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diff --git a/38491-0.txt b/38491-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fd3741 --- /dev/null +++ b/38491-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2473 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 98, +September 13, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 98, September 13, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 3, 2012 [EBook #38491] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 13, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ +fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has +been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 98. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + Page + + NOTES:-- + + Madrigals in praise of Queen Elizabeth, by Dr. E. F. + Rimbault 185 + + MS. Notes in a Copy of Liber Sententiarum 188 + + Classification of Literary Difficulties 188 + + Minor Notes:--Meaning of "Ruell"--Curious Facts in + Natural History 189 + + QUERIES:-- + + Papal Bulls, &c. 189 + + Sir Walter Raleigh in Virginia, by Henry H. Breen 190 + + Minor Queries:--Wife of St. Patrick--Meaning of + Mop--William Lovel of Tarent Rawson--Cagots--Execution + under singular Circumstances--Rhynsault and + Sapphira--Mallet's Second Wife--Proverb, what constitutes + one?--Presant Family--The Serpent represented with a human + Head--Dr. Wotton--Κολοβοδάκτυλος --Essex's + Expedition to Ireland--Decretorum Doctor--Grimsdyke or + Grimesditch--Passage in Luther--Linteamina and Surplices 190 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Ellrake or Hellrake--Francis + Clerke--Nine Days' Wonder--Streso--The Willow + Garland--Name of Nun--"M. Lominus, Theologus" 192 + + REPLIES:-- + + Remarks upon some recent Queries, by H. Walter 193 + + Domingo Lomelyne, by W. D'Oyly Bayley 194 + + Petty Cury 194 + + The Dauphin 195 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Visiting Cards--Sardonic + Smiles--Darby and Joan--Marriage of Bishops--Winifreda + --George Chalmers--The Three Estates of the Realm--"You + Friend drink to me Friend"--Broad Halfpenny Down--Horner + Family--The Man of Law--Riddle--Speculative Difficulties + --St. Paul--Commissioners on Officers of Justice in + England--Noble and Workhouse Names--Poulster--Judges + styled Reverend--The Ring Finger 195 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 199 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 199 + + Notices to Correspondents 199 + + Advertisements 200 + + + + +Notes. + + +MADRIGALS IN PRAISE OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. + +At the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, a musical work of an +extraordinary character issued from the press of that industrious +printer Thomas Este, the history of which it will be my endeavour to +elucidate in the present communication. The title-page runs as +follows:-- + + "MADRIGALES. THE TRIUMPHES OF ORIANA, to 5 and 6 voices: composed + by divers severall aucthors. Newly published by Thomas Morley, + Batcheler of Musick, and one of the gentlemen of hir Majesties + honorable Chappell, 1601. In London, Printed by Thomas Este, the + assigne of Thomas Morley. _Cum privilegio Regiæ Majestatis._" + +The dedication is addressed-- + + "To the Right Honorable the Lord Charles Howard, Earle of + Notingham, Baron of Effingham, Knight of the Noble order of the + Garter, Lord High Admirall of England, Ireland, and Wales, &c., + and one of her Majesties most honorable Privie Counsell." + +As all that is known, with _certainty_, of the _origin_ of this work +consists in the title-page and the dedication, I shall make no apology +for quoting the latter at length:-- + + "Right Honorable, + + "I have adventured to dedicate these few discordant tunes to be + censured by the ingenious disposition of your Lordship's Honorable + rare perfection, perswading my selfe, that these labours, composed + by me and others (as in the survey hereof, your Lordship may well + perceive), may not by any meanes passe, without the malignitie of + some malitious _Momus_, whose malice (being as toothsome as the + _adder's_ sting), couched in the progres of a wayfayring man's + passage, might make him retire though almost at his journeyes end. + Two speciall motives have imbouldened me (Right Honorable) in this + my proceeding. First, for that I consider, that as the body cannot + bee without the shadow, so _Homer_ (the Prince of Poets) may not + be without a Zoilist: The second and last is (the most forcible + motive), I know (not onely by report, but also by experiment) your + Lordship to bee not onely _Philomusus_, a lover of the _Muses_, + and of learning; but _Philomathes_, a personage always desirous + (though in all Arts sufficiently skilfull) to come to a more high + perfection or _Summum bonum_. I will not trouble your Lordship + with to to [_sic_] tedious circumstances, onely I humbly intreat + your Lordship (in the name of many) to patronage this work with no + lesse acceptance, then I with a willing and kinde hart dedicate + it. So shall I think the _initium_ of this worke not onely happely + begun, but to bee _finited_ with a more happie period. + + "Your Honour's devoted in all dutie, + + "THOMAS MORELY." + +_The Triumphs of Oriana_ consists of twenty-five madrigals, set by the +most eminent musicians of the day, and edited (as the title-page and +dedication show) by Thomas Morley, a most "rare and cunning musician," +and moreover an especial favourite with the reigning queen, in whose +honour the work is said to have been composed. + +Sir John Hawkins, in his _History of Music_, vol. iii. p. 406., says the +"occasion" of the publication of _The Triumphs of Oriana_ was this: + + "The Lord High Admiral, Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, was + the only person, who, in the last illness of Elizabeth, could + prevail on her to go into and remain in her bed; and with a view + to alleviate her concern for the execution of the Earl of Essex, + he gave for a prize-subject to the poets and musicians of the + time, the beauty and accomplishments of his royal mistress, and by + a liberal reward, excited them severally to the composition of + this work. This supposition is favoured by the circumstance of its + being dedicated to the Earl, and the time of its publication, + which was the very year that Essex was beheaded. There is some + piece of secret history which we have yet to learn, that would + enable us to account for giving the Queen this romantic name; + probably she was fond of it. Camden relates that a Spanish + ambassador had libelled her by the name of _Amadis Oriana_, and + for his insolence was put under a guard." + +Dr. Burney, in his sketch of the Life of Thomas Morley (_General History +of Music_, vol. iii. p. 101.), speaking of this work, says, + + "As Italy gave the ton to the rest of Europe, but particularly to + England, in all the fine arts, during the reign of Queen + Elizabeth, it seems as if the idea of employing all the best + composers in the kingdom to set the songs in _The Triumphs of + Oriana_ to music, in honour of our virgin queen, had been + suggested to Morley and his patron, the Earl of Nottingham, by + Padre Giovenale, afterwards Bishop of Saluzzo, who employed + thirty-seven of the most renowned Italian composers to set + _Canzonetti_ in honour of the Virgin Mary, published under the + following title: _Tempio Armonico della Beatissima Virgine nostra + Signora, fabbricatole per opera del Reverendo P. Giovenale, A. P. + della Congregatione dell' Oratorio. Prima Parte, a tre voci, + Stampata in Roma da Nicola Mutii_, 1599, in 4to." + +That by _Oriana_ is meant Queen Elizabeth, there can be but little +doubt. The appellation surely does not countenance the supposition that +there "must be some secret piece of history" in the case. Queen +Elizabeth, we all know, was a woman of inordinate vanity. Even at the +age of three score and ten she delighted in the names of _Cynthia_, +_Diana_, and such like; and _Oriana_, who was the heroine of the +well-known romance _Amadis de Gaul_, and a lovely and virtuous woman to +boot, could not fail to gratify her. How D'Espes, the Spanish +ambassador, could libel her under the double title of _Amadis Oriana_, +it is difficult to imagine; but so it was, according to Camden (anno +1569). "_Libellos famosos spargit, in quibus Reginæ existimationem +contumeliosè atterit sub nomine Amadis Orianæ._" + +The pretty sounding tale related by Sir John Hawkins, that the work in +question was undertaken with a view to alleviate the grief of the queen +for the death of the Earl of Essex, and that prizes were given by the +Earl of Nottingham for the best composition for that purpose, is +entirely without foundation. Sir John Hawkins gives no authority for his +statement, and I believe it rests entirely upon conjecture. + +_The Triumphs of Oriana_ (as we have seen) was printed at London in the +year 1601. In the same year was published at Antwerp a collection of +madrigals with the following title: _Il Trionfo di Dori, descritto da +diversa, et posti in Musica, da altretranti Autori a Sei Voci, In +Anversa, Appresso Pietro Phalesio_, 1601. From the date of these two +collections, it appears almost impossible that either should have been +an imitation of the other; and yet, by an extraordinary similarity in +point of _style, number, variety of composers, and burthen of the +poetry_, there can be but little doubt such was the case. The point will +be therefore to ascertain if either of these works was printed +previously to this date, 1601. I have no doubt that the _Orianas_ is the +first and only edition of the work. On the other hand, there is good +reason (from a variety of circumstances) to suppose that the copy of _Il +Trionfo di Dori_ with this date will turn out to be the _second_ +edition. + +The poetry (if such it can be called) of the _Orianas_ is a paraphrase +of _Il Trionfo di Dori_. The Italian burden or conclusion is always-- + + "Cantiam Ninfe e Pastori + Viva la bella Dori." + +And the English version: + + "Then sang the shepherds and nymphs of Diana, + Long live faire Oriana." + +Mr. Oliphant, in his collection of poetry entitled _La Musa +Madrigalesca_, is perhaps not far wrong when he says that the rhymes of +the _Orianas_ would "disgrace the veriest tyro in Grub Street;" but, +nevertheless, I have extracted a few specimens, premising that they are +the best I could find among the "twenty-five":-- + + 1. + "Hence! stars, too dim of light; + You dazle but the sight; + You teach to grope by night; + See here the shepherd's star, + Excelling you so far. + Then Phoebus wiped his eies, + And Zephirus cleer'd the skies. + In sweet accented cries, + Then sang the shepherds and nymphs of Diana, + Long live fair Oriana." + + 2. + "All creatures now are merry-minded, + The shepherds' daughters playing, + The nimphes are fa-la-la-ing; + Yond bugle was well-winded. + At Oriana's presence each thing smileth, + The flowres themselves discover, + Birds over her do hover, + Musick the time beguileth. + See where she comes, with flow'ry garlands crowned; + Queene of all Queenes renowned: + Then sang the shepherds and nymphs of Diana, + Long live faire Oriana." + + 3. + "Thus _Bonny-bootes_ the birthday celebrated + Of hir his Lady dearest; + Fair Oriana, which to his hart was neerest. + The nymphs and shepherds feasted + With clowted creame, and to sing were requested. + Loe! here the fair, created + (Quoth he) the world's chiefe goddesse. + Sing then, for she is _Bonny-bootes'_ sweet mistres. + Then sang the shepherds and nymphs of Diana, + Long live faire Oriana." + + 4. + "Come blessed bird! and with thy sugred rellish, + Help our declining quire not to embellish; + For _Bonny-bootes_ that so aloft would fetch it, + Oh! he is dead, and none of us can reach it! + Then tune to us, sweet bird, thy shrill recorder, + And I, Elpin and Dorus, + For fault of better, will serve in the chorus. + Begin; and we will follow thee in order. + Then sang the wood-born minstrel of Diana, + Long live faire Oriana." + +Now a question arises, who was the _Bonny-boots_ mentioned in the two +last-quoted madrigals? + +Sir John Hawkins has the following hypothesis: + + "Bonny-boots seems to be a nick-name for some famous singer, who, + because of his excellent voice, or for some other reason, had the + permission to call the queen his lady. Possibly the person meant + might be one Mr. Hale, of whom mention is made by Sir William + Segar, in his account of a solemn tilt, or exercise of arms, held + in the year 1590 before Queen Elizabeth, in the Tiltyard at + Westminster, with emblematical representations and music, in which + the above-mentioned Mr. Hale performed a part, by singing a song, + &c. Sir William Segar also says of this person, that he was her + majesty's servant, a gentleman in that art excellent, and for his + voice both commendable and admirable."--_Hist. of Music_, vol. + iii. p. 406. + +Some gallant, high in favour with the Lady Oriana (Queen Elizabeth), is +evidently alluded to in these madrigals; but I cannot agree with Sir +John Hawkins, that a public singer like Mr. Hale would be permitted "to +call the queen his lady." The idea is too absurd for a moment's +consideration. Another conjecture is, that the individual designated +_Bonny-boots_ was the Earl of Essex; but I shall here quote two extracts +from a curious and rare work published by Thomas Morley in 1597, and +entitled "_Canzonets, or Little Short Aers to Five and Six Voices_: +Printed by Peter Short," &c.:-- + + 1. + "Fly love, that art so sprightly, + To _Bonny-boots_ uprightly; + And when in Heav'n you meet him, + Say that I kindly greet him; + And that his Oriana, + True widow maid still followeth Diana." + + 2. + "Our _Bonny-boots_ could toot it, yea and foot it; + Say lusty lads, who now shall bonny-boot it? + Who but the jolly shepherd, bonny Dorus? + He now must lead the Morris dance before us." + +The conjecture that _Bonny-boots_ was the Earl of Essex at once falls to +the ground; for he was not beheaded till 1601, and the title-page of +Morley's _Canzonets_ bears date 1597. + +That some conceit relative to the Lady Oriana existed long before the +appearance of _The Triumphs_, is evident. Although the latter work was +not published till the year 1601, yet in 1597 the idea had been acted +upon by Nicholas Yonge in his _Second Book of Musica Transalpina_; for +therein is the well-known madrigal by Giovanni Croce from _Il Trionfo di +Dori_, adapted to the English words, "Hard by a crystal fountain," and +ending with the burden, "Long live fair Oriana." Dr. Burney (_Hist. of +Music_, vol. iii. p. 124.) says, that according to Hearne, a madrigal +beginning with these words used annually to be sung by the fellows of +the New College, Oxon, but he was unable to find it. Other madrigals in +praise of Oriana may be found in Bateson's _First Set of Madrigales_, +1604; Pilkington's _First Set of Madrigales_, 1613; and in Vautor's +_First Set of Songes_, 1619. + +The publication of madrigals in praise of Queen Elizabeth, after her +death, may be easily accounted for. They were (it is evident upon +examination) originally composed with the others, but sent too late for +insertion in the set; after which their respective composers had no +opportunity of publishing them until the dates above given. + +The conclusion then I arrive at is this, that _Il Trionfo di Dori_ was +printed in Italy (most probably at Rome) between the years 1588 and +1597; that N. Yonge procured a copy of it from thence (as may be +inferred from his Preface), and from it published Croce's madrigal. This +copy was most probably seen by Thomas Morley, and gave him the idea of +his _Triumphs of Oriana_. Morley was at this time an especial favourite +with the queen, who had recently rewarded him with "a faire gold +chaine." An offering then like the _Orianas_ could not fail of being +acceptable to the vanity of Elizabeth, who, even at the age of +sixty-eight, was extremely susceptible of flattery--especially when +directed towards her person. It doubtless had the desired effect, and +secured for Morley the patronage of the queen and the principal +nobility. The publication of this work is thus easily explained without +the intervention of any "secret piece of history." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + +MS. NOTES IN A COPY OF LIBER SENTENTIARUM. + +As MS. notes in old books have been regarded as fit matter for this +journal, I would contribute two or three from a copy of Peter Lombard's +_Book of Sentences_, printed at Vienna in 1477. This has not only passed +through divers hands before it came into mine, but several previous +owners have left their names in it, and one of them very numerous +marginal comments. Of these the earliest appears to have been Thomas +Wallwell or T. Swallwell, a monk of Durham, who, from the handwriting, +which is of the fifteenth century, I conclude was the marginal +commentator. He has availed himself of the "Laus Deo" below the colophon +to add "q' Ts. Wallwell monachus ecclesiæ cathedralis Dunelmensis." The +words are abbreviated, but I have given them at length except the first, +which, instead of being a _q_, with a comma, is a _q_ with an oblique +line through it, that I thought might baffle the printer. The comments +are very scholastic, and such as would then have been considered much to +the purpose. It is possible some reader of this journal may be able to +supply information respecting this erudite monk. + +The next owner, judging by the handwriting, which seems little, if at +all, later than 1500, has thus recorded his ownership on the blank side +of the last leaf: + + "Istius libri verus est possessor dominus Stephanus Merleye." + +He was probably a priest, but I have discovered no annotations by him; +though, as there is scarcely a page without writing on it, there may be +some. + +However, the note to which I would more particularly invite attention is +at the top of the first page, and in the handwriting, I think, of the +above-mentioned monk. It is in abbreviated Latin, but read in extenso it +runs thus: + + "Sententiæ Petri Lumbardi fratris Graciani qui decretum + compilavit, et etiam Petri Comestoris, qui scholasticam historiam + edidit et alia. Iste Petrus Lumbardus fecit istud opus, edidit + glossas psalterii et Epistolarum et plura alia. Fuit etiam + episcopus Parisiensis. Isti tres fratres uterini erant, et + floruerunt anno salutis 1154, qui fuit annus ab origine mundi + 6353." + +Over the word Graciani is interlined "monachi" in the same hand. In this +statement two things are remarkable:--1. The allegation that these three +well-known writers of the twelfth century were uterine brothers. 2. The +mundane era. The former is hardly reconcileable with the generally +received account of them, but it is not altogether new. Cave, writing of +Gratian, adverts to a story of their having been brothers in the +following words: + + "Non desunt plurimi qui Gratianum, Petri Lombardi, Petrique + Comestoris germanum fuisse volunt, matremque tergeminos hos + fratres ex furtivo concubitu conceptos uno partu edidisse, quod + quidem nullo satis gravis autoris testimonio + fulcitur."--_Scriptores Eccl._, vol. ii. p. 216. + +I am not going to advocate this story, for it is most likely false; and +the monk's statement may not be correct; but as it is less improbable, +it may be worth recording. Peter Lombard died in 1164. Gratian completed +the Decretum about 1151, and probably survived some years, but I have +not met with the date of his death. Peter Comestor died in 1198. They +may therefore have all been contemporaries, though the last must have +lived to a good old age, unless he were considerably younger than the +others. + +With regard to the mundane era by which the writer computed, it will be +found to differ materially, not only from that now in common use among +ourselves, but also from all that are mentioned by Sir H. Nicolas in his +_Chronology of History_; for it assumes the Nativity to have occurred in +the year of the world 5199. This, however, agrees with what appears to +have been recognised as the era of the creation by the western churches +from about the beginning of the fifth century (see De Vaine's +_Dictionnaire Raisonné de Diplomatique_, voce _Comput_), though from +some cause it seems to have been almost overlooked by modern writers in +this country. + +I have not attempted to explain the "_q̵_" before Ts. Wallwell. It may +have meant "quoth," or "quæsit;" but I am not satisfied with anything +that has occurred to me. It stands thus: + + "_Laus Deo. q̵_, T_s_Wallwell + Mo'cs ecc̄le cathedralis dunełm." + +"Ts." for Thomas is not usual, but those are clearly the letters: I have +tried to read the "_s_" (which may have been meant for a capital) with +the surname, but Swallwell is a stranger cognomen than that I have +attributed to the monk. Some correspondent conversant with Durham may +possibly recognise the name in one of its forms. + + W. S. W. + + Temple. + + +CLASSIFICATION OF LITERARY DIFFICULTIES. + +Whatever may be the utility of your publication as a source of +information to individuals, each on his own point of difficulty, there +is a purpose, and one of its greatest ultimate purposes, which it must +one day answer, though not immediately--I mean the furnishing of +materials for general conclusions on the _difficulties of literature_. +The queries which are sent to you are those which an author must put to +himself in his closet; the manner in which others help him shows the +manner in which he ought, if he could, to help himself. Occasionally, +the querist betrays a want of power to reduce his own difficulty to its +proper category; occasionally, also, the respondent fails to grapple +with the real point. All this is instructive, and reconciles those who +are instructed by it to the presence of many things which seem trivial +or out of place to those who do not consider the nature of the whole +undertaking. But the instruction I speak of will be much augmented in +quantity and elevated in character, if ever the time should come when +the mass of materials collected finds an architect to arrange it. The +classification of the obstacles which an inquirer meets with, so treated +as to give a view of the _causes_ of difficulty as they arise, both from +the state of our books, and of our modes of using them, must surely one +day suggest itself as a practicable result of the "NOTES AND QUERIES." +The more this result is insisted on the more likely is it to be +realised; and though it may need twenty volumes of the work to be +completed, or even more, before anything can be done, the mere +suggestion may induce some of your readers to keep an eye upon your +pages with a view to something beyond current matter. + + M. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Meaning of "Ruell."_--In the "Rhime of Sir Thopas" Chaucer says: + + "His sadell was of _ruell_ bone + His bridle as the sun yshone," &c. + +Translated by Z. A. Z.: + + "His saddle was of jit black bone." + + Whitaker and Co. London, 1841. + +Tyrwhitt says: + + "His sadel was of _rewel_ bone." + +What kind of material this was, I profess myself quite ignorant. + + "In the _Turnament of Tottenham_, ver. 75. (_Anc. Poet._, vol. ii. + p. 18.), Tibbe is introduced with 'a garland on her head full of + _ruell_ bones.' The derivation in Gloss. Urr. of this word from + the French _riolé_, diversely coloured, has not the least + probability. The other, which deduces it from the French + _rouelle_, _rotula_, the whirl-bone or knee-pan, is more + plausible; though, as the glossarist observes, that sense will + hardly suit here."--Chaucer, by Thomas Tyrwhitt, Esq. Pickering: + London, 1830. + + "His saddle was of _ruel_ bone." + + Chaucer, by Thomas Speght. + London, 1687. + +And its Glossary says: + + "RUELL BONE, _f._ of the French word _riolé_, that is, diversely + colored: an Antistæcon in many words derived from another + language; as, in _Law_ from _Loy_, and _Roy_ from _Rex_." + +So far the printed attempts at explaining this term _ruell_. May I +submit for the consideration of your readers, that it is related to the +French adjective _rouillé_, rusty; used by Molière in the form +_enrouillé_. Evidently this has affinity to _ruber_, _rouge_, and _red_. +So that Tibbe's garland would be of tortoise-shell combs: and the saddle +would be of a similar nature. + +_La Ryole_ is found as the name of the tenement occupied by Thomas le +Bat (temp. Ed. III.?) Was this the sign of "The Comb," which is so often +seen in the windows of our present shops? + + J. W. P. + +_Curious Facts in Natural History_ (Vol. iii., pp. 166, 398.).--In St. +Lucia a coleopterous insect is found with a small plant growing directly +from the back. I have myself seen it; but the plant consisted merely of +the first two leaflets. + + E. H. B. + + Demerary. + + + + +Queries. + + +PAPAL BULLS, ETC. + +A correspondent (S. P. H. T.) inquires, 1. Has there been any authorised +collection of Papal Bulls, Breves, Encyclical Letters, &c., published +since the beginning of the present century? + +2. If not, has there been any authorised list of those addressed to the +Roman Catholic Church in England or Ireland? + +3. What bulls have, during the last century, been published against +Bible Societies, &c., and where will I find _authorised_ copies of them, +more particularly those of Pope Pius VII., bearing date 29th June, 1816, +and directed to the Primate of Poland; that of 18th September, 1819, +against the circulation of the Scriptures in the Irish Schools; that of +Leo XII., dated 3rd May, 1824, directed to the Irish clergy, which last +is the latest I am acquainted with? + +4. What authority is there for using the "Form of receiving Converts +from the Church of Rome," as published by the British Reformation +Society? Does it occur in _any_ edition of the Book of Common Prayer? + +5. What authority is there for the occasional services of 5th November, +30th January, 29th May, and 20th June? Some of these are, I am aware, +specially directed by act of parliament; but the point upon which I wish +to obtain information is, what the precise amount of obligation is that +exists on the officiating minister to use or neglect the services in the +absence of any specific directions on the matter from his Ordinary? + +6. What authority is there for the use of the Gloria immediately after +the minister's announcing the Gospel. No rubric _now_ appears to +recognise it? + +7. At what period did the practice of playing "a voluntary" upon the +organ during the collection of the alms originate? And what is the +earliest record of the alms being collected after the communion service +and before the sermon, and not after the prayer for the Church Militant? + + S. P. H. T. + + [The Editor will be happy to insert a reply pointing out sources + of information. It is obvious that this is all which the limits of + the work and the claims of other correspondents and readers will + allow, when questions are proposed which contain many, and some of + them difficult and disputed, points.] + + +SIR WALTER RALEIGH IN VIRGINIA. + +I remember having read, some time ago, a statement in the public prints, +to the effect that the popular belief, as to Sir Walter Raleigh having +visited Virginia, was unfounded: the fact being, that he had projected +such a voyage, and that the vessels equipped by him for that purpose had +actually reached that country; but that the illustrious voyager himself +was prevented by some circumstance from conducting the expedition. This +statement seemed to have been elicited by one of the subjects proposed +for the decorations of the new Houses of Parliament, namely, "Sir Walter +Raleigh landing in Virginia," and the idea was exploded with so much +assurance that I had ceased to give it any credence. I find, however, in +Hallam's _Literature of Europe_, 2nd edition, vol. iii. p. 179., that +the fact of Sir Walter's having been in Virginia is relied upon by that +historian, in the following passage: + + "Harriott, the companion of Sir Walter Raleigh in Virginia, and + the friend of the Earl of Northumberland, in whose house he spent + the latter part of his life, was destined to make the last great + discovery in the pure science of algebra." + +Are there any data to support Mr. Hallam's opinion? Such is his general +accuracy, that few would be disposed to question any statement +deliberately put forward by him. In this instance, however, he may have +adopted, without inquiry, the tradition which has been current for the +last two hundred and fifty years. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, July, 1851. + + +Minor Queries. + +134. _Wife of St. Patrick._--Will some one of your Irish contributors +inform me when the 18th of March began to be celebrated in honour of S. +Sheelagh, and the ground on which it is asserted that she was the wife +of St. Patrick? I cannot find that St. Patrick was married; I am aware, +however, that the silence of the usual authorities goes but a little way +to disprove the popular tradition, as in days when women were but +beginning to assume their present equable station, the mention of a wife +at any time would be only casual. + + W. DN. + +135. _Meaning of Mop._--In the midland counties, servants are hired by +the year in the following manner. On the several Tuesdays about +Michaelmas, all who wish for engagements collect together at the +different towns and villages, whither the masters resort for the purpose +of hiring them. Those meetings which occur previous to Michaelmas day +are called _statute-fairs_, while those which take place after that day +are termed _mops_. Query, What is the derivation of this word? I have +been told that the later assemblies are so called because they consist +of the inferior servants who were not engaged before,--such as use a +_mop_ instead of sweeping clean and scouring. A friend conjectures that +the name implies "an indiscriminate _mopping-up_ of all sorts, the +greater number of servants having gone before, and there being only a +few left." I have no book to which I can refer for information on this +subject. + + J. H. C. + + Adelaide, South Australia. + +136. _William Lovel of Tarent Rawson._--In Hutchins's _Dorset_, vol. i. +p. 91., is a pedigree of _Lovel_ of Tarrant Rawson carried back to the +later years of Hen. VII. In that genealogy the first person is described +as _William Lovel_ of Tarent Rawson, alias "_Antiocheston_." Under what +circumstances did he come by this cognomen? Was he connected with any +branch of the house of Yvery, and in what manner? + +The arms are Barry nebulé of six O. and G., quartering 2. Arg. a +cheveron G. between three ermines; 3. Erm. a cheveron sab.; 4. Erm. on a +chief indented G. three ducks A. + +Crest: a fox az. bezanté collared with a coronet O. + + AMANUENSIS. + +137. _Cagots._--Can any of your readers give me any information about +the Cagots in the south of France, whose history has been written by +Mons. Michel, in a work entitled _Sur les Races Maudits_? There seems to +be great doubt about their origin; are they remnants either of the +Saracens or the Paulicians? They still, I am told, exist in the deep +Pyrenean vallies, and are a most degraded race. Is there any analogy +between them and the Cretins of the Alps, with the difference, that in +the Alps Cretinism is regarded with kindness, in the Pyrenees with +scorn? If so, does this point to the existence of a Celtic and +non-Celtic element in the races inhabiting the respective mountain +chains? idiotcy being reverenced especially among the Celtic races. +Then, as before the first French revolution, the Cagots had a +particular place and door set apart for them in the churches. Does not +this look like their being Paulicians forced into orthodoxy, or equally, +perhaps, Saracen Christians, similar to the Jew Christians of Spain? + + RUSTICUS. + +138. _Execution under singular Circumstances._--I have read somewhere, +but failed to "make a note of it" at the time, an anecdote of a singular +occurrence at Winchester, to the following effect. + +Some years ago a man was apprehended near ----, in Hampshire, charged +with a capital offence (sheep-stealing I believe). After being examined +before a justice of the peace, he was committed to the county gaol at +Winchester for trial at the ensuing assizes. The evidence against the +man was too strong to admit of any doubt of his guilt; he was +consequently convicted, and sentence of death (rigidly enforced for this +crime at the period alluded to) pronounced. Months and years passed +away, but no warrant for his execution arrived. In the interval a marked +improvement in the man's conduct and bearing became apparent. His +natural abilities were good, his temper mild, and his general desire to +please attracted the attention and engaged the confidence of the +governor of the prison, who at length employed him as a domestic +servant; and such was his reliance on his integrity, that he even +employed him in executing commissions not only in the city, but to +places at a great distance from it. After a considerable lapse of time, +however, the awful instrument, which had been inadvertently concealed +among other papers, was discovered, and at once forwarded to the high +sheriff, and by the proper authority to the unfortunate delinquent +himself. My purpose is brief relation only; suffice it to say the +unhappy man is stated under these affecting circumstances to have +suffered the last penalty of the law. + +Query, Can any of your readers inform me if this extraordinary story is +founded on fact? + + M. W. B. + +139. _Rhynsault and Sapphira._--Whence did Steele derive the story of +these personages in the _Spectator_ (No. 491.)? A similar story is told +by Jeremy Taylor, from John Chokier (_Duct. Dubit._, book iii. chap. ii. +rule 5. quæst. 3.); and that of Colonel Kyrke furnishes another +parallel. + + A TR. + +140. _Mallet's Second Wife._--I should be glad to know in what year the +second wife of Mallet died. It is stated that he returned from abroad +shortly before his death, without his wife. + + F. + +141. _Proverb, what constitutes one?_--What distinguishes a proverb, and +is essential to its being such, as distinct from a short familiar +sentence? + + QUERE. + +142. _Presant Family._--Any information respecting the ancient family of +Presant, which is now nearly extinct, will oblige + + SYLLA. + +143. _The Serpent represented with a human Head._--Is Raphael the only +painter who depicts the serpent with a _human_ head tempting Eve? and +what is the origin of the legend? + + G. CREED. + +144. _Dr. Wotton._--Is there any genealogical connexion between Sir +Henry Wotton, the Venetian ambassador, and the Rev. Henry Wotton of +Suffolk, father of the eminent Dr. William Wotton? And where is the +pedigree to be found? + + S. W. RIX. + + Beccles. + +145. _Κολοβοδάκτυλος._--In the seventh book of Origen's +_Philosophumena_, chap. xxx., speaking of Marcion, the writer says: + + "When therefore Marcion, or any of his currish followers, barks at + the Demiurgus, bringing forward these arguments about the + opposition of good and evil, they must be told that neither the + Apostle Paul, nor Mark ὁ κολοβοδάκτυλος (_i.e._ the + stump-fingered), promulgated any such doctrines; for nothing of + the kind is found written in the Gospel according to Mark." + +Is this epithet of Mark the Evangelist mentioned by any other of the +fathers, or is it known how it originated? It is also to be remarked +that Luke, not Mark, according to the received opinion, was the +evangelist whose authority Marcion admitted, and whose text he tampered +with to suit his own views. Is Origen supported in his account of the +matter by any other writer? + + C. W. G. + +146. _Essex's Expedition to Ireland._--It is a matter of history that +the celebrated Earl of Essex in Queen Elizabeth's time left London in +March 1599, in command of a great expedition against Ireland, +accompanied by a numerous train of nobility and gentry and other +retainers. + +At what office and to what quarter is one to apply for the purpose of +discovering the _Muster Roll_ made upon that occasion? There must be +some documents, bills, letters, &c., relating to that expedition, the +object of the querist being to ascertain whether his own name, +"Jackson," can be found in any of these documents, as he has reason to +think that any ancestor of his was one of the battle-axe guards in +Dublin at that period. + + J. + +147. _Decretorum Doctor._--Is this title given at either of our +universities? And what is its precise meaning? It not uncommonly occurs +in the documents of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and that it +is not the same as Doctor of Laws may be concluded from the following +examples:--The publication of a Pope's Bull by the Bishop of London, in +the chapel of his palace in London on May 16, 1503, is stated to have +been made "Præsentibus tunc ibidem, Venerabilibus viris, Willielmo +Mors, et Johanne Younge, _Legum_, et Thoma Wodyngton, _Decretorum_, +Doctoribus, Testibus," &c. (_Rymer_, xiii. 61.) And in Wood's _Athen._, +1845 (ii. 728.), we find the same "Tho. Wodynton, decr. doctor," +collated to the church of St Mary le Bow, on the resignation of the same +"Joh'is Yonge, LL.D." on May 3, 1514. + + Φ. + +148. _Grimsdyke or Grimesditch._--If you do not deem the following Query +too trifling for your most invaluable publication, I should be much +obliged if you would insert it, in hopes some of your antiquarian +correspondents may find something to say on the point. + +From near Great Berkhampstead, Hants, to Bradenham, Bucks, about fifteen +miles (I write from memory), runs a vallum or ditch, called Grimsdyke, +Grimesditch, or the Devil's Dyke: it is of considerable boldness of +profile, being in some places twelve or fourteen feet from the crest of +the parapet to the bottom of the ditch; it keeps within two miles of the +crest of the Chiltern Hills, and is passingly mentioned in Lipscombe's +_History of Bucks_, and in the commencement of Clutterbuck's _History of +Hertfordshire_. Are there other earthworks of the same name (Grimsdyke) +in England; and what was their former use? This one in question, from +its total want of flank defence, could hardly hold an enemy in check for +long; nor does it seem to have been a military way connecting detached +forts, as, though there are earthworks (camps) on either side, it seems +to hold a tolerably straight course independent of them. And, lastly, +about the etymology of the word:--I find, in Bosworth's _Anglo-Saxon +Dictionary_, among a host of other meanings: + + "GRIMA, ghost, phantom, witch, hag." + +I may mention that there is the tradition about the dyke, common to most +works of the sort, that it was "done by the Devil in a night." + + NAUTICUS. + + H.M.S. Phaiton, Lisbon, Aug 25. + +149. _Passage in Luther._--In Luther's _Responsio ad librum Ambrosii +Catharini_, where he attacks the confessional, he says: + + "Cogit etiam papa peccata suarum legum confiteri--ad hæc tot + peccatorum differentiis, speciebus, generibus, _filiabus_, + _nepotibus_, _ramis_, circumstantiis," &c. + +Were these expressions merely jocular, or have any papal canonists or +casuists given the title of _filiæ_, _nepotes_ or _rami_ to offences +deducible from the same root? + + H. W. + +150. _Linteamina and Surplices._--What is the meaning of _linteamina_ to +be met with in the writings of ecclesiologists of a past age, and in the +canonists? + +At what date did the surplice first become an ecclesiastical vestment, +and what are the differences discernible in the surplices of the Greek, +Latin, and English churches? + + J. Y. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Ellrake or Hellrake._--Can you kindly give me any information +respecting the word _ell-rake_ or _hell-rake_ (for I know not which it +is), an agricultural implement in frequent use? It is not alluded to in +Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, 1818. + + VASHTI. + + [In Shropshire an _ell-rake_ means a large rake: an _ellock-rake_, + a small rake used for breaking up ant-hills.] + +_Francis Clerke._--I have now before me a MS. in small folio on paper, +pp. 225., besides index, entitled-- + + "Pro Curatorium ac Modus postulandi in Curijs et Causis + ecclesiasticis Auct'at'e reverendissimi in Christi patris ac + D̅mi D̅mi Johannis providentia Divina Cantuariensis + Archiepiscopi, totius Anglie Prima'ts et Metropolitani Londoni + celebrā que communiter Curie de Arcubus appellantur. Per + Franciscum Clerke, Alme Curie de Arcubus procuren' collecta et + edita." + +Who was Francis Clerke; and was this collection ever published, and +when? + + S. P. H. T. + + [Francis Clerke for about forty years practised the civil law in + the Court of Arches, Admiralty, Audience, Prerogative, and + Consistorial of the Bishop of London. In 1594, the Oxford + University conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law. + His principal work, entitled _Praxis curiæ Admiralitatis Angliæ_, + passed through several editions. A short notice of the author will + be found in Wood's _Athenæ_, i. 657. (Bliss), and a list of his + other works in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_.] + +_Nine Days' Wonder._--Did any particular circumstance give rise to the +saying, "A nine days' wonder?" + + W. R. M. + + [Most probably Kemp's _Nine Daies Wonder_, performed in a Morrice + Daunce from London to Norwich, wherein euery dayes iourney is + pleasantly set downe, to satisfie his friends the truth against + all lying ballad-makers; what he did, how he was welcome, and by + whome entertained.--This very curious tract has been reprinted by + the Camden Society.] + +_Streso._--In a book by Cradock on the Lives of the Apostles, published +in 1641, I find many extracts and quotations in Latin from Streso in +_Pref. de Vit. Apostolorum_. As I cannot find out or hear of such an +author or book of Streso, could you inform one who he was? + + LINCOLNIENSIS. + + [The work is in the Bodleian Library: "Streso (Casp.), Anhaltinus, + _Commentarius practicus in Actorum Apostolicorum per Lucam + Evangelistam descriptorum capita priora sedecim_. 4to. Amst. + 1650." The same library contains five other works by this author.] + +_The Willow Garland._--In the Third Part of _King Henry VI._ (Act III. +Sc. 3.), the Lady Bona sends this message to King Edward, uttered, as +the messenger afterwards reports to him, "with mild disdain:" + + "Tell him, in hope he'll prove a widower shortly, + I'll wear the willow garland for his sake." + +As I find no note upon the willow garland in any edition of Shakspeare +to which I have access, I should be obliged by having its meaning +explained in your columns. + + ARUN. + + [The willow is considered as the emblem of despairing love, and is + often associated with the yew and the cypress in the churchyard: + hence, a garland made of the boughs of the willow was said to be + worn by forlorn lovers. In _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act II. Sc. + 1., Benedick says,--"I offered him my company to a willow-tree, + either to make him a garland, as being forsaken, or to bind him up + a rod, as being worthy to be whipped."] + +_Name of Nun._--Can any of your readers inform me on what principle it +is that the name of Nun (ןוּכ), the father of Joshua, is expressed +in the Septuagint by ναυῆ? I cannot help regarding the +substitution of αυῆ for ןוּ as a very singular +circumstance, more especially as it seems impossible to account for it +by the conjecture that כ had been mistaken by the LXX for any +letter that would be likely to be represented in Greek by ῆ. +There are but few proper names in the Hebrew Scriptures that terminate +in ןוּ; and the way in which these are expressed in the Septuagint +affords, I believe, no analogy to the above case. + + QUIDAM. + + Gillingham. + + [The explanation usually given, after Gesenius, is that early + copyists mistook ΝΑΥΝ for ΝΑΥΗ; and as some MSS. + have Ναβί and Ναβή, it is supposed that later + copyists thought that it was the the Hebrew איבכ.] + +"_M. Lominus, Theologus._"--Is there any printed account of this divine, +or of a work on the Pelagian and Manichæan heresies which he published +at Ghent in 1675? + + S. W. RIX. + + Beccles. + + [The Bodleian Library contains a work by M. Lominus, entitled, + _Blakloanæ Hæresis Historia et Confutatio_. 4to. Gandavi, 1675.] + + + + +Replies. + + +REMARKS UPON SOME RECENT QUERIES. + +1. Without wishing to protract the discussion about _eisell_, let me +tell the correspondent who questioned whether wormwood could be an +ingredient in any palatable drink, that _crême d'absinthe_ ordinarily +appears with noyau, &c. in a Parisian restaurateur's list of luxurious +cordials. Whilst that _eisell_ was equivalent to wormwood is confirmed +by its being joined with gall, in a page of Queen Elizabeth's book of +prayers, which caught my eye in one of those presses in the library of +the British Museum, where various literary curiosities are now so +judiciously arranged, and laid open for public inspection. + +2. As a decisive affirmation of what _rack_ meant, where the word was +the derivative of the Saxon pecan, your correspondents may accept the +following from our martyr, Frith's, _Revelation of Antichrist_. He +renders the second clause of 2 Peter ii. 17., "And racks carried about +of a tempest;" and he immediately adds, "Racks are like clouds, but they +give no rain." + +3. In answer to MR. BREEN'S inquiry where there is any evidence from the +writings of Gregory I., that he could be so shameless as to panegyrise +that female monster Queen Brunéhaut, he may read some of that Pope's +flattering language in his letter addressed to her on behalf of that +Augustine whom he sent to England, as contained in Spelman's _Concilia_. +Epist. xvii. (_Brunichildæ, Reginæ Francorum_) begins as follows: + + "Gratias omnipotenti Deo referimus, qui inter cætera pietatis suæ + dona, quæ excellentiæ vestræ largitus est, _ita vos amore + Christianæ religionis implevit, ut quicquid ad animarum lucrum_, + quicquid ad propagationem fidei pertinere cognoscitis, _devota + mente et pio operari studio_ non cessetis.... Et quidem hæc de + Christianitate vestra mirentur alii, quibus adhuc beneficia vestra + minus sunt cognita; nam nobis, quibus experimentis jam nota sunt, + non mirandum est, sed gaudendum."--Spelm. _Concil._ p. 82. + +And in Epist. xi.: + + "Excellentia ergo vestra, _quæ prona in bonis consuevit esse + operibus_."--Id. p. 77. + +4. The etymology of Fontainebleau (Vol. iv., p. 38.). I can only speak +from memory of what was read long ago. But I think that in one of +Montfaucon's works, probably _Les Monumens de la Monarchie Française_, +he ascribed the origin of that name to the discovery of a spring amongst +the sandy rocks of that forest by a hound called _Bleau_, to the great +satisfaction of a thirsty French monarch who was then hunting there, and +was thereby induced to erect a hunting-seat near the spring. + +5. To A. B. C. (Vol. iv., p. 57.), your questionist about the marriage +of bishops in the early ages of the Christian church, who has had a +reply in p. 125., I would further say, that as we have no biographies +describing the domestic life of any Christian bishop earlier than +Cyprian, who belonged to the middle of the third century, it is only +incidentally that anything appears of the kind which he inquires after. +It would be enough for the primitive Christians to know that their +scriptures said of _marriage_, that it was _honourable in all;_ though +such as were especially exposed to persecution, from their prominence +as officers of the church, would also remember the apostle's advice as +good for the present distress, 1 Cor. vii. As, however, your +correspondent asks what evidence there is that Gregory Nazienzen's +father had children after he was raised to the episcopate, this fact is +gathered from his own poem, in which he makes his father say to him, +"Thy years are not so many as I have passed in sacred duties." For +though these sacred duties began with his admission into the priesthood, +he was made a bishop so soon afterwards, that his younger son, Cæsarius, +must at any rate be held to have been born after the elder Gregory +became a bishop. + +Curiously enough, however, good evidence appears in the papal law +itself, that the marriages of ecclesiastics were not anciently deemed +unlawful. In the _Corpus Juris Canonici_, or _Decretum aureum_, D. +Gratiani, Distinctio lvi. canon 2., which professes to be a rescript of +Pope Damasus (A.D. 366-84), says: + + "Theodorus papa filius [fuit] Theodori episcopi de civitate + Hierosolyma, Silverius papa filius Silverii episcopi Romæ--item + Gelasius, natione Afer, ex patre episcopo Valerio natus est. Quam + plures etiam alii inveniuntur: qui de sacerdotibus nati apostolicæ + sedi præfuerunt." + +To which Gratian attaches as his own conclusion: + + "Hine Augustinus ait, _Vicia parentum_ Filiis non imputentur." + +Thereby throwing a slur on the said married bishops. But can. xiii., or +Cænomanensem, of the same Distinctio, says: + + "Cum ergo ex sacerdotibus nati in summos pontifices supra legantur + esse promoti, non sunt intelligendi de fornicatione, sed de + legitimis conjugiis." + +I will only add that Athanasius mentions a Bishop Eupsychius (Primâ +contra Arianos) who was martyred in the reign of Julian, and that the +historian Sozomen says of him (_Eccl. Hist._, lib. v. ch. 11.), that +when he suffered he had but recently married, καὶ οἷον ἔτι +νυμφίον ὄντα. + + H. WALTER. + + +DOMINGO LOMELYNE. + +(Vol. i., p. 193.) + +As it is not to be met with in a regular way, your correspondent may be +ignorant that Domingo Lomelyne was progenitor of the _extinct baronets_ +LUMLEY, his descendants having softened or corrupted his name into an +identity with that of the great northern race of the latter name. They, +however, retained different coat-armour in the senior line, bearing in +common with many other English families of Italian, Champaigne, and +generally trans-Norman origin, "a chief." Guido de St. Leodigaro and one +Lucarnalsus are the earliest heroes to whom I find it assigned; but +Stephen, son of the Odo, Earl of _Champaigne_ (whence Fortibus, Earl of +Albemarle), also brought it to England at a very early period; and +thence from the Holderness annex of de Fortibus (in spite of the +allegations in Wott. _Bar._, i. 189.), Worsley perhaps copied it. The +old Lumley or Lomelyne accounts connect it with the city of _Naples_. +Your correspondent will find that Domingo Lomelyne was a _Genoese_, and +of the _bedchamber_ to Henry VIII.; that he maintained at his own cost, +and commanded, a troop of horse at Boulogne in the same reign, and had a +pension of 200_l._ per annum from Queen Elizabeth in 1560. If any of +your corespondents can give me the junior ramifications of this family +diverging from the son and grandson of Domingo, I shall feel much +obliged, provided that James Lumley, living 1725, who married Catherine +Hodilow, can be satisfactorily linked with James, the son of Domingo. +James and Martin were the family names, and the family was settled in +London and Essex. + + WM. D'OYLY BAYLEY. + + +PETTY CURY. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 24. 120.) + +Having noticed in a recent number some rather various derivations of the +name "Petty Cury," which one of the streets in Cambridge bears, I have +been led to examine the word "Cury," and think that a meaning may be +given to it, preferable to any of the three mentioned in your paper. The +three to which I refer connect the word with "cook-shops," "stables," or +some kind of a court-house ("curia"). The arguments brought forward in +their favour either arise from the similarity of the words (as "Cury" +and "écurie"), or from the probability that either cook-shops, stables, +or a court-house existed in the vicinity of the street, whence it might +derive its name. With regard to the name "Cury" being derived from the +cook-shops in the streets, this seems to have little to do with the +question; for supposing there are some half dozen such shops there +(which I do not know to be the case), it proves little as to what was +the number three or four centuries ago. Secondly, "Cury" derived from +"écurie:" this seems unsatisfactory, for, as nothing whatever is known +about our former fellows' horses, the argument in its favour simply +consists in "Cury" being similar to "écurie." The third derivation is, +that "Cury" is taken from "curia," a senate or court-house. This falls +to the ground from the considerations, that if it were derived from it +we might expect the name to be Parva Cury and not Petty Cury; and if it +be derived from it, it implies that there was some larger court existing +at that time, in contradistinction to which this was called "Parva +Curia." But no larger one (as the advocate of the derivation allows) did +exist, so that this derivation meets the fate of the former ones. + +The most probable derivation of the word is from the French "curie," a +_ward_ or _district_, which certainly possesses this advantage over the +three former ones, that the word is exactly the same as that of the +street. The arguments in its favour are these:--In referring to a map of +Cambridge dated A.D. 1574, I find the town divided into _wards_, with +different names attached to them. These wards are all larger than "Petty +Cury:" in the same map the name is spelt "_Peti Curie_" (_i.e._ small +ward), both words being French or Norman ones, and the word "peti" being +applied to it from its being smaller than any of the other wards. In +former times it was not unusual to give French names to the wards and +streets of a town, as may be seen any day in London, or even in +Liverpool, which is comparatively a modern place. Thus the word from +which I propose to derive the name "Cury" being the very same, and not +requiring us to form any vague suppositions either about cook-shops, +stables, or court-houses, I conclude, may be considered preferable to +the three before mentioned. + + W. F. R. + + Trinity College, Sept. 1. 1851. + + +THE DAUPHIN. + +(Vol. iv., p. 149.) + +The communication of your correspondent ÆGROTUS respecting the claims of +an individual to be the Dauphin of France and Duke of Normandy, brought +to my recollection pretensions of a similar nature made by a person who, +about twenty years ago, was resident in London; and was a teacher of +music, as I was informed. This person introduced himself to me, in a +French house of business, as the genuine Dauphin of France, the second +son of Louis XVI. In justice to the _soi-disant_ Dauphin, I should state +that he did not bring forward his claims abruptly, but in the course of +a conversation held in his presence, relating to the claims of another +pretender to the same honours. The communicator of this important +intelligence of a new rival to the contested diadem, urged his claims +with so much plausibility, and pressed me so earnestly to pay him a +visit--seeing that I listened to his impassioned statement with decorous +patience and real interest--in order that he might explain the matter +more fully and at leisure--that I went to his house in the New Road, +where I saw him more than once. He told me that the woman, who had all +her life passed as his mother, informed him on her death-bed that he was +the Duke of Normandy, and had been confided to her charge and care; and +that she was told to make her escape with him by his true mother, Marie +Antoinette, when that unfortunate queen eluded the murderous pursuit of +her assailants in the furious attack made on the Tuileries on the 10th +of August, 1792. So impressed was I by the earnestness of the narrator, +and the air of truth thrown around his story--knowing also that some +doubts had been started as to the death of the Dauphin in the +Temple--that I offered, being then about to visit Edinburgh, which was +at that time the residence of the exiled monarch Charles X. and his +ill-starred family, to be the bearer to them of any memorial or other +document, which the claimant to the rights of Dauphin might wish to +submit to that illustrious body. A statement was accordingly drawn up, +and sent by me when in Edinburgh, not to Charles X., but to her royal +highness the Duchess of Angoulême; who immediately replied, requesting +an interview on my part with one of the noblemen or gentlemen of her +household, whom I met; and was informed by him from her royal highness, +that such communications exceedingly distressed her, in recalling a past +dreadful period of her life; for that there was no truth in them, and +that her brother, the Duke of Normandy, died in the Temple. With deep +and sincere protestations of regret at having been the cause of pain to +her royal highness, and made the unconscious dupe of either a knave or a +fool, instead of bringing forward an illustrious unknown to his due +place in history, I took my leave; and think this account ought to +scatter for ever to the winds all tales, _in esse_ or _posse_, of +pretended Dauphins of France and Dukes of Normandy. + +I should mention, that in my interview with the _soi-disant_ Dauphin, he +showed me various portraits of Louis XVI., and then bade me look at his +own features, in every attitude and form, and say if the likeness was +not most striking and remarkable. I could not deny it; and in truth was +so impressed with his whole account, that I began to look upon the +humble individual before me with something of the reverence due to +majesty, shorn of its glories. + + J. M. + +P.S.--I now recollect that the name of this pretended Dauphin was Mevis, +and that he was said to have been seen in Regent Street by a friend of +mine about five years ago; and may, for aught I know, be still living. + + Oxford, Sept. 2. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Visiting Cards_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--In answer to your 87th Query, it +may serve in part to help to show "when visiting cards first came into +use," by informing you that about six or eight years ago a house in Dean +Street, Soho, was repaired (I think No. 79.), where Allison and Co., the +pianoforte makers, now of the Quadrant, formerly resided; and, on +removing a marble chimney-piece in the front drawing-room, four or five +visiting cards were found, one with the name of "Isaac Newton" on it. +The names were all _written_ on the back of common playing cards; and it +is not improbable that one or more may still be in the possession of Mr. +Allison, 65. Quadrant. The house in Dean Street was the residence of +either Hogarth or his father-in-law. + + A. MITE. + +_Sardonic Smiles_ (Vol. iv., p. 18.).--I beg to refer such of your +readers as take an interest in the discussion of "Sardonic Smiles" to a +treatise or memoir on the subject, by a learned scholar and antiquary in +the St. Petersburgh Transactions for 1851. The title of the memoir is as +follows: _Die Talos-Sage und das Sardonische Lachen. Ein Beitrag zur +Geschichte Griechischer Sage und Kunst, von Ludwig Mercklin._ The memoir +is also printed separately, from the _Mémoires des Savants Etrangers_. + + J. M. + + Oxford, August 4. + +_Darby and Joan_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--As no one has answered your +correspondent by referring him to a copy of this ballad, I have great +pleasure in calling his attention to _A Collection of Songs, Moral, +Sentimental, Instructive, and Amusing_, 4to. Cambridge, 1805. At p. 152. +of this volume, the "pleasant old ditty" of "Darby and Joan" is given at +length, accompanied with the music. The editor, the Rev. James Plumptre, +M.A., tells us that it is "attributed to Matthew Prior." As this book is +somewhat difficult to procure, your correspondent is welcome to the loan +of my copy. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Marriage of Bishops_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 125.).--In reference to the +inquiry of your correspondent A. B. C., for any instances of bishops and +priests who, during the first three centuries, were married after +ordination, I may suggest that the Council of Nice in 325 declared it to +be then "_an ancient tradition_ of the Church that they who were +unmarried when promoted to holy orders should not afterwards +marry."--Socrates, _Hist. Eccl._, lib. i. cap. ii.; Sozomen, _Hist. +Eccl._, lib. i. c. xxiii. + +May not the proper translation in the text which he quotes, 1 Cor. ix. +5., be "woman," instead of "wife;" and might not the passage be more +accurately rendered by the expression "sister-woman?" Clemens +Alexandrinus says (_Stromat._, lib. iii. edit. Poterii, Venet. 1757, +tom. i. p. 526.): "Not as wives but as sisters did the women go round +with the apostles:" and see also Matt. xxvii. 55., Mark xv. 41., and +Luke viii. 3. + + DORFSNAIG. + +_Winifreda_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.).--LORD BRAYBROOKE has furnished your +readers with a very curious list of the various printed forms in which, +at different times, this popular song has been given to the world; but +he has omitted one which I think ought to be placed on record. I allude +to a copy contained in the third number of _The Foundling Hospital for +Wit_, a rare miscellany of "curious pieces," printed for W. Webb, near +St. Paul's, 8vo. 1746 (p. 23.). This work was printed in numbers, at +intervals, the first bearing date 1743; and the sixth, and last, 1749. +My copy is particularly interesting as having the blank names filled up +in a cotemporary hand, and the authors' names, in many cases, added. The +song of _Winifreda_ is assigned to "Mr. G. A. Stevens;" so that, after +all, the Edinburgh reviewer may have confounded _George_ Steevens, the +"commentator," with his earlier and equally facetious namesake, _George +Alexander_. + +George Alexander Stevens was born (if a MS. obituary in my possession +may be relied on) "in the parish of St. Andrew's Holborn, 1710." He died +(according to the _Biographia Dramatica_) "at Baldock in Hertfordshire, +Sept. 6, 1784." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_George Chalmers_ (Vol. iv., 58.).--The printed books and MSS. of the +late George Chalmers were disposed of by auction in 1841 and 1842 by Mr. +Evans of Pall Mall. The particular MS. inquired after by J. O. occurs in +the third part of the printed sale catalogue, and is numbered 1891. It +is thus described by Mr. Evans: + + "CHALMERS'S BIBLIOGRAPHIA SCOTICA POETICA, or NOTICES OF SCOTTISH + POETS AND THEIR WORKS, from 1286 to 1806, 4 vols. Chalmers's + _Notices of the Scottish Poetry, Drama, and Songs_, 2 vols., + together 6 vols. + + "[Star symbol] These Volumes contain a great fund of Information, + and furnish very valuable Materials for a History of Scotch + Poetry. They would also be very useful to Collectors." + +Lot 1894. is also highly interesting. It is described as-- + + "RITSON'S BIBLIOGRAPHIA SCOTICA, 2 vols. Unpublished. + + "[Star symbol] A very Valuable Account of Scottish Poets and + Historians, drawn up with great care and indefatigable Research by + Ritson. The Work was intended for Publication. These Volumes were + purchased at the sale of Ritson's Library by Messrs. Longman and + Constable for Forty-three Guineas, and presented to George + Chalmers, Esq., who had edited Sir D. Lyndsay's Works for them + gratuitously." + +My catalogue of Chalmers's library, unfortunately, has not the prices or +purchasers' names; and the firm of the Messrs. Evans being no longer in +existence, I have no means of ascertaining the present locality of the +above-mentioned MSS. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_The Three Estates of the Realm_ (Vol. iv., p. 115.).--W. FRASER is +quite right in repudiating the _cockney_ error of "Queen, Lords, and +Commons" forming the "three estates of the realm." The sovereign is +_over_ the "realm;" a word which obviously designates the persons +_ruled_. W. F. however does not exactly hit the mark when he infers, +that "the Lords, the Clergy _in convocation_, and the Commons" are the +"three estates." The phrase "assembled in Parliament" has no application +to the Convocation; which moreover does not sit at Westminster, and was +not exposed to the peril of the gunpowder plot. The three estates of the +realm are the three orders (_états_) into which all natural-born +subjects are legally divided: viz. the _clergy_, the _nobility_, and the +_commonalty_. They are represented "in Parliament" by the "Lords +Spiritual," the "Lords Temporal," and the "Commons" (elected by their +fellows). The three estates thus meet their sovereign in the "chamber of +Parliament" at the opening of every session; and there it was that the +plot was laid for their destruction. + +W. F. is no doubt aware that originally they all _deliberated_ also +together, and in the presence of the sovereign or his commissioners: and +though, for the freedom of discussion, the sovereign now withdraws, and +the Commons deliberate in a separate chamber (leaving the chamber of +Parliament to be used as "the House of Lords," both Spiritual and +Temporal), yet to this day they all reassemble for the formal _passing_ +of every act; and the authority of all three is recited by their proper +names in the preamble. + +The first and second estates are not fused into one, simply because they +continue to deliberate and vote together as all three did at the first. + +The _Convocation_ of the Clergy was altogether a different institution, +which never met either the sovereign or the Parliament: but their order +was _represented_ in the latter by the prelates. It is another mistake +(therefore) to think the Bishops sit in the House of Lords as _Barons_. + + CANONICUS EBORACENSIS. + +"_You Friend drink to me Friend_" (Vol. iv., p. 59.).--When I was a boy, +about sixty-five years ago, Mr. Holder (a surgeon of some eminence at +that time) was a frequent visitor at our house, and much amused us by +several catches in which (under his instruction) we delighted to join; +and among which was-- + + "_I_ friend, drink to _thee_, friend, as _my_ friend + drank to _me_; + _I_ friend, charge _thee_, friend, as _my_ friend + chargēd _me_; + Sŏ dŏ _thou_, friend, drĭnk tŏ _thy_ friend, + as _my_ friend drank to _me_, + For the more we drink liquor the merrier are we." + + R. S. S. + + 56. Fenchurch Street. + +_Broad Halfpenny Down_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--_Broad halpeny_, or _broad +halfpenny_, signifies to be quit of a certain custom exacted for setting +up tables or boards in fairs or markets; and those that were freed by +the King's charter of this custom, had this word put in their +letters-patent: by reason whereof, the freedom itself (for brevity of +speech) is called _broad halfpenny_. (_Les Termes de la Ley._) Hence the +origin of "Broad-halfpenny Down." + + FRANCISCUS. + +Whence the name I cannot say, but would just note the fact, that sixteen +miles from London, on the Brighton railway, is a breezy upland called +_Farthing Down_. The country folk deem it a sufficiently famous place, +and one told me "that was once London;" meaning, a town stood there +before London was built. It is a locality well known to those who hunt +with the Croydon pack. + + P. M. M. + +_Horner Family_ (Vol. iv., p. 131.).--Is it true that the following +rhymes apply to one of the Horners of Mells? + + "Little Jack Horner + Sat in a corner, + Eating a Christmas pie, + He put in his thumb, + And pulled out a plum, + And said what a good boy am I." + +The plum being 100,000_l_. I have been told a long story on the matter +by Somersetshire people. + + P. M. M. + +_The Man of Law_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--The lines so felicitously quoted +by Mr. Serjeant Byles at a recent trial were thus given in _The Times_: + + "The man of law who never saw + The way to buy and sell, + Wishing to rise by merchandise, + Shall never speed him well." + +This version is rather nearer the original than that of your +correspondent MR. KING, who avowedly writes from memory. The author of +the lines was Sir Thomas More. They are thus given in "_A Mery Jest how +a Sergeant would learn to play the Freere_. Written by Maister Thomas +More in hys youth:" + + "A man of lawe that never sawe + The wayes to bye and sell, + Wenyng to ryse by marchaundyse, + I praye God spede hym well!" + +My quotation is at second-hand from Warton's _History of English +Poetry_, sect. xliii. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, August 30. 1851. + + [We are also indebted to T. LAWRENCE and BARTANUS for replying to + this Query. The latter adds, "The poem is given at length in the + History of the English Language prefixed to the 4to. edition of + Johnson's _Dictionary_."] + +_Riddle_ (Vol. iv., p. 153).--The riddle (query _rebus_?) for the +solution of which your correspondent A. W. H. inquires, may be found +printed in vol. i. pp. 109, 110. of the poems of Dr. Byrom, well known +as the author of the "Pastoral," inserted with much commendation by +Addison in the 8th volume of the _Spectator_, and the supposed inventor +of the universal English short-hand. The author of the rebus seems to +have been then unknown (1765), and it is said to have been "commonly +ascribed to Lord Chesterfield." Whether this was asserted in jest, does +not appear: but Dr. Byrom, to whom application for a solution had been +made, in the course of his reply, given in his own peculiar style, has +the following passage, which may be a guide to those who may now seek to +arrive at the mystery:-- + + "Made for excuse, you see, upon the whole, + The too great number of words, that poll + For correspondency to ev'ry line; + And make the meant one tedious to divine: + But we suspect that other points ambiguous, + And eke unfair, contribute to fatigue us. + + "For first, with due submission to our betters; + What antient city would have eighteen letters? + Or more?--for, in the latter lines, the clue + May have _one_ correspondent word or two: + Clue should have said, if only one occurr'd, + Not correspondent _words_ to each, but _word_. + + "From some suspicions of a bite, we guess + The number of the letters to be less; + And, from expression of a certain cast, + Some joke, unequal to the pains at last: + Could you have said that all was right and clever, + We should have try'd more fortunate endeavour. + + "_It should contain, should this same_ JEU DE MOTS, + _Clean-pointed turn, short, fair, and_ A PROPOS; + _Wit without straining; neatness without starch; + Hinted, tho' hid; and decent, tho' tis arch; + No vile idea should disgrace a rebus--_ + SIC DICUNT MUSÆ, SIC EDICIT PHOEBUS." + + T.W. (1) + + [We are also indebted to R. P. for a similar Reply.] + +_Speculative Difficulties_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--As L. M. M. R. is not +certain as to the title and author of the book he inquires about, +perhaps he may find it under the title of _The Semi-sceptic, or the +Common Sense of Religion considered_, by the Rev. J. T. James, M.A.; +London, 1825. This is a very unpretending but very beautiful work, of +some 400 pages. The author died Bishop of Calcutta. + + O. T. DOBBIN. + +_St. Paul_ (Vol iii., p. 451.).--In answer to EMUN, allow me to name a +_Life of St. Paul_ by the Rev. Dr. Addington, an eminent dissenting +minister of the close of the last century; a work on the life and +epistles of St. Paul by Mr. Bevan, a member of the Society of Friends; +and two books by Fletcher and Hannah More on the character of the same +apostle. + + O. T. D. + +_Commissioners on Officers of Justice in England_ (Vol iv., p. 152.).--I +can give no information respecting the commission of July 27, 1733; but +on June 2, 8 GEO. II. [1735], a commission issued to Sir William +Joliffe, Knt., William Bunbury, Simon Aris, Thomas Brown, Thomas De +Veil, Esquires, and others, for inquiring into the officers of the Court +of Exchequer, and their fees, "and for the other purposes therein +mentioned." I imagine this commission also extended to other courts. The +names of the jurors impannelled and sworn as to the Court of Exchequer, +July 9, 1735; their oath, presentment, and six schedules of fees, are +given in Jones's _Index to the Originalia and Memoranda Records_ +(London, fo. 1793), vol, i. Preface, xxxiii.-xliv. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge. + +_Noble and Workhouse Names_ (Vol. iii., p. 350.).--I can enumerate +several old names, some Anglo-Saxon, in the parishes of Burghfield and +Tylchurst, in Berks, belonging to the peasantry, many of whom may have +been gentry in bygone years; such as Osborne, Osman, Seward, Wolford, +Goddard, Woodward, Redbourne, Lambourne, Englefield, Gower, Harding, +Hussey, Coventry, Avery, Stacy, Ilsley, Hamlin, Pigot, Hemans, Eamer, +and Powel. A respectable yeoman's widow, whose maiden name was +Wentworth, told me she was of the same family as Sir Thomas Wentworth, +Earl of Strafford, beheaded in Charles's reign. + + JULIA R. BOCKETT. + + Southcote Lodge. + +_Poulster_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--The meaning of this word is undoubtedly +as D. X. surmises. The original term was _upholder_, which is still in +occasional use; next _upholster_; and, thirdly, _upholsterer_. In +Stowe's _Survey of London_, it appears in the second form: and so also +_poulter_, which still exists as a surname. "Mr. Richard Deakes, +Uphoulster," was buried at St. Dunstan's in the West, London, in 1630. +(_Collectanea Topog. et Geneal._, v. 378.) It would be worth inquiry +_when_ the incorrect duplication of termination first produced our +modern words _upholsterer_ and _poulterer_? Mr. Pegge remarks, that +"Fruiter_er_ seems to be equally redundant;" and that "cater-_er_ is +written _cater_ in the margin of the _Life of Gusmand de Alfarache_, +folio edition, 1622, p. 125. (_Anecdotes of the English Language_, edit. +Christmas, 1844, p. 79.)" + + J. G. N. + +_Judges styled Reverend_ (Vol. iv., p. 151.).--Your correspondent. F. W. +J., before he receives an answer to his Query, "When did the judges lose +the title of Reverend and Very Reverend?" must first show that they ever +bore it. By the example he quotes he might as well argue that they bore +the title of "Très Sages," as that of "Très Reverend." The fact is, +that, _as a title_, it was never used by them, the words quoted being +nothing more than respectful epithets applied to eminent men of a past +age, by the editors or publishers of the work. + +I very much doubt also whether the style of "The Honorable" is properly +given to the judges. + +It would be curious to trace the commencement of the practice of +addressing a judge on the bench as "My Lord." In the Year Books are +numerous instances of his being addressed simply "Syr." Off the bench +the chief alone is entitled to the designation "My Lord," and that +address can be properly given to the puisne judges only when they are on +the circuit, and then because they are acting under a special royal +commission. + + EDW. FOSS. + +_The Ring Finger_ (Vol. iv., p. 150.).--In the ancient ritual of +marriage, the ring was placed by the husband on the top of the thumb of +the left hand, with the words "In the name of the Father;" he then +removed it to the forefinger, saying, "and of the Son;" then to the +middle finger, adding, "and of the Holy Ghost;" finally, he left it as +now, on the fourth finger, with the closing word "Amen." + + R. S. H. + + Morwenstow. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The name of Dr. Freund is probably known to many of our readers as that +of the most profound lexicographer of the present day, so far as the +Latin language is concerned. His larger Latin-German Lexicon is as +remarkable for its philosophical arrangement as for the philological +acquirements of its author; and of that important and valuable work a +translation, or rather an adaption, is now before us, in one handsome +octavo volume, under the title of _A Copious and Critical Latin-English +Lexicon, founded on the larger German-Latin Lexicon of Dr. William +Freund: with Additions and Corrections from the Lexicons of Gesner, +Facciolati, Scheller, Georges_, &c. By E. A. Andrews. LL.D., &c. Dr. +Andrews and his assistants have executed their respective portions of +the work in a most able manner; and the book, which in its getting up is +as creditable to American typography as its editing is to American +scholarship, will, we have no doubt, meet, as it deserves, with a most +extensive sale in this country. + +_The Churchyard Manual, intended chiefly for Rural Districts_, by the +Rev. W. H. Kelke, is a little volume published for the purpose of +promoting the improvement of rural churchyards, by giving them a more +truly Christian character. It is illustrated with some extremely +pleasing and appropriate monumental designs, and contains a judicious +selection of epitaphs, and is indeed altogether well calculated to +accomplish the good end at which the author aims. + +_Archælogical Guide to Ely Cathedral; prepared for the Visit of the Bury +and West Suffolk Archælogical Institute_, Sept. 1851, is a most useful +little tract, calculated not only to increase the interest of the +members of the Bury Institute, in their visit to the venerable pile +which it describes, but furnishing just the heads of information which +future visitors will require, and therefore likely to outlast the +temporary object for which it has been so ably compiled. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--C. Hamilton's (22. Anderson's Buildings, City +Road) Catalogue of Books, Portraits, Original Drawings, Local, +Historical, and other important Manuscripts; W. Miller's (3. Upper East +Smithfield) Catalogue Part 38. of a Collection of Books in the various +Branches of Literature. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +No. 3 of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas +Johnson. London, 1790. + +HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624. + +THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. +8vo. + +BOVILLUS DE ANIMÆ IMMORALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to. + +KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I. + +THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol. III. Pickering. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +C. W. _If our correspondent lives, as we trust he will, to see our +hundredth Volume, we feel assured that what he now considers a blemish +he will then estimate very differently._ + +F. S. _The allusion to which our correspondent refers, is to a +well-known stanza:_ + + "The Sun's perpendicular heat + Illumines the depth of the sea, + And the fishes, beginning to sweat, + Cry, 'Bless us how hot we shall be.'" + +DESPECTUS. _Such of the various matters suggested in our correspondent's +voluminous communication as are calculated for insertion in our columns +shall be introduced as opportunities offer._ + +RADIX. _A diamond Latin Dictionary, by Riddle, has, we believe, been +published by Messrs. Longman._ + +G. M. P., _who inquires as to the origin and proper name of the +character_ "&" (and-per-se-and, and-by-itself-and), _is referred to our_ +2nd Vol. pp. 250. 284. + +E. A. T. Das Knaben Wunderhorn _has never been translated into English. +We have no doubt, however, but that translations have been made of many +of the pieces contained in it._ + +LLEWELLYN _will find a note addressed to him at our Publisher's._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_School of the Heart--John of Lilburne--Absalom's +Hair--Ray and Wray Families--Meaning of Deal--Nightingale and Thorn--The +Termination "-ship"--Repudiate--Swinhope--Unlucky for Pregnant Women to +take an Oath--The Man of Law--Presteign--Queen's Messengers--Murderers +buried in Cross Roads--Sword-blade Note--Petty Cury--Domesday Book of +Scotland--Elision of letter V.--Names first given to +Parishes--Dole-bank--The Dauphin--Agla--Coins of Constantius II.--Corpse +passing makes a Right of Way--Poulster._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price_ 9_s._ 6_d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + + + + +Just published, in One Volume, royal 8vo. (pp. 1663), price 21_s._, + + A COPIOUS AND CRITICAL + LATIN-ENGLISH LEXICON, + FOUNDED ON THE LARGER GERMAN-LATIN LEXICON OF DR. WILLIAM FREUND: + WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS + FROM THE + LEXICONS OF GESNER, FACCIOLATI, SCHELLER, GEORGES, &c. + BY E. A. ANDREWS, LL.D., &c. + + "We have examined this book with considerable attention, and have + no hesitation in saying it is the best Dictionary of the Latin + Language that has appeared."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "In conclusion, we are glad to have an opportunity of introducing + so excellent a work to the notice of our classical and + philological readers. It has all that true German _Gründlichkeit_ + about it which is so highly appreciated by English scholars. + Rarely, if ever, has so vast an amount of philological information + been comprised in a single volume of this size. The knowledge + which it conveys of the early and later Latin is not to be + gathered from ordinary Latin Dictionaries. With regard to the + manner in which it is got up, we can speak most favourably. Never + have we seen a better specimen of American typography. Every page + bears the impress of industry and care. The type is clear, neat, + and judiciously varied. A pretty close inspection has not enabled + us to discover any error worth mentioning."--_Athenæum._ + + London: SAMPSON LOW, 169. Fleet Street. + + +PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. + + CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. + Established 1806. + Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._ + Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._ + Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._ + + _President._ + The Right Honorable EARL GREY. + + _Directors._ + The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_. + Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_. + Henry B. Alexander, Esq. + George Dacre, Esq. + William Judd, Esq. + Sir Richard D. King, Bart. + The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird + Thomas Maugham, Esq. + William Ostler, Esq. + Apsley Pellatt, Esq. + George Round, Esq. + Frederick Squire, Esq. + William Henry Stone, Esq. + Capt. William John Williams. + + J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_. + + _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, + Montague Square. + + NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED. + + Example of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses. + +---------+----------+--------------------------+----------------+ + | | | | Bonuses added | + | Date | | | subsequently, | + | of | Sum | | to be further | + | Policy. | Insured. | Original Premium. | increased | + | | | | annually. | + +---------+----------+--------------------------+----------------+ + | 1806 | £2500 | £79 10 10 Extinguished | £1222 2 0 | + | 1811 | 1000 | 33 19 2 Ditto | 231 17 8 | + | 1818 | 1000 | 31 16 10 Ditto | 114 18 10 | + +---------+----------+--------------------------+----------------+ + + Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies. + + +--------+-------+----------+-----------+---------------------+ + | Policy | Date. | Sum | Bonuses | Total with | + | No. | | Insured. | added. | Additions to be | + | | | | | further increased. | + +--------+-------+----------+-----------+---------------------+ + | 521 | 1807 | £900 | £982 12 1 | £1882 12 1 | + | 1174 | 1810 | 1200 | 1160 5 6 | 2360 5 6 | + | 3392 | 1820 | 5000 | 3558 17 8 | 8558 17 8 | + +--------+-------+----------+-----------+---------------------+ + + Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application + to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the + United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. + 50. Regent Street. + + +ROLLIN'S KEY TO THE EXERCISES IN LEVIZAC'S FRENCH GRAMMAR. + + Just published, in 12mo. sheep, price 3_s._, + + CORRIGÉ: ou, Traduction Française des Thêmes Anglais contenus dans + la Nouvelle Edition de la Grammaire de M. De Lévizac: accompagné + de quelques Remarques Grammaticales et Biographiques. Par M. G. + ROLLIN, B.A., Professeur de Langues Anciennes et Modernes, et du + Collège du Nord. + + Lately published, in 12mo. roan, price 5_s._, + + LEVIZAC'S GRAMMAR OF THE FRENCH TONGUE. New Edition, revised and + improved by M. ROLLIN, B.A. + + London: WILLIAM TEGG & Co., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside. + + +Just published, + + THE JANSENISTS: their Rise, Persecutions by the Jesuits, and + existing Remnant. A Chapter in Church History. By S. P. TREGELLES, + LL.D. With Four Engravings in tint. Post 8vo., 3_s._ 6_d._ + + SYRIAC READING LESSONS: consisting of copious extracts from the + Peschito of the Old and New Testaments; with the Crusade of + Richard I., from the Chronicles of Bar Hebraeus; grammatically + analysed and translated: with the Elements of Syriac Grammar. Post + 8vo., 5_s._ + + CHALDEE READING LESSONS: consisting of the whole of the Biblical + Chaldee, with a Grammatical Praxis, and an Interlineary + Translation. Post 8vo., 5_s._ + + SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row, London. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + + September, 1851. + + J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 13, 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 98, +September 13, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 13, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38491-0.txt or 38491-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/9/38491/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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