicælia.<br /> +95. Bontadosa.<br /> +96. Calliparia.<br /> +97. Crelenca.<br /> +98. Pancala.<br /> +99. Dominella.<br /> +100. Mundala.<br /> +101. Pamphais.<br /> +102. Philtrusa.<br /> +103. Meliglena.<br /> +104. Philetium.<br /> +105. Tersa.<br /> +106. Dulcicora.<br /> +107. Gethosyna.<br /> +108. Collabella.<br /> +109. Eucnema.<br /> +110. Tortolina.<br /> +111. Ripulita.<br /> +112. Urbana.<br /> +113. Lampusa.<br /> +114. Vistosa.<br /> +115. Hermosina.<br /> +116. Bramata.<br /> +117. Zaglopis.<br /> +118. Androlema.<br /> +119. Trastevole.<br /> +120. Suaviloqua.<br /> +121. Francoline.<br /> +122. Matilda.<br /> +123. Allegra.<br /> +124. Winnifred.<br /> +125. Dorothy.<br /> +126. Lawretta.<br /> +127. Genivieve.<br /> +128. Marjory.<br /> +129. Jane.<br /> +130. Anne.<br /> +131. Magdalen.<br /> +132. Girsel.<br /> +133. Mary.<br /> +134. Sophia.<br /> +135. Elconore.<br /> +136. Rosalind.<br /> +137. Lillias.<br /> +138. <i>Brigid.</i><br /> +139. <i>Agnes.</i><br /> +140. <i>Susanna.</i><br /> +141. <i>Catherine.</i><br /> +142. <i>Helen.</i><br /> +143. <i>Beatrice.</i><br /> +144. <i>Elizabeth.</i><br /> +145. <i>Elizabeth.</i><br /> +146. <i>Christian.</i><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span></p> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2><a name="APPENDIX_II" id="APPENDIX_II"></a>APPENDIX II</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Admirable Crichton</span> (p. 157).</p> + + +<p>"To speak a little now of his compatriot Crichtoun, +I hope will not offend the ingenuous reader; who +may know, by what is already displayed, that it +cannot be heterogeneal from the proposed purpose, +to make report of that magnanimous act atchieved +by him at the Duke of Mantua's court, to the honour +not only of his own, but to the eternal renown also +of the whole Isle of Britain; the manner whereof +was thus:</p> + +<p>"A certain Italian gentleman, of a mighty, able, +strong, nimble, and vigorous body, by nature fierce, +cruell, warlike, and audacious, and in the gladiatory +art so superlatively expert and dextrous, that all the +most skilful teachers of Escrime, and fencing-masters +of Italy, (which in matter of choice professors in that +faculty, needed never as yet to yeild to any nation +in the world), were by him beaten to their good +behaviour, and by blows given in, which they could +not avoid, enforced to acknowledge him their over +comer; bethinking himself, how, after so great a +conquest of reputation, he might by such means be +very suddenly enriched, he projected a course of exchanging +the blunt to sharp, and the foiles into +tucks. And in this resolution providing a purse +full of gold, worth neer upon four hundred pounds +English money, traveled alongst the most especial +and considerable parts of Spaine, France, the Low-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span>Countryes, +Germany, Pole, Hungary, Greece, Italy, +and other places, where ever there was greatest +probability of encountring with the eagerest and +most atrocious duellists. And immediately after his +arrival to any city or town that gave apparent likelihood +of some one or other champion that would enter +the lists and cope with him, he boldly challenged them +with sound of trumpet, in the chief market-place, to +adventure an equal sum of money against that of +his, to be disputed at the sword's point who should +have both. There failed not several brave men, +almost of all nations, who, accepting of his cartels, were +not afraid to hazard both their person and coine +against him; but, (till he midled with this Crichtoun), +so maine was the ascendant he had above all his +antagonists, and so unlucky the fate of such as +offered to scuffle with him, that all his opposing +combatants, (of what state or dominion soever they +were), who had not lost both their life and gold, were +glad, for the preservation of their person, (though +sometimes with a great expence of blood), to leave both +their reputation and mony behind them. At last, +returning homewards to his own country, loaded with +honor and wealth, or rather the spoils of the reputation +of those forraginers, whom the Italians call Tramontani, +he, by the way, after his accustomed manner +of abording other places, repaired to the city of +Mautua, where the Duke, (according to the courtesie +usually bestowed on him by other princes), vouchsafed +him a protection and savegard for his person; +he (as formerly he was wont to do, by beat of drum, +sound of trumpet, and several printed papers, disclosing +his designe, battered on all the chief gates, posts, +and pillars of the town), gave all men to understand, +that his purpose was to challenge, at the single +rapier, any whosoever of that city or country, that +durst be so bold as to fight with him, provided he +would deposite a bag of five hundred Spanish pistols<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span> +over against another of the same value, which he +himself should lay down, upon this condition, that +the enjoyment of both should be the conqueror's +due. His challenge was not long unanswered, for +it happened, at the same time, that three of the most +notable cutters in the world, (and so highly cryed up +for valour, that all the bravos of the land were +content to give way to their domineering, how +insolent soever they should prove, because of their +former constantly obtained victories in the field), +were all three together at the court of Mantua, who, +hearing of such a harvest of five hundred pistols to +be reaped, (as they expected), very soon, and with +ease, had almost contested amongst themselves for +the priority of the first encounterer, but that one of +my Lord Duke's courtiers moved them to cast lots +for who should be first, second, and third, in case +none of the former two should prove victorious. +Without more adoe, he whose chance it was to +answer the cartel with the first defiance, presented +himself within the barriers, or place appointed for +the fight, where, his adversary attending him, as soon +as the trumpet sounded a charge, they jointly fel to +work; and, (because I am not now to amplifie the +particulars of a combat), although the dispute was +very hot for a while, yet, whose fortune it was to be +first of the three in the field, had the disaster to be +first of the three that was foyled; for, at last, with +a thrust in the throat, he was killed dead upon the +ground. This, nevertheless, not a whit dismayed the +other two, for, the nixt day, he that was second in +the roll gave his appearance after the same manner +as the first had done, but with no better success; for +he likewise was laid flat dead upon the place, by +means of a thrust he received in the heart. The last +of the three, finding that he was as sure of being +engaged in the fight as if he had been the first in +order, pluckt up his heart, knit his spirits together,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span> +and, all the day after the death of the second, most +couragiously entering the lists, demeaned himself for +a while with great activity and skill; but at last, his +luck being the same with those that preceded him, +by a thrust in the belly, he within four and twenty +hours after gave up the ghost. These (you may +imagine), were lamentable spectacles to the Duke and +citie of Mantua, who, casting down their faces for +shame, knew not what course to take for reparation +of their honour. The conquering duellist, proud of +a victory so highly tending to both his honour and +profit, for the space of a whole fortnight, or two +weeks together, marched daily along the streets of +Mantua, (without any opposition or controulment), +like another Romulus or Marcellus in triumph; +which, the never too much to be admired Crichtoun +perceiving, to wipe off the imputation of cowardise +lying upon the court of Mantua, to which he had +but even then arrived, (although formerly he had +been a domestick thereof), he could neither eat nor +drink till he had first sent a challenge to the conqueror, +appelling him to repair with his best sword +in his hand, by nine of the clock in the morning of +the next day, in presence of the whole court, and in +the same place where he had killed the other three, +to fight with him upon this quarrel, that in the court +of Mantua there were as valiant men as he; and, for +his better encouragement to the desired undertaking, +he assured him that, to the aforesaid five hundred +pistols, he would adjoyn a thousand more, wishing +him to do the like, that the victor, upon the point of +his sword, might carry away the richer bootay. The +challenge, with all its conditions, is no sooner accepted +of, the time and place mutually condescended upon, +kept accordingly, and the fifteen hundred pistols +<i>hinc inde</i> deposited, but of the two rapiers of equal +weight, length, and goodness, each taking one, in +presence of the Duke, Dutchess, with all the noble<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span>men, +ladies, magnificos, and all the choicest of men, +women, and maids of that citie, as soon as the signal +for the duel was given, by the shot of a great piece +of ordnance of threescore and four pound ball, the +combatants, with a lion-like animosity, made their +approach to one another, and, being within distance, +the valiant Crichtoun, to make his adversary spend his +fury the sooner, betook himself to the defensive part; +wherein, for a long time, he shewed such excellent +dexterity in warding the other's blows, slighting his +falsifyings, in breaking measure, and often, by the +agility of his body, avoiding his thrust, that he +seemed but to play, while the other was in earnest. +The sweetness of Crichtoun's countenance, in the +hotest of the assault, like a glance of lightning on +the hearts of the spectators, brought all the Italian +ladies on a sudden to be enamoured of him; whilst +the sternness of the other's aspect, he looking like an +enraged bear, would have struck terrour into wolves, +and affrighted an English mastiff. Though they +were both in their linens, (to wit, shirts and drawers, +without any other apparel), and in all outward conveniences +equally adjusted, the Italian, with redoubling +his stroaks, foamed at the mouth with a +cholerick heart, and fetched a pantling breath; the +Scot, in sustaining his charge, kept himself in a +pleasant temper, without passion, and made void his +designes; he alters his wards from tierce to quart; +he primes and seconds it, now high, now lowe, and +casts his body, (like another Prothee), into all the +shapes he can, to spie an open on his adversary, and +lay hold of an advantage, but all in vain; for the +invincible Crichtoun, whom no cunning was able to +surprise, contrepostures his respective wards, and, +with an incredible nimbleness of both hand and foot, +evades the intent and frustrates the invasion. Now +is it, that the never before conquered Italian, finding +himself a little faint, enters into a consideration that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span> +he may be over-matched; whereupon a sad apprehension +of danger seizing upon all his spirits, he +would gladly have his life bestowed on him as a gift, +but that, having never been accustomed to yield, +he knows not how to beg it. Matchless Crichtoun, +seeing it now high time to put a gallant catastrophe +to that so long dubious combat, animated with a +divinely inspired servencie to fulfil the expectation +of the ladies, and crown the Duke's illustrious hopes, +changeth his garb, falls to act another part, and, +from defender, turn assailant; never did art so grace +nature, nor nature second the precepts of art with so +much liveliness, and such observancie of time, as +when, after he had struck fire out of the steel of his +enemie's sword, and gained the feeble thereof with +the fort of his own, by angles of the strongest position, +he did, by geometrical flourishes of straight and +oblique lines, so practically execute the speculative +part, that, as if there had been Remoras and secret +charms in the variety of his motion, the fierceness of +his foe was in a trice transqualified into the numbness +of a pageant. Then was it that, to vindicate the reputation +of the Duke's family, and expiate the blood +of the three vanquished gentlemen, he alonged a +stoccade <i>de pied ferme</i>; then recoyling, he advanced +another thrust, and lodged it home; after which, +retiring again, his right foot did beat the cadence of +the blow that pierced the belly of this Italian, whose +heart and throat being hit with the two former +stroaks, these three franch bouts given in upon the +back of the other; besides that, if lines were imagined +drawn from the hand that livered them, to the places +which were marked by them, they would represent a +perfect isosceles triangle, with a perpendicular from +the top angle cutting the basis in the middle; they +likewise give us to understand, that by them he was +to be made a sacrifice of atonement for the slaughter +of the three aforesaid gentlemen, who were wounded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span> +in the very same parts of their bodies by other such +three venees as these, each whereof being mortal; +and his vital spirits exhaling as his blood gushed out, +all he spoke was this, That seeing he could not live, +his comfort in dying was, that he could not dye by +the hand of a braver man; after the uttering of +which words, he expiring, with the shril clarcens of +trumpets, bouncing thunder of artillery, bethwacked +beating of drums, universal clapping of hands, and +loud acclamations of joy for so glorious a victory, the +aire above them was so rarified by the extremity of +the noise and vehement sound, dispelling the thickest +and most condensed parts thereof, that (as Plutarch +speakes of the Grecians, when they raised their shouts +of allegress up to the very heavens at the hearing of +the gracious proclamations of Paulus Æmilius in +favour of their liberty), the very sparrows and other +flying fowls were said to fall to the ground for want +of aire enough to uphold them in their flight.</p> + +<p>"When this sudden rapture was over, and all husht +into its former tranquility, the noble gallantry and +generosity, beyond expression, of the inimitable +Crichtoun, did transport them all againe into a new +exstasie of ravishment, when they saw him like an +angel in the shape of a man, or as another Mars, +with the conquered enemie's sword in one hand, and +the fifteen hundred pistols he had gained in the +other, present the sword to the Duke as his due, +and the gold to his high treasurer, to be disponed +equally to the three widows of the three unfortunate +gentlemen lately slaine, reserving only to himself +the inward satisfaction he conceived, for having so +opportunely discharged his duty to the House of +Mantua.</p> + +<p>"The reader perhaps will think this wonderful; and +so would I too, were it not that I know, (as Sir Philip +Sydney sayes), that a wonder is no wonder in a wonderful +subject, and consequently not in him, who for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span> +his learning, judgement, valour, eloquence, beauty, +and good-fellowship was the perfectest result of the +joynt labour of the perfect number of those six +deities, Pallas, Apollo, Mars, Mercury, Venus, and +Bacchus, that hath been seen since the dayes of +Alcibiades; for he was reported to have been inriched +with a memory so prodigious, that any sermon, +speech, harangue, or other manner of discourse of an +hour's continuance, he was able to recite without +hesitation, after the same manner of gesture and +pronuntiation in all points, wherewith it was delivered +at first; and of so stupendious a judgment +and conception, that almost naturally he understood +quiddities of philosophy; and as for the abstrusest +and most researched mysteries of other disciplines, +arts, and faculties, the intentional species of them +were as readily obvious to the interiour view and perspicacity +of his mind, as those of the common visible +colours to the external sight of him that will open +his eyes to look upon them; of which accomplishment +and Encyclopedia of knowledge, he gave on a +time so marvelous a testimony at Paris, that the +words of <i>Admirabilis Scotus</i>, the Wonderful Scot, in +all the several tongues and idiomes of Europ, were, +(for a great while together), by the most of the echos +resounded to the peircing of the very clouds. To so +great a hight and vast extent of praise did the never +too much to be extolled reputation of the seraphick +wit of that eximious man attaine, for his commanding +to be affixed programs on all the gates of the +schooles, halls, and colledges of that famous university, +as also on all the chief pillars and posts standing +before the houses of the most renowned men for +literature, resident within the precinct of the walls +and suburbs of that most populous and magnificent +city, inviting them all, (or any whoever else versed in +any kinde of scholastick faculty), to repaire at nine of +the clock in the morning of such a day, moneth, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span> +yeer, as by computation came to be just six weeks +after the date of the affixes, to the common schoole +of the colledge of Navarre,<a name="FNanchor_261_264" id="FNanchor_261_264"></a><a href="#Footnote_261_264" class="fnanchor">[261]</a> where, (at the prefixed +time), he should, (God willing), be ready to answer to +what should be propounded to him concerning any +science, liberal art, discipline, or faculty, practical or +theoretick, not excluding the theological nor jurisprudential +habits, though grounded but upon the +testimonies of God and man, and that in any of these +twelve languages,<a name="FNanchor_262_265" id="FNanchor_262_265"></a><a href="#Footnote_262_265" class="fnanchor">[262]</a> Hebrew, Syriack, Arabick, Greek, +Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, English, Dutch, +Flemish, and Sclavonian, in either verse or prose, at +the discretion of the disputant; which high enterprise +and hardy undertaking, by way of challenge to the +learndst men in the world, damped the wits of many +able scholars to consider whether it was the attempt +of a fanatick spirit, or lofty designe of a well-poised +judgment; yet after a few days enquiry concerning +him, when information was got of his incomparable +endowments, all the choicest and most profound +philosophers, mathematicians, naturalists, mediciners, +alchymists, apothecaries, surgeons, doctors of both +civil and canon law, and divines both for controversies +and positive doctrine, together with the primest +grammarians, rhetoricians, logicians, and others, +professors of other arts and disciplines at Paris, +plyed their studys in their private cels for the space +of a moneth, exceeding hard, and with huge paines +and labor set all their braines awork how to contrive +the knurriest arguments, and most difficult questions +could be devised, thereby to puzzle him in the resolving +of them, meander him in his answers, put<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span> +him out of his medium, and drive him to a <i>non plus</i>; +nor did they forget to premonish the ablest there of +forraign nations not to be unprepared to dispute +with him in their own material dialects, and that +sometimes metrically, sometimes otherwayes, <i>pro +libitu</i>.<a name="FNanchor_263_266" id="FNanchor_263_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_263_266" class="fnanchor">[263]</a> All this while the Admirable Scot, (for so +from thenceforth he was called), minding more his +hawking, hunting, tilting, vaulting, riding of well-managed +horses, tossing of the pike, handling of the +musket, flourishing of colours, dancing, fencing, swimming, +jumping, throwing of the bar, playing at tennis, +baloon, or long catch; and sometimes at the house +games of dice, cards, playing at the chess, billiards, +trou-madam, and other such like chamber sports, +singing, playing on the lute and other musical instruments, +masking, balling, reveling; and, which did most +of all divert, or rather distract him from his speculations +and serious employments, being more addicted +to, and plying closer the courting of handsome ladyes, +and a jovial cup in the company of bacchanalian +blades, then [than] the forecasting how to avoid, +shun, and escape the snares, grins [gins?], and nets +of the hard, obscure, and hidden arguments, ridles, +and demands, to be made, framed, and woven by the +professors, doctors, and others of that thrice-renowned +university. There arose upon him an aspersion of +too great proness to such like debordings and youthful +emancipations, which occasioned one less acquainted +with himself then [than] his reputation, to +subjoyn, (some two weeks before the great day +appointed), to that program of his, which was fixed +on the Sorbone gate, these words: 'If you would +meet with this monster of perfection, to make search +for him ... in the taverne ... is the reedyest way +to finde him.' By reason of which expression, +(though truly as I think, both scandalous and false), +the eminent sparks of the university, (imagining that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span> +those papers of provocation had been set up to no +other end, but to scoff and delude them, in making +them waste their spirits upon quirks and quiddities, +more then [than] was fitting), did resent a little of +their former toyle, and slack their studyes, becoming +almost regardless thereof, till the several peals of +bells ringing an hour or two before the time assigned, +gave warning that the party was not to flee the +barriers, nor decline the hardship of academical +assaults; but, on the contrary, so confident in his +former resolution, that he would not shrink to sustaine +the shock of all their disceptations. This +sudden alarm so awaked them out of their last fortnight's +lethargy, that, calling to minde, the best way +they might, the fruits of the foregoing moneth's +labour, they hyed to the forenamed schoole with all +diligence; where, after all of them had, according to +their several degrees and qualities, seated themselves, +and that by reason of the noise occasioned through +the great confluence of people, which so strange a +novelty brought thither out of curiosity, an universal +silence was commanded, the Orator of the University, +in most fluent Latine, addressing his speech to +Crichtoun, extolled him for his literature, and other +good parts, and for that confident opinion he had of +his own sufficiency, in thinking himself able to justle +in matters of learning with the whole university of +Paris, Crichtoun answering him in no less eloquent +terms of Latine, after he had most heartily thanked +him for his elegies, so undeservedly bestowed, and +darted some high encomiums upon the university +and the professors therein; he very ingeniously +[ingenuously] protested that he did not emit his +programs out of any ambition to be esteemed able to +enter in competition with the university, but meerly +to be honoured with the favour of a publick conference +with the learned men thereof. In complements +after this manner, <i>ultro citroque habitis</i>, tossed to and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span> +again, retorted, contrerisposted, backreverted, and +now and then graced with a quip or a clinch for the +better relish of the ear, being unwilling in this kind +of straining curtesie to yeeld to other, they spent a +full half hour and more; for he being the centre to +which the innumerable diameters of the discourses +of that circulary convention did tend, although none +was to answer but he, any of them all, according to +the order of their prescribed series, were permitted +to reply, or commence new motions on any subject, +in what language soever, and howsoever expressed; +to all which, he being bound to tender himself a +respondent, in matter and form suitable to the impugners +propounding, he did first so transcendently +acquit himself of that circumstantial kinde of oratory, +that, by well-couched periods, and neatly running +syllables, in all the twelve languages, both in verse +and prose, he expressed to the life his courtship +[courtliness] and civility; and afterwards, when the +Rector of the university, (unwilling to have any more +time bestowed on superficial rhetorick, or to have +that wasted on the fondness of quaint phrases, which +might be better employed in a reciprocacy of discussing +scientifically the nature of substantial things), +gave direction to the professors to fall on, each +according to the dignity or precedency of his faculty, +and that conform to the order given. Some metaphysical +notions were set abroach, then mathematical, +and of those arithmetical, geometrical, astronomical, +musical, optical, cosmographical, trigonometrical, +statical, and so forth through all the other branches +of the prime and mother sciences thereof; the next +bout was through all natural philosophy, according +to Aristotle's method, from the acroamaticks, going +along the speculation of the nature of the heavens, +and that of the generation and corruption of sublinary +things, even to the consideration of the soul +and its faculties; in sequel hereof, they had a hint<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span> +at chymical extractions, and spoke of the principles +of corporeal and mixed bodies, according to the precepts +of that art. After this, they disputed of +medicine, in all its thereapeutick, pharmacopeutick, +and chirurgical parts; and not leaving natural magick +untouched, they had exquisite disceptations concerning +the secrets thereof. From thence they proceeded +to moral philosophy, where, debating of the true +enumeration of all vertues and vices, they had most +learned ratiocinations about the chief good of the life +of man; and seeing the [that] œcumenicks and +politicks are parts of that philosophy, they argued +learnedly of all the several sorts of governments, +with their defects and advantages; whereupon perpending, +that, without an established law, all the +duties of ruling and subjection, to the utter ruin of +humane society, would be as often violated as the +irregularity of passion, seconded with power, should +give way thereto. The Sorbonist, canonical, and +civilian doctors most judiciously argued with him +about the most prudential maximes, sentences, ordinances, +acts, and statutes for ordering all manner of +persones in their consciences, bodyes, fortunes, and +reputation; nor was there an end put to those +literate exercitations till the grammarians, rhetoricians, +poets, and logicians had assailed him with all +the subtleties and nicest quodlibets their respective +habits could afford. Now when, to the admiration +of all that were there, the incomparable Crichtoun +had, in all these faculties above written, and in any +of the twelve languages wherein he was spoke to, +whether in verse or prose, held tack to all the disputants, +who were accounted the ablest scholars +upon earth in each their own profession; and publickly +evidenced such an universality of knowledge, +and accurate promptness in resolving of doubts, distinguishing +of obscurities, expressing the members +of a distinction in adequate terms of art, explaining<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span> +those compendious tearms with words of a more +easie apprehension to the prostrating of the sublimest +mysteries to any vulgar capacity, and with all +excogitable variety of learning, (to his own everlasting +fame), entertained, after that kinde, the nimble witted +Parisians from nine o'clock in the morning till six +at night; the Rector now finding it high time to give +some relaxation to these worthy spirits, which, during +such a long space, had been so intensively bent +upon the abstrusest speculations, rose up, and saluting +the divine Crichtoun, after he had made an elegant +panegyrick, or encomiastick speech of half an houre's +continuance, tending to nothing else but the extolling +of him for the rare and most singular gifts wherewith +God and nature had endowed him, he descended +from his chaire, and, attended by three or four of +the most especial professors, presented him with a +diamond ring and a purse ful of gold, wishing him to +accept thereof, if not, as a recompense proportional +to his merit, yet as a badge of love, and testimony of +the universitie's favour towards him. At the tender +of which ceremony, there was so great a plaudite in +the schoole, such a humming and clapping of hands, +that all the concavities of the colledges there about +did resound with the echo of the noise thereof.</p> + +<p>"Notwithstanding the great honor thus purchased +by him for his literatory accomplishments, and that +many excellent spirits, to obteine the like, would be +content to postpose all other employments to the +enjoyment of their studyes, he, nevertheless, the very +next day, (to refresh his braines, as he said, for the +toile of the former day's work), went to the Louvre in +a buff-suit, more like a favourite of Mars then [than] +one of the Muses' minions; where, in presence of +some princes of the court, and great ladies, that +came to behold his gallantry, he carryed away the +ring fifteen times on end, and broke as many lances +on the Saracen.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span></p> + +<p>"When for a quarter of a yeer together he after +this manner had disported himself, (what martially, +what scholastically), with the best qualified men in +any faculty so ever, that so large a city, (which is +called the world's abridgement), was able to afford, +and now and then solaced these his more serious +recreations, (for all was but sport to him), with the +alluring imbellishments of the tendrer sexe, whose +<i>inamorato</i> that he might be, was their ambition; he +on a sudden took resolution to leave the Court of +France, and return to Italy, where he had been bred +for many yeers together; which designe he prosecuting +within the space of a moneth, (without +troubling himself with long journeys), he arrived at +the Court of Mantua, where immediately after his +abord, (as hath been told already), he fought the +memorable combat whose description is above +related. Here it was that the learned and valiant +Crichtoun was pleased to cast anchor, and fix his +abode; nor could he almost otherwise do, without +disobliging the Duke, and the Prince his eldest son; +by either whereof he was so dearly beloved, that +none of them would permit him by any means to +leave their Court, whereof he was the only <i>privado</i>, +the object of all men's love, and subject of their +discourse; the example of the great ones, and +wonder of the meaner people; the paramour of the +female sexe, and paragon of his own. In the glory +of which high estimation, having resided at that +Court above two whole yeers, the reputation of +gentlemen there was hardly otherwayes valued but +by the measure of his acquaintance; nor were the +young unmaryed ladies, of all the most eminent +places thereabouts, any thing respected of one +another, that had not either a lock of his hair, or +copy of verses of his composing. Nevertheless it +happening on a Shrove-tuesday at night, (at which +time it is in Italy very customary for men of great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span> +sobriety, modesty, and civil behaviour all the rest of +the yeer, to give themselves over on that day of +carnavale, as they call it, to all manner of riot, +drunkenness, and incontinency, which that they may +do with the least imputation they can to their credit, +they go maskt and mum'd with vizards on their faces, +and in the disguise of a Zanni or Pantaloon, to +ventilate their fopperies, and sometimes intolerable +enormities, without suspicion of being known), that +this ever renowned Crichtoun, (who, in the afternoon +of that day, at the desire of my Lord Duke, the +whole court striving which should exceed each other +in foolery, and devising of the best sports to excite +laughter, neither my Lord, the Dutchess, nor Prince, +being exempted from acting their parts, as well as +they could), upon a theater set up for the purpose, +begun to prank it, <i>à la Venetiana</i>, with such a +flourish of mimick and ethopoetick gestures, that all +the courtiers of both sexes, even those that a little +before were fondest of their own conceits, at the sight +of his so inimitable a garb, from ravishing actors that +they were before, turned them ravished spectators. +O with how great liveliness did he represent the conditions +of all manner of men! how naturally did he +set before the eyes of the beholders the rogueries of +all professions, from the overweening monarch to the +peevish swaine, through all the intermediate degrees +of the superficial courtier or proud warrior, dissembled +churchman, doting old man, cozening lawyer, +lying traveler, covetous merchant, rude seaman, +pedantick scholar, the amourous shepheard, envious +artisan, vainglorious master, and tricky servant; he +did with such variety display the several humours of +all these sorts of people, and with a so bewitching +energy, that he seemed to be the original, they the +counterfeit; and they the resemblance whereof he +was the prototype. He had all the jeers, squibs, +flouts, buls, quips, taunts, whims, jests, clinches,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span> +gybes, mokes, jerks, with all the several kinds of +equivocations, and other sophistical captions, that +could properly be adapted to the person by whose +representation he intended to inveagle the company +into a fit of mirth; and would keep in that miscelany +discourse of his, (which was all for the splene, and +nothing for the gall), such a climacterical and mercurially +digested method, that when the fancy of the +hearers was tickled with any rare conceit, and that +the jovial blood was moved, he held it going with +another new device upon the back of the first, and +another, yet another, and another againe, succeeding +one another for the promoval of what is a-stirring +into a higher agitation; till in the closure of the +luxuriant period, the decumanal wave of the oddest +whimsy of all, enforced the charmed spirits of the +auditory, (for affording room to its apprehension), +suddenly to burst forth into a laughter, which +commonly lasted just so long as he had leisure to +withdraw behind the skreen, shift off, with the help +of a page, the suite he had on, apparel himself with +another, and return to the stage to act afresh; for +by that time their transported, disparpled, and +sublimated fancies, by the wonderfully operating +engines of his solacious inventions, had from the +hight to which the inward scrues, wheeles, and pullies +of his wit had elevated them, descended by degrees +into their wonted stations, he was ready for the +personating of another carriage; whereof to the +number of fourteen several kinds, (during the five +hours space that at the Duke's desire, the solicitation +of the court, and his own recreation, he was pleased +to histrionize it), he shewed himself so natural a +representative, that any would have thought he had +been so many several actors, differing in all things +else, save only the stature of the body; with this +advantage above the most of other actors, whose +tongue, with its oral implements, is the onely instru<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span>ment +of their minds' disclosing, that, besides his +mouth with its appurtenances, he lodged almost a +several oratour in every member of his body; his +head, his eyes, his shoulder, armes, hands, fingers, +thighs, legs, feet, and breast, being able to decipher +any passion whose character he purposed to give.</p> + +<p>"First, he did present himself with a crown on his +head, a scepter in his hand, being clothed in a purple +robe furred with ermyne; after that, with a miter on +his head, a crosier in his hand, and accoutred with a +paire of lawn-sleeves; and thereafter, with a helmet +on his head, the visiere up, a commanding stick in +his hand, and arayed in a buff-suit, with a scarf +about his middle. Then, in a rich apparel, after the +newest fashion, did he shew himself, (like another +Sejanus), with a periwig daubed with Cypres powder; +in sequel of that, he came out with a three-corner'd +cap on his head, some parchments in his hand, and +writings hanging at his girdle like Chancery bills; +and next to that, with a furred gown about him, an +ingot of gold in his hand, and a bag full of money by +his side; after all this, he appeares againe clad in a +country-jacket, with a prong in his hand, and a +Monmouth-like-cap on his head; then very shortly +after, with a palmer's coat upon him, a bourdon in +his hand,<a name="FNanchor_264_267" id="FNanchor_264_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_264_267" class="fnanchor">[264]</a> and some few cockle-shels stuck to his +hat, he look'd as if he had come in pilgrimage from +St Michael; immediately after that, he domineers +it in a bare unlined gown, with a pair of whips in the +one hand, and Corderius in the other; and in suite +thereof, he honderspondered<a name="FNanchor_265_268" id="FNanchor_265_268"></a><a href="#Footnote_265_268" class="fnanchor">[265]</a> it with a pair of +pannier-like breeches, a mountera-cap on his head, +and a knife in a wooden sheath dagger-ways by his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span> +side; about the latter end, he comes forth again with +a square in one hand, a rule in the other, and a +leather apron before him; then very quickly after, +with a scrip by his side, a sheep-hook in his hand, +and a basket full of flowers to make nosegayes for his +mistris; now drawing to a closure, he rants it first +<i>in cuerpo</i>, and vapouring it with gingling spurs, and +his armes a kenbol like a Don Diego he strouts it, +and by the loftiness of his gate, plaies the Capitan +Spavento; then in the very twinkling of an eye, you +would have seen him againe issue forth with a cloak +upon his arm, in a livery garment, thereby representing +the serving-man; and lastly, at one time +amongst those other, he came out with a long gray +beard, and bucked ruff, crouching on a staff tip't, with +the head of a barber's cithern,<a name="FNanchor_266_269" id="FNanchor_266_269"></a><a href="#Footnote_266_269" class="fnanchor">[266]</a> and his gloves +hanging by a button at his girdle.</p> + +<p>"Those fifteen several personages did he represent +with such excellency of garb, and exquisiteness of +language, that condignely to perpend the subtlety of +the invention, the method of the disposition, the +neatness of the elocution, the gracefulness of the +action, and wonderful variety in the so dextrous +performance of all, you would have taken it for a +comedy of five acts, consisting of three scenes, each +composed by the best poet in the world, and acted +by fifteen of the best players that ever lived, as was +most evidently made apparent to all the spectators +in the fifth and last hour of his action, (which, according +to our western account, was about six a clock at +night, and by the calculation of that country, half an +hour past three and twenty, at that time of the yeer), +for, purposing to leave off with the setting of the +sun, with an endeavour nevertheless to make his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span> +conclusion the master-piece of the work, he, to that +effect, summoning all his spirits together, which +never failed to be ready at the call of so worthy a +commander, did by their assistance, so conglomerate, +shuffle, mix, and interlace the gestures, inclinations, +actions, and very tones of the speech of those fifteen +several sorts of men, whose carriages he did personate +into an inestimable <i>ollapodrida</i> of immaterial +morsels of divers kinds, suitable to the very +ambrosian relish of the Heliconian nymphs, that, +in the peripetia of this drammatical exercitation, +by the inchanted transportation of the eyes and +eares of its spectabundal auditorie, one would have +sworne that they all had looked with multiplying +glasses, and that, (like that angel in the Scripture +whose voice was said to be like the voice of a +multitude), they heard in him alone the promiscuous +speech of fifteen several actors; by the various +ravishments of the excellencies whereof, in the +frolickness of a jocund straine beyond expectation, +the logofascinated spirits of the beholding hearers +and auricularie spectators, were so on a sudden +seazed upon in their risible faculties of the soul, +and all their vital motions so universally affected +in this extremitie of agitation, that, to avoid the +inevitable charmes of his intoxicating ejaculations, +and the accumulative influences of so powerfull a +transportation, one of my lady Dutchess' chief +maids of honour, by the vehemencie of the shock of +those incomprehensible raptures, burst forth into a +laughter to the rupture of a veine in her body; and +another young lady, by the irresistible violence of +the pleasure unawares infused, where the tender +receptibilitie of her too tickled fancie was least able +to hold out, so unprovidedly was surprised, that, +with no less impetuositie of ridibundal passion +then [than], (as hath been told), occasioned a fracture +in the other young ladie's modestie, she, not being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span> +able longer to support the well beloved burthen of +so excessive delight, and intransing joys of such +mercurial exhilations through the ineffable extasie +of an overmastered apprehension, fell back in a +swown, without the appearance of any other life +into her then [than] what, by the most refined wits +of theological speculators, is conceived to be exerced +by the purest parts of the separated entelechises of +blessed saints in their sublimest conversations with +the celestial hierarchies; this accident procured the +incoming of an apothecary with restoratives, as the +other did that of a surgeon with consolidative medicaments.<a name="FNanchor_267_270" id="FNanchor_267_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_267_270" class="fnanchor">[267]</a> +The Admirable Crichtoun now perceiving +that it was drawing somewhat late, and that our +occidental rays of Phœbus were upon their turning +oriental to the other hemisphere of the terrestrial +globe; being withall jealous that the uninterrupted +operation of the exuberant diversitie of his jovialissime +entertainment, by a continuate winding up of +the humours there present to a higher, yet higher, +and still higher pitch, above the supremest Lydian +note of the harmonie of voluptuousness, should, in +such a case, through the too intensive stretching of +the already super-elated strings of their imagination,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span> +with a transcendencie over-reaching Ela, and beyond +the well concerted gain of rational equanimitie, involve +the remainder of that illustrious companie into +the sweet labyrinth and mellifluent anfractuosities of +a lacinious delectation, productive of the same inconveniences +which befel the two afore-named ladies; +whose delicacie of constitution, though sooner overcome, +did not argue, but that the same extranean +causes from him proceeding of their pathetick alteration, +might by a longer insisting in an efficacious +agencie, and unremitted working of all the consecutively +imprinted degrees that the capacity of the +patient is able to containe, prevaile at last, and have +the same predominancie over the dispositions of the +strongest complexioned males of that splendid society, +did, in his own ordinary wearing apparel, with the +countenance of a Prince, and garb befitting the +person of a so well bred gentleman and cavalier, +κατ εξοχην full of majestie, and repleat with all excogitable +civilitie, (to the amazement of all that beheld +his heroick gesture), present himself to epilogate this +his almost extemporanean comedie, though of five +hours continuance without intermission; and that +with a peroration so neatly uttered, so distinctly +pronounced, and in such elegancie of selected tearmes, +expressed by a diction so periodically contexed with +isocoly of members, that the matter thereof tending +in all humility to beseech the highnesses of the +Duke, Prince, and Dutchess, together with the +remanent lords, ladies, knights, gentlemen, and +others of both sexes of that honourable convention, +to vouchsafe him the favour to excuse his that afternoon's +escaped extravagancies, and to lay the blame +of the indigested irregularity of his wits' excursions, +and the abortive issues of his disordered brain, upon +the customarily dispensed with priviledges in those +Cisalpinal regions, to authorize such like impertinencies +at Carnavalian festivals; and that, although,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span> +according to the meet commonly received opinion in +that country, after the nature of Load-him, (a game +at cards), where he that wins loseth, he who, at that +season of the year, playeth the fool most egregiously, +is reputed the wisest man; he, nevertheless, not +being ambitious of the fame of enjoying good qualities, +by vertue of the antiphrasis of the fruition of +bad ones, did meerly undergo that emancipatorie +task of a so profuse liberty, and to no other end +embraced the practising of such roaming and exorbitant +diversions but to give an evident, or rather +infallible, demonstration of his eternally bound duty +to the House of Mantua, and all inviolable testimony +of his never to be altered designe, in prosecuting all +the occasions possible to be laid hold on that can in +any manner of way prove conducible to the advancement +of, and contributing to, the readiest means for +improving those advantages that may best promove +the faculties of making all his choice endeavours, +and utmost abilities at all times, effectual to the +long-wished-for furtherance of his most cordial and +endeared service to the serenissime highnesses of +My Lord Duke, Prince, and Dutchess, and of consecrating +with all addicted obsequiousness, and submissive +devotion, his everlasting obedience to the +illustrious shrine of their joynt commands. Then +incontinently addressing himself to the Lords, ladies +and others of that rotonda, (which, for his daigning +to be its inmate, though but for that day, might be +accounted in nothing inferior to the great Colisee of +Rome, or Amphitheater of Neems), with a stately +carriage, and port suitable to so prime a gallant, he +did cast a look on all the corners thereof, so bewitchingly +amiable and magically efficacious as if in his +eys had bin a muster of ten thousand cupids eagerly +striving who should most deeply pierce the hearts of +the spectators with their golden darts. And truly +so it fell out, (that there not being so much as one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span> +arrow shot in vain), all of them did love him, though +not after the same manner, nor for the same end; +for, as the manna of the Arabian desarts is said to +have had in the mouths of the Egyptian Israelites, +the very same tast of the meat they loved best, so +the Princes that were there did mainly cherish him +for his magnanimity and knowledge; his courtliness +and sweet behaviour being that for which chiefly the +noblemen did most respect him; for his pregnancie +of wit, and chivalric in vindicating the honour of +ladies, he was honoured by the knights, and the +esquires and other gentlemen courted him for his +affability and good fellowship; the rich did favour +him for his judgment and ingeniosity; and for his +liberality and munificence he was blessed by the +poor; the old men affected him for his constancie +and wisdome, and the young for his mirth and +gallantry; the scholars were enamoured of him +for his learning and eloquence, and the souldiers for +his integrity and valour; the merchants, for his +upright dealing and honesty, praised and extolled +him, and the artificers for his goodness and +benignity; the chastest lady of that place would +have hugged and imbraced him for his discretion +and ingenuity; whilst for his beauty and comeliness +of person he was, at least in the fervency of their +desires, the paramour of the less continent; he was +dearly beloved of the fair women, because he was +handsome, and of the fairest more dearly, because +he was handsomer: in a word, the affections of the +beholders, (like so many several diameters drawn +from the circumference of their various intents), did +all concenter in the point of his perfection. After +a so considerable insinuation, and gaining of so +much ground upon the hearts of the auditory, (though +in a shorter space then [than] the time of a flash of +lightning), he went on, (as before), in the same thred +of the conclusive part of his discourse, with a resolu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span>tion +not to cut it, till the overabounding passions +of the company, their exorbitant motions and discomposed +gestures, through excess of joy and mirth, +should be all of them quieted, calmed, and pacified, +and every man, woman, and maid there, (according +to their humour), resented in the same integrity they +were at first; which when by the articulatest +elocution of the most significant words, expressive +of the choisest things that fancie could suggest, and, +conforme to the matter's variety, elevating or depressing, +flat or sharply accinating it, with that proportion +of tone that was most consonant with the purpose, +he had attained unto, and by his verbal harmony and +melodious utterance, setled all their distempered +pleasures, and brought their disorderly raised spirits +into their former capsuls, he with a tongue tip't with +silver, after the various diapasons of all his other +expressions, and making of a leg for the spruceness +of its courtsie, of greater decorement to him then +[than] cloth of gold and purple, farewel'd the +companie with a complement of one period so +exquisitely delivered, and so well attended by the +gracefulness of his hand and foot, with the quaint +miniardise of the rest of his body, in the performance +of such ceremonies as are usual at a court-like +departing, that from the theater he had gone into a +lobie, from thence along three spacious chambers, +whence descending a back staire, he past through +a low gallerie which led him to that outer gate, +where a coach with six horses did attend him, before +that magnificent convention of both sexes, (to whom +that room, wherein they all were, seemed in his +absence to be as a body without a soul), had the full +leisure to recollect their spirits, (which, by the neatness +of his so curious a close, were <i>quoquoversedly</i> +scattered with admiration), to advise on the best +expediency how to dispose of themselves for the +future of that [delightful] night."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span></p> +<div class="footnotes"><br /><br /> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_261_264" id="Footnote_261_264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_261_264"><span class="label">[261]</span></a> The College of Navarre was founded by Jeanne of Navarre, +consort of Philippe the Fair, in 1305. Throughout the fourteenth +and fifteenth centuries it was the foremost foundation of the +University of Paris (F. W. S.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_262_265" id="Footnote_262_265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_262_265"><span class="label">[262]</span></a> John Hill Burton points out the somewhat curious fact that, +among the hero's linguistic accomplishments, Gaelic, which must +have been talked at his own door, does not appear.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_263_266" id="Footnote_263_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_263_266"><span class="label">[263]</span></a> In the matter of length this is surely a record sentence.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_264_267" id="Footnote_264_267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_264_267"><span class="label">[264]</span></a> "<i>A bourdon in his hand</i>"—"A musical instrument resembling a +bassoon, in use with pilgrims who visit the body of St James at +Compostella" (Sir John Hawkins).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_265_268" id="Footnote_265_268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_265_268"><span class="label">[265]</span></a> "<i>Honderspondered</i>"—<i>i.e.</i> floundered. Fr. <i>hondrespondres</i> (<i>Rab.</i> +iii. 42)—"hundred-pounders," heavy, burly fellows.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_266_269" id="Footnote_266_269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_266_269"><span class="label">[266]</span></a> "<i>Barber's cithern</i>"—"The instrument now ignorantly called a +guitar. It was formerly part of the furniture of a barber's shop, +and was the amusement of waiting customers" (Sir John +Hawkins).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_267_270" id="Footnote_267_270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_267_270"><span class="label">[267]</span></a> This incident reminds one of the effect produced upon the +lawyers in court when "Pantagruel gave judgment upon the +difference of the two lords." Our readers will remember that it +is the author of the above description who is the translator of the +narrative which tells of that wonderfully satisfactory decision. +"As for the counsellors, and other doctors in the law that were +there present, they were all so ravished with admiration at the +more than humane wisdom of Pantagruel, which they did most +clearly perceive to be in him, by his so accurate decision of this so +difficult and thornie cause, that their spirits, with the extremity of +the rapture, being elevated above the pitch of actuating the organs +of the body, they fell into a trance and sudden extasie, wherein +they stayed for the space of three long houres; and had been so as +yet, in that condition, had not some good people fetched store of +vinegar and rose water to bring them again into their former +sense and understanding, for the which God be praised everywhere. +And so be it." (<i>Rabelais</i>, ii. 13.)</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2> + + +<p> +Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Attitude towards covenant, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Aberdeen Doctors," <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Aberdeen Sasines</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Aberdeen University, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New constitution, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).</span><br /> +<br /> +Abercrombie, Sir Alexander, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Abernethie, Helen, wife of Thomas Urquhart, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Abraham, Patriarch, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Acts of the Parliament of Scotland</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a> (note 3), <a href="#Page_71">71</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_93">93</a> (note), <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (notes).<br /> +<br /> +Adam, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Advancement of Learning</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Ægyptus' sons, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Æquanima, sister of Marcus Coriolanus, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Agamemnon, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ainsworth, W. Harrison, <i>Crichton</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +"<i>Airgiod cagainn</i>" (chewing-money), <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Airlie, Earl of, <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Alcibiades, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Alexander of Macedon, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Allibone, <i>Dictionary</i>, and Urquhart, <a href="#Page_100">101</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Alsop, Captain, treatment of Sir Thomas Urquhart, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Amadis of Gaul</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Anastasius</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_77">77</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Anderson, Gilbert, minister of Cromartie, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- Hugh, <a href="#Page_66">66</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- P. J., <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (notes).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Annals of Banff</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_8">8</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note), <a href="#Page_47">47</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Annand, John, minister of Inverness, and Sir Thomas Urquhart, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Antiquarian Notes</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note), <a href="#Page_69">69</a> <a href="#Page_70">70</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Apprizing</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Arcalaus, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Archimedes, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Arduamurchan, <a href="#Page_136">136</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Ardoch farm, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Argyll, Marquis of, and Covenanters, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ariosto, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hippogriff and Astolfo, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Aristotle, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Organon, Ethics, and Politics</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Arnold, Matthew, standard for judging literature, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Arran, <a href="#Page_136">136</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Arren, Earle of, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Arundel, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Astioremon, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Asymbleta, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Atbara, battle of, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Atropos, 129.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Bacchus, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>;<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">conquers India, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bacon, Lord, Solicitor-General, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On fate of solid and weighty things, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rules for young travellers in <i>Essays, Civil and Moral</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Baddeley, Richard, <a href="#Page_128">128</a> (note), <a href="#Page_149">149</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Badenoch, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Baillie, Robert, <i>Letters</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span>Baldwin, Richard, <a href="#Page_185">185</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Balquholly Castle, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3): now Hatton Castle.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Account of, <a href="#Page_39">39</a> (note 1).</span><br /> +<br /> +Balvenie, battle at, <a href="#Page_77">77</a> (and note 2), <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Banff, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Entry in Court-book of Burgh, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Barclay, Waiter, <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Barclays, <a href="#Page_38">38</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Baron, Dr Robert, <a href="#Page_37">37</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Basagante, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Beaten, Cardinal, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bedell, William, idea of universal language, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Belladrum, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bellay, Jean du, Bishop of Paris, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bellenden, Adam, <a href="#Page_43">43</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Beltistos, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bembo, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Berwick, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Besant, Sir Walter, <a href="#Page_185">185</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Bickerstaffe, Isaac, <a href="#Page_51">51</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Biggar, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Billing, <i>Baronial Antiquities</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Biographia Britannica</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Birkenbog, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Birrell, A., <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Black Island, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_181">181</a> (note 2).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(<i>See</i> also names of subjects.)</span><br /> +<br /> +Boece, Hector, fictions, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Book of Bon Accord</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Bracegirdle, Mrs, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Braughton discovers Sir Thomas Urquhart's MSS., <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Brisena, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Browne, Sir Thomas:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Phraseology, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quoted, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Vulgar Errors</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Browning, Robert, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bruce, James, <a href="#Page_126">126</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +---- King David, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- King Robert, grants Cromartie to Sir Hugh Ross, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bruklay, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Brydges, Sir Egerton, <i>Autobiography</i>;<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Mary de Clifford</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a> (note 1).</span><br /> +<br /> +Bullock, J. M., <i>History of University of Aberdeen</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, <a href="#Page_191">191</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Burnet, quoted, <a href="#Page_82">82</a> (note), <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Burns, Robert, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Burton, John Hill:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On "Aberdeen Doctors" in <i>History of Scotland</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On description of Crichton's feats, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Sir Thomas Urquhart's writings, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Scot Abroad</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Burton, Robert, <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Cæsar, <i>De Bello Gallico</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Caithness, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Calder, Campbell of, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Calendar of Proceedings in Committee for Advances of Moneys-Taxes</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Calvert, Giles, <a href="#Page_176">176</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Cambridge, Earl of, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cant at Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Carberry Tower, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Carlisle, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Carlyle, Thomas:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Oliver Cromwell</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Sartor Resartus</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cartadaque, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Castalia, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cawdor, <a href="#Page_66">66</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Chanonry Castle taken, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Charles <span class="smcap">I.</span>:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Endeavours to force Episcopacy on Scotland, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Execution of, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Letter of Protection to Sir Thomas Urquhart, senior, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Licence to T. York, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On knowledge of law, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Charles <span class="smcap">II.</span>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Crowned, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lands in Scotland, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Charles <span class="smcap">VII.</span>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span>Chatterton, <a href="#Page_152">152</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Chinon, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +"Christianus Presbyteromastix," <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cibber, <i>Apology</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Cicero, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>; <i>De Officiis</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cid, The, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Clan Mackenzie, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Clanmolinespick, <a href="#Page_135">135</a> (and note).<br /> +<br /> +Clanrurie, <a href="#Page_136">136</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Clare, Earl of, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Clare Street, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Clio, <a href="#Page_109">109</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Coleridge, on Rabelais' writings, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br /> +<br /> +College of Navarre, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +"Colophonian Poet," <a href="#Page_109">109</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Colophos, <a href="#Page_109">109</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Commission of General Assembly, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a> (and note 1), <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Constantinople, <a href="#Page_77">77</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Cotgrave, <i>French Dictionary</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cottrel, James, <a href="#Page_149">149</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Court of Session, Decisions of, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Covenant signed, <a href="#Page_47">47</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Covenanting Movement, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Coventry, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Craig, John, <a href="#Page_42">42</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Craigfintray, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note), <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Cratynter, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Craven, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Rev. J. B., <a href="#Page_57">57</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Crawford, Earl of, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Crichton, James (the Admirable), <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note 2).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Age on entering St Andrews, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sketch of, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Appendix ii, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cromartie (Crwmbawchty or Crumbathy), <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Castle, account of, <a href="#Page_17">17</a> (and note 1), 18.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Library, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Put in state of defence, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a> (note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Siege of, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- estate, proprietors of, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Lady Dowager of, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- parish, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Cromwell, Oliver, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a> (note), <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cullicudden, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Culloden, <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Cumberland's, Duke of, headquarters, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Curators, <a href="#Page_5">5</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Danaus' daughters, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dante, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quoted, <a href="#Page_161">161</a> (note).</span><br /> +<br /> +Darioleta, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Darwin, Charles, <a href="#Page_131">131</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>David Copperfield</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_51">51</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_59">59</a> (note), <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Debora, Judge and Prophetess, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Delgatie, Laird of, plunders Balquholly, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Delos, <a href="#Page_119">119</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Demosthenes, <a href="#Page_162">162</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Dickson, David, Professor of Divinity, Glasgow, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_82">82</a> (note), <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Diosa, daughter of Alcibiades, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dis, Father of Wealth, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Don river, <a href="#Page_126">126</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_104">104</a> (and note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Donne, Age on going to Oxford, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dorset, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Douglas, Robert, Moderator of Commission of General Assembly, <a href="#Page_81">81</a> (and note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Dove, Dr, <a href="#Page_114">114</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Duchat, Notes on Rabelais, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Duff, Garden Alexander, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- Isabel Annie, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Dunbar, Battle of, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dunlugas in Alvah, <a href="#Page_47">47</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Edward, King, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Egypt, English peer in, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Elgin, <a href="#Page_4">4</a> (note), <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Elibank, Patrick, Lord, buys Cromartie estate, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span>Eliock, Perthshire, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Elphinstone, Alexander, Lord, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> (and note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- Lady Christian, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Englishman abroad, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Entelechia, Queen, <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Episcopacy in Scotland, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Erasmus, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Eromena, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Errol, Earl of, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Esormon, Prince of Achaia, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Euclid, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Falkirk, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Famongomadan, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Farquhar, Sir Robert of Mounie, and Cromartie creditors, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fergus, King of Scots, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Findlay, Andrew, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Findrassie. (<i>See</i> Lesley, Robert.)<br /> +<br /> +Firth of Cromartie, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +---- of Forth, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fisherie, Barony of, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a> (and note 1), <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Fleetwood, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Florence, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Folengo, T., <i>Macaronea</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Fontenay-le-Comte, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Forbes, Alexander, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +---- Arthur, of Blacktown, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Dr John, <a href="#Page_37">37</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Forestalling, <a href="#Page_15">15</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Fortrose Castle garrisoned, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fountainhall, <i>Decisions</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Fraser, (Colonel) Hugh, of Belladrum, and Rising in North, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- (Sir) James, <a href="#Page_71">71</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +---- Lord, garrisons Towie-Barclay Castle, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Sir William:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Earls of Cromartie</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_3">3</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The Lords Elphinstone</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note), <a href="#Page_13">13</a> (note 3).</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +G. P., <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gardenstoun Papers, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Gargantua, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gathelus, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gaurin (Gowran), Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>General Assembly Commission Records</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a> (note), <a href="#Page_74">74</a> (note), <a href="#Page_75">75</a> (note), <a href="#Page_78">78</a> (note), <a href="#Page_79">79</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_80">80</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Genoa, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gight, Laird of, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gladmon, Captain, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Glasgow, General Assembly in, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Glenkindie, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Glover, George, portraits of Sir Thomas Urquhart, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gonima, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Gonzaga, Vincenzio de, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Goodwin, Captain, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gordon, James, <i>History of Scots Affairs</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a> (notes), <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_132">132</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- (Sir) James, of Lesmoir, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- John, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Granada, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Granger, <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_112">112</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_206">206</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Grimm, <i>Household Tales</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Guild, Dr William, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Thomas Urquhart's account of, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<i>Gulliver's Travels</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Gustavus Adolphus, <a href="#Page_81">81</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Guthrie, James, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Halket, General, <a href="#Page_77">77</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_81">81</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Hatton Castle. (<i>See</i> Balquholly.)<br /> +<br /> +Hamilton, Marquis of, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Berwick, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Harrison, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hawkins, Sir John, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a> (notes).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Life of Johnson</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a> (note).</span><br /> +<br /> +Hazlitt, quoted, <a href="#Page_167">167</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Heine, <i>Das Buch Le Grand</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Henderson at Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Henry <span class="smcap">II.</span>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Henry, Prince, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span>Heraclitus the Obscure, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>(note), <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Herbert of Cherbury, Lord, <i>Autobiography</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Hercules Lybius, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Herd, David, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Highland soldiers in Inverness, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hippocrene, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br /> +<br /> +History of Clan Mackenzie, <a href="#Page_70">70</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>History of Scotland.</i> (<i>See</i> under Burton, J. H.)<br /> +<br /> +<i>History of Scots Affairs.</i> (<i>See</i> Gordon, James.)<br /> +<br /> +Holland, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Holles, Gervase, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +---- John, Earl of Clare, <a href="#Page_51">51</a> (and note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Homer, Birthplace of, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Works, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hope, <i>Anastasius</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>(note).<br /> +<br /> +Horace, <i>Odes</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_134">134</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Houghton, in Nottingham, <a href="#Page_51">51</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Hudibras</i>, Alexander Ross mentioned in, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Huntly, Second Marquis of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Covenanters and, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Family name (Gordon), <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Taken prisoner, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- Third Marquis of, takes Ruthven Castle, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hypermnestra, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Innes, Alexander, <a href="#Page_43">43</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Inverkeithing, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Inverness, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capture of, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fortifications destroyed, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Highland soldiers at, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Sasines</i>, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note 3).</span><br /> +<br /> +Irving, Dr:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Account of Sir Thomas Urquhart leaving Scotland, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Lives of Scottish Writers</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a> (note), <a href="#Page_149">149</a> (note).</span><br /> +<br /> +---- John, of Bruklay, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +J. A., <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.<br /> +<br /> +James <span class="smcap">III.</span>:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Act of, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Grant of Motehill of Cromartie to William Urquhart, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +James <span class="smcap">VI.</span>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Japhet, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jericho, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Joan of Arc, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Johnson, Dr, on—<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Crichton in <i>Adventurer</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a> (note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Traveller in Egypt, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Johnston and Mr Bedell, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Arthur, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Latin Poems, <a href="#Page_57">57</a> (note).</span><br /> +<br /> +Jonson, Ben, <i>Catiline</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jovius, Panlus, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Julius Cæsar, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Ker, General, <a href="#Page_77">77</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Kinbeakie, Stone lintel at, <a href="#Page_137">137</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +King-Edward, Aberdeenshire, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>King's College: Officers and Graduates</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +King's Covenant, Account of, <a href="#Page_42">42</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Kippis, Dr, <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note 2).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Urquhart's pedigree, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<br /> +Kirkhill, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kirkmichael, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Lamb, Charles, <a href="#Page_132">132</a> (note), <a href="#Page_167">167</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Lambert, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Laud, Archbishop, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Leake, William, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Leighton, Archbishop, <a href="#Page_66">66</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Lemlair, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lesley, Lieut.-General David, <a href="#Page_32">32</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">March to England, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Message of encouragement to, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Takes Castle of Chanonry, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- Norman, <a href="#Page_55">55</a> (and note 1).<br /> +<br /> +---- Robert, of Findrassie, <a href="#Page_59">59</a> (note), <a href="#Page_71">71</a> (note 1).<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Conduct towards Sir Thomas Urquhart, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mortgage on Cromartie estate, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- Dr William, Sir Thomas Urquhart's account of, <a href="#Page_12">12</a> (and note 2), <a href="#Page_37">37</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Letters of Junius</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Lives of Eminent Men of Aberdeen</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_126">126</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Lives of Scottish Writers.</i> (<i>See</i> under Irving, Dr.)<br /> +<br /> +Logarithms, <a href="#Page_123">123</a> (and note).<br /> +<br /> +Lowndes, <i>Bibliographer's Manual</i>, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Lucian, <a href="#Page_100">100</a> (note), <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lumphanan, <a href="#Page_3">3</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Lunan, Alexander, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Luther, Martin, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lynceus, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Macaulay, <a href="#Page_174">174</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>History of England</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Macbeth's titles, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Macduff, <a href="#Page_3">3</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Mackenzie. Alexander, <a href="#Page_70">70</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- (Sir) George, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- George, sells estate to Capt. W. Urquhart, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- (Sir) Kenneth, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Thomas, of Pluscardine.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Enters Inverness, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Proclaimed rebel and traitor, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rising in North and, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mackintosh, C. Fraser, (<i>See Antiquarian Notes.</i>)<br /> +<br /> +Macmillans of Knapdale, <a href="#Page_135">135</a> (n.).<br /> +<br /> +Madanfabul, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Madasima, <a href="#Page_114">114</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Madrid, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +M'Farlane, Genealogical Collections, <a href="#Page_16">16</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Maitland, on date of Sir Thomas Urquhart's birth, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mantua, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mantua, Duke of, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a> <i>seqq.</i><br /> +<br /> +Mantuanus, Baptista, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Marischal College, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Marischal, Earl, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Enters Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Martin, Sir Theodore, on—<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Trissotetras</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a> (note).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Unpublished Epigrams of Sir Thomas Urquhart, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Urquhart's account of his misfortunes, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Death, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Translation of Rabelais, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mary Queen of Scots, <a href="#Page_104">104</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Maubert, Place, <a href="#Page_161">161</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Meldrum arms, <a href="#Page_139">139</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Melville, Andrew, assists to remodel University education, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Mercury, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Messina, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Micawber, Wilkins. (<i>See David Copperfield.</i>)<br /> +<br /> +Middleton, General, <a href="#Page_32">32</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joins Mackenzie's force, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- Earl of, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Miller, Hugh, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 2).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Description of Cromartie Castle, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On siege of Cromartie Castle, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On stone lintel at Kinbeakie, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Urquhart's inventive powers, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reference to Sir Alexander Urquhart, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note 3).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(<i>See</i> also <i>Scenes and Legends of North of Scotland</i>.)</span><br /> +<br /> +Milton, John, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Hymn on Nativity</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_201">201</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Paradise Lost</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_201">201</a> (n. 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sonnet to Cromwell, quoted, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Miol, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mitchell, Thomas, minister of Turriff, <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Molinea, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Monboddo, Lord, on dual number, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Montaigne, age on completing collegiate course, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Montrose, Earl of, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Moral Tales</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Moray, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span>Moray Firth, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Morley, <i>Universal Library</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Morrison, <i>Dictionary of Decisions</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Motteux, Pierre A., <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a> (note 2).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Completes Urquhart's Translation of Rabelais, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a> (and note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Urquhart's Translation of Rabelais, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Monat (de Monte Alto) family in Cromartie, <a href="#Page_4">4</a> (and note 1).<br /> +<br /> +---- William, takes part of King Robert Bruce, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mounie, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mucholles, Lord, <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Munro, John, of Lemlair, and rising in North, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Colonel Robert, Mission to Marquis of Huntly, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Nairn, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Napier, John, of Merchiston, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a> (and note 2), <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Naples, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Narfesia, Sovereign of the Amazons, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.<br /> +<br /> +National Covenant, quoted, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Newcastle, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Nicholas Nickleby</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Nicolia, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Nimrod, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Niort, <a href="#Page_204">204</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Nisbet, on Urquhart's property, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>System of Heraldry</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a> (note 1).</span><br /> +<br /> +Noah, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Noctes Ambrosianæ</i> (Blackwood), version of Urquhart's death, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +"Nonconformist Conscience," <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Northumberland, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Nottingham, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Ogilvie, Lord, joins Mackenzie's force, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Old Machar, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Orkneys, <a href="#Page_80">80</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Orpah, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Overton, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ovid, <a href="#Page_195">195</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Metamorphosis</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Ozell, edition of Rabelais, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Padua, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pantagruel, <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note), <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(<i>See</i> also Urquhart, Sir Thomas, Translation of Rabelais.)</span><br /> +<br /> +Panthea, daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Panurge, <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note), <a href="#Page_197">197</a>. (<i>See</i> also Urquhart, Sir Thomas, Translation of Rabelais.)<br /> +<br /> +Pape, Charles, Minister of Cullicudden, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Paris, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Parnassus, Mount, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pegasus, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pembroke, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pentasilea, Queen of the Amazons, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Penuel, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pericles, <a href="#Page_149">149</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Persius, <a href="#Page_8">8</a> (note 2); quoted, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Perth, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Petrarch, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Petric, James, <a href="#Page_8">8</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Pharaoh Amenophis, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Philemon (Philomenes), death of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Pillars of Hercules, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pistol, Ancient, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Pitkerrie, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Plato, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a> (and note).<br /> +<br /> +Pliny, <a href="#Page_52">52</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Pluscardine. (<i>See</i> Mackenzie, Thomas.)<br /> +<br /> +Plutus, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Pococke's <i>Tour</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_103">103</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Pope, Alexander—<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Dunciad</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Rabelais, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Portia, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Portugal founded, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pothina, niece of Lycurgus, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Prott, David, killed at Towie-Barclay, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span>Providence, Rhode Island, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pulteney, Sir William, <a href="#Page_103">103</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Pythagoras, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Queen Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Mary, of England, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Mary, of Scotland, <a href="#Page_104">104</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Queensferry, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Raban, printer, Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_57">57</a> (n.).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Rabelais</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_119">119</a> (note), <a href="#Page_185">185</a> (and note 2), <a href="#Page_192">192</a> (note), <a href="#Page_235">235</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Rabelais, François, sketch of, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Gargantua</i> and <i>Pantagruel</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(<i>See</i> Urquhart, Sir Thomas, Translation of Rabelais.)</span><br /> +<br /> +Raleigh, Sir Walter, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>History of the World</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Raphael, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Reay, Lord, joins Mackenzie's force, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Records of Court of Justiciary</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +<i>Redgauntlet</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Resolis, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Riddell, J., <i>Scotch Peerage Law</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Rising of Cavaliers in North, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Robertson, William, of Kindeasse, Sir Thomas Urquhart's account of, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Rolland, Catharine, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Rome, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ross, Alexander (1), minister in Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_37">37</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +---- Alexander (2), <a href="#Page_126">126</a> (note 1).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Recommends <i>Trissotetras</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Verses, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a> (note).</span><br /> +<br /> +---- George, of Pitkerrie, buys Cromartie estate, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- (Sir) Hugh, owns Cromartie, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- (Major) Walter Charteris, of Cromartie, <a href="#Page_103">103</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- William, Earl of, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Rothes, Earls of, <a href="#Page_55">55</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Rothiemay, Banffshire, <a href="#Page_35">35</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_43">43</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Row, <i>Historie of Kirk of Scotland</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Royalists escape to England, <a href="#Page_43">43</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Ruskin, John, <a href="#Page_173">173</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Rutherford, Samuel, Principal of St Andrews, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ruthven Castle taken by Marquis of Huntly, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +St Andrews, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<br /> +St Hilarion, <a href="#Page_204">204</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +St Jerome, <i>Vita Sancti Hilarionis</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>St Ronan's Well</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Salton, Lord, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Saragossa, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Scenes and Legends of North of Scotland</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_139">139</a> (note), <a href="#Page_141">141</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Scota, daughter of Pharaoh, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Scotch army marches into England, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Scotch Peerage Law.</i> (<i>See</i> Riddell, J.)<br /> +<br /> +Scotchman abroad, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Scotland:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Episcopacy in, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Four armies in, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, (note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mythical history of, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">University education in, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>. (<i>See</i> also Aberdeen University.)</span><br /> +<br /> +Scrogie, Dr Alexander, <a href="#Page_37">37</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_43">43</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Seaforth, George, Earl of, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Seaton, Dr, in Paris, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- John, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- William, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Thomas Urquhart's account of, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Seton, Alexander, of Meldrum, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- arms, <a href="#Page_139">139</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Shafton, Sir Piercie, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare, William:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Henry IV.</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a> (note).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Merchant of Venice</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a> (note).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Twelfth Night</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a> (note).</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Winter's Tale</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Shephard, Jack, <a href="#Page_51">51</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Shrewsbury, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sibbald, Dr James, <a href="#Page_37">37</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Smith, Sidney, "preaching to death by wild curates," <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- W. F., Translation of Rabelais, <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_99">99</a> (note 1), <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Socrates, <a href="#Page_119">119</a> (note), <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sodom and Gomorrha, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Solvatius, King, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Somerled, Lord of the Isles, <a href="#Page_136">136</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +South, <i>Sermons</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Southcote, Joanna, <a href="#Page_179">179</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Southey, <i>Dr Dove</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a> (note), <a href="#Page_178">178</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Spalding, mentions Sir Thomas Urquhart, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Memorials</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a> (note).</span><br /> +<br /> +Spartianus, Ælius, <i>Life of Geta</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Spenser, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Spilsbury, Sir Thomas Urquhart stays with, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stacker, James, <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Steele, Richard, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Stirling, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Strachan, General, <a href="#Page_77">77</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_81">81</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Strafford, Earl of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stralsund, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stratford-on-Avon, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Strathbogie, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Strathearn, Earls of, family name, <a href="#Page_135">135</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Sutherland, Earl of, action against Earls of Crawford, Errol, and Marischal, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- James, "Tutor of Duffus," <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Tamerlane, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tarbat, Viscount, First Earl of Cromartie, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Termuth, daughter of Pharaoh Amenophis, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Thaumast, <a href="#Page_158">158</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +<i>The Lords Elphinstone</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note), <a href="#Page_13">13</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +The Tables and Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Thelema, Abbey of, <a href="#Page_193">193</a> <i>seqq.</i><br /> +<br /> +Thelemites, <a href="#Page_195">195</a> <i>seqq.</i><br /> +<br /> +<i>Through the Looking-Glass</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_114">114</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Thucydides, <a href="#Page_149">149</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Thymelica, daughter of Bacchus, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Toledo, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Torespay, <a href="#Page_77">77</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Tor Wood, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tomlius, Richard, <a href="#Page_176">176</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Towie-Barclay Castle, <a href="#Page_38">38</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +---- laird of, plunders Balquholly, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Tristram Shandy</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_47">47</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Trot of Turriff, <a href="#Page_41">41</a> (and note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Turriff, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Inhabitants subscribe King's Covenant, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Tutor," Meaning of, <a href="#Page_5">5</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Tycheros, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tytler, Patrick F.:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Life of the Admirable Crichton</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Urquhart's Translation of Rabelais, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +University of Aberdeen, New Constitution, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Urquhart, Adam of, owns Cromartie, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Sir Alexander, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Petition for compensation for losses, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Petition for Sheriffship of Cromartie, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- Annas, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- arms, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a> (and note 1).<br /> +<br /> +---- (Major) Beauchamp Colclough, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- Cainotomos, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Euplocamos, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- family, descent of, <a href="#Page_130">130</a> <i>seqq.</i><br /> +<br /> +---- George, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- Helen, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- Henry, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- Hypsegoras, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span>---- Colonel James, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +Urquhart, Jane, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- John, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- Sir John, of Craigfintray, <a href="#Page_100">101</a> (note 2).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hereditary Sheriff of Cromartie, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Death, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<br /> +---- John, of Craigfintray, "the Tutor of Cromartie," <a href="#Page_5">5</a> (and note 1), <a href="#Page_6">6</a> (and note 1), <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (note), <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +---- Jonathan, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Margaret, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +---- Mellessen, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Molin, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Names of Chiefs and Primitive Fathers, Appendix i. <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Names of Mothers of Chiefs, Appendix i. <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- (de Vrquhartt), origin of name, <a href="#Page_4">4</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_132">132</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +---- Pamprosodos, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Phrenedon, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Propetes, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Rodrigo, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- <span class="smcap">Sir Thomas</span> (Urchard, Urquhardus, Wrqhward, Wrwhart), <a href="#Page_132">132</a> (note).<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Account of Aberdeen and eminent men, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Account of Admirable Crichton, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Account of impoverished estates, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ancestry, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Worcester, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Birth, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Birthplace unknown, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Book-hunting, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Characteristics, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a> (and notes 1, 2), <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Conduct of creditors, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Death, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a> (note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Description of his father's character, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Enters University of Aberdeen, <a href="#Page_9">9</a> (and note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Escapes to England, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Foreign Travel, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Knighted, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lesley and, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Liberated on parole, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Literary achievements, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lives at Cromartie—financial difficulties, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Loses ancestral domains and jurisdiction, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">MS. of unpublished Poems quoted, <a href="#Page_5">5</a> (note 2); described, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">MSS. lost after Worcester, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On G. Anderson's preaching, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Papers seized, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Portraits, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Praise of "the Tutor of Cromartie," <a href="#Page_5">5</a> (and note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Prepares MSS. for publication, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Prisoner in the Tower, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Proclaimed rebel and traitor, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Relations with Ministers of Church, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Religious belief, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reminiscence of his youth, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rental, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reply to Commissioners' remonstrances, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Resides in London, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (and note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Returns home, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rising in North and, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Schemes and inventions, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Speed in composition, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Succeeds to estates, 47.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Supplication" for pardon, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Takes up arms for Stuarts, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vanity, <a href="#Page_24">24</a> (note 3).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Works:—</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">ΕΚΣΚΥΒΑΛΑΥΡΟΝ: or, Discovery of a most exquisite Jewel, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Account of, <a href="#Page_148">148</a> <i>seqq.</i> (and note 1).</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 3em;">Description of Admirable Crichton, <a href="#Page_157">157</a> <i>seqq.</i></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">In contemporary politics, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">On fame of Scots in battle, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Quoted, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Epigrams</i>: Divine and Moral, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Account of, <a href="#Page_111">111</a> <i>seqq.</i></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Dedication, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Quoted, <a href="#Page_60">60</a> (note), <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">MS., quoted, <a href="#Page_109">109</a> (note).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Logopandecteision</i>; or, An Introduction to the Universal Language:</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Account of, <a href="#Page_175">175</a> <i>seqq.</i></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Published, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Quoted, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">ΠΑΝΤΟΧΡΟΝΟΧΑΝΟΝ: Peculiar Promptuary of Time, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Account of, <a href="#Page_128">128</a> seqq.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Translation of Rabelais, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Account of, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a> <i>seqq.</i></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Exploits of Pantagruel, <a href="#Page_161">161</a> (note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Genealogy of Pantagruel, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Interpolations, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Panurge, Sketch of, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sketch of Abbey of Thelema, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Various editions, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Trissotetras</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Account of, <a href="#Page_117">117</a> (and note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Unpublished Epigrams, Dedications of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- Thomas, marries Helen Abernethie, their family, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Sir Thomas, senior—<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Action against his sons, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Becomes caution for Alexander Forbes, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Believes in long pedigree, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Death, <a href="#Page_47">47</a> (and note 3).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Desk" or Pew in Banff Church, <a href="#Page_19">19</a> (and note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Episcopalian, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marriage-contract, <a href="#Page_7">7</a> (and note 1).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pecuniary difficulties, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Residence in Banff, <a href="#Page_18">18</a> (and note 2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sketch of, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- (Captain) William, of Meldrum, buys Cromartie estate, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- William, receives grant of Motehill of Cromartie, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Urquharts of Meldrum, <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 3).<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Valerius Maximus, <a href="#Page_100">100</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Venice, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Virgil, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Vocompos, arms of, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Voltaire, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Wallace, Professor of Mathematics, Edinburgh, on <i>Trissotetras</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- William, and William Mouat, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wardlaw MS., <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a> (note).<br /> +<br /> +Warrington Bridge, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Westminster Abbey, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Whibley, Charles, <i>New Review</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Williams, Roger, Missionary to Indians, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a> (note 1).<br /> +<br /> +Williamson, Robert, Minister of Kirkmichael, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Windsor Castle, Sir Thomas Urquhart removed to, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wodrow, quoted, <a href="#Page_81">81</a> (note 2), <a href="#Page_102">102</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Worcester, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Battle of, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +---- Marquis of, <i>Century of the Names and Scantling of ... Inventions</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Worldly Wiseman, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wyntown's <i>Cronykil</i>, quoted, <a href="#Page_3">3</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Yares of Udoll, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.<br /> +<br /> +York, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +---- Thomas, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> (note 2).<br /> +<br /> +Young, James, <a href="#Page_118">118</a> (note).<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span></p> + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2><a name="BY_THE_SAME_AUTHOR" id="BY_THE_SAME_AUTHOR"></a>BY THE SAME AUTHOR.</h2> + +<p class="center">Second Thousand. In Fcap. 8vo, 174 pp. Cloth, 2s. 6d.</p> + + +<h1><i>A Shetland Minister of the +18th Century.</i></h1> + +<p class="center">Being Passages in the Life of the Rev. John Mill.</p> + + +<p class="center">NOTICES OF THE PRESS.</p> + +<p>"We have read this little book with real pleasure, and we wish it +well."—<i>Saturday Review.</i></p> + +<p>"John Mill was a character such as Robert Louis Stevenson would +have rendered immortal, and that Mr. Willcock's well-written sketch +portrays with skill."—<i>Pall Mall Gazette.</i></p> + +<p>"A very remarkable life-history."—<i>New Age.</i></p> + +<p>"A curious phase of Scottish life and character."—<i>Standard.</i></p> + +<p>"A most readable little book."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> + +<p>"It is delightful to receive such a pretty book.... It depicts a +striking and interesting character and phase of life."—<i>British Weekly.</i></p> + +<p>"A readable and interesting life-story."—<i>Literary World.</i></p> + +<p>"The whole volume is very amusing reading."—<i>St. Martin's-le-Grand.</i></p> + +<p>"This is in every way a charming book. 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After much +hard and discriminate labour, he has pieced together by far the best, one might say +the only rational and coherent, account of Wallace that exists."—<i>Speaker.</i></p> + +<p><b>Robert Louis Stevenson.</b> By <span class="smcap">Margaret M. Black</span>.</p> + +<p>"Certainly one of the most charming biographies we have ever come across. +The writer has style, sympathy, distinction, and understanding. We were loth to +put the book aside. 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It +presents the essential facts in a lucid and interesting way."—Mr. <span class="smcap">Herbert +Spencer</span> <i>to the Author</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Andrew Melville.</b> By <span class="smcap">William Morison</span>.</p> + +<p>"The story is well told, and it takes one through a somewhat obscure period +with which it is well to be acquainted. No better guide could be found than Mr. +Morison."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + +<p><b>James Frederick Ferrier.</b> By <span class="smcap">E. S. Haldane</span>.</p> + +<p>"Ferrier the man, and even Ferrier the professor, Miss Haldane brings near to +us, an attractive and interesting figure."—<i>Scotsman.</i></p> + +<p>"This biography of him will be highly esteemed because of the grace and vigour +with which Miss Haldane has done her work. To the 'Famous Scots' series of +volumes there have been many excellent contributions, but not one of them is more +interesting than this latest addition."—<i>Dundee Courier.</i></p> + +<p><b>King Robert the Bruce.</b> By Professor <span class="smcap">Murison</span>.</p> + +<p>"Professor Murison has given us a book for which not only Scots, but every man +who can appreciate a record of great days worthily told, will be grateful."—<i>Morning +Leader.</i></p> + +<p>"The story of Bruce is brilliantly told in clear and flexible language, which +draws the reader on with the interest of a novel. Professor Murison is a most +impartial and thoroughly reliable critic, and may be followed with confidence by all +who desire a truthful and unprejudiced picture of this greatest of the Scots."—<i>Aberdeen +Journal.</i></p> + +<p><b>James Hogg.</b> By Sir <span class="smcap">George Douglas</span>. With Sketches +of Tannahill, Motherwell, and Thom.</p> + + +<p class="center">OLIPHANT ANDERSON & FERRIER,<br /> +30 ST. MARY STREET, EDINBURGH;<br /> +21 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON, E.C.<br /></p> +<p>Transcriber's Notes: Hyphenation has been standardized, for instance, +"footnote" rather than "foot-note". Spelling has not been standardized, +for instance "Lieutenant-General" and "Lieutenant-Generall", or +"falsehood" and "falshood". The period following a royal's roman number +belongs, for instance, "King Charles. is". </p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie, +Knight, by John Willcock + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR THOMAS URQUHART OF CROMARTIE *** + +***** This file should be named 38604-h.htm or 38604-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/6/0/38604/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Hunter Monroe and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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