diff options
Diffstat (limited to '38486-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 38486-h/38486-h.htm | 11424 |
1 files changed, 11424 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/38486-h/38486-h.htm b/38486-h/38486-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69ff585 --- /dev/null +++ b/38486-h/38486-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,11424 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title> + Rule of the Monk, by General Garibaldi + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;} + .pagenum {display:inline; font-size: 70%; font-style:normal; + margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%; + text-align: right;} + pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} + +</style> + </head> + <body> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Rule of the Monk, by Giuseppe Garibaldi + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Rule of the Monk + or, Rome in the Nineteenth Century + +Author: Giuseppe Garibaldi + +Release Date: January 3, 2012 [EBook #38486] +Last Updated: January 25, 2013 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RULE OF THE MONK *** + + + + +Produced by David Widger + + + + + +</pre> + <div style="height: 8em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h1> + RULE OF THE MONK + </h1> + <h2> + OR, ROME IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. + </h2> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <h2> + By General Garibaldi + </h2> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <h3> + 1870. + </h3> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <blockquote> + <p class="toc"> + <big><b>CONTENTS</b></big> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_INTR"> INTRODUCTION.</a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0002"> <big><b>THE RULE OF THE MONK</b></big></a> + <br /><br /><br /> <a href="#link2H_PART1"> <b>PART THE FIRST.</b> </a> + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. </a> CLELIA + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. </a> ATTILIO + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. </a> THE + CONSPIRACY <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. </a> THE + MEETING OF THE CONSPIRATORS <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER + V. </a> THE INFANTICIDE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0006"> + CHAPTER VI. </a> THE ARREST <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0007"> + CHAPTER VII. </a> THE LEGACY <br /><br /> <a + href="#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER VIII. </a> THE MENDICANT <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER IX. </a> THE LIBERATOR <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER X. </a> THE ORPHAN <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER XI. </a> THE FLIGHT <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER XII. </a> THE PETITION <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2HCH0013"> CHAPTER XIII. </a> THE BEAUTIFUL + STRANGER <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0014"> CHAPTER XIV. </a> SICCIO + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0015"> CHAPTER XV. </a> THE + CORSINI PALACE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0016"> CHAPTER XVI. </a> ENGLISH + JULIA <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0017"> CHAPTER XVII. </a> RETRIBUTION + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0018"> CHAPTER XVIII. </a> THE + EXILE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0019"> CHAPTER XIX. </a> THE + BATHS OF CARACALLA <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0020"> CHAPTER XX. </a> THE + TRAITOR <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0021"> CHAPTER XXI. </a> THE + TORTURE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0022"> CHAPTER XXII. </a> THE + BRIGANDS <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0023"> CHAPTER XXIII. </a> THE + LIBERATOR <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0024"> CHAPTER XXIV. </a> THE + YACHT <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0025"> CHAPTER XXV. </a> THE + TEMPEST <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0026"> CHAPTER XXVI. </a> THE + TOWER <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0027"> CHAPTER XXVII. </a> THE + WITHDRAWAL <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0028"> CHAPTER XXVIII. </a> THE + FOREST <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0029"> CHAPTER XXIX. </a> THE + CASTLE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0030"> CHAPTER XXX. </a> IRENE + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0031"> CHAPTER XXXI. </a> GASPARO + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0032"> CHAPTER XXXII. </a> THE + SURPRISE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0033"> CHAPTER XXXIII. </a> THE + ASSAULT <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0034"> CHAPTER XXXIV. </a> A + VALUABLE ACQUISITION <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0035"> CHAPTER XXXV. + </a> THE AMELIORATION OF MANKIND <br /><br /> <a + href="#link2HCH0036"> CHAPTER XXXVI. </a> THE SUBTERRANEAN + PASSAGES <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0037"> CHAPTER XXXVII. </a> THE + ANTIQUARY <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0038"> CHAPTER XXXVIII. </a> THE + ROMAN ARMY <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0039"> CHAPTER XXXIX. </a> MATRIMONY + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0040"> CHAPTER XL. </a> THE + CHRISTENING <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0041"> CHAPTER XLI. </a> THE + RECLUSE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0042"> CHAPTER XLII. </a> THE + THIRTIETH OF APRIL <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0043"> CHAPTER XLIII. + </a> THE COMBAT <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0044"> CHAPTER + XLIV. </a> THE OLD OAK <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0045"> + CHAPTER XLV. </a> THE HONOR OF THE FLAG <br /><br /> <a + href="#link2HCH0046"> CHAPTER XLVI. </a> THE RURAL SUPPER + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0047"> CHAPTER XLVII. </a> GASPERO'S + STORY <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0048"> CHAPTER XLVIII. </a> GASPARO'S + STORY CONTINUED <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0049"> CHAPTER XLIX. </a> THE + PURSUIT <br /><br /> <br /> <a href="#link2H_PART2"> <b>PART THE SECOND.</b> + </a> <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0050"> CHAPTER L. </a> THE + PILGRIMAGE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0051"> CHAPTER LI. </a> THE + MEMORY OF THE DEAD <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0052"> CHAPTER LII. </a> THE + SPY IN VENICE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0053"> CHAPTER LIII. </a> THE + "GOVERNMENT" <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0054"> CHAPTER LIV. </a> THE + SENTENCE OF DEATH <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0055"> CHAPTER LV. </a> DEATH + TO THE PRIESTS <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0056"> CHAPTER LVI. </a> PRINCE + T——— <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0057"> CHAPTER LVII. + </a> THE DUEL <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0058"> CHAPTER + LVIII. </a> ROME <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0059"> CHAPTER + LIX. </a> VENICE AND THE BUCENTAUER <br /><br /> <a + href="#link2HCH0060"> CHAPTER LX. </a> THE BURIAL <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2HCH0061"> CHAPTER LXI. </a> THE NARRATIVE + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0062"> CHAPTER LXII. </a> THE + NARRATIVE OF MARZIO CONTINUED <br /><br /> <br /> <a href="#link2H_PART3"> + <b>PART THE THIRD.</b> </a> <br /><br /> <a + href="#link2HCH0063"> CHAPTER LXIII. </a> THE CAIROLIS AND + THEIR SEVENTY COMPANIONS <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0064"> CHAPTER + LXIV. </a> CUCCHI AND HIS COMRADES <br /><br /> <a + href="#link2HCH0065"> CHAPTER LXV. </a> THE MONTIGIANIS <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2HCH0066"> CHAPTER LXVI. </a> THE OVERTHROW + <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0067"> CHAPTER LXVII. </a> THE + FINAL CATASTROPHE <br /><br /> <a href="#link2HCH0068"> CHAPTER LXVIII. + </a> THE SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGE <br /><br /> <br /> <a + href="#link2H_APPE"> <b>APPENDIX.</b> </a> <br /><br /> + <a href="#link2H_4_0075"> I. </a> THE FAMILY OF GENERAL + GARIBALDI <br /><br /> <a href="#link2H_4_0076"> II. </a> THE + CAMPAIGN OF MENTANA <br /><br /> <a href="#link2H_4_0077"> III. </a> GARIBALDI + AND THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT <br /><br /> <a href="#link2H_4_0078"> IV. </a> NOTES + <br /><br /> + </p> + </blockquote> + <p> + <a name="link2H_INTR" id="link2H_INTR"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + INTRODUCTION. + </h2> + <p> + The renowned writer of Caesar's "Commentaries" did not think it necessary + to furnish a preface for those notable compositions, and nobody has ever + yet attempted to supply the deficiency—if it be one. In truth, the + custom is altogether of modern times. The ancient heroes who became + authors and wrote a book, left their work to speak for itself—"to + sink or swim," we had almost said, but that is not exactly the case. Cæsar + carried his "Commentaries" between his teeth when he swam ashore from the + sinking galley at Alexandria, but it never occurred to him to supply + posterity with a prefatory flourish. He begins those famous chapters with + a soldierly abruptness and brevity—"Omnia Gallia in très partes" + etc. The world has been contented to begin there also for the last two + thousand years; and the fact is a great argument against prefaces—especially + since, as a rule, no one ever reads them till the book itself has been + perused. + </p> + <p> + The great soldier who has here turned author, entering the literary arena + as a novelist, has also given his English translators no preface. But our + custom demands one, and the nature of the present work requires that a few + words should be written explanatory of the original purpose and character + of the Italian MS. from which the subjoined pages are transcribed. It + would be unfair to Garibaldi if the extraordinary vivacity and grace of + his native style should be thought to be here accurately represented. The + renowned champion of freedom possesses an eloquence as peculiar and real + as his military genius, with a gift of graphic description and creative + fancy which are but very imperfectly presented in this version of his + tale, partly from the particular circumstances under which the version was + prepared, and partly from the impossibility of rendering into English + those subtle touches and personal traits which really make a book, as + lines and light shadows make a countenance. Moreover, the Italian MS. + itself, written in the autograph of the General, was compiled as the + solace of heavy hours at Varignano, where the King of Italy, who owed to + Garibaldi's sword the splendid present of the Two Sicilies, was repaying + that magnificent dotation with a shameful imprisonment. The time will come + when these pages—in their original, at least—will be numbered + among the proofs of the poet's statement that— + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + "Stone walls do not a prison make, + Nor iron bars a cage: + Minds innocent and quiet take + These for a hermitage." +</pre> + <p> + If there be many passages in the narrative where the signs are strong that + "the iron has entered into the soul," there are also a hundred where the + spirit of the good and brave chieftain goes forth from his insulting + incarceration to revel in scenes of natural beauty, to recall incidents of + simple human love and kindness, to dwell upon heroic memories, and to + aspire towards glorious developments of humanity made free, like the + apostle's footsteps when the angel of the Lord struck off his fetters, and + he passed forth through the self-opened portals of his prison. + </p> + <p> + It would be manifestly unfair, nevertheless, to contrast a work written + under such conditions with those elaborate specimens of modern + novel-writing with which our libraries abound. Probably, had General + Garibaldi ever read these productions, he would have declined to accept + them as a model. He appears to have taken up here the form of the + "novella," which belongs by right of prescription to his language and his + country, simply as a convenient way of imparting to his readers and to + posterity the real condition and inner life of Rome during these last few + eventful years, when the evil power of the Papacy has been declining to + its fall. Whereas, therefore, most novels consist of fiction founded upon + fact, this one may be defined rather as fact founded upon fiction, in the + sense that the form alone and the cast of the story is fanciful—the + rest being all pure truth lightly disguised. Garibaldi has here recited, + with nothing more than a thin veil of incognito thrown over those names + which it would have been painful or perilous to make known, that of which + he himself has been cognizant as matters of fact in the wicked city of the + priests, where the power which has usurped the gentle name of Christ + blasphemes Him with greater audacity of word and act as the hour of + judgment approaches. Herein the reader may see what goes forward in the + demure palaces of the princes of the Church, from which the "Vicegerents + of Heaven" are elected. Herein he may comprehend what kind of a system it + is which French bayonets still defend—what the private life is of + those who denounce humanity and anathematize science, and why Rome appears + content with the government of Jesuits, and the liberty of hearing the + Pope's mezzo-sopranos at the Sistine Chapel. He who has composed this + narrative, at once so idyllic in its pastoral scenes—so tender and + poetic in its domestic passages—so Metastasio-like in some of its + episodes—and so terribly earnest in its denunciation of the wrongs + and degradation of the Eternal City, is no unknown satirist. He is + Garibaldi; he has been Triumvir of the Seven-hill-ed City, and + Generalissimo of her army; her archives have been within his hands; he has + held her keys, and fought behind her walls; and, in four campaigns at + least, since those glorious but mournful days, he has waged battle for the + ancient city in the open field. Here, then, is his description of "Rome in + the Nineteenth Century"—not seen as tourists or dilettanti see her, + clothed with the imaginary robes of her historic and classic empire, but + seen naked to the stained and scourged skin—affronted, degraded, + defamed, bleeding from the hundred wounds where the leech-like priests + hang and suck, and, by their vile organization, converted from the Rome + which was mistress of the world, to a Rome which is the emporium of solemn + farces, miracle-plays, superstitious hypocrisies, the capital of an evil + instead of a majestic kingdgom—the metropolis of monks instead of + Cæsars. + </p> + <p> + To this discrowned Queen of Nations every page in the present volume + testifies the profound and ardent loyalty of Garibaldi's soul. The + patriotism which most men feel towards the country of their birth is but a + cold virtue compared with the burning devotion which fills the spirit of + our warrior-novelist. It is as though the individuality of one of her + antique Catos or Fabii was resuscitated, to protest, with deed and word, + against the false and cunning tribe which have suborned the imperial city + to their purposes, and turned the monuments of Rome, as it were, into one + Cloaca Maxima. The end of these things is probably approaching, although + His Holiness is parodying the great Councils of past history, and + pretending to give laws <i>urbi et orbi</i>, while the kingdoms reject his + authority, and his palace is only defended by the aid of foreign bayonets. + When Rome is freed from the Pope-king, and has been proclaimed the capital + of Italy, this book will be one of the memorials of that extraordinary + corruption and offense which the nineteenth century endured so long and + patiently. + </p> + <p> + The Author's desire to portray the state of society in Rome and around it, + during the last years of the Papacy, has been paramount, and the narrative + only serves as the form for this design. Accordingly, the reader must not + expect an elaborately compiled plot, with artistic developments. He will, + nevertheless, be sincerely interested in the fortunes and the fate of the + beautiful and virtuous Roman ladies who figure in the tale—of the + gallant and dashing brigand of the Campagna, Orazio—the handsome + Muzio—the brave and faithful Attilio, and the Author's evident + favorite, "English Julia," whose share in the story enables our renowned + Author to exhibit his excessive affection for England and the English + people. It only remains to commend these varions heroes and heroines to + the public, with the remark that the deficiencies of the work are due + rather to the translation than to the original; for the vigor and charm of + the great Liberator's Italian is such as to show that he might have + rivalled Manzoni and Alfieri, if he had not preferred to emulate and equal + the Gracchi and Rienzi. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0002" id="link2H_4_0002"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE RULE OF THE MONK. + </h2> + <p> + <a name="link2H_PART1" id="link2H_PART1"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PART THE FIRST. + </h2> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER I. CLELIA + </h2> + <p> + A celebrated writer has called Rome "the City of the dead", but how can + there be death in the heart of Italy? The ruins of Rome, the ashes of her + unhappy sons, have, indeed, been entombed, but these remains are so + impregnate with life that they may yet accomplish the regeneration of the + world. Rome is still capable of arousing the populations, as the tempest + raises the waves of the sea; for is she not the mistress of ancient + empire, and is not her whole history that of giants? Those who can visit + her wonderful monuments in their present desolation, and not feel their + souls kindle with love of the beautiful, and ardor for generous designs, + will only restore at death base hearts to their original clay. As with the + city, so with its people. No degradations have been able to impair the + beauty of her daughters—a loveliness often, alas! fatal to + themselves—and in the youthful Clelia, the artist's daughter of the + Trastevere, Raphael himself would have found the graces of his lofty and + pure ideal, united with that force of character which distinguished her + illustrious namesake of ancient times. Even at sixteen years of age her + carriage possessed a dignity majestic as of a matron of old, albeit + youthful; her hair was of a luxurious rich brown; her dark eyes, generally + conveying repose and gentleness, could, nevertheless, repress the + slightest affront with flashes like lightning. Her father was a sculptor, + named Manlio, who had reached his fiftieth year, and possessed a robust + constitution, owing to a laborious and sober life. This profession enabled + him to support his family in comfort, if not luxury, and he was altogether + as independent as it was possible for a citizen to be in a priest-ridden + country. Manlio's wife, though naturally healthy, had become delicate from + early privation and confinement to the house; she had, however, the + disposition of an angel, and besides forming the happiness and pride of + her husband, was beloved by the entire neighborhood. + </p> + <p> + Clelia was their only child, and was entitled by the people, "The Pearl of + Trastevere." She inherited, in addition to her beauty, the angelic heart + of her mother, with that firmness and strength of character which + distinguished her father. + </p> + <p> + This happy family resided in the street that ascends from Lungara to Monte + Gianicolo, not far from the fountain of Montono, and, unfortunately for + them, they lived there in this, the nineteenth century, when the power of + the Papacy is, for the time, supreme. + </p> + <p> + Now, the Pope professes to regard the Bible as the word of God, yet the + Papal throne is surrounded by cardinals, to whom marriage is forbidden, + notwithstanding the Scriptural declaration that "it is not good for man to + dwell alone," and that "woman was formed to be a helpmeet for him." + </p> + <p> + Matrimony being thus interdicted, contrary to the law of God and man, the + enormous wealth, the irresponsible power, and the state of languid luxury + in which, as Princes of the Church, they are compelled to live, have ever + combined, in the case of these cardinals, every temptation to corruption + and libertinism of the very worst kinds (see Note 2). As the spirit of the + master always pervades the household, plenty of willing tools are to be + found in these large establishments ready to pander to their employers' + vices. + </p> + <p> + The beauty of Clelia had unhappily attracted the eye of Cardinal Procopio, + the most powerful of these prelates, and the favorite of his Holiness, + whom he flattered to his face, and laughed at as an old dotard behind his + back. + </p> + <p> + One day, feeling jaded by his enforced attendance at the Vatican, he + summoned Gianni, one of his creatures, to his presence, and informed him + of the passion he had conceived for Clelia, ordering him, at whatever + cost, and by any means, to obtain possession of the girl, and conduct her + to his palace. + </p> + <p> + It was in furtherance of the nefarious plot thereupon concocted that the + agent of his Eminence on the evening of the 8th of February, 1866, + presented himself at the studio of Signor Manlio, but not without some + trepidation, for, like most of his class, he was an arrant coward, and + already in fancy trembled at the terrific blows which the strong arm of + the sculptor would certainly bestow should the real object of the visit be + suspected. He was, however, somewhat reassured by the calm expression of + the Roman's face, and, plucking up courage, he entered the studio. + </p> + <p> + "Good-evening, Signor Manlio," he commenced, with a smooth and flattering + voice. + </p> + <p> + "Good-evening," replied the artist, not looking up, but continuing an + examination of his chisels, for he cared little to encourage the presence + of an individual whom he recognized as belonging to the household of the + Cardinal, the character of that establishment being well known to him. + </p> + <p> + "Good-evening, Signor," repeated Gianni, in a timid voice; and, observing + that at last the other raised his head, he thus continued—"his + Eminence, the Cardinal Procopio, desires me to tell you he wishes to have + two small statues of saints to adorn the entrance to his oratory." + </p> + <p> + "And of what size does the Cardinal require them?" asked Manlio. + </p> + <p> + "I think it would be better for you, Signor, to call on his Eminence at + the palace, to see the position in which he wishes them to be placed, and + then consult with him respecting their design." + </p> + <p> + A compression of the sculptor's lips showed that this proposal was but + little to his taste; but how can an artist exist in Rome, and maintain his + family in comfort, without ecclesiastical protection and employment? One + of the most subtle weapons used by the Roman Church has always been its + patronage of the fine arts. It has ever employed the time and talent of + the first Italian masters to model statues, and execute paintings from + subjects calculated to impress upon the people the doctrines inculcated by + its teaching (see Note 3), receiving demurely the homage of Christendom + for its "protection of genius," and the encouragement it thereby afforded + to artists from all nations to settle in Rome. + </p> + <p> + Manlio, therefore, who would have sacrificed his life a hundred times over + for his two beloved ones, after a few moments' reflection, bluntly + answered, "I will go." Gianni, with a profound salutation, retired. "The + first step is taken," he murmured; "and now I must endeavor to find a safe + place of observation for Cencio." This fellow was a subordinate of + Gianni's, to whom the Cardinal had intrusted the second section of the + enterprise; and for whom it was now necessary to hire a room in sight of + the studio. This was not difficult to achieve in that quarter, for in + Rome, where the priests occupy themselves with the spiritual concerns of + the people, and but little with their temporal prosperity (though they + never neglect their own), poverty abounds. Were it not for the enforced + neglect of its commerce, the ancient activity of Rome might be restored, + and might rival even its former palmiest days. + </p> + <p> + After engaging a room suitable for the purpose, Gianni returned home, + humming a song, and with a conscience any thing but oppressed, + comprehending well that all ruffianism is absolved by the priests when + committed for the benefit of mother Church. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER II. ATTILIO + </h2> + <p> + In the same street, and opposite Manlio's house, was another studio, + occupied by an artist, named Attilio, already of some celebrity, although + he had only attained his twentieth year. In it he worked the greater part + of the day; but, studious as he was, he found himself unable to refrain + from glancing lovingly, from time to time, at the window on the first + floor, where Clelia was generally occupied with her needle, seated by her + mother's side. Without her knowledge—almost without his own—she + had become for him the star of his sky, the loveliest among the beauties + of Rome—his hope, his life, his all. Now, Attilio had watched with a + penetrating eye the manner in which the emissary of the Cardinal had come + and gone. He saw him looking doubtful and irresolute, and, with the quick + instincts of love, a suspicion of the truth entered his mind; a terrible + fear for the safety of his beloved took possession of him. When Gianni + quitted Manlio's house, Attilio stole forth, following cautiously in his + footsteps, but stopping now and then to elude observation by gazing at the + curiosities in the shop-windows, or at the monuments which one encounters + at every turn in the Eternal City. He clutched involuntarily, now and + then, at the dagger carefully concealed in his breast, especially when he + saw Gianni enter a house, and heard him bargain for the use of a room. + </p> + <p> + Not until Gianni reached the magnificent Palazzo Corsini, where his + employer lived, and had disappeared therein from sight, did Attilio turn + aside. + </p> + <p> + "Then it is Cardinal Procopio," muttered he to himself; "Procopio, the + Pope's favorite—the vilest and most licentious of the evil band of + Church Princes!"—and he continued his gloomy reflections without + heeding whither his steps went. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER III. THE CONSPIRACY + </h2> + <p> + It is the privilege of the slave to conspire against his oppressors—for + liberty is God's gift, and the birthright of all. Therefore, Italians of + past and present days, under various forms of servitude, have constantly + conspired, and, as the despotism of tiaraed priests is the most hateful + and degrading of all, so the conspiracies of the Romans date thickest from + that rule. We are asked to believe that the government of the Pope is + mild, that his subjects are contented, and have ever been so. Yet, if this + be true, how is it that they who claim to be the representatives of Christ + upon earth—of Him who said, "My kingdom is not of this world"—have, + since the institution of the temporal power, supplicated French + intervention sixteen times, German intervention fifteen times, Austrian + intervention seven times, and Spanish intervention three times; while the + Pope of our day holds his throne only by force of the intervention of a + foreign power? + </p> + <p> + So the night of the 8th of February was a night of conspiracy. The + meeting-hall was no other than the ancient Colosseum; and Attilio, instead + of returning home, aroused himself to a recollection of this fact, and set + out for the Campo Vaccino. + </p> + <p> + The night was obscure, and black clouds were gathering on all sides, + impelled by a violent scirocco. The mendicants, wrapped in their rags, + sought shelter from the wind in the stately old doorways; others in + porches of churches. Indoors, the priests were sitting, refreshing + themselves at sumptuous tables loaded with viands and exquisite wines. + Beggars and priests—for the population is chiefly composed of these + two classes. But these conspirators watch for, and muse upon, the day when + priests and beggars shall be consigned alike to the past. + </p> + <p> + By-and-by, in the distance beyond, the ancient forum, that majestic giant + of ruins, rose upon young Attilio's eye, dark and alone. It stands there, + reminding a city of slaves of a hundred past generations of grandeur; it + survives above the ruins of their capital; to tell them that, though she + has been shaken down to the dust of shame and death, she is not dead—not + lost to the nations which her civilization and her glories created and + regenerated. + </p> + <p> + In that sublime ruin our conspirators gather. A stranger chooses, for the + most part, a fine moonlight night on which to visit the Colosseum; but it + is in darkness and storm that it should be rather seen, illuminated + terribly by the torches of lightning, whilst the awful thunder of heaven + reverberates through every ragged arch. + </p> + <p> + Such were accompaniments of the scene when the conspirators, on this 8th + of February, entered stealthily and one by one the ancient arena of the + gladiators. + </p> + <p> + Among its thousand divisions, where the sovereign people were wont to + assemble in the days when they were corrupted by the splendors of the + conquered world, were several more spacious than others, perhaps destined + for the patricians and great officers, but which Time, with its + exterminating touch, has reduced to one scarce distinguishable mass of + ruin. Neither chairs nor couches now adorn them, but blocks of + weatherbeaten stone mark the boundaries, benches, and chambers. In one of + these behold our conspirators silently assembling, scanning each other + narrowly by the aid of their dark lanterns, as they advance into the space + by different routes, their only ceremony being a grasp of the hand upon + arriving at the Loggione—a name given by them to the ruinous + inclosure. Soon a voice is heard asking the question, "Are the sentries at + their posts?" Another voice from the extreme end replies, "All's well." + Immediately the flame of a torch, kindled near the first speaker, lighted + up hundreds of intelligent faces, all young, and the greater number of + those of men, decidedly under thirty years of age. + </p> + <p> + Here and there began now to gleam other torches, vainly struggling to + conquer the darkness of the night. The priests are never in want of spies, + and adroit spies they themselves too make. Under such circumstances it + might appear to a foreigner highly imprudent for a band of conspirators to + assemble in any part of Rome; but be it remembered deserts are to be found + in this huge city, and the Campo Vaccino covers a space in which all the + famous ruins of western Europe might be inclosed. Besides, the mercenaries + of the Church love their skins above all things, and render service more + for the sake of lucre than zeal. They are by no means willing at any time + to risk their cowardly lives. Again, there are not wanting, according to + these superstitious knaves, legions of apparitions among these remains. It + is related that once on a night like that which we are describing, two + spies more daring than their fellows, having perceived a light, proceeded + to discover the cause; but, upon penetrating the arches, they were so + terrified by the horrible phantoms which appeared, that they fled, one + dropping his cap, the other his sword, which they dared not stay to pick + up. + </p> + <p> + The phantoms were, however, no other than certain conspirators, who, on + quitting their meeting, stumbled over the property of the fugitives, and + were not a little amused when the account of the goblins in the Colosseum + was related to them by a sentinel, who had overheard the frightened spies. + Thus it happened that the haunted ruins became far more secure than the + streets of Rome, where, in truth, an honest man seldom cares to venture + out after nightfall. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IV. THE MEETING OF THE CONSPIRATORS + </h2> + <p> + The first voice heard in the midnight council was that of our + acquaintance, Attilio, who, notwithstanding his youth, had already been + appointed leader by the unanimous election his colleagues, on account of + his courage and high moral qualities, although unquestionably the charm + and refinement of his manners, joined to his kind disposition, contributed + not a little to his popularity among a people who never fail to recognize + and appreciate such characteristics. As for his personal appearance, + Attilio added the air and vigor of a lion to the masculine loveliness of + the Greek Antinous. + </p> + <p> + He first threw a glance around the assembly, to assure himself that all + present wore a black ribbon on the left arm, this being the badge of their + fraternity. It served them also as a sign of mourning for those degenerate + Romans who wish indeed for the liberation of their country, but wait for + its accomplishment by any hands rather than their own; and this, although + they know full well that her salvation can only be obtained by the blood, + the devotion, and the contributions, of their fellow-citizens. Then + Attilio spoke— + </p> + <p> + "Two months have elapsed, my brothers, since we were promised that the + foreign soldiery, the sole prop of the Papal rule, should be withdrawn; + yet they still continue to crowd our streets, and, under futile pretenses, + have even re-occupied the positions which they had previously evacuated, + in accordance with the Convention of September, 1864. To us, then, thus + betrayed, it remains to accomplish our liberty. We have borne far too + patiently for the last eighteen years a doubly execrated rule—that + of the stranger, and that of the priest. In these last years we have been + ever ready to spring to arms, but we have been withheld by the advice of a + hermaphrodite party in the State, styling themselves 'the Moderates,' in + whom we can have no longer any confidence, because they have used their + power to accumulate wealth for themselves, from the public treasury, which + they are sucking dry, and they have invariably proved themselves ready to + bargain with the stranger, and to trade in the national honor. Our friends + outside are prepared, and blame us for being negligent and tardy. The + army, excepting those members of it consecrated to base hopes, is with us. + The arms which were expected have arrived, and are lodged in safety. We + have also an abundance of ammunition. Further delay, under these + circumstances, would be unpardonable. To arms! then, to arms! and to + arms!" + </p> + <p> + "To arms!" was the cry re-echoed by the three hundred conspirators + assembled in the chamber. Where their ancestors held councils how to + subjugate other nations, these modern voices made the old walls ring again + while they vowed their resolve to emancipate enslaved Rome or perish in + the attempt. + </p> + <p> + Three hundred only! Yes, three hundred; but such was the muster-roll of + the companions of Leonidas, and of the liberating family of Fabius. These, + too, were equally willing to become liberators, or to accept martyrdom. + For this they had high reason, because of what value is the life of a + slave, when compared with the sublime conceptions, the imperious + conscience, of a soul guided always by noble ideas? + </p> + <p> + God be with all such souls, and those also who despise the power of + tyrannizing in turn over their fellow-beings. Of what value can be the + life of a despot? His miserable remorse causes him to tremble at the + movement of every leaf. No outward grandeur can atone for the mental + sufferings he endures, and he finally becomes a sanguinary and brutal + coward. May the God of love hereafter extend to them the mercy they have + denied to their fellow-men, and pardon them for the rivers of innocent + blood they have caused to flow! + </p> + <p> + But Attilio continued, "Happy indeed are we to whom Providence has + reserved the redemption of Rome, the ancient mistress of the world, after + so many centuries of oppression and priestly tyranny! I have never for a + moment, my friends, ceased to confide in your patriotism, which you are + proving by the admirable instructions bestowed upon the men committed to + your charge in the different sections of the city. In the day of battle, + which will soon arrive, you will respectively command your several + companies, and to them we shall yet owe our freedom. The priests have + changed the first of nations into one of the most abject and unhappy, and + our beloved Italy has become the very lowest in the social scale. The + lesson given by our Papal rulers has ever been one of servile humility, + while they themselves expect emperors to stoop and kiss their feet. This + is the method by which they exhibit to the world their own Christian + humility; and though they have always preached to us self-denial and + austerity of life, these hypocrites surround themselves with a profusion + of luxury and voluptuousness. Gymnastic exercises, under proper + instruction, are doubtless beneficial to the physical development of the + body; but was it for this reason that the Romans are called upon to bow + to, and kiss the hand of every priest they meet? to kneel also and go + through a series of genuflections, so that it is really no thanks to them + if the half of them are not hunch-necked or crook-backed from the absurd + performances they have been made to execute for the behoof of these + tonsured masters? + </p> + <p> + "The time for the great struggle approaches, and it is a sacred one! Not + only do we aim at freeing our beloved Italy, but at freeing the entire + world also from the incubus of the Papacy, which everywhere opposes + education, protects ignorance, and is the nurse of vice!" The address of + Attilio had hitherto been pronounced in profound darkness, but was here + suddenly interrupted by a flash of lightning, which illumined the vast <i>enciente</i> + of the Colosseum, as if it had 'suddenly been lighted by a thousand lamps. + This was succeeded by a darkness even more profound than the first, when a + terrific peal of thunder rolled over their heads and shook to its + foundations the ancient structure, silencing for a brief space Attilio's + voice. The conspirators were not men to tremble, each being prepared to + confront death in whatever form it might appear; but, as a scream was + heard issuing at this moment from the vestibule, they involuntarily + clutched their daggers. Immediately after, a young girl, with dishevelled + hair and clothes dripping with water, rushed into their midst. "Camilla!" + exclaimed Silvio, a wild boar-hunter of the Campagna, who alone of those + present recognized her. "Poor Camilla!" he cried; "to what a fate have the + miscreants who rule over us reduced you!" At this instant one of the + sentries on guard entered, reporting that they had been discovered by a + young woman during the moment of illumination, and that she had fled with + such speed no one had been able to capture her. They had not liked to fire + upon a female, and all other means of staying her were useless. But, at + the words of Silvio, the strange apparition had fixed her eyes upon him as + the torches closed about them, and, after one long glance, had uttered a + moan so piteous, and sunk down with such a sigh of woe, that all present + were moved. We will relate, however, in the following chapter, the history + of the unfortunate girl whose cries thus effectually checked our hero's + eloquence. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0005" id="link2HCH0005"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER V. THE INFANTICIDE + </h2> + <p> + Born a peasant, the unhappy Camilla had, like Italy, the fatal gift of + beauty. Silvio, who was, by vocation, as we have already said, a wild-boar + hunter, used often, in his expeditions to the Pontine Marshes, to rest at + the house of the good Marcello, the father of Camilla, whose cottage was + situated a short distance from Rome. The young pair became enamored of + each other. Silvio demanded her in marriage, and her father, giving a + willing consent, they were betrothed. + </p> + <p> + Perfectly happy and fair to look upon were this youthful pair, as they + sat, hand in hand, under the shadows of the vine, watching the gorgeous + sunsets of their native clime. This happiness, however, was not of long + duration, for, during one of his hunting expeditions, Silvio caught the + fever so common in the Pontine Marshes, and, as he continued to suffer for + some months, the marriage was indefinitely postponed. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile Camilla, who was too lovely and too innocent to dwell in safety + near this most vicious of cities, had been marked as a victim by the + emissaries of his Eminence, the Cardinal Procopio. It was her custom to + carry fruit for sale to the Piazza Navona. On one occasion she was + addressed by an old fruit-woman, previously instructed by Gianni, who + plied her with every conceivable allurement and flattery, praised her + fruit, and promised her the highest price for it at the palace of the + cardinal, if she would take it thither. The rest of the story may be too + easily imagined. In Rome this is an oft-told tale. To hide from her father + and her lover the consequences of her fall, and to suit the convenience of + the prelate, Camilla was persuaded to take up her residence in the palace + Corsini, where, soon after its birth, her miserable infant was slaughtered + by one of its father's murderous ruffians. This so preyed upon the unhappy + mother, that she lost her reason, and was secretly immured in a mad-house. + On the very night when she effected her escape this meeting was being + held, and, after wandering from place to place, for many hours, without + any fixed direction, she entered the Colosseum at the moment it was + illumined by the lightning, as we have related. That flash disclosed the + sentries at the archway, and she rushed towards them, obeying some + instinct of safety, or at least perceiving that they were not clothed in + the garb of a priest; but they, taking her for a spy, ran forward to make + her prisoner. Thereupon, seemingly possessed of supernatural strength, she + glided from their hands, and finally eluded their pursuit by running + rapidly into the centre of the building, where she fell exhausted in the + midst of the three hundred, at the foot of her outraged and ashamed lover. + </p> + <p> + "It is, indeed, time," said Attilio, when Silvio had related the maniac's + story, to purge our city from this priestly ignominy; and drawing forth + his dagger, brandished it above his head, as he exclaimed, "Accursed is + the Roman who does not feel the degradation of his country, and who is not + willing to bathe his sword in the blood of these monsters, who humiliate + it, and turn its very soil into a sink." + </p> + <p> + "<i>Accursed! accursed be they!</i>" echoed back from the old walls, while + the sound of dagger-blades tinkling together made an ominous music + dedicated to the corrupt and licentious rulers of Rome. + </p> + <p> + Then Attilio turned to Silvio, and said, "This child is more sinned + against than sinning; she requires and deserves protection. You, who are + so generous, will not refuse it to her." + </p> + <p> + And Silvio was, indeed, generous, for he still loved his wretched Camilla, + who at sight of him had become docile as a lamb. He raised her, and, + enveloping her in his mantle, led her out of the Colosseum towards her + father's dwelling. + </p> + <p> + "Comrades," shouted Attilio, "meet me on the 15th at the Baths of + Caracalla. Be ready to use your arms if need be." + </p> + <p> + "We will be ready! we will be ready!" responded heartily the three + hundred, and in a few moments the ruins were left to their former obscure + and fearful solitude. + </p> + <p> + What a wild, improbable story, methinks we hear some of our readers + remark, as they sit beside their safe coal fires in free England or the + United States. But Popery has not been dominant in England since James + II.'s time, and they I have forgotten it. Let them hear that in the year + 1848, when a Republican government was established in France, which was + the signal of a general revolutionary movement throughout Europe, the + present Pope was forced to escape in the disguise of a menial, and a + national government granted, for the first time in Rome, religious + toleration, one of the first orders of the Roman republic was that the + nuns should be liberated, and the convents searched. Guiseppe Garibaldi, + in 1849, then recently arrived in Rome, visited himself every convent, and + was present during the whole of the investigations. In all, without an + exception, he found instruments of torture; and in all, without an + exception, were vaults, plainly dedicated to the reception of the bones of + infants. Statistics prove that in no city is there so great a number of + children born out of wedlock as in Rome; and it is in Rome also that the + greatest number of infanticides take place. + </p> + <p> + This must ever be the case with a wealthy unmarried priesthood and a poor + and <i>ignorant</i> population. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0006" id="link2HCH0006"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VI. THE ARREST + </h2> + <p> + We took leave of Manlio at the moment when Gianni had delivered his + master's message. The sculptor acceded to the Cardinal's request, and, + after an interview with him, proceeded to execute the order for the + statuettes. For some days nothing occurred to excite suspicion, and things + seemed to be going on smoothly enough. From the room which Gianni had + hired Cencio watched the artist incessantly, all the while carefully + maturing his plot. At last, one evening, when our sculptor was hard at + work, Cencio broke into the studio, exclaiming excitedly, "For the love of + God, permit me to remain here a little while! I am pursued by the police, + who wish to arrest me. I assure you I am guilty of no crime, except that + of being a liberal, and of having declared, in a moment of anger, that the + overthrow of the Republic by the French was an assassination." So saying, + Cencio made as though to conceal himself behind some statuary. + </p> + <p> + "These are hard times," soliloquized Manlio, "and little confidence can be + placed in any body; yet, how can I drive out one compromised by his + political opinions only—thereby, perhaps, adding to the number of + those unfortunates now lingering in the priests' prisons? He looks a + decent fellow, and would have a better chance of effecting his escape if + he remained here till nightfall. Yes! he shall stay." Manlio, therefore, + rose, and, beckoning to the supposed fugitive, bade him follow to the end + of the studio, where he secreted him carefully behind some massive blocks + of marble, little dreaming that he harbored a traitor. + </p> + <p> + Manlio had scarcely resumed his occupation before a patrol stopped before + the door and demanded permission to make a domiciliary visit, as a + suspected person had been seen to enter the house. + </p> + <p> + Poor Manlio endeavored to put aside the suspicions of the officer, so far + as he could do so without compromising his veracity, and, little divining + the trap into which he had fallen, attempted to lead him in a direction + opposite to that in which the crafty Cencio had taken refuge. The patrol, + being in league with Cencio, felt, of course, quite certain of his + presence on the premises, but some few minutes elapsed before he succeeded + in discovering the carefully-chosen hiding-place; and the interval would + have been longer had not Cencio stealthily put out his hand and pulled + him, the sbirro, gently by the coat as he passed. The functionary paused + suddenly, exclaiming with an affected tone of triumph, "Ah! I have you!" + then, turning upon Manlio, he seized the artist by the collar, saying, in + the sternest of tones, "you must accompany me forthwith to the tribunal, + and account for your crime in giving shelter to this miscreant, who is in + open rebellion against the government of his Holiness." + </p> + <p> + Manlio, utterly beside himself, in the first burst of indignation, cast + his eye around among the chisels, hammers, and other tools for something + suitable with which to crack the skull of his insulter; but at this moment + his wife, followed by the lovely Clelia, rushed into the apartment to + ascertain the cause of so unwonted a disturbance. They trembled at the + sight of their beloved one in the grasp of the hated police-officer, who + cunningly relaxed his hold, and said, in a very different voice, as soon + as he perceived them, "Be of courage, signor, and console these good + ladies; your presence will be needed for a short time only. A few + questions will be asked, to which undoubtedly you can give satisfactory + replies." + </p> + <p> + In vain did the terrified women expostulate. Finding their tears and + remonstrances of no avail, they reluctantly let go their hold of the + unhappy Manlio, whom they had clasped in their terror. He, disdaining any + appeal to the courtesy of such a scoundrel as he knew the patrol to be, + waved them an adieu, and departed with a dignified air. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0007" id="link2HCH0007"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VII. THE LEGACY + </h2> + <p> + The Roman Republic, established by the unanimous and legitimate votes of + the people, elected General Garibaldi, on the 30th June, legal guardian of + the rights of the people, and conferred upon him the executive power of + the State, which the Triumvirate resigned into his hands. This national + government was overthrown by foreign bayonets, after a most heroic + struggle for freedom. The first act of General Oudinot was to send a + French colonel to lay the keys of the city at the feet of the Pope. + </p> + <p> + Thus was the power of the priests restored, and they returned to all their + former tyranny and luxury. + </p> + <p> + These worthy teachers, when preaching to the Roman women about the glory + of Heaven, impress upon them that they, and they only, have power to give + free entrance into eternal bliss. To liberate these misguided beings from + superstition, and rescue them from the deceit of their so-called "reverend + fathers," is the question of life or death to Italy; this, in fact, is the + only way in which to work out the deliverance of our country. Many will + tell you there are good priests. But a priest, to become really good, must + discard that wicked livery which he wears. Is it not the uniform of the + promoters of brigandage over the half of Italy? Has it not marched as a + pioneer-garb before every stranger that ever visited our country? + </p> + <p> + The priests, by their continual impostures and crafty abuse of the + ignorance and consequent superstition of the people, have acquired great + riches. Those who endeavor to retard our progress make a distinction + between the temporal power, which should be combated, and the spiritual + power, which should be respected; as if Antonelli, Schiatone, and Crocco, + were spiritual ushers, by whom the souls of men should hope to be + conducted into the presence of the Eternal. There are two chief sources of + their wealth. Firstly, they exact a revenue for repentance, as the + vicegerents of God upon earth, as such, claiming power to pardon all sin. + A rich but credulous man may thus commit any crime he chooses with + impunity, knowing that he has the means of securing absolution, and + believing implicitly that, by rendering up a portion of his treasure or + profit to the clergy, he will have no difficulty in escaping the wrath to + come. + </p> + <p> + The next source of wealth is the tax upon the agonies of death.. At the + bedside of the sick, by threats of purgatory and eternal perdition, they + frighten their unhappy victims into bequeathing to Mother Church enormous + legacies, if, indeed, they do not succeed in getting absolute possession + of the whole of their estates, to the detriment of the legal heirs, who + are not unfrequently in this manner reduced to beggary. Look, for + instance, at the island of Sicily: one-half of that country now belongs to + the priesthood, or various orders of monks. + </p> + <p> + But, to our tale. One evening, about nine o'clock, in the month of + December, a thing in black might have been seen traversing the Piazza of + the Rotunda—that magnificent monument of antiquity—every + column a perfect work, worth its weight in silver—which the priests + have perverted from sublime memories to their cunning uses. It was a + figure which would have made a man shudder involuntarily, though he were + one of the thousand of Calatifimi; enveloped in a black sottana—the + covering of a heart still blacker, the heart of a demon, and one that + contemplated the committal of a crime which only a priest would conceive + or execute. A priest it was, and he made his stealthy path to the gateway + of the house of Pompeo, where he paused a moment before knocking to gain + admittance, casting glances around, to assure himself no one was in sight, + as if he feared his guilty secret would betray itself, or as if pausing to + add even to ecclesiastical wickedness a sin so cruel as he was meditating. + He knocked at last. The door opened, and the porter, recognizing the + "Reverend Father Ignazio," saluted him respectfully, and lighted him, as + he entered, a few steps up the staircase of one of the richest residences + of the city. + </p> + <p> + "Where is Sister Flavia?" demanded the priest of the first servant who + came forward to meet him. + </p> + <p> + "At the bedside of my dying mistress," replied Siccio, in a constrained + voice, for, being a true Roman, he had little sympathy for "the birds of + ill-omen," as he profanely styled the reverend fathers. + </p> + <p> + Father Ignazio, knowing the house well, hurried on to the sick-room, at + the door of which he gently tapped, requesting admittance in a peculiar + tone. An elderly, sour-looking nun opened the door quickly, and with a + significant expression on her evil countenance as her eyes sought those of + the priest. + </p> + <p> + "Is all over?" whispered he, as he advanced towards the bed on which the + expiring patient lay. + </p> + <p> + "Not yet," was the equally low reply. + </p> + <p> + Ignazio thereupon, without another word, took a small vial from under his + sottana, and emptied the contents into a glass. With the assistance of the + nun he raised his victim, and poured the deadly fluid down her throat, + letting the head fall heavily back upon the pillows, whilst a complacent + smile spread itself over his diabolical features as, after one gasp, the + jaw fell. He then retired to a small table at the end of the apartment, + where he seated himself, followed by Sister Flavia, who stealthily drew a + paper from her dress and handed it to him. + </p> + <p> + Father Ignazio seized the paper with a trembling hand, and after perusing + it with an anxious air, as if to convince himself that it was indeed the + accomplishment of his desires, he thrust it into his breast, muttering, + with an emphatic nod, "You shall be rewarded, my good Flavia." + </p> + <p> + That paper was the last will and testament of the Signora Virginia Pompeo, + the mother of the brave Emilio Pompeo, who perished fighting on the walls + of Rome, whence he fell, mortally wounded by a French bullet. His + inconsolable widow did not long survive him, and committed, with her last + breath, her infant son to the care of his doting grandmother, La Signora + Virginia Pompeo, who tenderly cherished the orphan Muzio, the only + remaining scion of the noble house of Pompeo. But, unhappily for him, + Father Ignazio was her confessor. When the signora's health began to fail, + and her mind to be weakened, the wily Father spared no means to convince + her that she ought to make her will, and, as a sacred duty, to leave a + large sum to be spent in masses for the release of souls from purgatory. + The signora lingering for some time, the covetous priest felt his desires + grow, and resolved to destroy this first will, and obtain another, + purporting to leave the whole of her immense estates to the corporation of + St. Francesco di Paola, and appoint himself as her sole executor. This + document he prepared and intrusted to Sister Flavia, whom he had already + recommended to the Signora Virginia as a suitable attendant. One morning + she dispatched a hurried message to the confessor, reporting that the + favorable time for signing the fraudulent document had arrived. He came, + attended by witnesses, whom he had had no difficulty in procuring, and, + after persuading the sinking and agonized lady that she ought to add a + codicil to her will (which he pretended then and there to draw up) leaving + a still larger sum to the Church, he guided her feeble hand as she + unconsciously signed away the whole of her property, leaving her helpless + grandson to beggary. As if to jeopardise his scheme, the signora rallied + towards the afternoon, whereupon, fearing she might ask to see the will, + and so discover his treachery, Father Ignazio resolved to make such an + undesirable occurrence impossible, by administering an effective potion, + which he set off to procure, wisely deferring his return till nightfall. + </p> + <p> + The result has been already disclosed; and while the false priest wrought + this murder, the unconscious orphan, Muzio, slept peacefully in his little + bed, still adorned with hangings wrought by a loving mother's hands, to + awake on the morrow ignorant of his injury, but robbed of his guardian and + goods together—stripped of all, and forthwith dependent on chance—a + friendless and beggared boy. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0008" id="link2HCH0008"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VIII. THE MENDICANT + </h2> + <p> + Eighteen years had rolled by since the horrible murder of La Signora + Virginia related in the last chapter. On the same piazza which Father + Ignazio had traversed that dark night stood a mendicant, leaning moodily, + yet not without a certain grace, against a column. It was February, and + the beggar lad was apparently watching the setting sun. The lower part of + his face was carefully concealed in his cloak, but from the little that + could be discerned of it, it seemed decidedly handsome; one of those noble + countenances, in fact, that once seen, impresses its features indelibly on + the beholder's memory. A well-formed Roman nose was well set between two + eyes of dazzling blue; eyes that could look tender or stem, according to + the possessor's mood. The shoulders, even under the cloak, showed grandly, + and could belong only to a strength which it would be dangerous to insult, + or rashly attack. Poor as its garb was, such a figure would be eagerly + desired by a sculptor who sought to portray a young Latin athlete. + </p> + <p> + A slight touch upon the shoulder caused the young mendicant to turn + sharply; but his brow cleared as he welcomed, with a beaming smile, + Attilio's familiar face, and heard him saying, in a lively tone, "Ah! art + thou here, brother?" And although no tie of blood was between them, + Attilio and Muzio might, indeed, have been mistaken for brothers, their + nobility of feature and brave young Roman bearing being so much alike. + </p> + <p> + "Art thou armed?" inquired Attilio. + </p> + <p> + "Armed!" repeated Muzio, somewhat disdainfully. "Assuredly; is not my + poniard my inheritance, my only patrimony? I love it as well as thou + lov'st thy Clelia, or I mine own. But love, forsooth," continued he, more + bitterly; "what right to love has a beggar—an outcast from society? + Who would believe that rags could cover a heart bursting with the pangs of + a true passion?" + </p> + <p> + "Still," replied Attilio, confidently, "I think that pretty stranger does, + in truth, love thee." + </p> + <p> + Muzio remained silent, and his former gloomy expression returned; but + Attilio, seeing a storm arising in his friend's soul, and wishing to avert + it, took him by the hand, saying gently, "Come." + </p> + <p> + The young outcast followed without proffering a word. Night was rapidly + closing in, the foot passengers were gradually decreasing in number, and + few footfalls, except those of the foreign patrols, broke the silence that + was stealing over the city. + </p> + <p> + The priests are always early to leave the streets—they love to enjoy + the goods of this world at home after preaching about the glories of the + next, and care little to trust their skins in Rome after dark. May the day + soon come when these mercenary cut-throats are dispensed with! + </p> + <p> + "We shall be quit of them, and that before long," answered Attilio + hopefully, as they descended the Quirinal, now called Monte Cavallo, the + site of the famous horses in stone, <i>chefs-d'ouvre</i> of Grecian art. + </p> + <p> + Pausing between two of these gigantic effigies, the young artist took from + his pocket a flint and steel and struck a light, the signal agreed upon + between him and the three hundred, some of whom had agreed to help him in + a bold attempt to release Manlio from his unlawful imprisonment. + </p> + <p> + The signal was answered immediately from the extreme end of the Piazza; + the two young men advanced towards it, and were met by a soldier belonging + to a detachment on guard at the palace, who conducted them through a + half-concealed doorway near the principal entrance, up a narrow flight of + stairs into a small room generally used by the commander of the guard; + here he left them, and another soldier stepped forward to receive the + pair, who, after placing chairs for them at a table, on which burned an + oil-lamp, flanked by two or three bottles and some glasses, seated + himself. + </p> + <p> + "Let us drink a glass of Orvieto, my friends," said the soldier; "it will + do us more good on a bitter night like this than the Holy Father's + blessing," handing them each, as he spoke, a goblet filled to the brim. + </p> + <p> + "Success to your enterprise!" cried Muzio. + </p> + <p> + "Amen," responded Attilio, as he took a deep draught. "So Manlio has been + brought here," said he, addressing Dentato, the sergeant of dragoons, for + such was the name of their military friend.. + </p> + <p> + "Yes; he was locked up last night in one of our secret cells, as if he had + been the most dangerous of criminals, poor innocent! I hear he is to be + removed shortly," added Dentato, "to the Castle of St. Angelo." + </p> + <p> + "Do you know by whose order he was arrested?" inquired Attilio. + </p> + <p> + "By the order of ins Eminence the Cardinal Procopio, it is said, who is + anxious, doubtless, to remove all impediments likely to frustrate his + designs upon the Pearl of Trastevere." + </p> + <p> + As Dentato uttered these words, a sudden tremor shook the frame of + Attilio. "And at what hour shall we make the attempt to liberate him?" he + hissed, as his hand clenched his dagger. + </p> + <p> + "Liberate him! Why, we are too few," the soldier replied. + </p> + <p> + "Not so," continued Attilio. "Silvio has given his word that he will be + here shortly with ten of our own, and then we shall have no difficulty in + dealing with these sbirri and monks." After a pause, Dentato responded, + "Well, as you are, then, determined to attempt his release to-night, we + had better wait a few hours, when jailers and director will be asleep, or + under the influence of their liquor. My lieutenant is, fortunately, + detained by a delicate affair at a distance, so we will try it if your + friend turns up." Before he could well finish his speech, however, Dentato + was interrupted by the entrance of the guard left at the gate, announcing + the arrival of Silvio. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0009" id="link2HCH0009"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IX. THE LIBERATOR + </h2> + <p> + Before continuing my story I must remark upon one of the most striking + facts in Rome—viz., the conduct and bravery of the Roman soldiery. + </p> + <p> + Even the Papal troops have a robust and martial air, and retain an + individual worth of character to an astonishing degree. In the defense of + Rome, all the Roman artillerymen (observe, all) were killed at their guns, + and a reserve of the wounded, a thing unheard of before, bleeding though + they were, continued to fight manfully until cut down by the sabres of + their foes. On the 3d of June the streets were choked with mutilated men, + and amongst the many combats after the city was taken, between the Roman + soldiery and the foreigners, there did not occur one example where the + Romans had the worst of it in any thing like fair fight. + </p> + <p> + Of one point, therefore, the priesthood is certain—that in every + case of general insurrection the Roman army will go with the people. This + is the reason they are compelled to hire foreign mercenaries, and why the + revenues of the "Vicegerent of Heaven" are spent upon Zouaves, Remington + rifles, cartridges, and kilos of gunpowder. + </p> + <p> + Silvio was received by the triad with exclamations of joy. After saluting + them, he turned to Attilio, saying, "Our men are at hand. I have left them + hidden in the shadows cast by the marble horses. They but await our + signal." + </p> + <p> + Then Attilio sprang up, saying, "Muzio and I will go at once to the + jailer, and secure the keys. You, Dentato, guide Silvia and his men to the + door of the cell, and overpower the guard stationed before it." + </p> + <p> + "So be it," replied Dentato; "Scipio (the dragoon who had introduced + Silvio) shall lead you to the jailer's room; but beware Signor Pancaldo, + he is a devil of a fellow to handle." + </p> + <p> + "Leave me to manage him," replied Attilio, and he hastily left the + apartment, preceded by Scipio and Muzio. Such an attempt as they were + about to make would be a more difficult, if not an incredible thing, in + any other country, where more respect is attached to Government and its + officers. In Rome little obedience is due to a Government which, alas, is + opposed to all that is pure and true. + </p> + <p> + Dentato, after summoning Silvio's men, led them to the guards stationed at + the entrance to the cells. Silvio waited until the sentinel turned his + back upon them, then, springing forward with the agility that made him so + successful when pursuing the wild boar, he hurled the sentinel to the + ground, covering his mouth with his hand to stifle any cry of alarm. The + slight scuffle aroused the sleepy questor-guard, but before they could + even rub their eyes, Silvio's men had gagged and bound them. As they + accomplished this, Attilio appeared with Muzio, convoying the reluctant + jailer and his bunch of keys between them. + </p> + <p> + "Open!" commanded Attilio. + </p> + <p> + The jailer obeyed with forced alacrity, whereupon they entered a large + vaulted room, out of which opened, on every side, doors leading to + separate cells. At sight of them, a soldier, the only inmate visible, + approached with a perplexed air. + </p> + <p> + "Where is Signor Manlio?" demanded Antilio; and Pancaldo felt the grip of + the young artist clutch his wrist like iron, and noticed his right hand + playing terribly with the dagger-hilt. + </p> + <p> + "Manlio is here," said he. + </p> + <p> + "Then release him," cried Attilio. + </p> + <p> + The terrified jailer attempted to turn the key, but some minutes passed + before his trembling hands allowed him to effect this. Attilio, pushing + him aside as the bolts shot back, dashed open the door, and called to + Manlio to come forth. + </p> + <p> + Picture the sculptor's astonishment and joy when he beheld Attilio, and + realized that he had come to release him from his cruel and unjust + incarceration. Attilio, knowing they ought to lose no time in leaving the + palace, after returning his friend's embrace, bade Muzio lock up the guard + in the cell. As soon as this was accomplished, they led the jailer between + them through the passages, passing on their way the soldiers whom they had + previously bound, who glared upon them with impotent rage, till they + gained the outer door in silence and safety. Dividing into groups, they + set off at a quick pace, in different directions. Attilio, Muzio, and + Manlio, however, retained possession a little while of the jailer, whom + they made to promenade, gagged and blindfolded, until they thought their + companions were at a safe distance. They then left him, and proceeded in + the direction of the Porta Salaria, which leads into the open country. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0010" id="link2HCH0010"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER X. THE ORPHAN + </h2> + <p> + At the hour when Silvio, with despair in his soul, led the unhappy Camilla + out of the Colosseum towards her father's house, not a word passed between + them. He regarded her with tender pity, having loved her ardently, and + feeling that she was comparatively innocent, being, as she was, the victim + of deception and violence. + </p> + <p> + Onward they went in silence and sadness. Silvio had abstained from + visiting her home since it was so suddenly deserted by Camilla, and as + they neared it a presentiment of new sorrowing took possession of him. + Turning out of the high road into a lane, their meditations were broken in + upon by the barking of a dog. "Fido! Fido!" cried Camilla, with more + joyousness than she had experienced for many many months; but, as if + remembering suddenly her abasement, she checked her quickened step, and, + casting down her eyes, stood motionless, overwhelmed with shame. Silvio + had loved her too dearly even to hate her for her guilt. Or if he had ever + felt bitterly against her, her sudden appearance that night, wild with + remorse and misery, had brought back something of the old feeling, and he + would have defended her against a whole army. He had therefore sustained + her very tenderly through the walk from the Colosseum, and had been full + of generous thoughts, although silent; while she, timidly leaning on his + strong arm, had now and then learned by a timid glance, that he was + pitying and not abominating her by that silence. + </p> + <p> + But when she stopped and trembled at the sound of the house-dog's bark, + Silvio, fearing a return of a paroxysm of madness, touched her arm, + saying, for the first time, "Come, Camilla, it is your little Fido + welcoming you; he has recognized your footstep." + </p> + <p> + Scarcely had he uttered these words before the dog itself appeared. After + pausing a moment in his rush, as if uncertain, he sprang towards Camilla, + barking, and jumping, and making frantic efforts to lick her face and + hands. Such a reception would have touched a heart of stone. + </p> + <p> + Camilla burst into tears as she stooped to caress the affectionate animal; + but nature was exhausted, and she fell senseless on the damp ground. + Silvio, after covering her with his mantle, to protect her from the cold + morning air—for the dawn had already begun to break—went to + seek her father. + </p> + <p> + The barking of the dog had aroused the household, so that the young hunter + perceived, as he approached, a boy standing on the threshold, looking + cautiously around, as if distrusting so early a visitor. + </p> + <p> + "Marcellino," he shouted; whereat the boy, recognizing the friendly + familiar voice, ran to him, and threw his arms around his neck. + </p> + <p> + "Where is your godfather, my boy?" Silvio asked; but receiving no response + save tears, he said again, "Where is Marcello?" + </p> + <p> + "He is dead," replied the sobbing child. "Dead!" exclaimed Silvio, sinking + upon a stone, overcome with surprise and emotion. Very soon the tears + rolled down his masculine cheeks, and mingled with those of the child, who + lay upon his bosom. + </p> + <p> + "O God!" he cried aloud; "canst thou permit the desires of a monster to + cause such suffering to so many and to such precious human creatures? Did + I not feel the hope that the day of my beloved country's release from + priestly tyranny is at hand I would plunge my dagger into my breast, and + not endure to see this daylight break!" Recovering himself with a violent + effort, he returned, accompanied by Marcellino, to Camilla, whom he found + in an uneasy sleep. "Poor girl, poor ruined orphan," murmured Silvio, as + he gazed upon her pale and wasted beauty; "why should I arouse you? You + will but awake too soon to a life of tears, misery, and vain repentance!" + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0011" id="link2HCH0011"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XI. THE FLIGHT + </h2> + <p> + We left Attilio, Silvio, and Manlio on their way to the suburbs. Attilio + had determined that the house lately tenanted by poor Marcello, and still + inhabited by Camilla, would be a safe hiding-place for the liberated + sculptor, who could scarcely be prevailed upon not to return at once to + his own home, so great was his desire to behold his cherished wife and + daughter. + </p> + <p> + As they trudged on, each busy with his own thoughts, Attilio turned over + in his mind the visit of Gianni to the studio, for the information + Sergeant Dentato had given him relative to the arrest confirmed his + suspicion that the Cardinal was plotting villainy against his Clelia. + After some reflection, he concluded to impart his suspicion to Manlio, + who, when he had recovered from his first surprise and horror, declared + his belief that Attilio's surmises were correct, and that it was necessary + at once to hasten home in order to preserve his darling from infamy. + </p> + <p> + Attilio, however, aided by Muzio, at last prevailed upon him to conceal + himself, promising to go and inform the ladies of the designs against them + as soon as he had placed the father in safety. + </p> + <p> + Attilio, in truth, though so young, had the talent of influencing and + guiding those with whom he came in contact, and the soundness of his + judgment was frequently acknowledged, even by men advanced in years. + Reluctantly, Manlio felt that he could not do better than to intrust the + care of his dear ones to this generous youth. + </p> + <p> + The day was beginning to dawn as they neared the cottage at the end of the + lane, and, just as on the occasion of Camilla's return on the night of the + meeting, Fido barked furiously at their approach. At Silvio's voice, the + dog was quieted instantly, and again Marcellino met him at the door. + Silvio, after saluting the lad, asked where Camilla was. "I will show + you," was the answer, and leading the way, he took them to an eminence + near the cottage, from which they beheld, at a little distance, a + cemetery. "She is there," said Marcellino, pointing with his finger; "she + passes all her time, from morn till eve, at her father's grave, praying + and weeping. You will find her there, at all hours, now." Silvio, without + a word to his companions, who followed slowly, strode on towards the spot + indicated, which was close by, and soon came in view of Camilla, clad in + deep mourning, kneeling beside a mound of newly-turned earth. + </p> + <p> + She was so absorbed, that the approach of the three friends was + unperceived. Silvio, deeply moved, watched her, without daring to speak, + and neither of the others broke the silence. Presently she rose, and + clasping her hands in agony, cried bitterly, "Oh, my father, my father, I + was the cause of your death!" "Camilla," whispered Silvio, coming close + up. She turned, and gazing at them with a sweet but vacant smile, as if + her lover's face brought her sin-comprehended comfort, passed on in the + direction of her home, for the poor girl had not yet regained her reason. + </p> + <p> + Silvio touched her on the arm, as he overtook her, saying, "See Camilla, I + have brought you a visitor, and if any one should ask who this gentleman + is, tell them he is an antiquary who is studying the ruins around Rome." + This was the rôle which Attilio had persuaded Manlio to play, until some + plan for the future had been formed. After a short consultation, as to the + precautions they were to observe, Attilio bade them farewell, and returned + to the city alone, leaving behind him, with many a thought of pity and + stern indignation, this father's humble household, devastated by the + devices of the foul priest. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0012" id="link2HCH0012"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XII. THE PETITION + </h2> + <p> + We must return to the sculptor's domicile, where two days had elapsed + after the arrest of Manlio, nor had Attilio who was gone in search of him, + as yet appeared, so that the family were reduced to the greatest anxiety. + </p> + <p> + "What can they be doing with your good father?" repeated constantly the + weeping mother to her daughter. "He has never mixed with any one whose + principles would compromise him, although a Liberal. He hates the priests, + I know, and they deserve to be hated for their vices, but he has never + talked about it to any one but me." + </p> + <p> + Clelia shed no tears, but her grief at her father's detention was almost + deeper than that of her mother, and at last, saddened by these plaints, + she said, with energy, "Weep no more, mother, tears are of no avail; we + must act We must discover where my father is concealed, and, as Monna + Aurelia has advised, we must endeavor to procure his release. Besides, + Attilio is in search of him, and I know he will not desist until he has + helped him and us, if he have not already done so." + </p> + <p> + A knock interrupted Clelia's consolatory words. She ran to the door, and + opening it, admitted a neighbor, whose name has been mentioned, Monna + Aurelia, and old and tried friend. + </p> + <p> + "Good day," said she, as she entered the sitting-room with a cheerful + countenance. + </p> + <p> + "Good day," answered Silvia, with a faint smile, wiping her eyes. + </p> + <p> + "I bring you something, neighbor; our friend Cassio, whom I consulted + about your husband's affairs, has drawn up this petition on stamped paper, + supplicating the cardinal minister to set Manlio at liberty. He says you + must sign it, and had better present it in person to his Eminence." + </p> + <p> + Silvia took the paper, and looked at it doubtfully. She felt a strong + aversion to this proposition. Could she throw herself at the feet of a + person whom she despised to implore his mercy? Yet perhaps her husband's + life was at stake; he might even now be suffering insults, privations, + even torture. This thought struck a chill to the heart of the wife, and, + rising, she said decidedly, "I will go with it." + </p> + <p> + Aurelia offered to accompany her, and in less than half an hour the three + women were on the road to the palace. + </p> + <p> + At nine o'clock that same morning, as it happened, the Cardinal Procopio, + Minister of State, had been informed by the questor of the Quirinal of + Manlio's escape. + </p> + <p> + Great was the fury of the prelate at the unwelcome news, and he commanded + the immediate arrest and confinement of the directors, officers on guard, + dragoons, and of all, in fact, who had been in charge of the prison on the + previous night. + </p> + <p> + Dispatching the questor with this order, he summoned Gianni to his + presence. + </p> + <p> + "Why, in the devil's name, was that accursed sculptor confined in the + Quirinal, instead of being sent to the Castle of St. Angelo?" he inquired. + </p> + <p> + "Your Eminence," replied Gianni, conceitedly, "should have intrusted such + important affairs to me, and not to a set of idiots and rascals who are + open to corruption." + </p> + <p> + "Dost thou come here to annoy me by reflections, sirrah?" blustered the + priest. "Search in that turnip head of thine for means to bring the girl + to me, or the palace cellars shall hear thee squeak thy self-praise to the + tune of the cord or the pincers." + </p> + <p> + Gianni, knowing that these fearful threats were not vain ones, and that, + incredible as it may appear to outsiders, tortures too horrible to + describe daily take place in the Rome of the present day, meekly submitted + to the storm. With downcast head, the mutilated wretch—for he was + one of those maimed from their youth to sing falsettos in the choir of St. + Peter—pondered how to act. + </p> + <p> + "Lift up thine eyes, knave, if thou darest, and tell me whether or no, + after causing me to spend such pains and money in this attempt, thou hast + the hope to succeed?" + </p> + <p> + Tremblingly Gianni raised his eyes to his master's face as he articulated + with difficulty the words, "I hope to succeed." + </p> + <p> + But just as he spoke, to his considerable relief, a bell rang, announcing + the arrival of a visitor. 'A servant in the Cardinal's colors entered, and + inquired if his Eminence would be pleased to see three women who wished to + present a petition. + </p> + <p> + The Cardinal, waving his dismissal to the still agitated Gianni, gave a + nod of assent, and assumed an unctuous expression, as the three women were + ushered into his presence. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0013" id="link2HCH0013"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XIII. THE BEAUTIFUL STRANGER + </h2> + <p> + Rome is the museum of the fine arts, the curiosity-shop of the world. + There are collected the ruins of the ancient societies, temples, columns, + statues, the remains of Italian and Grecian genius, <i>chefs-d'ouvre</i> + of Praxiteles, Phidias, Raphael, Michael Angelo, and a hundred masters. + Fountains, from which arise marine colossi, chiefly, alas, in ruins, meet + the eye on all sides. The stranger is struck with amazement and admiration + at the sight of these gigantic works of art, upon many of which are + engraved the mighty battles of a wonderful by-gone age. It is not the + fault of the priest if their beauty is not marred by endless mitres and + superstitious signs. But they are still marvellous and beautiful, and it + was among them that Julia, the beautiful daughter of Albion, was + constantly to be found. She had resided for several years in this city of + sublime memorials, and daily passed the greater part of her time in + sketching all that to her cultivated taste appeared most worthy of + imitation and study. Michael Angelo was her especially favored <i>maestro</i>, + and she might frequently be seen sitting for hours before his colossal + statue of Moses, rapt in the labor of depicting that brow, upon which, to + her vivid imagination, sat an air of majestic greatness that appeared + almost supernatural. Born and bred in free and noble England, she had + separated herself voluntarily from loving and beloved friends, that she + might thus wander undisturbed among the objects of her idolatry. + Unexpectedly, her pursuits had been interrupted by a stronger feeling than + art. She had encountered Muzio many times in the studio of the sculptor + Manlio, and, poor and apparently low as he was, Julia had found under the + ragged garb of a mendicant her ideal of the proud race of the Quirites. + </p> + <p> + Yes, obscure though he was, Muzio was beloved by this strange English + girl. He was poor, but what cared she for his poverty. + </p> + <p> + And Muzio, did he know and return this generous love? + </p> + <p> + Yes, in truth; but, although he would have given his life to save hers, he + concealed all consciousness of her interest, and allowed not a single + action to betray it, though he longed fervently for occasion to render her + some trifling service, and the opportunity came. As Julia was returning + from Manlio's studio, some few days before his arrest, accompanied by her + faithful old nurse, two drunken soldiers rushed upon her from a by-way, + and dragged her between them some little distance, before Muzio, who + secretly kept her in view during such transits, could come to her succor. + No sooner had he reached them, than he struck one ruffian to the earth, + seeing which, his fellow ran away. The terrified Julia thanked him with + natural emotion, and besought him not to leave them until they reached + their own door. Muzio gladly accepted the delicious honor of the escort, + and felt supremely happy when, at their parting, Julia gave him the favor + of her hand, and rewarded him with a priceless smile. From this evening + Muzio's dagger was consecrated to her safety, and he vowed that never + again should she be insulted in the streets of Rome. + </p> + <p> + It befell that the same day upon which Silvia went to the palace Corsini + to present her petition, Julia was paying one of her visits to the studio. + Arriving there, she was informed by a lad in attendance of all that had + occurred. Whilst pondering over the ominous tale, Attilio entered in quest + of the ladies, and from him the English girl learned the particulars of + Manlio's escape. His narration finished, Julia, in turn, recounted to him + the views that the youth had imparted to her concerning the presentation + of the petition. + </p> + <p> + Attilio was much distressed, and could with difficulty be restrained from + going directly to the palace in search of Silvia and her daughter. This + would have been very imprudent, and therefore Julia offered, as she had + access at all times to the palace, to go to the Cardinal's house, and + ascertain the cause of the now prolonged absence of the mother and + daughter, promising to return and tell him the result. + </p> + <p> + Attilio, thoroughly spent with excitement and fatigue, yielded to + Spartaco's invitation to take some rest, whilst the boy related to him the + particulars of what had passed since he left them to carry out the rescue + of his friend. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0014" id="link2HCH0014"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XIV. SICCIO + </h2> + <p> + Let us return to the year 1849, to the fatal scene in which the young + Muzio was robbed of his patrimony. + </p> + <p> + There was an old retainer named Siccio, already introduced, who had served + longer in the house of Pompeo than any other; he had, in fact, been born + in it, and had received very many acts of kindness there. These benefits + he repaid by faithful love to the orphan Muzio, whom he regarded almost as + tenderly as if he had in reality been his own child. He was good, and + rather simple, but not so much so as to be blind to the pernicious + influence which Father Ignazio had acquired over his indulgent mistress, + and which he feared would be used to the injury of her grandchild. + </p> + <p> + But the guardian of souls, the spiritual physician, the confessor of the + lady of the house! what servant would dare openly to doubt him, or cross + his path? Confession, that terrible arm, of priestcraft, that diabolical + device for seduction, that subtle means of piercing the most sacred + domestic secrets, and keeping in chains the superstitious sex! Siccio + dared not openly fight against such weapons. + </p> + <p> + The confessor was, however, aware of the good servant's mistrust, and + therefore caused him to be discharged a few days after the Signora + Virginia breathed her last, though not before he had overheard a certain + dialogue between Father Ignazio and Sister Flavia. + </p> + <p> + "What is to be done with the child?" the nun had asked. + </p> + <p> + "He must pack off to the Foundling," replied he; "there he will be safe + enough from the evil of this perverted century and its heretical + doctrines. Besides, we shall have no difficulty in keeping an eye upon + him," he continued, with a meaning look, which she returned, causing + Siccio, who was unseen, to prick up his ears. + </p> + <p> + He straightway resolved not to leave the innocent and helpless child in + the hands of these fiends, and contrived a few nights after his dismissal + to obtain an entrance to the house by the excuse that he had left some of + his property behind. Watching his opportunity he stole into the nursery, + where he found the neglected child huddled in a corner crying with cold + and hunger. Siccio, taking him in his arms, soothed him until he fell + asleep, when he glided cautiously out of the house into the street, and + hired a conveyance to carry them to a lodging he had previously engaged at + some distance from the city. To elude suspicion and pursuit he had + cunningly concealed the little Muzio in a bundle of clothes, and alighting + from the vehicle before he arrived at his dwelling, quietly unwound and + aroused the child, who trotted at his side, and was introduced by him to + his landlady as his grandson. + </p> + <p> + During the lifetime of Muzio's father, who was an amateur antiquary, + Siccio had gained a considerable knowledge of the history of the rains + around Rome by attending him in his researches. This knowledge, as he + could not take service as a domestic, on account of his unwillingness to + part from the child, he determined to avail himself of, and so become a + regular cicerone. His pay for services in this capacity was so small, that + he could with difficulty provide for himself and his little charge even + the bare necessaries of existence. This mode of living he pursued however + for some years, until the infirmities of old age creeping upon him, he + found it harder than ever to procure food and shelter of the commonest + kind. What could he now do? He looked at Muzio's graceful form, and an + inspiration broke upon him. Yes, he would brave the danger, and take him + to the city, for he felt that the artists and sculptors would rejoice to + obtain such a model. The venture was made, and Siccio was elated and + gratified beyond measure at the admiration Muzio, now in his fifteenth + year, called forth from the patrons of Roman "models." + </p> + <p> + For a while they were enabled to live in comparative comfort. Siccio now + dared to reveal to him the secret of his birth, and the manner in which he + had been despoiled, as the old man only suspected, of his inheritance. + Great was the indignation of the youth, and still greater his gratitude to + the good Siccio, who had toiled so uncomplainingly for him, but from this + time he steadily refused to sit as a model. Work he would, even menial + work he did not despise, and he might have been seen frequently in the + different studios moving massive blocks of marble, for his strength far + exceeded that of other youths of his own age. He also now and then assumed + the duties of a cicerone, when the aged Siccio was unable to leave the + house from sickness. His youthful beauty often induced strangers to give + him a gratuity; but as he was never seen to hold out his hand, the beggars + of Rome called him ironically "Signor." + </p> + <p> + In spite of his efforts, Muzio was unable, as Siccio's feebleness + increased, to provide for all their wants, and he became gloomy and + morose. One wonderful evening, when Siccio was sitting alone, shortly + after Julia's adventure, a woman closely veiled entered his mean little + room, and placing a heavy purse upon the table, said— + </p> + <p> + "Here is something, my worthy friend, which may be useful to you. Scruple + not to employ it, and seek not to discover the name of the donor, or + should you by chance learn it, let it be your own secret." And thus, + without giving the astonished old man time to recover his speech, she went + out closing the door behind her. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0015" id="link2HCH0015"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XV. THE CORSINI PALACE. + </h2> + <p> + "This is truly an unexpected blessing—a fountain in the desert," + thought the Cardinal, as the three women were ushered into the + audience-chamber. "Providence serves me better than these knaves by whom I + am surrounded." Casting an undisguised look of admiration at Clelia, who + stood modestly behind her mother, he said aloud, "Let the petition be + brought forward." + </p> + <p> + Monna Aurelia, considerately taking the document from Silvia, advanced + with it, and presented it on her knees. + </p> + <p> + After perusing it with apparent attention, the Cardinal addressed Aurelia, + saying, "So you are the wife of that Manlio who takes upon himself to + shelter and protect the enemies of the State, of his Holiness the Pope?" + </p> + <p> + "It is I who am the wife of Signor Manlio, your Eminence," said Silvia, + advancing. "This lady," pointing to Aurelia, "kindly offered to appear + before your Eminence, and assure you that neither my husband or I have + ever meddled with politics, and are persons of unquestioned honesty." + </p> + <p> + "Unquestioned honesty!" repeated the Cardinal, in simulated anger. "Why, + then, as you are so very honest, do you first shelter heretics and enemies + of the state, and then assist them to escape in such an unpardonable + manner?" + </p> + <p> + "To escape!" exclaimed Clelia, who had hitherto preserved her presence of + mind. "Then my father is no longer confined in this dreadful place"—and + a flush of joy spread itself over her lovely features. + </p> + <p> + "Yes, he has escaped; but ere long he will be re-taken, and must answer + for his double crime," said the Cardinal. + </p> + <p> + These words gave a blow to Silvia's new-born hopes, and, what with + surprise, fear, and excitement, she fell back into her daughter's arms in + a swoon. + </p> + <p> + The Cardinal, hardened to such scenes, at once determined to take + advantage of it, so summoning some servants, he ordered them to convey the + fainting woman and her friends to another room, where proper remedies + could be applied to restore the stricken wife. As they made their exit, he + rubbed his soft hands gleefully, saying to himself, "Ah, my pretty one! + you shall not leave the palace until you have paid me a fee." He then sent + for Gianni, who, recognizing the trio at their entry, had remained at + hand, as he divined his services would be needed. When he presented + himself, his master chuckled out— + </p> + <p> + "Ebben, Signor Gianni! Providence beats your boasted ability out and out." + </p> + <p> + Gianni, knowing that all was sunshine again when he was thus dignified by + the title "Signor," answered, "Have I not always said your Eminence was + born under a lucky star?" + </p> + <p> + "Well," continued the profane Cardinal, "since Providence favors me, it + now only rests with you, Gianni, to finish the matter off." Then he + continued, "Follow the women, and see that every respect is paid them; and + when they are calmed, direct Father Ignazio to send for the elder woman + and the wife of the sculptor, under pretense of questioning them about his + escape, that I may have an opportunity of conversing alone with the + incomparable Clelia." + </p> + <p> + Bowing profoundly, the scoundrel departed to execute his dissolute + master's commands. + </p> + <p> + As he passed out, a lackey entered, announcing that "Una Signora Inglese" + wished to see his Eminence on business. + </p> + <p> + "Introduce her," said Procopio, stroking his chin complacently; for he + congratulated himself, in spite of the interruption, on his good fortune, + as he admired the young Englishwoman excessively. + </p> + <p> + Julia greeted him frankly as an acquaintance, holding ont her hand in the + English fashion, which he took, expressing in warm terms, as he led her to + a seat, his delight at seeing her. + </p> + <p> + "And to what am I to attribute the felicity of again receiving you so soon + under my roof? This room," he continued, "so lately brightened by your + presence, has a renewed grace for me now." + </p> + <p> + Julia seated herself, and replied, gravely, for she was slightly + discomposed by the Cardinal's flattery, "Your Eminence is too + condescending. As you well know, my former object in coming to the palace + was to crave leave to copy some of the <i>chefs-d'ouvre</i> with which it + is adorned; but today I am here on a different errand." + </p> + <p> + The Cardinal, drawing a chair to her side and seating himself, said, "And + may I inquire its nature, beautiful lady?" placing, as he spoke, his hands + upon hers with an insinuating pressure. + </p> + <p> + Julia, resenting the Cardinal's familiarity, drew her chair back; but, as + he again approached, she stood up, and placed it between them, saying, as + he attempted to rise, and with a look that made him flinch, "You surely + forget yourself, Monseigneur; be seated, or I must leave you." + </p> + <p> + The prelate, profoundly abashed by the dignity of the English girl, + obeyed, and she continued, "My object is to obtain information of the wife + and daughter of the sculptor Manlio, who, I am told, came to the palace + some hours ago to present a petition to your Eminence." + </p> + <p> + "They came here, but have already left," stammered Procopio, as soon as he + had recovered from his surprise. + </p> + <p> + "Is it long since they quitted your Eminence?" asked Julia. + </p> + <p> + "But a few minutes," was the reply. + </p> + <p> + "I presume they have left the palace, then?" + </p> + <p> + "Assuredly," affirmed he, unblushingly. + </p> + <p> + Julia, with a gesture of incredulity, bowed, and took her leave. + </p> + <p> + What is there perfect in the world? This English nation is by no means + exempt from imperfection; yet the English are the only people who can be + compared with the ancient Romans, for they resemble each other in the + splendid selfishness of their virtues and their vices. + </p> + <p> + Egotists and conquerors, the history of both abounds in crime committed + either in their own dominions, or in those countries which they invaded + and subdued. Many are the nations they have overthrown to satisfy their + boundless thirst for gold and power. + </p> + <p> + Yet who dare deny that the Britons, with all their faults, have + contributed largely to the civilization and social advancement of mankind? + They have laid the grand foundations of a new idea of humanity, erect, + inflexible, majestic, free; obeying no masters but the laws which they + themselves have made, no kings but those which they themselves control. + </p> + <p> + By untiring patience and indomitable legality, this people has known how + to reconcile government and order with the liberty of a self-ruling + community. + </p> + <p> + The isle of England has become a sanctuary, an inviolable refuge for the + unfortunate of all other nations. Those proscribed by tyrants, and the + tyrants who have proscribed them, flee alike to her hospitable shores, and + find shelter on the single condition of taking their place as citizens + among citizens, and yielding obedience to the sovereign laws. + </p> + <p> + England, too, be it ever remembered first proclaimed to the world the + emancipation of the slave, and her people willingly submitted to an + increased taxation in order to carry out this glorious act in all her + colonies. Her descendants in America have, after a long and bloody + struggle between freedom and oligarchy, banished slavery also forever from + the New World. + </p> + <p> + Lastly, to England Italy is indebted in part for her reconstruction, by + reason of that resolute proclamation of fair play and no intervention in + the Straits of Messina in 1860. + </p> + <p> + To France Italy is also, indeed, indebted, since so many of her heroic + soldiers fell in the Italian cause in the battles of Solferino and + Magenta. She has also profited, like the rest of the world, by the + writings of the great minds of France, and by her principles of justice + and freedom. To France, moreover, we owe, in a great measure, the + abolition of piracy in the Mediterranean. France marched, in truth, for + some centuries alone, as the leader in civilization. + </p> + <p> + The time was when she proclaimed and propagated liberty to the world; but + she has now, alas! fallen, and is crouching before the image of a + fictitious greatness, while her ruler endeavors to defraud the nation + which he has exasperated, and employs his troops to deprive Italy of the + freedom which he helped to give her. + </p> + <p> + Let us hope that, for the welfare of humanity, she will, ere long, resume + her proper position, and, united with England, once again use her sublime + power to put down violence and corruption, and raise the standard of + universal liberty and progress. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0016" id="link2HCH0016"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XVI. ENGLISH JULIA + </h2> + <p> + In Siccio's little room was that same evening gathered a group of three + persons who would have gladdened the heart and eyes of any judge of manly + and womanly beauty. + </p> + <p> + Is it a mere caprice of chance to be born beautiful? The spirit is not + always reflected in the form. I have known many a noble heart enshrined in + an unpleasing body. Nevertheless, man is drawn naturally to the beautiful. + A fine figure and noble features instinctively call forth not only + admiration, but confidence; and every one rejoices in having a handsome + father, a beautiful mother, fine children, or a leader resembling Achilles + rather than Thersites. On the other hand, how much injustice and + mortification are often borne on account of deformity, and how many are + the wounds inflicted by thoughtless persons on those thus afflicted by + their undisguised contempt or more cruel pity. + </p> + <p> + Julia, for she it is who forms the loveliest of our triad, had just + returned from her visit to the palace, and related to her auditors, + Attilio and Muzio, what had transpired. + </p> + <p> + "Yes!" she exclaims, "he told me they were gone; but you see how powerful + is gold to obtain the truth, even in that den of vice! The ladies are + there detained. I bought the truth of one of his people." + </p> + <p> + Attilio, much disturbed, passed his hand over his brow as he paced and + repaced the floor. + </p> + <p> + Julia, seeing how perturbed in spirit he was by her discovery, went to + him, and, placing her hand with a gentle pressure upon his shoulder, + besought him to be calm, saying that he needed all possible self-control + and presence of mind to procure his betrothed's release. + </p> + <p> + "You are right, Signora," said Muzio, who until now had remained silent, + but watchful; "you are ever right." + </p> + <p> + The triad had already discussed a plan of rescue; and Muzio proposed to + let Silvio know, and to engage him to meet them with some of his + companions at ten o'clock. + </p> + <p> + Muzio was noble-minded, and though he loved the beautiful stranger with + all the force of his passionate southern nature, he felt no thought of + jealousy as he thus prepared to leave her alone with his attractive + friend. + </p> + <p> + Nor did Julia run any danger from her warm feeling of compassion for + Attilio, for her love for Muzio, though as yet unspoken, was pure and + inalienable. A love that no change of fortune, time, or even death, could + destroy. She had but lately learned the story of his birth and + misfortunes, and this, be sure, had not served to lessen it. + </p> + <p> + "No," she replied; "I will bid you both adieu for the present. At ten + o'clock I shall await you in a carriage near the Piazza, and will receive + the ladies, and cany them, when you have liberated them, to a place of + safety." + </p> + <p> + So saying, she beckoned to her nurse to follow, and departed to make the + necessary arrangements for the flight of the sculptor's family, whose + cause she had magnanimously espoused, ignoring completely the personal + danger she was incurring. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0017" id="link2HCH0017"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XVII. RETRIBUTION + </h2> + <p> + Justice! sacred word, yet how art thou abused by the powerful upon earth! + Was not Christ, the just one, crucified in the name of justice? Was not + Galileo put to the torture in the name of justice? And are not the laws of + this unjust Babel, falsely called civilized Europe, made and administered + in the name of justice? Ay, in Europe, where the would-be industrious man + dies of hunger, and the idle and profligate flaunt in luxury and splendor!—in + Europe, where a few families govern the nations, and keep them in a + chronic state of warfare under the high-sounding names of justice, + loyalty, military glory, and the like! There in the palace sit Procopio + and Ignazio in the name of justice. Outside are the rabble—Attilio, + forsooth, Muzio, and Silvio, with twenty of our three hundred, who mean to + have justice after their own fashion. The hearts of these suitors are glad + and gay, as on the eve of a feast. It is true they beat, but it is in + confident hope, for the hour of their duty is near. They pace the Lungara + in parties of twos and threes, to avoid suspicion, awaiting the striking + of the clock. Whilst they linger outside, we will enter, and take a + retrospect. + </p> + <p> + When Gianni summoned Aurelia and Silvia to attend Father Ignazio, Clelia, + suspecting treachery, drew a golden stiletto from her hair and secreted it + in her belt, that it might be at hand in the event of her needing it to + defend herself. + </p> + <p> + The prelate, meantime, having attired himself in his richest robes, in the + hope that their magnificence might have effect upon the simple girl, + prepared, as he facetiously termed it, "to summon the fortress." Opening + the door of the apartment in which Clelia was anxiously awaiting her + mother's return, he entered with a false benignancy upon his face. + </p> + <p> + "You must pardon us," he said, "for having detained you so long, my + daughter, but I wished to assure you in person that no harm shall befall + your father, as well as," he continued—and here he caught up her + hand—"to tell you, most lovely of women, that since I beheld you + first my heart has not ceased to burn with the warmest love for you." + </p> + <p> + Clelia, startled by the words and the passionate look which the Cardinal + fixed upon her, drew back a little space, so as to place a small table + between them. + </p> + <p> + Then ensued a shameful burst of insult and odious entreaty. In vain did he + plead, urging that her consent alone could procure her father's' pardon. + Clelia continued to preserve her look of horror, and her majestic scorn, + contriving by her movements to keep the table between them. Enraged beyond + measure, the Cardinal made a sign to his creatures, Ignazio and Gianni, + who were near at hand, to enter. + </p> + <p> + Clelia, comprehending her danger, snatched forth her dagger, and exclaimed + in an indignant voice, "Touch me at your peril! rather than submit to your + infamous desires I will plunge this poniard into my heart!" + </p> + <p> + The libidinous prelate, not understanding such virtue, approached to wrest + the weapon from the Roman girl, but received a gash upon his palm, as she + snatched it free, and stood upon the defensive, with majestic anger and + desperation. He called to his satellites, and they closed like a band of + devils about the maiden; nor was it till their blood was drawn by more + than one thrust from her despair, that Gianni caught the wrist of Clelia + as she strove to plunge the knife into her own heart, while Father Ignazio + passed swiftly behind her, and seized her left hand, motioning to Gianni + to hold the right fast, and the Cardinal himself threw his arms around + her. The heroic girl was thus finally deprived of her weapon. This + achieved, they proceeded to drag her towards an alcove, where a couch was + placed, behind a curtain of tapestry. + </p> + <p> + At this instant, happily for our heroine, there was a sudden crash in the + vestibule, and as her assailants turned their heads in the direction of + the sound, two manly forms, terrible in their fiery wrath and grace, + rushed forward. The first, Attilio, flew to his beloved, who, from + revulsion of feeling, was becoming rapidly insensible, and tore her from + the villains, while the prelate and his accomplices yielded their hold + with a cry, and endeavored to escape. This Muzio prevented by barring the + way; and bidding Silvio, and some of his men, who arrived at this + juncture, to surround them, he drew forth a cord, and, after gagging the + three scoundrels, he commenced binding the arms of the affrighted priest, + his friends similarly treating Ignazio and the trembling tool Gianni Many + and abject were the gestures of these miserable men for mercy, but none + was shown by their infuriated captors, but the prayers and curses of the + Cardinal were choked with his own mantle; and Muzio did not refrain, as + Father Ignazio writhed under the pressure of the cord, from reminding him + of his villainy in robbing a helpless child of his lawful inheritance. + </p> + <p> + At dawn three bodies, suspended from a window of the Corsini palace, were + seen by the awakening people, and a paper was found upon the breast of the + Cardinal, with these words, "So perish all those who have polluted the + metropolis of the world with falsehood, corruption, and deceit, and turned + it into a sewer and a stew." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0018" id="link2HCH0018"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XVIII. THE EXILE + </h2> + <p> + The sun of that avenging morning was beginning to shed its rays upon the + few stragglers in the Forum who, with pale squalid faces betokening hunger + and misery, shook their rags free of dust as they rose unrefreshed from + their slumbers, when a carriage containing four women rolled through the + suburbs. It passed rapidly along towards those vast uninhabited plains, + where little is to be seen except a wooden cross here and there, reminding + the traveller unpleasantly that on that spot a murder has been committed. + </p> + <p> + Arriving at the little house already twice mentioned, its occupants + alighted; and who shall describe the joy of that meeting. Julia and + Aurelia contemplated in silence the reunion of the now happy Manlio with + his wife and daughter, for all the prisoners of the wicked palace were + free. + </p> + <p> + Camilla also watched their tears of gladness, but without any clear + comprehension. Could she have known the fate of her seducer, it might + perchance have restored her reason. After a thousand questions had been + asked and answered, Manlio addressed Julia, saying- + </p> + <p> + "Exile, alas! is all that remains for us. This atrocious Government can + not endure; but until it is annihilated we must absent ourselves from our + home and friends." + </p> + <p> + "Yes, yes! you must fly!" Julia said. "But it will not be long, I trust, + ere you will be able to return to Rome, and find her cleansed from the + slavery under which she now groans. My yacht is lying at Port d'Anzo; we + will make all haste to gain it, and I hope to see you embark safely in the + course of a few hours." + </p> + <p> + A yacht! I hear some of my Italian readers cry. What part of a woman's + belongings can this be? A yacht, then, is a small vessel in which the + sea-loving and wealthy British take their pleasure on the ocean, for they + fear not the storm, the heat of the torrid zone, or the cold of the frozen + ocean. Albion's sons, ay, and her daughters, too, leave their comfortable + firesides, and find life, health, strength, and happiness in inhaling the + briny air on board their own beautiful craft in pursuit of enjoyment and + knowledge. France, Spain, and Italy have not this little word in their + dictionaries. Their rich men dare not seek their pleasure upon the waves—they + give themselves to the foolish luxuries of great cities, and hence is it + that names like Rodney and Nelson are not in their histories. Albion alone + has always loved and ruled the waves for centuries. Her wooden walls have + been her inviolable defense. May her new iron ramparts protect her + hospitable shores from foreign foes! + </p> + <p> + But a yacht is a strange thing for a woman to possess. True, but English + Julia in childhood was of delicate constitution; the physicians prescribed + a sea-voyage, and her opulent parents equipped a pleasure-vessel for her + use. Thus Julia became so devoted to the blue waves that, even when the + balmy air of Italy had restored her to robust health, she continued, when + inclination disposed her, to make little voyages of romance, discovery, + and freedom in the waters of the Mediterranean. Thus it was that she could + offer so timely a refuge to the family of the sculptor. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0019" id="link2HCH0019"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XIX. THE BATHS OF CARACALLA + </h2> + <p> + Imagine the consternation in Rome on the 15th of February, the day + following the tragic death of the Cardinal Procopio and his two abettors. + Great, in truth, was the agitation of the city when the three bodies were + seen dangling from the upper window of the palace. The panic spread + rapidly, and the immense crowd under the façade increased more and more, + until a battalion of foreign soldiers, sent for by the terrified priests, + appeared in the Lungara, and driving it back, surrounded and entered the + palace. To tell the truth, the soldiers laughed sometimes at the jests, + coarse but witty, which were flung by the mob at the three corpses as they + commenced hauling them up. Many were the bitter things that passed below. + </p> + <p> + "Let them down head over heels," shouted one; "your work will be finished + the sooner." + </p> + <p> + "Play the fish steadily, that they may not slip from the hook," hallooed + another. + </p> + <p> + By-and-by the cord to which the corpulent body of the prelate was attached + broke as the soldiers attempted to hoist it up, and hoarser than ever were + the shouts of laughter with which it was greeted as it fell with a heavy + shock upon the pavement. + </p> + <p> + Muzio, who was surveying the avenging spectacle, turned to Silvio, saying, + with a shudder, "Let us away; this laughter is not to my taste now they + have paid their debt. + </p> + <p> + "In truth, Pasquin is almost the only real memorial of ancient Rome. Would + that my people possessed the gravity and force of those times, when our + forefathers elected the great dictators, or bought and sold, at a high + price, the lands upon which Hannibal was at the time attacked. But it must + be long before their souls can be freed from the plague of priestly + corruption, and before they can once more be worthy of their ancient fame + and name." + </p> + <p> + "We must have patience with them," replied Silvio. "Slavery reduces man to + the level of the beast These priests have themselves inculcated the rude + mockery which we hear. At least, it could have no fitter objects than + those dead carcasses. Reproach not the people to-day—mud is good + enough for dead dogs." + </p> + <p> + Thus discoursing, the friends made their way through the crowd, and + separated, having first appointed to meet at the end of the week in the + studio of Attilio. + </p> + <p> + On the day in question they found the young artist at home, and gave him a + detailed account of what they had witnessed under the palace windows. It + was the time for the reassembling of the Three Hundred, but, before + setting out to meet their associates at the Baths of Caracalla, they lay + down to rest for a few hours; and while they slumber we will give some + account of the place of assignation. + </p> + <p> + Masters of the world, and wealthy beyond compute from its manifold spoils, + the ancient Romans gave themselves up, in the later days of the Republic, + to fashion, luxuriousness, and excesses of all kinds. The toil of the + field—whether of battle or of agriculture—although it had + conduced to make them hardy and healthy before their triumphs, had now + become distasteful and odious. Their limbs, rendered effeminate by a new + and fatal voluptuousness, grew at last unequal even to the weight of their + arms, and they chose out the stoutest from among their slaves to serve as + soldiers. The foreign people by whom they were surrounded failed not to + note the advantage which time and change were preparing for them over + their dissolute masters. They rose with Goth and Ostrogoth to free + themselves from the heavy yoke. They fell upon the queenly city on all + sides, and discrowned her of her imperial diadem. + </p> + <p> + Such was the fate of that gigantic empire, which fell, as all powers ought + to fall which are based on violence and injustice. + </p> + <p> + One of the chief imported luxuries of the degenerate Romans were the + thermæ, or baths, edifices upon which immense sums were lavished to make + them beautiful and commodious in the extreme. Some were private, others + public. The emperors vied with each other to render them celebrated and + attractive. Caracalla, the unworthy son of Severus, and one of the very + vilest of the line of Cæsars, built the vast pile which is still called by + his evil name; the ruins of which forcibly illustrate the splendor of the + past sovereignty, and the reasons of its swift decay. The greater number + of these conspicuous and magnificent buildings in the city of Rome have + subterranean passages attached to them, provided by their original + possessors as a means of escape in times of danger, or to conceal the + results of rapine or violence. In the subterranean passages connected with + the Baths of Caracalla it was that the Three Hundred had agreed to meet, + and as the darkness of night crept on, the outposts of the conspirators, + like gliding shadows, planted themselves silently at the approaches to the + wilderness of antique stones, from time to time challenging, in a whisper, + other and more numerous shadows, which by-and-by converged to the spot. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0020" id="link2HCH0020"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XX. THE TRAITOR + </h2> + <p> + The liberation of Manlio and the execution of the Cardinal gave an + unexpected blow to the Pontifical Government, and aroused it from its + previous easy lethargy. All the foreign and native soldiers available were + put under arms, and the police were everywhere on the <i>qui vive</i>, + arresting upon the slightest suspicion citizens of all classes, so that + the prisons speedily became filled to overflowing. + </p> + <p> + One of the Three Hundred—shameful to say—had been bought over + to act as a spy upon the movements of his comrades. Happily he was not one + of those select members chosen to assist in the attack upon the Quirinal + prison, or the release of Silvia and Clelia. Of the proposed meeting at + the Baths of Caracalla he was nevertheless cognizant, and had duly given + information of it to the police. + </p> + <p> + Now, Italian conspirators make use of a counter police, at the head of + which was Muzio. + </p> + <p> + His garb of lazzarone served him in good stead, and by favor of it he + often managed to obtain information from those in the pay of the priests, + who commonly employ the poor and wretched people that beg for bread in the + streets and market-places of Rome in the capacity of spies. + </p> + <p> + But this time he was ill-informed. The last conspirator had entered the + subterranean passage, and Attilio had put the question, "Are the sentinels + at their posts?" when a low sound, like the hissing of a snake, resounded + through the vault. This was Muzio's signal of alarm, and he himself + appeared at the archway. + </p> + <p> + "There is no time to be lost," said he; "we are already hemmed in on one + side by an armed force, and at the southern exit another is taking up its + position." + </p> + <p> + This imminent danger, instead of making these brave youths tremble, served + but to fill them with stern resolve and courage. + </p> + <p> + Attilio looked once on the strong band assembled around him, and then bade + Silvio take two men and go to the entrance to reconnoitre. + </p> + <p> + Another sentinel approached at this moment from the south, and + corroborated Muzio's statement. + </p> + <p> + The sentinels from the remaining points failing to appear, a fear that + they had been arrested fell upon the young men, and their leader was + somewhat troubled on this account, until Silvio returned, and reported + that upon nearing the mouth of the passage he had seen them. At this + moment they heard a few shots, and immediately after the sentinels in + question entered, and informed the chief they had witnessed a large number + of troops gathering, and had fired upon one file, which had ventured to + advance. + </p> + <p> + Attilio, seeing delay would be ruinous, commanded Muzio to charge out with + a third of the company, he himself would follow up with his own third, and + Silvio was to hurl the rearmost section upon the troops. + </p> + <p> + Attilio briefly said, "It is the moment of deeds, not words. No matter how + large the number opposed to us, we must carve a road through them with our + daggers." He then directed Muzio to lead on a detachment of twenty men, + with a swift rush, upon the enemy, promising to follow quickly. + </p> + <p> + Muzio, quickly forming his twenty men, wrapped his cloak around his left + arm, and grasping his weapon firmly in his right, gave the word to charge + out. + </p> + <p> + In a few moments the cavernous vault startled those outside by vomiting a + torrent of furious men; and as the youths rushed upon the satellites of + despotism, the Pope's soldiers heading the division had not even time to + level their guns before they were wrenched from their grasp, and many + received their death-blow. + </p> + <p> + The others, thoroughly demoralized at the cry of the second and third + divisions bursting forth, took to flight, headlong and shameful. The Campo + Vaccino and the streets of Rome hard by the Campidoglio were in a short + time filled with the fugitives, still pursued by those whom they should + have taken prisoners. + </p> + <p> + Helmets, swords, and guns lay scattered in all directions, and more were + wounded by the weapons of their own friends in their flight, than by the + daggers of their pursuers; in effect the rout was laughable and complete. + </p> + <p> + The brave champions of Roman liberty, satisfied with having so utterly + discomfited the mercenaries of his Holiness, dispersed, and returned to + their several homes. + </p> + <p> + Amongst the dead bodies discovered next morning near the baths was that of + a mere youth, whose beard had scarcely begun to cover his face with down. + He was lying on his back, and on his breast was the shameful word + "traitor," pinned with a dagger. He had been recognized by the Three + Hundred, and swiftly punished. + </p> + <p> + Poor Paolo, alas, had the misfortune—for misfortune it proved—to + fall in love with the daughter of a priest, who, enacting the part of a + Delilah, betrayed him to her father as soon as she had learned he was + connected with a secret conspiracy. To save his life, the wretched youth + consented to become a paid spy in the service of the priesthood, and it + was thus he drew his pay. + </p> + <p> + The worth of one intrepid man, as Attilio showed, is inestimable; a single + man of lion heart can put to flight a whole army. + </p> + <p> + On the other hand, how contagious is fear. I have seen whole armies seized + by a terrible panic in open day at a cry of "Escape who can;" "Cavalry;" + "The enemy," or even the sound of a few shots—an army that had + fought, and would again fight, patiently and gallantly. + </p> + <p> + Fear is shameful and degrading, and I think the southern nations of Europe + are more liable to it than the cooler and more serious peoples of the + north; but never may I see an Italian army succumb to that sudden ague-fit + which kills the man, even though he seems to save his life thereby! + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0021" id="link2HCH0021"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXI. THE TORTURE + </h2> + <p> + As the hour of solemn vengeance had not yet struck, fright, and fright + alone for the black-robed rulers of Rome was the result of the events we + have detailed. + </p> + <p> + The priests were in mortal terror lest the thread by which the sword of + popular wrath was suspended should be cut. + </p> + <p> + The hour, however, had not struck; the measure of the cup was not full; + the God of justice delayed the day of his retribution. + </p> + <p> + Know you what the lust of priests is to torture? Do you know that by the + priests Galileo was tortured? Galileo, the greatest of Italians! Who but + priests could have committed him to the torture? Who but an archbishop + could have condemned to death by starvation in a walled-up prison Ugolino + and his four sons? + </p> + <p> + Where but in Rome have priests hated virtue and learning while they + fostered ignorance and patronized vice? Woe to the man who, gifted by God + above his fellows, has dared to exhibit his talent in Papal Italy. Has he + not been immediately consigned to moral and physical tortures, until he + admitted darkness was light? + </p> + <p> + Is it not surprising that in spite of the light of the nineteenth century, + a people should be found willing to believe the blasphemous fables called + the doctrines of the Church, and the priests permitted to hold or withhold + salvation at their pleasure, and to exercise such power in such a + continent, that rulers court their alliance as a means of enabling them + the more effectually to keep, in subjection their miserable subjects? + </p> + <p> + In England, America, and Switzerland this torture has been abolished. + There progress is not a mere word. In Rome the torture exists in all its + power, though concealed. Light has yet to penetrate the secrets of those + dens of infamy called cloisters, seminaries, convents, where beings, male + and female, are immured as long as life lasts, and are bound by terrible + vows to resign forever the ties of natural affection and sacred + friendship. + </p> + <p> + Fearful are the punishments inflicted upon any hapless member suspected of + being lax in his belief, or desirous of being released from his oaths. + Redress for them is impossible in a country where despotism is absolute, + and the liberty of the press chained. + </p> + <p> + Yes, in Rome, where sits the Vicar of God, the representative of Christ, + the man of peace, the torture, I say, still exists as in the times of + Saint Dominic and Torquemada. The cord and the pincers are in constant + requisition in these present days of political convulsion. + </p> + <p> + Poor Dentato, the sergeant of dragoons who facilitated the escape of + Manlio, soon experienced this. He had been unfortunately identified as + engaged at the Quirinal Morning, noon, and night means too horrible to + divulge were resorted to to compel him to give up the names of those + concerned in the attack upon the prison. Failing to gain their point, he + had been left by his tormentors a shapeless mass, imploring his + persecutors to show mercy by putting him to death. + </p> + <p> + Unhappy man! the executioners falsely declared he had denounced his + accomplices, and continued daily to make fresh arrests. + </p> + <p> + Yet the world still tolerates these fiends in human form, and kings + moreover impose them upon our unhappy countries. God grant the people of + Italy will before long have the will and the courage to break this hateful + yoke from off their necks! God set us free, before we are weary of + praying, from those who take His holy name in vain, and chase Christ + himself out of the Temple to set their money-changing stalls therein! + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0022" id="link2HCH0022"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXII. THE BRIGANDS + </h2> + <p> + Let us leave for a time these scenes of horror, and follow our fugitives + on the road to Porto d'Anzo. Their hearts are sad, for they are leaving + many dear to them behind in the city, and their road is one of danger, + until it be the sea; but, as they breathe the pure air of the country, + their spirits revive—that country once so populated and fertile, now + so barren and deserted. Perhaps it would be difficult to find another spot + on earth that presents so many objects of past grandeur and present misery + as the Campagna. The ruins, scattered on all sides, give pleasure to the + antiquary, and convince him of the prosperity and grandeur of its ancient + inhabitants, while the sportsman finds beasts and birds enough to satisfy + him; but the lover of mankind mourns, it is a graveyard of past glories, + with the priests for sextons. The proprietors of these vast plains are + few, and those few, priests, who are too much absorbed by the pleasures + and vices of the city, to visit their properties, keeping, at the most, a + few flocks of sheep or buffaloes. + </p> + <p> + Brigandage is inseparable from priestly government, which is easy to + understand when we remember that it is supported by the aid of cowardly + and brutal mercenaries. These, becoming robbers, murderers, and criminal + offenders, flee to such places as this desert, where they find undisturbed + refuge and shelter. + </p> + <p> + Statistics prove that in Rome murders are of more frequent occurrence in + proportion to the population than in any other city. And how, indeed, can + it be otherwise, when we consider the corrupt education instilled by the + priests? + </p> + <p> + The outlaws are styled brigands, and to these may be added troops of + runaway hirelings of the priests, who have committed such dreadful ravages + during the last few years. We have a sympathy for the wild spirits who + seem to live by plunder, but who retire to the plains, and pass a rambling + life, without being guilty of theft or murder, in order to escape the + humiliations to which the citizen is daily subjected. + </p> + <p> + The tenacity and courage shown by these in their encounters with the + police and national guards, are worthy of a better cause, and prove that + such men, if led by a lawful ruler, and inspired with a love for their + country, would form an army that would resist triumphantly any foreign + invader. + </p> + <p> + All "brigands" are, indeed, not assassins. + </p> + <p> + Orazio, a valorous Roman, though a brigand, was respected and admired by + all in Trastevere, particularly by the Roman women, who never fail to + recognize and appreciate personal bravery. + </p> + <p> + He was reputed to be descended from the famous Horatius Cocles, who alone + defended a bridge against the army of Porsenna, and, like him, curiously + enough, had lost an eye. Orazio had served the Roman Republic with honor. + While yet a beardless youth he was one of the first who, on the glorious + 30th of April, charged and put to flight the foreign invaders. In + Palestrina he received an honorable wound in the forehead, and at + Velletri, after unhorsing a Neapolitan officer with his arquebuss, + deprived him of his arms, and carried him in triumph to Rome. Well would + it have been for Julia and her friends had men of this type alone haunted + the lonely plain! But when they were not far distant from the coast, a + sudden shot, which brought the coachman down from his seat, informed our + fugitives that they were about to be attacked by brigands, and were + already in range of their muskets. Manlio instantly seized the reins and + whipped the hones, but four of the band, armed to the teeth, rushed + immediately at the horses' heads. "Do not stir, or you are a dead man," + shouted one of the robbers, who appeared to be the leader. Manlio, + convinced that resistance was useless, wisely remained immovable. In no + very gallant tone, the ladies were bidden to descend, but, at the sight of + so much beauty, the robbers became softened at first, for a time, and + fixed their admiring looks upon the exquisite features of the youthful + Clelia and the fair Englishwoman, with some promise of repentance. But + their savage natures soon got the better of such a show of grace. The + chief addressed the disconcerted party in a rough tone, saying, "Ladies, + if you come with us quietly no harm shall happen to <i>you</i>, but if you + resist, you will endanger your own lives; while, to show you that we are + in earnest, I shall immediately shoot that man," pointing to Manlio, who + remained stationary on the box. The effects produced upon the terrified + women by this threat were various. Silvia and Aurelia burst into tears, + and Clelia turned deadly pale. Julia, better accustomed to encounter + dangers, preserved her countenance with that fearlessness so + characteristic of her countrywomen. "Will you not," said she, advancing + close to the brigand, "take what we possess? we will willingly give you + all we have;" putting, at the same time, a heavily-filled parse into his + hand, "but spare our lives, and permit us to continue our journey." + </p> + <p> + The wretch, after carefully weighing the money, replied, "Not so, pretty + lady," as he gazed with ardent eyes from her to Clelia; "it is by no means + every day that we are favored by fortune with such charming plunder. We + are in luck with such lovely ones. You must accompany us." + </p> + <p> + Julia remained silent, not realizing the villain's presumption; but + Clelia, to whom the chill of despair which struck her when her father's + life was menaced was yielding to a deeper horror still at the scoundrel's + words, with a spasm of anger and terror, snatching her poniard from her + bosom, sprang upon the unprepared bandit. + </p> + <p> + Julia, seeing the heroic resolution of her friend, also attacked him; but + alas! they had not the chief alone to struggle with. His comrades came to + his assistance, and the English girl was speedily overpowered, whilst + Clelia was left vainly to assail him, for, although she succeeded in + inflicting several wounds, they were of so slight a nature that, with the + aid of a follower, he had no difficulty in wresting her weapon from her + and securing her hands. + </p> + <p> + When Julia was dragged off by two of the ruffians towards some bushes, + Aurelia and Silvia followed, entreating them not to kill her. + </p> + <p> + Manlio, who had attempted to leap to the ground to aid his daughter, had + been instantly beaten to the earth, and was being dragged off in the + direction of the same thicket by the band, while the chief brought up the + rear with Clelia in his arms. + </p> + <p> + All appeared lost. Death—and worse than death—threatened them. + </p> + <p> + But they had not gone many paces before the knave whose vile arms + encircled Julia was felled to the ground by a blow from a sudden hand; and + Clelia gave a cry of joy as her deliverer raised her from the ground. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0023" id="link2HCH0023"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXIII. THE LIBERATOR + </h2> + <p> + Clelia's liberator, who had arrived so opportunely on the scene of + violence, was by no means a giant, being not more than an inch or two + above the ordinary height; but the erectness of his person, the amplitude + of his chest, and the squareness of his shoulders, showed him to be a man + of extraordinary strength. + </p> + <p> + As soon as this opportune hero who had come to the rescue of the weak, had + stricken down the chief by a blow of his gun-butt upon the robber's skull, + he levelled the barrel at the brigand who held Manlio in his grasp and + shot him dead. Then, without waiting long to see the effect of his bullet—for + this hunter of the wild boar had a sure eye—he turned to the + direction pointed out by Clelia. She was still much agitated; but when she + perceived her champion so far successful, she cried- + </p> + <p> + "Avanti! go after Julia, and rescue her. Oh, go!" + </p> + <p> + With the fleetness of the deer the young man sped away in pursuit of + Julia's ravishers, and, to Clelia's instant relief, the English girl soon + reappeared with their preserver; Julia's captors having taken to flight + upon hearing the shots. + </p> + <p> + Reloading his gun, the stranger handed it to Manlio, and proceeded to + appropriate to his own use those arms which he found upon the dead bodies + of the brigands. + </p> + <p> + They then returned to the carriage, and found the horses grazing + contentedly on the young grass that bordered the road. For a little while + no one found a voice. They stood absorbed in thoughts of joy, agitation, + and gratitude; the women regarding the figure of the stranger with fervent + admiration. How beautiful is valor, particularly when shown in the defense + of honor and loveliness in woman, whose appreciation of courage is a deep + instinct of her nature. Be a lover bold and fearless, as well as spotless, + a despiser of death, as well as graceful in life, and you will not fail to + win both praise and love from beauty. + </p> + <p> + This sympathy of the fair sex with lofty qualities in the sex of action + has been the chief promoter of human civilization and social happiness. + </p> + <p> + For woman's love alone man has gradually put aside his masculine + coarseness, and contempt for outward appearances, becoming docile, + refined, and elegant, while his rougher virtue of courage was softened + into chivalry. + </p> + <p> + So far from being his "inferior," woman was appointed the instructress of + man, and designed by the Creator to mould and educate his moral nature. + </p> + <p> + We have said our fair travellers gazed with admiration at the fine person + of the brigand—for "brigand" we must unwillingly confess their + deliverer to be—and as they gazed, the younger members of the party, + it may be acknowledged, imported into their glance a little more gratitude + than the absent lovers, Attilio and Muzio, would perhaps have wished. But + admiration gave place to <i>surprise</i>, when the brigand, taking + Silvia's hand, kissed it, with tears, saying- + </p> + <p> + "You do not remember me, Signora? Look at my left eye: had it not been for + your maternal care, the accident to it would have cost me my life." + </p> + <p> + "Orazio! Orazio!" cried the matron, embracing him. "Yes, it is indeed the + son of my old friend." + </p> + <p> + "Yes, I am Orazio, whom you received in a dying condition, and nursed back + to life; the poor orphan whom you nourished and fed when left in absolute + need," he replied, as he returned her embrace tenderly. + </p> + <p> + After exchanging these words of recognition, and receiving others of + ardent gratitude from the party, Orazio explained how he had been hunting + in the neighborhood, when he saw the attack, and came to do what he could + for the ladies. He advised Manlio to put them into the carriage again, and + depart with all speed; "for," said he, "two of these bandits have escaped, + and may possibly return with several of their band." Then, ascertaining + the name of the port from which they intended sailing, he offered to + become their charioteer, and, mounting the box, drove off rapidly in the + direction of Porto d'Anzo. + </p> + <p> + Arrived there without further adventure, the freshness of the sea air + seemed to put new life and spirits into our jaded travellers, and the + effect upon the beautiful Julia in particular was perfectly marvellous. A + daughter of the Queen of the Ocean, she, like almost all her children, was + enamored of the sea, and pined for it when at a distance. + </p> + <p> + The sons of Britain scent the salt air wherever they live; they are + islanders with the ocean always near. They can understand the feeling of + Xenophon's 1000 Greeks, when they again beheld the ocean after their long + and dangerous Anabasis, and how they fell upon their knees, with joyful + shouts of "Thalassa! Thalassa!" and saluted the green and silver + Amphitrite as their mother, friend, and tutelary divinity. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0024" id="link2HCH0024"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXIV. THE YACHT + </h2> + <p> + The English girl broke out into pretty speeches of gladness when she + caught sight of her little ship. "Dance, graceful naiad," ejaculated + Julia, when she beheld it upon the blue waters of the Mediterranean, "and + spread your wings to bear away my friends to a place of safety. Who says I + may not love thee as a friend, when I owe to thee so many glorious and + free days? I love thee when the waters are like a mirror and reflect thy + beauty upon their glassy bosom, and thou rockest lazily to the sigh of the + gentle evening breeze which scarcely swells thy sails. I love thee still + more when thou plungest, like a steed of Neptune, through the billows' + snorting foam, driven by the storm, making thy way through the waves, and + fearing no terror of the tempest. Now stretch thy wings for thy mistress, + and bear her friends safe from this wicked shore!" + </p> + <p> + Julia's companions were in the mood to echo this spirit of joy and + exultation, and eagerly gazed at the little vessel. + </p> + <p> + Not daring, however, to excite suspicion by conducting the whole of her + party at once into Porto d'Anzo, Julia decided upon leaving Silvia and her + daughter under the protection of Orazio, who would have been cut in pieces + before he would have allowed them to be injured or insulted. They were to + wait in a wood a short distance from the port, while Julia, taking with + her Manlio, who acted the part of coachman, and Aurelia, as her lady's + maid, passed to the ship to make preparations to fetch the others. Capo + d'Anzo forms the southern, and Civita Vecchia the northern limits of the + dangerous and inhospitable Roman shore. The navigator steers his vessel + warily when he puts out to sea in winter on this stormy coast, especially + in a south-west wind, which has wrecked many a gallant ship there. The + mouth of the Tiber, is only navigable by vessels that do not draw more + than four or five feet of water, and this only during spring. On the left + bank of the Tiber near Mount Circeli, dwelt of old the war-like Volsci, + who gave the Romans no little trouble before those universal conquerors + succeeded in subjugating them. The ruins of their ancient capital, Ardea, + bear witness to its ancient prosperity. + </p> + <p> + The promontory, Capo d'Anzo, both forms and gives its name to the port in + which was stationed our heroine's yacht, awaiting her orders. The arrival + of Julia, if not a delight and fete day for the priests, who hate the + English, because they are both "heretics" and "liberals," was certainly + one for the crew of the <i>Seagull</i>, to whom she was always affable and + kind. The sailor, exposed to noble risks nearly all his life, is well + worthy of woman's esteem, and nowhere will she find a truer devotion to + her sex than among the rough but loyal and generous tars. + </p> + <p> + Going on board, the pretty English lady, after returning the affectionate + and respectful greeting of her countrymen and servants, descended to the + cabin and consulted with her captain, an old sea-dog (Thompson by name), + as to the best means of embarking the fugitives. + </p> + <p> + "Aye, aye, Miss," said he, glad to escape his enforced idleness, as soon + as he saw how the land lay; "leave the poor creatures to me; I'll find a + way of shipping them safe out of this hole!" + </p> + <p> + And in less than an hour the captain, true to his word, weighed anchor, + and sailed triumphantly out to sea with our exiles on board, who, though + shedding a few natural tears as the coast faded rapidly from their view, + were inexpressibly thankful to feel that they were at last out of the + clutches of their revengeful persecutors. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0025" id="link2HCH0025"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXV. THE TEMPEST + </h2> + <p> + But our readers will remember that it was now the third week in February—the + worst month at sea, at least in the Mediterranean. The Italian sailors + have a proverb, that "a short February is worse than a long December." + Captain Thompson, in his anxiety to fulfill his young mistress's wishes, + had not failed to heed the weather-glass, and he had felt anxious at the + way in which the mercury was falling—a sure sign that a strong + south-west wind was brewing nigh at hand, the most unfavorable for the + safety of our passengers on this rocky coast. The <i>Seagull</i>, however, + sailed gracefully out of port with all sails set, and impelled by a gentle + breeze—gracefully, we say, that is, in the eyes of Captain Thompson + and her owner; but not so gracefully in the eyes of Aurelia and Manlio, + who, never having intrusted themselves to the deep before, were + considerably inconvenienced by the undulating motion. + </p> + <p> + Julia had arranged to cruise down the coast for Silvia and Clelia, under + Orazio's protection, bringing to off a small fishing-place a few miles + from Porto d'Anzo, where the yacht was to put in and embark them; but, + though the captain would have gone through fire and water to obey his + mistress's commands, the wind and waves were his superiors. The gentle + breeze had given place to strong gusts, and black clouds were rapidly + chasing one another athwart the sky. A storm was evidently rising, and + every moment the danger of being driven ashore was becoming more and more + possible. Night was closing in, and breakers were in sight. The only + chance of escape was to cast anchor. Thompson accordingly made Julia, who, + wrapped in a shawl, was lying on deck watching every movement, acquainted + with his resolution, in which she acquiesced. The sailors were about to + obey their captain's orders, when Julia cried out "Hold!" for she had + already felt the wind upon her cheek suddenly shift, and felt that to + anchor was no longer wise. Now they must stand out to sea, and face the + shifts of the tempest. The sails began to fill, and in a short time the <i>Seagull</i> + paid off, and began to leave the surf behind her, obedient to the helm. + The wind was fitful, and now and again terribly fierce; the sails, + cordage, and masts creaked, and swayed to and fro. Captain Thompson + ordered his crew, in the energetic, yet self-possessed tone so + characteristic of the British seaman, to "stand by" the halliards (ropes + to hoist or lower sails), but to take in nothing. Luffing a little more, + they were soon free of the immediate peril; but, the wind increasing, they + dared not carry so much sail, and three reefs were taken in upon the + mainsail, the foresail and jib were shifted, and every thing was made + tight and snug against the fierce blasts which dashed the billows over her + sides, and occasionally nearly submerged the tiny bark. + </p> + <p> + The Seagull presently put about on the port tack, always beating out from + the land, and battled bravely with the storm, which waxed momentarily + louder and stronger. One tremendous wave dashed over her, and then the + captain, addressing Julia, who had remained on deck, besought her to go + below, or he feared she might share the fate of one of the crew who had + been washed overboard by it. Poor fellow, no help could save him! Julia + saw the sailor go over the side, and threw him a rope herself, but the man + was swallowed up in the darkness and foam. The steersmen (for there were + two) were now lashed to the helm, the captain to the weather shrouds of + the mainmast, and the men held fast under the bulwarks. + </p> + <p> + When Julia descended to the cabin to appease the captain's anxiety, and + look after her friends, the scene that met her view was so ludicrous that, + in spite of her sorrow for the loss of the poor seaman, she could not + repress a smile. When the ship gave a lurch to the wave which had carried + the sailor away, Aurelia was precipitated like a bundle of clothes into + the same corner in which Manlio had taken refuge. The poor woman, + frightened out of her wits, and thinking her last hour had come, clung to + the unfortunate sculptor with all her might, as if fancying she could be + saved by doing so. In vain Manlio implored her not to choke him: the more + he entreated the closer became her grasp. The sculptor, accustomed to move + blocks of marble, was powerless to release himself from the agonized + matron, but, aided by the motion of the ship, contrived to hold her off a + little so as to escape suffocation. In this tragic and yet comic attitude + Julia beheld them, and, after giving way for one moment to her + irrepressible amusement, she called a servant to assist her, and succeeded + in pacifying Aurelia, and in liberating Manlio from his uncomfortable + position. + </p> + <p> + All night the <i>Seagull</i> straggled bravely against the storm, and had + it not been for her superior construction, and the skill of her commander + and the brave blue-jackets in Julia's service, she must have perished. + </p> + <p> + Towards morning the tempest subsided, and the wind having changed to + south-south-west, Captain Thompson informed Julia it would be necessary to + put in at Porto Ferrajo or Longone to repair the damages the yacht had + sustained, which, indeed, were not slight. The two light boats had been + carried away, also every article on deck, and the starboard bulwarks from + amidships to stem. The foremast, too, was sprung, and Julia, seeing the + impossibility of setting the vessel to rights at sea, consented to make + the land. Here we will take leave of them for a time. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0026" id="link2HCH0026"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXVI. THE TOWER + </h2> + <p> + It is time to return to Clelia, and see how it fares with her and her + companions, Silvia and Orazio. As night approached, Orazio made a large + fire, which he had been directed to do by Julia, in order that the smoke + might be a guide to her vessel. He then looked out for a boat to hire, in + which to convey the women to the yacht; but as the storm rose, he felt + there would be no chance of embarking that night, and cast about for a + place of shelter until the morning. + </p> + <p> + He found a ruined tower—such towers abound on the coasts of the + Mediterranean, and are the remains of places which were erected by the + mediaeval pirates, who used them chiefly to signal to their vessels when + it would be safe to approach the shore. Here, after making his charges as + comfortable as circumstances permitted, he left them, and paced up and + down the beach, straining his eyes for a glimpse of the <i>Seagull</i>, + which, he feared, could scarcely live in such a tempest. Half blinded by + the spray, he continued his watch, dreading most of all to see the signs + of a wreck. It was after many hours he perceived a dark object tossing + about in the water, nearing and then receding, and finally stranded on the + beach. Orazio ran towards it, and was horrified to discover that it was a + human body, apparently lifeless, but still clinging to a rope and buoy. He + snatched it up in his sturdy arms, and carried it into the tower, where he + found Silvia and Clelia sitting by the fire which he had kindled for them. + The lad whom Orazio had rescued was no other than the young English sailor + washed overboard from the <i>Seagull</i>. + </p> + <p> + Silvia, aided by her daughter, stripped the inanimate lad, laid him before + the fire, and chafed him with their hands for a very long while, until, to + their great delight, he slowly returned to consciousness. Then they + wrapped him in some of their own dry garments, and hung his wet ones + before the fire, Orazio supplying them with fresh fuel. Some of his native + "grog" was wanting for poor John, but none was to be had. Fortunately, + Orazio had a flask of Orvieto, which he had given to the travellers to + warm their chilled bodies during the bitter night; and Silvia wisely + administered a liberal dose to the exhausted mariner, who, with a stone + for a pillow, and his feet towards the friendly fire, fell by-and-by into + a sound sleep—yacht, tempest, shipwreck, and angelic nurses all + forgotten together. His slumber could not have been more profound had he + been stretched upon a bed of down. The youthful Clelia, also wearied with + the fatigue of the past day, soon followed his example, and with her head + in her mother's lap, slept the sleep of the innocent. + </p> + <p> + Orazio returned to his lonely post, and after pacing up and down the shore + in the fear of seeing some other sign of disaster, returned at dawn to the + tower to dry his dripping clothes, and refresh himself after his dreary + vigil. + </p> + <p> + Silvia alone could not sleep all that night, but only dozed occasionally, + as she thought over the misfortunes that had befallen them. Her delicate + and graceful frame had been much shaken by the terrible occurrences of the + past few days. Affectionate mother! Though weary, she bore the weight of + her precious Clelia, and though her position was a constrained one, + remained immovable lest she should awake her. She was tormented with fear, + too, for the life of her beloved Manlio, who had escaped the fury of the + priests only to be exposed to the merciless waves; and then, as if struck + with remorse for thinking only of him, she murmured, in bitter accents, + "Ah, my poor Aurelia, to what a fete has your generous kindness brought + you also!" Muttering which reflections she then fell into another troubled + doze. + </p> + <p> + The Roman outlaw slept not, even after daybreak. He felt he was too near + the cunning priests of Porto d'Anzo to be very safe. Seating himself upon + a stone which he placed near the fire, he fed it from time to time with + the wood he had previously gathered, and dried his garments one by one, + with the exception of his cloak, which he had politely insisted upon + wrapping around the ladies in the early part of the evening, as they were + but-indifferently protected from the cold. Orazio was gayly dressed in a + dark velvet suit, ornamented with silver buttons; gaiters buckling at the + knee covered a comparatively small and well-shaped foot, and displayed his + well-formed leg to advantage; a black cravat was knotted round his + handsome throat, and a red satin handkerchief, loosely tied, fell upon his + wide shoulders; a black hat, resembling in shape those worn by the + Calabrians, nattily inclined a little to the right, crowned his head; a + leathern powder-bag, embroidered with silk and silver, slung round his + waist, in the band of which were placed two revolvers and a broad-bladed + dagger, which served both as a weapon of defense and hunting-knife, gave + him a well-prepared air; not to speak of his trusty carbine, which he has + taken the precaution to reload, and which he always rests upon his left + arm. As the flickering light of the fire fell upon him and lit up his + bronzed features, an artist would have given much to have depicted what + was truly a type of strength, courage, and manly beauty; while now and + then, awakening from her uneasy slumber, Silvia regarded him with admiring + eye, and forgot for a moment her anxieties while guarded by that faithful + sentinel. It is to be regretted that our hero, Orazio, was a "brigand;" + but then he was one of the better sort, and only from the force of + circumstances, his sin being that, like all brave and loyal men, he wished + Italy to be united, and Rome freed forever from priestly despotism. + </p> + <p> + Towards dawn Orazio approached Silvia, saying respectfully, "Signora, we + must not remain here till broad day; as soon as there is sufficient light + to show us the path to take we must depart. We are too near our mutual + enemies here to be out of danger." + </p> + <p> + "And Manlio, Julia, Aurelia, where are they?" "Probably far out at sea," + he replied; "and let us only hope it, for so they will be safe; but it + would be well before we strike out into the woods once more to examine the + beach. God grant we may not find any more bodies there." + </p> + <p> + "God grant they may not have been cast upon the coast during this fearful + storm," ejaculated Silvia, with clasped hands and raised eyes. + </p> + <p> + A mournful silence fell upon them, broken at last by Orazio, who had been + looking out for the first streak of light in the leaden sky. + </p> + <p> + "Signora, it is time we were off." + </p> + <p> + Silvia shook her daughter gently to arouse her, and Clelia got up, feeling + greatly restored by her peaceful slumber, while Orazio, touching John with + the butt-end of his carbine, awoke him. + </p> + <p> + Then, for the first time, the sailor-boy was able to tell how he was + washed overboard, and his account gave hopes to the listeners that the <i>Seagull</i> + was safe. + </p> + <p> + Our bandit, going first, led his party in the direction of the coast; but, + although the rain had ceased, the wind had not subsided, and the women + made their way with difficulty along the rough, uneven pathway, the spray + from the sea beating in their faces. Orazio and John, who was now nearly + recovered, searched for the tokens of a wreck, but, happily, none were + found, and they returned to Silvia and Clelia, whom they had left in a + sheltered place, with relieved countenances and cheerful voices, saying, + "Our friends are out of danger." Orazio added, "And now, ladies, we will + begin our own journey," turning at the same time to the right, and taking + a narrow footpath through the wood well known to him. His charges, + attended by John the English boy, followed in silence. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0027" id="link2HCH0027"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXVII. THE WITHDRAWAL + </h2> + <p> + After the affair at the Baths of Caracalla, the position of Attilio and + his companions became very much compromised. The traitor had, indeed, paid + for his infamy with his life; but | though the Government's mercenaries + had had the worst of it, the police were now on the alert, and, if not + quite certain, could make a shrewd guess as to who were the leaders of the + conspiracy. + </p> + <p> + If, however, the friends of liberty from outside had been as ready as the + Romans, the conspirators might yet have had it all their own way on the + 15th of February, or, indeed, at any other time. But the "Moderates," + always indissolubly bound to the chariots of selfishness, would not hear + the words "To arms!" They preferred waiting, at whatever cost, until the + manna of freedom fell from heaven into their mouths, or the foreigner + should come to their relief, and set their country free. + </p> + <p> + What cared they for national dignity, or the contemptuous smile of all + other European nations at the open buying and selling of provinces! They + were thinking first of gain and remunerative employment, and were + consequently deaf to all generous propositions likely to set in risk their + Eldorado of profits, though they would, if successful, procure national + unity and prosperity by energetic action. + </p> + <p> + This middle-class cowardice is the cause of Italy's degradation at the + present day, and were it not for that, the kissing of the slipper would be + an infamy of the past. It is the reason, too, why Italy's soil is so often + vainly wet with the blood of her nobler, braver sons; and why those who + escape the sword wander in forests to avoid the vengeance of those robed + hyenas; and why the poor remain in abject misery. + </p> + <p> + Such was the condition of Rome at the beginning of the year 1867. She + might have been happy, regenerated, and powerful, crowned with glorious + liberty and independence, had not the foreigner come to the aid of the + falsely-called "father of his people." Now she grovels in bondage, loaded + with French chains. + </p> + <p> + One evening, early in March, Attilio, Muzio, and Silvio met at Manlio's + house to discuss their future movements. They had remained in Rome in the + hope of achieving something, but the labyrinth was far too intricate to + allow our youthful and inexperienced heroes to extricate themselves, and + the Three Hundred to extricate themselves and their countrymen from it. + </p> + <p> + "There is no use," spoke Attilio, bitterly, "in dedicating one's life to + the good of one's country in these days, when the 'Moderates,' check all + our efforts, and basely reconcile themselves with the enemies of Italy. <i>Ohime!</i> + How can Romans ever do so! How can they ever live in harmony with those + who have sold them and theirs so many times! who have precipitated us from + the first rank among the nations to the lowest! who have corrupted and + polluted our city! who have tortured our fathers and violated our + virgins!" + </p> + <p> + In his wrath Attilio's voice had risen until he literally shouted. + </p> + <p> + Silvio, more composed, said, "Speak lower, brother, thou knowest how we + are pursued; perchance there may even now be some accursed spy near. Be + patient, and for the present let us leave Regola in charge of our affairs, + and quit the city. In the country we have true and courageous friends. Let + us leave Rome until she is tired of being the laughing stock of these + leeches, who live by imposture and tyranny. Let us go. Our generous + countrymen will call us brigands, adventurers, as they did the Thousand + during the glorious expedition of Marsala, which astonished the world. + What matters it to us? Now, as then, we will work and watch for the + liberty of this our unhappy country. When she is willing to emancipate + herself, we will fly to her rescue." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0028" id="link2HCH0028"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXVIII. THE FOREST + </h2> + <p> + After walking for about two hours through the forest, where to Silvia's + and Clelia's inexperienced eyes there appeared to be no path ever trodden + by man, Orazio stopped at a clearing, and they beheld a small + pleasant-looking glade. Jack, the sailor, had proved of great use in + removing fallen branches strewn across the way, which would else have + greatly impeded the progress of the ladies. The weather had cleared up, + and although the wind still moved the crowns of the trees it fanned but + gently the cheeks of the fugitives. + </p> + <p> + "Signora, sit down here with your daughter," said their guide, pointing to + a large flat stone, "and take some rest, of which I see you are in need. + Jack and I will go in search of some food; but, before we do so, I will + spread my cloak upon your hard bench, that you may repose in greater + comfort." + </p> + <p> + Orazio was repaid with a graceful bow, and starting into the wood at a + rapid pace, accompanied by the sailor-boy, was soon hidden from their + view. + </p> + <p> + Silvia was really fatigued, but Clelia, being of a more elastic + constitution, and refreshed by her sound sleep during the past night, was + not so much fatigued; nevertheless, she found it very welcome to rest in + that agreeable place, where no human being save themselves was visible. + </p> + <p> + Yielding presently, however, to the vivacity of her age, the young girl + sprang up, and began to gather some pretty wild flowers she had observed, + and forming them into a bouquet, presented them with a smile to her + mother, and re-seated herself at her side. Just then, the report of a + musket re-echoed through the wood. Silvia was greatly startled by the + sudden echo in that lonely, silent retreat, which had in it something + solemn. + </p> + <p> + Clelia, perceiving the effect upon her mother, embraced her, and in + reassuring tones said, "That is only a shot from our friend, <i>mia madre</i>; + he will soon return with some game." + </p> + <p> + Silvia's color came back again, and very soon afterwards Orazio and Jack + rejoined the ladies, carrying between them a young boar, struck down by a + ball from the carbine of the Roman. + </p> + <p> + At Orazio's request, Clelia, who had some knowledge of the English + language, bade Jack gather some sticks and light a fire, which he did + willingly, and in a little time the cheerful pile was blazing before them. + </p> + <p> + Animal food may be necessary to man—in part a carnivorous animal—still + the trade of a butcher is a horrid one, while the continual dabbling in + the blood of dumb creatures, and cutting up their slaughtered carcasses + has something very repulsive in it. For our own part we would gladly give + up eating animal food, and as years pass on, we become more and more + averse to the destruction of these creatures, and can not even endure to + see a bird wounded, though formerly we delighted in the chase. + </p> + <p> + However, habit had made slaying and preparing the boar natural and easy to + Orazio, who, compelled to live in the forest, had, indeed, no choice in + the matter, being obliged either to kill game or starve. He laid the boar + upon the grass, and with his hunting-knife skinned a portion, and cutting + some substantial slices, fastened them on a skewer, cut by Jack out of a + piece of green wood, and laid them over the fire. When fairly cooked, he + presented them to the famished travellers. It was a roast well fitted to + appease the cravings of a moderate appetite, and the wild dinner was + heartily relished by all the parly. The meal was, indeed, a cheerful one, + much merriment being caused by the absurdities uttered by Jack, whom + Clelia was laughingly endeavoring to teach Italian. + </p> + <p> + The sailor is always a light-hearted fellow on land, and more particularly + after he has been a long time at sea. Jack, forgetting his narrow escape, + was now the gayest of the four, and, in the company of the gentle and + beautiful Clelia, did not envy his late shipmates, who were tossing on the + tempestuous ocean. For Orazio, his preserver, and the Italian ladies, his + gratitude knew no bounds, although he had but a vague idea of their + position and purposes. + </p> + <p> + When the repast was ended the party continued their journey, resting + occasionally by the way, and in this manner arrived, late in the + afternoon, in sight of one of those ancient edifices along the Ostian + shore which appear to have escaped the destroying touch of Time. It stood + away from the sea, on the edge of the forest, and at the entrance to a + vast plain; several fine oaks, many centuries old, were growing about it, + planted apparently by the original possessors, with some attempt at + regularity. + </p> + <p> + Orazio, begging the ladies to recline upon a mossy bank, stepped aside, + and drawing a small horn from his pouch, blew a blast, shrill and long. + The signal was answered by a similar sound from the ancient building, and + an individual, dressed much in Orazio's style, issued from it, who, + approaching the brigand with an air of respect, cordially saluted him. + </p> + <p> + Orazio took the new-comer's hand in a friendly manner, and, pointing to + his party, held a short conversation with him in an undertone. The man + then retired, and Orazio, returning to the ladies, begged them to rise, + and permit him to conduct them to this secure place of refuge. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0029" id="link2HCH0029"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXIX. THE CASTLE + </h2> + <p> + The period of highest glory for the ancient capital of the world vanished + with the Republic and the majestic simplicity of the republican system; + for after the battle of Zama, in which Hannibal was defeated by Scipio, + the Romans had no longer any powerful enemies. It therefore became easy to + conquer other nations, and, enriched by the spoils of the conquered, the + Romans gave themselves up to internal contentions, and to every kind of + luxury. In this way they were dragged down to the last stage of + degradation, and became the slaves of those whom they had enslaved. And + right well it befitted them that God should pay them in the same coin + which they counted out. The last generation of the Republic, however, had + truly a sunset grandeur about it, and splendid names. Before passing away + it presented to history some men at whom one can not but marvel Sartorius, + Marius, Sulla, Pompey, and Cæsar, were men of such stature that one alone + would suffice to illustrate the valor of a warlike nation. If perfection + in a military ruler were possible, Cæsar, with his superb qualities as a + general, needed only to possess the abnegation of Sulla to have been a + perfect type of the class. Less sanguinary than the Proscriber he + possessed more ambition, and desired to decorate his forehead with a + crown, for which he fell a victim, stabbed to the heart by the daggers of + the Roman republicans. Sulla was also a great general, and a reformer; he + struggled hard to wean the Romans from their vices, and even resorted to + terrible means, slaying at one time eight thousand persons with this view. + Subsequently, wearied with the ineffectual struggle against the tide of + the time, he assembled the people in the Forum, and, after reproaching + them for their incorrigible vices, declared, that as his power as Dictator + had failed to regenerate them, he would no longer retain that dignity, but + before he laid it aside he challenged the city to require from him an + account of his actions. Silence ensued, no man demanding redress, though + there were many present whose relatives and friends he had sacrificed. + With an austere mien he then descended from the tribunal, and mingled with + the crowd as a simple citizen. + </p> + <p> + The Empire rose on the ruins of the Republic. And here it may be remarked + that no Republic can exist unless its citizens are virtuous. This form of + government demands moral education and elevation. It was the vice and + degradation to which the Romans had sunk that inaugurated the Empire. + </p> + <p> + Among the emperors there were some less deplorable than others—such + as Trajan, Antonine, and Marcus Aurelius. The greater part, however, were + monsters, who, not satisfied with the enormous wealth they possessed, and + with their lofty position, set themselves to plunder the substance of + others. They sought every pretext for robbing the wealthy citizens. Many + of those, therefore, possessing wealth, retired from Rome—many + sought refuge in foreign lands, others in far distant parts of the + country, where they were safe from molestation. Among the latter, a + descendant of Lucullus, in the reign of Nero, built the original walls of + the antique castle where we left Clelia and her companions. + </p> + <p> + Peradventure, some of the enormous oaks by which it was surrounded had + sprung in but few removes from the acorns of the trees which shaded the + courtier of Nero. However this may be, the architecture of the castle is + certainly wonderful, and wonderfully preserved. The outbuildings are + covered with ivy, which age has rendered of extraordinary growth. The + interior had been completely modernized by mediaeval owners, and although + not adorned with all the luxuries of the nineteenth century, it contains + several dry-roofed and spacious apartments. Uninhabited for some time, die + castle had been almost buried out of sight by the surrounding trees, which + circumstance made it all the more suitable for Orazio and his proscribed + comrades. Built in dark and troublous times, this castle, like all those + of the same kind, possesses immense dungeons and subterranean passages + spreading over a large space in the bowels of the earth. Superstition also + guarded the lonely tower. Travellers making inquiries about the + neighborhood of the shepherds who tend their flocks in the forest + openings, had heard, and duly related, that somewhere in this district was + an ancient castle haunted by phantoms; that no one ever dared to enter it, + and that those unhappy beings who summoned up courage to approach its + gateway were never seen again. Moreover, was there not a story told that + the beautiful daughter of the wealthy Prince T———, when + staying with her family at Porto d'Anzo for the benefit of sea-bathing, + had one day wandered with her maids into the woods, where the affrighted + and helpless women saw their mistress carried up into the air by spirits, + and although every nook of the forest was searched by the command of her + distressed father, no traces of the young princess were ever afterwards + discovered. + </p> + <p> + To this haunt of marvels Orazio then conducted our travellers, as we have + before described. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0030" id="link2HCH0030"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXX. IRENE + </h2> + <p> + Upon the threshold of the castle, as our travellers drew near, stood a + young woman, whose appearance betokened the Roman matron, but of greater + delicacy perhaps than the ancient type. She numbered some twenty years; + and, though a charming smile spread itself over her lovely features, and + her eyes and soft abundant hair were extremely beautiful, still it was the + majestic natural bearing of Irene which struck the beholder. + </p> + <p> + As if unconscious of the presence of strangers, she ran to Orazio, and + folded him in a warm embrace, whilst the blush which glad love can excite + suffused both their faces, as they regarded each other with undisguised + affection. Then, turning to the two ladies, she bowed gracefully, and + welcomed them with a cordial salute, as Orazio said- + </p> + <p> + "Irene, I present to you the wife and daughter of Manlio, our renowned + sculptor of Rome." + </p> + <p> + Honest Jack was perfectly astounded at seeing so much beauty and grandeur + where he expected to find nothing except solitude and savage desert. But + his astonishment was greater still when he was invited along with the rest + into the castle, and beheld a table covered with a profusion of modest + comforts in a handsome and spacious dining-hall. + </p> + <p> + "You expected me, then, carissima?" observed Orazio, as he entered it, to + Irene. + </p> + <p> + "Oh, yes; my heart told me you would not pass another night away," was the + reply, and the lovers exchanged another look, which made the thoughts of + Clelia, as she beheld it, fly to Attilio, and we do not overstep the + bounds of truth if we say that Silvia also remembered her absent Manlio + with a sigh. + </p> + <p> + Jack, with the appetite of a boy of twelve after his very long walk, felt + nothing of the pangs of love, but much of those of hunger. + </p> + <p> + And now another scene amazed mother and daughter as well as the sailor, + who stood, indeed, with wide-open mouth staring at what seemed + enchantment, for as Orazio blew his horn again, fifteen new guests, one + after another, each fully armed and equipped like their leader, filed into + the room. The hour being late, there was little daylight in the apartment, + which gave to their entrance a more melodramatic air; but when the room + was lit up with a lamp, the open and manly countenances of the new comers + were seen, and inspired our party with admiration and confidence. The + strangers made obeisance to the ladies and their hostess. Orazio, placing + Silvia on his right hand, and Clelia on his left, Irene being seated by + her side, called out, "To table." When their chief (to whom they showed + great respect) was seated, the men took their places, silently, and Jack + found a vacant seat by the side of Syvia, which he took with calm + resignation to his good luck. The repast began with a toast "to the + liberty of Rome," which each drank in a glass of "vermuth," and then + eating commenced, the meal lasting some time. When all had appeased their + hunger, Irene rose, with a sweet grace, from the table, and conducted her + fair visitors to an upper chamber in the tower; and while a servant + prepared, according to her orders, some beds for her guests, exchanged + with them, after the universal manner of ladies, a few words about their + mutual histories. + </p> + <p> + Silvia's and Clelia's stories you already know, so it only remains for us, + who have the privilege of their confidence, to narrate what Irene imparted + to them. + </p> + <p> + "You will wonder to hear," said she, "that I am the daughter of Prince T———, + whom perhaps you know in Rome, as he is famous for his wealth. My father + gave me a liberal education, for I did not care about feminine + accomplishments, such as music and dancing, but was attracted by deeper + studies. I delighted in histories; and when I commenced that of our Rome, + I was thoroughly fascinated by the story of the republic, so full of deeds + of heroism and virtue, and my young imagination became exalted and + affected to such an extent that I feared I should lose my reason. + Comparing those heroic times with the shameful and selfish empire, and + more especially with the present state of Rome, under the humiliating and + miserable rule of the priest, I became inexpressibly sorry for the loss of + that ancient ideal, and conceived an intense hatred and disgust for those + who are the true instruments of the abasement and servility of our people. + With such a disposition, and such sentiments, you can imagine how + distasteful the princely amusements and occupations of my father's house + became to me. The effeminate homage of the Roman aristocracy—creatures + of the priest—and the presence of the foreigner palled upon me. + Balls, feasts, and other dissipations, gave me no gratification; only in + the pathetic ruins scattered over our metropolis did I find delight. On + horseback or on foot, I passed hours daily examining these relics of + Rome's ancient grandeur. + </p> + <p> + "When I attained my fifteenth year I was certainly better acquainted with + the edifices of the old architects, and our numerous ruins, than with the + needle, embroidery, and the fashions. I used to make very distant + excursions on horseback, accompanied by an old and trusty servant of the + family. + </p> + <p> + "One evening, when I was returning from an exploration, and crossing + Trastevere, some drunken foreign soldiers, who had picked a quarrel at an + inn, rushed out, pursuing one another with drawn swords. My horse took + fright, and galloped along the road, overleaping and overturning every + thing in his way, in spite of all my endeavors to check his speed. I am a + good rider, and kept a firm seat, to the admiration of the beholders; but + my steed continuing his headlong race, my strength began to fail, and I + was about to let myself fall—in which case I should certainly have + been dashed to pieces on the pavement had I done so—when a brave + youth sprang from the roadside, and, flinging himself before my horse, + seized the bridle with his left hand, and, as the animal reared and + stumbled, clasped me with the right. The powerful and sudden grasp of my + robust preserver caused the poor beast indeed to swerve sharply round, + and, striking one foot against the curb, he stumbled and fell, splitting + his skull open against the wall of a house. I was saved, but had fainted; + and when I returned to consciousness I found myself at home, in my own + bed, and surrounded by my servants. + </p> + <p> + "And who was my preserver? Of whom could I make inquiries? I sent for my + old groom, but he could tell me little, except that he had followed me as + quickly as he well could, and had arrived at the scene of the castastrophe + just as I was being carried into a house. All he knew was that my + deliverer seemed a young man, who had retired immediately after placing me + in the care of the woman of the house, who was very attentive when she + learned who I was. + </p> + <p> + "Still my ardent imagination, even in that dangerous moment, had traced + more faithfully than they the noble lineaments of the youth. His eyes had + but flashed an instantaneous look into mine, but it was indelibly + imprinted on my heart. I could never forget that face, which renewed at + last, as in my memory, the heroes of the past. I shall know him again, I + said to myself. He is certainly a Roman, and if a Roman, he belongs to the + race of the Quirites! my ideal people—the objects of my worship! + </p> + <p> + "You know the custom of visiting the Colosseum by moonlight, which then + displays its majestic beauty to perfection. Well, I went one night to view + it, guarded by the same old servant; and as I was coming back, and had + arrived at the turning of the road which leads from the Tarpeian to + Campidoglio, my servant was struck down by a blow from a cudgel, and two + men, who had concealed themselves in the shadow cast by an immense + building, sprang out upon me, and, seizing me by the arms, dragged me in + the direction of the Arch of Severus. I was terror-stricken and in + despair, when, as Heaven willed it, I heard a cry of anger, and we were + quickly overtaken by a man whom I recognized in the dim light as my late + preserver. He threw himself upon my assailants, and a fearful struggle + began between the three. My young athlete, however, managed to lay the + assassins in the dust, and returned to my side; but perceiving that my + servant had risen, and was approaching unhurt, he took my hand, and + kissing it respectfully, departed before I could recover from the sudden + shock of the unexpected attack, or could articulate a single word. + </p> + <p> + "I have no recollection of my mother, but my father, who loved me + tenderly, used to take me every year to bathe at Porto d'Anzo, for he knew + how much I delighted in the ocean, and how pleased I was to escape from + the aristocratic society of Rome, where, had he studied his own + inclinations, he would gladly have remained. My father possessed a little + villa not far from the sea, to the north of Porto d'Anzo, where we resided + during our visits to the Mediterranean, the sight of which I dearly loved. + Here I was happier than in Rome; but I felt a void in my existence, a + craving in my heart, which made me restless and melancholy. In fact, I was + in love with my unknown preserver. Often I passed hours in scrutinizing + every passer-by from the balcony of my window, hoping vainly to obtain a + glimpse of the man whose image was engraven upon my heart. If I saw a boat + or any small craft upon the sea, I searched eagerly, by the aid of my + telescope, among crew and passengers for the form of my idol. + </p> + <p> + "I did not dream in vain. Sitting alone in my balcony one evening, wrapped + in gloomy thoughts, and contemplating, almost involuntarily, the moon as + she rose slowly above the Pontine marshes, I was startled from my reverie + by the noise of something dropping to the ground from the wall surrounding + the villa. My heart began to beat violently, but not from fear. I fancied + I saw by the dim light a figure emerging from the shrubbery towards me. A + friendly ray from the moon illumined the face of the intruder as he + approached, and when I beheld the features I had sought for so many days + in vain I could not repress a cry of surprise and joy, and it required all + my womanly modesty to restrain a violent desire to run down the steps + leading to my balcony and embrace him. + </p> + <p> + "My love of solitude and disdain for the pleasures of the capital had kept + me in comparative ignorance of worldly things, and, with good principles, + I had remained an ingenuous, simple daughter of nature. + </p> + <p> + "'Irene,' said a voice which penetrated to the inmost recesses of my soul; + 'Irene, may I dare ask for the good fortune to say two words to you either + there or here?' + </p> + <p> + "To descend appeared to me to be more convenient than to permit him to + enter the rooms; I therefore went down immediately, and, forgetting, for + the moment, his fine speeches, in joy, he covered my hands with burning + kisses. Conducting me towards some trees, we sat down upon a wooden bench + under their shady branches side by side. He might have led me to the end + of the world at that strange and sweet moment had he pleased. + </p> + <p> + "For a while we remained silent; but presently my deliverer said, 'May I + ask pardon for this boldness—will you not grant it, my loved one?' I + made no reply, but allowed him to take possession of my hand, which he + kissed fervently. Presently he went on: 'I am only a plebeian, Irene—an + orphan. Both my parents perished in the defense of Rome against the + foreigner. I possess nothing on this earth but my hands and arms, and my + love for you, which has made me follow your footsteps.' + </p> + <p> + "Predisposed to love him even before I had heard his voice, now that his + manly yet gentle and impassioned tones fell upon my ear, I felt he might + do what he would with me—I was in an Eden. Yes, he belonged to me, + and I to him; but I could not find the voice to say so as yet. + </p> + <p> + "'Irene,' he continued, 'I am not only a portionless orphan, but an + outlaw, condemned to death, and pursued like a wild beast of the forest by + the bloodhounds of the Government. Yet I have presumed to hope that you + might be gentle to me for my love, with the strength of your generous + nature; and more so, alas! when I saw that you were unhappy, for I have + watched you unseen, and noted with sorrow and hope the melancholy + expression of your face. I am come, though your sweet kindness flatters + roe, Irene, to tell you these things which make it impossible, of course, + that you can ever be mine. I have no claim or right; but my ardent love, + the small services I have rendered you, have blessed me, and made me proud + and happy; therefore you owe me nought of gratitude. If I should ever have + the delight of laying down my life for yours, my happiness will then, + indeed, be complete. Adieu, Irene, farewell!' he continued, rising and + pressing my hand to his heart, while he turned to leave me. + </p> + <p> + "I had remained in an ecstasy of silent joy, forgetful of the world, of + myself, of all save him. At the word 'farewell,' I started as if + electrified; I ran to him, crying 'Stay, oh, stay!' and, clasping him by + the arm, drew him back to the bench, and quite forgetting all reserve + myself, exclaimed, 'Thou art mine, and I am thine for life! thine, yes + thine forever, my beloved!' + </p> + <p> + "He told me all his story—he pictured to me the hope and aim of his + life. His burning words of love for Italy and hatred of her tyrants added + to my strength of resolve. I replied that I would share his fortunes + forthwith as his wife, and with no regrets, except upon my father's + account. It was then arranged that we should live here together. A few + days of preparation, and we were privately married. I followed my Orazio + to the forest where ever since I have dwelt with him. I will not say I am + perfectly happy—no; but my only grief is the remembrance that my + disappearance accelerated, I fear, in a measure the death of my aged and + affectionate parent." + </p> + <p> + Tired as our poor Silvia was, she could not but listen with interest to + the narrative of Irene, down whose beautiful cheeks the tears coursed at + the mention of her father's name. Clelia, too, had not lost a single word, + and more than one sigh from her fair bosom seemed to say, during her + hostess's recital, "Ah, my Attilio! is he not also handsome, valorous, and + worthy of love, yes, of my love!" + </p> + <p> + But now, wishing repose to her guests, Irene bade them good-night. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0031" id="link2HCH0031"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXI. GASPARO + </h2> + <p> + The history of the Papacy is a history of brigands. From the mediæval + period robbers have been paid by that weak and demoralizing Government to + keep Italy in a state of ferment and internal war; and at this very day it + makes use of thieves to hold her in thraldom and hinder her regeneration. + I repeat, then, that the history of, the Papacy is a history of brigands. + </p> + <p> + Whoever visited Civita Vecchia in 1849 must have heard of Gasparo, the + famous leader of a band of brigands, a relative of the Cardinal A———. + </p> + <p> + Indeed, many persons paid a visit to that city simply for the purpose of + beholding so extraordinary a man. + </p> + <p> + Gasparo, at the head of his band, had long defied the Pontifical + Government, and sustained many encounters with the gendarmes and regular + troops, whom he almost invariably defeated and put to flight. + </p> + <p> + Failing to capture the brigand by force of arms, the Government had + recourse to stratagem. As I have already stated, Gasparo was related to a + cardinal, one of the most powerful at Court; and as they were both natives + of S———, where many of their mutual relations resided, + these relations were made use of by the Government to act as mediators + between it and the brigand, to whom it made several splendid offers. + </p> + <p> + Gasparo, putting faith in the promises made by his kinspeople at the + instance of the Government, disbanded his men, but was then shamefully + betrayed, arrested, and taken in chains to the prison in Civita Vecchia, + where he was found during the Republican period in 1849. + </p> + <p> + Prince T———, the brother of Irene, having obtained some + clue through the shepherds, whose description of a beautiful dweller in + the forest left little doubt upon his mind as to her identity, consulted + with the Cardinal A———, and determined at any cost to + recover his sister. + </p> + <p> + Although backed by the Government, and authorized to make use of the + regiment which he commanded, the Prince, from his ignorance of the many + hidden recesses in the forest, did not feel at all certain of success, and + in his dilemma applied to the Cardinal to secure for him the services of + the prisoner Gasparo, his relative, as a guide. + </p> + <p> + "It is a good thought," said the Cardinal. "Gasparo is better acquainted + with every inch of the forest than we are with the streets of Rome. + Besides, they say that such are his olfactory powers, that by taking a + handful of grass, and smelling at it, even at midnight, he could tell you + what portion of the forest you were in. He is old now, it is true; but he + has courage enough still to face even the devil himself." + </p> + <p> + When Gasparo heard he was to be conducted to Rome he gave himself up for + lost, and said to himself, "Better were it to die at once, for I am tired + of this miserable existence, only then I should go to my grave unrevenged + for the treachery and injury I have suffered at the hands of these + villainous priests." + </p> + <p> + Two squads of gendarmes, one on foot and the other mounted, conducted this + formidable brigand from Civita Vecchia to Rome. The Government would have + preferred moving him at night, but darkness would have facilitated his + rescue, which it feared some of his old companions might attempt if they + heard of his journey. It was therefore decided Gasparo should travel by + day, and the road was thronged by so dense a multitude, who pressed + forward to gaze at the celebrated chieftain, that the progress of the Pope + could scarcely have attracted greater numbers. + </p> + <p> + Arrived in Rome, Gasparo was afterwards introduced into the presence of + his relative, Cardinal A———, and the Prince T———, + who, with many words and promises of a large reward in gold, to all + appearance prevailed upon him to assist them to destroy the bands of + "libertines" by which the forest was infested. + </p> + <p> + Rejoicing in such a chance of escape and opportunity for revenge upon his + persecutors, Gasparo affected to be delighted at the proposition, and + consented to it with much apparent pleasure. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0032" id="link2HCH0032"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXII. THE SURPRISE + </h2> + <p> + Silvia, Clelia, and Jack, had passed several days very pleasantly in the + Castle of Lucullus, as the guests of Orazio and Irene. + </p> + <p> + Among Orazio's band were several well-connected men, whose friends in the + city, unknown to the Government, sent them regularly sums of money, which + enabled them to supply the table of their chief. The gallantry of the + young Romans to the "Pearl of Trastavere" was profound. Clelia would have + been more glad to have had her Attilio at her side; and Silvia, the gentle + Silvia, sighed when she remembered the uncertain fate of her Manlio; but + the two ladies were nevertheless well pleased. As for Jack, he was the + happiest being on earth, for Orazio had presented him with one of the + carbines taken from the brigands who had assaulted Manlio and his party; + and it was inseparable from him in all his hunting and reconnoitring + excursions in the woods. + </p> + <p> + One day Orazio took the sailor with him to seek a stag, and directed Jack + to beat, whilst he placed himself in ambush. Their arrangements were so + effective, that, in less than half an hour, a hart crossed Orazio's path. + He fired, and wounded him, but not mortally; he therefore fired a second + time, and, with a cry, the noble animal fell. + </p> + <p> + As he discharged his second shot, Orazio heard a rustling in the bushes + near him. Listening for a second, he was convinced some one was + approaching from the thickest part of the cover. Jack it could not be; he + was too far off to have returned so quickly. + </p> + <p> + A suspicion that he was to be the object of an attack caused him to curse + involuntarily as he looked at the empty barrels of his carbine. He was not + mistaken; for, hardly had he placed the butt-end of his gun upon the + ground in order to reload it, than a head, more like that of some wild + creature than a human being, was thrust from between the bushes. + </p> + <p> + To the valorous fear is a stranger, and our Roman, who was truly brave, + sprang forward, dagger in hand, to confront the apparition, who, however, + exclaimed, "Hold!" in such a tone of authority and <i>sang-froid</i>, that + Orazio fell back astonished, and paused. + </p> + <p> + The stranger was armed from head to foot, and had, as we have said, a + striking appearance. His head, covered with a tangled mass of hair, white + as snow, was surmounted by a Calabrian hat; his beard was grizzled, and as + bristly as the chine of a wild boar, concealing almost the whole of his + face, out of which, nevertheless, glared two fiery eyes. Held erect and + placed upon magnificent shoulders, years had not bowed nor persecution + subjugated that daring neck. His broad chest was covered by a dark velvet + vest; around his waist was buckled the inseparable cartridge-box. A velvet + coat, and leather gaiters buttoned at the knee, completed his costume. + </p> + <p> + "I am not your enemy, Orazio," said Gasparo—for it was he—"but + am come to warn you of an approaching danger, which might prove your ruin, + and that of your friends." + </p> + <p> + "That you are not my enemy, I am assured," replied Orazio; "for you might, + had you chosen, have killed me before I found a chance of defending + myself. I know well that Gasparo can handle a gun skillfully." + </p> + <p> + "Yes," answered the bandit, "there was a time when I needed not to fire + many second shots at deer or wild boar, but now my eyes are beginning to + fail me; yet I shall not be behind my companions when the time for + attacking the common enemy arrives. But let us talk a while, for I have + important news to communicate to you." + </p> + <p> + Seating himself upon the trunk of a fallen tree, Gasparo related to Orazio + the projects of the Papal court, aided by Prince T——— at + the head of his regiment; and how he himself had been sent for, from + confinement, to assist the Prince in discovering the retreat of the + "Liberals;" also how, burning to be revenged upon the priestly Government, + he had effected his escape, and now offered his services, and those of his + adherents, to Orazio, on the simple condition of being accepted among the + "Liberals" as one of their band. + </p> + <p> + "But, Gasparo, you have so many serious crimes to answer for, if the + reports about you be true, that we could not possibly admit you into our + company," observed Orazio. + </p> + <p> + "Crimes!" repeated the friendly brigand; "I own no crimes but those of + having purged society from some bloody and powerful villains and their + wicked agents. Is that a crime? and is it a crime to have helped the needy + and the oppressed? or do you believe that, if I had been a mere paltry + criminal, the Government would have been in such awe of me, or that I + should have been so beloved by the populace? The Government fears me + because I have no sin upon my soul but resentment against its wickedness, + and because it is conscious of having betrayed me in a cowardly and + deceitful manner, and that, when I return once more to my free life, I + shall make it pay dearly for its deceit and treachery. + </p> + <p> + "Yes, I have sometimes," he continued, after a pause, "made use of my + carbine as an instrument of justice, in accordance with the laws of + humanity, of righteousness. Can the priests say as much of their accursed + scaffold?" + </p> + <p> + Jack arriving at this moment, Orazio explained by signs that the stranger + was friendly; and, after making preparations to carry off the game, they + returned with Gasparo to the castle, to equip themselves against the + approaching assault. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0033" id="link2HCH0033"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXIII. THE ASSAULT + </h2> + <p> + The Prince having ascertained from other spies—who proved more + docile than Gasparo—that the band of "Liberals" were occupying the + castle of Lucullus, made active arrangements to besiege it, and, after + approaching the place, disposed his men in such a manner that it might be + surrounded on all sides, so that escape from it in any direction should be + impossible. The brother of Irene—like many other generals—committed + the error of spreading his men over a large space of ground, and detaching + a number of sentinels, pickets, videttes, and scouts, so as to leave + himself with too small a body against assailants. + </p> + <p> + Not knowing the exact site of the castle, Prince + </p> + <p> + T——— had sent Gasparo on to explore, who took advantage + of his freedom, as the reader is aware, to desert to the threatened little + garrison. Impatient at his prolonged absence, the Prince commanded his + officers to cause their men—about a thousand strong—to narrow + the circle, and to assault the castle when each column arrived in sight of + it. As might be expected, so complex a scheme proved unfortunate. The + detachment to the north, commanded by the Prince in person, marched in a + straight line for the tower; but the others, partly through the ignorance + of the officers, and partly through the disinclination of the guides to + begin the affray, instead of following the right path, struck out into the + wood, and were soon in inextricable confusion, calling hither and thither + to each other, and often returning to the point from which they started. + In this way several hours were lost. + </p> + <p> + The Prince, with two hundred of his most serviceable men, arrived, + however, within sight of the spot, which they only discovered about four + o'clock in the afternoon, and then perceived, to their chagrin, that + preparations for defense had been made. But reckoning on the numbers of + his troops, and on the co-operation of the other detachments, he drew his + sword, disposed of half his men as skirmishers, and keeping the other half + as a reserve, ordered the signal to be given for attack. + </p> + <p> + Orazio and his young Romans could have avoided the combat by taking refuge + in the subterranean passages, but disdaining a retreat before measuring + his strength with the Papal mercenaries, he determined to show fight, and + upon returning to the castle with Gasparo, hastened to have the doors + barricaded and holes made in the walls for the musketeers, while every + necessary instrument was put in readiness for the siege. + </p> + <p> + The young leader hod ordered his men not to fire at the enemy so long as + they were at a distance, but to wait until they were close under the + walls, so that each might shoot down his man. The assailants advanced + boldly on the castle, and the front rank of skirmishers had nearly reached + the threshold, when a general discharge from the guns of those within laid + nearly as many of the Papal troops on the ground as there were shots + fired. This sudden discharge disconcerted those behind, who, seeing so + many of their comrades fall, turned and fled. The Prince, with his column, + was treading sharply on the heels of the skirmishers, and arrived at this + juncture. + </p> + <p> + Orazio had taken the precaution to have all the spare fire-arms in the + tower loaded and placed ready for use, and now commanded the domestics to + help the ladies to reload them as soon as they were discharged. Jack, + however, declined to remain with the women, as Orazio had proposed, and + seizing his musket placed himself at the side of his preserver, following + him like a shadow throughout the attack. + </p> + <p> + When the Prince arrived under cover of the outer mound and saw the + slaughter that had taken place, he understood at last the disposition of + the enemy with whom he had to deal. Remarking the fear depicted on the + countenances of his men, and seeing retreat under such a murderous fire would + be disastrous, to say nothing of the disgrace of such a movement, he + resolved to storm the wall. He passed the word, accordingly, to his + aides-de-camp, by whom he was surrounded, to order the trumpets to sound + the charge, and, springing forward himself, he was the first to climb the + barricade, striking right and left with his sabre at the few defenders + posted there. + </p> + <p> + Orazio, who was among these few, stood without moving at the first sight + of the Prince, in whose lineaments he traced so plainly the likeness to + his beloved Irene. One of the barrels of his musket was still + undischarged, and he could easily have sent the contents through the body + of his enemy, but he refrained. Jack, who was standing by his side, not + understanding the cause of this hesitation, raised his gun to a level with + the Prince's breast and fired; but as he did so Orazio knocked up the + muzzle with all the force of his strong arm, and the ball struck one of + the Prince's men, who had just appeared above the barricade. The Prince's + followers who mounted with him were few in number, and those few were + quickly dispatched by the valiant garrison of the castle. + </p> + <p> + An unexpected circumstance finally freed our party from their assailants + and made them fly in every direction, scattered like a flock of sheep. + </p> + <p> + As the officers were urging the men crowded under the barricades to follow + their Prince, a cry of "Enemies in the rear!" was heard from the east side + of the wood. A small band of ten men appearing, sprang like lions on the + right flank of the little army. The soldiers, in the panic, thinking the + "ten" might be a hundred, dispersed like chaff before the wind. Some few + paused, hoping that the new-comers might prove to be some of their own + missing allies, but upon a nearer view it was plain that they were dressed + in the uniform of the Liberals, and the blows they dealt upon the nearest + Papalini were so terribly in earnest, that these last turned and fled in + dismay, leaving their opponents masters of the field and the Prince a + prisoner. Realizing the generous act of his enemy, and finding out that he + was left alone, he delivered up his sword to Orazio, who received it + courteously, and conducted him to the presence of Irene. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0034" id="link2HCH0034"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXIV. A VALUABLE ACQUISITION + </h2> + <p> + The most earnest reformer most confess that immense progress has been made + during the present century. We are not speaking of mechanical or physical + arts, in which the advance is really wonderful, but we are thinking solely + of the political and moral achievements of the age. + </p> + <p> + The emancipation of the nations from the power of the priest is a vast + object not yet attained, but towards the accomplishment of which, + nevertheless, our generation is making gigantic strides. + </p> + <p> + Above all, this progress seems marvellous and divinely impelled, when one + remembers that the gradual destruction of priestcraft is the work of the + priesthood itself. What enduring consolidation would not the Papacy have + obtained, had Pius IX. continued the system of reform with which he + commenced his reign, and sincerely identified himself with the Italian + nation! An overruling Providence, however, blinded the eyes of the + wavering monk for the good of his unfortunate people, and left him to + travel on the perverse and misguided road of his predecessors—that + is to say, to trade away Roman honor and Christian spirit for the help of + the foreigner, vilely selling the blood of his countrymen. The Italian + nation, which might have been so well and long deceived, has now seen + these impostors, the priests, walking with cross in hand at the head of + the foreign troops pitted against Italian patriots. The writer has with + his own eyes more than once witnessed priests leading the Austrians + against the Liberals. To serve the Papacy they have excited and maintained + brigandage, devastating the southern provinces with horrible crimes, and + fomenting by every means in their power the dissolution of national unity, + so happily but hardly constituted. + </p> + <p> + Another sign of human progress in our day is the closer tie establishing + itself between the aristocracy and the people. There still exist some + oligarchs everywhere, more or lest callous, more or less insolent, who + affect the arrogance and authority of former times, when the outrageous + and intolerable feudal pretensions were in full force. But they are few in + number, and the greater part of the nobility (noble not only by birth, but + in soul) associate with os, and mingle their aspirations with ours. + </p> + <p> + To this last type belonged the brother of Irene, who undertook the unlucky + military affair we related in the last chapter, with the idea of rescuing + his beloved sister from the brigands, into whose hands he believed she had + fallen an unwilling victim. But when he learned that those he had fought + against were Romans of noble and lofty spirit, and very far from the + assassins he had pictured, he did not fail to compliment the valor of his + countrymen; and when he further learned that Qrazio, to whose generosity + he owed his life, was the legal husband of his sister, and that she loved + him so tenderly, his maimer and opinion changed entirely. + </p> + <p> + These considerations had pleaded already in favor of Irene, who, upon + seeing her brother, threw herself at his feet, clasping his knees in a + flood of tears, which flowed the faster at the remembrance of her dead + father, whom he represented in face and voice. + </p> + <p> + The Prince, raising her gently, mingled his tears with hers, as he + affectionately embraced her. Orazio, touched to the depths of his soul, + was also affected, and taking the Prince's sword by the point, handed it + back to him, saying, "So noble a soldier ought not to be deprived, even by + accident, of his weapon." The Prince accepted it with gratitude, and shook + the bronzed hand of this son of the forest amicably. + </p> + <p> + And Clelia! what had made her rush away from this charming scene? what had + she heard amid the noise of the conflict? She had recognized the voice of + her Attilio during the assault, and for her and him too this was a supreme + moment. Yes, during the battle, when the shouts of the new-comers made the + arches of the castle ring again, Clelia distinguished her betrothed's + voice. She threw down a gun which she was loading, and rushed to a + balcony, whence she could survey the scene of action. For one second, + through the smoke, she obtained a view of the face engraven upon her + heart, but that second was sufficient to make her feel surpassingly happy. + Attilio, indeed, it was, who, with Silvio, Muzio, and some other + companions, had thus charged and scattered the Papal troops. + </p> + <p> + Silvio, it must be known, was well acquainted with the castle of Lucullus, + where he had often been a guest, as well as the associate of Orazio in his + hunting and fighting expeditions. Through him a communication was kept up + between the Liberals in the city and those in the country. Before quitting + Rome he had come to the determination of taking the field, and placing + himself under Orazio's flag, and, as we have seen, he happily arrived with + his associates just in time to give the last blow to the Papal soldiers. + </p> + <p> + The gentle reader must himself imagine the joy in the castle caused by the + arrival of friends who could contribute so powerfully to the safety of the + proscribed—what interrogations! what embracings! what inquiries + after parents, relatives, and friends! what new and happy hopes! what soft + illusions, dreams of peace and rest! + </p> + <p> + "Oh, my own, my own!" whispered Clelia, when Attilio for the first time + imprinted a kiss upon her beautiful brow, "thou art mine and I am thine, + in spite of the wicked priests, in spite of the world." + </p> + <p> + The smell of the gunpowder had perhaps turned her dear little head, so + that we may pass over the slight indiscretion of such confessions. She + should have been more coquettish, but she was a Roman girl, and her love + was true. And is not true love sublime, heroic, such as these two happy + beings bore to one another? Is it not the life of the soul, the incentive + of all that is noble, the civilizer of the human race? + </p> + <p> + The Liberals had a glorious acquisition in the person of Prince T———; + he was entirely converted by the scenes he had witnessed and the words + which he heard; for, generous and brave by nature, he felt the humiliation + of his country, and desired to see her liberated from the bad government + of the priest and the foreigner. Educated away from Rome, however, and + moving in a different sphere from those patriots who held in their hands + the plot of the Revolution, he had remained in ignorance of much that was + passing, and had even accepted, at his father's desire, a post in the + Pontifical army, which removed him farther than ever from the influence of + our brave friends. But a film had now passed from his sight, and he saw at + last with clearer vision the greatness of Italy's future, and how surely + Italy—now divided into so many parts, despised and scorned by the + world—should yet be re-united, and become one grand and noble + nation, looked up to and respected as in the days of her past glory, as + the patriotic Italians of all periods have ever dreamed and prayed she + should be. + </p> + <p> + The Prince was enchanted with his new quarters and with his new + companions, and vowed to himself to live and die for the sacred cause of + his country. + </p> + <p> + Rich, powerful, and generous, he became in future the strongest supporter + of the proscribed, and they had reason to congratulate themselves for + having put faith and hope in so noble a patriot, and one whom they had + thus doubly conquered. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0035" id="link2HCH0035"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXV. THE AMELIORATION OF MANKIND + </h2> + <p> + Orazio having received and welcomed his friend and brethren, now began to + think of their general safety. He therefore called aside Attilio and the + Prince (who by this time had become firmly devoted to them and the + national cause), and addressed them as follows:- + </p> + <p> + "It is true we have been victorious in our last encounter, and have + vanquished you, Prince, whose noble conduct now conquers our hearts; but I + fear now this castle has become too notorious for us to remain longer in + it in safety. The Government will employ every means in its power to hunt + us out of our retreat and to destroy us, and is capable of sending a whole + army with artillery to demolish these old walls. I do not, however, advise + an immediate retreat, as the Cardinals will require time to form projects + and make arrangements; but it behoves us now to use all vigilance, and + from this moment to ascertain the movements of the enemy and guard against + surprise. As for yourself, Prince, you had better return to Rome; your + presence here is not needed for the present, and there you may be of the + greatest use to us. Let it be thought that you were set at liberty on + parole, on condition that you would not bear arms against us, and then + send in your resignation." + </p> + <p> + "Yes," replied the Prince, "I can be of more service to you in Rome, and I + pledge my word of honor to be yours until death." + </p> + <p> + Attilio was of the same opinion, and added that Regolo would advise them + of the movements of the Pontifical troops. On the Prince desiring some + secure means of remaining with them, Attilio presented him with a piece of + paper—so small that it might easily be swallowed in case of + emergency—containing a line of recommendation for the Prince to + Regolo. + </p> + <p> + The rest of the day was devoted to the interment of the dead, of which + there were not a few, and to tending the wounded, nearly all of whom were + Papalini. Three of the Liberals only were wounded, and those not + seriously. This proves that, in the strife of battle, the valorous run the + least danger; and if the statistics of the field were referred to, it + would be seen that fugitives lose more men than any army which stands its + ground. + </p> + <p> + At midnight the Prince started for Rome. And who acted as his guide? Who, + but Gasparo, the veteran chief of the bandits in old times, now an + affiliated Liberal, as he had proved in the last affray, in which he had + done wonders with his unerring carbine. + </p> + <p> + I who write this am well persuaded of the truth of the perpetual + amelioration of the human race. I am wholly opposed to the cynic and the + pessimist, and believe with all my heart and soul in the law of human + progress by various agencies, under many forms, and with many necessary + interruptions. Providence has willed that happiness shall be the final end + of this sad planet and suffering race; but Its decrees work slowly, and + only by the submission of mankind to the higher law of light is happiness + attainable. Not by miracles will men become regenerated. Voltaire has well + said- + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + "J'en al vaincu plu d'un, + Je n'ai forco personne, + Et le vrai Dieu, mon fils, + Est un Dieu qui pardonne." +</pre> + <p> + If humanity does not improve along with the progress of knowledge, as it + should do, the fault must lie with the various governments, for with kind + treatment and judicious care, even the wild beasts of the forest become + domesticated, and their fierce passions are tamed. What, then, may we not + accomplish with the very lowest grade of mankind? But can any thing be + expected from a people kept purposely in ignorance, and reduced to misery + by exaction, imposts, and taxes? We know that these taxes and exactions + are not, as it is stated, imposed upon the Romans for the defense of the + state, or for the support and maintenance of national honor, but to fatten + the Pontifical Government and its multitude of parasites, who are to the + people what vermin are to the body, or what the worm is to the corpse, and + who exist only to plunder and devour. Who can deny that the people of + Southern Italy were more prosperous in 1860 than at the present day, and + is not the reason because they were better governed? + </p> + <p> + In those days brigandage was scarcely known; there were no prefects, no + gendarmes, no bravos. Now, with the multitude of satellites who ruin + Italian finance existing in the South, anarchy, brigandage, and misery + prevail. Poor people! They hoped, after so many centuries of tyranny, and + after the brilliant revolution of 1860, to obtain in a reformed Government + an era of repose, of progress, and of prosperity. Alas, it was but a + delusion! "Put not your trust in princes," says Holy Writ. + </p> + <p> + Gasparo had baptized himself a Liberal in the Wood of the oppressors. He + was received by the young brigand with indulgence, and even enthusiasm, + and intrusted, as already mentioned, with the important mission of + conducting Prince T——— out of the forest into the direct + road to Rome. + </p> + <p> + The prediction of Orazio respecting the steps that would be taken by the + Papal Government fulfilled itself exactly. After the reverse it had + sustained at the castle of Lucullus, the bishops decided in council to + send a large body of troops, with artillery, against this stronghold of + the Liberals; and as it was thought they would not tarry long for such a + descent, the resolution was to carry the assault into immediate execution. + </p> + <p> + With this in view, it was determined that not only the Papal, but also the + foreign troops at the service of the Pope, should be drawn upon for the + expedition. A foreign general of note was called in to direct the + enterprise, and every thing was made ready with alacrity, that the + critical assault might be delivered on Easter Day, generally so propitious + to the priests, who on that occasion, after their long fast, gorge even + more than usual their capacious stomachs at the expense of their ignorant + and superstitious flocks. + </p> + <p> + Orazio and his companions meanwhile were not sleeping, and received + regular information from their friends in Rome of the plans and + preparations made by the Pontifical Government, albeit it kept them as + secret as possible. The first thing Orazio did was to explore the + subterranean passages thoroughly. These were known, even to him, only + partially, and a few of his comrades; but Gasparo, who had already + returned from his mission, had had better opportunities of examining them, + and, with his assistance, a thorough exploration was to be made. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0036" id="link2HCH0036"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXVI. THE SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGES + </h2> + <p> + Among the wonders of the Metropolis of the World, the catacombs or + subterranean vaults and passages are certainly not the least. The first + Christians, persecuted with atrocious cruelty by the pagan imperial + government of Rome, sought refuge for safety occasionally in the + catacombs; and sometimes, also, that they might assemble without incurring + suspicion, in larger numbers, to instruct themselves in the doctrines of + their new religion. These subterranean passages were also undoubtedly the + resort of fugitive slaves and other miserable beings, who sought refuge + from the tyrannical government of imperial Rome, over which have presided + some of the direst monsters that ever existed—Heliogabalus, Nero, + Caligula, and other despots in purple. + </p> + <p> + Among these subterranean passages there are, it appears, different kinds. + Some were constructed for the purpose of receiving the dead, others were + used as water conduits, and supplied the city with rivers of fresh water + for a population of two millions. The cloaca maxima, which led from Rome + to the sea, is very famous, as well as many smaller hidden roads, + constructed by wealthy private individuals, at an enormous expense, in + which they could secrete themselves from the depredations of those + greatest of all robbers the emperors, and in later times from the + persecution and massacre of the barbarians. + </p> + <p> + The soil on which Rome is built, as well as that in its immediate + neighborhood, offers great facilities to the excavator, being composed of + volcanic clay, easy to pierce, yet sufficiently solid and impenetrable to + damp to form a secure habitation. In fact, to this day many shepherds, + with their flocks, lodge in these artificial caverns. + </p> + <p> + Before the exploration of the subterranean passages of the castle, it was + thought desirable to send the severely wounded to Rome, attended by those + who were only slightly injured, and conducted by some shepherds. Among the + Liberals very few were wounded, and none severely so. Many of the + Papilini, moreover, requested permission to remain and follow the fortunes + of the proscribed, for there are not many Italian soldiers, however + debased, who willingly serve the priesthood; and there is no doubt that + when the hour for liberating Italy and Rome from their pollution arrives, + not a soldier, with the exception of the foreign mercenaries, will remain + to protect them. + </p> + <p> + After dispatching the wounded, Orazio and his men removed to the + subterranean passages all that the castle contained which was valuable and + useful, with provisions of all kinds to last for some time, and then + awaited calmly the coming of the enemy. They did not fail to take all + military precautions, and that in spite of the notices from Rome of every + movement of the enemy, Orazio also sent scouts and placed sentinels in all + directions, that he might be apprised at the earliest moment of their + approach. + </p> + <p> + The original party had been considerably augmented by the arrival of + Attilio and his followers, as well as by those of the Roman soldiers who + had resolved to serve the priest no longer, not to mention certain youths + from the capital, who, having heard of the victory won by the Liberals, + determined forthwith to join them. They now numbered sixty individuals, + without counting the women, while Orazio's authority over his band was + increased rather than lessened by this addition, and Attilio, although at + the head of the Roman party, and commander of the "Three Hundred," showed + the greatest fidelity in obeying the orders of his brave and warlike + brother in arms. + </p> + <p> + Orazio divided his little army into four companies, under the command of + Attilio, Muzio, Silvio, and Emilio the antiquary. The latter had been + second in command before the advent of the chief of the Three Hundred, but + made it a point of honor to yield this post to him. A generous dispute + ensued, which would never have ended, had not Orazio persuaded Attilio to + accept the first command, and assigned the second to Emilio. Such was the + disinterestedness of these champions of Rome's liberty. "Freedom for Rome + or death!" was their motto. Little did they care for grades, distinctions, + or decorations, which they indeed held as instruments used by despotism to + corrupt one half of the nation, and humiliate and hold in bondage the + other half. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0037" id="link2HCH0037"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXVII. THE ANTIQUARY + </h2> + <p> + It was Easter Eve. Every thing in the antique monument was in readiness + for the siege, and those of the band who were not on duty were assembled + with Orazio and the ladies in the spacious dining-hall. After a truly + Homeric supper, which was enlivened by some patriotic toasts, Emilio the + antiquary, who desired to put them on their guard against any contretemps + that might arise, asked permission of his commander to speak a few words. + Consent being given, Emilio began thus:- + </p> + <p> + "As we shall soon have to take refuge in the subterranean passages, I + wish, by way of precaution, to narrate a circumstance that happened to me + a few years ago in the vicinity of Rome. You all remember the superb + mausoleum of Cecilia Metella, erected by a Roman patrician in honor of his + daughter, who died in her twelfth year. + </p> + <p> + "You know, too, that that mausoleum is beautiful among all our ruins, and, + like the Pantheon, one of the best preserved. But what you do not, + perhaps, know, is that under it is the opening to a subterranean passage, + leading no one knows whither. One day I determined to investigate this + dark place, and as, in my youthful folly and pride, I thought I should not + have so much merit if I were accompanied by any one, I resolved to go + alone. Providing myself with an immense ball of twine, so large that I + could scarcely grasp it, and a bundle of tapers, some bread, and a flask + of wine, I ventured out very early in the morning, descended into the + bowels of the earth, having previously secured the end of my twine at the + entrance to the tunnel, and commenced my mysterious journey. Onward, + onward I went under the gloomy arches, and the farther I went the more my + curiosity was excited. It appeared truly astounding to me that any human + being destined by God to dwell upon the earth, and enjoy the fruits and + blessed light of the sun, should ever have condemned himself to perpetual + darkness, or have worked so hard, like the mole, to construct such a + secure but fearful habitation. Wretched, and bitterly terrified, although + rich, must have been those who, at the cost of so much labor, excavated + these gigantic works for hiding-places. + </p> + <p> + "While such thoughts were passing through my mind, I continued to walk, + lighted by my taper, unrolling my ball at the same time, and endeavoring + to follow in a direction originally indicated by the narrow passage at the + entrance; but I discovered that the gloomy lane gradually widened, and was + supported by columns of clay, from between which opened various alleys, + spreading out in all directions. These were fantastically and + unsymmetrically arranged, as if the architect had wished to involve any + trespassers in an inextricable labyrinth. The observations I made troubled + me somewhat, and I speak frankly when I say that I occasionally felt my + courage failing me, and was several times on the point of turning back, + but Pride cried, 'Of what use were these preparations if your expedition + is to be a failure?' + </p> + <p> + "I felt ashamed of myself for my terror; besides, had I not my guiding + thread that would lead me back to security? Onward I went again, unwinding + my twine, and lighting, from time to time, a fresh taper, as each became + consumed. At last I came to the end of my twine, and, much to my + discontent, I had encountered nothing but a profound solitude. I was tired + and rather discouraged at having such a long road to retrace. While I + stood contemplating my position, and holding the end of the thread firmly, + lest I should lose it, and anxiously regarding my last taper, which I + feared every moment would be extinguished, I heard a rustling, as of a + woman's dress, behind me, and, while turning round to discover the cause, + a breath blew out my light, some one tore the thread violently out of my + fingers, and my arms were seized with such force that the very bones + seemed to crack, while a cloth was thrown over my head, completely + blinding me. + </p> + <p> + "A presentiment of danger is oft times harder to bear than the danger + itself. I had felt very much terrified when I first heard the footsteps + approaching me, but now that I was being led by the hand like a child, my + fear fled: I had to do with flesh and blood. I walked boldly along. + Although I was blinded, I was conscious another light had been struck, and + that the touch and footsteps near me were those of living beings, and not + of spirits. In this manner I proceeded for some minutes, and then the veil + or bandage was removed from my eyes, and, to my amazement, I found myself + in a small room, brilliantly illuminated, with a table in the centre + splendidly laid out, around which sat twenty hearty fellows feasting + merrily." + </p> + <p> + During the antiquary's narrative, a smile had passed over Gasparo's face + from time to time; now he rose, and extending his hand to Emilio, said, + with some motion- + </p> + <p> + "Ah, my friend, were you then that incautious explorer? I dwelt in the + catacombs in those days with my band; and the emissaries of Rome, before + venturing into them, generally made their wills, if prudent. The woman who + blew out your light, and who afterwards showed you so much kindness was my + Alba, who died a short time since from grief on account of my sufferings + and imprisonment." + </p> + <p> + "Oh!" exclaimed the antiquary, "was it you who sat at the head of the + table, and received as much homage from your men as if you had been in + reality a sovereign?" + </p> + <p> + "Yes, it was I," replied the bandit, somewhat mournfully, noting Emilio's + surprise; "years and the irons and cruelties of those wretched men calling + themselves ministers of God have wrinkled my forehead and silvered these + hairs. But my conscience is pure. I have treated every unhappy creature + kindly, and you know whether you received any harm from us, or if even a + hair of your head were touched. I wished only to humiliate those proud + voluptuaries who live in luxury and vice at the expense of suffering + humanity; and with God's help and yours, although I am old, I yet hope to + see my country freed from their monstrous yoke." + </p> + <p> + "Yes," answered the antiquary affectionately, "I received the greatest + kindness from you and your lady. I shall never forget it as long as I + live." + </p> + <p> + And then turning to the company, he continued his recital: + </p> + <p> + "I was much shaken by my solitary exploration, and a little, too, by my + unexpected encounter; and was so feverish inconsequence, that I was + compelled to remain two days in the subterranean abode; and during that + time I received, as you have heard, the greatest care and the most + delicate attentions from the amiable Alba, who not only provided me with + every necessary, but watched assiduously by my pillow. Having regained my + strength at the end of the two days, I requested to be allowed to depart, + and was conducted by a new and shorter road into the light of the sun, + which I had thought never to see again. Upon giving my word of honor not + to betray the secret of their existence, two of the band pointed out the + road to Rome, and left me to pursue my way." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0038" id="link2HCH0038"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE ROMAN ARMY + </h2> + <p> + "Now opens before us," says the great writer on ancient Italy, "that + splendid region in which man grew to grander stature than in any other + part of the world, and displayed prodigies of energy and moral judgment. + We are about to enter that land consecrated by heroic virtues, from which + came a light of empire that illumined the universe. To that proud life has + since succeeded deep death; and now in many places of ancient majesty you + will find nought but ruins—monuments of departed grandeur amidst + vast deserts of death—dreary solitude, and the decayed achievements + of man. The city of the rulers of the world fell, but the remains of her + past glories can not be destroyed. They have for ages sent, and still send + forth a mighty voice, which breaks the silence of her grave, proclaiming + the greatness of those ancient inhabitants. The country of the Latins is + desolate, but grand in its desolation; an austere nature adds solemnity to + the vacant sites of the cities, their sepulchres, and relics. In the midst + of a wilderness, at every step, one meets with tokens of a bygone power + that overawes the imagination. Frequently, in the same spot, on the same + stone, the traveller reads the record of the joys and the sorrows of + generations divided by prodigious intervals of time. Here, also, are to be + seen the columns of those temples in which the priests of old, with their + auguries and idols, deceived the people, and reduced them to moral + slavery. + </p> + <p> + "In this, however, little is changed; for farther on may be viewed modern + temples, in which religion is still made an instrument of infamous + tyranny. Sadnesses ancient and sadnesses modern blend together; memories + of past dominations, and tokens of dominations ruling down to the present + day. + </p> + <p> + "If the far-off cry of the wretched plebeians whom the savage aristocracy + of a past age precipitated from the cliff, makes us shudder, shall we not + feel something akin to this when we hear the cry of living victims of + Popish fury imprisoned in dungeons in our own day? Mingled with the ashes + of the leaders of the ancient people, you may here dig up those of the + martyrs of our own age, who shed their blood for the new Republic, and + fell protesting against the bitter dominion of the priesthood; and + pondering over these memories, antique and recent, each true Roman may + draw comfort for his afflicted soul, seeing that, in spite of the passage + of centuries, and the debasing strength of tyrannies, the children of + Rome, far as they are from her heroic days, have never quite lost the + energy of their forefathers, and thence, on this soil of auguries each may + rightly draw the joyful presage that now, as then, the genius of this + sublime country will never long leave her to such shameful vicissitudes." + </p> + <p> + This noble and patriotic piece we have introduced to aid in the difficult + task of depicting the Rome of heroic times along with the living but + paralyzed virtues of modern Latium. We may thus proceed to discuss that + strange and sad heterogeneous band, native and foreign, which forms what + is called "the Roman army." What manner of men are those who dedicate + themselves to the service of a government like that of "Pio Nono"—a + service that can not fail to inspire an honest man with disgust? And here, + we may repeat, none but a priesthood could have so degraded a people, and + placed them on a level with the basest upon earth—a people, too, + born in a region where they have attained to greater perfection of manhood + than in any other part of the known world. + </p> + <p> + The "Roman army," so called, is at present composed partly of Romans, + under the observation of foreign soldiery, and partly of foreign soldiers + under the sway of foreign commanders, while the people themselves are + under the protection (or rather subjection) of a set of scoundrels called + gendarmes. For what are these hired mercenaries but knaves thirsting for + profit, who, without principle and without honor, enter this disgraceful + service? The title, therefore, of "Papal soldier" is by no means a martial + distinction, but one despised by a true man; while, on the other hand, the + foreign interloper, scoundrel though he be in embracing so dishonorable a + calling, despises none the less the native soldiery, whom he is called + upon to aid and abet. Hence, the native soldier and the foreign hireling + (not being in the true sense of the term brothers in arms) frequently come + to blows, when the foreigner usually comes off second best, for, in spite + of the influence of the priesthood to render the Roman soldiery degenerate + and corrupt, some remains at least of their ancient valor still exist. + </p> + <p> + This is the condition of the Roman army of the day, and thus the reason + why it was despised by the "proscribed," who informed themselves of its + movements, and quietly waited its approach. In the case of the impending + assault upon Orazio's castle, time was lost by the quarrels which + prevailed as usual in it. The foreigners looking with contempt upon the + native soldiers, claimed to have the right wing in the assault assigned + them; but the natives, not fearing foreigners, and believing themselves, + with reason, to be superior to them in the ait of war, resolutely refused + to concede this honor to alien troops. The priests, too, impotent to + restore order, begun to gnaw their nails at such junctures with + impatience, rage, and fear. + </p> + <p> + Easter day, then—the day destined for the destruction of "the + brigands"—would most probably have seen the extermination of these + mercenaries had not the "Moderates" raised the cry of "Order and + brotherhood!" And thus this fine opportunity for finishing off a set of + knaves—the plague and dishonor of Italy—was lost. + </p> + <p> + Regolo, with the greater number of the Three Hundred, seeing they could do + nothing of themselves, for some time, towards the liberation of Rome, had + enlisted in the ranks of the Pontifical troops, according to the orders + received from outside, and were active in influencing the Romans to demand + the honor of conducting the right wing in the order of march. This being + disputed, they mutinied, and ill-treated their officers. General D——— + was sent with a company of foreigners to restore order, but the strife was + almost as serious as in a pitched battle, and the foreigners fled + discomfited to their barracks. + </p> + <p> + The chief instigator of the mutiny was our old acquaintance, Dentato, the + sergeant of dragoons. Being released from the pains and penalties + inflicted upon him by the Inquisition, which he had sustained with a + stoicism worthy of the olden times, he resolved to be revenged upon his + persecutors at the first opportunity, and did not fail to make good use of + this occasion. At the head of his dragoons (for he had been restored to + his post), sabre in hand, he plunged into the thickest of the fray, and + made serious havoc amongst the foreign troops. The affair over, knowing + what to expect at the hands of his masters, he set out from Rome without + dismounting, accompanied by the better part of his men, sought out the + proscribed in the forest, who received him most cordially, and heard with + satisfaction the account of his adventures in the capital. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0039" id="link2HCH0039"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XXXIX. MATRIMONY + </h2> + <p> + Of a surety, the most holy and closest tie in all the human family is + marriage. It binds together two beings of an opposite sex for life, and + makes them, if they be but worthy of that condition, supremely happy. I + say if they be worthy advisedly, because that solemn rite should only be + contracted with the mutual purpose that each is to seek the happiness of + the other, and such a union has for its base true love—that is, + celestial love, which the ancients rightly distinguished from sensual + passion, the former being that love of the soul which no worldly or + selfish views can ever influence. Even before the marriage contract its + anticipation does much to soften and improve the character of each, from + the new feeling that they must not fail to contribute to each other's + welfare. The very atmosphere of happiness makes married life nobler than + lonely life, while the love of parents for their offspring renders them + gentle and forbearing, and indulgent to their own first, and finally to + others, whose good-will they wish to win. Unfaithfulness, however, is, + unhappily, too frequently an incident of modern marriages, but they of + either sex who sin against that loyalty in wedlock which should bind both + indissolubly, unless hardened in vice beyond all hope, feel such remorse + that they would, if they could, return to their former purity by any + sacrifice. But truth, among other things, should suffice to fortify the + good against temptation and dishonor, which brings shame and ruin to the + soul. Oh, you whom this sacred tie has newly bound, be true as heaven to + one another! By your fidelity you will secure your conscience in the + future against sharp and stinging reflections. Out of noble and heartfelt + constancy will spring a paradise upon earth—the foretaste of a + blissful life beyond. + </p> + <p> + But priestly interference in this holy communion of hearts blights and + blasphemes the name of love, sowing the seeds of hatred; while more or + less all over the globe this plague is felt, by reason of the number of + unhappy marriages brought about or directed by these busy tonsured + meddlers. What, then, must this baneful influence be in Rome, where the + priests are so numerous as to reign almost supreme in society. + </p> + <p> + We have before stated that in the city of Rome the largest number of + illegitimate births take place, which arises naturally (or rather + unnaturally) from the infamous influences of priests, who traffic in + matches, and control the market of men and women for their own profit. + </p> + <p> + But we will draw the veil of silence over these lamentable facts, and ask + pardon of refined readers if we have shocked them, even by a hint. + Nevertheless, when we remember the degradation and misery to which our + beloved but unhappy country has been reduced by the despotism and + corruption of her corrupt Government, shame and grief are hard to + restrain. Oh, pardon me, you whose chaste eyes have no Rome to weep for! + </p> + <p> + Yes, marriage is a sacred act. By it a man imposes on himself the duty to + love, protect, and support his wife, and the children she may bear him. + And this act is the first cause of the progress and civilization of + mankind. The priest, being no other than a meddler and impostor, is + consequently unworthy of celebrating that most important act of life. The + municipal authorities, who ought to be cognizant of all that concerns the + citizens, and register all acts, should preside at the ceremony of + marriage, or, as immediate representatives of these, the parents of the + contracting parties, who are their natural and lawful guardians. + </p> + <p> + To these latter authorities Attilio and Clelia referred themselves. + </p> + <p> + "My own! my own!" Clelia had whispered to herself during Irene's + narration; and in the hour when her beloved was at her feet, overjoyed by + the blissful atmosphere that surrounded her, she resisted his passionate + and honest solicitations for some time, but at last gave him permission to + demand her in marriage of her mother, adding, "If she consents, I will be + thine for life." + </p> + <p> + Although Silvia was of a somewhat hesitating temperament, and would have + preferred having her Manlio at hand to consult as to the destiny of her + dearly beloved child, still she had sufficient good sense to see that a + union between the two ardent lovers was very desirable, and felt that + under the peculiar circumstances of their banishment and forest life she + might be assured of her husband's sanction, and therefore accorded them + hers. + </p> + <p> + Silvia could not endure priests, and civil authorities there were none to + consult or employ, except the sylvan jurisdiction of their honest + preserver, Orazio, and her own maternal governance. These, she opined, + were sufficient for the occasion, and it was not difficult to persuade her + bold but gentle and enlightened conscience that this simple, natural, and + legal solemnization was all that was requisite. + </p> + <p> + The celebration of the marriage of our young friends, thus determined upon + and permitted, was a true feast for all in the castle, and particularly + for Irene, who, as the happy example herself of a rural marriage, was + thoroughly proud of being priestess to the natural and noble rite. She + erected, without their knowledge, an altar at the foot of the most + majestic oak in the neighborhood. With the help of her maidens, and the + sailor's assistance, who prided himself upon his marine agility—Irene + reared above this a small temple, formed of green boughs and garlands of + wild flowers, the crown of the oak serving as a cupola illuminated far + above by the sun, and at night by beautiful stars and planets, the + first-born creations of God. + </p> + <p> + The ceremony was not long, for it was simple, but serious. It took place + in the presence of those faithful children of Rome, who stood in a circle + around the handsome couple, while Irene joined their right hands, + pronounced them to be man and wife, and solemnized the sacred union by the + following address:- + </p> + <p> + "Dear and true-hearted friends, the act you have solemnized this day + unites you indissolubly body and soul. You must share together + henceforward the prosperities and reverses, the joys and sorrows of this + life. Remember that in mutual love and faithfulness you will find your + only and enduring happiness, while, if affliction descends, it will be + diminished and dissipated by your reciprocal love. May God bless your + union!" + </p> + <p> + Then Silvia, her eyes bedewed by maternal tears, placed her hands upon the + heads of her beloved children, and repeated <i>che Dio vi benedica!</i> + More she could not say for her emotion. The marriage contract, which had + been previously prepared, was now presented to the united couple by Orazio + for their signature, and then to the witnesses, the chief finally signing + it himself. + </p> + <p> + In this manner was celebrated, with the great-, est simplicity, in the + Almighty's own temple, illuminated by the bright golden lamp of all the + world, that solemn act of wedlock, none the less solemn or binding for + being so celebrated. Never did human pair feel themselves more sacredly + bound one to the other than Clelia and Attilio. + </p> + <p> + From the altar our joyful party directed their steps towards the castle, + where a right goodly woodland banquet awaited them. All were rejoiced at + the auspicious event, and many joyous toasts were given. Patriot songs + were freely sung, and Jack, elated by the general hilarity, treated his + friends to his own famous national airs, "God Save the Queen," and "Rule + Britannia." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0040" id="link2HCH0040"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XL. THE CHRISTENING + </h2> + <p> + The "army of Rome," as already related, gave the proscribed a long time + for preparation, and they, knowing the nature of the delay, troubled + themselves little about the matter. And now we must return to some of the + principal and most cherished personages of our book—namely, Julia + and her companions, of whom we took leave when they escaped so narrowly + from the storm, and whom we have neglected far too long. + </p> + <p> + Two days after the departure of the <i>Seagull</i> from Porto d'Anzio she + entered Porto Longone, with all her sails set and her colors flying. As + soon as she anchored, our friends saw a group of persons issuing from + Liberi, a small village overlooking the port, who, on reaching the shore, + embarked in a boat and rowed out to the yacht. + </p> + <p> + Julia received the party—which was composed of both sexes—gracefully + and courteously, and offered them refreshments in her saloon, which they + cordially accepted. + </p> + <p> + Seated at table, each with a glass of Marsala in hand, the guests turned + towards Manlio, whom they imagined to be the master of the vessel, and + addressed him with a Tuscan accent. It is one less manly than the Roman, + but sweeter and more sympathetic, and though it be but a dialect of the + real Italian, to it Italy owes much of her revival, and in this dialect, + dignified by so much genius, must be found the language of Italian + national unity. + </p> + <p> + "Sir," said the elder of the visitors, talking Tuscan, "in Liberi there + exists a custom that if a vessel comes into port at the same time birth is + given to an infant, the captain is requested to stand godfather to the + newly-born child. Will you therefore vouchsafe to comply with this custom, + and do us the honor of becoming a godfather, and your gracious young lady + a godmother, to a little one who has this day entered upon existence." + </p> + <p> + Manlio smiled at this odd request, and all present admired the facility + with which the visitor in Elba can form an alliance with the islanders. + Manlio replied, "I am simply a guest on board, like yourself, Signor; this + young English lady is the owner of the vessel, and must decide what shall + be done." + </p> + <p> + Julia—the traveller, the artist, the antiquary, and the friend of + Italian liberty—was enchanted to find such simplicity of manners + among these good people, and said, "For my part I gladly accede to your + proposal, and as I hear the captain of the ship must be godfather, I will + send for him, when, if he be agreeable, we will place ourselves at your + service." + </p> + <p> + Captain Thompson was immediately summoned, and the English lady explained + to her commander what was required. He laughed merrily, and accepted the + invitation as she had done, declaring that he should feel immensely + honored to stand godfather with his gracious mistress as godmother. + Captain Thompson then gave his orders to the mate, and they all embarked + in company for Liberi. + </p> + <p> + Here our narrative stumbles again upon the topic of the priesthood, and it + is a fatality that, in spite of the invincible antipathy which they excite + in us, they are thus continually coming in contact with the progress of + our tale. But the curé of Liberi was a man of a different stamp. + </p> + <p> + A modest but hospitable table was spread for the christening party in the + house of the islanders, and it was made pleasant by the cordiality and + simplicity of these kind islanders. The guests were all delighted, while + Captain Thompson, although a little confused, was happy beyond measure at + the honor the beautiful Julia did him by leaning on his arm, and still + more so at being sponsor to her godchild. So elated was the worthy seaman + that he neither heard nor saw as they walked towards the village, and + stumbling over some obstacle in the way had well-nigh fallen, and, to use + his own phrase, "carried away his bowsprit." + </p> + <p> + Luckily Julia did not perceive the profound confusion of her companion, + and walked on with a calm and stately demeanor, in unintentional contrast + to the tar's awkward gait, for the excellent Thompson, dreading another + stumble, counted every stone on the road as he paced by her side. + </p> + <p> + In this manner they arrived at the church. Captain Thompson here put on a + very imposing appearance, and, although a little wearied by the inordinate + length of the ceremony, gave no sign of impatience. Having an excellent + disposition, the tediousness was relieved by the pleasure of holding his + new godson in his strong arm, to which, although a plump and well-formed + babe, it appeared but as light as a feather. + </p> + <p> + The ceremony ended, the guests invited to the christening bent their steps + to the house of the second godfather, who entertained them at a more + formal banquet, the excellent wine of Liberi receiving much favor. Captain + Thompson, having to reconduct Julia, and remembering the stumble, partook + very moderately of the liquor, contenting himself with passing a + disinterested eulogy upon it. + </p> + <p> + The captain had another motive for being temperate and keeping in check + his decided predilection for good drink. He was most anxious to please the + Signora Aurelia, who, though past the bloom of youth, was extremely + amiable, and had a brilliant complexion. She was full of gratitude for the + many attentions the captain had lavished upon her during the terrible + storm, and by no means repulsed the signs of sympathy, loyal and honest, + if not courtly, which the gallant sailor manifested. + </p> + <p> + All went very merrily for our amphibious friends, for, much as one may + resemble a seahorse in constitution, land with its pastimes and comforts + is always preferable to the tempestuous sea. On leaving, Julia was covered + with blessings and thanks by her new acquaintances, after the manner of + olden, times. + </p> + <p> + Manlio was meditating over a statue in marble, which he determined to + carve when he should return to Rome, representing the beautiful Julia as + Amphitrite guiding the stumbling Triton. Aurelia and Thompson, absorbed in + thoughts of tenderness, were oblivious of the incidents of the past; and + thus our yachting party returned on board, accompanied to the shore by all + the villagers, with music and joyful hurrahs. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0041" id="link2HCH0041"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLI. THE RECLUSE + </h2> + <p> + IN the Italian Archipelago, which may be said to begin in the south at + Sicily, and to extend northward to Corsica, there may be found a nearly + deserted island, composed of pure granite crags, down which delicious + streams of pure water flow, that never quite fail even in summer. It is + rich in vegetation of low but pretty growth, for the tempestuous winds + which rush over it prevent the trees from attaining any great height. + This, however, is compensated by the healthiness of this little island, in + which one may always enjoy fresh and pure air. The plants that grow out of + the crevices in the rocks are chiefly aromatic, and when a fire is made of + the leaves and twigs, they send forth a fragrance which perfumes the whole + vicinity. + </p> + <p> + The wandering cattle that graze over the promontories of the island, are + small in size but very robust. So are, also, the few inhabitants, who live + not in affluence but sufficient comfort upon the produce of their tillage, + fishing, and shooting, while, moreover, they are supplied with other + necessaries from the continent by the generosity or commerce of their + friends. + </p> + <p> + The inhabitants being scanty, police and government are superfluous, and + the absence of priests is one of the especial blessings of this little + spot. There God is worshipped, as he should be, in purity of spirit, + without formalism, fee, or mockery, under the canopy of the blue heavens, + with the planets for lamps, the sea-winds for music, and the greensward of + the island for altars. + </p> + <p> + The head of the principal family on this little island is, like other men, + one who has experienced both prosperity and misfortune. Like other men he + has his faults, but he has enjoyed the honor of serving the cause of the + people. Cosmopolitan, he loves all countries more or less; but Italy and + Rome he loves to adoration. + </p> + <p> + He hates the priesthood as a lying and mischievous institution, but is + ready, so soon as they divest themselves of their malignity and + buffoonery, to welcome them with open arms to a nobler vocation, a new but + honest profession, and to urge men to pardon their past offenses, + conforming in this, as in other acts, to a spirit of universal tolerance. + Though not suffering them as priests, he pities and yearns towards them as + men; for priests he regards as the assassins of the soul, and in that + light esteems them more culpable than those who slay the body. He has + passed his life in the hope of seeing the populations ennobled, and to the + extent of his power, has championed always and everywhere their rights, + but sadly confesses that he has lived partly in a false hope; for more + than one nation, raised to freedom and light by Providence, has paltered + again with despotism, whose rulers become perhaps even more unjust and + arbitrary than the patrician. + </p> + <p> + Still, this man never despairs of the ultimate amelioration of mankind, + albeit he is deeply grieved at the slowness of its coming. He regards as + the worst enemies of the liberty of the people those democratic <i>doctrinnaires</i> + who have preached and still preach revolution, not as a terrible remedy, a + stern Nemesis, but as a trade carried on for their own advancement He + believes that these same mercenaries of liberty have ruined many + republics, and brought dishonor upon the republican system. Of this there + is a striking example in the great and glorious French Republic of 1789, + which is held up at the present day as a scarecrow by despots and their + crew against those who maintain the excellence of the popular system. He + defines a perfect republic to be a government of honest and virtuous + people by honesty and virtue, and illustrates his definition by pointing + to the downfall of all republics when people have eschewed virtue and + turned away towards vice. But he does not believe in a republican + government composed of five hundred governors. + </p> + <p> + He considers that the liberty of a nation consists in the people choosing + their own government, and that this government should be dictatorial or + presidential; that is to say, directed by one man alone. To such an + institution the greatest people in the world owed their greatness. But woe + be to those who, instead of a Cincinnatus, elect a Cæsar! The Dictatorship + should be limited to a fixed period, and prolonged only in extraordinary + cases, like that in the authority of Abraham Lincoln in the late war of + the United States. It must be guarded by popular rights and public opinion + from becoming either excessive or hereditary. + </p> + <p> + The islander whom we are describing, however, is not a dogmatist, and + holds that form of government desired or adopted by the majority of the + people most beneficial to each nation; and he gives, by way of + illustration, the English constitution. He regards the existing European + system as utterly immoral, and the governments guilty of the crimes and + suffering of the Continent; since, instead of seeking the welfare and + prosperity of their peoples, they intrigue only to secure their own + despotic positions. Hence that legion of armies, political functionaries, + and hangers-on, who devour in idleness the productions of industry; + pampering their vicious appetites, and spreading universal corruption. + These drones of the hive, not content with what suffices for one man, + conspire to appropriate to each of themselves the portion of fifty to + maintain their pomp and supply their luxuries. + </p> + <p> + This is just why the working portion of the populace are loaded with + taxes, and deprived of the manliest of their sons, who are torn from the + plough and the workshop to swell the ranks of the armies, under the + pretext that they are necessary to their country's safety, but in reality + to sustain a monstrous and fatal form of government. The people are + consequently discontented, starving, and wretched. + </p> + <p> + The continual state of warfare in which Europe is kept, too clearly shows + how ill-governed it is. Were each nation naturally and nobly governed, war + would cease, and the people would learn to understand and to respect one + another's rights without a passionate or suicidal recourse to arms. + </p> + <p> + A Federation of European nations must be cemented by the medium of + representatives for each country, whose fundamental proclamation should be—"War + is declared impossible" and their second basis the law that, "All disputes + which may arise between nations shall henceforth be settled by the + International Congress." + </p> + <p> + Thus war—that scourge and disgrace of humanity—would be + exterminated forever, and with its extermination, the necessity for + maintaining a paid army would obviously cease, and the children of the + peoples, now led out to slaughter under the fictitious names of patriotism + and glory, would be restored to their families, to the field, and to the + workshop, once more to contribute to the fruitfulness and general + improvement of their native countries. + </p> + <p> + Such, then, are the sentiments upon these topics of the recluse, and we + frankly confess them to be also our own. + </p> + <p> + To this island, the abode of the recluse, Julia had arranged to take her + friends; but when it became impracticable for Silvia and Clelia to join + them, on account of the storm, and the consequent injury to the yacht, she + changed her plans, feeling that they would have altered their own, and + resolved to touch there only for advice, and then to return to the + Continent to gain, if possible, some news of Manlio's family. + </p> + <p> + Picture, courteous reader, one of those Mediterranean daybreaks which, by + its glorious beauty of gold and color, makes the watchers forget the + miseries of life and ponder only those marvellous marks of the Creator's + love with which he has embellished the earth. + </p> + <p> + Dawn is slowly breaking over the horizon, and tinting with all the colors + of the rainbow the fleecy clouds. The stars insensibly pale and disappear + before the radiance of the rising sun; and the voyager stands enchanted at + the sight, as the gentle breath of morning streams from the east, slightly + ruffling the blue waters, and fanning his cheek. + </p> + <p> + The small ash-colored island appears in the bright light above the waves, + as the <i>Seagull</i>, wafted slowly by a slight wind from the eastward, + nears its coast. The yacht had sailed from Porto Lon-gone the day before, + and had experienced a quick and smooth passage. Her Roman passengers were + soon hailed by the inhabitants of the island, as she approached the + northern point on this delicious April morning. + </p> + <p> + The sight of the beautiful yacht was always a welcome one to these + dwellers in solitude, for she was well known to them, having previously + paid them many visits. They hastened to meet their welcome guest, and ran + down to the beach, followed slowly by the head of the family, whose step + age and other troubles had slackened, making him no longer able to keep + pace with his nimble household. + </p> + <p> + Julia, upon landing, was welcomed affectionately by all. She introduced + her Roman friends, who met a warm reception, and were conducted by their + host to his dwelling. After they had rested some little time, the recluse + asked anxiously of Julia, "Well, what news from Rome? Is the foreigner + gone yet? Do the priests let the unhappy populace, whom they have + tormented so many centuries, breathe free at last?" + </p> + <p> + "Their miseries are not yet ended," answered the lovely Englishwoman; "and + who can tell when they will cease? The foreigner is withdrawn, it is true, + but others worse than the first are enlisting, and your Government is + shamefully preparing to bribe Italian substitutes to enable it to retain + the unhappy city in the power of the priests. Moreover I, English by + birth, but Italian in heart, am ashamed of telling you that Rome is not to + be the capital of Italy. Government renounces it, and Parliament basely + sanctions the heinous act, to satisfy the exacting and infamous demands of + a Bonaparte. Oh, the sadnesses of modern times! Italy, once the seat of + glory, is to-day the sink of all that is base. Italy, the garden of the + world, has become a dunghill!" + </p> + <p> + "Oh Julia! a people dishonored is a dead people; I—even I—almost + despair of the future of such a nation." Thus exclaimed the chieftain of + many patriotic battles, as a tear rolled down his cheek. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0042" id="link2HCH0042"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLII. THE THIRTIETH OF APRIL. + </h2> + <p> + Ok the day prefixed to this chapter, April, 1849, a foreign sergeant was + conducted a prisoner into the presence of the commander of the Gianicolo. + He had fallen into a Roman ambuscade during the night time and, having + been told by the priests that the defenders of Rome were so many + assassins, he threw himself upon his knees as soon as he was taken before + them, and begged them for the love of God to spare his life. + </p> + <p> + The commander extended his right hand to the suppliant, and raising him, + spoke comfortingly to him. "This is a good omen," said the Italian officer + to those of his companions present. "A good omen! Behold foreign pride + prostrate before Roman right—that is a sure sign of victory." + </p> + <p> + And truly, the foreign army which disembarked at Ci vita Vecchia, and had + fraudulently taken possession of the port, under the deceitfully assumed + title of friend, advanced on Rome, chuckling at the credulity, as well as + at the cowardice of the Roman people. That very army, afterwards defeated + by the native soldiers of the metropolis, retrod with shame the road to + the sea. + </p> + <p> + The 30th of April was a glorious day for Rome, and was not forgotten among + the Seven Hills. But how could it be commemorated amidst such an armed + rabble of enemies? In the small city of Viterbo, where there were no + troops, the inhabitants had devised a way of celebrating the anniversary + of the expulsion of the foreigner, and were making active preparations. + But if there were no troops, there were not wanting spies, who informed + the Roman Government of all that took place. + </p> + <p> + The Committee had arranged a programme for the feast, which set forth that + after mid-day all work should be suspended, and that all the young people, + in holiday dress, with a tri-colored ribbon bound round the left arm, + should assemble in the cathedral piazza, and walk thence four abreast in + procession to the Porta Romana, so as to pay a salutation of good wishes + from that point to the ancient mistress of the globe. + </p> + <p> + Frightened at this intelligence, the Roman Government dispatched to + Viterbo in hot haste a body of foreign troops which had only served the + priesthood a short time, with orders to suppress the demonstration at any + cost. Not heeding this measure the little town held its <i>festa</i>, + almost forgetting for a while, in the enjoyment of the moment, her long + period of slavery. The solemn salute at the Porta Romana was delivered in + spite of the urban authorities, and the procession was returning in good + order, preceded by a band playing the national hymns, while the ladies—always + more ardent than men in any generous act—stood in the balconies + cheering and waving their tricolored hankerchiefs to the passers-by, when + a column of foreign soldiers were seen advancing at the <i>pas de charge</i>, + with bayonets fixed. Until now the city, albeit under the rule of the + priests, had given herself up with peaceful mirth to the remembrance of + that joyful day. But joy fled when the soldiers invaded the streets yet + filled with youthful Viterbians, and anger and trouble succeeded. A + delegate of police, who, with a few assistants, preceded the mercenaries, + commanded the people to retire. This intimation was received with hisses + of defiance, and a few well-aimed stones put them to flight. Taking refuge + among the soldiers, they cried out to the troops to fire upon the + populace. This command of the cowardly delegate was given because he + wished to glut his vengeance, and also to secure a decoration, which he + could do by nothing so surely as killing the people. When this inhuman + order was not heeded, he feared the hatred between the two opposing + parties might cool, and desired the soldiers to charge the populace with + fixed bayonets. + </p> + <p> + The Viterbians, like all Roman citizens, had orders from the Revolutionary + Committee not to take active measures of hostility, and were therefore not + prepared for the straggle. They dispersed rapidly, and escaped by byways + to their homes, favored by the increasing darkness of the evening, as well + as by the sudden extinction of all lights, which the women as if by an + universal signal caused everywhere. Thus the charge of the mercenaries + took effect only upon a few stray dogs and some donkeys on their way home, + nor was any thing more tragic heard than the barking of the former and the + braying of the latter as they were pursued by the valiant champions of the + priesthood. + </p> + <p> + By ten o'clock all was quiet in Viterbo. The troops lay down in the + market-place, resting their heads upon their folded arms, preparing to + repose upon the laurels won by the fatigues and victory of the day. Not a + citizen was to be seen in the streets, all having retired to their houses. + At the hotel of the "Full Moon," the bell rang to assemble the guests at a + large round table spread with a dinner of about fifty covers. As the bell + sounded, a carriage and four drew up to the inn door, and stopping at its + gateway, a female clad in travelling costume alighted. From the elasticity + of her step and movements it was easy to see she was young. The landlord + hastened to receive her, and respectfully inquired whether she would liked + to be served with supper in her own apartment, to which she replied that + she would sup in the public room, and in the mean time her sleep-ing-room + was to be prepared. + </p> + <p> + The dining-room was already filled with visitors, the greater number of + whom were officers belonging to the recently arrived detachment. There + were also several strangers, both Italian and foreign, but very few + Viterbians present. When the traveller entered the room all eyes were + turned towards her with looks of admiration; and truly our Julia, for it + was she, appeared very lovely that eventful evening. She possessed to + perfection that intelligent and high-bred expression which distinguishes + her restless race. All made room for her. The Italians assumed an air of + polite admiration, and the officers, twirling the ends of their pointed + mustaches, straightened their shoulders and adjusted their facial + expression with the look of so many conquerors of female admiration. + </p> + <p> + At the head of the table sat the master of the house, elegantly dressed, + who prayed the beautiful Englishwoman to place herself by his side. She + accepted the seat, and the officers pressing forward to be near the young + lady, took possession of all the best places. Observing a Pope's hireling + on her right, Julia began to regret having accepted the landlord's + invitation, and while glancing round the table with a chagrined air, was + electrified by encountering Muzio's eyes fixed upon her. He was seated + between Attilio and Orazio at the end of the table. They all three wore + silk hats, cravats, and overcoats, like foreign travellers, and Julia had + foiled to recognize them at first, having never seen Muzio but when + wrapped in his cloak, or Attilio except in the simple garb of an artist, + and Orazio once only for a short time in the forest when armed from head + to foot. What should she do? Rise and go to them, impulse suggested, and + ask a thousand things which she wished to know. But how could she venture + to do this, when fifty pairs of eyes were gazing at her, fascinated by her + charming face. + </p> + <p> + And Muzio, the outcast, the gentleman, the chief of the counter-police; + the man who, like his namesake (Scavola), would have placed at his Julia's + sweet bidding not his hand only, but his head also upon burning coals—what + joy the meeting brought, and yet what agony to see the star of his life, + his goddess, his hope, seated at the side of a foreign soldier, the + instrument of a vile tyranny, and compelled to accept civilities from his + contaminated hand, perhaps freshly soiled by the blood of Romans. Oh, you + young men, who are in love with a noble maiden, have you not felt what + splendid new strength her presence gives to you? When unworthy men presume + to affront her with attentions, at such a moment do you not feel you have + ten hearts to devote to her, ten men's lives to sacrifice for her? If not + you are a coward, and a coward, let us tell you, is despised by women. + </p> + <p> + You may sin, and she will pardon you; but cowardice a noble woman will + never forgive. Muzio, however, was only too loving and rash; and woe to + that fine lady-killer by the British maiden's side! Had the Roman youth + yielded to the dictates of his angry breast, it wanted little to have seen + a flash of fire in the air, or to have let him feel the cold blade of a + dagger in his vitals. + </p> + <p> + But Julia read in her lover's eye the storm that was raging, and her look, + perceived by him alone, calmed down the Roman's passionate soul. + </p> + <p> + Between the courses, the foreign officers conversed on the affairs of + Rome, or the topics of the day, and, as usual, with but little respect for + the Roman people, whom they commonly despised. Julia, disgusted by their + indecorous conversation, rose very soon, with a majestic mien, and desired + to be conducted to her apartment. Our three friends were burning to kiss + her hand, and had even made a move to quit their places, when a sudden + burst of laughter from the foreign officers made them resume their seats. + The laughter was caused by a coarse jest, uttered by one of the number, of + which the following words came to the ears of our indignant trio:—"I + thought I was coming to Viterbo to use my arms against men, but find there + are only rabbits here, who bolted into their burrows at our very + appearance. Diavolo! where are all these Liberals who made such a noise?" + </p> + <p> + Attilio, who had not reseated himself, hastily gathered his own and his + friends' gloves, and, making them into a handful, threw them, without a + word, full and hard in the face of the slanderer. + </p> + <p> + "Oh!" exclaimed the Papalino, "what bundle is here?" and picking up the + missile, he unrolled the gloves, saying, "So, then, I am challenged by + three! Here is another sample of Italian valor! Three against one! three + against one!" And again the fellow laughed immoderately. + </p> + <p> + The three allowed this fresh burst of merriment to pass, but the hilarity + of all the strangers present being aroused by it, Muzio, as soon as the + laughter ceased, cried in a loud voice, "Three against as many as dare to + insult Italians, gentlemen!" + </p> + <p> + The effect of these few words was very startling, for, as he uttered them, + the three friends arose and darted angry glances first at one and then at + another of the officers, presenting, with their uncovered and bold young + heads, to the assembly three models à la Michael-Angelo. They were three + variations of that manly and martial beauty which nature's heroes have; + three types of noble anger in the glowing veins of generous courage. + </p> + <p> + Different effects were produced on the two parties present. The Italians + at the table were delighted, and regarded the champions of Italian honor + with smiling approbation and gratitude. + </p> + <p> + The foreigners remained for a time stupefied, wondering at the personal + grace and manly beauty of the trio, and at their nervous and proud + bearing. This amazement ended, sarcasm came to the rescue, and one of the + youngest exclaimed, "Friends, a toast!" All rose, glass in hand, and he + continued: "I drink to the fortune of having at last found enemies worthy + of us in this country!" + </p> + <p> + Orazio responded, "I drink to the liberation of Rome from foreign filth." + </p> + <p> + These words seemed to the officers to be too insulting to be overlooked, + and they placed their hands menacingly upon their swords; but one of the + number, of a maturer age, said gravely, "My friends, it will not answer to + make a disturbance here. The peace of the city must not be disturbed, for + we came here to restore order. At daybreak we will meet in even numbers + these quarrelsome signors. What we have to do is to see that they do not + then deprive us of the honor of meeting them. + </p> + <p> + "The opportunity of fighting the enemies of Italy is much too happy a + circumstance to let it escape," answered Attilio. "If it please you we + will remain together until morning, when we can walk in company to the + place of meeting." + </p> + <p> + To this proposition all consented. The foreigners called for writing + materials, to inscribe their names, in order to draw lots to decide who + should fight. Amongst the Italians three gentlemen offered to be seconds + to their countrymen. Then there were the arms to be considered. As there + had been such open defiance on both sides, it was decided that they should + fight to the death, that the opponents should be placed at a distance of + fifteen paces apart, and that at a signal from their seconds they should + attack one another with sabre, revolver, and poniard. + </p> + <p> + The three champions of the priests whose names, written upon slips of + paper, were drawn out of the hat which served the purpose of an urn, were + Foulard, a French Legitimist; Sanchez, a Spanish Carlist; and Haynau, an + Austrian. The seconds busied themselves during the remainder of the night + in examining the arms, and in endeavoring to match them with absolute + equality. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0043" id="link2HCH0043"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLIII. THE COMBAT + </h2> + <p> + The morning of the 1st of May was dawning over the top of the Ciminian + wood, now called Monte di Viterbo, when twelve persons, wrapped in their + cloaks, traversed the steep road which crosses it, and disappeared among + the trees. They proceeded in silence till they reached an eminence which + overlooked a part of the wood, when Attilio, addressing the Italians, + said, "Here, in this forest, the last advocates of Etruscan independence + sought refuge, beaten and pursued by our fathers, the Romans; and here, in + one of the last battles, they disappeared from among the Italian tribes—the + most ancient, the most famous, and the most gifted people of the + peninsula." Captain Foulard, who understood Italian sufficiently to + comprehend Attilo's speech, and to whom it was indirectly addressed, + replied, "I fancy it was here, or hereabouts, too, that my ancestors, the + Gauls, fought those famous battles with your Roman forefathers, who would + have disappeared from the face of the earth had it not been for the + hissing of their geese." + </p> + <p> + Attilio, though incensed, answered calmly, "When your forefathers crept on + all fours in the forests of Gaul, our ancestors dragged them out, and made + them stand upon their legs, saying, 'Be human creatures.' Your modern + politeness shows but little gratitude to your former civilizers. But we + came here not to dispute, but to fight." The place at which they had just + arrived was one of those pleasant glades, devoid of trees, which Nature + often hides in the heart of an Italian forest, and which she adorns + prodigally with lavish though concealed beauties. That tranquil and + enchanting spot was, however, now to become the scene of fury and of + bloodshed, for, the position being chosen, and the fifteen paces measured, + the six seconds retired, after exchanging a few words with their + respective companions. + </p> + <p> + The adversaries were standing ready to rush upon each other. The first and + second signals had been given, and six angry hearts were impatiently + awaiting the third, when a trumpet was heard sounding the advance, and + immediately there appeared in sight, marching along the road by which the + opponents had come, a company of the Pope's foreign soldiers, followed, by + the delegate Sempronio, and a few of his subordinates. + </p> + <p> + And here we must in justice confess that the officers, though mercenaries, + were much mortified by this occurrence, and almost on the point of + defending their adversaries, and of helping them to escape, when the + command was given by the delegate to the troops to surround the Italians + with fixed bayonets. + </p> + <p> + To ordinary persons such an order would have sounded like the knell of all + hope, and a hasty flight, if flight had yet seemed possible, would have + been the one remaining idea; but our Romans were men to sustain any shock + or peril, however abrupt, without losing in the least their presence of + mind. At the first sound of the trumpet they cast their eyes on their + antagonists, and saw with satisfaction, by their unfeigned surprise, that + those gentlemen had no previous knowledge of the approaching cowardly + attack, and then, facing their assailants, they retired without haste, + revolver in hand, towards the forest. + </p> + <p> + The troops, perceiving with wonder, upon their arrival, that some of their + own officers were among the persons they had been directed to arrest, + paused for a moment, uncertain how to act. Sempronio, who had cautiously + placed himself behind them, seeing the untoward result of what he had been + pleased to term his plan of battle, became furious, and shouted loudly, + "Fire—fire on that side! on that side!" pointing to his own + countrymen for whose blood he thirsted, as they slowly retired towards the + cover, which having gained, they turned and faced the troops. + </p> + <p> + The soldiers still paused, but the delegate's nearest associates fired + immediately upon the six Italians, and, although screened by the wood, two + of the seconds were slightly hit. Attilio's revolver speedily avenged his + wounded companions. His shot had the fortune to pass directly through the + nose of Father Sempronio (for he was a priest disguised as an agent), + carrying away the bridge of it. + </p> + <p> + It was a stroke of luck indeed. Sempronio's cries and terrible + lamentations aroused more contempt than pity, for the latter is rarely + expended upon creatures of his despicable character. Roaring and bleeding, + the priest-delegate took to his heels, and ran back to Viterbo, leaving to + the others the execution of his "plan of battle." + </p> + <p> + The foreign officers were nearly all ashamed of the ugly position in which + they were placed, though the delegate, and not they, had planned the + surprise. The discovery of their names had been made by a spy, and the + excited Sempronio had trusted in this easy manner to secure a batch of + proscribed Italians, and carry them prisoners to Rome, in hopes of helping + himself towards a cardinal's hat. + </p> + <p> + Sempronio had men like himself among his force, less scrupulous than the + six duellists, especially a certain Captain Tortiglio, the commander of + the company, another cold-blooded Carlist, who thought it would be an easy + matter to get to the end of it by capturing the proscribed, as they were + so few in number. He accordingly resolved to follow them into the forest. + </p> + <p> + Our friends, having prayed the wounded to escape deeper into the thicket, + still fronted their enemies as long as they had any shots left, and for a + time, being protected by the trees, they managed to hold their assailants + at bay. But when their ammunition was nearly gone they were obliged to + retire before the soldiers, who were urged on by the Captain's "Voto a + Dios," and, "Carambas," as he followed, swearing he would capture "these + scoundrels," whose arrest, doubtless, would bring him no small reward from + the Papal Government. + </p> + <p> + Fortunately, Orazio had with him his inseparable horn, and drawing it + forth, he blew the same blast which was heard on his arrival at the Castle + of Lucullus. No sooner had the echo died away, than a sound as of many + steps was heard. + </p> + <p> + The footsteps were those of the companions of Orazio—a portion of + the three hundred who had re-united in the Ciminian forest, after the + occurrences at Rome already described. They had been awaiting the return + to the rendezvous of their leaders, who had been absent a few days in + Viterbo, upon important business. + </p> + <p> + But who are they who precede the band, appearing so opportunely on the + scene of action? Who are these graceful commanders? None other than Clelia + and Irene, like the Amazons of old, and at their side is the intrepid + Jack, burning to "do his duty" and be of use in such beautiful company. + </p> + <p> + The proscribed, at this welcome accession of strength, did not discharge a + single shot, but, fixing their bayonets, charged the foreign mercenaries, + with the cry of "Viva l'Italia!" and dispersed them as the torrent + disperses twigs and leaves in its headlong course. The soldiers, terrified + at the sudden increase of numbers on the side of the enemy, and by the + furious onset, turned and fled at full speed, regardless of the threats of + their officers, and even the slashes made at them with sabres. + </p> + <p> + Captain Tortiglio, who was not wanting in courage, had rushed in advance + of his men, and now stood all alone. He was very much mortified, but + disdained to run away. Attilio was the first to come up to him, and + summoned him to surrender. + </p> + <p> + "No," cried Tortiglio, "I will not surrender." + </p> + <p> + Attilio, wrapping his cloak around his left arm, put aside the captain's + sword, as he dealt a savage blow at him, and sprang upon him, holding his + poniard in his right hand. The Spaniard was small of stature, yet very + agile in his movements. He struggled for some time, but the young sculptor + finally lifted him by main force from the ground, and, provoked by the + resistance of the manikin, yet not wishing to kill him, gave him an + overturn upon the ground, as a cook serves a pancake. Happily for + Tortiglio the soil was covered with turf, or not all the science of + Æsclulapius would have sufficed to re-set his broken bones. + </p> + <p> + The proscribed pursued the soldiers only to the farther edge of the + meadow, where they contented themselves with a few parting shots, and then + turned their attention to the wounded of both sides. Those of the enemy + they sent to Viterbo, under the escort of the prisoners, and dispatched + their own to the interior of the wood, but retained Captain Tortiglio a + little while, more as a hostage than a prisoner. Clelia and Irene were + praised and complimented by all for their promptitude and courage. Muzio, + after kissing their hands, made them a little speech of victory: "It + becomes you well, brave and worthy daughters of Rome," he said, "to set + such an example to our companions, but more especially to the slothful + among Italy's sons, who appear to expect the manna of freedom to fall from + heaven, and basely await their country's liberation at the hand of the + foreigner. They are not ashamed to kiss the rod of a foreign tyrant, + patron, and master; to renounce their own Rome—the natural and + legitimate metropolis of Italy—voted the capital by parliament, and + desired by the whole nation. They are not ashamed to let her remain a den + of priests, of creatures who are the scourge and the shame of humanity. To + women! yes, to women, is descended the task of extirpating this infamy, + since men are afraid or incapable of doing it." + </p> + <p> + Muzio at this point in his vehement oration in honor of the fair sex, was + suddenly struck dumb by the apparition of another representative of it in + the form of a lovely woman, with the face and carriage, as he afterwards + said, of an angel of heaven, who appeared to him to have fallen from the + clouds, and was standing before him on the road leading to Viterbo. His + eloquence vanished, and he remained motionless as a statue, although the + very silence of the youth showed that he recognized her to be the adored + queen of his heart, English Julia. + </p> + <p> + Muzio's embarrassment was the less noticed because of Jack's headlong + demonstration, for the sailor, with a hitch at his waistband, sprang + forward towards his beautiful mistress, throwing at the same time even his + precious carbine on the ground, which he never would have abandoned under + any other circumstances for all the surprises in the universe. When he at + last reached Julia, he nearly plucked his forelock out by the root, so + perpetually and persistently did he twitch at it, saluting the English + lady. Poor fellow! a thousand affections and remembrances of family, + friends, and country were centred for him in the person of that beloved + mistress. Julia took the English boy's hand gracefully and kindly, and + Clelia and Silvia embraced her with transports of friendship, and then + presented her to Irene, whose romantic history had been repeated to her, + and whom she had much desired to know personally. + </p> + <p> + Even the followers of Orazio forgot for a moment their discipline, and + crowded around this charming daughter of Albion, gazing at her with looks + of undisguised admiration. Woman as she was, Julia could not but feel a + thrill of pride and pleasure at the homage of these bold and honest + children of Italy. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0044" id="link2HCH0044"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLIV. THE OLD OAK + </h2> + <p> + After receiving the more formal salutations of Attilio and Orazio, Julia + did not forget to turn for a little towards her lover, who had remained + during all these demonstrations somewhat eclipsed and confused. + </p> + <p> + Muzio, even when a child of the streets, had always maintained that + decorum of person and propriety of manner which the remembrance of his + noble birth imposed upon him; and now Julia had reason indeed to admire + the change wrought in him by his life in the forest. + </p> + <p> + The position of the last scion of the house of Pompeo had truly improved + of late. Scipio, the faithful and devoted servant who had voluntarily + taken charge of him when a baby, and tended him with such devoted + affection, was dead; but before dying, he imparted, by writing, to + Cardinal S———, Muzio s maternal uncle, the history of + his young master's life, and a statement of his family property. The + prelate gave his solicitor orders to put himself in communication with + Muzio, to supply him with all he needed, and to endeavor to bring him back + into the sheepfold of respectability. + </p> + <p> + The prelate, moreover, had kindly intentions towards his nephew on his own + part, and meditated adding something from his own possessions to the + paternal estates which had passed so fraudulently into the hands of + Paolotti's vultures, and which he saw the way to recover. + </p> + <p> + This sudden change of fortune happened to Muzio about the end of the year + 1866, in which the Italians, in spite of the undesirable means used, + gained re-possession of their own soil, and got rid of the foreign friends + of the priesthood. + </p> + <p> + It was, therefore, not an untimely thing for + </p> + <p> + Cardinal S——— to be able to say, "I have a nephew who is + a Liberal, and one of the first temper, too." It was become of + consequence, even to a prelate, to be on friendly terms with such a + nephew. + </p> + <p> + Julia contemplated the transformation of Muzio's appearance and apparel + with natural pleasure, yet she had loved him so much as a wanderer of the + city, that she almost wished him back again in the poor but graceful cloak + of a Trastevere model. + </p> + <p> + Muzio made no audible reply to his lady's gentle words of recognition, but + kissed her hand with a devotion that needed no speeches to mark its + intensity, and which could not be better translated than by his enamored + mistress's heart. + </p> + <p> + And Clelia and Irene were, of course, happy at being once more safe in the + society of their chosen. Happiness was depicted upon all these youthful + faces; and, in truth, it is necessary to; confess that, opposed as all + good hearts are to bloodshed, the hour of victory is a glorious one, and + we, like many others, have enjoyed that wild and stem delight. At that + moment the mind does not much reflect that the field is covered with the + wounded and the dying. Their cries and our own exhaustion are alike + unheeded. We are victorious; our cause has conquered. We have routed the + enemies. All meetings on the field take a joyous tone from that proud + thought, and every fresh friend, as he comes up, receives a hearty squeeze + of the hand, and is a centre of fresh congratulations. + </p> + <p> + Brothers have killed brothers. Yes, alas! Manzoni is right! but the heart + of man forgets that sad verity so long as the flush of victory is cast + upon it. Ah! when will the people become brethren indeed, and exchange the + savage bliss of triumph for the noble and placid joys of peace? Ere long, + let us hope! So, be sure, hoped and prayed that band, under an ancient oak + upon the emerald sod of the forest, where the chiefs of the proscribed sat + with those noble and tender women whose strange fate had brought them + together on the field of conflict. They were so beautiful, so attractive + to be in such a place! With faces kindled by pride and love, they spread + around them a light of joy and a sense of praise and sanction; an + atmosphere of grace mingled with gallant spirit, which almost rendered + their companions eager to fight again and again under such glorious eyes. + </p> + <p> + Silvia was the first to break the thread of felicitations, and said to + Julia, "But Manlio, where did you leave him?" + </p> + <p> + "Manlio," replied the English woman, "is with the Recluse on the island; I + left him in excellent health, and promised to take him news of you." "And + what is the General's opinion concerning affairs in Rome?" asked Attilio. + </p> + <p> + "He," replied Julia, "approves of the noble conduct of the few Romans who + harass the Papal Government, and who protest by their rebellion to the + world that that abomination is no longer compatible with the age; yet he + applauds also the endurance with which you have waited for a general + movement until now, so as not to trouble the advancement of national + unity, thus depriving the foreigner of a pretext to create further + obstacles. But at the same time he is of opinion that as long as the + Italian Government continues to remain kneeling at the feet of the Master + of France, and, to please him, renounces Rome as the capital of our + fatherland—while it supports the wicked priesthood, you must be + ready to decide these questions by arms, and that every man-in Italy who + possesses an Italian heart ought to be prepared to support you." + </p> + <p> + "Yes," said Muzio, who had been muttering the word "endurance" ever since + it was spoken by Julia—"yes, but patience is the virtue of the ass. + We Romans have had too much of it; we have been, and still are + superabundantly asinine. It is a disgrace to us that we still tolerate the + roost iniquitous and degrading of human tyrannies, and suffer the priests + to be our jailers." + </p> + <p> + "And is this island from which you come far off?" inquired the gentle + Silvia, who was thinking most about the dear companion of her life. "Could + we not go and pass a few days there?" + </p> + <p> + "Nothing is easier," answered Julia, to whom the question was put. "We are + close to the frontier, we have only to cross it, and make our way to + Leghorn, where the <i>Seagull</i> is lying, and sail from thence to the + island, which is not far distant. But you must also know of the marriage + of Captain Thompson and your friend Aurelia, which took place lately in + that solitary retreat in the simple patriarchal manner, for there are no + priests there." + </p> + <p> + "Per <i>la grazia di Dio!</i>" here exclaimed Orazio to himself, rising + and stretching his athletic figure to its full height, as he cast a look + to the western extremity of the wood. "What are these fresh arrivals?" + whereupon they all saw advancing towards them a robust youth, accompanied + by a beautiful girl, not much his junior, but upon whose melancholy face + the traces of suffering and misfortune were too plainly visible. + </p> + <p> + The new-comers were quickly perceived to be Silvio and Camilla; and here + it should be known that our hunter, after the decision of the Liberals to + abandon the Roman suburbs, went to bid farewell to his unhappy mistress, + whom he could not cease to love, before setting out for the north. + </p> + <p> + Arriving at Marcello's house, he was welcomed as usual by Fido and + Marcellino, and found Camilla kneeling, as was her daily habit, beside her + father's grave. + </p> + <p> + "Just God! can another's crime plunge a simple and innocent soul into + misery and madness for life?" thought Silvio, as he regarded the prostrate + girl, and almost unconsciously he prayed aloud, "Oh, heaven! restore her + reason, and to me the star of my life!" + </p> + <p> + Camilla turned at these words with a look first of fright, then of a new + and wonderful tenderness. It was plain that that compassionate and + forgiving prayer had caused the inmost fibres of her heart to vibrate, + and, obeying a mighty and impulsive instinct, she sank into the old sweet + sanctuary of her lover's arms. With their heads hidden on each other's + breasts, they dispensed with explanations—they made no new vows—mighty + love was healer and interpreter. Tears fell fast from Camilla's eyes, but + not sad tears now. A great sorrow and a bitter sin had dethroned her + reason—a great pardon and a noble love set it back again in its + happy seat. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0045" id="link2HCH0045"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLV. THE HONOR OF THE FLAG + </h2> + <p> + The new arrivals were received with surprise and pleasure by our forest + party. The signoras were all conversant with the history of Camilla's + misfortunes, and bestowed upon her gentle and considerate caresses. + Something solemn pervaded her whole appearance—a dreamy vestige of + the insanity under which she had so long labored. It was a miraculous + change which had come over her when she heard that pathetic prayer, and + perceived the sudden presence of her lover, and the unutterable feelings + of affection and penitence that stirred her soul when she found herself + restored to his embrace had transformed her into a new and happy being, + but left upon her this air of nameless pathos. + </p> + <p> + "I passed through Viterbo," said Silvio to Orazio, when their salutations + were ended, "and saw a great commotion there for which I am scarcely able + to account. The citizens were running about the streets, endeavoring to + get out of the way of the soldiers. The soldiers, reinforced by strong + detachments from Rome, are vowing to spear all Italians on the face of the + earth, and, by way of a step towards this warlike project, have begun + plundering the wineshops, where they lie for the most part dead drunk. The + Papal authorities, who wished to keep the peace, were received by the + rascals with the butt-ends of their muskets, and driven to flight. They + have gone off with their agents to Rome, and are not likely to return for + some time. The reinforcements were exclaiming that 'their flag had been + dishonored, and that the stain must be washed out in blood. 'Flag + dishonored!' that phrase calls to our mind the villainy of a certain + neighboring Government, which, after infamously violating our territory, + and taking, by a deceitful act, possession of our principal sea-port, + treacherously attacked our capital, and upon receiving some severe blows, + cried out, 'Treason! treason! our flag is dishonored!' + </p> + <p> + "But," said Silvio, resuming his narrative, "this confusion gave me a + favorable opportunity of making observations, and coming on quietly to + you, though I might have been hindered by a curious occurrence which + happened. I was passing the 'Full Moon' hotel as a few officers, newly + arrived from Rome, alighted from a carriage. Owing to the universal + confusion, they could find no attendant to carry in their luggage, and one + of them came up to me, crying out, 'Here, you fellow!' and taking me by + the breast, attempted to drag me to the carriage. Fortunately I had + already signalled to Camilla to go on in advance of me. My first impulse + was to use my poniard, but restraining myself, I tore the man's hand from + my breast, and aiming a blow with my fist full at his face, sent him + flying against the wheels of the carriage without a single word. As you + may imagine, I did not remain to gather the laurels of the victory, but + turned on my heel, and walked with a quick step in the direction of the + wood, and soon overtook my companion." + </p> + <p> + The merriment of his auditors, and the shouts of "Bravo, Silvio!" here + interrupted the narrator for a moment. + </p> + <p> + "However," he observed, when the laughter ceased, "we can not remain long + here in security, for I have no doubt that to-morrow, at latest, you will + have the whole pack of foreigners on your track." + </p> + <p> + "Here in this forest," said Orazio, "we could make head against the whole + army of the Pope. Were it not that we are so very few in number, and have + these precious ladies to protect." + </p> + <p> + "Ehi! ladies to protect, indeed!" said Irene with some irony; "you have + soon forgotten, Signor Rodomonte, that these same 'ladies' protected you + to-day." + </p> + <p> + A burst of laughter broke from all; and the courageous chief of the forest + stooped and kissed the hand of his beloved wife with pretty submission. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile, the long dark shadows cast by the giants of the Ciminian wood + spreading out to the west, announced the setting of the sun, who, wrapped + in a glorious and variegated mantle of clouds, was about to hide himself + behind the waves of the Tyrrhenian sea. Clelia, perceiving this, addressed + Jack, who, fascinated by her beauty and amiability, was her devoted slave, + and to whom she had confided the important care of the viands. "Well, my + friend," she said in English, "all these true heroes of romance, it + appears, do not trouble themselves about supper; and if you do not see to + it, I fear we shall have to go to bed without food to-night." + </p> + <p> + "Aye, aye, ma'am!" was Jack's reply; and, with the invariable hitch to his + waistband, he steered for the spot where the assistants had unloaded two + mules, which carried the chief's baggage as well as the provisions. But, + after such fighting and talk, they must feast at leisure in a fresh + chapter. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0046" id="link2HCH0046"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLVI. THE RURAL SUPPER + </h2> + <p> + Who does not prefer civilization to barbarism and the usages of savage + life? Who would not choose the comforts of a refined home, cool in summer, + warm in winter, well supplied with food, and replete with every comfort + and even luxury, to the open country, with its inclemency, inconveniences, + and vicissitudes of weather? + </p> + <p> + Yet when one remembers that the few monopolize the advantages of + civilization, and that its victims are so many, one can not help doubting + whether the world of humanity does reap much benefit from the present + highly-developed state of civilization, and whether it might not be + desirable to go back to the simple condition of the first inhabitants of + the world, amongst whom, if there were no palaces, no cooks, no fine + manners, no expensive clothes, no elaborate conventions, no luxuries in + the way of food, neither were there any priests, police, prefects, + tax-gatherers, or any other of our galling modern innovations; neither was + one called upon to give up one's children to serve the caprices of a + despot, under the pretense of serving the country and washing out "stains + from flags." + </p> + <p> + However all this may be, a frugal supper in the forest on the soft green + turf, hitherto untrodden by any foot of man; the guests seated on the + trunks of old trees that furnish also a glowing and dancing fire; by the + side moreover, of such companions as Julia, Clelia, and Irene—a + supper in such circumstances must be a more delightful height of enjoyment + than civilization could reach. <i>Per Dio!</i> give us such a forest + supper, though it consist only of fruit and the luck of the chase, against + any grand in-door entertainment. Many a time have we shared such a repast. + </p> + <p> + But our forest party had more than meagre fare. Gasparo, who was also in + charge of the baggage, was commissioned, in company with Jack, to purchase + and look after the provisions. He now spread a cold collation before the + chiefs, with the sailor-boy's assistance—garnishing it with some + green branches—which would have tempted even the palate of a + Lucullus. + </p> + <p> + A few flasks of Montepulciano and Orvieto embellished the enamelled table, + and, the savory meats, seasoned with the appetite which follows an arduous + day's work, disappeared with amazing celerity. + </p> + <p> + Julia was in high spirits. It was the first time she had shared in such a + <i>fete-champetre</i>, in the society, above all, of those who were her <i>bello + ideale</i> of all that was romantic, chivalrous, and gallant. + </p> + <p> + Very near to her was her Muzio, disguised in the garb of a Roman model, + and who was now known and proclaimed to be the descendant of an ancient + noble family, and one of the richest heirs in Rome, it might yet appear. + </p> + <p> + That resistless principle, which, like the loadstone and the needle, + attracts loving souls one to the other, kept him at the side of the woman + of his heart, watching her slighest wish, providing her with every thing + with proud servility; and all the while humbly glancing at her with that + look which art vainly seeks to represent—the look which alone can be + given and understood between those who love with a true and perfect love. + </p> + <p> + Julia also, with a little graceful dignity, enjoyed hearing Clelia and + Irene converse with Jack in broken Italo-English. They drew him out to + relate some of the episodes of his sea-life, the adventures he had met + with, and the tempests he had witnessed in his long voyages to India and + China, for he had been at sea since he was seven years old. The + description he gave of the Chinese who stay at home and employ themselves + in different kinds of work performed by women in other countries, while + their wives row, and till the land, with their babies slung in a basket on + their backs, caused much laughter among his fair hearers, and, indeed, to + all present, when translated to them by one of the company. + </p> + <p> + "The nautical profession," said Julia, "is the one to which my country is + most indebted for her greatness. My countrymen prize and honor their + mariners. With us, not only in the countries bordered by the sea, but + wherever there is a river or a lake, boys are to be seen continually + taking exercise in boating and rowing, in which practices they run all + kinds of danger, and this is the reason there are so many seafaring men to + make the name of Britain great upon the ocean. + </p> + <p> + "I have known youths in France and Italy, who were destined to become + naval officers, pass the greater part of their boyhood in the technical + schools, going on board for the first time when they had attained their + fifteenth and even their eighteenth year, when they suffer much, of + course, from sea-sickness, and are exposed to the ridicule and contempt of + the sailors. + </p> + <p> + "In England it is very different. Youths destined for the sea are put on + board at eleven years of age, and frequently take long voyages, during + which they are instructed practically in all the routine and details of + their profession. This course insures the best naval officers in the world + to England. + </p> + <p> + "The wealthy among my people do not hoard up money to look at it, but + employ it frequently in purchasing a yacht; and there are, indeed, very + few persons living near sea or river who do not own or hire some sort of + craft, large or small, in which they take their pleasure, and exercise + themselves in the art which constitutes the glory and prosperity of their + land. + </p> + <p> + "In Italy you have seamen, I grant, who equal the best of any nation, but + your officers will not stand the test of comparison. Your Ministers of + Marine have ever been incompetent, and therefore incapable of improving + and raising a profession which might yet render Italy one of the most + important and prosperous nations of the globe." + </p> + <p> + The subject so treated by Julia was a little foreign to our Romans, who + were naturally ignorant of sea affairs. Their priests long ago found the + oar and the net of St. Peter too heavy for their effeminate hands, and + gave themselves up to merry-making and luxury as the easiest way of + promoting the glory of God. + </p> + <p> + A pause ensuing, Julia called for a song or narrative, and Orazio said, + "Gasparo, the chief of bandits, could tell us, doubtless, some stirring + passages in his adventurous life." Whereupon, with a bow and smile, the + old man sat for a moment recalling some circumstance of his past life, and + then answered- + </p> + <p> + "Perils on the sea I could not relate, because I have been very little + upon it; but on land I have passed through my share of strange adventures: + and if it will not weary you to listen to one, I could, perhaps, relate + events that would make you shudder." + </p> + <p> + All expressing a wish to hear some portion of his history, Gasparo, + settling himself to an easy attitude commenced the following story. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0047" id="link2HCH0047"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLVII. GASPERO'S STORY + </h2> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + "L'uotno naace più grando in quests terra che in qualunque + altra—ne sono una prova i grandi deletti che vi si + commettono."—Alfieri. +</pre> + <p> + "I was born in the small city of S————, in the + States of the Church, not far from the Neapolitan frontier. My parents + were honest folk, employed as shepherds in the service of the Cardinal. + </p> + <p> + "Being sent early to the field to tend sheep, cows, and buffaloes, and + nearly always on horseback, I grew up with a robust hardy constitution, + and became a dexterous horseman. + </p> + <p> + "Up to the age of eighteen, I remained a true son of the Italian desert, + knowing no other affection than that which I had for my horse, my lasso, + and my weapons. With the latter I had become a formidable enemy to the + deer and wild boar of the Roman forests. I was passionately fond of + hunting, an exercise suited to my nature: and I was accustomed to pass + whole nights lying in ambush, watching for the deer, or the great gray + tuskers in the marshes, where they delight to lie rolling in the mud. + </p> + <p> + "I knew the places frequented by the harts and hinds, and very often + returned home with one of those graceful animals slung over my saddle. + </p> + <p> + "One day, after having secured my horse at a little distance, I placed + myself in hiding, on the watch for a stag. I had been there but a short + time, when I heard footsteps on the path behind me—a narrow forest + road that led to the village. + </p> + <p> + "At first I thought it might be a wild beast of some description, and kept + my carbine in readiness to fire as soon as I perceived it. After listening + a few moments, I thought I heard voices, and presently there appeared in + sight a young priest whom I had occasionally seen walking in the village, + while by his side was a young girl who appeared to accompany him rather + unwillingly. + </p> + <p> + "I had time to observe them both; the priest was about twenty years of + age, very tall and finely proportioned; in fact, only a carbine and + pointed hat were wanting to make a fine hunter or soldier of him." + </p> + <p> + "The young girl! Ah! pardon my memory, still agitated by that sweet face!" + and the old man's eyes here dimmed with tears. "The young girl was an + angel! I do not know how it was they did not discover me, for her beauty + caused me to utter an involuntary exclamation, and my heart was stirred by + a new and astonishing emotion. + </p> + <p> + "He had offended her by some proposal, for she was turning to go; but as I + regarded them, the priest threw his arm with almost violent force around + his companion, and pressing his lips to her cheek, uttered some words that + did not reach me, but caused a terrified and indignant look to pass over + the girl's face, and she shrank back as if stung by a viper. Again the + priest spoke and approached, when, with a cry, the peasant-girl broke from + him and fled. + </p> + <p> + "He pursued her, and caught the shrieking damsel, whose hands he bound + with her neck-rib-bon, and then forced her upon the ground. I can not tell + why I was self-contained enough not to shoot him dead, but I had never + drawn trigger against a human life, and I hesitated until he gave these + last proofs of his abominable villainy. At this point, however, I sprang + from my covert, and with one blow from the butt-end of my gun, felled him + to the ground, and then went to the assistance of the young woman, who had + fallen fainting at some little distance upon the sod. I raised her gently + in my arms, and carried her to the side of a brook, where I bathed her + face with the cool, running water, until she opened her lovely eyes and + faintly smiled her thanks, for, as she gazed around, a look of relief + passed over her features, when she perceived the absence of her + persecutor. Then rising, she expressed, in a few words, her gratitude for + my intervention, saying she was sufficiently recovered to return to the + village, and bade me farewell, but seeing she was still agitated, I begged + her to allow me to conduct her to her home. She gave a modest assent, and + I walked in happy and respectful silence till we reached the entrance to + the village, where she stopped, and pointing to a small but pretty + dwelling, said, 'That is my father's house; I have nothing more now to + fear, so I will bid you a grateful adieu.' Raising her hand to my lips, I + kissed it fervently, saying, I hoped to have the pleasure of meeting her + soon again, under calmer circumstances, for I was completely enchanted by + her grace and beauty, and felt I could no longer be happy out of her + presence. + </p> + <p> + "I remained to watch her enter her abode before I turned to seek my horse, + which I found neighing impatiently at my prolonged absence. Through some + acquaintances in the village, I learned the name of her whom I had been + the means of saving from violence, and learned to my disappointment and + horror that she was the priest's niece. Day after day I found some pretext + for passing through the village, that I might obtain a glimpse of Alba, + for that was her name; and twice I was fortunate enough to meet her and + exchange a few words. I did not speak to her of love, but I felt she knew + my passion for her, and was learning to return it. + </p> + <p> + "The priest, burning with rage at the thought of his infamy being not only + frustrated by me but made known to the father of the maiden, resolved to + be revenged. Being reproved by the old man for his brutal conduct, and + threatened with public exposure unless he absented himself for a long + time, until he should have thoroughly repented of his intended crime, the + priest fell upon the old man, and with one blow from a mallet crushed in + his skull. Then, fearing the consequences, he carried the dead body into + the courtyard, and, placing it upon its back near a ragged stone, left it + there, and retired to bed, leaving his neighbors to suppose, when the + corpse was discovered in the morning, that the old man had fallen down in + a fit, and striking his head against the stone pavement, had thus met with + his death." + </p> + <p> + What matters a crime to a priest, if he can cover it? He had committed a + gross lie by calling himself the minister of God, and now he took + advantage of the easy ignorance of his neighbors to conceal a still + grosser crime. + </p> + <p> + Those of his profession use double dealing all their lives.' A priest + knows himself to be an impostor, unless he be a fool, or have been taught + to lie from his boyhood, so that as he advances in years, he becomes not + even able any longer to dissociate the false and the true. Whilst he lives + in comfort, he makes the credulous multitude believe he suffers hardships + and privations. Poor priest! Well do we remember seeing in America a + painting representing one of the cloth seated at a dining-table spread + with all kinds of viands and a flagon of wine, in the act of caressing his + plump and rosy Perpetua, who was seated at his side; and, meanwhile, + outside the door stood a poor Irishman with his wife and baby. All three + were wan, emaciated, and miserably clad, yet the husband was dropping a + coin into the priest's box, on which was written, "Give of your charity to + the poor priest of God." Infamous mockery! On the one hand there was + enjoyment, hypocrisy, and lying; on the other, ignorance, credulity, and + innocent misery. + </p> + <p> + "One evening," continued Gasparo, "I was sitting in my hut, feeling rather + weary after a long day's hunt, thinking of Alba, and dreading, from what + she had told me, that some catastrophe might be impending, when the door + flew open, and the object of my thoughts rushed in exclaiming, 'Murder! + Murder!' and fell insensible upon the floor." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0048" id="link2HCH0048"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLVIII. GASPARO'S STORY CONTINUED. + </h2> + <p> + "The words of Alba revealed to me the horrible crime that had been + perpetrated. I raised her fainting form, and laid her upon my pallet, for + my parents were both dead, and I dwelt alone. Now I could, for the first + time, realize the full and sweet beauty of my heart's love. The sight of + this lovely creature almost lessened my aversion to the vile fratricide + and his unlawful passion. Alba had never related to me what had passed on + that night, and as I did not wish to awaken painful recollections, I had + always avoided interrogating her upon the subject, so that I knew nothing + of the dispute and murder. But the priest, supposing me aware of his + misdeeds, and jealous of my love for Alba, schemed, as only a fiend could, + to annihilate me through his own crime, though not daring to accuse me + openly. He had hinted to his most intimate friends that I was his + brother's murderer, and offered all he possessed to certain bravos if they + would undertake to kill me. + </p> + <p> + "You can still perceive, in spite of my age, and the troubles that have + weighed me down, that I was agile when a youth, and that I was capable of + taking care of myself against ten priests. Well, Alba had come to tell me + of her father's death and the priest's calumnies. And this scoundrel had + me waylaid, as she warned me, so that I ran a narrow escape of losing my + life. He had paid several cut-throats handsomely to destroy me. I was + always, however, on my guard, and seldom went out of the house without my + carbine; and my faithful little dog Lion could hear the movement of a + small bird a hundred paces off, and would wag his tail and prick up his + ears at the slightest sound. My poor, poor dog! he was a victim to his + love for me." + </p> + <p> + And here the sensitive heart of the old chief, Gasparo, obliged him to + pause a moment. + </p> + <p> + "Yes, those devils, daring one of my walks to S———, + contrived to poison him. + </p> + <p> + "From S——— to my forest-home several thick places in the + cover had to be passed. Here the bravos had hidden themselves once or + twice, but, frustrated by my vigilance, and frightened at my carbine, they + made their retreat as soon as I appeared, and informed the priest that + they should give up the enterprise. Father Giacomo did not understand + this, and finally persuaded them, after offering a higher sum, and + regaling them abundantly with food and wine, to make another attempt, in + which he himself was to accompany them. With his three highwaymen, he took + up a position one evening near my little house, concealing themselves + behind a large bush that grew by the side of the narrow path which led to + it, and which they knew I should be obliged to pass. + </p> + <p> + "My poor Lion was dead, and on this occasion, in spite of all my + precautions, I was taken by surprise. Four almost simultaneous shots were + fired upon me from the bush, and a furious cry of 'Die' was uttered by the + would-be assassins, who rushed upon me expecting to' find me mortally + wounded. But not so, for I was saved as by a miracle. All four balls + struck me, and three of them slightly wounded me, the most serious hurt + being caused by the first shot, which carried off, as you see, a piece of + my left ear; the second struck against my leathern belt, smashing only a + few of my cartridges; the third pierced my hat, grazing my head; and the + fourth grazed my right shoulder, occasioning a slight scratch. + </p> + <p> + "The first person who approached me was the priest, holding a carbine in + his left hand and a poniard in the right. He was like a demon to behold, + for rage and hatred; but my shot was more effective than his, and in one + moment he was rolling at my feet, uttering frightful groans. I knocked + over one of the bravos with my second discharge, whereupon the other two, + seeing the figure their companions had cut, and noting the pistols still + left in my belt, took to their heels and fled. This was the first time I + had shed blood, and I felt some remorse as I regarded the dead bodies of + the priest and his tool. In any other country I might have escaped + unpunished by pleading the law of self-defense; for though I had no + witnesses, the case was clear, and the rancor which the priest bore to me + was so well known that it would not have been difficult to prove my + innocence. But under the priestly government it is another matter, and the + destroyer of one of their body would have no chance of escape; so I + thought it best to flee the country. + </p> + <p> + "Then began the eventful history of my so-called brigandage; and I swear + to you that amongst all the agents sent out of this world by my hand, + there has not been one who did not first attempt my life. Many young men, + persecuted like me by the clergy, followed me to my place of retreat; and + very soon I had organized so formidable a band, that the Papal Government + treated with me almost as with an equal power. Assassins or thieves by + profession I never would receive into my company. The unfortunate of all + grades were aided by me, and if the authorities of the priesthood were + sometimes assaulted, it was only to warn them to cease their acts of + injustice and infamy. + </p> + <p> + "In this manner I passed many years, in reality more of a ruler over the + Roman country than he who sits in the Quirinal, until the creatures of + that cunning court, seeing they could do nothing with me by force, had + recourse to treachery. That bright jewel of holiness, my relative, + Cardinal A————, whom may God reward! contributed + more than any one else to my capture. I had the weakness to trust his + specious promises, and remained, in consequence, fourteen years in irons, + in a miserable prison. But the justice of God will at last find out those + evil doers and punish them, for they are verily the scourge of humanity. + </p> + <p> + "When in the Papal galleys I heard of you, Orazio, and of your courageous + resistance to the tools of the Vatican, and I assure you I prayed; Heaven + that I might become before I died your assistant and companion. My prayer + was heard, and I only desire to devote the short remainder of my life to + the cause defended by you and your noble comrades." + </p> + <p> + Julia was interested in the narrative of the famous bandit, and after + sympathizing with him, was about to ask Orazio to relate some passages of + his career, when, looking around at the company, she perceived from their + looks that repose after the fatigues of the day had become necessary; and, + as the hour was late, she abandoned the idea, and watched with curiosity + the preparations for sleeping in the open air. + </p> + <p> + Fresh branches from the trees were strewn upon the most level portions of + the ground, under some of the gigantic oaks of the wood, and thus a + magnificent sylvan couch was spread apart for the women, who were to rest + together, covered with the cloaks of their beloved ones. Muzio offered his + to Julia, with a beseeching look, and paid her with a glance of the + deepest gratitude when she graciously accepted it. In the mean time Orazio + and his friends placed guards and sentinels around, and gave orders to + sound the <i>reveille</i> at dawn. + </p> + <p> + There, under the trees, extended on the turf, slept those upon whom the + hopes of all true Romans hung. For Rome, after eighteen centuries of + lethargy and shame, was beginning to awake and claim again a place of + honor on the earth for her who was once its mistress. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0049" id="link2HCH0049"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XLIX. THE PURSUIT + </h2> + <p> + Heaven has apparently willed that the highest pitch of human greatness + shall be in its turn contrasted with the lowest depths of national + humiliation. Witness that body of cut-throats now called the "<i>Roman</i> + army," compared with the "Roman army" which once conquered all the known + world. None but priests could have produced such an astounding and + monstrous transformation. + </p> + <p> + While the hours had passed as above related, the General placed at the + head of the Pope's troops arrived at Viterbo, with all the forces he had + been able to gather, and called his superior officers to a council in the + municipal palace. Among the number was one martial gentleman with a nose + like a small melon, covered with slips of sticking-plaster, and this + warrior was he who had received the blow from Silvio at the inn door. His + face was flushed besides with wine, of which he had been partaking + copiously to drown his chagrin, and he urged the General vehemently to + proceed at once to assault the "<i>brigands</i>." The General, however, + considered that it would be better to wait till daybreak before they made + a move, for he was by no means certain that the soldiers could stand to + their arms at that late hour, nearly all being more or less drunk; and, + after some further discussion, the General's view was applauded by the + council and adopted. + </p> + <p> + At daybreak, therefore, the champions of the altar and the tiara obeyed + the bugle-call; but it required some little time to get these ornaments of + warfare into order. Some were footsore by the rapid march from Rome to + Viterbo, others by their flight from the Ciminian hill, others ill with + potations, and therefore it was not until the sun rose high above the + Apennines that the army was in marching order. Even then many were the + delays, for the General was at the mercy of the native guides, who very + unwillingly conducted him through the intricacies of the forest, of which + he was of course ignorant. + </p> + <p> + The proscribed, who were thoroughly acquainted with it, had begun to move + at early dawn, so that when the sun rose they had already reached the + summit of the mountain, from whence they could survey the whole country, + and were reconnoitring, to see if any troops were advancing from the town. + The coming of the troops was thus directly perceived. + </p> + <p> + Orazio—whose assumption of the command no one had disputed—dispersed + about a hundred of his men, under Muzio's direction, as skirmishers over + the low lands and amongst the underwood bordering upon the road on which + the enemy was advancing. The remainder he arranged in column on the rising + ground, ordering them to be in readiness to charge at the first signal. + Having thus disposed his main force, he summoned Captain Tortiglio, and + questioned him about the different officers in command of the enemy, who + was still at some distance, ascending the mountain side. + </p> + <p> + "He who commands the vanguard," replied Tortiglio, "is Major Pompone, a + brave officer, but a bully of the first order." + </p> + <p> + "If I do not deceive myself," said Silvio, who was watching the enemy's + movements through his telescope, "that is the very fellow who wanted me to + carry his luggage for him, for his nose is unmistakable." + </p> + <p> + "And who is that on horseback, leading what I suppose to be the principal + body?" again asked Ordzio. + </p> + <p> + "Lend me your telescope," said Tortiglio, and, having pointed it at the + individual in question, exclaimed, "<i>Per Dio!</i> that is the + commander-in-chief of the Papal army; and see, his mounted staff is just + appearing!" + </p> + <p> + "What is his name?" + </p> + <p> + "His name is Count de la Roche—de la Roche Haricot. These French + Legitimists, representatives of the feudal times, have names nearly all + commencing with de, which are very difficult for us, 'of the <i>Si</i>,' + to pronounce." + </p> + <p> + "You, then, belong to the language of the <i>Si</i>, Signor Spaniard?" + asked Orazio rather roughly. + </p> + <p> + "<i>Como no!</i>" (and why not?) articulated the captain in Spanish; "are + you alone the sons of the ancient Latins, and the possessors of that + universal language? Leant that there is as much in common between the + Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese languages as there is between the face of + a Calabrian and that of an Andalusian, who indeed resemble each other like + brothers." + </p> + <p> + "Bravo, Captain Tortiglio," said Attilio, who had just arrived, having + left the division he was in command of for orders; "you are a fortunate + scholar! We unlucky Romans are only taught by the priests to kiss hands, + kneel, and attend the mass, but are left in ignorance of what goes on in + grammars and polite learning outside the walls of Rome." + </p> + <p> + But the Papal army was advancing, and Orazio, like an experienced captain, + kept measuring its progress, without being in the least discomposed, yet + feeling that anxiety which a leader must experience when in command of a + body of troops of any kind, and in the presence of a numerous enemy about + to attack. + </p> + <p> + One of the inconveniences a guerrilla band has to sustain in time of + battle, and which very much preoccupies the chief, is the necessity of + abandoning the wounded in case of retreat, or of leaving them in charge of + the terrified inhabitants, who are afraid of being compromised. These + considerations, and the unequal number of the opposing forces, impelled + Orazio to sound the signal for retiring, and the hunter, with the sagacity + that distinguished him, gathered in his fifty men with as much coolness as + he would have shown had he been summoning them to a new beat in the chase. + Having communicated his intention to Attilio, and enjoined him not to + attempt it too precipitately, but to execute the order of retreat in + divisions, Orazio went to Muzio, who was prepared to receive the enemy, + now marching rapidly upon him. + </p> + <p> + Exchanging a few words with the leader of the vanguard, he ascended to the + highest point of the position, from whence he was able to survey every + thing, accompanied only by two of his adjutants. + </p> + <p> + General Haricot was not wanting in a certain amount of gallantry, which + would have been worthy of a better cause. He was now assailing the unknown + position of the Liberals boldly, with his vanguard <i>en echelon</i>, + being himself in the center of the line. + </p> + <p> + However it may be—whether in an engagement or in a pitched battle—the + commander-in-chief ought to place himself in such a manner that he can + command a view of as large a portion of the field of battle as the + circumstances permit, and this he can usually best accomplish, by being + himself at the head of the troops first engaged. + </p> + <p> + As he must receive information of all that passes during the fight, the + General, if he places himself at a distance from the scene of action, + subjects himself to serious loss of time, inaccurate reports, and, to what + is of still greater importance, incapability to discover at a glance that + portion of his command which may stand in immediate want of relief, or to + note where, if victorious, he ought to send in pursuit of the enemy light + bodies of cavalry, infantry, or artillery, to complete the repulse. + </p> + <p> + There was no failing, however, in this respect on the part of the two + commanders-in-chief in this action. Haricot, emboldened by the superiority + of his numbers, gave the order to attack without any hesitation. Orazio, + though decided upon a retreat on account of his inferior force, was + determined to give his opponent such a lesson as should make him more + guarded and less precipitous in his pursuit. The irregularity of the + ground, and the dense masses of trees had enabled Muzio to draw his men + under cover into advantageous positions. There he desired them to await + till the enemy came into point-blank range, to fire only telling shots, + and then retreat behind the lines of the other divisions. This his + valorous companions in arms did. Their first discharge covered the ground + with the wounded and lifeless bodies of the enemy. The vanguard of the + mercenaries was so demoralized as to retreat, and while supports, led on + by the intrepid chief, were staying their backward progress, the confusion + gave the Italians time to make their retreat in good order. + </p> + <p> + When Cortez disembarked at Mexico he burned his ships. When the Thousand + of Marsala disembarked in Sicily they also abandoned their vessels to the + enemy, and so deprived themselves of any hope of retreat; and truly these + courageous acts conduced much to the success and triumphant conduct of + both expeditions. + </p> + <p> + The proximity of friendly frontiers has often been the cause of defection + in the ranks of the patriotic Italians. We have witnessed such scandals in + Lombardy in 1848, caused by the tempting neighborhood of Switzerland, and + also unhappily in the Roman States by the nearness of the royal territory. + Such was the case with the Three Hundred after the many adventures here + related. Orazio accomplished his retreat from the Ciminian hill without + loss, but it was necessary to retire as far as the Italian dominion, and + then it happened with his followers just as might have been expected, from + their want of supplies and the temptation of safely. + </p> + <p> + Although this band was composed of courageous men, it dissolved like a fog + before the sun when it touched the national frontier. The chiefs, after + vainly reminding their men that their country was still in bondage, and + that it was the duty of all to prepare for another struggle to free her, + found themselves nearly alone. The eight or nine firm hearts with whom we + are best acquainted, along with Gasparo and Jack, took the road to Tuscany + on their way to Leghorn, where they expected to find the fair Julia's + yacht, and gain some news of their absent friends. And here we will take + leave of them for the present, to meet them later in new and adventurous + scenes. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_PART2" id="link2H_PART2"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PART THE SECOND. + </h2> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0050" id="link2HCH0050"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER L. THE PILGRIMAGE + </h2> + <p> + The recluse, at the period where we renew our story, was on the mainland, + whither he had been called by his friends. He had left his rocky abode to + fulfill a duty towards Italy, to which he had ever dedicated his life. He + had forced himself to undertake a pilgrimage, setting out from the + Venetian territory, his end being not only to influence the political + elections, but to sow the germs of emancipated spirit and conscience, + which alone can restore Italy to her first state of manly greatness, and + enable her people to throw off their bonds, discountenancing utterly that + idolatrous and false church called papal, and living upon the truths of a + real and vital religion. For with the priests human brotherhood is + impossible, since the papist condemns to everlasting flames every member + of the human family who refuses belief in the Pope's supremacy. In like + manner the Dervish or Turkish priest condemns eternally every believer in + Christianity, and you can not walk safely in the streets of Constantinople + or Canton because your life is in danger from these fanatics. In short, + priests and bigots are pretty much alike all over the world, while the + greatest and most sanguinary of conflicts have always been fomented by + them. + </p> + <p> + Take, as an example, the Crimean war, where one hundred and fifty thousand + men perished, while enormous treasures were swallowed up by the contest. + The commencement of the quarrel was on account of the church named the + Holy Sepulchre, and to decide whether a papistical or a Greek priest + should take precedence there. This dispute was brought before the Emperors + of France and Russia, and the result was war—England and Italy + taking part in the enormous butchery consequent thereon. + </p> + <p> + England is at the present day in perpetual anxiety with regard to the + state of Ireland, largely caused by the priests; and may God spare the + world from an insurrection in the United States, where, in a population of + thirty-three millions, nearly half are Roman Catholics, a large proportion + of them Irish, who, under the dictatorship of a bishop, divide the + country, and are always plotting for political supremacy. + </p> + <p> + In Venice the greater part of the population swore to follow General + Garibaldi to the death, yet the day after the same crowd congregated in + those shops where religious trinkets and "indulgences" in God's name are + sold for money, and where idolatry in the guise of Christianity erects + vain and lying images. Such are the Venetians, and such are they likely to + remain under priestly superstition and political corruption. + </p> + <p> + With regard to representation, the great body of the Italian people are + excluded from the elective franchise. Out of a population of more than + twenty-five millions there are only four million five hundred thousand + voters. Every voter must be twenty-five years of age, and must be able to + read and write. As to the latter, the power of signing his name is deemed + sufficient, but he must also contribute an annual sum of not less than + forty francs, which must be paid in direct taxation to the state or + province (the province answering to the English county); the municipal + rates are not taken into account. Graduates of universities, members of + learned societies, military and civil <i>employés</i>, either upon active + service or half-pay, professional men, schoolmasters, notaries, + solicitors, druggists, licensed veterinary surgeons, agents of change, and + all persons living in a house, or having a shop, magazine, or workshop, + are entitled to a vote, provided the rental is, in communes containing a + population of less than two thousand five hundred inhabitants, two hundred + francs; in communes containing a population of from two thousand five + hundred to ten thousand inhabitants, three hundred francs; and in communes + containing a population of over ten thousand inhabitants, four hundred + francs. + </p> + <p> + But the power which the Government has of unduly influencing such of the + voters as are not in its own immediate employ is enormous, by means of the + chief officer in every town, called the syndic, who is appointed by the + Government, and removable at its pleasure. This officer, under pain of + dismissal, recommends to the voters for election any candidate that the + Government desires to have elected, and lamentable as is the financial + state of the country, millions of francs were placed at the disposal of + the syndics for the purpose of corruption in the spring of the year 1867. + If a town wants a branch railway to the main line, the election of the + Government candidate will always insure the accomplishment of its wishes + on this point. + </p> + <p> + The whole host of Government officials, including the police, actively + interfere in aid of the ministerial candidate. Schoolmasters and others + will be dismissed from their posts if they give a refractory vote; and + workmen for the same reason are discharged. Official addresses have been + known to be openly published, desiring the people not to vote for the + opposition candidates; and there are instances of papers on the day of + election being withheld from those voters who might prove to be too + independent. Therefore it was with a view to reforming these abuses that + General Garibaldi, in addressing the municipality of Palma, said, "Let the + new Chambers be impressed with the necessity of reorganizing the + administration, and if the Government, to tempt them, returns to its evil + ways, then ill betide it." We do not intend following the General's steps + as he proceeded from town to town, enthusiastically received by the + multitude, who, joyous at the sight of the "man of the people," applauded + his doctrine of non-submission to foreign dominion and humiliation, and + above all echoed his plain denunciations of that clerical infamy and that + immoral understanding which exists between the Papacy and those of the + unworthy men who misgovern Italy. + </p> + <p> + As it may be supposed, the priests attacked the General, and accused him + far and wide of being an atheist. This false and foolish charge led to his + making the following address before twenty thousand people at Padua:- + </p> + <p> + "It is in vain that my enemies try to make me out an atheist. I believe in + God. I am of the religion of Christ, not of the religion of the Popes. I + do not admit any intermediary between God and man. Priests have merely + thrust themselves in, in order to make a trade of religion. They are the + enemies of true religion, liberty, and progress; they are the original + cause of our slavery and degradation, and in order to subjugate the souls + of Italians, they have called in foreigners to enchain their bodies. The + foreigners we have expelled, now we must expel those mitred and tonsured + traitors who summoned them. The people must be taught that it is not + enough to have a free country, but that they must learn to exercise the + rights and perform the duties of free men. Duty! duty! that is the word. + Our people must learn their duties to their families, their duties to + their country, their duties to humanity." + </p> + <p> + Garibaldi proceeded next to the university of Padua; and there, standing + before the statue of Galileo, he uncovered his head, saying, "Who, + remembering Galileo, his genius and his life, the torture inflicted upon + him, the martyrdom he suffered—he, I say, who, remembering this, + does not despise the priests of Rome, is not worthy to be called a man or + an Italian." + </p> + <p> + The interests of commerce having always had a place in the heart of + General Garibaldi, he delivered the following address to the + Representatives of the Chambers of Commerce for Vicenza:—"Italy's + future depends in great part on you. Our wars against the foreigners are, + I hope, nearly at an end. Italy is united, is independent; you can make + her prosperous. There is nothing necessary to the maintenance of the human + race that we can not produce; and with such raw material as we have, what + can we not manufacture? Our people have a mania for foreign goods; they + like to wear foreign stuffs, to drink foreign wines, but let them once be + persuaded that our own are as good, and they will be glad to adopt them; + and foreign nations will receive our' merchandise, our manufactures, as + eagerly as we now seek for theirs. But progress of every kind is difficult + with the priests, and human brotherhood impossible." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0051" id="link2HCH0051"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LI. THE MEMORY OF THE DEAD + </h2> + <p> + Let our tale revert to yet more distant memories, while the name of + "Italy" wakes the author's recollections. He is set thinking of the sad + times when newly-liberated Rome was again enchained by the hands of + European despotism, alarmed at the revival of the Mistress of the World, + and at the terrible warning conveyed by the Roman Republic. Alas! it was + by the arms of another great Republic that her hopes were blighted. + Napoleon, the secret enemy of all liberty, fleshed his weapons upon the + Romans when he had committed the crime <i>lesanazione</i>, and betrayed + the credulous people of Paris, slaying them in their streets without + regard to age or sex. May God, in his own time, deal with the assassin of + the 2d of December, and of the world's liberty! + </p> + <p> + After the defense of Rome, the Recluse, never despairing of the fete of + Italy, although left with but few followers, decided to take the field. + But more is required than a handful of brave men when nations intend to + liberate themselves, and what can an irregular band of intrepid youths + accomplish against four armies? + </p> + <p> + It is true that in the present day national spirit is more awakened, and + the handful of brave youths has grown to heroic proportions and historical + deeds, but in those unhappy times the populace stood gazing stupefied and + in silence at the relics of the defenders of Rome while passing out on + their way to the open country, regarding them as irretrievably lost. Not + one of those men stood forward to increase our ranks. On the contrary, + every morning discovered a quantity of arms upon the ground of bivouac, + which deserters had abandoned. Those arms were placed upon the mules and + wagons which accompanied the column, so that in time the column possessed + more mules and wagons than men, and little by little the hope of arousing + that nation of sluggards vanished from the souls of the faithful and + courageous survivors. + </p> + <p> + At San Marino, seeing there was no longer any hope or heart to fight, the + order of the day was given "to dismiss the men to their homes." That order + was couched in the following terms: "Return to your homes, but remember + that Italy must not remain a slave." + </p> + <p> + The larger number took the road to their dwellings, but some deserters + from the Papal and Austrian troops, who, if taken prisoners would have + been shot, remained to accompany their chief in his last attempt to free + Venice. + </p> + <p> + And here begins a still sadder and more painful history. + </p> + <p> + Anita, the Recluse's inseparable companion, would not, even under these + trying circumstances, leave him. In vain did her husband endeavor to + persuade her to remain at San Marino. Though pregnant, faint, and sick, + arguments were of no avail: the courageous woman would heed no advice, and + answered all by smilingly asking "if he wished to abandon her." + </p> + <p> + Surrounded by the Austrian troops, tracked by the Papal police, that tired + remnant of the Roman army outstripped them all during a night march, and + arrived at the gates of Cesenatico at one o'clock in the morning, where an + Austrian detachment kept guard. + </p> + <p> + "Fall on them and disarm them," exclaimed Garibaldi to the few individuals + forming his retinue; and the Austrian soldiers, completely stupefied, + allowed themselves to be disarmed. The authorities were then awakened, and + requested to supply food and <i>bragozzi</i>, or small barges, that the + volunteers might embark. + </p> + <p> + It can not be denied that fortune has favored the Recluse in many arduous + enterprises, but at this time began for him a series of adversities and + misfortunes. + </p> + <p> + A northern cloud had spread itself over the Adriatic on this night, and + breaking into wind, had rendered the sea furious. The narrow mouth of the + port of Cesenatico was one mass of foam. Great were the efforts made to + leave the port in the <i>bragozzi</i>, thirteen in number, weighed down as + they were with people, and at day-break they succeeded. But at this crisis + numerous Austrians entered Cesenatico. + </p> + <p> + Sail was made, for the wind had become favorable, and on the following + morning four of the <i>bragozzi</i>, in one of which were Garibaldi and + Anita, with Cicernachio, his two sons, and Ugo-Bassi, landed in the Foci + del Po. Anita, carried in the arms of the man of her heart, was borne to + shore in a dying condition. The occupants of the other nine <i>bragozzi</i> + had given themselves up to the Austrian squadron, which had discovered the + little crafts by the light of a full moon, and had rained bullets and + grapeshot upon them until they surrendered. + </p> + <p> + The shores where the four boats put in were swarming with the enemy's + explorers, sent to trace the fugitives. Anita was lying a little way off + the shore, concealed in a corn-field, her head supported by the Recluse. + Leggiero, a valiant major belonging to the island of Maddalena, who had + followed the General in South America, and returned to Italy with him, was + their only companion. He lay peeping through the stalks, and very soon + discovered some of the cursed white curs in search of blood. Cicernachio, + Bassi, and nine others, who by our advice had taken a different direction + in order to escape the enemy, were all captured, and shot like dogs by the + Austrians. + </p> + <p> + When the nine victims were taken, the Austrians compelled nine peasants, + by force of blows, to dig nine holes in the sand, after which a discharge + from the enemy's picket dispatched the unhappy heroes. The youngest, a son + of a Roman tribune, only thirteen years of age, still moved after the + fire, but a blow from the butt-end of an Austrian's musket smashed in his + skull, and thus brutally ended his young life. Bassi and his brother, + Cicernachio, met with the same fate at Bologna. The foreigner and the + priest made merry in that hour of slaughter over the purest Italian blood; + and the mitred master of Rome remounted his polluted throne, having for a + footstool the corpses of his compatriots. + </p> + <p> + Let this cold brutality, this savage butchery of their honest + noble-hearted compatriots live in the memory of Italians, and give their + consciences no peace while they leave their magnificent city a prey to the + foreigner and to the vile priests, who use it as a den of infamy. + </p> + <p> + The Recluse, bearing his precious burden—that dear and faithful wife—wandered + sadly, with his companion, Leggiero, through the lagoons of the lower Po, + until he had closed her eyes, and wept over her cold corpse tears of + desperation. Onward he wandered then, through forests and over mountains, + ever pursued by the agents of the Pope and of Austria. Fate, however, + spared him, to suffer anew both danger and fatigue, and to reap some + triumphs too. The tyrants of Italy again found him upon their tracks—those + tracks indelibly stained by them with tears and blood. Ill was it for them + that he escaped until the day when they, in turn, took to flight, and, + like cowards, left their tables spread for him, while the carpets of their + superb palaces bore the imprint of the rough shoes of his Thousand. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile, however, our tale has brought the Recluse to Venice to witness + the liberty for which he had sighed so much. It was then that the lagunes, + covered with gondolas, saluted the red shirt as the token of national + redemption, and sad memories faded in the light of the joy and freedom of + that Queen of the Adriatic. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0052" id="link2HCH0052"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LII. THE SPY IN VENICE + </h2> + <p> + It is eleven o'clock at night. The canals of Venice are covered with + gondolas, and the Place of St. Mark, illuminated, is so crowded with + people that scarcely a stone of the pavement is visible. From the balcony + of the Zecchini Palace, on the north side of the Piazza, the Recluse has + saluted the people, and the redeemed city ("redeemed," yes, but by a + bargain—the ancient bulwark of European civilization was, alas! + bought and sold a bargain between courts), and that salutation was + frantically responded to by an exulting and affected multitude. And above + all was the beholder struck by the aspect of the populace, as he said to + himself, "The stigma which despotism imprints upon the human face can even + be depicted here." + </p> + <p> + A people, once the ancient rulers of the world, transformed by the + foreigner and the priest, whose rod of deception, dipped in the chemistry + of superstition, is able to change good into evil, gold to dross, and the + most prosperous of nations into one of beggars and sacristans; these have + bartered away this noble city of the sea, which calls herself "daughter of + Rome"—left her disheartened, dishonored, and defamed! And he who + loved the people cried out in the anguish of his soul, "Alas, that it + should be so!" + </p> + <p> + But moved as he was by the contemplation of the scene, nevertheless he did + not fail to cast a scrutinizing look over the buzzing crowd. After a life + of sixty years, into which so many events had been crowded, the man of the + people was not wanting in experience that enabled him to analyze fairly + the component parts of a densely-packed crowd, among whom were hidden the + thief, the assassin, the spy, and the hireling of the priest. And many + such were purposely mingled with the good and honest of that population. + </p> + <p> + While thoughtfully gazing, as we have said, upon the assembled people, a + slight touch upon his shoulder made him aware of Attilio's presence. + </p> + <p> + "Do you see," said the young Roman to him, "that scoundrel's face, whose + head is covered with a cap of the Venetian fashion, standing amongst those + simple Venetian souls, but as easy to be distinguished as a viper amongst + lizards, or a venomous tarantula amongst ants? When such reptiles wind + about in a crowd, it is not without a motive; he is sent from Rome, and + there is certainly something new in store for us. That follow is Cencio. I + must look to him a little!" + </p> + <p> + Our readers will remember the subaltern agent of Cardinal Procorpio, for + whom Gianni had rented a room in sight of Manlio's studio. After his + employers had been hanged, he had been promoted to a higher office, that + of principal agent to his Eminence Cardinal ————, + the Pope's prime minister. + </p> + <p> + Cencio, once a Liberal, afterwards a traitor, had made profitable use of + his knowledge of some of the democrats of Rome, and was, therefore, prized + as a secret agent by the Cardinal's tribunal. We shall presently see what + his mission to Venice had been. Meantime, in a saloon in the Zecchini + Palace, closely filled with guests, amongst the brightest of the Venetian + beauties, shone our three heroines, Irene, Julia, and Clelia. + </p> + <p> + The Venetian youths, accustomed to contemplate the charms of the daughters + of the Queen of the Adriatic, were nevertheless astounded at the + enchanting appearance of these three Roman ladies. We say three Romans, + because Julia had by this time espoused her Muzio, and, although an + affectionate daughter of her own dear native land, she was proud of her + adopted country and called herself a Roman. + </p> + <p> + Irene was a little older than her companions, but had preserved so much + freshness, that her extremely majestic carriage covered the difference of + years, and she had so much the perfection of a matron about her, that she + could well have served as a model to an artist wishing to portray one of + those grand Roman matrons of Cornelia's time. Marriage had not changed her + younger and equally lovely companion; and the trio formed such an ornament + to that drawing-room that the Venetian youths fluttered around them + perfectly dazzled and amazed. + </p> + <p> + By the side of Clelia were Manlio and the gentle Silvia. Of all our ladies + only the Signora Aurelia was missing, and she had ended her + unintentionally adventurous career by marrying the good-natured Captain + Thompson, to whom she clung like the ivy to the oak; and although the sea + was still a little repugnant to her, on account of that storm in which she + had suffered so much, yet the billows had lost much of their terror, now + her British sea-lion stood by her side to guard her. + </p> + <p> + Orazio and Muzio were standing together in a corner of the room talking + over the events of the day, when Attilio, going up to them, made them + acquainted with his discovery, and after some consultation they started + off in company to the Piazza di San Marco. Not a few vain efforts did the + three friends make to break through the crowd before they succeeded in at + last reaching the object of their search, and whilst General Garibaldi, + recalled by the people to the balcony, was again addressing the crowd, he + saw his three young friends surround the fictitious Venetian. The iron + hand of Orazio grasped the wrist of the agent like a vice, and Muzio, + whose voice the scoundrel had formerly heard, fixing his glittering eyes + upon him, said in a low tone, "Cencio, come with us." + </p> + <p> + The tool of the priests, the traitor of the meeting at the Baths of + Caracalla, trembled from head to foot, his florid face became pale as that + of a corpse, and, without articulating a word, he walked forward in the + direction indicated by Muzio, between the other two Romans, who pushed him + unresistingly on. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0053" id="link2HCH0053"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LIII. THE "GOVERNMENT" + </h2> + <p> + When one thinks upon the hardly accomplished union of this our Italy, and + of the rulers who have "led" her over the thorny path she has trodden, one + can not but bow before the wisdom of Providence, who has uplifted her + until she has constituted herself a nation. + </p> + <p> + Often in meditating upon this—our beautiful, grand, but unhappy + native land—we in imagination have pictured her as a chariot drawn + with patient toil by the generous portion of the people, having for device + the "good of all," preceded by the star of Providence like a shining + beacon, with the wicked host of rulers and their immense retinue following + behind, disconcerted and fatigued, holding on to and endeavoring to draw + back the vehicle of the State, even at the risk of destroying it in their + efforts; while the people, impoverished, checked, and humiliated by that + heavy rabble tugging in the rear, remain submissive and constant in their + labors, clearing away the obstacles that cross their path towards + redemption, and proceeding gradually forward without despairing of a + future reparation. Reparation, indeed! From whom, my countrymen, do you + expect reparation? From the re-assured professors of priestcraft, of + Jesuitism, and of imposture, who have been restored to your towns and + villages at the expense of your patrimony to maintain you in ignorance and + in misery? + </p> + <p> + One of the many means of corruption employed by the powerful to render the + populace slaves, is at the present day the "black division"—the + priests. Kings who no longer believe in them have begun to use them to + control the people, and keep them from justice, light, and liberty, in the + name of "religion." This is the "reparation" which thou awaitest, <i>popolo + infelice!</i> Reparation—and how shouldst thou demand or deserve it, + who kneelest daily and hourly at the feet of a lying and chuckling + priesthood? + </p> + <p> + In the mean time, however, one of the agents of this priesthood is + walking, with his wicked head held down, in the grasp of Orazio and + Attilio; Muzio going before to open the way through the multitude of + people, and thus the four arrived finally at a tavern in the Vicola degli + Schiavoni. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0054" id="link2HCH0054"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LIV. THE SENTENCE OF DEATH + </h2> + <p> + "Let us pass quickly and on tiptoe that mass of corruption and slaughter + called the Papacy," says Guerrazzi; or, to quote his own indignant + Italian: "<i>Passiamo presto, e sulla punta dei piedi, quel macchio di + fimo e di sangue che si chiama Papato</i>." + </p> + <p> + The Popes, who call themselves the vicegerents of Christ, slaughter men + with chassepôts, play the executioner upon their political enemies, and + instruct the world in the science of tortures, Inquisitions, <i>autos-da + fe</i>, and murder. In former days many unhappy nations had the misfortune + to suffer therefrom. Spain, for example, who has recently thrown off the + yoke, for centuries groaned under the tortures of Rome. Even now the + priest of Christ in the Vatican satiates his sanguinary vengeance in + various ways, having recourse to the dagger, poison, brigandage, and + murders of all kinds and degrees. + </p> + <p> + In the Roman tribunal the sentence of death had been long pronounced + against Prince T———, the brother of our Irene; and + Cencio, with eight cut-throats of the Holy See under his command, was + under orders to take advantage of the tumult arising upon the arrival of + Garibaldi in Venice to execute the atrocious decree. The eight accomplices + of the spy had been posted in the immediate neighborhood of the Hôtel + Victoria, in all the ways by which he could possibly arrive. Four were to + hire a gondola and ply at the steps, with secret instructions to dispatch + the gondoliers if necessary, that there might be no witness to lay the + charge against them. + </p> + <p> + Cencio had not undertaken to perform the actual deed, but simply the task + of following the Prince's movements. Fortunately for the Roman noble the + spy failed in his scent, and was now not only in the clutches of our three + friends who had captured him, but in those of a fourth personage, who was + still more formidable to him—no other, in fact, than our old + acquaintance Gasparo. + </p> + <p> + Gasparo, after the events narrated in the preceding chapters, had + accompanied his new friends to territory that was not Papal, and had + offered his services as attendant to Prince T———. He had + therefore accompanied him to Venice. Whilst his master roamed through the + saloons of the Zecchini Palace, the watchful follower, who had remained on + the threshold to enjoy the sight of that brilliant scene, saw the three + Romans whom he loved as sons penetrate into the crowd. He determined to + keep near them, and found himself shortly after in the tavern of Vicola + dei Schiavoni, at the heels of Cencio. + </p> + <p> + It would be no easy matter to describe the terror and confusion of the + clerical Sinon surrounded by our four friends. They led him to an + out-of-the-way room on the upper story, and desired the waiter to bring + them something to drink, and then leave them, as they had some business to + transact. + </p> + <p> + When the waiter had obeyed them, and departed, they locked the door, and + ordering the agent to sit against the wall, they moved to the end of the + table, and, seating themselves upon a bench, placed their elbows on the + table and fixed a look upon the knavish wretch which made him tremble. + Under any other circumstances the wretch would have inspired compassion, + and might have been forgiven for his treachery, in consideration of his + present agony of fear. + </p> + <p> + The four friends, cold, impassive, and relentless, satisfied themselves + for some time with fixing their eyes upon the traitor, while he, quite + beside himself, with wide-opened mouth and eyes, was doing his best to + articulate something; but all he could mutter was, "Signore—I—am—not," + and other less intelligible monosyllables. + </p> + <p> + The calmness of the four Romans was somewhat savage, but for their deep + cause of hatred; and if any one could have contemplated the scene he would + have been reminded forcibly of the fable of the rat under the inexorable + gaze of the terrier-dog, which watches every movement, and then pounces + out upon it, crunching all the vermin's bones between its teeth. Or could + a painter have witnessed that silent assembly, he would have found a + subject for a splendid picture of deep-seated wrath and terror. + </p> + <p> + We have already described the persons of the three friends—true + types of the ancient Roman—with fine and artistic forms. Gasparo was + even more striking—one of those heads which a French photographist + would have delighted to "take" as the model of an Italian brigand—and + the picture would have been more profitable than the likeness of any + European sovereign. He was indeed, in his old age, a superb type of a + brigand, but a brigand of the nobler sort. One of those who hate with a + deadly hatred the cutthroat rabble; one who never stained himself with any + covetous or infamous action, as the paid miscreants of the priests do, who + commit acts that would fill even a panther's heart with horror. + </p> + <p> + Even the successor of Gianni would have made a valuable appearance in a <i>quadro + caratteristico</i>, for certainly no subject could have served better to + display panic in all its disgusting repulsiveness. Glued to the wall + behind him, he would, if his strength had equalled his wish, have knocked + it down, or bored his way through it to get farther from those four + terrible countenances, which stared impassively and mercilessly at him, + meditating upon his ruin, perhaps upon his death. The austere voice of + Muzio, already described as the chief of the Roman contropolizia, was the + first to break that painful silence. + </p> + <p> + "Well, then, Cencio," he began, "I will tell you a story which, as you are + a Roman, you may perhaps know, but, at all events, you shall know it now. + One day our forefathers, tired of the rule of the first king of Rome—who, + amongst other amiable things, had killed his brother Remus with a blow + because he amused himself with jumping over the walls he had erected + around Rome—our fathers, I repeat, by a <i>senattis consultant</i>, + decided to get rid of their king, who was rather too meddlesome and + despotic. <i>Detto-fatto!</i> they rushed upon him with their daggers, + and, although he struggled valorously, Romulus fell under their blows. + But, now the deed was done, it was necessary to invent a stratagem, for + the Roman people were somewhat partial to their warlike king. They + accordingly accepted the advice of an old senator, who said, 'We will tell + the people that Mars (the father of Romulus) has descended amongst us, + and, after reproaching us for thieving a little too much, and being + indignant to see the son of a god at our head, has carried him off to + heaven.' + </p> + <p> + "'But what are we to do with the body?' asked several of the senators. + </p> + <p> + "'With the body?' repeated the old man; 'nothing is easier.' And drawing + forth his dagger, he commenced cutting the corpse in pieces. When this + dissection was finished, he said, 'Let each of you take one of these + pieces, hide it under your robe, and then go and throw it into the Tiber. + It is evening now, and by to-morrow morning the sea-monsters will have + given a decent burial to the founder of Rome.' + </p> + <p> + "Now, Cencio, don't you think that, as regards your own end, and not being + king of Rome, or son of a god, such a death would be very honorable to you + who are nothing more than a miserable traitor?" + </p> + <p> + "For God's sake," screamed the terrified agent, trembling like a child, "I + will do whatever you demand of me; but, for the love you bear your + friends, your wives, your mothers, do not put me to such a cruel death." + </p> + <p> + "Do you talk of a cruel death? Can there be a death too cruel for a spy—a + traitor?" asked Muzio. "Have you already forgotten," he continued, "vile + reptile, selling the Roman youths to the priests at the Baths of + Caracalla; and that they narrowly escaped being slaughtered by your + infamy?" + </p> + <p> + Tears continued to roll from the coward's eyes, as Muzio continued: "What + about your arrival in Venice? What does it mean? Who sent you? What did + you come here for, dog?" + </p> + <p> + "I will tell all," was the wretched man's reply- + </p> + <p> + "You had better tell all," repeated Muzio, "or we shall see with edge of + knife whether you have concealed any thing in that malicious and + treacherous carcass of yours." + </p> + <p> + "All, all!" cried Cencio like a maniac; and, as if forgetful of what he + had to relate or overpowered by great fright, he appeared not to know how + or where to begin. + </p> + <p> + "You are doubtless more prompt in your narration to the Holy Office, + stammerer," grumbled Gasparo. + </p> + <p> + "Begin!" shouted Orazio; and Attilio, in a stem voice, also cried "Begin!" + not having spoken until then. + </p> + <p> + A moment of death-like silence followed before Cencio commenced thus:- + </p> + <p> + "If the life of Prince T———is dear to you—" + </p> + <p> + "Prince T———, the brother of Irene," exclaimed Orazio, + clearing the table at one bound, and grasping the traitor by the throat. + </p> + <p> + Had Cencio been clutched in the claws of a tiger, he would not have felt + more helpless than he did now, held by the fingers of the "Prince of the + Roman campagna." + </p> + <p> + Attilio said gently, "Brother, have patience—let him speak; if you + choke him we shall gain no information." + </p> + <p> + The suggestion made by the chief of the Three Hundred seemed reasonable to + Orazio, and he withdrew his impatient grip from Cencio's throat. + </p> + <p> + "If the life of Prince T——— is dear to you," again + recommenced the knave, "let us go all together in search of him, and + inform him that eight emissaries of the Holy Office are lurking about the + Hôtel Victoria, where he is lodging, in order to assassinate him." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0055" id="link2HCH0055"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LV. DEATH TO THE PRIESTS + </h2> + <h3> + "Death to the priests!" shouted the people. + </h3> + <p> + "<i>Death to no one!</i>" replied the General to the crowd from the + balcony, in answer to their cry. + </p> + <p> + "<i>Death to no one!</i> Yet none are worthier of death than this + villainous sect, which for private ends, disguised as religious, has made + Italy 'the land of the dead,' a burial-ground of greatness! Beccaria! thy + doctrines are true and right. The shedding of blood is impious. But I know + not if Italy will ever be able to free herself from those who tyrannize + over her soul and body without annihilating them with the sword for + pruning-hook, even to the last branch!" + </p> + <p> + These reflections passed through the mind of the man of the people, + although he rebuked the populace. Meanwhile, those of them who had not + wholly heard the words uttered by Garibaldi from the balcony, but only the + cry of "death!" which thousands of excited voices had re-echoed—those + of the people, we repeat, who were farthest off from the General and near + the palace of the Patriarch, advanced like the flood of a torrent + precipitating itself from a mountain, and attacked the prelate's abode, + overturning all obstacles opposed to their fury. In a few minutes every + saloon, every room in this fine building was invaded, and through the + windows all those religious idols with which the priests so unblushingly + deceive the people were seen flying in all directions. + </p> + <p> + Many artists and lovers of the beautiful would have lamented and cried, + "Scandal! sacrilege!" at the destruction of such works of art. And truly, + many very rare and precious master-pieces, under the form of saint or + Madonna or Bambino, were broken to pieces and utterly ruined in this work + of destruction. + </p> + <p> + Amongst the cunning acts of the priesthood, wealthy as they have been made + by the stupidity of the "faithful," has ever been that of employing the + most illustrious artists to portray and dignify their legends. Hence the + Michael Angelos and the Raphaels of all periods were lavishly supported by + them, and the people, who might have become persuaded of the foolishness + of their credulity, and of the impostures of the new soothsayers of Rome, + continued to respect the idols of their tyrants by reason of Italian + instincts, because these were master-pieces of noble work. + </p> + <p> + But is not the first master-piece of a people liberty and national + dignity? + </p> + <p> + And all those wonders of art, although wonders, if they perpetuate with an + evil charm our servility, our degradation—oh! would it not be better + for them to be sent to the infernal regions? However, be they precious or + worthless works, the people were overturning them and throwing them out + upon the pavement that night. + </p> + <p> + And the Patriarch? Woe to him if he had fallen into the hands of the + enraged multitude! + </p> + <p> + But their sacred skin is dear to those descendants of the apostles! + Champions of the faith they may be, but not martyrs. Of martyrdom those + rosy-faced prelates wish to know nothing themselves if they can avoid it. + His Eminence, at the first outbreak of popular indignation, had vanished, + gaining, by a secret door, one of his gondolas, in which he escaped in + safety. + </p> + <p> + In the mean time, the cry of the Recluse, + </p> + <p> + "<i>Morte a nessino!</i>" was taken up by the crowd, and at last reached + the ears of the sackers of the Patriarch's palace. + </p> + <p> + That voice, ever trusted and respected by the people, calmed the anger of + the passionate multitude, and in a few moments order and tranquillity were + again re-established. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0056" id="link2HCH0056"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LVI. PRINCE T———. + </h2> + <p> + In the shameful times when the right of the "coscia" existed, princes had + little necessity to woo a humble maiden, or to sue for her favor. At the + present day things have assumed a different aspect. Although princes exist + who possess as much pride of birth, or even more, than those of old days, + still we see many obliged to conform to more moderate pretensions in + matters of the heart, aspiring humbly to the favor of a plebeian divinity. + Such were the thoughts of poor Prince T-. + </p> + <p> + He stood in the vestibule of the Zecchini Palace, admiring the throng of + graceful visitors. In the crowded saloons it was difficult to do justice + to the faces, and still less to the deportment of the ladies. From that + part of the vestibule, on the first step, where the Roman prince had + established himself, observation was easier. + </p> + <p> + Suddenly, from the midst of the crowd emerged, as if by destiny, one of + those forms which, once seen, are reflected in the soul forever. + Golden-brown eyes, hair, and eyelashes adorned a face which would have + served Titian as a model of beauty—in a word, he saw the type of the + Venetian ideal. The Prince, until then immovable in the crowd hurrying to + and fro, was struck by a glance of those wonderful eyes, which seemed to + look at every thing and every body, without for a moment fixing their + glance on any. + </p> + <p> + As if under a spell, the Prince rushed after the footsteps of the unknown + lady, whose light foot seemed to float over the ground. He hurried on + after her, but the wish to overtake her was one thing, the capability + another. The beautiful and graceful girl, either more active or more + accustomed to fashionable throngs in Venice, was already seated in a + gondola, and had ordered the gondolier to put off when the Prince reached + the edge of the canal. + </p> + <p> + What could he do? throw himself into the water, and seize on the gunwale + of the lady's boat, like a madman, begging a word for pity's sake? This + was his first impulse; yet a bath in the waters of the lagoon in March + would be no joke, while to present himself before the lady of his thoughts + in the condition which would result from immersion, would be unpropitious, + and an especial trial to the dignity of a man of rank. He decided on + taking a more rational course, that of embarking in a gondola and + following the incognita. "Row hard," said the Prince to the gondolier, + "and if you overtake that black gondola I will reward you well." + </p> + <p> + Having pointed out the boat to be pursued, the gondolier cried "Avanti" to + his companion at the prow, and turning up his red shirt sleeves (red + shirts being the prevailing fashion just then among the Venetian rowers, + in honor of the guest of the day), the gondolier prepared to use the oar + with that grace and vigor which is not to be rivalled by any boatmen in + the world. + </p> + <p> + "Onward! onward! <i>gondola mio!</i> onward and overtake that too swift + boat which bears away my life; and why should not that lovely girl be such + to me, the Adriatic beauty of which I have dreamed a thousand times, when + Venice was enslaved as my poor Rome still is? Yet why did I only catch a + glimpse of her? Why did her dazzling eye thus meet mine, subdue me in a + moment, and make me hers forever, only to disappear? and has not her magic + glance wounded others as well as me? The very atmosphere around her + intoxicated me; must it not have affected all near her? <i>Ah, Dio!</i> is + this love at last? Is this that transient passion which men enjoy as they + bite at doubtful fruits and throw them away when tasted? or is it that + spiritual love which brings the creature near to God, which transforms the + miseries of life, its dangers, death itself, into ineffable happiness? + Yes! it is that; and now, come ye powerful of the earth, dare but to touch + my mistress whom I love with indescribable passion, approach her with an + army of ruffians at your back, profane but the hem of her gown, and my + sword shall defy all for her sweet sake. Onward! onward!" cried the + Prince, interrupting his own soliloquy. "Row hard, and if one crown be not + enough, you shall have ten. Onward!" + </p> + <p> + "But suppose she were a plebeian? Well! in the name of heaven what is a + plebeian? When God created man did he make patricians and plebeians? Does + not the power that awes the vulgar come from tyrants and despots?" + </p> + <p> + "Ah! if that beautiful young creature should prove an impure, a nameless + one!" + </p> + <p> + "Oh, blasphemer of love, cease your profanity! How could a guilty woman's + face show such pure transcendent loveliness!" + </p> + <p> + Annita <i>was</i> a plebeian. The entrance to her dwelling showed that. + There stood no columned porch where the gondola drew up before a simple + door-step. The plain little staircase was bare; no rich vases with exotic + flowers stood about the threshold. A few flower-pots adorned the + window-sills, for Annita loved flowers as well as a princess could love + them, but hers were little, simple blossoms—I will not say poor + ones, for they were dear to the young girl, a very treasure to her. + </p> + <p> + An aged lady, who by day would have attracted the attention of every one—so + great was the anxiety depicted on her face—had awaited until that + moment, eleven at night, her beloved Annita, who, with the curiosity of a + child, had desired, like others, to have a close view of the man of the + people. Mario, her only brother, being absent, the mother had confided her + to the care of the family gondolier. + </p> + <p> + When Monna Rosa had ascertained that the newly arrived gondola was that + which she expected, she left the balcony, where she had been watching with + great misgivings for its arrival, and rapidly descended the stairs, + lantern in hand, to receive her beloved child. The two women were clasped + in each other's arms, as if after a long separation, when the Prince + arrived, and taking advantage of the open door, and of the evident + attention of the mother and daughter, he entered the house with the + audacity of a soldier on a conquered territory. At length, disengaged from + each other's arms, the mother was exclaiming in a tone of gentle reproach, + "Why so late, Annita?" when both started on perceiving the presence of a + stranger. + </p> + <p> + Having entered on a bold adventure, the Prince felt that he must carry it + through with spirit. He therefore advanced towards the young girl, who, + when so near, seemed more beautiful than ever. + </p> + <p> + He was about to try to find words to excuse his impetuous and + irrepressible admiration, when at that moment an iron grasp from behind + seized his wrist, and with a shake that made him stagger, separated him + from the women. + </p> + <p> + From a third gondola, which had arrived a short time after the two first, + there had sprung out swiftly and resolutely a new and youthful actor on + this interesting scene. Tall in stature, vigorous and handsome in person, + the last arrival wore the red shirt, and on the left side of his broad + breast bore that distinctive mark of the brave, "The Medal of the + Thousand." + </p> + <p> + Morosini was Annitas lover. An attentive observer would have read in the + young girl's face a world of affectionate emotion at the sight of her + beloved, succeeded by an expression of affright, when his manly, sonorous + voice, addressed the Prince, "You are mistaken, sir! You will not find + here the game you seek; retrace your steps, and make your search + elsewhere." + </p> + <p> + The shaking he had received, and the rough words that followed, had + aroused the Prince's ire, and as he was not wanting in courage, he + answered his interlocutor in the same tone. + </p> + <p> + "Insolent rascal! I came not here to affront, but to offer respectful + homage. As for your impertinence, if you are a man of Rome, you will give + me satisfaction. Here is my card. I shall be found at the Victoria Hotel, + and at your service, until mid-day to-morrow." + </p> + <p> + "I will not keep you waiting," was Morosini's reply, and with this the + disconcerted Prince flung away. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0057" id="link2HCH0057"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LVII. THE DUEL + </h2> + <p> + The Italian sportsman does not pursue the partridge in the thicket, but + after covering up the waters of all the small pools save one, he there + awaits his sport with shot, with net, or with bird-lime, at the moment + that the innocent creature seeks refuge and refreshment. It is during the + sultry hours that the ploughman lies in wait at the watering-place, to + restore his rebel oxen to the yoke from which they have escaped. The + corsair, who would be in vain sought on the ocean, is trapped at the mouth + of his hiding place, to which he conducts his prey. + </p> + <p> + Such was the reasoning of our four Romans as regards Prince T-, for whom + they vainly sought in every hole and corner. After they had discovered and + sent home the cut-throats of the Holy Office, through the forced + assistance of Cencio, they placed themselves on the lookout, in the + vicinity of the Victoria Hotel, awaiting the appearance of T-. In fact, + about twelve o'clock, he made his appearance, and was followed to his room + by his friends, who made him acquainted with the design of the assassin, + and other circumstances. + </p> + <p> + The Prince was too reserved to inform his friends of his approaching duel, + especially Orazio, whose ardent nature he well knew, and who would not + have yielded to any other the office of second; still he needed a second, + and taking advantage of a moment's animated discussion among his + companions, he summoned Attilio to the balcony by a glance, and asked him + to remain with him for that night. Orazio, Muzio, and Gasparo finally took + leave, and Attilio remained, under pretext of particular business. + </p> + <p> + At the first dawn of day, a young man in a red shirt knocked at the door + of a room marked No. 8 in the Victoria Hotel, and presented to Prince T——— + a cartel, signed Morosini, and thus worded:— + </p> + <p> + "I accept your challenge, and await you at the door of your hotel in my + gondola. I have weapons with me, but you had better bring your own, in + case mine should not be suitable. The seconds will regulate the conditions + of the duel. + </p> + <p> + "Morosini." + </p> + <p> + After the Prince had risen, and summoned Attilio, he introduced him to the + second of Morosini, and in a few minutes the conditions were settled as to + arms, which were to be pistols; distance, twenty steps, to be walked over, + firing <i>à volonté</i>. The ground chosen was behind the Murazzi, to + which the combatants could immediately repair. + </p> + <p> + And truly, when one has to die, or to kill, it is best over as soon as + possible, because even the stoutest hearts are disinclined to either + alternative, and wish the time of expectancy abridged. + </p> + <p> + What shall I say of duelling? I have always thought it disgraceful that + men can not come to an understanding without killing one another. But, on + the other hand, it is not time for us, who are still oppressed by the + powerful of the earth, still the despised of Europe, to preach individual + or general peace, to advocate the forgiveness of private outrages, when we + are often so publicly outraged. We, who are trampled upon in our rights, + our consciences, our honor, by the vilest section of our nation—we, + who, in order to be allowed life, consideration, and protection, are + compelled to debase ourselves, must not quite despoil ourselves of our one + protection! + </p> + <p> + Away with duelling, then, when we shall have a constitution, a + well-organized government—when we shall enjoy our rights within as + well as without; but, in the present dangerous times for honor and right, + we can not proclaim peace. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile, the gondolas carrying the combatants proceeded towards the + Murazzi, the rowers for some time coasting the immense rampart constructed + by the Venetian republic as a defense against the fury of the Adriatic, + and finally disembarking their passengers on the deserted shore, which is + dry when the north winds or the siroccos blow. + </p> + <p> + The antagonists leaped on the sand, chose a convenient place, and, after + having measured twenty steps, the seconds handed the pistols to the + principals, who placed themselves on the two spots marked on the sand. + Attilio had to clap his hands three times, and at the third signal the + combatants were to walk forward and fire à volonté. Already two signals + were given; Attilio's hands were again raised to make the third, when a + voice cried, from the spot where the gondolas awaited, "Hold!" + </p> + <p> + The four men all turned in that direction, and saw one of the gondoliers, + a venerable, gray-haired man, who was advancing towards them. + </p> + <p> + "Hold!" repeated the old man; and he came forward without stopping until + he stood between the two antagonists. Then he spoke, with a somewhat + faltering voice, yet still in a manly tone, with such force as could + hardly have been expected in one of his breeding and age- + </p> + <p> + "Hold! sons of one mother! The act you are about to accomplish will stain + one of you with the blood of a compatriot—blood which might flow for + the welfare of this unhappy land, which has still so much to do ere she + can attain the independence she has aimed at for so many centuries. The + vanquished will pass away without one word of love or blessing from those + dear to him; the victor will remain for life with the sting of remorse in + his heart. You, by whose bronzed and noble face I recognize a child of + this unhappy land, has not Italy still many enemies? does she not need all + her offspring to loosen the chains of centuries? Abandon, then, this + fraticidal struggle, I beseech you, in the name of our common mother! Why + should you gratify the enemies of Italy by the murder of her friends? You + came forth antagonists, return companions and brothers!" + </p> + <p> + The waves of the Adriatic were breaking with more effect against the rocks + that border Murazzi than the patriotic and humane words of the old man on + the obstinate will of the two angry compatriots; and, with a certain + aristocratic impulse of pride, the Prince exclaimed to his counsellor + "Retire!" + </p> + <p> + The seconds recommenced with the same number of signals as before, and at + the third the adversaries marched towards one another, with pistol cocked + in the right hand, with eyes unflinchingly fixed on each other, and with + the deliberate intention of homicide. About the twelfth step the Prince + fired, his ball grazed the side of Morosini's neck, blood flowed, but the + wound was slight. The soldier of Calatafimi, cooler than his antagonist, + approached closer. At about eight paces he fired, and the brother of Irene + sank on the ground—the ball had pierced his heart. + </p> + <p> + The Holy Office of the Vatican laughed at the news, with the infernal joy + which it experiences every time that blood shed by private discord reddens + the unhappy soil. + </p> + <p> + And who spilt that Italian blood? An Italian hand, alas! consecrated to + the redemption of his country. How often it has been thus! + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0058" id="link2HCH0058"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LVIII. ROME + </h2> + <p> + Ok the second of December, the despot of the Seine, the false Emperor, the + enemy of all liberty, and the great ally of all tyrants, after seventeen + years of unrighteous rule, pretended, with the same hypocrisy with which + he kept her enslaved, to liberate the Niobe of nations, the old metropolis + of the world—the ruler, the martyr, the glory of the earth. + </p> + <p> + He carried on the work of Divine vengeance. Attila, at the head of his + ferocious tribes, had conquered Rome, destroyed her, and exterminated her + people. Was not this God's justice? + </p> + <p> + "Whosoever sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed!" + </p> + <p> + The ancient Romans ruled the world by subjugating the remotest nations, + pillaging and breaking them down. Slavery, misery, and ruin, their + ministers, compelled the nations of the earth to submit to their tyrants. + </p> + <p> + The successor of the Attilas, not less a robber than they, threw himself + on an easy prey, and his false heart beat with joy when he clutched the + victim. Yet even this action was but a caricature of the actions of the + Attilas who have punished Rome. To accomplish great deeds, even of the + evil sort, there must be great hearts, and he has a heart both little and + cowardly. In all he does, we can see he intends to imitate his uncle; but + the want of genius and energy makes the attempt a failure. Attila + conquered, and made a pile of ruins of the proud victress-city. The modern + Attila, in a Jesuit guise, did not destroy, did not ruin, because he + considered the prey as his own property. + </p> + <p> + Afterwards, enfeebled by advancing years and luxury, his throne shaken to + its foundation, he renewed his sinister undertakings in America, where he + attempted to deal a death-blow to the sanctuary of the world's liberty—the + great Republic—by building an Austrian empire at her gates. + </p> + <p> + And the Italian Government has accepted the bidding of the false Emperor, + acting as the <i>sbirro</i> of the Vatican, to hinder the Romans from + liberating themselves, obliging them to submit to the government of the + Holy Office, to deny to Italy her capital, though proclaimed by her + parliament. + </p> + <p> + We firmly believe that a more cowardly Government than the Italian can not + be found in ancient or modern history. It must be accepted as the fate of + humanity to find ever side by side with so much good so much evil, + humiliation, and wickedness. We say side by side, because it can not be + denied that the unity of Italy is a marvel of good accomplished, in spite + of all the efforts made by rulers and selfish factions to hold back this + unfortunate country, by impoverishing and perverting it, and by every + means of depredation and deception. + </p> + <p> + But what a Government! Can, indeed, this agency of corruption be called a + Government? And the unhappy people! what are they? Half of them bought + over to hold the other half in bondage and in misery. + </p> + <p> + Hail, brave Mexicans! We envy your valor and constancy in freeing your + land from the mercenaries of despotism! Accept, gallant descendants of + Columbus, from your Italian brethren, congratulations on your redeemed + liberty! On you was to be imposed a like tyranny, and you swept it away, + as a noble and free river sweeps away impurity. + </p> + <p> + We alone—talkative, presumptuous, vain, boasting of glory, liberty, + greatness—are yet enchained!—blindfolded, freeing ourselves + with words, but unfit to accomplish by deeds that political reconstruction + which alone would give us the right to sit down beside the other free + nations. Trembling before the despotism of an unrighteous foreign tyrant, + we dare not, for fear of him, walk about in our own homes, tell the world + we are our own masters, or tear from our wrists the fetters which he has + fixed there; and, more humiliating and degrading still, he has left the + prey, which the indignation of the world forbade his appropriating, and + has said, "Keep her, cowards; become cut-throats in my stead; but beware + of meddling with my will!" + </p> + <p> + Oh, Rome! Thou who art truly "the only one!" Rome the eternal! Once above + all human greatness! And now—now, how degraded! Thy resurrection + must yet be a catastrophe, and a revolution, to shake the rest of the + world! + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0059" id="link2HCH0059"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LIX. VENICE AND THE BUCENTAUER + </h2> + <p> + The stains of slavery are only to be finally washed out with blood. The + more intelligent and wealthier classes ought once for all to understand + this, and to spare humanity the false solutions which settle nothing. + </p> + <p> + In other days, Venice, following the impetus given by her sister Lombardy, + effaced the many years of her humiliation and servility in blood. It is + not so now. She emerges from foreign dominion, not through her own acts, + but by the courage of others. Oh! if only her liberty had been won by the + valor of her brethren! But no, she was redeemed by foreign swords. Sadowa, + the glory of Prussia, freed Venice, and the Italian nation asks no veil to + hide this dishonor. + </p> + <p> + Nations, like individuals, require dignity to live—require the life + of the soul besides mere physical existence, to which our rulers would + condemn us. + </p> + <p> + Once the Queen of the Adriatic carried her proud lion into the far east, + repressed the victorious Ottoman, and dictated laws to him. The monarchs + of Europe, invoked and backed by the jealous Italian States, conspired + together against Venice, and were driven off by the amphibious and brave + republicans. Who would now recognize those proud compatriots of the + Dandoli and the Morosini in the ranks of men who require the foreigner to + free them, and, when free, throw themselves among the offscourings of "the + Moderates"—a party ready for any abasement, for any infamy. + </p> + <p> + How tyranny alters the noblest beings, and emasculates them! Take comfort, + however, Venetians; you do not stand alone, for such as you have I seen + the descendants of Leonidas and Cincinnatus. Slavery impressed on the + forehead of man such a mark of infamy as to confound him with the beasts + of the forest. + </p> + <p> + However, humbled as they have been, and still are, the Italians do not + neglect their amusements and their festivals. "Bread and pleasure!" they + cry to their tyrants, as of old they cried to their tribunes; and the + priest, to please, cheat, and corrupt them, has surrounded himself by a + mass of ostentatious ceremonies, surpassing all that the impostors of old + furnished, to conceal fraud by magnificent display. Do not talk of + politics, do not even think of them, but pay, and despoil yourselves with + a good grace, so as to support your masters richly, then they will give + you to satiety masses, processions, festas, games, amusements, and sensual + pleasures. + </p> + <p> + The sailing of the Bucentaur was one of the ceremonies very dear to the + people when Venice was free, when it had its own Government and Doge. On + the day fixed for the festival, the Bucentaur, the most splendid galley of + the Republic, decked out with as much ornament and as many banners as + possible, glittering with gilding and rich hangings, bore the Doge, the + Ministers of State, and the most remarkable beauties of the day, all in + gala costume. They started from the palace of St. Mark, and rowed towards + the Adriatic. Many other galleys formed a procession, following in the + wake of the Bucentaur, as well as a large number of gondolas decked for + the holiday, and containing the largest part of the population, male and + female. + </p> + <p> + Oh, beautiful wert thou in those days, ill-fated Queen! when thy Dandoli, + thy Morosini, sought, in the name of Venice, to propitiate the waves on + behalf of the bold navigators of the Adriatic. Hail to thee, Republic of + nine centuries! true mother of Republics! Yet if in thy greatness thou + hadst associated with thine Italian sisters instead of hating them, the + foreigner would not have trodden us all down and enslaved us. Hide the + wounds that your chains have made, smooth the lines that misery has + impressed on your forehead. Do not forget, whether rejoicing or sorrowing, + those humiliations through which you have passed, and henceforth remember + that only when united can Italy defy the great foreign powers who are + jealous of her uprise. + </p> + <p> + General Garibaldi stood leaning against a balcony of St. Mark's Palace, + which looked over the lagoon, in the company of our fair Romans, with + Muzio, Orazio, and Gasparo. He was listening to an old cicerone, who was + dilating on the ancient glories of the Republic, and after having spoken + on a variety of subjects, this individual had arrived at the description + of the festival of the Bucentaur. He expressed his regret at not being + able to see one of them nowadays, and pointed to the spot whence from the + mole started the famous craft, when suddenly Muzio's eye was arrested by a + well-known face, which appeared at the entrance of the cabin of a gondola + drawn up at the gates of the palace. Muzio disappeared like lightning, and + stood before Attilio, who descended, pressed his friend's right hand, and + could only articulate the melancholy word, "Dead!" + </p> + <p> + "It was fated, then, that this relic of Roman greatness should come here + to die," murmured the ex-President, having partly heard, partly guessed + the tidings of Attilio. + </p> + <p> + "He died like a brave man," said the chief of the Three Hundred. + </p> + <p> + "And many Italians know how to die so," thought Muzio; "but it is sweeter + to die fighting against the oppressors!" + </p> + <p> + "I will return to our party," said Muzio, "and consult with the General, + that he may turn our excursion in another direction, so as not to expose + Irene and Orazio to the shock of meeting the remains of their beloved one; + I will afterwards rejoin you with Gasparo." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0060" id="link2HCH0060"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LX. THE BURIAL + </h2> + <h3> + Foscolo has these lines— + </h3> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + A stone to mark my bones from the vaut crop + That death soirs on the land or in the sea. +</pre> + <p> + Admiring the mournful poems of this great singer, we are, like him, + advocates for honoring the great dead, and truly we believe that doing + homage to departed virtue is an incentive to make the living follow in its + path. When one thinks, however, of the gaudy pageants with which the + priesthood deck the last journey of the dead, one can not help deploring + the useless show and the expenditure. + </p> + <p> + Death that true type of the equality of human beings—death which + effectually destroys all worldly superiority, and confounds in one + democracy of decay the emperor and the beggar—death, the leveller, + must be astonished at so much difference between the funerals of the rich + and the poor! He must wonder at so much preparation for the burial of a + corpse, and laugh, if death can laugh, at so much mockery of woe, which is + frequently the cover for secret joy in the soul of the greedy heir, while + in the largest number it is mere indifference. Then the hired weepers—what + a pitiful spectacle those are! + </p> + <p> + We have seen in Moldavia, and we believe the custom is adopted in other + countries, that at the funeral of a Bojar a number of women are hired to + weep, and what tears they shed! what shouts do those miserable beings + utter! As to the grief they must have felt, it was measured by their pay. + </p> + <p> + These mourners have sometimes returned to our memory while reading + parliamentary debates during which certain hired people, or those who hope + for hire, burst out into a profusion of "<i>bravi" and "bravissimi</i>" at + the insulting speeches, or often at the unprincipled projects, of this or + that prime minister. + </p> + <p> + Prince T———'s funeral was largely attended, because it + was known that he was a man of mark. Among the crowd of people who + followed the remains, most of them with the greatest indifference, there + could be distinguished a few really sad faces. Those were the friends of + the dead man, Attilio, Muzio, and Gasparo. The latter especially had eyes + swollen by weeping. + </p> + <p> + The strong nature of the old Roman chief had been shaken by the loss of + his friend and master to whom he had been sincerely attached—a proof + at once of the kindly nature of the prince, and of the faithful heart of + the exile. Was he weeping for the prince? No; for the friend and + benefactor. + </p> + <p> + Oh, how many true friends might the great of the world possess, if they + would but open their hearts to generosity—if they would soften the + injustice of fate towards those upon whom she lays an unequal hand! + </p> + <p> + Many there are among the higher classes, I know, who are beneficence + itself, and some of the women of the noblest houses are distinguished for + their amiability and goodness. But these instances are not sufficient for + the suffering multitude; and the majority of the favorites of fortune are + not only indifferent to the unfortunate—they seem to add voluntarily + to their trials. + </p> + <p> + The duty and the care of good government should be to ameliorate the poor + man's condition; but, unhappily, that duty is unfulfilled, that care is + not undertaken. Government thinks only of its own preservation, and of + strengthening its own position; to this end it exercises corruption to + obtain satellites and accomplices. + </p> + <p> + The mass of the prosperous might, to a great extent, correct the capital + defect of administration by relieving misery and improving the condition + of the people. If the rich would thus only deprive themselves of but a + small portion of their superfluities! While the poor want the very + necessaries of existence, the tables of the wealthy abound with endless + varieties of food, and the rarest and most costly wines. Does the rich man + never feel the compunction of conscience which such shameless contrasts + ought to bring? + </p> + <p> + "Why such grief for the loss of one of our enemies, capitano?" + </p> + <p> + These words were accompanied by a tap on Gasparo's shoulder, both + proceeding from an odd-looking man, who was following in the funeral + procession. Gasparo turned round, stood for a moment considering his + familiar interlocutor, then uttering an exclamation little suited to the + solemnity of the scene, and very surprising to those around him—"Evil + be to the seventy-two! (a Roman oath), and is it really thee, Marzio?" + </p> + <p> + "Who else should it be, if not your lieutenant, capitano mio?" + </p> + <p> + The acquaintance of Gasparo had the type of the regular Italian brigand. + The old man, during the few months of his city life, had somewhat + re-polished his appearance; but Marzio, on the contrary, presented the + rude aspect of the Roman bandit pure and simple. Tall and squarely-built, + it was difficult to meet without a shudder the fierce look darted from + those densely black eyes. His hair, black and glossy as a raven, + contrasted with his beard, once as dark, now sprinkled with gray. His + costume, though somewhat cleaner, differed in other respects very little + from that rustic masquerade worn when he had filled the whole country with + terror. The famous doublet of dark velvet was not wanting, and if there + were not visible externally those indispensable brigand accessories, + pistols, dagger, or a two-edged knife, it was a sign that those articles + were carefully hidden within. Hats are worn in different fashions, even by + brigands, and Marzio wore his a little inclined towards the right side, + like a workman's. Leathern gaiters had been abandoned by Marzio, and he + wore his pantaloons, loose ones of blue, with ample pockets. + </p> + <p> + The occasion did not offer the two men much opportunity of conversation; + but it was evident that they met with mutual pleasure and sympathy. + </p> + <p> + In these times when Italian honor and glory are a mockery, the handful of + men called brigands, who have for seven years sustained themselves against + one large army, two other armies of carabiniers, a part of another army of + national guards, and an entire hostile population—that handful of + men, call them what you will, is at least brave. If you rulers, instead of + maintaining the disgraceful institution of the priest, had occupied + yourselves in securing the instruction of the people, these very brigands, + instead of becoming the instruments of priestly reaction, would at this + moment have been in our ranks, teaching us how one stout fellow can fight + twenty. + </p> + <p> + This, my kind word for the "honest" brigands, is not for the assassins, be + it understood. And one little piece of comment upon you who sit in high + places. When you assaulted the Roman walls—for religious purposes of + course—robbing and slaying the poor people who thought you came as + Mends, were you less brigands? No, you were worse than banditti—you + were traitors. + </p> + <p> + But you will tell me, "those were republicans and revolutionists, men who + trouble the world." And what were you but troublers of the world, and + false traitors? This difference exists between your majesties and the + bandit: he robs, but seldom kills, while you have not only robbed, but + stained your hands for plunder's sake in innocent blood! + </p> + <p> + Pardon, reader, that this digression has left you in the midst of a + funeral, and that the writer has too passionately diverged from his path + to glance at brigandage on the large as well as the small scale. + </p> + <p> + When the funeral party reached the cemetery, the remains of the dead were + lowered into a grave, over which no voice spoke a word of eulogy. With all + the will to effect good, the action of this young life had been cut short + by a premature and rash death. What could be said of the blossom of noble + qualities to which time was denied to bring forth their fruits? + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0061" id="link2HCH0061"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXI. THE NARRATIVE + </h2> + <p> + We will leave our friends occupied in consoling the afflicted Irene for + the loss of her brother, whom she had sincerely loved. + </p> + <p> + The last of a proud race! This thought would press upon the mind of the + fair lady, who, despite her willingness to form a plebeian alliance, still + valued, as we have seen, the high rank of her family. + </p> + <p> + Of the personal fortune which came to her through her brother's death she + had not thought, for she was of too generous a nature to mingle an idea of + interest with the life or death of a beloved object. The prince's family + property, besides, which was in the Roman territory, had been confiscated + by those worthy servants of God whose possessions are "not of this world." + </p> + <p> + It was not until the friends had returned from the funeral that Attilio + and Muzio had consulted with the General about imparting to his sister the + knowledge of the fatal catastrophe. The General, calling Orazio and his + wife into his room, then first informed them gently of the sad occurrence. + </p> + <p> + Gasparo, who, with the exception of Irene, grieved the most, found some + relief to his sorrow in the newly-acquired society of his former + lieutenant. He was also full of the desire to hear the adventures of the + man whom he had thought lost forever. The two <i>ci-devant</i> banditti + closely shut themselves up in Gasparo's room at the Victoria Hotel, at + first conversing eagerly in interrogations and answers, nearly all + monosyllabic, oratory not being the forte of brigands, who are more + accustomed to deeds than words. After a time, the lieutenant began the + following consecutive narrative:- + </p> + <p> + "After you had informed me, capitano mio, that you were tired of a forest + life, and felt disposed to return to a private one, I continued my usual + mode of existence, without ever deviating from the plan of action you had + enjoined, which was to despoil the rich and the powerful, and to relieve + the needy and wretched. Our companions, formed in your school, gave me + little cause to reprove them; but if one failed in duty, I punished him + without pity; and thus, by the grace of God, we lived for several years. + The charms of womankind were always the rock on which our hearts split; + and well you know it, capitano." + </p> + <p> + At these words, Gasparo began pointing to his snow-white mustache, + doubtless remembering more than one gallant adventure in his career of + peril. + </p> + <p> + The lieutenant continued: "You remember that Nanna, the girl that I + adored, and on whose account I was so much persecuted by her parents? + Don't for a moment suppose that that dear creature betrayed me; no, her + soul was pure as an angel's." And the bold bandit chief put his hand to + his eyes. + </p> + <p> + "She is dead, then!" exclaimed Gasparo. + </p> + <p> + "She is dead," repeated his companion; and a long silence followed. + </p> + <p> + Presently Marzio continued, "One day my Nanna, who was not well, had + remained to pass the day in Marcello's house, where lived that poor + Camilla, who had been violated and driven mad by the Cardinal ————. + As I had to accompany my men on an important affair, the dwelling was + attacked in the night, and my treasure carried off to Rome. + </p> + <p> + "I was maddened, but not a stone did I leave unturned till I had + discovered the place in which they had hidden Nanna. At last I learnt, + through friends in that city, that the poor child was in the convent of + St. Francis there, and that they had condemned her to serve the nuns, and + never to see the light again. + </p> + <p> + "My wife in the service of nuns, in the service of betrayed young women + and of old foxes! 'I will give you a servant!' I said to myself; 'and by + heaven, the devil shall have the convent and the wretches it holds.' + </p> + <p> + "The night following I entered Rome alone; it seemed to me a cowardly + action to have companions in an undertaking which concerned none but + myself. + </p> + <p> + "I bought a large bundle of dried branches in the Piazza Navona. I + deposited them in a tavern, and waited till it grew late. Towards eleven, + o'clock, just before the house closed, I took my burden and hurried off + towards 'St. Francis.' Who can prevent a poor wretch from carrying a + bundle of wood home? Besides, Rome has one good point, which is that at + night no one goes about for fear of the thieves, who are permitted, by the + liberality of the priestly government, to do just as they please, as long + as they do not interfere in politics. + </p> + <p> + "Having deposited my bundle at the gate of St. Francis, I pressed it + closely in, prepared a box of lights to strike, and gave a searching look + up and down the road. + </p> + <p> + "As will be easily understood, after the door was burnt, there would still + remain the gratings; which would leave me pulling a very long face, and + with little done. I was, therefore, obliged to make a noise, to attract + the attention of those within. I then crossed the little square, and hid + myself in a doorway, awaiting the appearance of some one, or at least a + patrol. I had not long to wait, for after a few minutes I heard the + measured tread of the patrol. Then, with that swiftness of foot which you + know me to possess—" + </p> + <p> + Here Gasparo put in: "I should think I did! I remember that lord bishop + who, having seen us at a distance on the road to Civita Vecchia, turned + his horses, and set them in a gallop towards Rome, when you, in about the + same time which I take to tell it, were already at the horses' heads, and + had stopped the carriage." + </p> + <p> + "And what a take that was, captain!" said the lieutenant. "How we did + enjoy ourselves! how prodigal we were with our money for some time + afterwards—I mean with the proceeds of the poverty of the descendant + of the Apostles." But let us return to our story. + </p> + <p> + "I flew to the bundle of wood, set it on fire, and returned to my + hiding-place. In a few minutes a great blaze lit the convent gate, and + soon afterwards we had a sight equal to that which the crater of a volcano + shows. And the police? The sorriest rabble everywhere, but in no place + have they reached such scoundrelism as in Rome. The police, naturally + cowards and slow of movement, instead of running to the spot to extinguish + the flames, began shouting and making a tremendous noise to arouse the + neighborhood. Near the fire they never went until a goodly number of + people appeared at the doors, and then hurried to the scene of action. + </p> + <p> + "'It is now my turn,' said I to myself, and I rushed into the <i>mêlée</i>. + The nuns should have been pleased with such a champion to deliver them, + surrounded as they were by a company of roughs. + </p> + <p> + "Matters could not, however, have progressed better. At the clamor from + without, the nuns were not slow to awake, and the gratings flew open. They + flew to the rescue themselves, with tubs, pails, basins of water—in + fact, with any utensil they could lay their hands on. After pretending to + assist in extinguishing the external flames, but with my eyes fixed on the + interior, seeing all parties well occupied, I sprang in to the assistance + of the nuns in their sanctuary. No sooner within, than I cast a searching + glance npon the crowd of females assembled, and to the oldest, who + appeared the Superior, I addressed myself. Grasping her arm, I exclaimed, + 'Come with me!' I found more resistance in the old lady than I expected. + At first she struggled, and would only walk by compulsion, collecting all + her strength to oppose me: then she began to scream, and I was obliged to + take her in my arms and to cover her face with a handkerchief. + </p> + <p> + "I was getting away from the crowd all the time, and arriving before the + door of a cell which I found open, I entered with my burden. There was a + light in the room, and the bed had been occupied. I laid the abbess npon + it, and locked the door. + </p> + <p> + "She was astonished but not alarmed. I never saw a demon with such + courage. 'Where is Nanna?' I began, in a way to startle her. No answer. + 'Where is Nanna?' I repeated in a louder tone still. No answer. 'I will + make you find your tongue, witch!' I cried; and drawing this bit of steel + from my belt, I made it glitter before her eyes. Still no answer." + </p> + <p> + "By the Virgin," said Gasparo, "these abbesses are all alike, real + demoniacs. At the defense of Rome in 1849, when it was needful to pass + through the convent of the Sacred Heart to occupy the walls, they kept me + waiting with my company at the gate for hours without opening it. When the + abbess received the Government order for us to pass, she tore it in + pieces. It was only when we began to knock down the doors with our axes + that she allowed us to enter." + </p> + <p> + "Such was this one," recommenced Marzio. "I was not in a humor to play; I + wanted Nanna, and a hundred lives such as the one before me would + certainly not have stopped me from carrying out my object. Seizing her + with one hand, clenching my dagger with the other, I was just touching her + throat—not with the point of my dagger, for fear it should slip, but + with a hairpin from her cap—I could easily see that the lady had no + intention to reach martyrdom, as she was already beginning with- + </p> + <p> + "'For God's sake—' + </p> + <p> + "'My Nanna,' I cried, 'or I will send you to keep Satan company.' + </p> + <p> + "'For God's sake let me go!' + </p> + <p> + "'I released her head. She breathed hard, and passed her hand over her + forehead. + </p> + <p> + "'You ask for a young girl of a good family, who came from Rome, and who + has been a fortnight in the convent?' + </p> + <p> + "'I believe her to be the one I seek,' I replied. + </p> + <p> + "'Then I will lead you to her, on the one condition that you will cause no + scandal in this sacred house.' + </p> + <p> + "'I desire nothing but to take my wife with me,' I answered. + </p> + <p> + "When somewhat recovered, she rose from the bed and said, 'Come with me.' + I followed her for some time, and arrived at a dark corridor. We descended + several staircases, and by the light of a taper which I had lit (I always + carried a taper with me), I discovered an iron-barred door. + </p> + <p> + "'Poor Nanna,' I thought; 'what crime has the child committed that she + should be thrown in this infernal den?' + </p> + <p> + "Having reached the bolted door, the abbess drew forth a key, and placed + it in the lock. She turned it, and motioned to me to pull the door towards + me, it being too heavy for her to move. I did what I was desired, without + for a moment losing sight of my guide, whose company was too interesting + for me to lose. On opening the door, I made the old lady enter first, and + then followed. No sooner was I within, than a young dishevelled woman + sprang on my neck, and clung to me desperately. + </p> + <p> + "'Oh, Marzio!' she exclaimed; and a flood of tears from my Nanna bathed my + face. + </p> + <p> + "I am too much of a brigand not to take my precautions in an emergency. + Though beyond myself with joy at the recovery of my darling, I + nevertheless did not cease to keep my eyes on the old wretch, who, without + a strict watch, would undoubtedly have escaped us. + </p> + <p> + "When the first moment of emotion had passed, clasping my treasure by the + hand, I closed the door, and asked if there was another in her cell. She + answered 'No.' The abbess, who had heard my question, said- + </p> + <p> + "'There is another door, and you had better leave by that, so as not to + meet the sisters, who are doubtless searching for me now.' + </p> + <p> + "Here a fresh incident arose. Another young girl came forward in haste, + and interrupted the discourse of the abbess. I had seen something moving + in the darkest corner of the prison cell, but pre-occupation and the + circumstances of the moment had prevented my thinking of it. All at once I + perceived a young girl somewhere about the age of my Nanna. She hastened + towards me, saying, with a voice of emotion:— + </p> + <p> + "'Surely you will not leave me alone in this prison. Oh, sir, I will + follow Nanna through life and to death itself!' + </p> + <p> + "'Yes, Marzio,' added Nanna, 'for heaven's sake don't let us leave my + unhappy friend in this wretched abode. She was destined by the abbess to + seem my companion, and to act as a spy; but instead of that she has been + an angel of comfort to me. She was charged to sound me, to gain + information about you, to learn all she could of your companions—in + fact, every particular, and then to report all to the abbess.' + </p> + <p> + "'So then things are carried on thus,' thought I, 'in these laboratories + of falsehood and 'hypocrisy.' + </p> + <p> + "'She was charged to watch me, threaten me, torment me, in fact, in case I + refused to divulge your hiding-places, your habitual rendezvous, your + projects; but instead of that, she told me every thing, consoled, + protected, reassured me, and said that she would rather die than injure + me, or cause me any trouble. + </p> + <p> + "'Besides, yesterday, she saved me from the insults and violence of an + infamous prelate, who introduced himself into this cell (no doubt by the + help of that old wretch), and who even offered me bribes if I would listen + to his wicked proposals. She saved me by rushing in and uttering loud + cries. + </p> + <p> + "'In vain did they promise her liberty if she would induce me to comply + with their wishes, but nothing have they ever been able to obtain. During + the day they compel us to do the vilest work of the cloister, and at night + they shut us up in this unclean den.' + </p> + <p> + "Tears again flowed on the lovely face of my dear one, while she uttered + these words, and I assure you, captain, that my hand instinctively touched + my dagger, with a wild wish to revenge Nanna's wrongs. + </p> + <p> + "I don't know how I restrained myself, for I was furious; I could have + annihilated the vile being before me, but it was well I did not, for + without her I should never again have seen the light of heaven. 'Where is + the second door you speak of? whither does it lead?' I demanded. + </p> + <p> + "'It leads outside the convent,' she replied; 'remove that iron bed which + stands in the corner, and I will show you.' + </p> + <p> + "I removed it, but saw nothing. + </p> + <p> + "'Try to stir the bricks where the mortar looks damp.' + </p> + <p> + "Taking hold of an iron bar from the bedstead, I began to move the bricks + indicated. Finally I discovered a ring in a piece of wood, which showed + the existence of a trap-door. I lifted the trap, and was surprised to find + a staircase below. 'I must arrange the order of march,' said I to myself, + 'and make the old witch the leader.' I then desired my young companions to + follow, and giving one taper with little ceremony to the abbess, said to + her, 'Forward!' + </p> + <p> + "'This then,' thought I, 'is the secret stair; and how many black deeds + have been committed in these labyrinths? Ah! poor deluded people, who + fancy you are sending your daughters to be educated in asylums of purity + when you place your children in convents!'" + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0062" id="link2HCH0062"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXII. THE NARRATIVE OF MARZIO CONTINUED. + </h2> + <p> + Marzio continued: "The old abbess walked in front, I followed, and the + young girls brought up the rear. We descended about fifty steps, and + entered a rather spacious passage, which soon led us into a large room. I + suppose it to have been large, for, with the help of the feeble taper, I + could scarcely distinguish the walls. We had gone about ten paces, when I + seemed to hear lamentations. I stopped, in order to listen better, but + when I recollected myself, and was moving on, looking forward to my guide, + behold I was in utter darkness. + </p> + <p> + "My God! I sprang forward with such a leap as a tiger might have taken, + when from its hiding-place in the forest it rushes on its prey. Darkness + was all I caught. In vain I turned round and round, my arms stretched as + far as they could extend, in the hope of meeting that woman-fiend. I + darted against the wall, and kept following it, at the risk of taking the + skin off my hands, but I found no door. + </p> + <p> + "At length, after feeling about for some time, and being almost reduced to + despair, I leaned heavily against the wall, and felt it give way with my + weight. + </p> + <p> + "Hope re-awoke; I rubbed my hands over that part of the wall, and found to + my surprise that it was wooden, which fact had escaped me in my previous + investigation. I pushed hard against the planks, and then felt something + move, as if a door on its hinges; at the same time a rush of offensive + pestilential air entered by the aperture. I turned my head away to escape + the putrid odor. The moans which I had before heard again smote my ear, + and calmed my agitation with wonder and pity. + </p> + <p> + "I thought of my companions, and remembered a few matches which I had in + my pocket, but which I had forgotten in my excitement. I struck one of + them, and looking at what I had supposed to be a door, found that it was a + turntable, and, Eureka! at the bottom lay my taper, which the old wretch + had dropped in her flight. + </p> + <p> + "When I had rekindled my taper, I found my companions near me, trembling + like leaves. + </p> + <p> + "'Courage!' said I, and threw myself into the adjoining apartment, they + following, in the hope of overtaking the abbess, who had doubtless escaped + this way. I hastened on, but, great God! what was my horror! against the + wall of the room through which I was flying, hung several human beings by + the neck, the waist, and the arms, all but one dead, and more or less + decomposed. The solitary survivor was a young man, once of a fine form, + but now an emaciated phantom. He was wildly gazing at me, with deep, dark, + open eyes, that seemed ready to burst from their sockets. He had ceased to + moan, conscious that I had discovered and was approaching him. Whatever + the danger of my own position, I could not leave that victim without + making some attempt to liberate him. I approached, and kissed him on the + forehead; I always feel drawn towards the suffering. Sorely the Almighty + inspires one with this sympathy, which is not imparted by the poisonous + breath of the priest!—Well, well, let them call me a brigand! + </p> + <p> + "Yes, I kissed the unhappy creature's forehead, dropping sweat, yet + burning like a coal. But what could I do for him? his chains were soldered + into the wall, and those walls were massive. I looked among the dead, to + see if I could find any iron implement with which to excavate the wall, or + to break the chains. Horrible! in every direction were instruments of + torture—bedsteads, stretchers, pincers, ropes, gridirons, etc., 'for + the mortification of the flesh,' as the priests say, but which fiends + alone could have invented, one would think, for the torment of mankind. + </p> + <p> + "Nanna and Maria—such was the name of Nanna's companion—had + also drawn near the unhappy youth, and endeavored, but in vain, to help + him to escape from his frightful position. Happily for us all, Nanna + startled me with the exclamation, 'Oh, a key!' and truly, being very + sharp-sighted, she had discovered a key in the loose mortar. + </p> + <p> + "Trying the key in the padlock of the chains, I found it fitted, and while + the rusty lock yielded to my hand, my heart dilated. I was at the last + chain, it fell, and I was freeing the youth's stiff limbs, when Nanna + clasped me by the arm, and timidly pointed to a light in the direction of + the wheel-door. + </p> + <p> + "I left my liberated companion, and in an instant stood at the entrance. + No sooner was I there than I perceived one of the already-mentioned + patrols, who was turning round the door, with his dark lantern in one + hand, his pistol in the other. Shrinking into as small a space as + possible, I stood back watching him. When his startled eyes were fixed on + my face, which did not look pleasant at that moment, I had already grasped + him by his right with my left hand, and my dagger was sheathed in his + body. He fell dead on the ground. You know, captain, that I am an enemy of + blood-shedding, and that I never have spilt any except in self-defense; + but in that instance there was no time for consideration. I knew there + were others following the first, and I was one alone. The youth I had + liberated showed signs of regaining power of exertion, and my brave female + companions had succeeded in separating two bars from a torture-bedstead, + and stood behind me, ready to help. The situation was altered, yet the + dead man, although I had dispatched him noiselessly, had not expired + without a cry. His companions, however, were frightened, and effected + their escape. By keeping in absolute silence we could hear their steps in + the distance. I repeat, there was no time to lose, or to hold councils of + war before deciding on our course. To leave by the way we had entered was + madness; still what other path remained? We all knew, however, that Roman + catacombs have many outlets—this instance was not an exception. + </p> + <p> + "A look at my new companion confirmed me in my opinion that he was not + useless to us, and without uttering a word, touching his heart with his + hand, he made me understand that I could rely on him to follow me through + all dangers. + </p> + <p> + "By this time daybreak must be at hand, and, doubtless, preparations were + making in the convent to secure our capture. The likeliest conjecture was, + that there were armed men placed at every outlet. + </p> + <p> + "The addition of the rescued man was very valuable to us all. He was not + only acquainted with the subterranean path, but at a short distance he + gathered up some torches, and distributed one to each of us. This was very + useful, because my taper was almost extinguished, and the lantern which I + had taken from the dead patrol, had not sufficient oil to last during the + underground journey which was about to commence. To the right of the spot + where the young man found the torches, he pointed out to me a light, and + said, 'That opening leads to the garden of the convent, and once passed, + we are out of danger of being intercepted. + </p> + <p> + "On we went, I really think for two hours, although we were in a + subterranean road, cut in the hard clay, of which you know, captain, our + Roman undersoil is largely composed: and how many of those catacombs have + we not visited together! + </p> + <p> + "Young and active, our two companions were always near us. I frequently + asked if they were tired, or if they required support. 'Oh, no; go on! We + will follow you, if it be to death,' answered both girls. + </p> + <p> + "'There is the light!' finally exclaimed Tito, for such was the name of + the youth, and truly before us appeared a bright point in the distance. + 'By that gate we shall enter the woods of Guido Castle, whence they + dragged me, to conduct me to a seminary in Rome, the focus of all + immorality and vileness. Accursed be the hypocrites!' + </p> + <p> + "Arrived at the end of the subterranean road, Tito began to clear away + some branches of lentils which obstructed the gate and went out, looking + first in all directions. 'Safe!' he at last exclaimed, 'safe, so far—our + persecutors have not arrived!' + </p> + <p> + "When I got out with my companions, I wondered how such a narrow and + almost imperceptible opening, when covered with branches, could be the + passage to such spacious catacombs. 'Guido Castle!' said I to Tito. 'Not + far from here must be the dwelling of the shepherd poet!' + </p> + <p> + "'Yes,' he replied, 'it is a few miles off, and I will lead you straight + to it; there we can find a little rest, and food to satisfy our hunger.' + </p> + <p> + "The sun of March was high above the horizon when we left the underground + gloom, yet the change was not very great, for in the beautiful forest in + which we found ourselves, the trees of centuries gave no admission to the + sunshine. The paths formed by the passage of animals were delightfully + shady, and we should have enjoyed our walk if we had suffered less from + fatigue and hunger. At last, on the edge of the wood, appeared to the + longing eyes of our wearied travellers the cottage sought for, and + fortunately we discovered our friend on the door-step. He seemed awaiting + some one. + </p> + <p> + "'Ah, Marzio!' exclaimed he, when we were near him, 'it was not you whom I + expected today,' and he shook hands like old friends. + </p> + <p> + "'I expected some of those Government ruffians, because it was rumored + that men of your band were about the neighborhood. And,' he added, in a + lower voice, drawing me aside, 'at a little distance from here is Emilio, + with ten companies.' + </p> + <p> + "'Instead of the hunters, you receive the game then, Lelio,' I said; 'but + a truce to talking, give us somewhat to eat and drink, for we are + famished.' + </p> + <p> + "'Come in; you will find all you want—ham, cream, cheese, bread, and + real Orvieto. Eat and drink, while I keep a look-out for the Papal hounds; + no questions now.' + </p> + <p> + "We ate the timely and abundant meal, and, our first cravings satisfied, I + asked Tito for the narrative of his adventures, which he gave in a few + words. + </p> + <p> + "'I am,' he began, 'the son of Roman parents. My father, steward of the + immense possessions of Cardinal M———, by the advice of + his Eminence, sent me to a Roman seminary at the age of fifteen, to + embrace the ecclesiastical career. For two years, contrary to my + inclination, I was compelled to continue that detested life. For at first + Father Petrucchio, the director of the seminary, showed me a good deal of + sympathy, much to the vexation of my companions, who did not fail to be + envious of my good fortune. The Father sometimes took me out with him to + walk. These promenades with Petrucchio, in themselves somewhat tedious, + appeared less so when I accompanied him to the convent of St. Francis, to + visit the nuns. There the lady abbess and the nuns, pleased, I suppose, + with my external appearance, used to compliment me and load me with + attentions. The abbess, all-powerful over the director, obtained, without + difficulty, that I should be employed in the religious service of the + convent as assistant to the old priest who officiated for the nuns. I was + not long in discovering that the abbess had conceived a passion for me, + and I became her too docile favorite. For several months things went on + thus. Under one pretense or the other, I was hardly ever seen in the + seminary. I had the support of the director, so I could do just what I + liked, and he was managed by the abbess, who, on that condition, left him + certain licenses in her convent. I myself, inclined to any thing but a + seminary, was from boyhood passionately fond of hunting, and any adventure + that required boldness; and thus, during my excursions in the neighborhood + of Guido Castle, I had become acquainted with the subterranean passage we + have just left, and frequently I have explored with torches its most + hidden recesses. Thus, indeed, I found a way of communicating with the + convent, and made use of it to introduce myself there at all hours, and by + no means always at the invitation of the abbess. The history of her + jealousy would be too long; cunning as I had been, she had not failed to + discover my partiality for certain younger sisters, and many a time I have + found her in such a towering rage as to make me tremble at her. The + enormities that I witnessed in that den of iniquity can not be recounted + now. Many lives in the bud, or just unfolded, were there cut short! Things + happened at which any pious soul would shudder, I, ashamed of myself, + resolved to leave that pestilential place, never to return to it again. + But I was doomed to pay the penalty of my complicity in so much + abomination, for that old witch, the promoter of all licentiousness, + appeared to have guessed my intention of flying, and did not give me time + to accomplish my resolve. She one day said to me, "Tito, go down to the + subterranean passage and bring me some torches; I have been asked for some + for a midnight procession." I had a presentiment of misfortune; but there + flashed across my mind the idea of taking advantage of the opportunity to + leave forever the den of impurity. No sooner had I reached the bottom of + the staircase than I felt myself overpowered by four strong men, and + dragged towards the charnel-house which you know, and from which I was so + miraculously saved by you. They were sworn agents, and therefore my + supplications, my grief, my promises were useless. I was as good as + counted among the victims of vice and infamy when you saved me, brave + man!' and Tito finished by kissing the hand of the bandit. + </p> + <p> + "Tito's story being ended, I felt a strong desire to hear something of + Nanna's experiences; but, comforted and refreshed as we were by a draught + of good Orvieto, and yet fatigued still by the extraordinary adventures we + had passed through, we were all growing heavy-eyed, and by mutual consent + we dropped asleep on our seats. I do not know how long we remained in that + sleeping position, but a sharp whistle resounding through the dwelling + made us start up. We were scarcely roused when the shepherd entered and + said, 'Do not fear! My son Vezio has placed a sentinel on the top of the + Petilia ruins, from whence whoever approaches can be distinguished. Those + who are coming are our own people from your band.'" + </p> + <p> + And Marzio, as though he had not been in the presence of his captain, but + in the Campagna, here stroked his jet-black mustaches, thinking of those + stout fellows. + </p> + <p> + "They were in fact our intrepid comrades," he went on, "the terror of the + wretched priests. I leave you to imagine, captain, what our joy was on + finding ourselves among those brave hearts. Many were the glad embraces + given me by those whom the vulgar think hardened in all cruelties, but who + are often in truth the manliest part of the people—those, namely, + who will not bear bad rule and injustice: that part of the people who, + could they receive something better than the education given by the + priests—that is to say, a moral, humanizing, and patriotic training—would + furnish heroes to Italy, and to the world the same examples of courage and + virtue which our fathers gave. + </p> + <p> + "Having thus so wonderfully saved my Nanna, and finding myself once more + among my comrades, I had every reason to be satisfied with my luck; yet I + must repeat your favorite saying, captain, 'Happiness on earth only exists + in the imagination!' Your words are true; I soon felt that they were so. + You remember that rascally priest at San Paolo, who seemed to have become + friendly to us, and on whom we lavished so much sympathy and kindness? + Well, the wretch was in love with my Nanna, and never did he forgive me + for having won her affection. + </p> + <p> + "Don Vantano, with the diabolic cunning which distinguishes his + fraternity, had succeeded in ingratiating himself with the family of + Nanna, and in poisoning their minds against me. Her four brothers—as + I learnt from her—helped by others, devised the plot, and, under the + guidance of the priest, succeeded in carrying off my darling from + Marcello's house. Such was the brief story of Nanna. Being obliged again + to absent myself with my men and my dear one being in a delicate + condition, I resolved to leave her in the charge of our host, with Maria + as a companion. They had become as sisters, their affection being + strengthened and cemented by the dangers and trials they had shared. + Still, being ever uneasy as to the fate of my beloved, and well aware of + the malice of her persecutor, I kept wandering about Lelio's neighborhood; + as the lioness who deposits her young while she goes in search of food, + always encircles the hiding-place of her treasure. I felt certain that it + would be very difficult for those who had at first carried off Nanna to + effect that object a second time. I was well assisted in guarding her by + Tito, who knew those parts thoroughly, and who attached himself to me with + much gratitude. + </p> + <p> + "Still, what height can not the wickedness of a priest reach! Vantano, + knowing how hazardous it would be for him to cany off his prey, determined + to destroy it! Being near her confinement, the unhappy child, alone with + the inexperienced Maria, followed the advice innocently given her by + Lelio, to call in a midwife from Guido Castle—a woman who till then + had borne a good character for honesty. But who can reckon on the honesty + of a woman where bribery and monkery reign! He who does not believe my + words, let him but pass a few months in the nest of those hypocrites, + sitting in the places that once held a Scipio and a Cincinnatus. + </p> + <p> + "How many crimes may not a weak woman be induced to commit when she is + assured that she is fulfilling God's will, and listening to God's word! + God's word!—sacrilege of which a priest alone would be guilty. At + every ceremonial the Catholic faithful go to receive God's oracles from + the lips of the bride of Christ, the Church. She is no pure bride, but a + secret harlot. By one of her ministers poison was administered to my + Nanna, and thus was I robbed of wife, child, and every earthly happiness. + </p> + <p> + "I was arrested, torn from her cold body, myself almost unconscious of + life. I learned afterwards that my seizure required, to accomplish it, a + number of the Papal mercenaries, and that our brave fellows fought + desperately in my defense till, overpowered by reinforcements, and nearly + all wounded, they retired in bold order. + </p> + <p> + "I was stupefied, and called again and again on death, but in vain; the + triumph of my captors was made complete, for I was alive and enchained. + From the galleys of Civita Vecchia I was, after several months, sent to + Rome, and subsequently liberated, after being compelled to take an oath to + obey and maintain the authority of the Pope—an oath to serve + faithfully an impostor and a despot, to swear to obey him, even if the + command were to murder one's father and mother. And I swore—I tell + you the whole truth—but I swore also, along with it, war on + themselves, and while this life lasts I am their enemy to the bitter end." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_PART3" id="link2H_PART3"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PART THE THIRD. + </h2> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0063" id="link2HCH0063"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXIII. THE CAIROLIS AND THEIR SEVENTY COMPANIONS. + </h2> + <p> + A people well-governed and contented do not rebel. Insurrections and + revolutions are the weapons of the oppressed and the slave. The inciting + causes of such are tyrannies. The apparent exceptions, originating from + different circumstances, are, when closely examined, found to be the + offspring of moral or material despotisms. + </p> + <p> + England, Switzerland, and the United States have experienced, and may + still experience, insurrections, although these countries are by no means + badly governed. Switzerland has had her Sonderbunds, and England her + Fenians. These latter are chiefly kept in vigor by the Romish priests, + through the moral tyranny exercised by them over the most ignorant of the + population in Ireland. The United States have witnessed, in these latter + years, a terrible revolution, caused by the material tyranny the rich + colonists of the South exercised over their slaves, which they, moreover, + desired to extend to the other States of the Union. + </p> + <p> + Moral or material tyranny is always the cause of revolution. And in Rome + who can deny that both moral and material tyranny is exercised? Yes, in + Rome exists the twofold revolting despotism of the priests who lay Italy + at the feet of the stranger; who sell her for their profit! Theirs is the + most depraved of all forms of tyranny. + </p> + <p> + Picture a dreary, dark, windy, damp night in October. The rain has ceased + to fall on the glistening and foaming surface of the Tiber. The banks of + the river are muddy and furrowed, for every ditch has become a torrent, + and scarcely a vestige of dry and solid ground is perceptible. In several + boats behold seventy men, armed with poniards and revolvers, and a few + miscellaneous muskets. Their habiliments were far too thin for that cold + rainy night. But the Seventy were warmed by the heat of heroism. Rome on + this night was to rise in rebellion. + </p> + <p> + Many of the bravest youths from every Italian province had contrived to + enter the city, and our old friends Attilio, Muzio, and Orazio, with their + companions, were at their posts, ready to head the Roman rising. In vain + did the priesthood endeavor to discover the conspirators, arresting right + and left all upon whom the slightest suspicion fell: their efforts were + vain, for Rome swarmed with brave men, ready to sacrifice themselves in + order to secure her liberation. + </p> + <p> + The Seventy, impelled by the current of the Tiber, were rapidly advancing + to the assistance of their brothers. Under cover of Mount St. Giuliano, + those valorous youths landed, at the hoar of midnight, on the 22d of + October, 1867. + </p> + <p> + Enrico Cairoli led his heroic companions. "We will rest," he said, "our + limbs in this Casino della Gloria, until we receive intelligence from our + allies in the city, so that our attack may be made on the enemy + simultaneously. Meanwhile," went on their leader, "I feel it my duty to + remind you that this enterprise is a dangerous one, and therefore the more + worthy of you. If, however, any of you are overdone, or feel at all + indisposed to the great task, and do not care to follow us, let them + return. We shall not think it a crime in him to do so; and all we say to + them is, 'Farewell, till we meet in Rome!'" + </p> + <p> + "In life and in death we will follow you," answered, as in one voice, + those intrepid youths, not one of whom turned back. + </p> + <p> + "The guide who was to conduct us to Rome is not to be found, and no one + has yet returned to give us any news," said Giovanni Cairoli, who had just + come back from an exploration, to his brother. + </p> + <p> + Dawn began to appear, and they were now in the wolfs mouth—that is, + near the advanced posts of the Papal troops, and in danger of being + attacked at any moment. + </p> + <p> + "What does it signify?" said Enrico Cairoli, in reply to his brother's + remark. "We came here to fight, and we will not return without having + accomplished that duty." + </p> + <p> + At mid-day a messenger arrived from Rome, and announced, "The movement on + the previous evening had remained an imperfect one, and the conspirators + were waiting for orders to direct them how to act." + </p> + <p> + The messenger was sent back to urge immediate internal agitation, and to + assure them of the readiness of the Seventy to co-operate. + </p> + <p> + No answer was returned. At five o'clock in the afternoon, the Seventy + being discovered, were attacked by two companies of the Papal troops. The + valorous Giovanni Cairoli, who, at the head of twenty-four men, formed the + vanguard, posted in a rustic house in the village, was attacked first; + and, notwithstanding the inferiority of his numbers, withstood the assault + of the enemy. His equally valiant brother Enrico, the commander, seeing + him in danger, overcome by force of numbers, charged to the rescue, and + drove back the mercenaries, who fled at the sight of these brave and + devoted boys. + </p> + <p> + Being reinforced by other companies, the mercenaries entrenched themselves + behind the heights of Mount St. Giuliano, from whence they kept up a + fearfully destructive fire with their superior arms. The Cairolis, with + their intrepid companions, crippled by the inferiority of their fire-arms, + many of which would not go off, resolved to charge them at the point of + the bayonet, and made one of those assaults that so often decide battles. + The mercenaries, completely daunted, left upon the field their wounded and + dead. The young soldiers of Liberty lost their heroic chief and friend, + and many of them were seriously 'wounded. Night came, and put an end to + that unequal but gallant strife. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0064" id="link2HCH0064"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXIV. CUCCHI AND HIS COMRADES + </h2> + <p> + And in Rome, what were Cucchi and his companions doing, and the Roman and + provincial patriots consecrated to freedom and death? Cucchi, of Bergamo, + was one of the most excellent men the revolution gave to Italy. Handsome, + young, and wealthy, he belonged to one of the first families in Lombardy. + Guerzoni, Bossi, Adamoli, and many others, despising the tortures of the + Inquisition, and all other dangers, directed the Roman insurrection, under + the command of that intrepid Bergamasco. + </p> + <p> + The unhappy Roman people received with obedience the directions of those + valiant youths, and asked to be supplied with arms. Arms in plenty had + been sent down to the Volunteers from all parts of Italy; but the + Government of Florence, expert in every form of cunning, took means to + stop them, so that there were very few weapons to be dispensed to the + Romans. + </p> + <p> + Add to this the treachery prepared for this unhappy people, viz., the + tacit promise that a few shots should be fired in the air, and that then + the Italian army from the frontier would fly to their assistance. By such + false pretenses and underhand proceedings at Florence, the people of Rome, + as well as their heroic friends, were deceived. Those shots were fired, + but no help came for Italy. + </p> + <p> + Poor Romans! they fought with rude weapons in the streets against an + immense number of well-armed soldiery, who were backed by armed priests, + monks, and police. They succeeded in mining and blowing up a Zouave + barrack, and with the knife alone fought desperately against the + new-fashioned carbines of the mercenaries. + </p> + <p> + In Trastevere, our old acquaintances, Attilio, Muzio, Orazio, Silvio, and + Gasparo, had re-united with all those remaining of the Three Hundred on + whom the police had not laid their hands. The people having thus found + capable leaders did their duty. Some of the old carbines that had done + execution in the Roman campaign now reappeared in the city in the hands of + Orazio and his companions, who made them serve as an efficacious auxiliary + to the Trasteverini's naked knife. + </p> + <p> + The city rose in its chains as best it could, and used an armory of + despair. Carbineers, Zouaves, dragoons on their patrol, were struck by + tiles, kitchen-utensils, and many other objects thrown from the windows by + the inhabitants, stabbed by the poniards of the Liberals, and wounded by + shots from blunderbuss and firelock. Thus assailed, the troops fled from + the Lungara towards St. Angelo's bridge, and passed it, though they were + checked by the Papalini. The bridge was guarded by a battery of artillery, + supported by an entire regiment of Zouaves. When the people, intermingled + with those whom they were pursuing, crowded on the bridge, the commander + of the clericali ordered his men to fire, and the six guns of the battery, + with the fire of the entire line of infantry, poured out over the bridge, + making wholesale slaughter of the people and the mercenaries. What did his + Holiness care about the scattered blood of his cut-throats and bought + agents? The money of Italy's betrayers was at his service to purchase + more. What was of the greatest importance was the destruction of many of + his Roman children. Many indeed were the rebels who paid with their lives + for their noble gallantly in venturing on that fatal bridge. Many, truly, + for in their enthusiasm the people attempted three consecutive times to + carry it, and three consecutive times they were repelled by the heavy + storms of bullets rained upon them, and the shots from the cannon of the + defenders of the priests. + </p> + <p> + It may well be supposed that, among those who were at the head of the + people during this assault of the bridge, our five heroes would be found + fighting like lions. After having consumed their ammunition, they had + broken their arms upon the skulls of the Papal soldiery, and provided + themselves with fresh ones by taking those of the killed. It was they who + continued the assault at the head of the people, whom they excited to + positive heroism. + </p> + <p> + It was, however, too hard a task. The first of the courageous leaders to + bite the dust was the senior one, the venerable prince of the forest, + Gasparo. He fell with the same stoicism which he had displayed during all + his existence—with a smile upon his lips, happy to give his fife for + ten thousand patriots, it is said, were arrested in some in this last + movement by the paternal Government, for his country's holy cause, and for + the cause of humanity. A bursting shell had struck him above the heart, + and his glorious death was instantaneous and without pain. + </p> + <p> + Silvio also fell by the side of Gasparo, both his thighs pierced with + musket-balls. Orazio had his left ear carried off by a ballet, while + another slightly grazed his right leg. Muzio would have been dispatched + also by a shot in the breast, had it not been for a strong English watch + (a present from the beautiful Julia), which was smashed to atoms, and so + saved his life, leaving the mark of a severe contusion. Attilio had his + hip grazed, as well as his left cheek, and received from a flying bullet a + notch on his skull, resembling in appearance the mark a rope wears on the + edge of a wall. + </p> + <p> + The butchery of the people was so great and the fallen were so numerous, + that after these three consecutive charges the brave insurrectionists were + obliged to retreat. Orazio carried Silvio on his back into the first house + near the bridge for safety, but when the soldiery returned, the wounded + were massacred and cut in pieces. Women, children, and many unarmed and + defenseless persons who fell into the hands of these worthy soldiers of + the priesthood shared a similar fate. + </p> + <p> + The good instincts of the working-class are proved in the solemn times of + revolution. In such times the noble-minded working-man saves and defends + his employer's goods, never robs him; but if he takes arms he spares the + lives of defenseless beings, and of those who surrender. He would shudder + to kill with the cynicism of the mercenary; he fights like a lion—he + who was so patient—one against ten! + </p> + <p> + In the Lungara there is a large woollen manufactory, which employs many + workmen. From that woollen factory many had joined the insurgents, the + elder ones remaining to guard the establishment. When these good old + artisans saw the people and their fellow-workmen thus followed by the + Papal bullies and the mercenaries, they threw open the doors and gave + shelter to the fugitives, or at any rate to some of them, and levelled + bars, axes, and every iron instrument that would serve as a weapon of + offense or defense against the hated foreigners and the gendarmerie. + </p> + <p> + There arose in consequence an indescribable tumult at the entrance to the + factory, where the advantage was, at first, to the honest people, and + where not a few of the Papal soldiers had their skulls smashed in, and + their blood let out by the blows received. At length the besiegers took up + their position in the opposite houses, and the besieged, having barricaded + themselves and collected a few more fire-arms, began afresh, with constant + change of fortune, a real battle. + </p> + <p> + Our three surviving friends had entered the factory, and fought there with + great determination. The workmen and insurgents, too, encouraged by their + chiefs, had also comported themselves valorously. But ammunition was + lacking, and detachments of mercenaries were advancing to the succor of + their comrades. Night, however, now favored the sons of liberty, who, + although without ammunition, still kept up the defense. + </p> + <p> + It was 7 p.m. when the fire of the insurgents ceased, and a division of + Papal troops commenced the assault. They began by attacking the large + front door of the factory, which the workmen had barricaded but not + closed. Orazio and Muzio, after further strengthening the entrance, armed + each man with an axe, and, picking out the youngest and boldest Romans, + stationed some of them to the right and some to the left of the door to + defend it. Thus prepared for a desperate resistance, determining to sell + their lives dearly, the assault was received. + </p> + <p> + Attilio had undertaken to defend the other entrance, and keep off the + second portion of the assailants. Having secured the back doors in the + best manner possible with his appliances, he placed a number of workmen at + the windows of the upper floor, from whence they were to cast npon the + assailants whatever missiles could be found. As soon as he had completed + these arrangements, he placed himself with his friends at the most + dangerous post, armed with the sabre of a gendarme whom he had slain + during the day. + </p> + <p> + The internal appearance of the factory presented at this moment a sad + picture. Many bodies of courageous citizens killed in its defense had been + carried to and deposited in an obscure corner of its extensive court-yard. + In other corners, lying here and there, were the wounded, and some were + also stretched in the rooms upon the ground-floor. But not a groan was + heard from these valorous sons of the people. + </p> + <p> + An immense table, with a candelabrum in the centre, occupied the middle of + an extensive saloon on the left side of the front entrance to the + building, and on that table could be seen heaps of bandages, slings, + cotton-wool, and linen of various kinds—the best which the house + could furnish for the use of the wounded. A large vessel of water was + under the table—perhaps the most useful relief of all to the wounded + sufferers, be it to moisten and cool their wounds by bathing, or to quench + the thirst which wounds generally occasion. + </p> + <p> + Three women of rare and noble beauty moved about in this improvised + hospital superintending the wounded, and we recognize in their gentle yet + bold mien our three heroines, Clelia, Julia, and Irene. + </p> + <p> + The poor abandoned Camilla, ignorant of the loss of her Silvio, and with + the traces of her past sorrows still lingering on her sweet face, + mechanically assisted the three merciful women in their kind attentions to + the sufferers. They had awaited their friends in the factory with these + preparations as soon as the battle on the bridge commenced, and they + received the wounded when the people, driven back, sought refuge in the + establishment, and entrenched themselves there. Other women of the people + were on the spot also, tending the suffering, and carrying them what + relief the circumstances permitted. + </p> + <p> + "Well, Prince of the Campagna," Attilio might be heard saying to Orazio, + "we have seen many strifes, but the one we are in to-night is likely to + prove the hardest of all. What consoles me is that our Romans seem to + remember the olden times. Look at them, not one turns pale—all are + ready to confront death in whatever form it may come." + </p> + <p> + "On the contrary," answered Orazio, "they laugh, joke, and are as merry as + if they were taking a walk to the Foro to empty a <i>foglietta</i>." + </p> + <p> + "We have still some wine. Let us give a draught of Orvieto all round to + these our brave comrades," exclaimed Attilio. + </p> + <p> + When all had refreshed themselves with a glass of that strengthening + cordial, a unanimous and solemn cry of "<i>Viva l'Italia!</i>" rolled + forth like thunder from that dense and resolute crowd of Home's desperate + defenders. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0065" id="link2HCH0065"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXV. THE MONTIGIANIS + </h2> + <p> + While the conflict in Trastevere was going on, the Montigianis, headed by + Cucchi, Guerzoni, Bossi, Adamoli, and other brave men did not remain with + their hands folded. The explosion of the mine under the Zouaves' barracks + was arranged as the signal for their movement. The mine exploded, and + those noble fellows moved with heroic resolution at the head of all the + youths that could be assembled. As many of the agents and mercenaries + frightened by the explosion as were met running away were disarmed by the + people, and killed if they offered resistance. The mine, however, had done + little damage, though it made a great uproar. Either the quantity of + powder was insufficient, or it was badly placed. + </p> + <p> + The clerical journals, or those of the Italian Government, which are much + the same, have stated that only the band of the Zouaves, composed of + Italian musicians, had been blown up, and that the foreigners, specially + recommended to the efficacious prayers of his Holiness, had been + miraculously saved. + </p> + <p> + The Italians, it is true, have not the good fortune to be the objects of + modern necromancy's prayers; but the facts are these: A very few + mercenaries were killed, and the others, having left the barracks and + arranged themselves in order, had opened a sharp fire against the people. + Cucchi, with his lieutenants Bossi and Adamoli, had marched to the + barracks, and at their command, and animated by their example, the Roman + youths had precipitated themselves furiously upon the foreign mercenaries. + It was a hand-to-hand struggle of persons who for the greater part were + unarmed, and who struggled against trained soldiers, from whom they + endeavored to tear away their weapons. But the mercenaries were many. Gold + and the help of Bonaparte had been potent. A great number of French + soldiers, under the name of Papal Zouaves, had crowded into Civita Vecchia + for a long time previous, in readiness to start for Rome. + </p> + <p> + The resources that the Jesuits and <i>reazionari</i> had sent to the Pope + from all parts of the world had also been immense. Added to this, a great + number of fanatics, priests, and monks,* disguised in the uniform of the + mercenaries, mingled with the Papal troops, exciting them to heroism and + to slaughter, promising them as a reward the glory of heaven, as well as + plenty of gold on earth, and all they could desire. Alas! poor Roman + people! But whom should we reckon under this denomination? When one has + excepted all the priestly portion, Pope, cardinals, bishops, priests, and + friars congregated there from all parts of the globe, with their women, + their servants, their cooks, their coachmen, etc., with the relations of + their domestics, the servants of their women, and, finally, a mass of the + working-classes dependent on this enormously rich rabble, what is left? + Those who remain, and are worthy of the name of "people," as not belonging + to the necromancers, are some honest middle-class families, a few boatmen, + and a few lazzaroni. + </p> + <p> + In the country, where ignorance is fostered by the priesthood, and has + struck still deeper root, the people side with the clergy throughout + Italy; but particularly in the Roman campagna, where all the landowners + are either priests, or powerful friends of the priesthood. + </p> + <p> + To return, however. While Cucchi, at the head of his men, and aided by his + brave companions, sustained a heroic but unequal combat outside the + Zouaves' barracks, Guerzoni and Castellazzi, leading a company of youths, + had assaulted the gate of San Paola, disarmed a few guards, and succeeded + in passing the court, inside of which was to be found a dépôt of arms. The + arms were there, truly, but guarded by a strong body of Papal troops and + police, with whom our valorous friends had to sustain another extremely + unequal combat; and, being finally dispersed, were hotly pursued by the + furious Papalini. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Some were discovered among Garibaldi's Zouave prisoners at + Monte Rotonda. +</pre> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0066" id="link2HCH0066"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXVI. THE OVERTHROW + </h2> + <p> + The heroic Cairolis and their companions had meanwhile paid, with their + blood, for their sublime patriotism and generous constancy to the Roman + insurgents. + </p> + <p> + The morn of the 24th of October was tearful, dark, and dreary, the + forerunner of fresh Italian misfortunes, and looked down upon the young + and noble countenance of Enrico, "the new Leonidas," upon his brother + Giovanni, lying in their blood, with many others belonging to that + dauntless brigade. The first died with a smile of scorn upon his lips for + that paid horde, who had massacred them, ten against one. Giovanni, all + but mortally wounded, was lying near the corpse of his beloved brother, + surrounded by other sufferers whose glorious names history will register. + </p> + <p> + Few were the survivors of the valorous Seventy, and those few left the + field of slaughter to unite themselves to their other brethren, who were + combating at the same time against the foreign hordes outside the walls of + Rome. Guerzoni's undertaking to seize the arms deposited outside the gate + of San Paola was conducted with the same intrepidity he had displayed in a + hundred combats, but failed, for the plain reason that the Roman youths + under his orders, being poorly armed, were compelled to give way before + the blows of the mercenaries, and fly. + </p> + <p> + He and Castellazzi, after many brave endeavors, were dragged off in the + scattering of the people, and were forced to conceal themselves whilst + they awaited an opportunity to strike for Rome. + </p> + <p> + Cucchi, Bossi, and Adamoli, at the head of their detachments, performed + deeds of great valor. They gained possession of a portion of the Zouaves' + barracks, with only their revolvers and knives as weapons. Fights between + the Papalists and the mob were frequent, and the latter, for want of other + arms, beat the former to pieces with their sticks. + </p> + <p> + But here, too, they had to give way before superiority of numbers, + discipline, and arms. Here, also, the first rays of daylight on the 24th + presented to the view of the horror-struck passerby a heap of corpses, + mingled with dying men. In this manner was the tottering throne of the + "Vicegerent of Heaven" consolidated—re-established by the butchery + of the unhappy Roman people, and this, too, performed for hire by the scum + of all nations, supported by the bayonets of Bonaparte's soldiers! + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0067" id="link2HCH0067"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXVII. THE FINAL CATASTROPHE + </h2> + <p> + But the details of the fight at the factory must be given. The assault was + imminent. "Ready, boys!" exclaimed in one voice Orazio, Attilio, and + Muzio; "Ready!" and the summons was scarcely pronounced when the Papalists + threw themselves upon the front door of the manufactory. In the interior + all the lights had been extinguished. On this account the Government + troops, though seen by our side, could not distinguish individually any of + the sons of liberty, and the first who attempted to scale the barricade + fell back, their skulls split open by the terrible axes of Orazio and + Muzio, or the sabre of Attilio, as well as by the different instruments of + defense used by their valorous companions. + </p> + <p> + Yet, although they repulsed the enemy, the besieged sustained an important + loss in that first assault. A shot from a revolver pierced the heart of + the gallant and intrepid Orazio, who, despising cover, had exposed his + person at the top of the barricade to the enemy, and fell as he clove one + of them with his axe. + </p> + <p> + The "Prince of the Campagna of Rome" fell like an oak of his own forest, + and his strong right hand grasped his weapon tightly even in death. + "Irene" was his last thought, and the last word that escaped from his + lips. Ah! but Irene's soul was pierced by that dying voice! for the three + women, although they took no part in the defense, remained at a short + distance only from those whose hearts beat in unison with their own. + </p> + <p> + Irene first reached him whose beloved voice had called her, and her two + companions soon followed. As Orazio's body remained upon the barricade + where he fell, the noble woman, heedless of her danger, had directly + scaled it, and her beautiful forehead was struck at that moment by a ball + from a musket; for the mercenaries, enraged at their bad success, were + firing at random through the open door. It may be imagined with what + feelings the two surviving friends and their beloved ones had those + precious bodies carried into the interior. The factory had indeed become a + charnel-house, it being useless for the chiefs to admonish their men to + keep under cover. + </p> + <p> + There are moments when death loses its horror, and when those who would + have fled before a single soldier take no heed of a shower of shots + falling in every direction. Such was the case now with those poor and + courageous working-men. Not counting the large number of troops by whom + they were surrounded, nor the multitude firing in the direction of the + door, they stood to their defenses without precaution, and allowed + themselves to be needlessly wounded. In this way the number of the + defenders became lessened, whilst that of the dying and killed was + momentarily augmented. + </p> + <p> + Attilio and Muzio saw at a glance how matters stood, and that there was + nothing for it but to confront the enemy till death. Yet Clelia and Julia! + why should they also die, so young, so beautiful! + </p> + <p> + "Go thou, Muzio," said Attilio, "and persuade them, while there is yet + time, to escape by the back entrance, and place themselves in safety. Tell + them that we will follow a little later." + </p> + <p> + In this last part of his speech the generous Roman prevaricated. He had + already tasted all the glories of martyrdom, and would not have + relinquished it even for Clelia's love. + </p> + <p> + But at this juncture who is it that has arrived as by a miracle, climbing + like a squirrel in at a window, and appearing in the midst of that great + desolation in these last sad moments? It is no other than Jack, our brave + sailor Jack, saved from shipwreck by Orazio, to whom he had ever since + been much attached! He found himself in Rome during the terrible + occurrences which we have related, and at the first occupation of the + factory was sent to ascertain the result of the insurrection in various + parts of Rome. Jack returned with sad news. He, with his English + resolution, and with the agility that characterized him, had assisted at + nearly all the fights, and shared in the bad result's. + </p> + <p> + Attilio and Muzio were now fully aware of the fate that was reserved for + them, and they also learned that it was impossible for the women to escape + by the back premises of the factory. To accomplish this they would have + needed the nimbleness and agility of the young sailor. Muzio, therefore, + replied thus to his friend's injunctions: + </p> + <p> + "I will tell the ladies what you say; but I believe first, that it is + impossible for them to leave; and, secondly, that they would not leave us + if they could." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0068" id="link2HCH0068"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER LXVIII. THE SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGE. + </h2> + <p> + Amongst the surviving workmen who were defending the large front entrance + to the manufactory was an old gray-headed man, who listened intently to + the above conversation of the two chiefs. When Muzio uttered the last + words, he exclaimed, "<i>Coraggio, signors!</i> If you wish to retire from + this place, and to save the women, I know of a passage that will lead us + out of danger." + </p> + <p> + A ray of hope broke upon the minds of the two friends when they heard + there was a way of saving their beloved ones, and they immediately + proceeded to avail themselves of it, for there was no time to be lost, as + the enemy was preparing for a fresh attack. + </p> + <p> + Muzio approached Julia and Clelia, who were not far off, and obtained a + promise, on the condition that he and Attilio would soon follow them, that + they would take refuge under the escort of old Dentato and Jack in the + subterranean passage. The other women would follow after them, and lastly + our friends with all the remaining defenders of the factory. + </p> + <p> + And the wounded? Ah! if there be a circumstance that is harrowing and + terrible in those butcheries of men called "battles," it is certainly that + of abandoning one's own wounded to the enemy! + </p> + <p> + <i>Povyri!</i> In one moment the faces of your friends—of your + brothers, who bewailed your hurt, who tended you with such gentleness, + will disappear, to be succeeded by the revolting, horrible, and triumphant + faces of the mercenaries. At the best they will be brutal; at the worst, + they, infringing every right of war and of people, will steep their base + bayonets in your precious blood! Cowards! who fled before you, and to whom + you so often generously conceded their lives. + </p> + <p> + Supported by the 20,000 soldiers of the 2d of December, they have regained + once more their spirits, and have forgotten that they owe their ignoble + existences to you. + </p> + <p> + In St. Antonio (America), Italians fought against the soldiers of + despotism, and many, very many were wounded. There, carried on their + brothers' backs, or transported on horses, the wounded were removed. Not + one was left* alive to be at the mercy of Rosa's cannibals. + </p> + <p> + And are the hirelings of the priests less cruel? At the station at Monte + Rotondo, after the glorious assault of the 25th of October, three wounded + men were lying awaiting the convoy that was to convey them to Terni, when + the Pope's soldiers arrived. Worthy followers of the Inquisitors, they + amused themselves with murdering our unhappy companions by stabbing them + with their bayonets, and giving them blows with the butt-end of their + guns.** + </p> + <p> + Oh, Italians, leave not in your enemy's power your wounded! It is too + heart-rending a spectacle. If they be not murdered, they will remain at + least to be mocked and jested at by those who are accustomed to outrage + Italy. + </p> + <p> + Attilio and Muzio, though tired and wounded themselves, would not abandon + their helpless comrades to the insults and the steel of the priests' + soldiers. + </p> + <p> + In the lowest part of the factory, at the extremity of an immense room + used for washing the wool, was a massive oak door, which appeared at first + sight to lead to a channel of water which discharged itself into the + Tiber. The canal really existed, but the door we have referred to did not + lead to it, but to a subterranean passage, gained by a bridge built across + this same canal. Into this underground vault a procession of the devoted + women, the wounded, and the workmen, began to defile. + </p> + <p> + But in the priestly city, where education consists in being taught to play + the hypocrite and to lie, traitors abound. And a traitor threw from one of + the upper windows of the factory a written paper, whilst these brave + people were retiring, informing the soldiery of the retreat of the + defenders. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * It is painful to state it, but one man, hopelessly + wounded, was killed so that he should not be in the enemy's + power, who usually cut the throats of those they found alive + on the field, + + ** An historical fact. +</pre> + <p> + The attack was no longer deferred, and an ever-increasing crowd of + mercenaries and police threw themselves upon the barricade at the door, + and rushed in. Only a few defenders remained. Had Attilio and Muzio been + more careful of themselves, and taken to flight, they might perhaps have + saved their lives. But too lavish of their blood were this pair of noble + Romans. They did not fly; they remained to fight desperately for some time + against that in-pouring stream of slaves. + </p> + <p> + Many were the assailants cut down upon the heap of dying and of dead. But + heroes, like cowards, have only one life. The assailants were too + numerous, and side by side the valorous champions of Roman liberty fell + together, and exhaled their last breath. + </p> + <p> + Dentato, who had assisted in this last struggle, seeing that all hope of a + successful resistance was over, favored by the darkness, and his + acquaintance with the establishment, gained the washing-house, and thence + the subterranean passage, closing the oak door from the outside upon that + scene of blood, and barring it as well as he was able. + </p> + <p> + The hired assassins of the priesthood having no other motives than rapine + and slaughter, inundated the factory with the hope of securing plunder and + wreaking revenge. They never thought of the oaken back-door by which the + surviving defenders of Italian liberty had escaped, until too late. Having + discovered by-and-by that the building contained only corpses, they were + reminded of the subterranean passage. They searched, inquired, and at + length discovered the door leading to it. Some time elapsed before they + succeeded in forcing open the obstacles which barred it, as well as in + organizing an entry into the darkness, and all this gave the fugitives + sufficient opportunity of placing themselves in safety. + </p> + <p> + In the first week of November, 1867, three females, an old man, and a lad + in the bloom of youth, descended at the Leghorn station. At the head of + this party stood one of those daughters of England, from whose pure and + lofty countenance, sad though she was, and dressed in mourning, the heart + derived new ideas of the dignity and happiness of life. Her lady companion + was not less beautiful nor less sad, and displayed in the lovely + lineaments of her face a different but exquisite feminine delicacy of the + Southern type, such as Raphael portrayed in his Fornarina. The third woman + was also comely; but sorrow had furrowed her forehead deeply, and a look + of vacancy had settled upon her melancholy features. The old man, Dentato, + whom Julia would not leave to misery and want, was occupying himself about + the luggage. + </p> + <p> + Jack, with the vivacity of sixteen years, offered his arm to the ladies, + to assist them as they alighted from the railway carriage. He quickly + discovered Captain Thompson and his wife, the Signora Aurelia, who were + awaiting them, and saluted the latter, who had a high regard for our + sailor-lad. Jack alone was able to relate what had passed. + </p> + <p> + "Oh!" he said, "I have kissed their corpses," and a tear rolled down his + cheek, cheek of Britannia's fair son. He spoke of the dead bodies of + Orazio and Irene, who loved him so much, and who had been his preservers. + They had been removed for burial along with the other sad relics of our + noble friends. + </p> + <p> + The women embraced, weeping on each other's bosoms, but unable to + articulate a word. After assisting at this mute scene for some time, and + showing himself also much affected, Captain Thompson raised his head, and, + approaching his mistress, addressed her, cap in hand, saying- + </p> + <p> + "Madam, the yacht is anchored off the pier, awaiting your orders; do you + desire to go on board?" + </p> + <p> + "Yes, Thompson," she replied, "let us go on board, and set sail + immediately, so as to get out of Italy; it has become the grave of all its + best and most beautiful." + </p> + <p> + Julia sailed for merry England, and took kind care of her adopted family, + to whom were added, after a time, Manlio and Silvia. Until they joined her + in England, they had remained on the island of the Recluse. + </p> + <p> + Julia vowed she would not return to that unhappy country until Rome, freed + from priestly despotism, would permit her to raise a worthy national + monument to her heart's beloved, and to his heroic companions. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_APPE" id="link2H_APPE"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + APPENDIX. + </h2> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0075" id="link2H_4_0075"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + I. THE FAMILY OF GENERAL GARIBALDI. + </h2> + <p> + THE family of General Garibaldi was formerly one of the wealthiest in + Nice, and was connected with the following curious annual ceremony. In + remote times the Saracen soldiery in the service of Turkey invaded Nice. + They were already in the town, when a woman rushed from her house and + killed the standard-bearer, seized the standard, and rallied the Nizards, + who in the end were victorious. In remembrance of this event, La Place + Napoleon, called before the French occupation La Place de la Victoire, + was, until the year 1860, the annual scene of a very curious custom. A + representative of the woman was placed on one side of the square, while + fireworks were let off from the church opposite, one particular firework + being aimed so as to reach the hand of the woman. The grandfather of + General Garibaldi received from the town of Nice the privilege of being + the person to let off this particular firework, and the father and eldest + brother of the General succeeded to this privilege, which was declared to + be hereditary in their family. + </p> + <p> + He was born at Nice on the 22d of July, 1807. His father, Dominique + Garibaldi, was born at Chiavari, about seventy miles from Genoa. His + mother was a lady named Rosa Raginndo. He had three brothers, the last of + whom died the day of the battle of Biccia, 1866. The General was destined + from his birth for the priesthood, and from the age of three years had a + private tutor named Father Giovanni, who resided in the house. According + to his own account he did not make any very great progress under this + gentleman, and he has conceived the idea that it is better for a tutor to + come in for a few hours a day, or for a child to go to school, returning + home in the evening, as in this manner the benefit of home influence + remains, and the benefit of the mothers love (of which he speaks so much) + would be secured, and undue familiarity and result of constant intercourse + be avoided. From the instructions of M. Arena—whose classes he + attended for some hours in the day—he derived great benefit; and + whatever fault he may find with his early instruction, the result is that + he speaks Italian, the Nizard and Genoese dialects, the Sicilian and + Neapolitan dialects, the Milanese and Turinese—all of them differing + from the pure Italian, and from each other, as much as Welsh does from + English. He speaks and writes Latin, ancient and modern Greek, French, + Spanish, English, and Portuguese, and can decipher newspapers published in + the various dialects on the banks of the Danube. He is a good + mathematician, and possesses a knowledge of both ancient and modern + history, whilst his knowledge of music is considerable. + </p> + <p> + There have been many "autobiographies" written of the General with which + he has very little acquaintance. Many of the stories related of him are + not, however, without foundation. It is true that when he was about eight + years old, whilst playing on the banks of the Var, he saw an old + washerwoman fall into the river, and instantly threw himself into the + water, and from his skill in swimming, which he had acquired in infancy, + he was enabled to save her life. + </p> + <p> + At the time of the birth of the General, Nice belonged, as now, to France, + and during his childhood the Nizard language was spoken by the servants, + and the Genoese by the family. In society and in public French only was + spoken. It was the same in the schools, and the General received his + education entirely in French; and it was solely in compliance with the + entreaties of his elder brother Angelo that he requested M. Arena to teach + him Italian; and it is to the instructions of that gentleman that he owes + his present facility in both speaking and writing it. The parents of the + General were both strict Roman Catholics, and being, as we have before + stated, intended for the priesthood, he was educated in every ordinance of + the Church of Rome. It was probably the over-severity of this education + which gave him his detestation of the priestly career; at any rate, it is + certain that he in the most positive terms refused to enter it, and even + attempted to run away to Genoa to avoid it. The profession of the law was + afterwards proposed, but with ultimately no better success; and finally + his parents yielded to his entreaties, and permitted him to go to sea, + which he did in a brigantine called "La Costanza," the captain being + Angelo Pesanti. + </p> + <p> + The first notice we have in the page of history of the name "Garibaldi" + occurs in the annals of the eighth century. According to one of the + historians of that time, among the chiefs of Alaric's horde a Garibaldi + commanded a "squadra." From this we may infer that the family originally + came from the plains of Hungary. The next notice we have of the name + occurs in the history of the city of Turin, in the reign of Auberto I. + Garibaldi, Duke of Turin, was the chief counsellor of this king. Being a + bad, unprincipled, and ambitious man, he conspired against his sovereign, + caused his assassination, and seized the regal power. However, the + semi-independent princes of Piedmont deposed him, and caused him to be put + to death. The next trace we find of this family is among the records of + the republic of Genoa. Johannes Garibaldi commanded a fleet of galleys in + the wars between the Genoese and Pisans, and greatly distinguished himself + in an engagement off the coast of Tuscany. The family after this + flourished in Genoa, always taking the popular part, till at last they + became so powerful that they were enrolled among the nobility of the + republic, and their name is found in the Golden Book. As evidence of their + importance, we still find in Genoa the Piazza, Palazzo, and Strado dei + Garibaldi. The descendants of the elder branch are represented now by the + March ese Garibaldi, member of the Sub-Alpine Parliament. The younger + branch transferred itself (time uncertain) to the vicinity of Chiavari, + where they formed a colony by themselves in one of the valleys of the + mountains of the Ri-vieri, where still may be found the Village dei + Garibaldi, and remains of the stronghold which they occupied in those + times. An old inscription is still seen on the tower, commemorating its + building by one of the earlier Garibaldis. Three generations ago one of + the cadets settled in Nice, and his lineal descendant is the present + General Garibaldi. + </p> + <p> + Sir Bernard Burke applied to General Garibaldi, through Mr. Chambers, for + information respecting his family, with the view of placing it in his + work, "The Vicissitudes of Families." "What matter is it," answered the + General, "whence I came? Say to Sir Bernard Burke that I represent the + people; they are my family." + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0076" id="link2H_4_0076"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + II. THE CAMPAIGN OF MENTANA + </h2> + <h3> + By Ricciotti Garibaldi. + </h3> + <p> + Arriving in Florence, I found the committee in a state of confusion on + account of so many volunteers coming forward to be enrolled. We had + neither arms nor money, and were, therefore, obliged to limit enlistment. + I remained three days in Florence, and then went to Terni, and found the + place full of volunteers—in all nearly 2000 men. We received + information that the fortress occupied by Menotti was to be attacked. I + left to join him, and, the men being unarmed, went alone. + </p> + <p> + He had 1500 men. On the morning of the third day he left N——— + with a few men, and went to Monte Calvario, leaving me in command of the + fort and of the band, which had been reinforced by nearly 1000 men. About + eleven at night, on the same day, my outposts were driven in by the Papal + troops. Many of our volunteers not having so much as one cartridge per + man, I was obliged to abandon the fortress, and take up position to the + left, at a distance of two miles, as it was impossible to hold the post + against the Papal artillery. Menotti having rejoined us, we started, at + one on the following morning, for Porcile, as the enemy were trying to cut + us off from the Italian frontier. After twelve hours' march we arrived at + Porcile. We rested there for the remainder of the day and night, when the + alarm was given of the approach of the enemy. Being in an unfit state to + receive them, with few arms and no ammunition, my brother determined to + recross the frontier. After ten hours' march, we arrived at the convent of + Santa Maria, where we set to work to re-form our command. + </p> + <p> + Whilst there news came that the General was at Terni, whence he sent + orders for us to prepare to march on Passo Corese, he joining us on the + road. This is a pass leading to the valley of the Tiber. After waiting + several days to reform the bands, the General gave the signal to march. We + divided into two columns, and took the road to Monte Rotondo, a strong + position occupied by the Papal troops. One column marched along the banks + of the Tiber, and the other by the road in the hills. At morning both + columns arrived in sight of Monte Rotondo, and at once proceeded to the + assault. Colonel Frygisi attacked the east gateway with two battalions, + whilst Masto attacked the west gateway also with two battalions; but he + being wounded at the first assault, the command of the party devolved upon + me. After charging twice up to the gateway, which, for want of artillery, + we could not take, we were in turn attacked by the enemy, and forced to + seek refuge in a group of houses. We were thus cut off from the rest of + our corps for the whole day, daring which time we lost out of 300,107 men + and five officers. In the evening we managed to communicate with the + General; erected barricades in the inner street, and fought all day. We + were thirty-six hours without food. The place was too important to be + left, or we might have cut our way out. The General sent a battalion as a + reinforcement, and by a desperate charge we got to the gate, piled there a + cartload of fascines and a quantity of sulphur, which, being set on fire, + burnt it down in about an hour and a half. At half-past twelve at night—the + General having come down and taken personal command—we charged + through the burning gate, and took possession of the entrance and + adjoining houses. The fighting went on until about eight in the morning, + they defending themselves step by step till we had driven them into the + palace of the Prince of Piombino, a large castellated building, very + strong. We first took the court-yard, in which we found their cannon, they + defending story after story of the building until driven to the third + floor, when, seeing the smoke of a fire which had been lighted on the + ground-floor to bam them out, they surrendered, and the fight was over. + </p> + <p> + In the night the greater number of the men escaped towards Rome; only 300 + in the palace were taken prisoners, besides forty-two horses and two + pieces of cannon, 500 stand of arms, and all their materials of war. The + fight had lasted twenty-four hours—from eight one day to eight the + next—without a single instant's cessation of firing. It cost us + between 400 and 500 men, amongst whom were some of our bravest and best + officers. This was the first real struggle under the General. + </p> + <p> + We had one day's rest; but on the following night the enemy returned, and + attacked the railway station at about a mile distant from Monte Rotondo, + where, finding a number of our wounded, they bayoneted them in their beds, + one man having twenty-seven wounds in his body. The General at once sent + heavy reinforcements, and the enemy was driven back. Three days after this + we marched to the Zecchenella, a large farmhouse about a mile distant from + the Ponte de la Mentana, within about four miles and a half from Rome. On + our approach the enemy re-crossed the bridge, blowing up one of the two + bridges and mining the other. The Papal troops came again on our side of + the Teverone—a river which joins the Tiber a few miles from Rome. + They extended themselves as sharpshooters all along our line, amusing + themselves by firing at us until the evening, we scarcely returning a + shot, the General having ordered us not to do so—our aim, since we + were so few, being to draw the enemy into the open country. In the night + we lighted large fires, to let the people in Rome know that we were near; + but the movement which we expected in the city did not take place, and we + returned to Monte Rotondo the next day. + </p> + <p> + After staying there for several days, the General resolved to march to + Tivoli, which was held by a strong body of our volunteers. The column, + consisting of 4700 infantry, two field guns and two smaller guns, and one + squadron of cavalry, commenced its march at eleven o'clock. When we had + gone a mile beyond Mentana the vanguard was suddenly attacked, and we had + to fall back on Mentana, so as to form our battalions in line of battle. + Recovered from our first surprise, the General ordered all the troops to + advance, and we retook the positions we had lost, when, just as the Papal + troops were retreating on the road to Rome, the French regiments, which + till now had remained hidden behind the hills, out-flanked us on the left. + After some very heavy fighting, especially in the position of the + haystacks in the centre, which were taken, lost, and retaken, four or five + times, the General, seeing the uselessness of contending against such an + overwhelming force, gave the order to retreat. We retreated from the field + of battle, passing under the fire of the Chassepôts, leaving between 400 + and 500 men on the field, and about the same number of prisoners in their + hands, and one piece of cannon. Two battalions, numbering altogether over + 400 men, shut themselves up in the old fort of Munturra, where, having + exhausted all their ammunition, they surrendered in the morning. When the + main body had returned to Monte Rotondo, the General gave orders that + every thing should be ready to re-attack in the night; but on examining + the state of our army, we found that scarcely a cartridge remained, and + not a single round of ammunition for the cannon. Learning this, the + General gave the order to retreat to Passo Corese, where we arrived about + one in the morning, being again on Italian soil. We then proceeded to the + disbandment of our troops. + </p> + <p> + At Mentana, where we had retaken all our positions, and where we thought + the day was ours, we saw red-trowsered soldiers out-flanking us on the + left, and we took them for the legion of Antibes, but the rapid roll of + their firing opened our eyes to the fact that we were face to face with + the French, armed with their new weapon, the deadly Chassepot, and from + that moment we fought merely to save the honor of the day. There was no + hope of winning the battle, though if the ammunition of our guns and + rifles had not failed, and the General could have attacked again in the + night, as he intended to do, I have no doubt but that we should have + driven back the Franco-Papal army, for they did not dare to take + possession of the positions which we held during the battle, and of the + one gun which we left there, till late next day. Had they dared it, being + so numerically superior, they could have cut us off and made us all + prisoners, as their left wing almost touched the road running from Monte + Rotondo to Passo Corese. + </p> + <p> + Some idea may be formed of the state and appearance of the volunteer army + by the fact that it had no proper arms; the muskets were many of them as + old as the first Napoleon. + </p> + <p> + When Menotti resolved to recross the frontier, he issued an order of the + day in which he said, "I can not march, having no shoes; I can not stand + still, because I have nothing to cover my men; and I can not fight, + because I have no ammunition." + </p> + <p> + When we started for Monte Rotondo the men had been so long without eating, + that in passing along the line with my guides, I actually saw the infantry + battalions making themselves soup out of the grass of the field, having + nothing else to put into their caldrons. + </p> + <p> + At the battle of Montana we had 4700 men all told; opposed to us were 8000 + Papal troops and 3000 French. Battle began at half past eleven in the + morning; lasted until half past five in the evening; the weather fine. The + 300 who surrendered were allowed to recross the frontier. The General was + taken prisoner by the Italian Government. + </p> + <p> + At Mentana the Papal troops thought they had taken me. They took a man + like me to Rome, and put him in handsome apartments until the mistake was + discovered. When they thought they had me, the Papal officers ordered the + prisoner to be shot at once, but the French officers saved him. + </p> + <p> + In a work entitled "Rome and Mentana," surprise has been expressed that + General Garibaldi did not enter Rome after the victory of Monte Rotondo, + and before the entry of the French. To that we reply:—We could not, + for the Papalini held the Mentana bridge, the only one not blown up near + Rome, and we should have been obliged to go round by Tivoli and down the + other side of the Teverone, two days' march. We tried to take the Mentana + bridge, but on nearing it we found it strongly fortified and mined, so + that after lying at the Zecchenella (three-quarters of a mile from the + bridge) for a day and two nights, we retired to Monte Rotondo. + </p> + <p> + The same work states: + </p> + <p> + "The two plateaux on which we had been walking had been held by the + Garibaldini, taken by the Pontificals, and retaken by the Garabaldini, at + which period the French advanced, when, finding it hopeless, the + Garibaldini retreated into Mentana." + </p> + <p> + This is true; the Papalini were retreating along the road when the French + out-flanked our left, and threatened our line of retreat. The retreat + commenced at nine o'clock in the evening of the battle, as we expected the + Papalini to attack and surround Monte Rotondo. If we had stopped they + would have made us all prisoners, as our ammunition failed. + </p> + <p> + We entered Monte Rotondo by the gate coming from Passo Corese; the Tivoli + gate was stormed also by Frygisi, but not taken till we opened the gate + for him from inside. The attack lasted from 8 a.m. till 7 a.m. next day. + We set fire to the gate about 12 o'clock at night, and lost about 250 men, + dead and wounded. The church of Monte Rotondo suffered a good deal. The + same author writes:- + </p> + <p> + "It was a large and handsome one, with carved oak seats in the choir, and + presented a sad scene of devastation. The holy water stoops had been + dashed to pieces, the font destroyed, the side chapel, in which the Host + was reserved, had its altar all broken by bayonets. The Host had been + carried on the point of one, and borne in mock procession, attended, + amongst others, by a man holding the sacristan's large three-cornered hat + stuck round with candles." + </p> + <p> + It is true our people were so hungry that they ate the holy wafers. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0077" id="link2H_4_0077"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + III. GARIBALDI AND THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT + </h2> + <p> + Italy, as she exists, is a sad country. Where is there to be found a + country more favored by nature, with a lovelier sky, a climate more + salubrious, productions more varied and excellent, a population more + lively or intelligent? Her soldiers, if well-directed, would undoubtedly + equal any of the first soldiers in the world; her sailors are second to + none. And yet all these advantages, all these favors of Nature, are + neutralized by the connivance and co-operation of priests with an + extremely bad government. + </p> + <p> + One finds misery, ignorance, weakness, servility to the stranger, where + one should see abundance, knowledge, strength, and haughtiness towards + intruders. + </p> + <p> + An unpopular government, which, instead of organizing a national army that + might be placed at the head of the first armies of the world, contents + itself with accumulating many carbineers, policemen, and custom-house + officers, and spending, or rather squandering the money of the nation in + immoral "secret expenses." A navy that might compete with the most + flourishing, is reduced to a pitiable condition, from its being placed + under the direction of incompetent and dishonest persons. Both army and + navy, according to their own officers, are not in a condition to make war, + but only serve to repress any national aspirations, and to support the + spiritless policy of the Government. + </p> + <p> + Two abominable acts of treachery have been perpetrated by the Italian + Government. + </p> + <p> + The first act of treachery was ushered in by the arrest of General + Garibaldi at Asinalunga. + </p> + <p> + Eighteen years had passed away since the Roman people sent to the Quirinal + their elected representatives, who, on the 9th of February, declared with + solemn legality that the temporal power of the Pope was abolished. The + patriots in public assembly, in the light of day, and from the height of + the Quirinal, unfurled the beautiful, the holy, and beloved banner of the + tricolor of Italy. Who quenched this patriotic fire? + </p> + <p> + Bonaparte in secret alliance with the fugitives of Gaeta. While the balls + of the French canon fell on the citizens posted at the barricades, the + representatives of the people replied to these cruel shots by again + proclaiming the statute of the Republic, and confiding the future + liberties of Rome to the charge of Garibaldi. + </p> + <p> + On September 16th, 1864, was concluded the pernicious convention of + September, which the Moderates declared would open the gates of Rome. Its + first result was that Turin saw its streets reddened with blood. Why were + the arms of their brothers turned upon the people who deserved so well of + Italy? Did they wish to overthrow the dynasty? Did they wish to overthrow + the form of government, or overturn the Ministers? Did they wish to upset + social order? Did they arm themselves against their brethren of the army? + Oh, no! they did not arm; they united peaceably, and peaceably cried for + justice. Their cry was, "Rome the capital of Italy." They did not wish the + nation to betray itself; they did not wish the nation to be dismembered; + they did not wish the country any longer to serve the foreigner. Its + protest was, therefore, against that convention which destroys the + plebiscite of Southern Italy. To the noble cry, to the generous protest, + the Government replied by directing its troops upon the peaceful citizens; + and the Piazza Castello and the Piazza San Carlo were bathed in blood. + Unhappy Turin! the Moderate party stifled thy cries in thine own blood, + betrayed thy solemn protests, called upon thee not to disturb the concord + of the nation, and to that false concord sacrificed thee and the nation + alike. Widows and orphans well remember the impunity given to the + assassins of their loved ones in the name of "concord." When will these + crimes end? Without Rome, unity is forever menaced. Without Rome, we have + neither moral nor political liberty. We have no independence, no right + government; but we have anarchy, dilapidation, servitude to the foreigner, + and submission to the priests. + </p> + <p> + The Moderates acknowledge Cavour as their leader: hear, then, Cavour. + </p> + <p> + The Italian Parliament, in 1861, when Cavour was Prime Minister, declared + Victor Emanuel King of Italy, and declared Rome officially the seat of the + new monarchy; and Cavour stated, in his place as Prime Minister, after + having bestowed upon the question the utmost deliberation, that "the ideas + of a nation were few in number, and that to the common Italian mind the + idea of Italy was inseparable from that of Rome. An Italy of which Rome + was not the capital would be no Italy for the Italian people. For the + existence, then, of a national Italian people, the possession of Rome as a + capital was an essential condition." "The choice of a capital," continued + Cavour, "must be determined by high moral considerations, on which the + instinct of each nation must decide for itself. Rome, gentlemen, unites + all the historical, intellectual, and moral qualities which are required + to form the capital of a great nation. Convinced, deeply convinced as I am + of this truth, I think it my bounden duty to proclaim it as solemnly as I + can before you and before the country. I think it my duty also to appeal, + under these circumstances, to the patriotism of all the Italian citizens, + and of the representatives of our most illustrious cities, when I beg of + them to cease all discussion on this question, so that Europe may become + aware that the necessity of having Rome for our capital is recognized and + proclaimed by the whole nation." + </p> + <p> + How the Moderates followed this advice has been already seen. But + statements were circulated in their papers, far and wide, in order to + reconcile the Italian people to a convention, that the rights of the Roman + people would not be interfered with; and when the French troops had left, + the people of Rome would have full liberty to act as they thought proper. + It was in this view that General Garibaldi visited Orvieto shortly before + his arrest, where he was received with the most unbounded enthusiasm, the + entire city being in festive garb, whilst men, women, and children joined + in according him an enthusiastic welcome. + </p> + <p> + "Our cry must no longer be 'Rome or death!'" he said; "on the contrary, it + is 'Rome and life!' for international right permits the Romans to rise, + and will allow them to raise themselves from the mud into which the + priests have thrown them." + </p> + <p> + It was at four o'clock on Tuesday morning, on the 5th of September, that + General Garibaldi was arrested, by order of Ratazzi, in the little village + of Asinalunga. He was sleeping in the house of Professor Aqualucci, and he + was, as the map will show, far from the Roman frontier. He had been + received with the utmost respect by the syndic and by the secretary of the + municipality, and all the usual rejoicings took place, though it is stated + that all the time the syndic had the order for the General's arrest in his + pocket. General Garibaldi was conveyed to the fortress of Alexandria. In a + day or two he was informed that he would be entirely restored to liberty + if he would consent to go to Caprera; he had full liberty to return to the + mainland whenever he thought proper. Depending upon this ministerial + assurance, he returned to Caprera, having previously assured his friends + in Genoa that he was in full and perfect liberty. An Italian fleet was + sent to guard Caprera, and on his attempting to leave the island to go on + board the Rubeatini postal steamers, his boat was fired at. He was taken + on board a man-of-war, and conducted back to Caprera. + </p> + <p> + Then it was that, on the evening of the 14th of October, 1867, three + individuals came down from the farm at Caprera towards Fontanazia; a + fourth passed by way of the wooden porch which joins the small iron + cottage to the large Souse, and took the high road to Stagnatia—the + latter, by his dark physiognomy and the style of his apparel, appeared to + be a Sardinian—the men belonging to the yacht which the munificence + and sympathy of the generous English nation had placed at the disposal of + the General. The first three men might have been recognized by that famous + distinction, the red shirt, had not this garment, in a great measure, been + concealed by the outer habiliments of each. They were Barberini and + Fruchianti, and the third we need not describe. Barberini, though not + strong by nature, had a wiry arm and the heart of a lion; Fruchianti was + far more robust. + </p> + <p> + The sirocco, with its melancholy breath, beat down the poor plants of the + island, daughter of the volcanoes and of the sea, and dense black clouds, + chased by the impetuous winds, eddied on the summit of Veggialone, and + then became mingled with dense vapors, which on higher mountains often + form the centre of storms. + </p> + <p> + The three silent men descended, and on the way, whenever the unequal + ground permitted a view of the port, they gazed with watchful eyes on the + three ships which rocked gracefully in the Bay of Stagnabella. The yacht, + with a small cannon at her bow, and a boat lashed to the poop, formed a + strange contrast (completely deserted as she was) with the meu-of-war, + their decks covered and encumbered with men. + </p> + <p> + It was six o'clock in the evening, and the sun had set, and the night + promised, if not tempest, that disagreeable and oppressive weather which + the sirocco generally brings from the burning plains of the desert. The + three men having arrived on the Prato, Fruchianti said, "I leave you; I am + going to the left to explore the point of Araccio." + </p> + <p> + The two continued to descend; they passed—opening and shutting them + again—the four gates (?) of Fontanazia, and arrived under the dry + wall which divides the cultivated part from the deserted shores. + </p> + <p> + Having reached that wall, the elder man threw off his cloak, changed his + white hat for a cap, and after having reconnoitred a time beyond the dry + wall, got over it with surprising agility. He now seemed to recall the + strength of his past life, and was reinvigorated as if by twenty years. + Were not his sons and his brothers fighting against the mercenaries of + Papal tyranny? and could he remain quiet, murmuring complaints, or give + himself up to the shameful life of the indifferent? + </p> + <p> + Having crossed the wall, and turned to Barberini, the General said, "Let + us sit down and smoke half a cigar," and drawing from his left pocket a + little case, a souvenir from the amiable Lady Shaftesbury, he lit one, + which he then handed to his companion, a great amateur of such + commodities. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile the first shadows of darkness began to obscure the atmosphere, + but in the east they saw the appearance of a changing color, the first + herald of the coming moonlight. + </p> + <p> + "In three-quarters of an hour," said the General, "the moon will rise + above the mountains, and there is no time to lose." + </p> + <p> + Thereupon the two men took their way to the port, Giovanni was at his + post, and, with the aid of Barberini, in a moment the little skiff was in + the water, and the General sat on his cloak as low as possible. After + launching the little boat into the sea, Giovanni embarked in the larger + one, and having assured himself of the progress of the first, he proceeded + towards the yacht, merrily singing. + </p> + <p> + "Halt! who goes there?" twice cried the men-of-war's men, who had become + policemen to the Sardinian ruler. But he sang on, and did not seem to care + for their cries. Nevertheless, at the third intimation, Giovanni replied, + "Going on board!" At this they seemed satisfied. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile the little skiff pursued her course, coasting Carriano, at the + distance of two miles from the shore, partly propelling itself, and partly + propelled by a boat-hook used in the American fashion. From Carriano to + Barabruciata, and thence to the point of Treviso, near which appeared the + form of the faithful Fruchianti. + </p> + <p> + "Nothing new as far as the rocks of Araccio," said Fruchianti. + </p> + <p> + "Then I push on," answered the General. + </p> + <p> + And his little boat dashed among the breakers. He gave a glance to the + small island, which appeared at a convenient distance, and the tiny skiff + was on the high sea. + </p> + <p> + Garibaldi, seeing the moonlight increase, paddled on with good will, and + with the help of the breeze crossed the Straits of Moneta with surprising + velocity. + </p> + <p> + In the moonlight, at a certain distance, every reef appeared a boat; and + as the squadron of Batazzi, besides so many launches for the ships of war + about Caprera, was also augmented by numerous vessels from Maddalena, the + sea all around the island was crowded with vessels, to prevent one man + from fulfilling his duty. Nearing the coast of the little island of + Giardinelli, not far from Maddalena, the skiff plunged among the broken + waters, which is there always, and coasted the shore, already illumined by + the moon. + </p> + <p> + It is a fact that many people on service in every Government affect a + great deal of zeal in daylight, and in the presence, or the supposed + presence, of the chief. At the arrival of night, however, after a good + supper and copious libations to Bacchus—at night, I say, when + commanders are sleeping or diverting themselves—zeal and vigilance + die in exact proportion to the discipline and the interest which the + motive of the watch inspires. Thus, then, one must not ascribe all the + merit to him who managed the boat, but more to the sleeping vigilance of + those whose duty it was to have kept a better look-out, that he reached + the little island safe and sound, without being molested by one solitary + call of "Who goes there?" + </p> + <p> + Having reached land, there were three paths to take: first, to row close + to the land; secondly, to leave the island to the left, and coast along to + the west; and thirdly, leaving the island to the right and following the + coast, to approach the ford which separates it from Maddalena, where + probably Basso and Captain Cunio were waiting. The first plan was adopted. + </p> + <p> + After having drawn up the boat on the beach, the General proceeded at + midday in the direction of the ford, where, on his arrival, he heard cries + from those who guarded the strait, and a few shots fired in the distance. + </p> + <p> + At a short distance from the ford of the island there is a wall covered + with creepers, which prevents the escape of the animals that pasture in + the island; and at midday he reached a compound. Then also came the ford, + and through the wall there was a little passage formed of stones. + </p> + <p> + The General thought he could distinguish along the wall a file of sailors + lying down, and he was so much the more disposed to believe it, as Captain + Cunio and Basso had seen seamen arrive on the island in the course of the + day. This made him lose about half an hour waiting and reconnoitring, and + Captain Cunio and Basso, imagining the shots directed at the boat, had + concluded him taken or obliged to recede. Under this persuasion the + friends returned from the ford towards Maddalena, and were greatly vexed + when, towards 2 p.m., they were informed by the confidential servant of + Mrs. Collins that he, the General, had reached her house. In fact, about + 10 p.m., Garibaldi ventured to pass the little strait which divides the + isle from Maddalena, and effected it without hinderance, but was obliged, + to his great inconvenience, to ride a long way down a road flooded with + water, which had deluged it. He then came in sight of Mrs. Collins's + house, sure of a good reception, but drew near cautiously, apprehending + that some one might be on the watch; and finally, in a moment in which the + moon was veiled by a dark cloud, he approached the dwelling, and with the + end of his Scotch walking-stick struck at the window a few slight blows. + </p> + <p> + Mrs. Collins who had strong faith in the fortunes of the General, and who + was warned of his attempt, expected him, so that at the first sound she + advanced to the front door, opened it, and received her old neighbor with + friendly greetings. And pleasant he found it to receive shelter after such + a wild night; so that the wanderer was once more safe and indeed happy in + his friend's house, where a thousand cares and attentions were lavished on + him. + </p> + <p> + After this there was a little difficulty in crossing Sardinia and reaching + the main land. While the Government still supposed Garibaldi a prisoner at + Caprera, he had arrived in safety at the Hôtel de Florence! + </p> + <p> + Not less atrocious was the treachery used towards the volunteers. They + were promised that as soon as the first French soldier disembarked the + army should march on Rome, and the Government, to put the country off her + guard, occupied several points of the Roman territory, and spread a + considerable number of troops over the frontier that they might the more + easily disarm the volunteers, as well as close up from them every path, so + that no supplies or subsidies could reach them from their brothers and the + Committee of Help. + </p> + <p> + Having thus isolated the volunteers and deprived them of succor and + supplies—especially the supply of ammunition, of which the + Government knew them to be in want—they spread discouragement and + demoralization among the young volunteers, and did all they could to + betray and destroy them. + </p> + <p> + Rome being occupied by the French, and part of the Roman territory by the + Government troops, the Papal army <i>en masse</i> could freely operate + against the volunteers. The papal mercenaries, still alarmed by the recent + defeats they had sustained, did not dare to confront alone the unarmed + soldiers of liberty, and it was therefore determined that the French army + should support the Papal troops. + </p> + <p> + The Government of Florence did not think it necessary to take part in the + glory of the battle of Mentana, by adding its troops to those of the + French allies; or perhaps it believed, and with reason, that the Italian + people would not have quite tolerated such an accumulation of villainy, + although the Ministry would certainly have executed it of themselves + without any remorse. It contented itself, therefore, with depriving the + volunteers of their natural aids, with sowing diffidence and + discouragement in the hearts of our youthful and impressible soldiers, and + with giving the National Army Contingent orders to slaughter the flower of + the Italian nation, their brother Italians. + </p> + <p> + Well was it for the soldiers of the Pope that they were backed by those of + Bonaparte. + </p> + <p> + The battle of Mentana commenced at 1 p.m. on the 3d of November, between + the Papal troops and the volunteers. After two hours' desperate fighting + the mercenaries' lines had all fallen back, and our men marched over their + corpses in pursuit of the fugitives. But the new line of Imperialists + advancing, and finding our youthful volunteers in that disorder incidental + under these circumstances to men little disciplined, compelled them to + retreat. + </p> + <p> + In this manner was accomplished two most execrable acts of treachery, to + which parallels can not be found in any page of the world's history. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0078" id="link2H_4_0078"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + IV. NOTES. + </h2> + <h3> + NOTE 1. + </h3> + <p> + Among the cardinals nominated by Sixtus IV. was Raffaelle, who, under the + direction of his great uncle, Sixtus IV., had acted the principal part in + the bloody conspiracy of the Pazza. In assuming his seat among the fathers + of the Christian Church, Giovanni de Medici, afterwards Leo X., found + himself associated with one who had assisted in the murder of his uncle, + and had attempted the life of his father. But the youth and inexperience + of Riaro excused the enormity of a crime perpetrated under the sanction of + the supreme pontiff. + </p> + <p> + The eldest member of the college at this time was Roderigo Borgia, who had + enjoyed for upwards of thirty-five years the dignity of the purple, to + which he had for a long time past added that of the vice-chancellor to the + holy see. + </p> + <p> + The private life of Roderigo had been a perpetual disgrace to his + ecclesiastical functions. In the Papal History by Dr. Beggi (edition 1862, + pages 553-556) we are told that this cardinal was at one time sovereign + regent of Rome, that he had a ferocious and indomitable ambition, with + such a perverse spirit fomented by debauchery, luxury, and riches, that in + the contempt of any pretense of virtue, he lived publicly with a barefaced + concubine named Rosa Vennozza, by whom he had many children. After his + election to the chair of St. Peter, he created his eldest son Duke of + Candia. Cæsar Borgia was the second son; Lucretia Borgia was of the same + stock, and the eldest of several daughters whom he had by other + mistresses. + </p> + <p> + On the death of Innocent VIII., Cardinal Roderigo Borgia, being the most + powerful in authority and wealth, with cunning artifices, and corrupt + promises to the Roman barons and the most influential cardinals—such + as the Sforzas, the Orsini, the Riarii, and others, ascended the papal + chair under the title of Alexander VI. + </p> + <p> + NOTE 2. + </p> + <p> + A better illustration of the manner in which the Church of Rome applies + her patronage of the fine arts to the inculcation of her doctrines and the + increase of her power, can hardly be found than among the frescoes of the + Campo Santo, Pisa. Here we have represented the most ghastly cartoons of + death, judgment, purgatory, and hell; we behold angels and devils fighting + for the souls of the departed, snakes devouring, fiends scorching, red-hot + hooks tearing their flesh. Those on earth can, so say the priests, rescue + their unfortunate relatives from this melancholy position by giving + donations to their spiritual fathers, who will then pray for their escape. + We read in the New Testament that the rich enter heaven with difficulty, + but it is they, according to the Church of Rome, who enter easily, whilst + the poor are virtually excluded. + </p> + <p> + NOTE 3. + </p> + <p> + In foreign discussions on the papal question it is always assumed as an + undisputed fact that the maintenance of the papal court at Rome is, in a + material point of view, an immense advantage to the city, whatever it may + be in a moral one. Now my own observations have led me to doubt the + correctness of this assumption. If the Pope were removed from Rome, or if + a lay government were established—the two hypotheses are practically + identical—the number of the clergy would undoubtedly be much + diminished, a large number of the convents and clerical endowments would + be suppressed, and the present generation of priests would be heavy + sufferers. This result is inevitable. Under no free government would or + could a city of 170,000 inhabitants support 10,000 unproductive persons + out of the common funds—for this is substantially the case in Rome + at the present day. Every sixteen lay citizens—men, women, and + children—support out of their labor a priest between them. The papal + question with the Roman priesthood is thus a question of daily bread, and + it is surely no want of charity to suppose that the material aspect + influences their minds quite as much as the spiritual. It is, however, a + Protestant delusion that the priests of Rome live upon the fat of the + land. What fat there is is certainly theirs. It is one of the mysteries of + Rome how the hundreds of priests who swarm about the streets manage to + live. The clue to the mystery is to be found inside the churches. In every + church—and there arty 866 of them—some score or two of masses + are said daily at the different altars. The pay for performing a mass + varies from sixpence to five shillings. The good masses—those paid + for by private persons for the souls of their relatives—are + naturally reserved for the priests connected with a particular church; + while the poor ones are given to any priest who happens to apply for them. + The nobility, as a body, are sure to be the supporters of an established + order of things; their interests, too, are very much mixed up with those + of the papacy. There is not a single noble Roman family that has not one + or more of its members among the higher ranks of the priesthood. And in a + considerable degree their distinctions, such as they are, and their + temporal prospects, are bound up with the popedom. Moreover, in this rank + of the social scale the private and personal influence of the priests + through the women of the family is very powerful. The more active, + however, and ambitious amongst the aristocracy feel deeply the exclusion + from public life, the absence from any opening for ambition, and the + gradual impoverishment of their property, which are the necessary evils of + an absolute ecclesiastical government.—<i>Dicey's "Rome in 1860</i>." + </p> + <p> + NOTE 4. + </p> + <p> + Many of our readers may have only an indistinct idea of the causes which + led to the siege of Rome in 1849; and to understand it we must turn for a + moment to the history of France. The revolution of 1848, which dethroned + Louis Philippe and the house of Orleans, and established a republican + government in France, was the signal for a general revolutionary movement + throughout Europe. The Fifth Article of the new French Constitution + stated, "The French Republic respects foreign nationalities. She intends + to cause her own to be respected. She will never undertake any sin for the + purpose of conquest, and will never employ her arms against the liberty of + any people." Prince Louis Napoleon was elected a member of the Chambers. + He had fought for the Italian liberty in the year 1831, when the Bolognese + revolution broke out. Louis Napoleon had taken an active part in the + campaign, and, aided by General Sercognani, defeated the Papal forces in + several places. His success was of short duration. He was deprived of his + command, and banished from Italy, and only escaped the Austrian soldiers + by assuming the disguise of a servant.* When the prince landed in France + from England, where he had resided several years, he caused a proclamation + to be posted on the walls of Boulogne, from which we extract the + following:— + </p> + <p> + "I have come to respond to the appeal which you have made to my + patriotism. The mission which you impose on me is a glorious one, and I + shall know how to fulfill it. Full of gratitude for the affection you + manifest towards me, I bring you my whole life, my whole soul. + </p> + <p> + "Brothers and citizens, it is not a pretender whom you receive into your + midst. I have not meditated in exile to no purpose. A pretender is a + calamity. I shall never be ungrateful, never a malefactor. It is as a + sincere and ardent Democratic Reformer that I come before you. I call to + witness the mighty shade of the man of the age, as I solemnly make these + promises:- + </p> + <p> + "I will be, as I always have been, the child of France. + </p> + <p> + "In every Frenchman I shall always see a brother. + </p> + <p> + "The rights of everyone shall be my rights. + </p> + <p> + "The Democratic Republic shall be the object of my worship. I will be its + priest. + </p> + <p> + "Never will I seek to clothe myself in the imperial purple. + </p> + <p> + "Let my heart be withered within my breast on the day when I forget what I + owe to you and to France. + </p> + <p> + "Let my lips be ever closed if I ever pronounce a word, a blasphemy, + against the Republican sovereignty of the French people. + </p> + <p> + "Let me be accursed on the day when I allow the propagation, under cover + of my name, of doctrines contrary to the democratic principle which ought + to direct the government of the Republic. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * See "Vicissitudes of Families," by Sir Bernard Burke, pp. + 294, 395. See also "The Autobiography of an Italian Rebel," + by Riccalde, from p. 5. +</pre> + <p> + "Let me be condemned to the pillory on the day when, a criminal and a + traitor, I shall dare to lay a sacrilegious hand on the rights of the + people—whether by fraud, with its consent, or by force and violence + against it."—See Courier de la Sarthe. + </p> + <p> + And on December 2d, 1848, he addressed the following letter to the Editor + of the Constitutionnel:- + </p> + <p> + "Monsieur,—Sachant qu'on a remarqué mon absence au vote pour + l'expédition de Civita Vecchia, je crois devoir déclarer, que bien que + résolu à appuyer toutes les dispositions propres à garantir la liberté et + l'autorité du Souverain Pontife, je n'ai pu néanmoins approuver, par mon + vote, unie démonstration militaire qui me semblait périlleuse, même pour + les intérêts sacrés que Ton veut protéger, et faite pour compromettre la + paix européene. + </p> + <p> + (Signé) "L. N. Bonaparte." + </p> + <p> + It must also be borne in mind that the Emperor Napoleon, his uncle, had + created his own son King of Rome, and had detained the Pope a prisoner in + France; when, therefore, Prince Louis Napoleon was elected President of + the French Republic, it was universally supposed that he would rejoice at + the formation of a sister Republic in the Roman States. The Roman + Constituent Assembly elected by universal suffrage voted by one hundred + and forty-three against five votes for the perpetual abolition of the + temporal government of the Pope. + </p> + <p> + On the 18th of April, 1849, the Constituent Assembly voted that a + manifesto should be addressed to the Governments and Parliaments of + England and France. In this document it was stated, "That the Roman people + had a right to give themselves the form of government which pleased them; + that they had sanctioned the independence and free exercise of the + spiritual authority of the Pope; and that they trusted that England and + France would not assist in restoring a government irreconcilable by its + nature with liberty and civilization, and morally destitute of all + authority for many years past, and materially so during the previous five + months." + </p> + <p> + Notwithstanding this, the French Government dispatched a French army to + Civita Vecchia, where they landed on the 27th of April, 1849. General + Oudinot declared that the flag which he had hoisted was that of peace, + order, conciliation, and true liberty, and he invited the Roman people to + co-operate in the accomplishment of this patriotic and sacred work. He + also declared that the French had landed, not to defend the existing + Pontifical Government, but to avert great misfortunes from the country. + France, he added, did not arrogate to herself the right to regulate + interests which belonged to the Roman people and extended to the whole + Christian world. The prefect of the province replied, "Force may do much + in this world, but I am averse to believe that republican France will + employ its troops to overthrow the rights of a republic formed under the + same auspices as her own. I am convinced that when you ascertain the truth + you will feel assured that in our country the republic is supported by the + immense majority of the people." + </p> + <p> + The Roman Government—which was a triumvirate consisting of Mazzini, + Armellini, and Aurelio Saffi—resolved to oppose force by force, and + the Assembly did not hesitate. The Triumvirate intrusted to General + Garibaldi, who arrived the same evening, the defense of the city of Rome. + It is impossible to describe the enthusiasm which took possession of the + population at the sight of him. The courage of the people increased with + their confidence, and it appeared as if the Assembly had not only decreed + defense but victory. + </p> + <p> + Garibaldi upheld for three months in the future capital of the nation the + national flag, against the forces of France, Austria, Naples, and Spain. + Twice were the French troops attacked at the point of the bayonet and + repulsed far beyond the walls. It was afterwards stated by French writers, + that the French soldiers only intended to make a re-connoissance, and had + fallen into a snare. This is not true. The French general had resolved + upon a battle, the plan of which was found on the body of a French officer + killed in the conflict, and transmitted to the Minister of War. It was + after this victory that Garibaldi, seeing all the advantages of his + situation, wrote to Avizzana, Minister of War: "Send me fresh troops, and + as I promised to beat the French, and have kept my word, I promise you I + will prevent any one of them from regaining their vessels." It was then + that Mazzini, placing all his hopes on the French democratic party, of + which Ledru-Rollin was the chief, interposed his authority. He refused the + fresh troops asked for, and ordered Garibaldi not to make a mortal enemy + of France by complete defeat. + </p> + <p> + On Monday, 7th May, in the French National Assembly there was an animated + discussion on the French expedition to Rome, M. Jules Favre having + denounced its proceedings as contrary to the intention avowed by + ministers, which was to prevent foreign interference at Rome, and as + clearly opposed to the wishes of the Roman people; he also stated, on the + authority of private letters, that five unsuccessful assaults had been + made, that 150 men had been killed and 600 wounded, and he ended by moving + the appointment of a committee. M. Barrot, the President of the Council, + declared that the object of the expedition was, really, to prevent another + power from interfering in the affairs of Rome, and expressed his belief + that General Oudinot had not acted contrary to his instructions, though + the army might have fallen into a snare. He opposed the committee as + unconstitutional, and called upon the Assembly to reject the motion. + General Lamoricière believed that General Oudinot might have been deceived + as to the wishes of the people at Rome. + </p> + <p> + Mr. Flocon announced that barricades had been erected at Rome, and that + the French residents would fight against the new-comers. After some + further discussion, M. Barrot acquiesced in the motion, and the members + withdrew to appoint the committee. + </p> + <p> + The sitting was resumed at nine o'clock, when the report of the committee + was presented. It stated that as the idea of the Assembly had been that + the expedition sent to Civita Vecchia ought to remain there, unless + Austria moved on Rome, or a counter revolution in that city rendered an + advance necessary, the committee considered that more had been done than + had been intended, and it therefore proposed a resolution declaring that + the National Assembly requested the Government to take measures that the + expedition to Italy be no longer turned aside from its real object. M. + Drouyn de Lhuys, on the part of the Government, said he must positively + refuse to order the troops to return to Civita Vecchia, their presence + being required by events at Rome. The minister further declared that the + Government fully supported its agent, the general-in-chief, and the more + so that the details of the encounter at Rome were wanting. M. Lenard + accused the ministry of wishing to put down the Roman Republic. After + various amendments had been proposed and rejected, the resolution of the + committee was carried against ministers by a majority of 328 to 241. The + result was received with loud cheers, and cries of "Vive la République," + and the Chamber adjourned at a quarter past one o'clock. + </p> + <p> + Notwithstanding this vote of the French National Assembly, the President + of the Republic, Prince Louis Napoleon, addressed a letter to General + Oudinot, in which he says: "I had hoped that the inhabitants of Rome would + receive with eagerness an army which had arrived there to accomplish a + friendly and disinterested mission. This has not been the case; our + soldiers have been received as enemies, our military honor is-engaged. I + shall not suffer it to be assailed. Reinforcements shall not be wanting to + you." + </p> + <p> + The envoy of the Roman Government in Paris addressed the following letter, + in the name of the Roman people, to their brothers in France: "A + sanguinary combat has taken place between the inhabitants of Rome and the + children of France, whom rigorous orders urged against our homes; the + sentiment of military honor commanded them to obey their chiefs, the + sentiment of patriotism ordered us to defend our liberties and our + country. Honor is saved, but at what a price! may the terrible + responsibility be averted from us, who are united by the bonds of charity. + May even the culpable be pardoned; they are punished sufficiently by + remorse. Health and fraternity.—L. Tarpolei, Colonel, Envoy + Extraordinary, of the Roman Republic in Pans." + </p> + <p> + In the next sitting of the French Assembly, the subject of the President's + letter to General Oudinot was brought forward by M. Grevy, in reply to + whom M. Odillon Barrot stated that though the letter in question was not + the act of the Cabinet, he and his colleagues were ready to assume the + whole responsibility of it. He declared that the object of the letter was + merely to express sympathy with the army, and that it was not intended as + the inauguration of a policy contrary to that of the Assembly. + </p> + <p> + General Changamier placed the letter of the President of the Republic to + General Oudinot on the orders of the day of every regiment in the French + service, although M. Odillon Barrot declared in the Assembly that it was + not official. Also General Foret refused to obey the orders of the + President of the Assembly by sending two battalions to guard it during its + sitting; a breach of orders which was brought under the notice of the + Assembly by M. Armand Manest, and apologized for by M. Odillon Barrot. On + the 9th of May, M. Ledru-Rollin declaimed the letter of the President to + General Oudinot to be on insolent defiance of the National Assembly, and a + violation of the Constitution. + </p> + <p> + Ultimately the debate was adjourned on the motion of M. Grevy and M. + Favre, in consequence of M. Odillon Barrot having announced that M. + Lesseps, the late minister from Paris at Madrid, had been sent by the + Government as an envoy to Rome to express to the Roman people the wishes + of the Assembly, which showed that the Government did not intend to oppose + the Assembly. + </p> + <p> + The Paris correspondent of the <i>Morning Chronicle</i>, noticing the + stormy debates in the French Assembly, says: "In the last three days + troops have been pouring into Paris, and the number of men now garrisoning + the capital is upwards of 100,000." + </p> + <p> + We will now return to Rome, and to the day of the first victory over the + French. The joy which pervaded Rome in the evening and night which + followed this first combat may be easily supposed. The whole city was + illuminated, and presented the aspect of a national fête. Songs and bands + of music were heard in all directions. The next day, the 1st of May, + Garibaldi received from the Minister of War authority to attack the French + with his legion. He took up a splendid position on a height on the flank + of the French army; but at the moment the Italians were about to charge, a + French officer arrived and demanded a parley with Garibaldi. He stated + that he was sent by General Oudinot to treat for an armistice, and to be + assured that the Roman people really accepted the Republican Government, + and were determined to defend their rights. As a proof of his good + intentions, the French General offered to give up Garibaldi's favorite + chaplain, Ugo Bassi, who (having the evening before refused to leave a + dying man whose head he was holding on his knees) had been taken prisoner. + </p> + <p> + The Roman Minister of War ordered Garibaldi to return to Rome, which he + did, accompanied by a French officer. The armistice requested by General + Oudinot was accorded by the Triumvirs, and the Republican Government + granted unconditional liberty to fully 500 French prisoners in their + hands. A letter from Garibaldi, after speaking of the bravery displayed by + the Roman troops, says: "A quantity of arms, drums, and other matters have + remained in our hands. The wounded French, before expiring, expressed + their sorrow for having fought against their republican brethren." + </p> + <p> + The King of Naples, at the head of his army, was now marching upon Rome. + Seeing this, Garibaldi whom the armistice left unoccupied, demanded + permission to employ his leisure in attacking the King of Naples. This + permission was granted, and on the evening of the 4th of May, Garibaldi + left the city with his legion, now 2500 strong. + </p> + <p> + On May 6th, General Garibaldi gained the battle of Palestrina, completely + defeating the Neapolitans, 7000 strong, and taking their artillery. + Shortly after, however, the ambassador of the French Republic, Ferdinand + de Lesseps, entered Rome with Michael Accrusi, the envoy of the Roman + Republic in Paris, and by means of the good offices of the French + Ambassador, the armistice, against which General Garibaldi had given a + strong opinion, was concluded. The Roman Government resolved to take + advantage of this truce to get rid of the Neapolitan army. At the same + time Mazzini first created Colonel Roselli a general, and then named him + general-in-chief of the forces. The friends of Garibaldi urged upon him + not to accept a secondary position under a man who the day before only had + been his inferior. The General, however, was utterly inaccessible to + personal considerations where the welfare of his country was concerned, + and he therefore accepted, he states himself, even with gratitude, the + post of general of division. + </p> + <p> + On the 16th May the entire army of the Republic, consisting of 10,000 men + and twelve pieces of cannon, marched out of the city of Rome by the San + Giovanni gate, General Garibaldi being ordered to proceed in advance. He + had received information that the Neapolitan army was encamped at + Velletri, with 19,000 to 20,000 men and thirty pieces of cannon. + </p> + <p> + In the end the army of the King of Naples was again entirely defeated by + General Garibaldi's division alone. In an early part of the day he sent to + the commander-in-chief for reinforcements, and received for answer that + soldiers could not be sent, as they had not eaten their soup. He then + resolved to do what he could with his own strength, and victory again + crowned his efforts. Towards midnight his troops took possession of + Velletri itself. + </p> + <p> + At daybreak the General resumed the pursuit of the Neapolitans; but he + received orders to return to Rome, which he re-entered on the 24th of May, + amidst an immense multitude, who hailed him with the wildest cries of joy. + The utter incapacity of General Roselli is now acknowledged by all; + however, in those days, he shared the views of the Roman Government + regarding the French. + </p> + <p> + In the mean time, General Oudinot, having received the reinforcements + which he required, disavowed the treaty entered into by the Roman + Government and the envoy extraordinary of his master the President of the + French Republic. It would have been thought that the dream of a French + alliance would now have faded from the ideas of the Roman Government, but + they were only half convinced even yet, and they allowed their + commander-in-chief, the newly created General Roselli, to indite a letter, + from which the following is an extract:- + </p> + <p> + "General Oudinot, Duke de Reggio: Citizen,—It is my perfect + conviction that the army of the Roman Republic will one day fight side by + side with the army of the French Republic to maintain the most sacred + rights of peoples. This conviction leads me to make you proposals, which I + hope you will accept. It is known to me that a treaty has been signed + between the Government and plenipotentiary minister of France, a treaty + which has not received your approbation." The letter goes on to request an + unlimited armistice, with a notification of fifteen days before the + resumption of hostilities, asked in the name of the honor of the army and + of the French Republic, and concludes, "I have the honor to request a + prompt reply, General, begging you to accept the salutation of fraternity. + </p> + <p> + "Roselli." + </p> + <p> + To this the French general replied:- + </p> + <p> + "General,—The orders of my Government are positive. They prescribe + to me to enter Rome as soon as possible. * * * I defer the attack of the + place until Monday morning at least. Receive, General, the assurance of my + high consideration. + </p> + <p> + "OUDINOT, Duc DE REGGIO, + </p> + <p> + "<i>General-in-chief of the Corps de l'Armee of the Mediterranean.</i>" + </p> + <p> + According to this assurance the attack would not commence till the 4th of + June. + </p> + <p> + "It is true," writes General Garibaldi, "what a French author, Foland, has + said in his commentaries upon Polybius, 'A general who goes to sleep on + the faith of a treaty awakes a dupe.' I was aroused at three o'clock by + the sound of cannon: I found every thing on fire. This is what had + happened: Our advanced posts were at the Villa Pamphili. At the moment + midnight was striking, and we were entering on the day of Sunday, the 3d + of June, a French column glided through the darkness towards the Villa + Pamphili. + </p> + <p> + "'Who goes there?' cried the sentinel, warned by the sound of footsteps. + 'Viva Italia!' cried a voice. The sentinel, thinking he had to do with + compatriots, suffered them to approach, and was poniarded. The column + rushed into the Villa Pamphili. All they met with were either killed or + made prisoners. Some men jumped through the windows into the garden, and, + when once in the garden, climbed over the walls. The most forward of them + retired behind the convent of St. Pancrazio, shouting 'To arms! to arms!' + whilst others ran off in the direction of the Villas Valentini and + Corsini. Like the Villa Pamphili, these were carried by surprise, but not + without making some resistance. + </p> + <p> + "When I arrived at the St. Pancrazio gate, the Villa Pamphili, the Villa + Corsini, and the Villa Valentini alone remained in our hands. Now the + Villa Corsini being taken was an enormous loss to us; for as long as we + were masters of that, the French could not draw their parallels. At any + price, then, that must be retaken: it was for Rome a question of life or + death. The firing between the cannoneers of the ramparts, the men of the + Vascello, and the French of the Villa Corsini and the Villa Valentini, + increased. But it was not a fusillade or a cannonade that was necessary; + it was an assault, a terrible but victorious assault, which might restore + the Villa Corsini to us. For a moment the Villa Corsini was ours. That + moment was short, but it was sublime! The French brought up all their + reserve, and fell upon us altogether before I could even repair the + disorder inseparable from victory. The fight was renewed more desperately, + more bloodily, more fatally than ever. I saw repass before me, repulsed by + those irresistible powers of war, fire and steel, those whom I had seen + pass on but a minute before, now bearing away their dead. + </p> + <p> + "There could no longer be any idea of saving Rome. From the moment an army + of 40,000 men, having thirty-six pieces of siege cannon, can perform their + works of approach, the taking of a city is nothing but a question of time; + it must one day or other fall. The only hope it has left is to fall + gloriously. As long as one of our pieces of cannon remained on its + carriage, it replied to the French fire; but on the evening of the 29th + the last was dismounted." + </p> + <p> + Garibaldi was summoned before the Assembly, and this is his history of + what happened:- + </p> + <p> + "Mazzini had already announced to the Assembly the position we now stood + in: there remained, he said, but three parts to take—to treat with + the French; to defend the city from barricade to barricade; or to leave + the city, assembly, triumvirate, and army, carrying away with them the + palladium of Roman liberty. + </p> + <p> + "When I appeared at the door of the chamber all the deputies rose and + applauded. I looked about me and upon myself to see what it was that + awakened their enthusiasm. I was covered with blood; my clothes were + pierced with balls and bayonet thrusts. They cried, 'To the tribune! to + the tribune!' and I mounted it. I was interrogated on all sides. + </p> + <p> + "'All defense is henceforth impossible,' replied I, 'unless we are + resolved to make Rome another Saragossa.' On the 9th of February I + proposed a military dictatorship, that alone was able to place on foot a + hundred thousand armed men. The living elements still subsisted; they were + to be sought for, and they would have been found in one courageous man. If + I had been attended to, the Roman eagle would again have made its eyrie + upon the towers of the Capitol; and with my brave men—and my brave + men know how to die, it is pretty well seen—I might have changed the + face of Italy. But there is no remedy for that which is done. Let us view + with head erect the conflagration of which we no longer are the masters. + Let us take with us from Rome all of the volunteer army who are willing to + follow us. Where we shall be, Rome will be. I pledge myself to nothing; + but all that my men can do that I will do; and whilst it takes refuge in + us our country shall not die." + </p> + <p> + In the end the following order was issued:- + </p> + <p> + "The Roman Republic, in the name of God and the People. The Roman + Constituent Assembly discontinues a defense which has become impossible. + It has its post. The Triumvirate are charged with the execution of the + present decree." + </p> + <p> + NOTE 5. + </p> + <p> + An attempt has recently been made to give to the so-called Moderate party + the merit of planning a United Italy. Mr. Stansfield, one of the Lords of + the Admiralty, whose recent efforts to reform his department have already + earned for him the gratitude of the English people, says: "Italy has + already accomplished of her unity so much that no policy save that of an + absolute completion of the task is any longer to be dreamed of or + suggested, and considering, too, how predominantly the credit and the + practical fruits of that success have, in the opinion of the world and in + the possession of power, inured to the benefit of the Moderate party, it + would seem natural to imagine that they too must have had the unity of + their country long in view, and that they can have differed only from the + National party as to the policy best adapted to the attainment of a common + object; and yet I believe the acceptance of the idea of Italian unity, as + an object of practical statesmanship, by the leaders of the Moderate + party, must be admitted to be of a very recent date. I will go back to + Gioberti, who was the founder of that party. In the Sardinian Chambers on + the 10th of February, 1849, on the eve of the short campaign which ended + in the defeat of Novara, Gioberti said: 'I consider the unity of Italy a + chimera; we must be content with its union. And if you look to the + writings, the speeches, the acts of all the leading men of the Moderate + party until a very recent period, you will find them all, without + exception, not only not propounding or advocating unity, or directed to + its accomplishment, but explicitly directed to a different solution. You + will find the proof of what I say in Balbo's 'Hopes of Italy;' in + Durando's 'Essay on Italian Nationality,' advocating three Italies, north, + centre, and south; in Bianchi Gioviners work entitled 'Mazzini and his + Utopias;' and in Gualterio's 'Revolutions of Italy.' Minghetti, Ricasoli, + Farini each and all have been the advocates of a confederation of princes + rather than of a united Italy. Let me come to Cavour. An attempt has + recently been made to claim for him the credit of having since the days of + his earliest manhood conceived the idea of making himself the minister of + a future united Italy. In an article in the July Quarterly, by a + well-known pen, a letter of Cavour, written about 1829 or 1830, is cited + in implied justification of this claim. He had been placed under arrest a + short time in the Fort de Bard, on account of political opinions expressed + with too much freedom. In a letter to a lady who had written condoling + with him on his disgrace, he says:—'I thank you, Madame la Marquise, + for the interest which you take in my disgrace; but believe me, for all + that, I shall work out my career. I have much ambition—an enormous + ambition; and when I become minister I hope to justify it, since already + in my dreams I see myself Minister of the Kingdom of Italy.' Now this is, + I need not say, a most remarkable letter, and of the greatest interest, as + showing the confidence in his own future, at so early an age, of one of + the greatest statesmen of our times. But no one acquainted with the modern + history of Italy, and familiar with its recognized phraseology, could read + in this letter the prophecy of that unity which is now coming to pass. The + 'Kingdom of Italy,' is a well-known phrase borrowed from the time of + Napoleon, and has always meant, until facts have enlarged its + significance, that the kingdom of Northern Italy, whose precedent existed + under Napoleon, which was the object of Piedmontese policy in '48 and '49, + and one of the explicit terms of the contract of Pombier's in '59. It is + rather a curious inconsistency in the article in question, that in itself + furnishes ample evidence that the unity of Italy was not part of the + practical programme of the Moderate party. 'Cavour,' we are told, founded + in 1847 with his friends, Cesare Balbo, Santa Rosa, Buoncampagni, + Castelli, and other men of moderate constitutional views, the <i>Risorgimento</i>, + of which he became the editor; and the principles of the new periodical + were announced to be 'independence of Italy, union between the princes,' + and the people's progress in the path of reform, and a league between the + Italian States." Again, after saying that it was Ricasoli and the leaders + of the constitutional party who recalled (in '49) the Grand Ducal family + to Tuscany, and that Geoberti proposed the return of the Pope to Rome, the + writer goes on to say, "It was an immense advantage to the restored + princes to have been thus brought back by the most intelligent and + moderate of their subjects. All that the wisest and most influential men + in Italy asked, was a federal union of the different states in the + Peninsula, upon a liberal and constitutional basis, from which even the + House of Austria was not to be excluded." + </p> + <p> + I must trouble you with one more quotation. At the Conference of Paris in + 1855, after the Crimean war, Piedmont was represented by Cavour, who + brought before the assembled statesmen the condition of Italy, but unable + to enter fully into the Italian question, he addressed two state papers on + it to Lord Clarendon. His plan—at any rate, for the temporary + settlement of the question—was a confederation of Italian States + with constitutional institutions, and a guaranty of complete independence + from the direct interference and influence of Austria; and the + secularization of the legations with a lay vicar under the suzerainty of + the Pope. At that time he would have been even willing to acquiesce in the + occupation of Lombardy by Austria, had she bound herself to keep within + the limits of the treaty of 1815. + </p> + <p> + Now you can not, I think, have failed to note the glaring inconsistency of + these praises of what is called the moderation of Cavour, with the + assumption to him and to his party of the whole credit of Italian unity, + and the theory, now too prevalent, that no other party has contributed any + thing but follies and excesses, impediments, not aids, to the + accomplishment of the great task. I believe such ideas to be as profoundly + ungenerous and unjust as they are evidently self-contradictory, and I + believe that they will be adjudged by history to be, so far as they are in + any degree in good faith, superficial, partial, and utterly incapable of + serving as any explanation of the method of the evolution of the great + problem of Italian nationality. + </p> + <p> + Now let another witness be called into court, the late Prime Minister of + Italy, Farina, on the authority of the Turin Times correspondent, who + wrote September 12,1861: "You have not forgotten that in the Jemilia, + Farina used, with great bitterness, to complain of the worthlessness of + the Moderate party in time of trial and strife."*—<i>From "Garibaldi + and Italian Unity" by Lieut.-Col. Chambers, 1864</i>. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Count Cavour wrote from Paris In 1866 to M. Rattazzi the + following "I have seen Mr. Manin. He is a very good man, but + he always talks about the unity of Italy, and such other + tomfooleries." Also La Larina, Cavour's agent in Italy in + 1860, published in that year the following explanation of + his differences with General Garibaldi:—He stated, "I + believed, and still believe, that the only salvation for + Sicily is the constitutional government of Victor Emanuel." + This explanation was published before Garibaldi crossed to + the main land; and had Cavour gained his point, and obtained + annexation, the kingdom of Naples would now have been under + Bourbon rule. +</pre> + <p> + END. + </p> + <div style="height: 6em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rule of the Monk, by Giuseppe Garibaldi + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RULE OF THE MONK *** + +***** This file should be named 38486-h.htm or 38486-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/8/38486/ + +Produced by David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + </body> +</html> |