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diff --git a/38457-h/38457-h.htm b/38457-h/38457-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f37ec4d --- /dev/null +++ b/38457-h/38457-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,8409 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + Alden's Handy Atlas of the World. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + p { margin-top:.75em; margin-bottom:.75em; } + h2, h3 { text-align:center; } + hr { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; margin-top:-1.5em; margin-bottom:.75em; width:50%; } + hr.full { width:100%; } + hr.short { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width:20%; } + body { margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align:justify; font-family:serif; } + table { border-collapse:collapse; } + table.nobctr { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; } + table.tpbtctr { border-top:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; } + td { padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; } + td.ar { text-align:right; } + td.ac { text-align:center; } + td.br { border-right:1px solid black; } + td.bb { border-bottom:1px solid black; } + td.bt { border-top:1px solid black; } + td.ba { border:1px solid black; } + td.vmi { vertical-align:middle; } + td.ptl { padding-top:3ex; } + td.pd0 { padding:0; } + td.fwb { font-weight:bold; } + td.w50 { width:50%; } + td.w33 { width:33%; } + a:link { color:blue;text-decoration:none; } + a:visited { color:blue;text-decoration:none; } + a:hover { color:red } + .cenhead { text-align:center; margin-top:1em; } + .sc { font-variant:small-caps; } + .scac { font-size:small; } + .pagenum { position:absolute; left:92%; font-size:smaller; text-align:right; font-style:normal; } /* page numbers */ + .bighd { font-size:220%; } + span.gap { display:inline-block; width:2em; } + span.gesperrt { letter-spacing:0.2em } + .figcenter { padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; margin:0; text-align:center; font-size:0.8em; } + .figcenter img { border:none; } + .figcenter p { margin:0; text-indent:1em; } + .figcenter { margin:auto; } + img.middle { border:none; vertical-align:middle } + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's Alden's Handy Atlas of the World, by John B. Alden + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Alden's Handy Atlas of the World + +Author: John B. Alden + +Release Date: December 31, 2011 [EBook #38457] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALDEN'S HANDY ATLAS OF THE WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Ben Courtney, Keith Edkins and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:4ex;"><span style="font-size:200%;"><span class="gesperrt">ALDEN'S</span></span></p> +<p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:4ex;"><span style="font-size:330%;"><span class="gesperrt">HANDY ATLAS</span></span></p> +<p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:4ex;">OF THE</p> +<p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:10ex;"><span style="font-size:400%;"><span class="gesperrt">WORLD.</span></span></p> +<p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:10ex;">INCLUDING<br /> +<span style="font-size:125%;">ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-EIGHT<br /> +COLORED MAPS, DIAGRAMS,<br /> +TABLES, ETC.</span></p> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p style="text-align: center; margin-top:10ex; margin-bottom:5ex;">NEW YORK:<br /> +<span style="font-size:125%;">JOHN B. ALDEN, PUBLISHER.</span><br /> +1888.</p> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>BRILLIANT BOOKS.</h3> + <p>The following are <b>A FEW TITLES</b> and prices from my catalogue of + standard books:</p> + <p>Alden's Cyclopedia of Universal Literature, publishing in 15 volumes, + of about 500 pages each; per volume, paper, 30c.; cloth, 50c.; half + Morocco, 60c.</p> + <p>American Patriotism: Famous Orations and Patriotic Papers; cloth 50c., + half Morocco 70c.</p> + <p>Ancient Classics for English Readers; 27 volumes; each, paper, 10c.; + cloth, 20c. Also bound in 9 vols., half Russia, each 50c.</p> + <p>Argyll's Reign of Law, cloth, 60c.; Unity of Nature, 60c.; Primeval + Man, 35c.; the three in one volume, cloth, $1.00.</p> + <p>Bacon's Essays, complete; paper 12c., cloth 25c.</p> + <p>Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress; paper 8c., cloth 20c. and 30c.</p> + <p>Chambers's Cyclopedia of English Literature; 8 volumes in cloth, + $2.00.</p> + <p>Chinese Classics: The Works of Confucius and Mencius, translated; + cloth 75c.</p> + <p>Classic Comedies, by Goldsmith, Sheridan, and Jonson; cloth 40c., half + Morocco 60c.</p> + <p>Classic Prose Wonder-Book; 900 large octavo pages, richly bound. + $1.50.</p> + <p>Confessions of St. Augustine; translated, cloth, 50c.</p> + <p>Creasy's Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World; cloth, 40c.</p> + <p>De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater; cloth, 20c.</p> + <p>Doré's Bible Gallery of Illustrations and Stories; reduced from $5.00 + to $1.25.</p> + <p>Doré's Milton's Paradise Lost; text complete, with 52 cartoons, + $1.25.</p> + <p>Durfee's Poetical Concordance to the principal Poets of the World; + cloth, gilt edges, $1.00.</p> + <p>Emerson's Essays, 2 volumes; each, cl., 40c.; half Morocco, 60c.</p> + <p>Emerson's Nature, Etc.; cloth 35c., half Morocco 50c.</p> + <p>Famous Warriors: Lives of Hannibal, Cćsar, and Cromwell, by famous + authors; each, paper, 8c.; all in one vol., cloth, 40c.</p> + <p>Farrar's Seekers after God; cloth, 35c.</p> + <p>—— Lectures, Addresses and Essays; cloth 35c., half + Morocco 50c.</p> + <p>Geikie's Hours with the Bible; 6 vols., illustrated; reduced in price + from $1.50 per vol. to 45c. in cl., or 60c. in half Morocco.</p> + <p>—— Life and Words of Christ; reduced in price from $8.00 + to 45c. for cloth, or 60c. for half Morocco.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><b>John B. Alden, Publisher, 393 Pearl St., New York.</b></p> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p class="cenhead">Copyright, 1885 and 1886, by <span class="sc">Rand, McNally & Co.</span></p> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 3 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page3"></a>{3}</span></p> +<h2>INDEX</h2> +<p class="cenhead">TO</p> +<h2><span class="sc">Maps and Descriptive Matter</span>.</h2> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="short" /> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> PAGE </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> PAGE</td></tr> +<tr><td> Abyssinia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page51">51</a> </td><td> Maryland </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page101">101</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Afghanistan </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page45">45</a> </td><td> Massachusetts </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page87">87</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Africa </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page47">47</a> </td><td> Mexico </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page77">77</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Alabama </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page115">115</a> </td><td> Michigan </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page137">137</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Alaska </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page75">75</a> </td><td> Minnesota </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page143">143</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Algeria </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page49">49</a> </td><td> Mississippi </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page117">117</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Anam </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page39">39</a>, <a href="#page40">40</a> </td><td> Missouri </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page125">125</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Andorra </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page23">23</a>, <a href="#page24">24</a> </td><td> Montana </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page163">163</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Arabia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page37">37</a>, <a href="#page41">41</a> </td><td> Montenegro </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page27">27</a>, <a href="#page30">30</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Argentine Republic</td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page189">189</a>, <a href="#page191">191</a> </td><td> Mozambique </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page53">53</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Arizona </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page157">157</a> </td><td> Natal </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page55">55</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Arkansas </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page123">123</a> </td><td> Nebraska </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page147">147</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Asia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page37">37</a> </td><td> Netherlands </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page17">17</a>, <a href="#page19">19</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Australasia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page63">63</a> </td><td> Netherlands Indies</td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page61">61</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Australia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page63">63</a> </td><td> Nevada </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page167">167</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Austro-Hungary </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page31">31</a> </td><td> New Brunswick </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page71">71</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Belgium </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page17">17</a>, <a href="#page19">19</a> </td><td> New Hampshire </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page83">83</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Beluchistan </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page45">45</a> </td><td> New Jersey </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page95">95</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Bolivia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page187">187</a> </td><td> New Mexico </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page155">155</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Brazil </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page187">187</a> </td><td> New South Wales </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page63">63</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> British Columbia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page73">73</a> </td><td> New York </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page93">93</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> British Isles </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page13">13</a> </td><td> New Zealand </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page63">63</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Bulgaria </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page25">25</a>, <a href="#page27">27</a> </td><td> Nicaragua </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page176">176</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Burmah </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page39">39</a>, <a href="#page40">40</a> </td><td> North America </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page65">65</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> California </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page168">168</a> </td><td> North Carolina </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page107">107</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cape Colony </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page55">55</a> </td><td> Northwest Territories</td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page73">73</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Central America </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page175">175</a> </td><td> Norway </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page33">33</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Ceylon </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page43">43</a> </td><td> Nova Scotia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page71">71</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Chili </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page191">191</a> </td><td> Nubia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page51">51</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> China </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page39">39</a> </td><td> Oceania </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page59">59</a>, <a href="#page60">60</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Chinese Empire </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page38">38</a> </td><td> Ohio </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page131">131</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Colombia, U.S. of </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page183">183</a>, <a href="#page184">184</a> </td><td> Ontario </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page67">67</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Colorado </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page153">153</a> </td><td> Orange River Free State</td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page55">55</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Congo Free State </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page57">57</a> </td><td> Oregon </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page171">171</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Connecticut </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page91">91</a> </td><td> Paraguay </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page191">191</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Corea </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page39">39</a>, <a href="#page41">41</a> </td><td> Pennsylvania </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page97">97</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Costa Rica </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page176">176</a> </td><td> Persia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page45">45</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cuba </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page179">179</a>, <a href="#page180">180</a> </td><td> Peru </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page187">187</a>, <a href="#page188">188</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Dakota </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page145">145</a> </td><td> Porto Rico </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page179">179</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Delaware </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page99">99</a> </td><td> Portugal </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page21">21</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Denmark </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page33">33</a>, <a href="#page34">34</a> </td><td> Prince Edward Island</td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page71">71</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Ecuador </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page187">187</a>, <a href="#page188">188</a> </td><td> Quebec </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page69">69</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Egypt </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page51">51</a> </td><td> Queensland </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page63">63</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> England </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page14">14</a> </td><td> Rhode Island </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page89">89</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Europe </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page9">9</a> </td><td> Rumania </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page25">25</a>, <a href="#page27">27</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Europe, Northern </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page10">10</a> </td><td> Russia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page35">35</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Europe, Southern </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page11">11</a> </td><td> San Domingo </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page178">178</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Florida </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page113">113</a> </td><td> Sandwich Islands </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page61">61</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> France </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page23">23</a> </td><td> San Salvador </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page176">176</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Georgia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page111">111</a> </td><td> Scotland </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page16">16</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Germany </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page19">19</a> </td><td> Servia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page25">25</a>, <a href="#page27">27</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Great Britain </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page12">12</a> </td><td> Siam </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page39">39</a>, <a href="#page40">40</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Greece </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page27">27</a> </td><td> South America </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a>, <a href="#page182">182</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Guatemala </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page177">177</a> </td><td> South Australia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page63">63</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Guiana, British </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page185">185</a> </td><td> South Carolina </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page109">109</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Guiana, Dutch </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page185">185</a> </td><td> Spain </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page21">21</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Guiana, French </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page185">185</a> </td><td> Sweden </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page33">33</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Hawaii </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page61">61</a> </td><td> Switzerland </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page23">23</a>, <a href="#page24">24</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Hayti </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page178">178</a> </td><td> Tasmania </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page63">63</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Honduras </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page177">177</a> </td><td> Tennessee </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page127">127</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Honduras, British </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page177">177</a> </td><td> Texas </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page121">121</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Hong Kong </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page39">39</a>, <a href="#page41">41</a> </td><td> Transvaal </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page56">56</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Idaho </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page165">165</a> </td><td> Tripoli </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page47">47</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Illinois </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page135">135</a> </td><td> Tunis </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page49">49</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> India </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page43">43</a> </td><td> Turkey </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page27">27</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Indiana </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page133">133</a> </td><td> United States </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page79">79</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Indian Territory </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page151">151</a> </td><td> Uruguay </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page189">189</a>, <a href="#page191">191</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Iowa </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page141">141</a> </td><td> Utah </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page159">159</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Ireland </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page15">15</a> </td><td> Venezuela </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page183">183</a>, <a href="#page184">184</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Italy </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page29">29</a> </td><td> Vermont </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page85">85</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Jamaica </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page175">175</a>, <a href="#page178">178</a> </td><td> Victoria </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page63">63</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Japan </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page39">39</a> </td><td> Virginia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page103">103</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Kansas </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page149">149</a> </td><td> Wales </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page14">14</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Kentucky </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page129">129</a> </td><td> Washington </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page173">173</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Liberia </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page56">56</a>, <a href="#page58">58</a> </td><td> Western Australia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page62">62</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Louisiana </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page119">119</a> </td><td> West Indies </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page175">175</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Madagascar </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page53">53</a> </td><td> West Virginia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page105">105</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Maine </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page81">81</a> </td><td> Wisconsin </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page139">139</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Malay </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page39">39</a>, <a href="#page40">40</a> </td><td> World </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page7">7</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Manitoba </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page73">73</a> </td><td> Wyoming </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page161">161</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Marocco </td><td class="ar br"> <a href="#page49">49</a> </td><td> Zanzibar </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page53">53</a></td></tr> +</table> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 5 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page5"></a>{5}</span></p> +<h2>INDEX</h2> +<p class="cenhead">TO</p> +<h2><span class="sc">Diagrams and Tables</span>.</h2> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="short" /> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> Agriculture, Persons Engaged in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page114">114</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Agricultural Products of Mexico </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page76">76</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Angora Hair Exported by Cape Colony, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page46">46</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of African Countries </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page46">46</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of Asiatic Countries </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page36">36</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of Central America </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of European Countries </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of German States </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page18">18</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of Mexico </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page76">76</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of Oceania </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of South American Countries </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Area and Population of West Indies </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Barley, Average Annual Product of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page82">82</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Boots and Shoes Manufactured, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page86">86</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Butter Product, 1880, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page172">172</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cattle in Territories, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page160">160</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cheese Product, 1880, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page92">92</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cheese Product in Territories, 1880, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page158">158</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cloth Manufactured in the Southern States </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page116">116</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cocoa Exported by Venezuela, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee Exported by Brazil, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee Exported by Venezuela, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee Imported by Europe </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Copper Ingots, Amount of, Produced in Southern States </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page106">106</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Copper Ingots, Annual Product of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page156">156</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Corn Crop, 1870 to 1880, Increase in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page104">104</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Corn, Increase in Acreage of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page146">146</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cotton Exported by Brazil, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cotton Manufactures per 1,000 Population, Capital Invested in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page88">88</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Crop Productions of Australasia </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Diamonds Exported by Brazil, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Diamonds Exported by Cape Colony, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page46">46</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Africa </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page46">46</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Belize </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Cuba </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Hawaiian Islands </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Hayti </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Jamaica </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Mexico </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page76">76</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Philippine Islands </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of Porto Rico </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> +<!-- Page 6 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page6"></a>{6}</span> +Exports of Society Islands </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Exports of South America </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Farm Animals in Australasia, Number of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page62">62</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Farm Crops, Comparative Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page122">122</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Farm Crops, 1870 to 1880, Increase in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page164">164</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Farms of Five Hundred Acres or Over Occupied by Owners </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page110">110</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Farm Products, Comparative Yearly </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page112">112</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Farm products, 1882, Comparison of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page166">166</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Fishery Products, 1880, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page170">170</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Flouring and Grist Mills, Capital Invested in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page142">142</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Glassware, 1880, Capital Invested in Manufacture of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page96">96</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Gold and Silver Deposited at Mints and Assay Offices, 1793 to 1883</td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page168">168</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Gold Produced from Placer Fields in 1880 </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page162">162</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Granite Quarries, Capital Invested in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page80">80</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Hardware, Capital Invested in Manufacture of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page90">90</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Hides Exported by Brazil, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Hogs on Farms, Number of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page140">140</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Hops Produced in West in 1880, Pounds of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page138">138</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Imports of Belize </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page174">174</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Imports of Society Islands </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Indigo Exported by Colombia, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Lace, Production of, Europe </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Lakes of South America, Area of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Land, Total Cultivated, Uncultivated and Timber </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page120">120</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Lead Ore Mined, Annual Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page124">124</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Limestone and Marble Quarries, 1880, Capital Invested in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page84">84</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Linen Production of Europe </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Lumber Products, 1880, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page136">136</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Mineral Productions of Europe </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Molasses Produced in 1880, Gallons of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page118">118</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Mules, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page126">126</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Orchard Products per 1,000 Population, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page98">98</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Ostrich Feathers Exported by Cape Colony, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page46">46</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Oyster Fisheries, 1880, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page100">100</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Peanuts, Annual Amount of Crop </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page102">102</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Plate Glass Manufacture, 1880 </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page132">132</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Population, 1870 to 1880, Increase of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page148">148</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Rice Produced in 1880, Pounds of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page108">108</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Rivers of Africa, Length of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page46">46</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Rivers of Asia, Length of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page36">36</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Rivers of Europe, Length of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Rivers of South America, Length of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Rubber Exported by Brazil, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Seal Fisheries, Annual Products of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page74">74</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Seas and Lakes of Asia, Areas of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page36">36</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Seas and Lakes of Europe, Areas of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Sheep in Territories, Comparative Number of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page154">154</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Silk Goods Manufactured, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page94">94</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Silk Production of France </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Silk Production of Italy </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Silver Product of 1882 </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page152">152</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Slaughtering and Meat Packing Products, 1880 </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page134">134</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Sugar Exported by Brazil, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Tea Imported by Great Britain </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Tobacco Crop, 1882, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page128">128</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Tobacco Exported by Brazil, Value of </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Wheat and Corn, Amount Raised Yearly by Different Nations </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page150">150</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Wheat Production 1870 to 1880, Increase in </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page144">144</a></td></tr> +<tr><td> Wool Product, in Pounds, 1880 </td><td class="ar"> <a href="#page130">130</a></td></tr> +</table> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 7 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page7"></a>{7}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_World.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_World.jpg" + alt="Map of the World" title="Map of the World" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 8 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page8"></a>{8}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">EUROPE.</span></p> + <p>Northwestern portion of Old World and smallest of its grand divisions. + Extreme length northeast and southwest, 3500 miles extreme breadth, over + 2,400 miles; coast line not less than 20,000 miles.</p> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb vmi"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> Divisions. </td><td class="ac ba"> Area,<br /> +Sq. Miles. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Population. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Capitals. </td><td class="ac bb vmi"> Population.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Andorra </td><td class="ar br"> 175 </td><td class="ar br"> 5,800 </td><td class="br"> Andorra </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Austro-Hungary </td><td class="ar br"> 240,942 </td><td class="ar br"> 37,883,226 </td><td class="br"> Vienna </td><td class="ar"> 1,103,857</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Belgium </td><td class="ar br"> 11,373 </td><td class="ar br"> 5,655,197 </td><td class="br"> Brussels </td><td class="ar"> 389,782</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Bulgaria </td><td class="ar br"> 24,360 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,007,919 </td><td class="br"> Sophia </td><td class="ar"> 20,501</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Denmark </td><td class="ar br"> 13,784 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,969,039 </td><td class="br"> Copenhagen </td><td class="ar"> 273,323</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> England and Wales</td><td class="ar br"> 58,186 </td><td class="ar br"> 25,974,439 </td><td class="br"> London </td><td class="ar"> 4,766,661</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> France </td><td class="ar br"> 204,177 </td><td class="ar br"> 37,672,048 </td><td class="br"> Paris </td><td class="ar"> 2,269,023</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Germany </td><td class="ar br"> 212,028 </td><td class="ar br"> 45,234,061 </td><td class="br"> Berlin </td><td class="ar"> 1,122,360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Greece </td><td class="ar br"> 25,111 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,979,453 </td><td class="br"> Athens </td><td class="ar"> 84,903</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Ireland </td><td class="ar br"> 32,531 </td><td class="ar br"> 5,174,836 </td><td class="br"> Dublin </td><td class="ar"> 418,910</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Italy </td><td class="ar br"> 114,410 </td><td class="ar br"> 28,459,628 </td><td class="br"> Rome </td><td class="ar"> 273,268</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Montenegro </td><td class="ar br"> 3,550 </td><td class="ar br"> 250,000 </td><td class="br"> Cetigne </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Netherlands </td><td class="ar br"> 12,648 </td><td class="ar br"> 4,225,065 </td><td class="br"> The Hague </td><td class="ar"> 127,931</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Norway </td><td class="ar br"> 122,869 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,806,900 </td><td class="br"> Christiania </td><td class="ar"> 124,155</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Portugal </td><td class="ar br"> 36,510 </td><td class="ar br"> 4,306,554 </td><td class="br"> Lisbon </td><td class="ar"> 246,343</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Rumania </td><td class="ar br"> 48,307 </td><td class="ar br"> 5,376,060 </td><td class="br"> Bukharest </td><td class="ar"> 221,805</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Russia </td><td class="ar br"> 2,041,402 </td><td class="ar br"> 86,486,959 </td><td class="br"> St. Petersburg</td><td class="ar"> 929,100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> San Marino </td><td class="ar br"> 32 </td><td class="ar br"> 7,816 </td><td class="br"> San Marino </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Scotland </td><td class="ar br"> 29,820 </td><td class="ar br"> 3,735,573 </td><td class="br"> Edinburgh </td><td class="ar"> 236,002</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Servia </td><td class="ar br"> 18,800 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,865,683 </td><td class="br"> Belgrade </td><td class="ar"> 37,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Spain </td><td class="ar br"> 191,100 </td><td class="ar br"> 16,064,859 </td><td class="br"> Madrid </td><td class="ar"> 397,816</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Sweden </td><td class="ar br"> 170,979 </td><td class="ar br"> 4,603,595 </td><td class="br"> Stockholm </td><td class="ar"> 194,469</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Switzerland </td><td class="ar br"> 15,992 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,846,102 </td><td class="br"> Bern </td><td class="ar"> 44,087</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Turkey </td><td class="ar br"> 63,850 </td><td class="ar br"> 4,490,000 </td><td class="br"> Constantinople</td><td class="ar"> 600,000</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LENGTHS OF RIVERS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:35em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> Miles. </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> Miles.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Danube </td><td class="ar br"> 1,725 </td><td> Loire </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Don </td><td class="ar br"> 1,300 </td><td> Oder </td><td class="ar"> 550</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dneiper </td><td class="ar br"> 1,230 </td><td> Petchora </td><td class="ar"> 900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dwina </td><td class="ar br"> 700 </td><td> Rhine </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elbe </td><td class="ar br"> 737 </td><td> Vistula </td><td class="ar"> 690</td></tr> +<tr><td> Kama </td><td class="ar br"> 1,400 </td><td> Volga </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>AREAS SEAS AND LAKES.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:35em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> Square Miles.</td><td> </td><td class="ar"> Square Miles.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Azov </td><td class="ar br"> 14,000 </td><td> Geneva </td><td class="ar"> 336</td></tr> +<tr><td> Baltic </td><td class="ar br"> 154,570 </td><td> Ladoga </td><td class="ar"> 5,190</td></tr> +<tr><td> Black </td><td class="ar br"> 185,000 </td><td> Ogena </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Constance</td><td class="ar br"> 200 </td><td> Wener </td><td class="ar"> 3,120</td></tr> +<tr><td> Enara </td><td class="ar br"> 685 </td><td> White </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:35em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Italy </td><td class="ar br"> 6,600,000 lbs. </td><td> France </td><td class="ar"> 19,149,000 lbs.</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LINEN.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:35em"> +<tr><td class="w33"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar w33" style="padding-right:3em"> Produced. </td><td class="ar w33"> Consumed.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="w33"> Russia </td><td class="ar w33" style="padding-right:3em"> 250,000 tons </td><td class="ar w33"> 90,000 tons</td></tr> +<tr><td class="w33"> Great Britain </td><td class="ar w33" style="padding-right:3em"> 26,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span> </td><td class="ar w33"> 130,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="w33"> France </td><td class="ar w33" style="padding-right:3em"> 50,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span> </td><td class="ar w33"> 70,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="w33"> Germany </td><td class="ar w33" style="padding-right:3em"> 15,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span> </td><td class="ar w33"> 35,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="w33"> Netherlands </td><td class="ar w33" style="padding-right:3em"> 80,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span> </td><td class="ar w33"> 65,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span></td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LACE.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:35em"> +<tr><td> Nottingham. </td><td> Persons employed,</td><td class="ar"> 10,500. </td><td> Value products,</td><td class="ar"> $29,782,980</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Continent. </td><td> Persons employed,</td><td class="ar"> 535,000. </td><td> Value products,</td><td class="ar"> 28,128,370</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>ANNUAL MINERAL PRODUCTIONS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:35em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Lead, Cornwall </td><td class="ar br"> 70,000 tons </td><td> Tin, Great Britain </td><td class="ar"> 15,000 tons</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lead, Cordova </td><td class="ar br"> 30,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span> </td><td> Quicksilver, Spain </td><td class="ar"> 1,000 <span class="gap" style="width:0.7em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.68em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Coffee imported, Europe </td><td class="ar"> 270,000 tons</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Tea <span class="gap" style="width:2.5em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:2em;"></span> Great Britain </td><td class="ar"> 140,000,000 lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:0.2em;"></span></td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 9 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page9"></a>{9}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Europe.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Europe.jpg" + alt="Map of Europe" title="Map of Europe" /></a> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 10 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page10"></a>{10}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Northern_Europe.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Northern_Europe.jpg" + alt="Map of Northern Europe" title="Map of Northern Europe" /></a> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 11 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page11"></a>{11}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Southern_Europe.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Southern_Europe.jpg" + alt="Map of Southern Europe" title="Map of Southern Europe" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 12 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page12"></a>{12}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">GREAT BRITAIN.</span></p> + <p>The largest island of Europe, and forming, with Ireland and the + adjacent islands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The + union of England and Ireland was effected January 1, 1800.</p> + <p>Area of the kingdom, 120,832 square miles. Pop., 35,241,482. The + divisions are: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. Capital, London; + pop., 4,766,661. Thirty-five cities have over 75,000 population. Climate + is variable but healthful. Average temperature, 50°. Rainfall, London, 25 + inches; Glasgow, 21; and Dublin, 29.</p> + <p>Middle-class education is entirely unorganized; no complete, + trustworthy statistics are to be had. There were, in 1884, 69 + universities and colleges, with 23,823 students. In 1881, there were + 1,855 schools of science, with 66,000 students. Number of public + libraries, 202. The library of the British Museum has 32 miles of + shelves, filled with books. Number of daily papers, 169.</p> + <p>Productive area in England is 80 per cent.; in Ireland, 74 per cent.; + Scotland, 28.8 per cent.; Wales, 60 per cent. Leading crops in Great + Britain, wheat, barley and oats. Acreage, 1884: wheat, 2,676,477; barley, + 2,159,485; oats, 2,892,576. In Ireland, oats and potatoes are most + important; acreage of former, 1,347,395; of latter, 798,942. Number of + acres of flax, 89,197. Orchards of Great Britain cover 180,000 acres, and + produce 85,000 tons of apples.</p> + <p>The most important minerals are coal and iron. In 1883, coal product + was 163,737,327 tons; value, $230,270,715. Iron ore, 17,383,046 tons; + value, $25,611,905. In 1883, 1,724,251 tons of pig iron were used in the + manufacture of Bessemer steel, 1,097,174 tons of it being made into steel + rails. Over 800 tons of steel are annually consumed in the manufacture of + pens, Birmingham alone using 500 tons; the average yearly production is + 800,000,000.</p> + <p>The annual value of the fisheries is $50,000,000. Herring fishery + alone $10,000,000; salmon, $4,000,000; oysters and shell-fish, + $10,000,000. Value of the Scotch fisheries alone in 1884 was $16,431,210, + the herring fishery alone being $10,267,755. Total value of imports, + 1884, $1,948,872,745; exports of home produce, $1,164,537,875; foreign + and colonial produce, $312,218,575. Value of corn and flour imported + 1882, $338,111,835. Value of cotton manufactures exported was + $382,228,785.</p> + <p>There are 2,674 cotton factories, employing 482,903 persons. Total + number of all factories, 7,105; number of persons employed, 975,546, of + whom 110,585 are children under 13 years of age. Men employed, 38 per + cent.; women, 62 per cent. Amount of cotton imported, 1883, 1,734,333,552 + lbs.; wool, 495,946,779 lbs.</p> + <p>Standing army in time of peace unlawful without the consent of + Parliament; annual appropriation of Commons for support of troops, based + on "estimates" made by the Cabinet. For 1884 and 1885, home and colonial + effectives and reserves, 644,753.</p> + <p>Previous to 1815 there was but little emigration from the United + Kingdom; in that year the number was 2,081; in 1830-34, 381,956; 1875, + 173,809; 1882, 413,288; and in 1884, 304,074, of whom 203,539 came to the + United States.</p> + <p>First railway opened in 1825. In 1883, there were 18,681 miles of + railway; 13,215 belonging to England and Wales, 2,964 to Scotland, and + 2,502 to Ireland. Number of postoffices, 1884, 15,951; and, in addition, + 15,749 road and pillar boxes. There are 27,604 miles of telegraph lines, + and 140,498 miles of wire.</p> + <p>The colonies and dependencies of Great Britain have an estimated area + of 8,000,000 square miles. Of this vast extent of territory, over + 3,500,000 square miles are in America, over 250,000 in Africa, over + 1,000,000 in Asia, and 3,000,000 in Australasia.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:70%"><tr><td style="width:50%"> +<!-- Page 13 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page13"></a>{13}</span> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_British_Isles.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_British_Isles.jpg" + alt="Map of British Isles" title="Map of British Isles" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:50%"> + <p><a name="page14"></a></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_England.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_England.jpg" + alt="Map of England" title="Map of England" /></a> + </div> +</td></tr><tr><td> +<p><!-- Page 15 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page15"></a>{15}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Ireland.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Ireland.jpg" + alt="Map of Ireland" title="Map of Ireland" /></a> + </div> +</td><td> + <p><a name="page16"></a></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Scotland.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Scotland.jpg" + alt="Map of Scotland" title="Map of Scotland" /></a> + </div> +</td></tr></table> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 17 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page17"></a>{17}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BELGIUM.</span><span class="gap"></span>Bel´je-ŭm.</p> + <p>A kingdom of West Central Europe. Formerly united with Holland to form + the Netherlands. Independence achieved in 1830. Executive power is vested + in a King; legislative, in King, Senate and House of Representatives.</p> + <p>The most densely populated of the European countries, Belgium ranks + eighteenth in area, but ninth in population. Area, 11,373 square miles. + One-sixtieth of the territory artificially gained by means of dykes. + Length of canal and river system, 995 miles. Capital, Brussels. + Population, 389,782.</p> + <p>Agriculture chief industry. Only about one-eighth of territory + uncultivated. In 1882, population, 5,655,197; average density, 497 per + square mile; 1,160,149 freeholders held 88 per cent. of land.</p> + <p>This country is very rich in minerals. Over 17,500,000 tons of coal + are produced annually. Belgium is noted for its flax. The chief products + are wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax, hemp, tobacco. In 1880 there were + 46,210 horses, 411,551 oxen, and 90,100 sheep.</p> + <p>Imports, 1882, $570,320,000; exports, $512,780,000. Manufactures are + important. About 190,000 persons employed in flax, hemp, woolen and + cotton manufactories. The lace of Brussels and the fire-arms of Liege are + among the finest in the world. The value of pig and wrought iron alone, + in 1882, was $34,473,260. Product of iron foundries about $3,000,000 per + annum; of quarries, $8,459,400.</p> + <p>Roman Catholicism professed by nearly the entire population. Education + is zealously promoted by the government; total sum spent, 1881, + $6,503,670. Four universities in the kingdom.</p> + <p>Total peace strength of the army, 1885, 47,872 men, with 9,000 horses + and 204 guns; war footing, 227,900 men, 13,800 horses, and 240 guns.</p> + <p>Of the 2,682 miles of railroad operated in 1883, 1,902 miles were + owned and managed by the government. Number miles telegraph in 1884, + 3,713; postoffices, 869.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NETHERLANDS (HOLLAND).</span></p> + <p>A kingdom of Europe, established by Congress of Vienna, in 1815. Area, + 12,648 square miles. Population, 4,225,065. Country protected by dykes + from the overflow of rivers and the inundations of the sea.</p> + <p>Constitution dated 1848. Law-making power resides in the + States-General, a parliament of two houses. Commercial centre, Amsterdam; + pop., 350,201. Capital, The Hague; pop., 127,931.</p> + <p>The soil is highly productive; fruit is grown extensively. In 1882 + there were 5,046,210 acres of cultivated garden and pasture land. Number + of acres in cereals, 1,267,399; yield of grain, 130,470,000 bu. Horses, + 270,900; cattle, 1,427,000; and sheep, 745,100.</p> + <p>Total exports, 1882, $313,330,000; imports, $414,330,000. Value of + butter exported to Great Britain alone, was $21,020,605. Holland's + merchant marine, 1884, consisted of 701 sailing vessels, of 251,500 tons, + and 96 steamers, of 123,400 tons.</p> + <p>In 1884, miles of railway, 1,320. Miles of state telegraph, 2,660; + miles of wire, 9,760. Number of postoffices, 1,281.</p> + <p>In 1884, regular army stationed in Holland numbered 65,007 officers + and men; navy composed of 157 vessels, with 9,462 officers and men.</p> + <p>Constitution secures religious freedom. Number of Protestants, + 2,469,814; Roman Catholics, 1,439,137; Jews, 81,693.</p> + <p>Returns for 1882 gave 2,822 elementary public schools; 11,250 + teachers; 1,143 private schools; total number of pupils, 557,932. There + are 4 universities, 1 polytechnic school, 5 Roman Catholic, and 3 + Protestant seminaries. Total expense of schools, $5,921,515. <!-- Page 18 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page18"></a>{18}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">GERMANY.</span></p> + <p>The third country in size in Europe. A confederate empire, composed of + 25 States, and the Reichsland of Alsace-Lorraine. Capital, Berlin.</p> + <p>Climate uniform. Mean temperature of whole country, 48°; of the valley + of the Rhine, 52°. Rainfall at Berlin, 24 inches.</p> + <p>About 63 per cent. of population is Protestant, and 36 per cent. Roman + Catholic. Number of churches, 37,720. Education is general and + compulsory. Number of elementary schools, 57,000; normal, 332; high, + 1,100; technical high schools, 9; industrial and trade, 994. + Universities, 21, with 25,964 students, of whom 89 per cent. are German, + and 1 per cent. American. Number of public libraries, 594; number of + daily papers, 560. The book fair at Leipzig annually disposes of 8,000 + tons of books, valued at $8,000,000.</p> + <p>Every German is liable to service in the army, and no substitution is + allowed. All Germans capable of bearing arms have to be in the standing + army seven years,—three years in active service, and four in army + of reserve; after which they form part of the Landwehr another five + years. Army on peace footing numbers 427,274 soldiers, and 18,118 + officers. Total war strength of trained soldiers would be 2,650,000; + available force of all classes, 5,670,000.</p> + <p>Of the area, 94 per cent. is classed as productive. Leading products, + 1882: corn, 16,435,620 tons; potatoes, 17,769,300 tons; beets, 874,654 + tons; hay, 17,486,000 tons; 11,500 tons of hops, and over 35,000,000 + gallons of wine. Value of farm animals, $1,486,000,000. The mineral + products of 1883 were valued at over $116,000,000. Value of imports, + 1883, $822,724,000; exports, $833,750. There are 23,940 breweries, + producing annually 880,000,000 gallons of beer. The annual butter product + is 160,000 tons.</p> + <p>Number of miles of railway, 1884, 22,617, of which 19,230 miles belong + to the government. Length of telegraph lines, 47,637 miles; wires, + 170,960 miles. Number of telegraph stations, 11,216. Number of + postoffices, 13,637.</p> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb vmi"> STATES. </td><td class="ac ba"> Area,<br /> +Sq. Ml. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Pop. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Capitals. </td><td class="ac bb vmi"> Pop. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td class="br"> </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Prussia </td><td class="ar br"> 137,066</td><td class="ar br"> 27,279,111</td><td class="br"> Berlin </td><td class="ar"> 1,122,360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Bavaria </td><td class="ar br"> 29,292</td><td class="ar br"> 5,284,778</td><td class="br"> Munich </td><td class="ar"> 230,023</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Wurtemberg </td><td class="ar br"> 7,675</td><td class="ar br"> 1,971,118</td><td class="br"> Stuttgart </td><td class="ar"> 117,303</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Saxony </td><td class="ar br"> 6,777</td><td class="ar br"> 2,972,805</td><td class="br"> Dresden </td><td class="ar"> 808,512</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Baden </td><td class="ar br"> 5,851</td><td class="ar br"> 1,570,254</td><td class="br"> Carlsruhe </td><td class="ar"> 49,998</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Mecklenburg-Schwerin </td><td class="ar br"> 4,834</td><td class="ar br"> 577,055</td><td class="br"> Schwerin </td><td class="ar"> 30,146</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Hesse </td><td class="ar br"> 2,866</td><td class="ar br"> 936,340</td><td class="br"> Darmstadt </td><td class="ar"> 48,153</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Oldenburg </td><td class="ar br"> 2,417</td><td class="ar br"> 337,478</td><td class="br"> Oldenburg </td><td class="ar"> 20,575</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Brunswick </td><td class="ar br"> 1,526</td><td class="ar br"> 349,367</td><td class="br"> Brunswick </td><td class="ar"> 75,038</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Saxe-Weimar </td><td class="ar br"> 1,421</td><td class="ar br"> 309,577</td><td class="br"> Weimar </td><td class="ar"> 19,994</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Mecklenburg-Strelitz </td><td class="ar br"> 997</td><td class="ar br"> 100,269</td><td class="br"> New Strelitz </td><td class="ar"> 9,407</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Saxe-Meiningen </td><td class="ar br"> 933</td><td class="ar br"> 207,075</td><td class="br"> Meiningen </td><td class="ar"> 11,227</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Anhalt </td><td class="ar br"> 869</td><td class="ar br"> 232,592</td><td class="br"> Dessau </td><td class="ar"> 23,266</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi">Saxe-Coburg-Gotha</td><td class="ar br vmi">816</td><td class="ar br vmi">194,716</td><td class="br"> + <table><tr> + <td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$lbrace.png"><img src="images/$lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td> + <td>Coburg<br />Gotha</td> + </tr></table> +</td><td class="ar"> 15,791<br /> +26,525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Saxe-Altenburg </td><td class="ar br"> 509</td><td class="ar br"> 155,036</td><td class="br"> Altenburg </td><td class="ar"> 26,241</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Waldeck </td><td class="ar br"> 466</td><td class="ar br"> 56,522</td><td class="br"> Arolsen </td><td class="ar"> 2,477</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Lippe </td><td class="ar br"> 445</td><td class="ar br"> 120,246</td><td class="br"> Detmold </td><td class="ar"> 8,053</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt </td><td class="ar br"> 340</td><td class="ar br"> 80,296</td><td class="br"> Rudolstadt </td><td class="ar"> 8,747</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Schwarzburg-Sondershausen </td><td class="ar br"> 318</td><td class="ar br"> 71,107</td><td class="br"> Sondershansen</td><td class="ar"> 6,110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Reuss-Schleiz </td><td class="ar br"> 297</td><td class="ar br"> 101,330</td><td class="br"> Gera </td><td class="ar"> 27,118</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Schaumburg-Lippe </td><td class="ar br"> 212</td><td class="ar br"> 35,374</td><td class="br"> Buckeburg </td><td class="ar"> 5,088</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Reuss-Greiz </td><td class="ar br"> 148</td><td class="ar br"> 50,782</td><td class="br"> Greiz </td><td class="ar"> 15,061</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Alsace-Lorraine </td><td class="ar br"> 5,580</td><td class="ar br"> 1,566,670</td><td class="br"> Strasburg </td><td class="ar"> 104,471</td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 19 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page19"></a>{19}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Germany_Belgium_Netherlands.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Germany_Belgium_Netherlands.jpg" + alt="Map of Germany Belgium and the Netherlands" title="Map of Germany Belgium and the Netherlands" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 20 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page20"></a>{20}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SPAIN.</span></p> + <p>A kingdom of Southwestern Europe, forming, with Portugal, the Iberian + peninsula. Capital, Madrid; pop., 397,816. Thirty-one towns have over + 50,000 pop.</p> + <p>Continental Spain has an area of 191,100 square miles. Population, + 16,061,859. Number of Provinces, 49. Length of coast line, 1,370 miles. + Object of greatest interest, ruins of the Alhambra, at Granada. This is + the only state in Europe permitting slavery in its colonies.</p> + <p>Climate varies greatly. Average temperature at Madrid, 58°. Rainfall + in the Sierras averages from 25 to 35 inches; on the table lands of + Castile, 10 inches.</p> + <p>About 80 per cent. of the soil is classed as productive, though only + 34 per cent. is under cultivation. The vine is the most important + culture, and large quantities of oranges, raisins, nuts and olives, are + grown and exported. Leading cereals: wheat, rye, barley and corn. The + wine product averages yearly 320,000,000 gallons; value, $95,000,000. + Average number of oranges exported, 960,000,000.</p> + <p>The mineral productions are of vast importance. The Cordova lead mines + are the richest in the world, and the mercury mines of Almaden are second + only to those of California. Average yearly lead product, 92,300 tons; + value, $8,000,000. Mercury, 1,090 tons; value, $1,199,000. Copper, 21,300 + tons. Tin, iron and salt are abundant.</p> + <p>The national religion is the Roman Catholic. The school system is + inefficient, though measures tending toward improvement are being + introduced. At the last census (1877) 60 per cent. of the adult + population could not read. Number public schools, 1880, 29,828; number of + pupils, 1,769,456. Number of universities, 10; students, 15,732.</p> + <p>Number miles railway, 1884, 5,157, with 1,747 miles under + construction. Length of telegraph lines, 10,733 miles; number miles of + wire, 26,160. Number of postoffices, 2,699.</p> + <p>The colonial possessions of Spain have an area of 163,876 square + miles, and a population of 7,991,894. The most important are Cuba and the + Philippine Islands. Area of Cuba, 43,220 square miles; pop., 1,521,684. + Capital, Havana; pop., 25,000. Sugar, tobacco and cigars are principal + products; average yearly sugar production, 520,000 tons.</p> + <p>Available home and colonial troops, 400,000.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">PORTUGAL.</span></p> + <p>Name derived from Portus Cale, the ancient name of Oporto. A kingdom + of Europe, occupying the western part of the Iberian peninsula.</p> + <p>Area, 36,510 square miles. Population, 4,306,554. Number of Provinces, + 6. Length of coast line, 500 miles. Capital, Lisbon; pop., 246,343. + Oporto, centre of port wine trade; pop., 105,838.</p> + <p>Climate healthful. Mean temperature at Lisbon, 61°. Rainfall averages + 27 inches at Lisbon, and 118 at Coimbra.</p> + <p>About 51 per cent. of soil is productive, and less than 23 per cent. + under tillage. Not sufficient grain raised for home consumption. Wine + product for 1882, 125,000,000 gallons; value, $28,500,000.</p> + <p>State religion, Roman Catholic. The average amount spent on public + education from 1875 to 1879 was $10,000; in 1884 the amount had risen to + $966,000. There is one university, established at Coimbra in 1290.</p> + <p>Number of miles of railway, 1884, 950; with 300 miles under + construction. Number of miles of telegraph lines, 2,920; number of miles + of wire, 7,084; number of telegraph offices, 226. Number of postoffices, + 931. <!-- Page 21 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page21"></a>{21}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Spain_Portugal.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Spain_Portugal.jpg" + alt="Map of Spain and Portugal" title="Map of Spain and Portugal" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 22 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page22"></a>{22}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">FRANCE.</span></p> + <p>A country of Europe, the fourth in size. Named from a Germanic tribe, + the Franks, which invaded Gaul, A.D. 486. Area, including Corsica and + adjacent islands, 204,177 square miles. Climate one of the finest in + Europe. Average temperature ranges from 50° at Dunkirk to 62° at Toulon: + that of Paris is 51°. Rainfall: at Paris, 22 inches; at Bordeaux, 30 + inches.</p> + <p>France has a coast line of 320 miles; the continental boundary line is + 962 miles. Largest river, the Loire. The Alps on the east, and the + Pyrenees on the south, connect France with the most magnificent mountain + systems of Europe. The French portion of the Alps has a length of 280 + miles.</p> + <p>The republic is divided into 87 Departments, Salary of President, + $120,000; length of term, 7 years. Paris, the capital and second city in + Europe; pop., 2,239,928. Lyons, the second city in size, and centre of + silk industry; pop., 376,613. Twenty-nine towns have a population of over + 50,000; and 91, over 20,000.</p> + <p>Agricultural pop., census 1881, 18,249,209. Number of acres + cultivated, 67,000,000. In 1883, 37,039,040 acres were in cereals, of + which five-sevenths were wheat and oats; total production, 742,176,807 + bu. Number of acres in orchards, 560,000; yearly production of cider, + 220,000,000 gallons. Vineyards, 5,240,340 acres; annual average of wine + product, 720,000,000 gals.; value, $225,000,000. Champagne vintage + averages 20,000,000 bottles, 17,000,000 of which are exported; 1,204,145 + acres under beet-root cultivation in 1883, yielding 32,230,312,000 lbs. + of sugar.</p> + <p>Commercially the country ranks with Great Britain. Entrances to and + clearances from her ports include annually over 60,000 vessels; total + capacity, 12,000,000 tons. Value of yearly imports, exclusive of coin and + bullion, $870,000,000; exports, $960,000,000; food imported, $308,000,000 + annually. Value of exports, 1883, $912,340,000; imports, $1,277,340,000. + Value of silk exports was $93,402,000. There were 151,404 persons engaged + in silk culture. Number of pounds of raw silk produced, 19,149,587. + France makes yearly 26,000,000 pairs of gloves, of which 18,000,000 are + exported. There are 890 umbrella makers, who annually produce $5,900,000 + worth. Value of fishery products, $21,445,450. Average production of + sardines, 980,000,000; oysters, 380,000,000. There are 83,572 men engaged + in the fisheries, with 22,345 vessels; total tonnage, 155,670.</p> + <p>About 79 per cent. of population Roman Catholic; less than 2 per cent. + Protestant. Number of elementary schools, 1884, 85,388; pupils, + 6,111,236. Number of normal schools, 163. Public libraries, 505. The + Imperial Library at Paris has 18 miles of shelving filled with books. + Daily papers published, 128.</p> + <p>The reorganization of the French army has been going on since 1872, + and is nearly completed. Every Frenchman not declared unfit for military + service may be called upon from the age of twenty to that of forty years + to enter the active army or the reserves. Substitution or enlistment for + money prohibited. In 1884 the army consisted of 524,797 officers and men, + and 130,771 horses.</p> + <p>Railway system dates from 1840; number of miles, 1884, 17,000. Number + of miles telegraph lines, 46,932; offices, 7,523. Number of postoffices, + 1884, 6,486.</p> + <p>The colonial possessions of France cover an area of 429,260 square + miles, with a total population of 9,300,000. Of the colonies, Algeria is + the largest and most important, having an area of 161,476 square miles, + and a population of 3,310,412. Algiers is the capital; population, + 70,747. The colonies next in importance commercially are Tunis and Cochin + China. <!-- Page 23 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page23"></a>{23}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_France_Switzerland.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_France_Switzerland.jpg" + alt="Map of France and Switzerland" title="Map of France and Switzerland" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 24 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page24"></a>{24}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SWITZERLAND.</span></p> + <p>The most mountainous country of Europe. Formerly a league of + semi-independent States, but since 1848 a federal republic. Number of + Cantons, 22. President elected for a term of 1 year, and not eligible for + two consecutive terms; salary, $3,000.</p> + <p>Area, 15,992 square miles. Pop., 2,846,102. The Alps extend nearly + through the length of the country; from many peaks 300 snow-capped + summits are visible. Rigi presents the finest view; Monte Rosa, the + Matterhorn (steepest in the world), Finsteraarhorn and Jungfrau range + from 13,700 to 15,200 ft. high. The Mer de Glace is the largest glacier + in the world.</p> + <p>The general climate is milder than that of other mountain countries in + the same latitude. Average temperature at Geneva, 52°. Average rainfall + at Geneva, 32 inches; at Zurich, 34 inches.</p> + <p>Bern is the capital; pop., 44,087. Geneva, seat of watch and jewelry + industry; pop., 68,320. Basel, centre of silk industry; pop., 61,399.</p> + <p>About 59 per cent. of the population is Protestant, and 41 per cent. + Roman Catholic. Education is compulsory. Number of public schools, 1882, + 5,314; pupils, 516,425; school pop., 573,713. There are four + universities,—the one at Basel, founded in 1460; and those of Bern, + Zurich and Geneva, since 1832. The government maintains a polytechnic + school at Zurich, and a military academy at Thun. Number of public + libraries, 1,654.</p> + <p>The laws of the republic forbid the maintenance of a standing army + within its limits; but every Swiss is liable to serve in the defense of + his country.</p> + <p>Of the total area 17 per cent. is forest, 30 per cent. mountains, + lakes, glaciers and rivers; 51 per cent. under crops and grass. Of the + cultivable area only 16.5 per cent. is devoted to agriculture. Less than + 1 per cent. is in vineyards. Rye, oats and potatoes are most important + crops. The dairy products are of most commercial importance.</p> + <p>Number engaged in agriculture and dairy farming, census 1880, + 1,138,678. The average yearly production of cheese is 40,000 tons.</p> + <p>The manufacturing industry is one of importance. Latest reports give + yearly value of watch manufactures $16,000,000; St. Gallen embroideries, + $15,000,000; silk ribbon produced at Basel, $7,200,000; and the silk + industry at Zurich, $15,200,000. There are 399 cotton factories, + employing 38,500 people; 224 silk factories, with 23,500 people; 838 + embroidery factories, with 17,200 people; 45 woolen factories, with 2,500 + workers.</p> + <p>Number of miles of railway, January, 1883, 1,810. Telegraph system + very complete; with the exception of wires for railway service, it is + wholly under the control of the government. January, 1884, there were + 4,270 miles of lines, and 10,346 of wire; number of offices, 1,271. + Number of postoffices, 807; boxes, 2,081.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ANDORRA.</span></p> + <p>One of the smallest republics in the world, lying between France and + Spain. Its independence dates from Charlemagne, in 790. France and the + Spanish Bishop of Urgel have jointly a nominal interest in its + government. A permanent delegate has charge of the interests of France in + the republic.</p> + <p>Area, 175 square miles. Population, 5,800. Climate healthful, but too + cold to produce grain. It possesses rich iron mines, and one of lead. + Inhabitants principally shepherds. <!-- Page 25 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page25"></a>{25}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BULGARIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Bŏŏl-gā´re-a.</p> + <p>A principality under the suzerainty of Turkey. Governed by a Prince + elected by the National Assembly, with popular legislature and + constitution. Area, 24,360 square miles. Population, 1881, 2,007,919. + Capital of principality, Sophia; pop., 20,501. Three towns of over 20,000 + inhabitants; 20 of over 2,000.</p> + <p>Most of the territory belongs to the basin of the Danube; traversed by + many streams. Soil in general very productive; agriculture is the chief + pursuit of the inhabitants. Principal exports: grain, wool, skins and + timber. About 1,500,000 tons of corn are exported per year. Total imports + in 1882 valued at $8,312,700; exports, $6,844,395.</p> + <p>One line of railway, 140 miles in length, extends from Rustchuk to + Varna. In 1883 there were in Bulgaria 1,325 miles of state telegraph + lines. Military service is obligatory. Peace strength of the army, 17,670 + men; war strength, 52,000.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SERVIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ser´ve-a.</p> + <p>The independence of this country from Turkey was established in 1878. + By the constitution adopted 1869, the executive power is vested in the + King and a Council of 8 ministers; the legislative, in the King and a + National Assembly. Area, 18,800 square miles. Population, 1,865,683. + Capital, Belgrade; population, 37,500.</p> + <p>The surface of the country is generally mountainous. Vegetation is + vigorous in all districts. The climate is mild in the lower and level + portions, but extremely rigorous in the mountainous districts. Of the + total area, one-third is under cultivation, corn and wheat being the + chief products. There are 1,750,000 persons engaged in agriculture. + Latest reports of livestock give: swine, 1,067,940; horses, 122,500; + cattle, 826,550; sheep, 3,620,750; goats, 725,700.</p> + <p>The imports are estimated at about $10,000,000, and the exports a + little below that amount. In 1884 there were 200 miles of railway. Number + miles of telegraph, 1,410. The state religion is the Orthodox Greek. + There is a university of 158 students. Other schools number about 650, + with about 45,000 pupils.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">RUMANIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Roo-mā´ne-a.</p> + <p>A kingdom of Europe, formerly a part of Turkey. Though under the + protection of Russia since 1830, it was nominally subject to Turkey until + 1878. In 1881 it was raised to a kingdom. Constitution adopted 1866, + modified 1879 and 1884. Government vested in the King, an Executive + Council, Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Area, 48,307 square miles. + Estimated population, 5,376,000. Capital, Bukharest; population, + 221,805.</p> + <p>The soil is fertile, and of the total population, 70 per cent. is + devoted to agriculture. Number of freehold proprietors, 654,000. Of the + area, 68 per cent. is productive; 29 per cent. under cultivation. Grain, + oil-seed and wine are the leading products. Average production of + cereals, 150,000 tons. Cattle and sheep are extensively reared. Total + value of exports, 1883, $44,130,055; imports, $71,981,435. Value of + leading exports: cereals, $34,511,400; animals, $2,328,490. Imports: + textiles, $23,530,315; metals, $14,632,880; skins and leather, + $8,748,370.</p> + <p>Education is free and compulsory. Number of primary schools, 2,743; + high schools, 54; normal, 8; universities, 2. The majority of the people + belong to the Orthodox Greek Church. In 1884 Rumania had 850 miles of + state railway; non-state lines numbered about 150 miles. There were about + 3,000 miles of telegraph. <!-- Page 26 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page26"></a>{26}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">TURKEY (OTTOMAN EMPIRE).</span></p> + <p>The Ottoman Empire comprehends all countries over which Turkey has + supremacy. The area and population are known only through estimates, the + latest of which give the area as 2,406,492 square miles, and the + population as 42,209,359. The most important part, that in Europe, was in + 1878 greatly reduced in area and population. The latest estimates give + the immediate possessions in Europe an area of 63,850 square miles, and a + population of 4,490,000. The laws of the empire are based on the precepts + of the Koran; the government is in the hands of the Sultan, whose will is + absolute, unless opposed to the teachings of the Mohammedan religion. + Capital, Constantinople; population, 600,000.</p> + <p>While military service is compulsory on all Mohammedans over eighteen + years of age, there are some exemptions, and substitution is allowed. + Non-Mohammedans are not liable, but must pay an exemption tax. Number of + men under arms, 150,000; actual military strength, about 430,000.</p> + <p>The total value of exports, 1882, was $50,828,895; imports, + $87,687,400. Principal exports: fruit, fresh and dried, $7,886,375; wool + and mohair, $4,330,020. In 1883, the mercantile navy consisted of 10 + steamers, of 8,866 tons; and 391 sailing vessels, of 63,896 tons.</p> + <p>As the Koran encourages public education, public schools have long + been in existence in most Turkish towns. The Mohammedans are estimated to + number 16,000,000.</p> + <p>The first railroad was constructed in 1865, 45 miles being opened for + traffic that year. In 1882 the railroads numbered 1,076 miles, of which + 904 were in Europe and 172 in Asia. In 1884 there were 14,617 miles of + telegraph and 26,060 miles of wire.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">GREECE.</span><span class="gap"></span>Grēs.</p> + <p>A kingdom of Southeastern Europe. Area, including Thessaly, but + excluding the Albanian territory detached from Thessaly and Epirus, which + was added to Greece in 1881, 25,111 square miles. Total population, + 1,979,453. Almost wholly mountainous,—an important element in the + political history of Greece.</p> + <p>Executive power vested in the King, and the responsible heads of 7 + departments; legislative, in the Chamber of Representatives.</p> + <p>Athens, capital and largest city; pop., 84,903. Over 82 per cent. of + inhabitants belong to the Greek Orthodox church. Greece has one + university and 2,698 other schools, with 140,776 pupils.</p> + <p>Main pursuit of inhabitants is agriculture. Manufactures few. Of total + area, 41 per cent. is productive, and 6 per cent. is under cultivation. + Land largely owned by a few proprietors. New Provinces of Thessaly + unusually fertile; annual yield of wheat, 21,700,000 bushels; oats, + 11,528,000. Old Provinces produce 34,000,000 bushels of wheat and + 21,700,000 bushels of corn per year. Currant crop covers vast districts. + Latest reports give 97,176 horses, 279,445 horned cattle, 45,440 mules, + and 97,395 asses. Number of sheep in all the Provinces, 4,421,977; goats, + 2,836,663; oxen, 200,000. For 1883, total imports, $27,267,400; exports, + mostly raisins, currants, and olive oil, $18,571,400. Chief resource, + maritime commerce.</p> + <p>Number of miles of railway now open for traffic, 107; projected + railways, 435 miles. Land and submarine telegraphs, 3,720 miles. + Postoffices, 213. Army: peace footing, 30,292 men; war footing, 250,500. + Commercial marine, at the end of 1884, numbered 74 steamers, of 33,318 + tons; and 3,164 sailing vessels, of 239,361 tons. <!-- Page 27 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page27"></a>{27}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Turkey_Greece_Servia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Turkey_Greece_Servia.jpg" + alt="Map of Turkey Greece and Balkans" title="Map of Turkey Greece and Balkans" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 28 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page28"></a>{28}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ITALY.</span><span class="gap"></span>It´a-le.</p> + <p>A kingdom in the South of Europe. Consists of a peninsula, the islands + of Sicily, Sardinia, Elba, and about 66 smaller ones. Area, 114,410 + square miles. Population, 28,459,628. Mean annual temperature: at Milan, + 55°; at Rome, 59°; at Naples, 61°. Climate most unhealthy in Europe; due + to miasma generated in lagoons and marshes. Has many famous and + picturesque lakes.</p> + <p>Government is a constitutional monarchy. Executive power vested in + King and responsible ministers: legislative rests conjointly with the + King and a Parliament, composed of a Senate, appointed for life; and a + Chamber of 508 Deputies, elected by the people for five years. Suffrage + universal; freedom of the press unrestricted. Famous rivers are the Po, + Arno and Tiber.</p> + <p>Italy abounds in historic and populous cities. Rome, the capital, has + pop. of 273,268; Naples, the largest, 463,172; Milan, 295,543; Palermo, + 205,712; Genoa, 138,081; Florence, 134,992; Venice, 129,445; 31 cities of + over 30,000 inhabitants.</p> + <p>Agriculture chief industry, though in a primitive condition; 87 per + cent. of total area productive; 12 per cent. under forest, 36 per cent. + cultivated; 28,000,000 acres in crops. Acreage of wheat, 12,000,000; + annual yield, 140,000,000 bushels. Vineyards occupy about 5,000,000 + acres; olive groves, 2,200,000. About 1,225,000 acres are devoted to + chestnut culture. Italy ranks next to France in wine production; average + yield per annum, 605,000,000 gallons; average annual value of all + agricultural products for last 5 years, $640,000,000.</p> + <p>Number of cattle in 1881, 4,783,232; sheep, 8,596,108; goats, + 2,016,307. In 1883, exported 127,003 cattle; sheep, 273,939; swine, + 38,668. Wool product insufficient for home consumption; import, in 1883, + 20,987,500 lbs.</p> + <p>Mining is an important interest in Italy. Value of iron and steel + mined annually, $4,250,000. Sulphur is the chief mineral product; value, + in 1882, $9,328,505. Quarries employ 20,000 men. In 1883, total weight of + cocoon harvest, 92,886,200 lbs.; value, $26,491,665.</p> + <p>Leading imports, 1883: raw cotton, $18,173,400; coal, $13,166,200; + tobacco, $2,321,800; sugar, $10,633,200. Exports for same year: raw silk, + $49,712,400; olive oil, $20,156,600; wine in casks, $15,668,200; fruit, + $8,685,800. Total imports, 1883, $257,241,023; exports, $236,321,513. In + same year, 111,296 vessels, of 18,465,381 tons, entered Italian ports; + cleared the same, 110,554 vessels, of 18,367,948 tons.</p> + <p>Length of railway, in 1883, 5,651 miles; about 1,410 miles the + property of the state. In 1879, Italian Parliament passed bills for + construction of 3,739 miles, to complete the railway system; cost, + $200,000,000. Number of postoffices in 1883, 3,497. Miles of telegraph, + 17,258; about two-thirds owned by the government; telegraph offices, not + including railway and private, 1,747; number of telegrams, 6,454,942.</p> + <p>There is a universal liability to military service. Total war force, + 2,119,250: permanent army, 750,765 strong; mobile militia, 341,250; + territorial militia, 1,021,954; reserve, 5,281. Navy, 1884, consisted of + 89 steamers, manned with 15,055 officers and men.</p> + <p>Roman Catholicism is the prevailing creed; not more than 124,000 + Protestants and Jews in the kingdom. The present Roman Pontiff, or Pope + Leo XIII., is regarded as about the 263d Pope from St. Peter.</p> + <p>Recent improvements in education have been made. There are 17 state + universities, 4 free universities, 11 superior colleges, and 219 special + schools. Number of primary public schools, 41,423; sum allowed for + expenses, $6,485,505. <!-- Page 29 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page29"></a>{29}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Italy.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Italy.jpg" + alt="Map of Italy" title="Map of Italy" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 30 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page30"></a>{30}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">AUSTRO-HUNGARY.</span><span class="gap"></span>Aws´trŏ Hŭng´ga-re.</p> + <p>A monarchy of Europe. Ranks next to Russia in size. Much of the + territory is mountainous, the Carpathians extending over about 800 miles. + Four-fifths of the area of Austria is 600 feet above sea-level.</p> + <p>Mean annual temperature ranges from about 48° in the north to 59° in + the south. Average temperature at Vienna, 50°; highest, 94°; lowest, 2°. + Rainfall: on Hungarian plains, 22 inches; in Alpine regions, 60 + inches.</p> + <p>Austria, a German monarchy, and Hungary, a Magyar kingdom, together + form a bipartite state. Each has its own Parliament, ministers and + government; they are connected by a common ruler, Congress, army and + navy. The legislative power of Congress is limited to war and foreign + affairs.</p> + <p>Area of Austro-Hungary, 240,942 square miles; area of Turkish + Provinces controlled by the monarchy, 24,247 square miles. Population, + including military, 37,883,226; in Austria, 10,819,737 males and + 11,324,507 females; in Hungary, 7,702,810 males and 7,939,192 females. In + Austria, 6,000,000 people engaged in agriculture, 2,117,098 in + manufacturing, and 177,870 in mining. Farm population of Hungary, + 2,848,868; miners, 25,905; manufacturers, 766,416; traders, 177295</p> + <p>Vienna, the capital, has a population of 1,103,857. Budapest, 360,551. + Ninety-four per cent. of whole area is productive. Number of acres under + crops, fallow and grass, 67,608,070. Total production of cereals, + 586,029,352 bushels; potatoes, 365,574,706 bushels; wines, 178,425,280 + gallons. Total number of horses, 3,282,790; cattle, 13,181,620; sheep, + 13,093,463.</p> + <p>Value of exports, 1883, $374,960,255. Chief exports: grain and flour, + $60,389,350; textiles, $55,516,850; animals, $48,519,015; fuel, + $38,979,570; sugar, $35,086,975.</p> + <p>Railway mileage, 1884, 12,820. In 1883 there were 32,684 miles of + telegraph line in operation. Commercial marine, 1884, consisted of 9,174 + vessels, with a combined capacity of 321,402 tons.</p> + <p>Army, in war, 1,072,300 strong; during peace, 291,078. Military + service compulsory on all males over 20 years of age.</p> + <p>The Roman Catholic is the state religion; 67.6 per cent. of + inhabitants are Catholics; other creeds are tolerated.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MONTENEGRO.</span><span class="gap"></span>Mon`tā-nā´gro.</p> + <p>A small state of Europe; independence recently admitted by Turkey. + Area, 3,550 square miles. Population, 1879, 250,000. The land surface is + composed of a series of elevated ridges, with high mountain peaks. + Agriculture chief occupation. Main products, maize, potatoes, sumac, + sardines, smoked mutton, hides, skins and furs. Total yearly imports + amount to $100,000; exports, $1,000,000.</p> + <p>Constitution dates from 1852; government is a limited monarchy; + executive power rests with the reigning Prince; legislative, with a State + Council. Suffrage is extended to male citizens who are bearing or who + have borne arms. There is no standing army; but all male inhabitants are + trained for the service. The state could raise an armed force of 21,850 + men.</p> + <p>Public schools are supported by the government; education is + compulsory. Capital, Cetigne; pop., 2,000. Podgoritza has 4,000 + inhabitants; and Dulcigno, 3,000.</p> + <p>Miles of telegraph, 280; number of offices, 15. <!-- Page 31 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page31"></a>{31}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Austro-Hungary.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Austro-Hungary.jpg" + alt="Map of Austro-Hungary" title="Map of Austro-Hungary" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 32 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page32"></a>{32}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SWEDEN.</span><span class="gap"></span>Swe´den.</p> + <p>This kingdom, united with Norway, forms the Scandinavian peninsula. + The government is vested in a King, a Council of State and a Parliament. + Area, 170,979 square miles. Population, 4,603,595. Capital, Stockholm; + population, 194,469. The armed forces number 172,260 officers and men. + The Royal navy consists of 66 vessels, with 4,068 men.</p> + <p>The country has numerous lakes and rivers. In the north it is cold and + sterile; but the climate, on the whole, is milder than that of other + countries in the same latitude, and south of latitude 59° the country is + generally fertile. About 7 per cent. of the land area is cultivated, and + 5 per cent. is natural meadows. Agricultural population, 2,309,790. + Emigrants in 1883 numbered 29,490, of whom four-fifths came to the United + States.</p> + <p>Value of imports, 1882, $63,840,000; exports, $70,524,000. Chief + exports: timber, $32,482,290; metals, $11,861,580. Mining is one of the + chief industries. In 1883 there were exported 34,319 tons of iron ore, + 52,126 tons of bar iron, 3,602 pounds of silver, 945 tons of copper and + 54,423 tons of zinc ore. Mining population numbered 410371</p> + <p>The state religion is Lutheran Protestant. The census of 1880 returned + 4,544,434 persons of that faith, with 2,408 churches. There are 2 + universities, with 2,540 students. Education is free and compulsory. The + total number of schools is about 9,800; pupils, 660,000; expenditures, + $2,718,390.</p> + <p>The commercial navy numbers 3,356 sailing vessels, of 439,932 tons, + and 785 steamers, of 87,524 tons. Number of miles of railway, 1883, + 4,000, of which 1,437 miles belong to the state; telegraph, 5,347 + miles.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NORWAY.</span><span class="gap"></span>Nor´wā.</p> + <p>In 1814 united with Sweden into a joint kingdom. Area, 122,869 square + miles. Population, 1,806,900. Government an hereditary constitutional + monarchy; executive power in the hands of the King and Council of State; + legislative rests with Storthing, or Great Court. Capital, Christiania; + pop., 1884, 124,155.</p> + <p>Norway is an agricultural and pastoral country; but, owing to the + light character of the soil, the products are insufficient for home + consumption, and one-fourth of the total imports is grain.</p> + <p>Principal imports are metals, minerals, textile manufactures and corn; + total value in 1883, $44,810,000. Chief exports are timber and fish; + value of all exports, 1883, $32,261,000. Fisheries employ 120,000 people + and 25,000 boats, three-fourths employed in the cod fisheries; total + product, 1883, $6,757,500. Merchant marine, 7,913 vessels; tonnage, + 1,530,004; largest in the world, considering population.</p> + <p>Army raised by conscription and enlistment; war footing, 68,800 + officers and men. Armed force to exceed 18,000 unlawful without the + consent of Storthing. Navy, 31 sailing vessels and 40 steamers, with 152 + guns, manned by a force of 915.</p> + <p>Miles of railway, 1884, 971; 929 miles controlled by the state. Miles + of telegraph, 5,629; length of wire, 10,075. Number of postoffices, + 1032</p> + <p>Protestants are in the majority; unlimited religious liberty, + Jesuitism excepted; none but Lutherans eligible to high offices.</p> + <p>Compulsory education prevails; primary schools, 6,617; 17 public high + schools, 1 university; total number of students, 284,035. <!-- Page 33 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page33"></a>{33}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg" + alt="Map of Norway and Sweden" title="Map of Norway and Sweden" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 34 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page34"></a>{34}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">DENMARK.</span><span class="gap"></span>Den´mark.</p> + <p>A constitutional kingdom in Europe. Area, 13,784 square miles. + Population, 1,969,039. Almost entirely insular. Temperature at + Copenhagen, 47°. Country low and level.</p> + <p>Constitution, dating back to 1849, and modified in 1855, '63, '66, + vests executive authority in the King and his responsible ministers; + legislative, in the Senate and House of Commons. King must belong to + Evangelical Lutheran church. The franchise is extended to all males over + 30, who are not recipients of charity.</p> + <p>Pop. of Copenhagen, the capital, 1880, 273,323; Aarhuus, 24,831; + Adense, 20,804. In 1882, 11,614 emigrants left Denmark; vast majority of + them for the United States. Relatively, Denmark ranks among the first + states of Europe in point of agriculture. In 1880, 75 per cent. of area + productive; area under cereals, 1882, 2,681,691 acres; product, + 86,706,937 bushels. Cattle rearing increasing in importance. In 1881, + value of cattle, $7,350,395; number of horses, 347,561; sheep, 1,548,613; + swine, 527,417.</p> + <p>There were exported 84,586 cattle, 72,487 sheep, 2,230,000 lbs. of + wool, and 253,294 hogs. Total value of exports in 1882, $52,225,300. + Total imports, $70,297,280. Army is recruited by conscription; it + embraces 36,469 men, with a reserve of 14,000. In 1884, navy consisted of + 40 steamers. Miles of railway, 1,106; 932 miles operated by the state. + Miles of government telegraph, 2,283.</p> + <p>Education compulsory; number of schools supported by the state, + 2,940.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">RUSSIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Rŭsh´e-a.</p> + <p>The Russian Empire comprises one-seventh of the total land area of the + globe. The area and population are known only through estimates, the + latest of which give the total area as 8,520,637 square miles, and the + population as 102,682,124. Area of European Russia, 2,041,402 square + miles; population, 86,486,959. Asiatic Russia: area, 6,479,235 square + miles; population, 16,195,165. The government of Russia is an absolute + hereditary monarchy; the whole legislative, executive and judicial power + being vested in the Emperor. Capital, St. Petersburg; population, + 929,100.</p> + <p>The established religion of the empire is the Greco-Russian, which + numbers 63,835,000 members, 636 cathedrals and 41,807 churches. The mass + of the population is uneducated. European Russia has about 375 high + schools, 61 normal and 22,770 primary schools; pupils number more than + 1,220,000. The empire has 8 universities, with 10,700 students.</p> + <p>Of European Russia, 63 per cent. of the area is productive; 21 per + cent. is cultivated. Chief products, cereals; the crop of 1883, exclusive + of Finland, was 1,671,012 tons; potatoes, 447,875 tons; tobacco, + 119,200,000 lbs. Large areas are covered with forests; value of timber + exported 1881, $49,200,000. Value of total exports of Russian Empire, + $308,898,000; imports, $283,396,000. Minerals are abundant; the mining + population numbers 392,304.</p> + <p>The total strength of the Russian army on a peace footing is 729,770 + men and 27,468 officers; war footing, 1,876,358 men and 41,551 officers. + The navy numbers 358 vessels, of 349,730 tons.</p> + <p>In 1883, European Russia had 15,274 miles of railway, of which 13,670 + miles belonged to the state. Number of miles of telegraph, 65,726. + Postoffices, 4,586. The commercial navy, in 1883, consisted of 187 + steamers, of 138,291 tons, and 2,155 sailing vessels, of 477,072 tons. + <!-- Page 35 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page35"></a>{35}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Russia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Russia.jpg" + alt="Map of Russia" title="Map of Russia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 36 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page36"></a>{36}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ASIA.</span></p> + <p>Largest continental division of the globe, and oldest known in + history. Area, 17,241,538 square miles. Extends from Arctic Ocean to + equator, and through 165 degrees longitude; coast line nearly 40,000 + miles.</p> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb vmi"> Divisions. </td><td class="ac ba"> Area,<br /> +Sq. Miles </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Population. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Capitals. </td><td class="ac bb vmi"> Pop. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Afghanistan </td><td class="ar br"> 278,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,500,000 </td><td class="br"> Kabul </td><td class="ar"> 60,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Arabia </td><td class="ar br"> 1,000,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 6,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Mecca </td><td class="ar"> 40,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Beloochistan </td><td class="ar br"> 140,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Kelat </td><td class="ar"> 10,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> British India </td><td class="ar br"> 874,220 </td><td class="ar br"> 198,755,993 </td><td class="br"> Calcutta </td><td class="ar"> 871,504</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Ceylon </td><td class="ar br"> 25,364 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,822,009 </td><td class="br"> Colombo </td><td class="ar"> 111,942</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> China </td><td class="ar br"> 1,537,590 </td><td class="ar br"> 350,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Pekin </td><td class="ar"> 500,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Chinese Empire </td><td class="ar br"> 4,419,150 </td><td class="ar br"> 371,180,000 </td><td class="br"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 500,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Corea </td><td class="ar br"> 82,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 16,227,885 </td><td class="br"> Seoul </td><td class="ar"> 199,127</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> India, Native </td><td class="ar br"> 509,284 </td><td class="ar br"> 55,150,456 </td><td class="br"> Governed by Chiefs </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Japan </td><td class="ar br"> 148,456 </td><td class="ar br"> 36,700,118 </td><td class="br"> Tokio </td><td class="ar"> 823,557</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Manchooria </td><td class="ar br"> 362,310 </td><td class="ar br"> 12,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Saghalinoola </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Mongolia </td><td class="ar br"> 288,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Governed by Chiefs </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Nepaul </td><td class="ar br"> 53,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 3,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Khatmandu </td><td class="ar"> 50,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Persia </td><td class="ar br"> 610,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 7,653,600 </td><td class="br"> Teheran </td><td class="ar"> 100,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Russia </td><td class="ar br"> 6,479,235 </td><td class="ar br"> 16,195,165 </td><td class="br"> St. Petersburg </td><td class="ar"> 927,467</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Siam </td><td class="ar br"> 280,564 </td><td class="ar br"> 5,750,000 </td><td class="br"> Bangkok </td><td class="ar"> 600,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Syria </td><td class="ar br"> 146,070 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,750,000 </td><td class="br"> Damascus </td><td class="ar"> 150,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Thibet </td><td class="ar br"> 651,500 </td><td class="ar br"> 6,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Lassa and Tishoo-Loomboo</td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Turkey </td><td class="ar br"> 729,350 </td><td class="ar br"> 16,172,981 </td><td class="br"> Constantinople </td><td class="ar"> 600,000</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LENGTHS OF RIVERS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:25em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> Miles.</td><td> </td><td class="ar"> Miles.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Amoo-Daria </td><td class="ar br"> 900 </td><td> Hong-kiang </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Amoor </td><td class="ar br"> 2,600 </td><td> Irtysh </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brahmapootra </td><td class="ar br"> 2,300 </td><td> Lena </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cambodia </td><td class="ar br"> 2,000 </td><td> Saghalien </td><td class="ar"> 514</td></tr> +<tr><td> Euphrates </td><td class="ar br"> 1,750 </td><td> Tigris </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ganges </td><td class="ar br"> 1,600 </td><td> Ural </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hoang-ho </td><td class="ar br"> 2,800 </td><td> Yang-tse-kiang </td><td class="ar"> 3,320</td></tr> +<tr><td> Indus </td><td class="ar br"> 1,850 </td><td> Yenisei </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Irrawaddy </td><td class="ar br"> 1,200 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +</table> +<h3>AREAS SEAS AND LAKES.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:25em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td class="ar br"> Square<br /> +Miles. </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> Square<br /> +Miles. </td></tr> +<tr><td> Alakton-kul </td><td class="ar br"> 1,300 </td><td> Palter </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Aral </td><td class="ar br"> 24,500 </td><td> Po-yang </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Baikal </td><td class="ar br"> 12,500 </td><td> Tingri-noor </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Balkash </td><td class="ar br"> 8,600 </td><td> Tong-Lung </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Caspian </td><td class="ar br"> 180,000 </td><td> Van </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dead Sea </td><td class="ar br"> 400 </td><td> Zaisang </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gennesaret </td><td class="ar br"> 90 </td><td> Zurrah </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Koko-nor </td><td class="ar br"> 2,040 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 37 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page37"></a>{37}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Asia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Asia.jpg" + alt="Map of Asia" title="Map of Asia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 38 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page38"></a>{38}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">JAPAN. </td><td>Zipangu.<br /> +<b>"Sunrise Kingdom."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>An empire composed of islands lying east of Asia. Supposed to have + been founded 660 B.C. Area, 148,456 square miles. Pop., 36,700,118. The + population is divided into classes, as follows: Imperial family, 39; + kwazokii, or nobles, 3,204; shizoku, or knights, 1,931,824; common + people, 34,765,051. Tokio, formerly known as Jeddo, or Yedo, is the + capital; pop., 823,557.</p> + <p>The government is an absolute monarchy. The title of the sovereign is + Supreme Lord, or Emperor (Mikado).</p> + <p>Agriculture is followed to a great extent. The chief annual + agricultural products are: rice, 155,629,409 bu.; wheat, 62,049,940 bu.; + beans, 10,795,717 bu. The annual value of silk production is $20,500,000. + The principal manufactures are silk and cotton goods, japanned ware, + porcelain and bronze. The value of the exports, 1883, was $35,609,000; of + imports, $28,548,000.</p> + <p>A law went into effect in 1874, by which the government gives nine + bushels of rice annually to each person over seventy or under fifteen + years of age unable to work, and to foundlings until they reach the age + of thirteen. Latest reports place the number of paupers at 10,050, and + expenditures at $88,975.</p> + <p>School attendance is compulsory. There are 30,275 schools in the + empire, of which 71 are normal, 98 are technical, and 2 are universities; + also, a military college and military school, with 1,200 students. Latest + reports give 82,213 teachers and 2,703,343 pupils. School age is from 6 + to 14. Total number of school age, 5,750,946. Public libraries, 21. + Shintoism is the ancient religious faith; but Buddhism is the religion of + nearly all the common people.</p> + <p>The first railroad in the empire was opened June, 1875; it extended + from Hiogo to Osaka, twenty-five miles. At the end of June, 1884, there + were 236 miles of railway in the empire. There are 4,880 miles of + telegraph, with 13,144 miles of wire. Postoffices were first established + in 1871, and now number about 5,200.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">CHINESE EMPIRE.</span></p> + <p>An immense empire of Eastern Asia; in territorial extent, the second + in the world; in population, the largest. Area, 4,419,150 square miles. + Pop., 371,180,000.</p> + <p>Longest rivers: Yang-tse-kiang, 3,320 miles; with basin, 950,000 sq. + miles. Hoang-ho, 2,800 miles; with basin, 715,000 sq. miles.</p> + <p>Capital Pekin; pop., 500,000. Twenty-three cities have more than + 100,000 population; and 66, more than 50,000.</p> + <p>The state religion has no outward ceremonial, except a few symbolical + rites observed at New Year. It consists in the study of the teachings of + Confucius and Lao-tse. The majority of the people are Buddhists. + Education is almost universal, there being few adults unable to read and + write. The Chinese have had newspapers at least ten centuries.</p> + <p>Value of imports, 1883, $103,071,415; exports, $98,349,895. The chief + imports were: opium, valued at $35,510,260; and cotton goods, valued at + $30,888,465. Chief exports: tea,—value, $45,077,135; and silk, + chiefly raw, $33,537,990. The coal fields of China are among the first in + the world; about 3,000,000 tons are mined each year. The mines at + Kai-p'ing, in 1883, produced 600 tons per day.</p> + <p>In June, 1876, a railway of twenty miles, between Shanghai and + Woosung, was opened for traffic; but the following year it was purchased + by the Chinese authorities, and closed. There are 20,000 Imperial roads + in the empire. In 1884 there were 3,089 miles of telegraph line, with + 5,482 miles of wire. <!-- Page 39 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page39"></a>{39}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_China_Japan_etc.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_China_Japan_etc.jpg" + alt="Map of China Japan etc." title="Map of China Japan etc." /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 40 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page40"></a>{40}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ANAM.</span><span class="gap"></span>An`nam´.</p> + <p>An empire of Indo-China under the protectorate of France. Area, + 198,043 square miles. Population, 12,000,000. Drained by many rivers. In + January, temperature 41° throughout the north; in southern part of Cochin + China, mean annual temperature is 83°. The elephant, panther and tiger + found in the forests of Anam.</p> + <p>Inhabitants essentially agricultural. Country rich in metals. + Government is an absolute monarchy. Social equality exists among + citizens. Buddhism and doctrines of Confucius are dominant. Hue is the + capital; pop., 100,000.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BURMA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Bur´mah.</p> + <p>As a result of the late war with Great Britain, Burma was on Jan. 1, + 1886, declared a part of the British Empire. The government is now + administered by the Governor General of India, though the country is not + yet incorporated with the Indian Empire. The late government was a + despotism, dependent on the will of the King. The area is 190,500 square + miles. Population estimated to be about 3,000,000. Capital, Mandalay; + population, 70,000. Bhamo, on the Chinese frontier, is an important town. + Education is in the hands of the priests, but is very general. Buddhism + is the prevailing religion.</p> + <p>The country is not so fertile as British Burma; but wheat, corn, rice, + pulse, indigo, cotton, tobacco, and a large variety of fruits are grown. + The forests produce valuable timber trees in great variety. Minerals + abound, but are not generally worked. Petroleum, however, is quite + largely produced. Burma possessing no seacoast, the foreign trade is + inconsiderable.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SIAM.</span><span class="gap"></span>Sī-am´.</p> + <p>A kingdom of Southeastern Asia, divided into 41 Provinces. The + government is an absolute monarchy. Area and population are but + imperfectly known; foreign estimates place the former at 280,564 square + miles, and the population at about 5,750,000. Prevailing religion, + Buddhism. Siam has no public debt. Capital, Bangkok; population, 600,000. + There is a small standing army, and a general armament of the people in + form of a militia.</p> + <p>Though much of the land is fertile, it is badly cultivated. Chief + products, rice, gums, teak, sandalwood, rosewood, spices and fruits. + Foreign commerce centres at Bangkok. Total value of exports from there in + 1883, $8,525,655; imports, $4,783,570. Commercial marine numbers 44 + sailing vessels and 1 steam vessel. In 1883, 884 vessels, of 185,612 + tons, cleared the port of Bangkok.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MALAY.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ma-lā´.</p> + <p>A peninsula of Asia; the southernmost point of the continent.</p> + <p>Area about 70,000 square miles. Estimated population, 650,000. Less + known of the interior than of any other point in Asia. Surface very + uneven. Climate is moist and hot: temperature on the Makran coast and in + Persian Gulf, 110°; and at times, 125°. Out of 365 days, 190 are rainy; + rainfall from 100 to 130 inches.</p> + <p>Politically, Malay consists of the Straits Settlements of Great + Britain, 6 Provinces of Siam, and a number of small Malay States, either + tributary to or in treaty with the above powers. The Straits Settlements + comprise the Islands of Singapore and Penang and the territories of + Malacca and Province of Wellesley. Area, 1,445 square miles; pop., + 423,384. <!-- Page 41 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page41"></a>{41}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">COREA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ko-ree´a.</p> + <p>A kingdom of Eastern Asia. Area estimated at 82,000 square miles. + Population, 16,227,885. Climate variable, on account of the unevenness of + the country; the thermometer at times registers 15° below zero.</p> + <p>The history of Corea dates back to 1120, when the Chinese gained + possession of it. Seems first to have been subjugated by the Tartars. + Japanese ruled it between 1692 and 1698, when it reverted to China. The + country pays an annual tribute of 800 ounces of silver to the Chinese + Emperor. The King of Corea is an absolute despot. Capital, Seoul; pop., + 199,127.</p> + <p>Minerals are said to abound in the peninsula; but the low state of + civilization in the country will not admit of their development. The + country is mountainous, and the cultivable portion small; principal crops + are rice, millet, beans and jute.</p> + <p>Value of imports, 1881, $1,944,735; exports, $1,882,650. Principal + exports, ginseng, hides, rice and silk. Wheeled vehicles are unknown, and + there are no bridges over the many streams. Doctrine of Confucius the + established creed.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">HONG KONG.</span></p> + <p>A colony of Great Britain, formerly a part of China. It consists of + the Island of Hong Kong, ceded to Great Britain in 1841, and the opposite + peninsula of Kow-loon, ceded to Great Britain, 1861. The government is + administered by a Governor, aided by an Executive Council. There is also + a Legislative Council. The chief city is Victoria. In 1883 the government + sustained 87 schools, with 5,597 pupils. The total population of Hong + Kong is 160,420, of whom but 7,990 are white persons.</p> + <p>Hong Kong forms the centre of trade for many different kinds of goods. + Its commerce is virtually a part of that of China, and is chiefly carried + on with Great Britain, the United States and Germany. Of the exports and + imports only mercantile estimates are known; these place the former at + about $10,000,000, and the latter at $20,000,000. The tea and silk trade + of China is largely in the hands of Hong Kong firms. In 1882, 28,668 + vessels, of 4,976,233 tons, entered the ports of Hong Kong.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ARABIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>A-ra´be-a.</p> + <p>A peninsula of Asia. Area, 1,000,000 square miles; length, 1,200 + miles; breadth, 900 miles. Sandy desert comprises most of the country; + fertile regions are shores of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Seacoast, + 1,200 miles in length. Heat intense: rainfall light.</p> + <p>Population variously estimated from 8,500,000 to 15,000,000. Claims + descent from Ishmael; nomadic habits; Mohammedans in belief.</p> + <p>The pearl fisheries, which are of great commercial importance, begin + at the Bahrein Islands, and extend southeast along the Persian Gulf, a + distance of nearly 200 miles. The yearly produce is estimated to be + worth, over $1,250,000.</p> + <p>Coffee, probably indigenous, chief article of export. Wheat, barley, + beans, millet, dates and lentils form food of the natives. Rivers + unimportant.</p> + <p>Arabia was never subject to one sovereign. Inhabitants broken up into + petty tribes, each ruled by its own chief. <!-- Page 42 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page42"></a>{42}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">INDIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>In´de-a.</p> + <p>An empire of Asia, divided into British territory and feudatory + states, acknowledging sovereignty of Great Britain. Richest and most + populous dependency of the English Crown. Area, 1,383,504 square miles. + Population, 253,906,449.</p> + <p>Government is entrusted to Secretary of State for India; he is aided + by a Council of 15 members. Executive authority vested in Governor + General, appointed by the British Crown, and a Council of 7 members. + Salary of Governor General, $125,000 per year.</p> + <p>Population dense. The density varies from 441 per square mile to 43; + the average for all India being 184. Agriculture backward. Means of + transportation poor but improving. Eight famines have visited India, and + decimated the population of various Provinces. Soil is productive; rice, + corn, millet, barley and wheat are grown; cotton, indigo, opium and sugar + cane are largely exported.</p> + <p>Large quantities of bullion are imported for the manufacture of + ornaments. In 1884, imports of gold, $27,347,280; silver, $37,042,530. + Leading imports, 1883-84: cotton manufactures, $125,584,245; metals, + $25,909,250; machinery, $8,955,740. Chief exports: raw cotton, + $71,806,605; opium, $56,472,300; seeds, $50,450,990; wheat, $44,399,155; + rice, $41,816,400. Total imports, 1884, $318,007,480; exports, + $445,006,975.</p> + <p>Capital, Calcutta; population, 871,504; 60 towns of over 50,000 + inhabitants. Over 19 dialects and languages spoken in the empire.</p> + <p>Number vessels entered Indian ports, 1884, 5,812; cleared, 5,850; + number steamships entered by Suez Canal, 1,091; number vessels engaged in + interportal trade, 103,503. Miles of railway, 1854, 21; in 1885 there + were 10,832; unfinished, 1,823. Miles of telegraph, 21,740; messages, + 1,799,179.</p> + <p>Education progressing. Schools, 109,212; scholars, 2,790,783; + universities, 3; governmental schools, 15,845; commission of + investigation appointed in 1883.</p> + <p>European and native army, 190,476 men. Native states have an army of + 349,835 men; 4,237 guns.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">CEYLON.</span><span class="gap"></span>See-lon´.</p> + <p>An island situated in the Indian Ocean, southeast of India. Area, + 25,364 square miles; length, 260 miles; average breadth, 100 miles. + Climate much pleasanter than that of Southern India. Ceylon was first + settled in 1505; formed into a separate colony in 1798; fell under + British rule in 1815.</p> + <p>By the constitution of 1831 and 1833, government is administered by a + Governor, with an Executive Council and a Legislative Council. Minerals + abound; precious stones are often found; pearl fisheries of western coast + are famous. Bread-fruit, cinnamon, pepper, rice, cotton and tobacco are + among the chief products of the soil.</p> + <p>Principal exports in 1883: coffee (the least since 1853), valued at + $6,338,155; tea, $430,000; cinchona bark, $2,105,000; cocoanut oil, + $2,030,000. Total exports in 1883, $16,654,500; imports, $22,643,335.</p> + <p>There were 164 miles of railway open for traffic in 1884; 16 miles in + course of construction. Miles of telegraph were 989.</p> + <p>Estimated population, 1884, 2,822,009; 1,698,070 Buddhists, 493,630 + Hindoos, 197,775 Mohammedans, and 147,977 Christians. The Europeans + numbered about 5,000, of whom 4,000 were English. There were 1,703 + schools, with nominal attendance of 102,109 pupils.</p> + <p>Colombo is the capital; pop., 111,942. <!-- Page 43 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page43"></a>{43}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_India_Ceylon.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_India_Ceylon.jpg" + alt="Map of India and Ceylon" title="Map of India and Ceylon" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 44 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page44"></a>{44}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">PERSIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Per´she-a.</p> + <p>A kingdom of Western Asia. Area, 610,000 square miles. Population, + 7,653,600. Temperature ranges from 10° to 110°; winters severe in central + territory; summers hot and dry.</p> + <p>The government is an unlimited despotism. The Koran is law, the Shah + being looked upon as the vicegerent of the prophet. Persia has no + national debt. Persian army numbers 105,500 men on war basis; peace + footing, 30,000.</p> + <p>Soil, in some of the extensive valleys, very fertile. Wheat and other + cereals, cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco and opium yield well; silk is an + important product of the country. Fruit trees and vegetables flourish. + Mineral resources undeveloped. Diamonds have been taken from mines in + Khorasan for centuries. Pearl fisheries of the Persian Gulf the most + extensive in the world.</p> + <p>Commerce centres at Tabriz. Bushire and Lingah principal ports. + Imports, by Lingah and Bushire, in 1883, $5,724,665. Exports, by same + ports, $3,071,705; opium, $1,403,415; grain and pulse, $342,250. System + of telegraph in the hands of Europeans; miles of line, 3,647; of wire, + 5,947; offices, 78. Mail service from Julfa to Tabriz and Teheran, thence + to Resht, established in 1877.</p> + <p>Capital, Teheran; pop., 100,000. Of total population, 1,963,800 live + in cities, 1,909,800 are nomadic tribes, 3,780,000 inhabit country + districts and villages. Education among the upper classes advanced; many + colleges are sustained by government.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">AFGHANISTAN.</span><span class="gap"></span>Af-gan`is-tan´.</p> + <p>Name given to plateau on northwest frontier of India. Estimated area, + 278,000 square miles. Temperature at Ghazni, 10° to 15° below zero; at + Kandahar, heat in summer reaches 120°. No other country of equal area has + such diversities of climate. Distinguished for the mountain passes, + through which India has been frequently invaded.</p> + <p>Government is a despotism. Capital, Kabul. Population, 2,500,000, + consisting of numerous warlike clans. The Amir is a military dictator, + with a yearly revenue of $2,000,000, and a subsidy of $600,000 from + India. Two-thirds of inhabitants Mohammedans.</p> + <p>Agricultural and pastoral pursuits the chief industries of the people; + wheat the most important crop; rice, barley and millet grown. On + terraces, 6,000 and 7,000 feet high, all the vegetables and fruits of + Europe grow; in the south, sugar cane and date palm.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BELUCHISTAN.</span><span class="gap"></span>Bel-oo`chis-tan´.</p> + <p>A country of Asia lying east of Persia. Area, 140,000 square miles. + Population, 1,000,000. Climate diverse; in higher parts, extremely cold; + in valleys, heat is oppressive. Deficiency of water throughout the whole + country. Surface rugged and barren.</p> + <p>The soil is unproductive, but has been cultivated until it supplies + the natives with necessaries. Fruits and vegetables flourish near the + towns.</p> + <p>The only exports are horses, grain and dates. Imports: Indian silk, + cotton goods, rice, sugar, spices, and dye stuffs in small + quantities.</p> + <p>The government is a despotism. Khan has unlimited power over life, + person and property; resides at Kelat, the capital, a city with a + population of 10,000. Inhabitants divided into many tribes, ruled by + chiefs. <!-- Page 45 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page45"></a>{45}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Persia_Afghanistan.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Persia_Afghanistan.jpg" + alt="Map of Persia Afghanistan and Beluchistan" title="Map of Persia Afghanistan and Beluchistan" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 46 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page46"></a>{46}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">AFRICA.</span></p> + <p>A large insular continent lying south of Europe, from which it is + separated by the Mediterranean. Area, 11,512,480 square miles; extreme + length, 4,330 miles; extreme breadth, 4,000 miles; coast line, only about + 16,000 miles, there being few indentations, and a lack of good + harbors.</p> +<h3>PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES.</h3> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb vmi"> Name. </td><td class="ac ba"> Area,<br /> +Sq. Mls. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Population. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Capitals. </td><td class="ac bb vmi"> Pop. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Abyssinia </td><td class="ar br"> 200,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 3,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Gondar </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Algeria </td><td class="ar br"> 161,476 </td><td class="ar br"> 3,310,412 </td><td class="br"> Algiers </td><td class="ar"> 70,747</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Cape Colony </td><td class="ar br"> 229,815 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,027,168 </td><td class="br"> Cape Town </td><td class="ar"> 33,239</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Congo Free State </td><td class="ar br"> 1,056,200 </td><td class="ar br"> 27,000,000 </td><td class="br"> </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Egypt </td><td class="ar br"> 394,240 </td><td class="ar br"> 6,806,381 </td><td class="br"> Cairo </td><td class="ar"> 368,108</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Liberia </td><td class="ar br"> 14,300 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,068,000 </td><td class="br"> Monrovia </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Madagascar </td><td class="ar br"> 228,500 </td><td class="ar br"> 3,500,000 </td><td class="br"> Tananarivo </td><td class="ar"> 100,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Morocco </td><td class="ar br"> 219,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 5,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Marocco </td><td class="ar"> 50,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Mozambique </td><td class="ar br"> 38,000 </td><td class="ar br"> ? 300,000 </td><td class="br"> Mozambique </td><td class="ar"> ? 35,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Natal </td><td class="ar br"> 21,150 </td><td class="ar br"> 416,219 </td><td class="br"> Pietermaritzburg</td><td class="ar"> 14,231</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Nubia </td><td class="ar br"> ? 35,000 </td><td class="ar br"> ? 400,000 </td><td class="br"> Dongola </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Orange River Free State</td><td class="ar br"> 70,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 133,518 </td><td class="br"> Bloemfontein </td><td class="ar"> 2,567</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Transvaal </td><td class="ar br"> 114,360 </td><td class="ar br"> 750,000 </td><td class="br"> Pretoria </td><td class="ar"> 4,440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Tunis </td><td class="ar br"> 42,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,100,000 </td><td class="br"> Tunis </td><td class="ar"> 120,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Zanzibar </td><td class="ar br"> 625 </td><td class="ar br"> 300,000 </td><td class="br"> Zanzibar </td><td class="ar"> 90,000</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LENGTHS OF RIVERS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:30em;"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> Miles. </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> Miles.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Congo </td><td class="ar br"> 2,400 </td><td> Orange </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Niger </td><td class="ar br"> 2,900 </td><td> Senegal </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nile </td><td class="ar br"> 5,100 </td><td> Zambesi </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LATEST REPORTED EXPORTS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:30em;"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cape Colony: </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> Madeira:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Ostrich Feathers</td><td class="ar br"> $4,656,900 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Wine </td><td class="ar"> $525,740</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Angora Hair </td><td class="ar br"> 1,359,020 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Sugar </td><td class="ar"> 165,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Diamonds </td><td class="ar br"> 13,712,350 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Bananas </td><td class="ar"> 9,680</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Copper </td><td class="ar br"> 2,270,565 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Pineapples </td><td class="ar"> 2,110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ptl"> Marocco: </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td class="ptl"> Sierra Leone:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Almonds </td><td class="ar br"> $394,000 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Cola Nuts </td><td class="ar"> 819,175 lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Cattle </td><td class="ar br"> 393,880 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Gum Copal </td><td class="ar"> 452,196 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Dates </td><td class="ar br"> 27,480 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Palm Oil </td><td class="ar"> 250,730 gals.</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Eggs </td><td class="ar br"> 156,210 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Palm Kernels</td><td class="ar"> 21,624,681 lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Gums </td><td class="ar br"> 244,885 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Ginger </td><td class="ar"> 1,277,635 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Shoes </td><td class="ar br"> 527,420 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Rubber </td><td class="ar"> 1,084,219 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="ptl"> Liberia: </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td class="ptl"> Egypt:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Ivory </td><td class="ar br"> 1,116 lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span></td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Cotton </td><td class="ar"> $37,328,905</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Coffee </td><td class="ar br"> 250,136 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Rice </td><td class="ar"> 606,785</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Rubber </td><td class="ar br"> 133,119 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Sugar </td><td class="ar"> 1,971,590</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Palm Oil </td><td class="ar br"> 1,100,222 gals. </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Cottonseed </td><td class="ar"> 8,482,670</td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 47 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page47"></a>{47}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Africa.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Africa.jpg" + alt="Map of Africa" title="Map of Africa" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 48 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page48"></a>{48}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MAROCCO.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ma-rok´ko.</p> + <p>An empire of Africa, formerly the largest of the Barbary States. Area, + 219,000 square miles. Population, 5,000,000. Atlas Mountains cross the + country; rivers few and small. Atlantic coast line, 750 miles long; + Mediterranean, 250 miles.</p> + <p>The Sultan's authority is supreme in spiritual and temporal matters. + Estimated yearly revenue of Sultan, $2,500,000. Marocco has three + capitals: Fez (pop., 80,000) is the chief; Marocco, the old metropolis + (pop., 50,000); and Mequinez (pop., 56,000).</p> + <p>Both climate and soil are well suited to the production of wheat, + barley, corn and other grains; agriculture is neglected for pastoral + pursuits. Marocco supposed to be rich in minerals.</p> + <p>Foreigners control the maritime trade; Tangier is the main port; seven + others open to foreign commerce. Import of cotton, 1882, valued at + $3,401,130; sugar, $1,390,240; rice, flour, etc., $1,462,090. Exports, + 1882: wool, $1,116,850; shoes, $527,420; almonds, $394,000; cattle, + $393,880. In 1882, 1,050 vessels, of 314,794 tons, entered, and 1,047, of + 315,559 tons, cleared, the ports of Marocco.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ALGERIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Al-jee´re-a.</p> + <p>Situated in North Africa; the most important French colonial + possession. Area, about 161,476 square miles. Coast line, 550 miles. + Climate variable; mean annual temperature at Algiers, 66.5°.</p> + <p>Government of settled districts administered by a Governor General; + others under military rule. Civil government divided into three + departments, each of which sends 2 Deputies and 1 Senator to the French + Chambers. Algiers the capital; pop., 1881, 70,747. Total population of + Algeria, 1881, 3,310,412; French, 233,937.</p> + <p>Agriculture the principal industry; in 1881, 2,328,636 thus engaged. + In 1882, 40,000,000 acres in farms; 5,460,000 under cereals; wheat + product, 559,500 tons; barley, 790,000; number of acres devoted to vine + culture, 99,000. Olive oil manufactured in 1880, 574,000 gals. Yield of + tobacco, from 20,000 acres, 9,490,000 lbs. In 1882 there were 1,027,913 + cattle, 5,142,321 sheep, 3,056,660 goats.</p> + <p>Imports, 1883, $47,639,790; exports, $33,788,880. In 1883, 4,803 + vessels, of 1,954,423 tons, entered Algerian ports. Number miles railway, + 993. Miles of line of telegraph in 1882, 3,645. In 1881 there were 619 + students in the higher schools; number of secondary schools, 16; pupils, + 3,561; 916 infant and primary schools, with 79,201 pupils.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">TUNIS.</span><span class="gap"></span>Tu´niss.</p> + <p>A kingdom or regency of Africa, formerly one of the Barbary States; + since 1881 under the protectorate of France. The government is + practically administered by a Minister Resident and two Secretaries. The + area of the country is about 42,000 square miles, and the population is + estimated to number 2,100,000. Capital, Tunis; population variously + estimated from 100,000 to 120,000.</p> + <p>There are twelve ports open to foreign trade. The imports average + $5,500,000 per annum, and the exports $6,500,000. The principal articles + of export are wheat, barley, esparto grass (used in making paper), olive + oil, dates, wool and skins. Principal imports, manufactured goods, + liquors, sugar and flour.</p> + <p>In 1883, 3,768 vessels, of 1,524,429 tons, entered Tunisian ports; of + these 1,222, of 1,018,538 tons, were French. Tunis has about 200 miles of + railway, and 2,500 miles of telegraph. <!-- Page 49 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page49"></a>{49}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Marocco_Algeria_Tunis.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Marocco_Algeria_Tunis.jpg" + alt="Map of Marocco Algeria and Tunis" title="Map of Marocco Algeria and Tunis" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 50 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page50"></a>{50}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">EGYPT.</span><span class="gap"></span>E´jipt.</p> + <p>A dependency of Turkey, situated in North Africa. Estimated area, + 394,240 square miles. Population, 6,806,381. Territory covered by sandy + deserts, except where the annual inundations of the Nile render it + fertile. Rain falls once in three or four years. The agricultural + population forms 61 per cent. of the total.</p> + <p>Egypt is a Province of the Ottoman Empire; yet it is independent at + the same time, and its sovereignty is dependent on the will of stronger + powers, England being dominant. Absolute executive power is in the hands + of the Khedive, under the supervision of England. Provincial Councils and + a Legislative Council advise with the Khedive on matters purely local. + Cairo, capital; pop., 368,106.</p> + <p>Under the Pharaohs, Egypt was an agricultural country. It is + distinguished for the prominent part it played in ancient history, its + ruins, and situation with reference to the Suez Canal.</p> + <p>Commerce extensive, consists largely of goods in transit; carries on a + large trade with Central Africa. In 1883, imports, $42,984,880; exports, + $61,549,425. Principal export, cotton; value, 1883, $37,328,905.</p> + <p>The railway system, 1884, consisted of a single line, 1,276 miles + long. Miles of government telegraph, 1884, 2,767. Eastern telegraph + company have a line to Cairo, 455 miles in length.</p> + <p>Population of chief towns, 1882: Alexandria, 208,755; Damietta, + 34,046; Tantah, 33,735; Mansourah, 26,784; Zagazig, 19,046; Rosetta, + 16,671; Port Said, 16,560; Suez, 10,913.</p> + <p>The Nile is the only river in Egypt. The Suez Canal connects the + Mediterranean with the Red Sea; opened for navigation, November, 1869; + length, 100 miles; number of vessels passed through in 1883, 3,307, of + 8,106,001 tons; gross receipts, $13,227,530; net profits, $7,172,700. In + 1883, postoffice carried 9,587,000 letters.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NUBIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Nu´be-a.</p> + <p>A country of Eastern Africa. From 1821 to 1884 Nubia was under the + dominion of Egypt. Since the southern boundary of Egypt can not yet be + regarded as fixed, it is impossible to give trustworthy statistics of the + area and population of Nubia. The fertile part of the country lies + chiefly in the valley of the Nile. The climate is hot and dry, but + generally healthful. Chief products are barley, cotton, indigo, durrah, + dates, tobacco, senna and coffee. An extensive transit trade is carried + on with Egypt and interior Africa, in gold dust, ostrich feathers and + senna. The entire valley contains the remains of ancient buildings, the + most numerous lying below Dongola.</p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">ABYSSINIA, </td> +<td class="ac">(Ab-is-sin´e-a.)<br /> +or</td> +<td class="bighd">HABESH. </td></tr></table> + <p>An isolated country of Eastern Africa, consisting of three divisions, + Amhara, Tigre and Shoa. Tigre and Amhara constitute one kingdom, and Shoa + another; they are all divided into a great number of smaller provinces. + Gondar, in Amhara, is the capital of all Ethiopia. Capital of Shoa, + Ankobar; of Tigre, Adowa. Area about 200,000 square miles. Population + about 3,000,000. Drained by numerous rivers emptying into the Nile.</p> + <p>Lowland soil grows wheat, cotton, maize, rice, sugar cane and flax. No + foreign trade except exportation of small quantities of ivory, musk, + coffee and gold dust; manufactures limited. Inhabitants a mixture of many + races, warlike and uncivilized. <!-- Page 51 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page51"></a>{51}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Egypt_Nubia_Abyssinia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Egypt_Nubia_Abyssinia.jpg" + alt="Map of Egypt Nubia and Abyssinia" title="Map of Egypt Nubia and Abyssinia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 52 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page52"></a>{52}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MADAGASCAR.</span><span class="gap"></span>Mad`a-gas´kar.</p> + <p>The largest African island; the third largest in the world. Area, + 228,500 square miles. Population, 3,500,000. Near the centre of island, + within an arc of 90 miles, there are 100 extinct volcanoes. Mean yearly + temperature about 77°.</p> + <p>Government is an absolute monarchy, limited by powerful customs. The + island has been swayed by the dynasty of the Hovas since 1810. Since the + treaty of Tamatave, March 17, 1886, the country has been under the + protectorate of France. Commercial and diplomatic relations established + between the island and United States, Great Britain and France, in this + century, previous to 1868. Capital, Tananarivo; population estimated at + 100,000.</p> + <p>Soil generally fertile; forests of valuable timber abound. Chief + products are rice, sugar, silk, cotton, bananas, potatoes, India rubber. + Stock raising and agriculture are the main industries. Chief exports are + cattle, hides, coffee, lard, sugar, vanilla, wax, gum, rice and seeds; + principal imports are metal goods, rum and cotton goods. Silver + five-franc piece the only legal coin; franc is cut into pieces for + smaller coins. Tamatave principal port; pop., 6,000; number of ships + entering her harbor during last six months of 1882, 116. In the same time + the value of imports at Tamatave from the United States was $207,410; + value of exports to United States, $257,485.</p> + <p>Standing army, 20,000. Three-fourths of people Pagans. Christianity + the state religion. Education is compulsory; 1,167 schools, with 150,906 + pupils, in Imerina, the chief Province.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MOZAMBIQUE.</span><span class="gap"></span>Mo-zam-beek´.</p> + <p>A colonial possession of Portugal on the east coast of Africa. Area, + 38,000 square miles. A few settlements and military posts exercise feeble + authority over the inhabitants. The climate is genial, and the soil + capable of producing wheat, maize, tobacco, cotton and sugar cane. The + chief towns are: St. Sebastian (pop., 1,510), Ibo (pop. about 2,000), + Sofala (pop. 2,000), and St. Thiajo Major. The forests abound in valuable + timber trees; pearl fisheries are important, and the mineral deposits are + of exceptional value. The gold mines of Mauica are supposed to be the + richest in East Africa. Ivory is obtained in large quantities for the + Indian market; annual value about $350,000. Other exports are India + rubber, gums, oil, beeswax and corn. Shipping trade is carried on by + about 400 vessels. The capital is Mozambique.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ZANZIBAR.</span><span class="gap"></span>Zan`ze-bar´.</p> + <p>An empire of Eastern Africa, consisting of the Island of Zanzibar, and + settlements along the coast from Cape Delgado as far as 3° north + latitude. The limits of the Sultan's dominions inland are not known; but, + beyond a few travel routes, his authority extends but a little way from + the coast. The island has an area of 625 square miles, and a population + variously estimated from 150,000 to 300,000. Population of the town of + Zanzibar, 90,000; of Bagamoyo, on the opposite mainland, 10,000.</p> + <p>The religion of the country is Mohammedanism. Christian missions are + established on the island and far into the mainland. Value of imports, + 1882, $4,000,000; exports, $5,000,000. The exports are ivory, cloves, + India rubber and gum. In 1882, 85 vessels, of 89,773 tons, entered the + ports. The imports are chiefly cotton cloths, rice, cereals, kerosene oil + and guns. <!-- Page 53 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page53"></a>{53}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Madagascar_Southeast_Africa.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Madagascar_Southeast_Africa.jpg" + alt="Map of Madagascar and Southeast Africa" title="Map of Madagascar and Southeast Africa" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 54 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page54"></a>{54}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">CAPE COLONY.</span></p> + <p>A colony in South Africa, originally founded by the Dutch, in 1652. + Since 1806 controlled by Great Britain. Climate generally dry and + salubrious. At Cape of Good Hope, mean annual temperature is placed at + about 62°. Average rainfall per year, 24 inches. Total area of Cape + Colony, 229,815 square miles. Estimated population, 1,027,168. Capital, + Cape Town; pop., 33,239.</p> + <p>The government is administered by a Governor, an Executive and a + Legislative Council and House of Assembly. Colonists are employed in + agricultural and pastoral pursuits. Ostrich breeding is successfully + carried on. Sheep farms often comprise from 8,000 to 15,000 acres and + upward. Total cultivated area in 1875, 580,000 acres. Vines occupied + 18,000 acres, yielding 4,484,665 gallons of wine. The colony had, in + 1875, 1,111,713 head of cattle, 10,976,663 sheep, and 3,065,202 goats. + The principal exports from the colony in 1883 were: wool, valued at + $8,015,700; ostrich feathers, $4,656,900; grease wool, $1,948,025; hides + and skins, $2,180,250; copper ore, $2,270,565; Angora hair, $1,359,020; + diamonds, $13,712,350. Total exports in 1883 valued at $22,044,490; total + imports, $32,351,955.</p> + <p>Vast majority of the population members of Dutch Reformed church, the + Episcopalian ranking next in number. Cape Colony has 1 university and 5 + colleges; education not compulsory; 71 per cent. of children who have + attained school age are in school.</p> + <p>Army in 1883 consisted of 1,614 officers and men. By a law of 1878, + every able-bodied colonist between 18 and 50 years is liable to military + service beyond, as well as within, colonial limits. In 1884 the total + length of government railway was 1,213 miles; telegraph, 4,031 miles.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ORANGE RIVER FREE STATE.</span></p> + <p>An independent republic of South Africa. Founded by Boers from Cape + Colony, in 1836; constitution proclaimed 1854. Area, 70,000 square miles. + Population, 133,518: colored or native, 72,496; whites, 61,022. Annual + amount devoted to education, $1,000,000. Capital, Bloemfontein; pop., + 2,567.</p> + <p>Law-making power vested in a popular Assembly of 55 members; + executive, in President, elected for 5 years. Climate salubrious. + Agricultural and pastoral pursuits the chief industries. In 1881 there + were 6,000 farms; total number of acres, 23,592,400; cultivated, 114,916; + number of horses, 131,594; 5,056,301 merino sheep, 673,924 goats; + ostriches, 2,253. There are many rich coal mines. Diamonds and other + precious stones are found. Miles of telegraph in operation, 559</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NATAL.</span><span class="gap"></span>Na-tal´.</p> + <p>Previous to 1856, Natal formed part of Cape Colony; in that year it + was erected into a separate colony under Great Britain. The government is + administered by a Governor, an Executive Council, and a Legislative + Council. Estimated area, 21,150 square miles. Pop., 1881, 416,210; white, + 28,463; native, 329,253; coolies, 20,196. Principal town, Durban; pop., + 16,630. Capital, Pietermaritzburg; pop., 14,231.</p> + <p>Value of imports, 1883, $8,755,535; exports, $4,158,735. Principal + exports: hides, $255,040; ostrich feathers, $72,530; unrefined sugar, + $610,420; wool, $2,595,805. Principal imports are manufactured goods and + flour. In 1883, 328 vessels, of 232,097 tons, entered, and 326, of + 231,892 tons, cleared, the ports. There are 105 miles of railway built, + and 120 under construction. <!-- Page 55 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page55"></a>{55}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Cape_Colony_Natal_etc.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Cape_Colony_Natal_etc.jpg" + alt="Map of Cape Colony Natal etc." title="Map of Cape Colony Natal etc." /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 56 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page56"></a>{56}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">TRANSVAAL.</span><span class="gap"></span>Trans-val´.</p> + <p>A South African republic founded by Boers who left Cape Colony in 1835 + for Natal, quitted the latter country on its annexation to Great Britain, + and settled in the territory north of the Vaal river. Recognized as an + independent state in 1852. Executive authority is in the hands of a + President, assisted by a Council of 4 members; legislative vested in a + Volksraad of 44 members. Area of republic, 114,360 square miles. + Population estimated, 1884, at 50,000 whites, of whom 40,000 are Dutch, + and about 700,000 natives. Chief city, Pretoria; population, 4,440.</p> + <p>The country is favorable for agriculture and stock raising. Chief + crop, wheat; sugar, coffee and cotton are grown. Cattle, sheep and + ostriches are reared. There is a great deal of mineral wealth, which has + been but little developed. The yearly exports are valued at $3,000,000, + and are principally grain, cattle, hides, wool, ostrich feathers, butter, + ivory, gold and other minerals.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">LIBERIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Li-bee´re-a.</p> + <p>A republic of South Africa, founded in 1820 as a colony by the + American Colonization Society in behalf of liberated slaves from the + United States. Liberia was declared an independent state in 1847. The + government is modeled after that of the United States. The republic has + 600 miles of coast line, and extends inland about 100 miles; area, 14,300 + square miles. The population is wholly African, and numbers 18,000 + Americo-Liberians and 1,050,000 aborigines. Capital, Monrovia; + population, 3,000. The Liberians have established churches and schools, + and possess a number of printing presses. The climate, which is still + fatal to Europeans, has been much improved by systematic drainage.</p> + <p>The country is well watered, and the natural resources are very great. + Cotton and coffee are both indigenous, the former yielding two crops per + year. The oil palm is abundant, palm oil, ivory, India rubber and nuts + being the chief exports.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">CONGO FREE STATE.</span></p> + <p>The Act defining and constituting the Congo Free State was signed by + the International Congo Conference at Berlin, February 26, 1885. The area + of the State is estimated at 1,056,200 square miles, with a population of + 27,000,000. While the Congo state is under the sovereignty of the King of + Belgium, the latter country or government has no power or responsibility + in relation to it. The state is divided into four Provinces,—the + Lower Congo, the Upper Congo, Livingstone Falls and the Pool, and the + district between the Pool and Equator. The government is in the hands of + an Administrator General, under whom are a number of white subordinates, + chiefs of Provinces and other officials.</p> + <p>Free commerce, in its widest sense, has been established in the basin + of the Congo, and for a distance of 360 miles along the Atlantic. In this + territory, no import duties can be levied for twenty years, and the + Powers reserve the right to decide if freedom of entry shall be + maintained beyond that period. The principal articles for export are said + to be palm oil, ivory, rubber, gum copal, ground nuts, orchilla weed and + cam-wood; principal imports are textiles, spirits, tobacco, guns and + powder. <!-- Page 57 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page57"></a>{57}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Congo_West_Coast_of_Africa.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Congo_West_Coast_of_Africa.jpg" + alt="Map of Congo Free State and West Coast of Africa" title="Map of Congo Free State and West Coast of Africa" /></a> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 58 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page58"></a>{58}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Northwest_Coast_of_Africa.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Northwest_Coast_of_Africa.jpg" + alt="Map of Northwest Coast of Africa" title="Map of Northwest Coast of Africa" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 59 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page59"></a>{59}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">OCEANIA.</span></p> + <p>A fifth division of the globe, comprising island groups and the large + islands of the Pacific. The divisions are Australasia, Malaysia and + Polynesia.</p> + <p>Australasia extends from equator to 47° south latitude, and from 112° + to about 170° east longitude. It includes Australia, Papua, New Zealand + and Tasmania.</p> + <p>Malaysia comprises the islands and groups lying just off the coast of + Southeastern Asia, and contains the large islands of Luzon, Mindanao, + Celebes, Java, Sumatra and Borneo.</p> + <p>Polynesia includes Islands and island groups between Philippines and + 100° west longitude. Among the most important groups are Caroline, + Feejee, Friendly, Gilbert, Hawaiian, Marshall and Society Islands.</p> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="br bb"> </td><td class="ac ba"> Area Sq.<br /> +Miles. </td><td class="ac ba"> Pop. </td><td class="ac ba"> Capital. </td><td class="ac bb"> Pop. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> New South Wales </td><td class="ar br"> 316,320 </td><td class="ar br"> 840,614 </td><td class="br"> Sydney </td><td class="ar"> 220,427</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> New Zealand </td><td class="ar br"> 105,342 </td><td class="ar br"> 532,000 </td><td class="br"> Wellington </td><td class="ar"> 20,563</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Queensland </td><td class="ar br"> 668,224 </td><td class="ar br"> 36,695 </td><td class="br"> Brisbane </td><td class="ar"> 36,109</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> South Australia </td><td class="ar br"> 903,690 </td><td class="ar br"> 293,509 </td><td class="br"> Adelaide </td><td class="ar"> 38,479</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Tasmania </td><td class="ar br"> 26,375 </td><td class="ar br"> 122,479 </td><td class="br"> Hobart </td><td class="ar"> 21,118</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Victoria </td><td class="ar br"> 87,884 </td><td class="ar br"> 915,948 </td><td class="br"> Melbourne </td><td class="ar"> 291,464</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> West Australia </td><td class="ar br"> 975,920 </td><td class="ar br"> 29,708 </td><td class="br"> Perth </td><td class="ar"> 5,044</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> <span class="gap"></span>Total Australasia </td><td class="ar ba"> 3,083,755 </td><td class="ar ba"> 2,770,953 </td><td class="br"> </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi"> Hawaiian Islands </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 6,667 </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 57,985 </td><td class="br"> Honolulu </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi"> Borneo </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 12,745 </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 2,183,974 </td><td class="br"> + <table><tr> + <td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$lbrace.png"><img src="images/$lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td> + <td>Brunai<br />Banjarmasin</td> + </tr></table> +</td><td class="ar"> 20,000<br /> +30,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi"> Celebes </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 71,791 </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 2,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Macassar </td><td class="ar"> 20,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi"> Java </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 50,848 </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 20,259,450 </td><td class="br"> Batavia </td><td class="ar"> 99,109</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi"> Mindanao </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 36,000 </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 732,802 </td><td class="br"> Selangan </td><td class="ar"> 10,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi"> Luzon </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 37,505 </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 4,450,191 </td><td class="br"> Manila </td><td class="ar"> 160,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br vmi"> Sumatra </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 177,000 </td><td class="ar br vmi"> 3,000,000 </td><td class="br"> + <table><tr> + <td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$lbrace.png"><img src="images/$lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td> + <td>Acheen<br />Padang</td> + </tr></table> +</td><td class="ar"> 45,000<br /> +10,000</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>AUSTRALASIA.—Crop Production, 1882.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:46em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Wheat </td><td class="ar br"> 81,763,098 bu. </td><td> Other cereals</td><td class="ar"> 889,789 <span class="gap" style="width:0.625em;"></span>bu.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oats </td><td class="ar br"> 16,430,205 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span> </td><td> Potatoes </td><td class="ar"> 346,834 tons.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Barley </td><td class="ar br"> 1,928,595 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span> </td><td> Hay </td><td class="ar"> 862,602 <span class="gap" style="width:0.75em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.75em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td> Maize </td><td class="ar br"> 5,611,903 <span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span>"<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span> </td><td> Wine </td><td class="ar"> 1,496,175 <span class="gap" style="width:0.125em;"></span>gals.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Gold produced 1881 </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>30,510,709</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Coin and bullion exported 1882<span class="gap" style="width:9.25em;"></span> </td><td class="ar"> 38,480,960</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Aggregate imports, 1882 </td><td class="ar"> 310,698,578</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Aggregate exports, 1882 </td><td class="ar"> 246,407,125</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.—Exports, 1881.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:46em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee </td><td class="ar br"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.75em;"></span>959,346 </td><td> Liquid Indigo </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:2.25em;"></span>8,256</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cordage </td><td class="ar br"> 137,031 </td><td> Rice </td><td class="ar"> 7,791</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hemp </td><td class="ar br"> 8,889,872 </td><td> Sugar </td><td class="ar"> 12,403,993</td></tr> +<tr><td> Indigo </td><td class="ar br"> 138,958 </td><td> Sapan-wood </td><td class="ar"> 58,230</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>SOCIETY ISLANDS, 1882.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:46em"> +<tr><td class="ac br scac w50" colspan="2"> IMPORTS. </td><td class="ac scac w50" colspan="2"> EXPORTS.</td></tr> +<tr><td> General Merchandise</td><td class="ar br"> $702,475 </td><td> Gen. Mdse. (re-exp'rt'd) </td><td class="ar"> $358,604</td></tr> +<tr><td rowspan="2"> Cotton, copra, mother-of-pearl<br /> +<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>shell and other produce +</td><td class="ar br"> +</td><td> Cotton, copra, mother-of-pearl shell, etc. +</td><td class="ar"> 516,583</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ar br"> 367,975 </td><td> Fire Wood & cocoanuts.</td><td class="ar"> 1,041</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap"></span>Total </td><td class="ar br bt"> $1,070,450 </td><td> <span class="gap"></span>Total </td><td class="ar bt"> $876,228</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, 1883—Domestic Exports.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:46em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Sugar </td><td class="ar br"> 114,107,155 lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span> </td><td> Rice </td><td class="ar"> 11,619,000 <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td> Molasses </td><td class="ar br"> 193,997 gals. </td><td> Coffee </td><td class="ar"> 16,057 <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span></td></tr> +<tr><td> Paddy </td><td class="ar br"> 1,368,705 lbs.<span class="gap" style="width:0.375em;"></span> </td><td> Bananas </td><td class="ar"> 44,902 bunches.</td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 60 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page60"></a>{60}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Oceania.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Oceania.jpg" + alt="Map of Oceania" title="Map of Oceania" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 61 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page61"></a>{61}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NETHERLANDS INDIES.</span></p> + <p>The Netherlands Indies are by far the most important colonial + possessions of the Netherlands. They cover all the Dutch possessions in + the East Indies, and include Java, Madura, Banca, Sumatra, Bingtang, + Billiton, Celebes, the Moluccas, Lombok Bali, and many smaller islands + and parts of New Guinea, Borneo and Timor. Area of the colonies estimated + at 636,329 square miles; population, 27,784,959. The superior + administration is in the hands of a Governor General, assisted by a + Council of 5 members.</p> + <p>The most important colony is Java, which politically includes the + neighboring island of Madura. Total area, 50,848 square miles; + population, 20,259,450. Java is governed under what is termed the culture + system, which was established in 1832.</p> + <p>The strength of the total army in 1883 was 30,421 men, of whom 15,032 + were Europeans, and 15,389 natives. There is a military academy near + Batavia, and attached to every battalion is a school for soldiers. The + navy, royal and colonial, consisted of 79 vessels and 5,029 men.</p> + <p>By far the larger part of the commerce of Dutch India is with the + Netherlands. The average value of the total imports for three years was + $62,500,000: exports, $75,000,000. About two-thirds of the imports were + from the Netherlands, and three-fourths of the exports were sent to that + country. The principal exports are sugar, coffee, rice, indigo and + tobacco. Latest reports give value of coffee exported, $13,086,790; + sugar, $19,625,470; indigo, $1,245,170; spices, $1,021,720; tobacco, + $6,457,680.</p> + <p>The Netherlands Indies had, in 1882, 3,682 miles of telegraph, with 84 + offices. Number of postoffices, 221. Java has now about 750 miles of + railway.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">HAWAII (SANDWICH ISLANDS).</span><span class="gap"></span>Ha-wi´ee.</p> + <p>A kingdom of Oceania, consisting of a group of 15 islands, of which 8 + are inhabited. The government is a limited monarchy. Hawaii is the + largest island; but Honolulu, the capital, is situated on the island of + Oahu. Population of Honolulu, 7,000. Area of the islands, 6,667 square + miles. At the last census, the population numbered 57,985: male, 34,103; + female, 23,882; native, 44,088; Chinese, 5,916; white, 4,561, of whom + 1,276 were Americans, 883 English, 436 Portuguese, 272 Germans, 81 + French; half-caste, 3,420.</p> + <p>To a great extent the islands are mountainous, and there are numerous + volcanoes, several of which are active. The volcano of Mauna Loa, on the + Island of Hawaii, is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world. + The soil is exceedingly fertile and productive. Chief products, sugar and + rice; but coffee, hides, bone, whale oil and wool are exported in + considerable quantities. Value of exports, 1883, $8,121,200; imports, + $5,624,240.</p> + <p>In 1883, 267 vessels, of 183,316 tons, entered, and 263 vessels, of + 189,494 tons, cleared the ports. Of the former, 195 vessels were + American. The islands own 64 vessels, of 15,588 tons. The islands of + Hawaii and Maui are provided with telegraphs, and have about 32 miles of + railway. Almost every house in Honolulu has its telephone.</p> + <p>There are numerous schools in the islands; the annual sum devoted to + public instruction is $95,850. The King is a member of the Church of + England; but all forms of religion are permitted and protected. <!-- Page + 62 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page62"></a>{62}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">AUSTRALASIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Aws-tral-ā´she-a.</p> + <p>Under this bead are grouped all the Australian colonies belonging to + Great Britain. They are seven in number, and geographically are comprised + in the continent of Australia and the islands of Tasmania and New Zealand + and part of New Guinea. Total area, 3,075,135 square miles. Population, + 1883, 3,091,897.</p> + <p>Each colony has a Governor, appointed by the Crown, in whom is vested + the executive power. The legislative power of each is vested in a + Parliament of two houses.</p> + <p>Minerals abound in all the colonies. The most extensive coal mines are + those of New South Wales, the product of which in 1884 was 2,521,457 + tons; value, $6,009,705. Gold product of the colony, 1883, 122,256 + ounces; value, $1,705,620. Coal product of New Zealand, 1883, 421,764 + tons. Gold discovered 1857. Value of total exports to March, 1884, + $203,535,370. In Queensland, tin, copper, lead and coal are mined. Value + of tin raised, 1883, $2,940,060. Gold discovered 1858. Product, 1882, + 230,090 oz.; value, $4,148,275. The chief mineral of South Australia is + copper, but valuable iron ores also exist. Value of copper and copper + ore, 1883, $1,876,625. Tasmania is rich in iron, tin and coal. Value of + tin exported, 1883, $1,882,230. Amount of gold produced, 46,577 oz.; + value, $882,210. In 1851 gold was discovered in Victoria. Total product + to 1883, 52,214,150 oz.; value, $1,044,283,000. Principal minerals of + Western Australia are copper, lead and coal.</p> + <p>Principal agricultural products of the colonies: Wheat product of New + South Wales, 1884, 4,345,437 bushels; corn, 4,538,604 bushels; sugar, + 35,220,640 lbs.; wine, 589,604 gallons. New Zealand—Wheat, + 9,827,136 bushels; oats, 9,231,339 bushels. Leading grain crop of + Queensland, corn. Yield of sugar, 1883, 73,534,000 lbs.; cotton, 70,020 + lbs. South Australia—Wheat, 14,649,230 bushels; wine, 430,520 + gallons. Principal products of Tasmania, grain, hops and fruit; value of + green and preserved fruits exported 1883, $881,120. Wheat product of + Victoria, 1884, 15,570,245 bushels; oats, 4,717,624 bushels; barley, + 1,069,803 bushels; potatoes, 161,088 tons; hay, 433,143 tons.</p> + <p>The following table shows the number of farm animals in the colonies + in 1884:</p> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb"> Colonies. </td><td class="ac ba"> Sheep. </td><td class="ac ba"> Cattle. </td><td class="ac ba"> Horses. </td><td class="ac bb"> Pigs. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> New South Wales </td><td class="ar br"> 34,000,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,646,753 </td><td class="ar br"> 326,964 </td><td class="ar"> 189,050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> New Zealand </td><td class="ar br"> 14,056,266 </td><td class="ar br"> 698,637 </td><td class="ar br"> 161,736 </td><td class="ar"> 200,083</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Queensland </td><td class="ar br"> 9,308,911 </td><td class="ar br"> 4,266,172 </td><td class="ar br"> 253,116 </td><td class="ar"> 51,796</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> South Australia </td><td class="ar br"> 6,677,067 </td><td class="ar br"> 319,620 </td><td class="ar br"> 184,360 </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Tasmania </td><td class="ar br"> 1,831,069 </td><td class="ar br"> 130,525 </td><td class="ar br"> 26,840 </td><td class="ar"> 55,774</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Victoria </td><td class="ar br"> 10,739,021 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,297,546 </td><td class="ar br"> 286,779 </td><td class="ar"> 233,525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Western Australia </td><td class="ar br"> 1,547,061 </td><td class="ar br"> 71,102 </td><td class="ar br"> 37,111 </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +</table> + <p>Value of total exports and imports of the colonies, 1883: New South + Wales—Exports, $99,430,090; imports, $104,800,785. New + Zealand—Exports, $35,479,995; imports, $39,870,190. + Queensland—Exports, $26,383,040; imports, $31,166,755. South + Australia—Exports, $24,417,305; imports, $31,550,275. + Tasmania—Exports, $8,657,995; imports, $9,163,185. + Victoria—Exports, $81,994,315; imports, $88,719,230. Western + Australia—Exports, $2,235,050; imports, $2,584,230.</p> + <p>In 1883, New South Wales had 1,320 miles of railway, and 597 under + construction; New Zealand, 1,486 miles; Queensland, 1,038 miles, and 454 + under construction; South Australia, 990.75 miles, and 225 under + construction; Tasmania, 167 miles, and 207 under construction; Victoria, + 1,562 miles, and 130 under construction; Western Australia, 55 miles, and + 68 under construction. <!-- Page 63 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page63"></a>{63}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Australasia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Australasia.jpg" + alt="Map of Australasia" title="Map of Australasia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 64 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page64"></a>{64}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NORTH AMERICA.</span></p> + <p>Northern and largest division of Western Continent, separated from + South America by Gulf of Mexico, and connected with it by Isthmus of + Panama.</p> + <p>Area, 8,918,346 square miles; extends from Arctic Ocean to about 8° + north latitude; extreme width, over 3,000 miles. Eastern coast line to + southern extremity of Mexico, about 13,000 miles; western, about 11,000 + miles. Has remarkable lake and river systems: the latter includes the + Mississippi and its tributaries, whose combined navigable length is about + 40,000 miles, and it is estimated that the great lakes contain a third of + all fresh waters on the globe. The political divisions are Greenland, + Iceland, Dominion of Canada, Newfoundland, United States, Central America + and Mexico.</p> + <p>Extent in latitude results in great variety of climate, while the Gulf + of Mexico and surrounding oceans furnish to most localities abundant + moisture.</p> + <p>Ottawa, capital of Dominion of Canada, and great lumber depot; pop., + 27,412; St. Johns, capital of Newfoundland, and easternmost seaport of + North America; pop., 22,583. Number lighthouses in United States, Canada + and Spanish America, 1,127.</p> + <p>Record of great fires: New York, 1835; loss $29,199,000. San + Francisco, 1851; loss, 2,500 blocks. Chicago, 1871; loss, $160,594,500. + Boston, 1872; loss, $72,997,500.</p> + <p>Rich soil and excellent tillage combine to produce abundant food + supply for home consumption and foreign export. Tobacco, cotton, woods, + dye-stuffs, grain, flour, meat, eggs and butter are among the supplies + exported. Value of grain crops, United States and Canada, $1,114,428,500. + Annual import of fruit in United States since 1871, 6 lbs. per + inhabitant.</p> + <p>Canada has 900,000,000 acres forest; income, $58,398,000. United + States, 560,000,000 acres; income, $374,720,500. Mexico and Central + America are rich in mahogany and dye-stuffs. Number acres forest felled + daily by United States wood-cutters, 10,000; annual consumption of + firewood, United States and Canada, 1,550,000,000 cubic feet; number + saw-mills, 1882, 15,740.</p> + <p>Nearly every variety of minerals abundant; iron widely diffused. + Copper especially plentiful in region of great lakes; gold and silver in + mountain regions of both sides of continent; lead abundant in central + United States; quicksilver, in California and Mexico, coal fields + numerous, and supply almost inexhaustible; salt also widely distributed. + Annual consumption of coal in United States and Canada, 72,000,000 tons; + gold production, 1830-1880, United States and Spanish America, 4,262 + tons.</p> + <p>Lakes and rivers well stocked with fish; coast fisheries productive + and profitable, especially on banks of Newfoundland, and along coasts of + Washington and Oregon. Newfoundland has a world-wide reputation for cod + fisheries, and seal fisheries rank next in importance. Average annual + catch of cod, about 1,500,000 quintals; number seals taken yearly, about + 600,000; of herring, about 175,000 bbls. Value fisheries of United States + and Canada, $16,546,100,000.</p> + <p>Population, over 60,000,000, Mexico numbering 10,046,872, and Canada, + 4,324,810.</p> + <p>Greenland and Iceland are Danish colonies. Canada and Newfoundland + belong to Great Britain. Executive power of Canada vested in the Governor + General, a representative of the Queen; legislative power exercised by a + Senate and House of Commons, each Province having its own Lieutenant + Governor and legislature. Public affairs of Newfoundland managed by + governor, executive council, and legislative assembly. <!-- Page 65 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page65"></a>{65}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_North_America.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_North_America.jpg" + alt="Map of North America" title="Map of North America" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 66 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page66"></a>{66}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ONTARIO.</span><span class="gap"></span>On-tā´re-o.</p> + <p>The most populous Province of the Dominion of Canada; established in + 1867. Previous to 1791 formed part of the Province of Quebec; from 1791 + to 1840 known as Upper Canada; in 1840 reunited with Quebec, under the + name of Canada.</p> + <p>Area, census of 1881, 101,733 square miles. Total land occupied, + 19,259,909 acres; improved, 11,294,109 acres, of which 8,370,266 acres + were under crops; 2,619,038 acres in pasture, and 304,805 acres in + gardens and orchards.</p> + <p>Temperature at Toronto: winter, 4.8° to 62.5°; summer, 38.7° to 92.7°; + mean temperature, 44.16°. Rainfall at Toronto, 28.43 inches.</p> + <p>The surface of the country is diversified by numerous lakes and + rivers. The agricultural resources are very great, and the mineral wealth + varied and rich.</p> + <p>Public affairs are administered by a Lieutenant Governor, assisted by + an Executive Council of 6, and a House of Assembly of 89 members. + Capital, Toronto; pop. 86,415. Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion; pop., + 27,412. Ontario sends 24 members to the Dominion Senate.</p> + <p>Agricultural products, 1881: wheat, 27,406,091 bushels; barley, + 14,279,841 bushels; oats, 40,209,929 bushels; rye, 1,598,871 bushels; + peas and beans, 9,434,872 bushels; buckwheat, 841,649 bushels; corn, + 8,096,782 bushels; potatoes, 18,994,559 bushels; turnips, 33,856,721 + bushels; other root crops, 6,479,222 bushels; hay, 2,038,659 tons; grass + and clover seed, 173,219 bushels; flaxseed, 38,208 bushels; tobacco, + 160,251 pounds; hops, 615,967 pounds.</p> + <p>Latest reported orchard products: apples, 11,400,517 bushels; grapes, + 3,697,555 pounds; other fruits, 644,707 bushels.</p> + <p>Amount of butter produced on farms, 54,862,365 pounds; cheese, + 1,701,721 pounds; wool, 6,013,216 pounds; cloth, flannel and linen, + 1,440,199 yards. Maple sugar produced 1881, 4,169,706 pounds; honey, + 1,197,628 pounds; flax and hemp, 1,073,197 pounds. Value of fur product, + $129,578.</p> + <p>Number of farm animals in the Province, 1881: horses, 590,298; oxen, + 23,263; milch cows and other cattle, 1,678,904; sheep, 1,359,178; swine, + 700,922.</p> + <p>Latest reported timber product: white pine, 12,262,570 cu. ft.; red + pine, 1,848,927 cu. ft.; oak, 5,448,263 cu. ft.; tamarack 1,515,360 cu. + ft.; walnut, 741,431 cu. ft.; birch and maple, 612,760 cu. ft.; elm, + 2,925,382 cu. ft.; all other timber, 26,577,869 cu. ft.; number of pine + logs, 14,945,670; other logs, 7,621,610.</p> + <p>The Province has 259 steam vessels, with a tonnage of 44,550; and 289 + sailing vessels, with a tonnage of 55,058. There are 5 vessels with 14 + men, and 1,129 boats with 2,101 men and 928,008 fathoms of nets engaged + in the 681 fisheries. Product for 1881: herring, 15,605 barrels; + whitefish, 38,301 barrels; trout, 55,497 barrels; other fish, 18,817 + barrels; fish oil, 1,629 gallons.</p> + <p>Population of the Province, 1881, 1,923,228; male, 976,461; female, + 946767</p> + <p>Number of churches, 5,075: of which 2,375 are Methodist, 852 + Presbyterian, 680 Church of England, 389 Baptist, and 367 Roman Catholic. + There are 21 hospitals, and 22 orphanages. Number of colleges and + universities, 17; boarding schools, 44.</p> + <p>There is an excellent system of free schools under the control of a + Minister of Education and a Chief Superintendent. School pop., 405,857. + Number of high schools, public and private, 410; public elementary + schools, 5,313. Number miles of railway in the Province, 5223 <!-- Page + 67 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page67"></a>{67}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Ontario.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Ontario.jpg" + alt="Map of Ontario" title="Map of Ontario" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 68 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page68"></a>{68}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">QUEBEC.</span><span class="gap"></span>Kwe-bek´.</p> + <p>One of the most important of the Canadian Provinces. Earliest + settlement made by Europeans, in 1541; first permanent settlement made by + the French on the present site of the city of Quebec, 1608. Country + occupied by the French until 1759, when, through the victory of Gen. + Wolfe, it fell into the hands of the English.</p> + <p>Area, census of 1881, 188,688 square miles. Total amount of land + occupied, 12,625,877 acres; improved, 6,410,264 acres, of which 4,147,984 + were under crop, 2,207,422 in pasture, and 54,858 in gardens and + orchards. Population, 1,359,027: male, 678,175; female, 680,852.</p> + <p>While the climate is similar to that of Ontario, it is colder in + winter, and warmer in summer. At Montreal the winters are very severe, + the temperature often ranging from zero to 10° and even 30° below it, and + in summer it is frequently 90° in the shade.</p> + <p>Public affairs are administered by a Lieutenant Governor, assisted by + an Executive Council, a Legislative Council of 24 members, and a + Legislative Assembly of 65 members. The Province sends 24 members to the + Dominion Senate. Quebec is the capital; population, 62,446. Montreal the + commercial metropolis of the Province, and also of the Dominion; + population, 140,747.</p> + <p>The surface of the country is varied, consisting of extensive forests, + large rivers, lakes and prairies, and bold, rocky heights. The Province + abounds in numerous minerals.</p> + <p>Agricultural products for 1881: wheat, 2,019,004 bushels; barley, + 1,751,539 bushels; oats, 19,990,205 bushels; rye, 430,242 bushels; peas + and beans, 4,170,456 bushels; buckwheat, 2,041,670 bushels; corn, 888,169 + bushels; potatoes, 14,873,287 bushels; turnips, 1,572,476 bushels; hay, + 1,612,104 tons; grass and clover seed, 119,306 bushels; tobacco, + 2,356,581 pounds; hops, 218,542 pounds.</p> + <p>This Province produces three times as much maple sugar as all the + others combined; total amount produced 1881, 15,687,835 pounds; amount of + honey produced, 559,024 pounds; apples, 777,557 bushels; grapes, 158,031 + pounds. Value of fur product, $163,310. Butter produced on farms, 1881, + 30,630,397 pounds; cheese, 559,278 pounds; wool, 2,730,544 pounds; cloth + and flannel, 2,958,180 yards; flax and hemp, 865,310 pounds; linen, + 1,120,301 yards.</p> + <p>Farm animals in the Province, 1881: horses, 273,852; oxen, 49,237; + milch cows and other cattle, 900,096; sheep, 889,833; swine, 329,199.</p> + <p>Public instruction is under a Superintendent of Education. School + pop., 209,623. Number of elementary public schools, 4,404; pupils, + 170,858; colleges, 44; academies, 246; special schools, 18; normal, 3; + model, 333.</p> + <p>The forests are extensive, and the lumbering and shipbuilding + interests are large. Timber product, 1881: pine, 5,495,183 cu. ft.; oak, + 59,587 cu. ft.; tamarack, 2,707,745 cu. ft.; birch and maple, 2,784,395 + cu. ft.; all other timber, 14,612,669 cu. ft. Number of logs produced, + 13,582,407; masts and spars, 104,248.</p> + <p>There are in the Province 293 steam vessels; tonnage, 132,097: 757 + sailing vessels; tonnage, 110,356. The fisheries furnish employment to + 14,744 men; there are 146 vessels and 6,761 boats engaged in this + industry. Products of the fisheries, 1881: cod, 462,388 quintals; + herring, 130,354 barrels; mackerel, 10,725 barrels; sardines, 4,360 + barrels; canned lobsters, 517,734 pounds; all other fish, 101,861 + barrels; fish oil, 263,374 barrels.</p> + <p>The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic. The number adhering to that + faith is 1,170,718, or about seven-eighths of the entire population. + Number of churches in the Province, 1,280, of which 712 are Roman + Catholic. Number of hospitals, 29; orphanages, 11. There are 1,911 miles + of railway. <!-- Page 69 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page69"></a>{69}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Quebec.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Quebec.jpg" + alt="Map of Quebec" title="Map of Quebec" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 70 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page70"></a>{70}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NOVA SCOTIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>No´va Sko´she-a.</p> + <p>A Province of the Dominion of Canada, created in 1784; became part of + the Dominion, 1867. Area, 20,907 square miles. Population, 1881, 440,572. + Executive authority vested in Lieutenant Governor and Executive Council; + legislative, in Legislative Council and House of Assembly.</p> + <p>Capital, Halifax; pop., 36,100. Capital of Cape Breton Island, Sydney. + Soil generally fertile. Principal products are wheat, rye, oats, barley, + potatoes and Indian corn. Grain product, 1880, 5,570,444 bushels; + potatoes, 6,961,016 bushels; hay, 414,046 tons. Timber product, 1881, + 3,144,323 cubic feet. Fisheries employ 755 vessels, 13,214 boats and + 26,900 men; latest reports give 715,781 quintals of cod, haddock and + hake; other fish, 301,756 barrels; lobsters, 3,841,467 lbs.; fish oil, + 275,352 gallons.</p> + <p>There is a good system of common schools, organized In 1864. Annual + expenditure for educational purposes, about $700,000. Miles of railway, + 500; many short canals.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NEW BRUNSWICK.</span></p> + <p>Settled by French, 1639, and formed with Nova Scotia part of Arcadia. + First British settlers came from Scotland, 1764. Province created 1784; + became part of the Dominion, 1867.</p> + <p>Government vested in a Lieutenant Governor, an Executive, a + Legislative Council and a House of Assembly. Area, 27,174 square miles. + Population, 321,233. Capital, Fredericton; pop., 6,218.</p> + <p>Climate subject to extremes; temperature in winter, 30°; in summer, + 95°. Soil exceedingly fertile. In 1881, acres in crops, 849,678; in + pasture, 392,169. Products: grain, 5,490,896 bushels; potatoes, + 6,961,016; hay, 414,046 tons. In 1881, wool product, 760,531 pounds. The + number of horses in 1881 was 52,975; oxen, 8,812; horned cattle, 203,748; + sheep, 221,163; swine, 53,087.</p> + <p>There is a good system of non-sectarian free schools in the Province. + Telegraphic and railway communication throughout the Province. Number + miles of railway, 1,148.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.</span></p> + <p>A Province of the Dominion of Canada, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. + First settled by the French, who ceded it to Great Britain in 1758. + Province created 1768; admitted into the Dominion, 1873. Area, 27,174 + square miles. Total land occupied, 1,126,653 acres; improved, 596,731 + acres; under crops, 467,211 acres.</p> + <p>Climate milder than that of the adjoining continent. All ordinary + cereals may be cultivated. Grain product, 1881: 4,301,110 bu.; potatoes, + 6,042,191 bu.; turnips, 1,198,407 bu.; butter, 1,688,690 pounds; cheese, + 196,273 pounds. Farm animals, 328,734.</p> + <p>Population, 108,891: male, 54,729; female, 54,162. Capital, + Charlottetown; population, 11,485.</p> + <p>The government is vested in a Lieutenant Governor, an Executive and a + Legislative Council and a House of Assembly.</p> + <p>The fisheries are very valuable. Products, 1881: cod, 18,736 quintals; + herring, 21,501 bbls; mackerel, 91,792 bbls; canned lobsters, 3,275,316 + lbs; oysters, 175,408 bbls; fish oil, 8,139 gals.</p> + <p>The Province owns 11 steam vessels, and 224 sailing vessels, with a + tonnage of 45,237. Timber product, 1881, 910,200 cu. ft.</p> + <p>Number of churches, 231. Free school system introduced 1853. School + population, 22,711. Number of district schools, 355; grammar, 15; high, + 46; colleges, 3. Number of miles of railway, 200. <!-- Page 71 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page71"></a>{71}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:58%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_New_Brunswick_Nova_Scotia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_New_Brunswick_Nova_Scotia.jpg" + alt="Map of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia" title="Map of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 72 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page72"></a>{72}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MANITOBA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Man-i-to´ba.</p> + <p>A Province of the Dominion of Canada, formerly known as the Red River + Settlement, and also Assiniboia; admitted into the Confederation in 1870. + Area, 123,200 square miles. Population, 65,954. The climate is healthful + and cold; average summer temperature, 65°; winter, 3° below zero.</p> + <p>Government is in the hands of a Lieutenant Governor, appointed by the + Governor General of the Dominion, with an Executive Council of 6 members + and a Legislative Assembly. Manitoba sends 3 Senators to the Dominion + Senate. Capital, Winnipeg; pop., 7,985.</p> + <p>Surface level. Land occupied, 2,384,337 acres; improved, 250,416 + acres; under crops, 230,264 acres. Principal crop, wheat; latest reported + product, 1,033,673 bu.; oats, 1,270,268 bu.; barley, 253,604 bu. Farm + animals, 1881: horses, 16,739; oxen, 12,269; milch cows and other cattle, + 48,012. Butter made on farms, 957,152 lbs.; cheese, 19,613 lbs. Timber + produced, 895,445 cu. ft.</p> + <p>The Canadian Pacific Railway has 670 miles in the Province. There are + 4 colleges and 5 boarding schools. No. of churches, 88.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NORTHWEST TERRITORIES.</span></p> + <p>This large possession was purchased by the Dominion from the Hudson's + Bay Company in 1870. In 1882 a portion of it was subdivided into four + districts: Assiniboia, 95,000 square miles; Saskatchewan, 114,000 square + miles; Alberta, 100,000 square miles; Athabasca, 122,000 square + miles.</p> + <p>Area of the Territories, 2,665,252 square miles. Total land occupied, + 314,107 acres, of which 28,833 acres are improved. Furs from this country + are found in every market of the world; value of the product for 1881, + $428,177. Timber product, 109,873 cu. ft.</p> + <p>The country is well watered by numerous large lakes and rivers. There + are at least 600,000 square miles fitted for agriculture. One of the most + fertile belts is the Saskatchewan, through a portion of which the + Canadian Pacific Railway passes.</p> + <p>Public affairs in the hands of a Lieutenant Governor and Council. + Capital, Regina. Number of churches, 44. School population, 578.</p> + <p>Population, census of 1881, 56,446: male, 28,113; female, 28,333.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BRITISH COLUMBIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ko-lŭm´be-a´.</p> + <p>Colony established 1858; admitted into the Dominion, 1871. Area, + including Vancouver's Island, 341,305 square miles. Population, 49,459. + Climate milder than that of same latitude on the Atlantic coast. Country + traversed by Rocky and Cascade Mountains. Loftiest peak, Mount Browne, + 16,000 feet high. Government consists of a Lieutenant Governor, an + Executive Council, and a Legislative Assembly, elected by the people. + Capital, Victoria; pop., 5,925.</p> + <p>Amount of land occupied, 441,255 acres; improved, 184,885 acres. Grain + product, 1881, 559,220 bu.; potatoes, 556,193 bu.; hops, 24,899 lbs. Farm + animals, 151,202. Butter made on farms, 343,387 lbs.; cheese, 33,252. + Value of fur product, $153,442. Timber product, 2,427,882 cu. ft. There + are 406 fisheries. Salmon product, 50,105 bbls.; other fish, 12,767 bbls. + Fish oil 237,492 gals.</p> + <p>The mineral wealth of the Province is very great, the chief source + being coal. On the mainland and Vancouver's Island large deposits of + bituminous coal are found, and on Queen Charlotte's Island a fine grade + of anthracite. Gold is found in various localities. In ten years the + yield in the Province exceeded $22,000,000. <!-- Page 73 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page73"></a>{73}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_British_Columbia_NW_Ter.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_British_Columbia_NW_Ter.jpg" + alt="Map of British Columbia etc." title="Map of British Columbia etc." /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 74 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page74"></a>{74}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ALASKA.</span><span class="gap"></span>A-las´-ka.</p> + <p>At the time of its discovery by the Russians, it was called by the + natives Alayeska, which has changed through Alaksa and Alashka to its + present form. Largest possession of United States; discovered by Vitus + Behring, 1741; purchased from Russia, 1867.</p> + <p>Area, 531,409 square miles: Arctic division, 125,245; Yukon, 176,515; + Kuskokvim, 114,975; Aleutian, 14,610; Kadiak, 70,884; Southeastern, + 28,980. Extreme length, north and south, 1,100 miles; extreme breadth, + 800 miles. Yukon, the great highway through the country, navigable in + summer about 700 miles; coast line, exclusive of smaller indentations, + over 4,000 miles.</p> + <p>Climate of Pacific coast much modified by the Pacific gulf stream and + the long days of summer: mean annual temperature of Yukon country, about + 25°; at Sitka, about 44°; winter temperature at latter place about that + of Washington, D.C. Rainfall copious, and foggy weather common on coasts + and islands; Sitka one of rainiest places in the world outside the + tropics, the annual precipitation being 65 to 90 inches, and number rainy + days 200 to 285.</p> + <p>Sitka is seat of Bishop of Greek church, and headquarters of the + Governor, who assumed official control, December, 1884. Pop., 995: white, + 163; creole, 219; Thlinket, 613. Other settlements next in importance are + Fort St. Nicholas, Cook's Inlet and Fort St. Michael, Norton's Sound. + Harbors at Port Clarence, Michaelooski and Captain's Harbor.</p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="ac fwb"> Salaries Territor'l Officers. </td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk of Dist. Court & ex-officio Sec. & Treas. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dist. Attorney </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marshal and Surveyor General </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. of Customs </td><td class="ar"> 2,500<br /> +& fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Deputy Colls. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 1 Deputy Col. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Inspectors, per day </td><td class="ar"> 3</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:20em"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Seal_Fisheries.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Seal_Fisheries.jpg" + alt="Chart of Products of Seal Fisheries by State - headed by Alaska" title="Chart of Products of Seal Fisheries by State - headed by Alaska" /></a> + </div> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Number persons employed in fisheries, 6,130; capital invested, + $447,000; value of products, $2,661,640; value of seal fisheries, + $2,096,500; value general fisheries, $564,640.</p> + <p>Total pop., 33,426; white, 430; creole, 1,756; Innuit, 17,617; Aleut, + 2,145; Tinneh, 3,927; Thlinket, 6,763; Hyda, 788.</p> + <p>Aleutian and Sitka districts are the agricultural regions. Most + fertile land near Cook's Inlet; good oats, barley and root crops are + raised here without much difficulty. Rich grass land in the valley of + Yukon, but extreme dampness and want of summer heat prevent the ripening + of grain. Timber abundant on mainland; yellow cedar the best, being of + great value for boat-building. Edible berries are plentiful.</p> + <p>A fine quality of white marble is found on Lynn Channel; coal, amber + and lignite on Aleutian Islands, the best coal being on Cook's Inlet. + Gold, silver, copper, cinnabar and iron are found; sulphur is abundant in + volcanic districts.</p> + <p>Noted for its fur-bearing animals, the chief of which are beaver, + ermine, fox, marten, otter, squirrel and wolf. The main source of revenue + is the fur seal, the taking of which is regulated by law. The United + States receives a revenue from the company to which the monopoly of the + trade is granted. The walrus is of value in furnishing ivory and oil. + Whales, cod, herring and halibut abound, and various species of salmon + are found. <!-- Page 75 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page75"></a>{75}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Alaska.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Alaska.jpg" + alt="Map of Alaska" title="Map of Alaska" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 76 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page76"></a>{76}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MEXICO.</span></p> + <p>A large republic, forming southwestern boundary of the United States. + Area, 743,948 square miles; northern frontier, 1,400 miles; southern + frontier, 345 miles; seacoast, 6,086 miles. Number of States, 27; Federal + District, 1; Territories, 2.</p> +<h3>POLITICAL DIVISIONS.</h3> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb vmi"> Name. </td><td class="ac ba"> Area,<br /> +Sq. Mls. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Population. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Capitals. </td><td class="ac bb vmi"> Pop. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Aguascalientes </td><td class="ar br"> 2,895 </td><td class="ar br"> 139,800 </td><td class="br"> Aguascalientes </td><td class="ar"> 39,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Campeche </td><td class="ar br"> 25,832 </td><td class="ar br"> 90,413 </td><td class="br"> Campeche </td><td class="ar"> 12,600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Chiapas </td><td class="ar br"> 16,048 </td><td class="ar br"> 200,000 </td><td class="br"> San Cristobal </td><td class="ar"> 15,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Chihuahua </td><td class="ar br"> 83,746 </td><td class="ar br"> 245,657 </td><td class="br"> Chihuahua </td><td class="ar"> 20,006</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Coahuila </td><td class="ar br"> 50,890 </td><td class="ar br"> 144,594 </td><td class="br"> Saltillo </td><td class="ar"> 24,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Colima </td><td class="ar br"> 3,743 </td><td class="ar br"> 65,827 </td><td class="br"> Colima </td><td class="ar"> 31,744</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Durango </td><td class="ar br"> 42,510 </td><td class="ar br"> 200,000 </td><td class="br"> Durango </td><td class="ar"> 28,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Guanajuato </td><td class="ar br"> 11,411 </td><td class="ar br"> 898,072 </td><td class="br"> Guanajuato </td><td class="ar"> 73,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Guerrero </td><td class="ar br"> 24,550 </td><td class="ar br"> 325,000 </td><td class="br"> Chilpancingo </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Hidalgo </td><td class="ar br"> 8,163 </td><td class="ar br"> 500,000 </td><td class="br"> Pachuca </td><td class="ar"> 25,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Jalisco </td><td class="ar br"> 39,168 </td><td class="ar br"> 934,850 </td><td class="br"> Guadalajara </td><td class="ar"> 93,875</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Mexico </td><td class="ar br"> 7,838 </td><td class="ar br"> 710,579 </td><td class="br"> Toluca </td><td class="ar"> 13,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Michoacan </td><td class="ar br"> 25,689 </td><td class="ar br"> 784,108 </td><td class="br"> Morelia </td><td class="ar"> 25,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Morelos </td><td class="ar br"> 1,776 </td><td class="ar br"> 160,300 </td><td class="br"> Cuernavaca </td><td class="ar"> 16,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Nuevo Leon </td><td class="ar br"> 23,635 </td><td class="ar br"> 210,000 </td><td class="br"> Monterey </td><td class="ar"> 50,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Oaxaca </td><td class="ar br"> 33,591 </td><td class="ar br"> 754,468 </td><td class="br"> Oaxaca </td><td class="ar"> 26,708</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Puebla </td><td class="ar br"> 12,021 </td><td class="ar br"> 784,466 </td><td class="br"> Puebla </td><td class="ar"> 78,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Querétaro </td><td class="ar br"> 3,207 </td><td class="ar br"> 203,290 </td><td class="br"> Querétaro </td><td class="ar"> 36,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> San Luis Potosi </td><td class="ar br"> 27,500 </td><td class="ar br"> 650,000 </td><td class="br"> San Luis Potosi </td><td class="ar"> 56,800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Sinaloa </td><td class="ar br"> 36,198 </td><td class="ar br"> 201,918 </td><td class="br"> Culiacan </td><td class="ar"> 9,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Sonora </td><td class="ar br"> 79,021 </td><td class="ar br"> 141,000 </td><td class="br"> Ures </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Tabasco </td><td class="ar br"> 11,851 </td><td class="ar br"> 104,759 </td><td class="br"> San Juan Bautista </td><td class="ar"> 12,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Tamaulipas </td><td class="ar br"> 30,225 </td><td class="ar br"> 141,000 </td><td class="br"> Victoria </td><td class="ar"> 8,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Tlaxcala </td><td class="ar br"> 1,620 </td><td class="ar br"> 138,988 </td><td class="br"> Tlaxcala </td><td class="ar"> 18,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Vera Cruz </td><td class="ar br"> 26,232 </td><td class="ar br"> 595,780 </td><td class="br"> Jalapa </td><td class="ar"> 12,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Yucatan </td><td class="ar br"> 29,567 </td><td class="ar br"> 450,000 </td><td class="br"> Merida </td><td class="ar"> 61,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Zacatecas </td><td class="ar br"> 22,998 </td><td class="ar br"> 470,000 </td><td class="br"> Zacatecas </td><td class="ar"> 16,500</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>TERRITORIES.</h3> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="br"> Federal District</td><td class="ar br"> 461 </td><td class="ar br"> 439,769 </td><td class="br"> Mexico </td><td class="ar"> 350,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Lower California</td><td class="ar br"> 61,562 </td><td class="ar br"> 30,000 </td><td class="br"> La Paz </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Tepic </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td class="br"> Tepic </td><td class="ar"> 9,000</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LATEST REPORTED EXPORTS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:30em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee </td><td class="ar br"> $<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>1,193 </td><td> Brazil Wood </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>54,450</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eagle Dollars </td><td class="ar br"> 176,123 </td><td> Silver Coin and Bullion</td><td class="ar"> 69,541</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gold Bullion </td><td class="ar br"> 79,640 </td><td> Silver Ore </td><td class="ar"> 55,446</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fruit </td><td class="ar br"> 60,681 </td><td> Cattle Hides </td><td class="ar"> 127,847</td></tr> +</table> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="short" /> + <p>Number cattle ranches, 20,574; value, $501,249,500. Number cattle in + Northern Mexico,—area, 300,000 square miles,—1,500,000; + goats, 2,500,000; horses, 1,000,000; sheep, 1,000,000.</p> +<h3>AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:30em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cotton </td><td class="ar br"> $6,429,454 </td><td> Wheat </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>16,970,789</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pulque </td><td class="ar br"> 8,769,700 </td><td> Corn </td><td class="ar"> 109,169,429</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> Total Ag. Prod. </td><td class="ar"> $172,721,803</td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 77 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page77"></a>{77}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Mexico.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Mexico.jpg" + alt="Map of Mexico" title="Map of Mexico" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 78 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page78"></a>{78}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">UNITED STATES.</span></p> + <p>A republic occupying the central portion of North America, together + with Alaska, in extreme northwest.</p> + <p>Area land surface, 3,547,000 square miles; greatest length, east and + west, about 2,800 miles; average breadth, about 1,200 miles; British + American boundary, 3,540 miles; Mexican, 1,550 miles; coast line, + exclusive of land indentations, 5,715 miles; lake shore line, 3,450 + miles. Number States, 38; Territories, 10.</p> + <p>New York ranks first in population; Pennsylvania, second; Ohio, third; + Illinois, fourth. New York City, metropolis of republic; Philadelphia + ranks second; Brooklyn, third; Chicago, fourth. Washington, capital; + population, 147,293.</p> + <p>Railway mileage, 1830, 23, having increased to 126,718, January, 1886. + Increase, 1885, 3,214</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:37em"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb w50" colspan="2"> Salt Industry. </td><td class="ac fwb w50" colspan="2"> Breweries.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Capital </td><td class="ar br"> $8,225,740 </td><td> Number </td><td class="ar"> 2,741</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bushels </td><td class="ar br"> 29,800,298 </td><td> Quantity Brewed </td><td class="ar"> 513,192,120 gals.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Value </td><td class="ar br"> $4,817,636 </td><td> Consumption per head </td><td class="ar"> 10Ľ gals.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac ptl fwb" colspan="2"> Imported Merchandise. </td><td class="ac ptl fwb" colspan="2"> Immigrants.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gums </td><td class="ar br"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>4,400,166 </td><td> Professional occupations </td><td class="ar"> 2,284</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tea </td><td class="ar br"> 13,636,053 </td><td> Skilled </td><td class="ar"> 55,061</td></tr> +<tr><td> Breadstuffs </td><td class="ar br"> 6,704,543 </td><td> Miscellaneous </td><td class="ar"> 184,195</td></tr> +<tr><td> Laces, etc. </td><td class="ar br"> 10,012,894 </td><td> Occupations not stated </td><td class="ar"> 31,665</td></tr> +<tr><td> Manuf. of Silk </td><td class="ar br"> 36,673,646 </td><td> Without occupation </td><td class="ar"> 245,387</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wines </td><td class="ar br"> 5,660,833 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Total </td><td class="ar bt"> 518,592</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>STATISTICS FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1884.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:37em"> +<tr><td class="w50" colspan="2"></td><td class="w50" colspan="2"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Whale Fisheries </td><td class="ar br"> $1,517,353 </td><td> Breadstuffs exported </td><td class="ar"> $162,544,715</td></tr> +<tr><td> Other Fisheries </td><td class="ar br"> 4,731,043 </td><td> Cotton and manuf. of,</td></tr> +<tr><td> Total </td><td class="ar br bt"> $6,248,396 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>exported </td><td class="ar"> 208,900,415</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> Coal, exported </td><td class="ar"> 5,031,959</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ptl" colspan="3"> Total value of dutiable merchandise imported </td><td class="ar ptl"> $457,813,509</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Total value merchandise imported free from duty </td><td class="ar"> 209,884,184</td></tr> +</table> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:37em"> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar scac ptl"> IMPORTS. </td><td class="ar scac ptl"> EXPORTS.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Merchandise </td><td class="ar"> $667,697,693 </td><td class="ar"> $740,513,609</td></tr> +<tr><td> Coin and Bullion </td><td class="ar"> 37,426,262 </td><td class="ar"> 67,133,383</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar scac ptl"> DOMESTIC EXPORTS. </td><td class="ar scac ptl"> FOREIGN EXPORTS.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Merchandise </td><td class="ar"> $724,964,852 </td><td class="ar"> $15,548,757</td></tr> +<tr><td> Coin and Bullion </td><td class="ar"> 50,225,635 </td><td class="ar"> 16,907,748</td></tr> +</table> +<p class="cenhead"><b>Commerce of Pacific Coast.</b></p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:37em"> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar scac"> IMPORTS. </td><td style="width:2em;"> </td><td class="ar scac"> EXPORTS.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Europe </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>5,156,311 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> $31,225,433</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asia, Australasia and Oceanica </td><td class="ar"> 18,766,855 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> 4,166,516</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hawaiian Islands </td><td class="ar"> 7,925,925 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> 3,109,697</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mexico, Central and South America </td><td class="ar"> 2,738,444 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> 3,321,938</td></tr> +<tr><td> British Columbia </td><td class="ar"> 1,283,931 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> 2,502,954</td></tr> +<tr><td> All other </td><td class="ar"> 1,308,064 </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> 2,059,746</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Totals </td><td class="ar bt"> $37,179,530 </td><td style="width:2em;"> </td><td class="ar bt"> $46,386,284</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac" colspan="4"> —— </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Total value of products of industry </td><td class="ar"> $10,000,000,000</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Average annual coal production </td><td class="ar"> 77,908,874 tons.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Average annual value exports domestic merchandise </td><td class="ar"> $794,060,103</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Average annual value imports domestic merchandise </td><td class="ar"> 635,227,511</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Average annual value exports of cotton </td><td class="ar"> 12,322,428</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Average annual value imports cotton manufactures </td><td class="ar"> 32,285,660</td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 79 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page79"></a>{79}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_United_States.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_United_States.jpg" + alt="Map of the United States" title="Map of the United States" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 80 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page80"></a>{80}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">MAINE. </td><td>Mān.<br /> +<b>"Pine Tree State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Settled by the English at Bristol, 1624; admitted 1820.</p> + <p>Area, 33,040 square miles; extreme length, 300 miles; extreme breadth, + 210 miles; shore line over 2,400 miles, including islands; the Penobscot, + Androscoggin, Saco, St. Croix, Aroostook and St. John are the most + important streams. Number counties, 16.</p> + <p>Temperature of Portland: winter, 23° to 38°; summer, 63° to 69°. + Rainfall at Brunswick, 45 inches.</p> + <p>Portland, the metropolis and principal seaport; pop., 31,413. Augusta, + the capital; pop., 8,665. Bangor, a port of entry and lumber centre; + pop., 16,856. Biddeford, an important manufacturing town; pop, 12,651. + Lewiston, principal seat cotton manufactures; pop., 19,083.</p> + <p>Number farms, 64,309; average value per acre, cleared land, $12.87; + woodland, $12.66. Hay the most valuable crop, yielding l,214,033 tons in + 1883; corn crop, 1884, 1,062,000 bu.: wheat, 629,400 bu.; oats, 2,428,000 + bu.; latest reported dairy products, 3,720,783 gallons milk, 14,109,966 + lbs. butter and 1,945,095 lbs. cheese.</p> + <p>Lumbering one of chief industries, forests covering over 10,000,000 + acres; number saw-mills, 848; total products, $7,933,868.</p> + <p>Fisheries give employment to 11,071 persons, and produce an income of + $3,614,178, including oyster fisheries, valued at $37,500.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sup. Com. Schls </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec. Bd. of Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> State Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 7 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $150;<br /> +mileage,<br /> +20 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Customs </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Cus. </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agt. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Granite.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Granite.jpg" + alt="Chart of Capital Invested in Granite Quarries by State - headed by Maine" title="Chart of Capital Invested in Granite Quarries by State - headed by Maine" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auburn </td><td class="ar"> $2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Augusta </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bangor </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bath </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Belfast </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Biddeford </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brunswick </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Calais </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eastport </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ellsworth </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gardiner </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hallowell </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lewiston </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Portland </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rockland </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Saco </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Skowhegan </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Waterville</td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 19 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Valuable slate quarries from the Kennebec to the Penobscot; granite is + obtained in blocks of immense size; latest reported product, 2,203,670 + cubic feet; value, $1,175,286. Ranks fifth in buckwheat and copper; + eighth in hops and potatoes.</p> + <p>The State has 379 shipbuilding establishments; number new vessels + built, 88; boats, 970; total value, $2,909,846.</p> + <p>Pop., 648,936: male, 324,058; female, 324,878; native, 590,053; + foreign, 58,883; white, 646,852; colored, 1,451; Chinese, 8; Indians, + 625.</p> + <p>State elections, second Monday in September; congressional and + presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, + 31; Representatives, 151; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, + meeting first Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; terms of + Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 6; number voters, 187,323; paupers and Indians + not taxed excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 3; system of common, high and normal schools + excellent; of 519,669 persons 10 years old and upward, 3.5 per cent. are + unable to read; school age, 4-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 81 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page81"></a>{81}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Maine.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Maine.jpg" + alt="Map of Maine" title="Map of Maine" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 82 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page82"></a>{82}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">NEW HAMPSHIRE. </td><td> Nū Hamp´shir.<br /> +<b>"Granite State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>One of the thirteen original States; settled by English Puritans at + Dover and Portsmouth, 1623.</p> + <p>Area, 9,335 square miles; length, 180 miles; average breadth, 45 + miles; seacoast, 18 miles; best harbor at Portsmouth. Number counties, + 10.</p> + <p>Average temperature at Concord, 46°; Hanover,43°; Manchester, 49°; + Portsmouth, 46°. Rainfall at Hanover, 40 inches.</p> + <p>Manchester, chief city and manufacturing town, pop., 32,630. Pop. + Nashua, 13,397; Concord, 13,843; Dover, 11,687; Portsmouth, 9690</p> + <p>Number farms, 32,181; average value per acre, cleared land, $15; + woodland, $32. Hay the most valuable crop, yielding nearly 600,000 tons + by last report; corn crop, 1884, 1,286,000 bu., 33 bu. to the acre; + wheat, 170,700 bu., 14.6 bu. to the acre; oats, 993,000 bu., 32.4 bu. to + the acre.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec. State </td><td class="ar"> $800 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 R. R. Commission'rs</td><td class="ar"> 2,000 to 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec. Bd. Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $3 a day<br /> +and mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 1,125</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Barley.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Barley.jpg" + alt="Chart of Average Annual Product of Barley by State - headed by New Hampshire" title="Chart of Average Annual Product of Barley by State - headed by New Hampshire" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Claremont </td><td class="ar"> $1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Concord </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dover </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Exeter </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Franklin Falls </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Great Falls </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hanover </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Keene </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Laconia </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lancaster </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lebanon </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Littleton </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Manchester </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Milford </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nashua </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Plymouth </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Portsmouth </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rochester </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> 14 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> $1,300 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Ranks third in manufacture of cotton goods, value, $18,228,573; value + woolen goods, $8,113,839; worsted goods, $2,694,232; sawed lumber, + $3,842,012; leather, $4,477,350; paper, $1,731,170; boots and shoes, + $7,230,804; flouring and grist mill products, $2,542,784; hosiery and + knit goods, $2,362,779.</p> + <p>Mica is quarried at Grafton, and is very valuable; soapstone is found + at Haverhill, Keene and Francestown; granite of fine quality is quarried + at Plymouth, Troy, Roxbury, Concord and elsewhere.</p> + <p>Population, 346,991: male, 170,526; female, 176,465; native, 300,697; + foreign, 46,294; white, 346,229; colored, 685; Chinese, 14; Indians, + 63.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 24; Representatives, 321; sessions + of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday + in June; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 + years each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 105,138. Paupers are + excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Dartmouth College, at Hanover, founded 1769; compulsory education law; + common schools excellent; school age, 5-15.</p> + <p>Mount Washington, highest point east of the Mississippi excepting two + or three peaks in North Carolina; a three-mile railroad extends to the + summit.</p> + <p>No asylum for deaf, dumb or blind.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 6; usury forfeits thrice the excess. <!-- Page 83 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page83"></a>{83}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_New_Hampshire.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_New_Hampshire.jpg" + alt="Map of New Hampshire" title="Map of New Hampshire" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 84 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page84"></a>{84}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">VERMONT. </td><td>Ver-mont´.<br /> +<b>"Green Mountain State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>First settled by Massachusetts emigrants near Brattleboro, 1724; + admitted 1791,—the first State to join the original thirteen.</p> + <p>Area, 9,565 square miles, a little larger than New Hampshire; length, + 150 miles; breadth, 35 to 50 miles. Lake Champlain frontage, over 100 + miles; Burlington the chief harbor. Number counties, 14.</p> + <p>Temperature at Burlington: winter, 18° to 33°; summer, 66° to 71°; + rainfall, 34 inches. Death rate, only 1.07 per cent. per annum.</p> + <p>Burlington, seat of Vermont lumber trade; pop., 11,365. Montpelier, + capital. Rutland, famous for its marble works; pop., 12,149. Pop. of + Bennington, 6,333; of Saint Albans, 7,193.</p> + <p>First railroad, 1849, from Bellows Falls to Burlington by way of + Rutland; present mileage, 937.</p> + <p>Number farms, 35,522. Average value per acre, cleared land, $15.28; + woodland, $17.73. Corn crop, 1884, 1,998,700 bushels; wheat, 364,500 + bushels; oats, 3,625,000 bushels. Latest report for hay, 1,148,100 tons; + potatoes, 4,708,550 bushels; cheese, 6,121,130 lbs.; butter, 25,245,826 + lbs.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> $6 a day.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Insp. Finances </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> R. R. Com'r </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 750</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst'n </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar vmi"> $3 a day.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dist. Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,650</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. of Customs </td><td class="ar"> 1,000 & fees</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Limestone.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Limestone.jpg" + alt="Chart of Capital Invested in Limestone and Marble Quarries by State - headed by Vermont" title="Chart of Capital Invested in Limestone and Marble Quarries by State - headed by Vermont" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Barre </td><td class="ar"> $1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bellows Falls </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bennington </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bradford </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brandon </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brattleboro </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Burlington </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fair Haven </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Middlebury </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Montpelier </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Poultney </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rutland </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> St. Albans </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> St. Johnsbury </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Springfield </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Vergennes </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> West Randolph </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Woodstock </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 11 P. O. </td><td class="ar"> $1,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Mineral wealth of great value; manganese, copper pyrites, iron ore, + and gold deposits have been found. Black, white, red and variegated + marbles are abundant; annual value marble, over $3,000,000, and of slate, + about $1,000,000.</p> + <p>Number different industries, 2,874, giving employment to 17,540 + persons. Number butter and cheese establishments, 85; flour and grist, + 227; furniture, 56; leather tanning, 53; lumber sawing, 688; marble and + stone work, 69; wares of tin, sheet-iron and copper, 95.</p> + <p>Ranks fourth in copper, and seventh in hops and buckwheat.</p> + <p>Population: 332,286; male, 166,887; female, 165,399; native, 291,327; + foreign, 40,959; white, 331,218; colored, 1,057: Indians, 11.</p> + <p>State elections biennial, first Tuesday in September; congressional + and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number + Senators, 30; Representatives, 240; sessions of legislature biennial, in + even-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in October; limit of + session, none; terms or Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 95,621. Bribers excluded + from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 2; school population, 99,463: school age, 5-20.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest. <!-- Page + 85 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page85"></a>{85}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Vermont.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Vermont.jpg" + alt="Map of Vermont" title="Map of Vermont" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 86 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page86"></a>{86}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">MASSACHUSETTS. </td><td>Măs-sa-chū´sets.<br /> +<b>"Old Bay State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>One of the thirteen original States; first permanent settlement made + by English Puritans, at Plymouth, 1620.</p> + <p>Area, 8,315 square miles; length, northeast and southwest, 160 miles; + breadth, 47 to 100 miles. Number counties, 14.</p> + <p>Temperature at Boston: winter, 27° to 38°; summer, 66° to 71°; + rainfall, 45 inches.</p> + <p>Boston, capital and metropolis; pop., 390,406. Lowell, Lawrence and + Fall River famous for cotton manufactures; pops., 64,051, 38,845 and + 56,863. Worcester, great railroad and manufacturing centre; pop., 68,383. + Cambridge, seat of Harvard College, the oldest in America, pop., 59,660. + Lynn, famous for manufacture of boots and shoes; pop., 45,861. New + Bedford, greatest whaling port in the world; pop., 33,393. Springfield + contains greatest arsenal in the United States; pop., 37,577.</p> + <p>Number of farms, 38,406; average value per acre, cleared land, $85; + woodland, $43.25. Hay, the most valuable crop; wheat, 1884, 19,000 + bushels; oats, 717,000; corn, 1,941,300 bu. Ranks first in cotton, woolen + and worsted goods, and in cod and mackerel fisheries, owning over half of + the fishing vessels of the United States; second in wealth and commerce; + third in manufactures and in printing and publishing; fourth in silk + goods; fifth in soap; sixth in iron and steel; ninth in agricultural + implements.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lt. Governor </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 6,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Senators, Representatives </td><td class="ar"> $650 per year.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Ag't </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Collectors Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Coll. of Customs, Boston </td><td class="ar"> 8,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Naval Officer </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Shoes.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Shoes.jpg" + alt="Chart of Value of Manufactured Boots and Shoes by State - headed by Massachusetts" title="Chart of Value of Manufactured Boots and Shoes by State - headed by Massachusetts" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Boston </td><td class="ar"> $6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brockton </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fall River </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fitchburg </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gloucester </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Haverhill </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Holyoke </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lawrence </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lowell </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lynn </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Bedford </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Northampton </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pittsfield </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Salem </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Springfield </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Taunton </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Worcester </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> 101 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 2,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Population 1,941,465; male, 932,429; female, 1,009,036; native, + 1,459,982; foreign, 481,483; white, 1,920,498; colored, 20,361; Chinese, + 229; Japanese, 8; Indians, 369.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November. Number Senators, 40; Representatives, 240; sessions + annual, meeting first Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; terms + of Senators and Representatives, one year each. Number electoral votes, + 14; number voters, 544,192; native white, 353,347; foreign white, + 184,439; colored, 6,406; Paupers, persons under guardians, non-taxpayers, + and men unable to read and write excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number quarries, 113; ports of entry, 9; customs districts, 11. First + American newspaper, Boston, 1690; first freight railroad in United + States, Quincy; first American library at Harvard College.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 7; education compulsory; schools excellent; school + age, 5-15.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 87 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page87"></a>{87}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Massachusetts.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Massachusetts.jpg" + alt="Map of Massachusetts" title="Map of Massachusetts" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 88 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page88"></a>{88}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">RHODE ISLAND. </td><td> Rōd I´land.<br /> +<b>"Little Rhody."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>One of the thirteen original States and smallest in the Union; + supposed temporary settlement by Icelanders as early as 1000; settled by + Roger Williams at Providence, 1636; last of the thirteen colonies to + ratify the Constitution, which it did in 1790.</p> + <p>Area, 1,250 square miles; extreme length, north and south, 47 miles; + extreme width, 40 miles. Good harbors at Providence, Bristol, Warren and + Newport, the latter one of the finest in the world. Number counties, + 5.</p> + <p>Temperature at Newport: Winter, 29° to 43°; summer, 64° to 71°: + rainfall, 43 inches.</p> + <p>United States customs districts at Newport, Providence, Bristol and + Warren; two capitals, Providence and Newport; populations, 117,628 and + 19,552. Population of Lincoln, 17,269; of Pawtucket, 22,894; of Warwick, + 13,284; of Woonsocket, 16,145.</p> + <p>Number farms, 6,216. Hay the most valuable crop; yield of 1883, 81,708 + tons; potato crop, 845,185 bushels; corn crop, 1884, 890,000 bushels; + oats, 161,000 bushels. Latest reported dairy products: milk, 3,831,706 + gallons; butter, 1,007,103 lbs.; cheese, 67,171 lbs.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gen. Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>State Auditor<br /> +Ins. Com'r</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar vmi"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Railroad Com'r </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com. Pub. Schls </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $1 pr. day<br /> +mileage 8 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> $3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Apr. of Cust'ms </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Collectors </td><td class="ar"> Fees.</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Cotton.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Cotton.jpg" + alt="Chart of Capital Invested in Cotton Manufactures - headed by Rhode Island" title="Chart of Capital Invested in Cotton Manufactures - headed by Rhode Island" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> 4 Dep. Colls. </td><td class="ar"> $1,000 to 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev </td><td class="ar"> 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Dep. Colls. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Life Saving Ser. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asst. Supt. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 36 Keepers </td><td class="ar"> 700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bristol </td><td class="ar"> $1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Central Falls </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> E. Greenwich </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lonsdale </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newport </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Olneyville </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pawtucket </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Providence </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Warren </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Westerly </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Woonsocket </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Outranks, in proportion to its size, all other States in value of + manufactures. Number looms, 30,274; spindles, 1,649,295, using 161,694 + bales of cotton, and giving employment to 22,228 persons. Ranks second in + cotton, flax and linen goods.</p> + <p>Value of cotton goods manufactured, $24,609,461; woolen goods, + $15,410,450; worsted goods, $6,177,754; boots and shoes, rubber, + $1,455,420; dyeing and finishing textiles, $6,874,254; foundry and + machine-shop products, $6,281,707; jewelry, $5,650,133.</p> + <p>Population. 303,816; male, 146,135; female, 157,681; native, 222,697; + foreign, 81,119; white, 296,585; colored, 7,127; Chinese, 27; Indians, + 77.</p> + <p>State elections, first Wednesday in April; congressional, and + presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, + 36; Representatives, 72; sessions annual; meeting last Tuesday in May, at + Newport, and an adjourned session annually at Providence; limit of + session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 1 year each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 84,460; persons without + property to the value of $134 excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges. 1; Brown's University, at Providence, founded 1764; + common school system excellent; school age, 5-15.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 89 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page89"></a>{89}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Rhode_Island.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Rhode_Island.jpg" + alt="Map of Rhode Island" title="Map of Rhode Island" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 90 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page90"></a>{90}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">CONNECTICUT </td><td> Kon-net´e-kut.<br /> +<b>"Nutmeg State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name of Indian origin, signifying Long River.</p> + <p>One of the thirteen original States; first permanent settlement made + by English at Hartford, 1635.</p> + <p>Area, 4,990 square miles; average length, 86 miles; average breadth, + 55 miles; seacoast, over 100 miles. Principal river valleys: Thames, + Connecticut and Housatonic. Most important harbors: Bridgeport, New + Haven, New London, Saybrook and Stonington. Number counties, 8.</p> + <p>Temperature at New Haven: winter, 27° to 40°; summer, 68° to 74°: + rainfall, 44 inches.</p> + <p>Hartford the capital, and noted for banking and insurance business; + population, 42,015. New Haven, "City of Elms," the metropolis, and noted + for educational institutions; population, 62,882. Bridgeport, noted for + manufacture of fire-arms and sewing machines; population, 27,343. + Waterbury, an important manufacturing city; population, 17,806. + Fairfield, Middletown, New Haven, New London and Stonington are ports of + entry.</p> + <p>Number farms, 30,598. Average value per acre, cleared land, $29; + woodland, $24.50. Corn crop of 1884, 1,767,790 bu.; wheat, 86,200 bu.; + oats, 1,112,000 bu. Latest reported dairy products: milk, 12,289,893 + gals.; butter, 8,292,360 lbs.; cheese, 1,028,015 lbs.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec. State Bd. Ed.</td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ins. Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 R. R. Com'rs. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $300 and<br /> +mileage</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Colls. In. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 13 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 800 to 1,775</td></tr> +<tr><td> Stmpd. En. Agt. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Hardware.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Hardware.jpg" + alt="Chart of Capital Invested in Manufacture of Hardware by State - headed by Connecticut" title="Chart of Capital Invested in Manufacture of Hardware by State - headed by Connecticut" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ansonia </td><td class="ar"> $2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Birmingham </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bridgeport </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bristol </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Danbury </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hartford </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Meriden </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Middletown </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Britain </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Haven </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> New London </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Norwalk </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Norwich </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> South Norwich </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Stamford </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Waterbury </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Willimantic </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> 38 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,800 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Number different industries, 4,488. Capital invested in manufacture: + rubber goods, $1,681,600; carpets, other than rag, $3,085,000; clocks, + $1,816,400; cotton goods, $21,104,200; woolen goods, $7,907,452; sewing + machines and attachments, $6,490,650.</p> + <p>Ranks first in clocks, third in silk goods, fourth in cotton goods, + eighth in tobacco.</p> + <p>Population, 622,700: male, 305,782; female, 316,918; native, 492,708; + foreign, 129,992; white, 610,769; colored, 11,547; Chinese, 123; + Japanese, 6; Indians, 255.</p> + <p>State elections, annual, at same date as congressional and + presidential; number Senators, 21; Representatives, 249; meeting of + legislature, Wednesday after first Monday in January; limit, none; term + of Senators, 2 years; of Representatives, 1 year.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 6; number voters, 177,291. Convicts and those + unable to read are excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 3, having about 160,000 volumes in libraries; Yale + College, at New Haven, founded, 1701. School age, 4-16.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; no penalty for usury, but more than 6 per + cent. can not be collected by law. <!-- Page 91 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page91"></a>{91}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Connecticut.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Connecticut.jpg" + alt="Map of Connecticut" title="Map of Connecticut" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 92 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page92"></a>{92}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NEW YORK.</span><span class="gap"></span><b>"Empire or Excelsior State."</b></p> + <p>One of the thirteen original States; named in honor of the Duke of + York to whom the patent was granted; first settled by Dutch, on Manhattan + Island, 1614.</p> + <p>Area, 49,170 square miles; extreme length, east and west, 412 miles; + extreme breadth, 311 miles; two-thirds of boundaries formed by navigable + rivers; total water frontage, 880 miles. Number counties, 60. Temperature + at Albany: winter, 22° to 36°; summer, 67° to 73°. Rainfall at Buffalo, + 34 inches, and at Penn Yan, 28 inches.</p> + <p>New York City, chief commercial point of United States, ranking 1st in + exports and imports; pop., 1,206,299,—greater by nearly + three-fifths than that of the Territories. Brooklyn is 2d in size; pop. + 566,663. Buffalo, "Queen City of the Lakes," is, next to Chicago, most + important shipping point for grain on the lakes; pop., 155,134. + Rochester, noted for manufactures and extensive nurseries; pop., 89,366. + Syracuse has extensive salt works; pop., 51,792. Albany, the capital; + pop., 90,758; customs districts, 10.</p> + <p>First railroad, from Albany to Schenectady, 1831; present railroad + mileage, 7,349; artificial waterways, 907 miles.</p> + <p>Number farms, 241,058; average value per acre, cleared land, $58.48; + woodland, $40.88</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gov'r </td><td class="ar"> $10,000 and house</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 7,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators &<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> 1,500<br /> +m'l'ge 10 cts.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agt. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pos. Stamp Agt. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> D. Supt. R'y Ser. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 12 Colls. Int. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 2,750 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Customs New York </td><td class="ar"> 12,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Assay O. </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Cheese_East.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Cheese_East.jpg" + alt="Chart of Cheese Production by State - headed by New York" title="Chart of Cheese Production by State - headed by New York" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Albany </td><td class="ar"> $3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auburn </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Binghamton </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brooklyn </td><td class="ar"> 3,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Buffalo </td><td class="ar"> 3,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elmira </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lockport </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newburgh </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> New York </td><td class="ar"> 8,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oswego </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Poughkeepsie </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rochester </td><td class="ar"> 3,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Saratoga Spr. </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Syracuse </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Troy </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Utica </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Watertown </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> 204 Post Offices </td><td class="ar"> 2,600 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Corn crop, 1884, 22,674,300 bu.; wheat, 12,729,000 bu. Latest reported + dairy products: milk, 231,965,533 gallons; butter, 116,119,847 lbs.; + cheese, 117,085,442 lbs. Ranks first in value of manufactures, soap, + printing and publishing, hops, hay, potatoes, buckwheat and milch cows; + second in salt, silk goods, malt and distilled liquors, miles railway and + barley; third in agricultural implements, iron ore, iron and steel, oats + and rye.</p> + <p>Population, 5,082,871: male, 2,505,322; female, 2,577,549; native, + 3,871,492; foreign, 1,211,379; white, 5,016,022; colored, 65,104; + Chinese, 909; Indians, 819. Governor and State officers elected + quadrennially, and legislature every two years; State, congressional and + presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number + Senators, 32; Representatives, 128; sessions of legislature annual, + meeting first Tuesday in January; limit of session, none; term of + Senators, 2 years; of Representatives, 1 year.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 36; number voters, 1,408,751; native white, + 852,094; foreign white, 536,598. Election betters or bribers, and + convicts, excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number of colleges, 28; school pop., 1,681,101; school age, 5-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits principal and interest. <!-- + Page 93 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page93"></a>{93}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_New_York.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_New_York.jpg" + alt="Map of New York" title="Map of New York" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 94 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page94"></a>{94}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">NEW JERSEY. </td><td>Jer´zee.<br /> +<b>"Jersey Blue."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Named in honor of a grantee, Sir George Carteret, at one time Governor + of the Island of Jersey. One of the thirteen original States, settled by + Dutch, at Bergen, 1620. Area, 7,815 square miles; extreme length, 157 + mls.; breadth, 37 to 70 mls.; frontage on Atlantic and Delaware Bay, + about 120 miles each. Number counties, 21.</p> + <p>Temperature at Atlantic City: winter, 32° to 42°; summer, 66° to 73°. + Rainfall at Newark, 45 inches.</p> + <p>Newark, Perth Amboy, Great Egg Harbor, Tuckerton, Bridgeton and + Lumberton are ports of entry. Newark, metropolis; population, 152,988. + Jersey City, a suburb of New York; population, 153,513. Trenton, capital; + pop. 34,386. Paterson, manufacturing city; pop., 63,273. Extensive zinc + works at Newark and Jersey City. Pop. Elizabeth, 32,119; Hoboken, 37,721; + Camden, 52,884.</p> + <p>Number farms, 34,307. Average value per acre, cleared land, $82.52; + woodland, $56.82. Number engaged in agriculture, 59,214.</p> + <p>Hay the most valuable crop; potato yield, 1883, 4,275,857 bu.; wheat, + 1884, 2,022,000 bu.; corn 10,992,032 bu.; cranberry growing a specialty, + Burlington, Ocean and Atlantic counties being especially adapted to this + industry. Central region a vast market garden.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 7,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 8 Asso. Justic's </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chancellor </td><td class="ar"> 10,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar vmi"> 500 a year</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Life Saving Service </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> 39 Keepers </td><td class="ar"> 700</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Collectors Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> $2,375 to 4,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Silk.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Silk.jpg" + alt="Chart of Value of Manufactured Silk Goods by State - headed by New Jersey" title="Chart of Value of Manufactured Silk Goods by State - headed by New Jersey" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asbury Park </td><td class="ar"> $2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Atlantic City </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bridgeton </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Camden </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elizabeth </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hoboken </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jersey City </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Morristown </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newark </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Brunswick </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Orange </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Paterson </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Plainfield </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rahway </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Trenton </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Washington </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> 46 P.O., </td><td class="ar"> 2,000 to 1,100</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Latest reports give, for cotton used, 20,569 bales; 108 factories for + silk and silk goods, and number hands employed, 12,549; 2,234 hands + employed in jewelry factories; number of flour and grist mills, 481; + brick and tile factories, 107.</p> + <p>Latest figures received for iron ore, 757,372; value sea fisheries, + $1,115,154; oysters sold, $2,080,625; marl dug in 1882, 1,080,000 + tons.</p> + <p>Ranks first in fertilizing marl, zinc and silk goods; fourth in iron + ore; fifth in iron and steel; sixth in buckwheat and soap; seventh in + rye.</p> + <p>Population, 1,131,116: male, 559,922; female, 571,194; native, + 909,416; foreign, 221,700: white, 1,092,017; colored, 38,853; Chinese, + 172; Indians, 74.</p> + <p>State elections annual; same date as congressional and presidential; + number of Senators 21, of Representatives, 60; meeting of legislature, 2d + Tuesday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 3 years; of + Representatives, 1 year. Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, + 300,635. Paupers, idiots, insane and convicts excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 4; number enrolled in public schools, 209,526; school + age, 5-18.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits entire interest. <!-- Page 95 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page95"></a>{95}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_New_Jersey.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_New_Jersey.jpg" + alt="Map of New Jersey" title="Map of New Jersey" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 96 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page96"></a>{96}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">PENNSYLVANIA. </td><td>Pen-sil-va´ne-ah.<br /> +<b>"Keystone State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Named in honor of William Penn, the grantee. One of the thirteen + original States. First permanent settlement made by Swedes at Chester, + 1638.</p> + <p>Area, 45,215 square miles; extreme length, 303 miles; greatest + breadth, 176 miles. Largest rivers, Delaware, Susquehanna, Alleghany + Monongahela, Ohio. Number counties, 67. Temp. at Philadelphia: winter, + 31° to 42°; summer, 70° to 75°: rainfall, 44 in.</p> + <p>Philadelphia founded 1682; chief city of State, and second in U. S.; + contains U. S. mint and navy yard; pop., 846,984. Pittsburg, extensive + manufacturing city; pop., 156,389. Harrisburg is capital; pop., 30,762. + Philadelphia, Pittsburg and Erie are ports of entry.</p> + <p>Number farms, 156,357, averaging about 100 acres each. Average value + per acre, cleared land, $45.75; woodland, $29.75. Corn crop, 1884, + 43,466,000 bushels; wheat, 20,820,000 bushels; annual value butter, milk + and cheese, over $35,000,000.</p> + <p>Manufacture of pig iron the great industry; total production in U. S., + 1880, 4,295,414 tons, of which Penn. produced 2,083,121 tons. Number + manufacturing establishments, 10,381; flour and grist, 2,873; iron and + steel, 321; sawed lumber, 2,826; paper, 78; woolen goods, 324.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $10,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 8,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 8,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0 vmi"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar">$1,000 for 100 days.<br /> +$10 per d.<br /> +Mileage 5 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Pension Agts. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 Colls. Int. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 4,500 to 2,375</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Customs, Philadelp'ia</td><td class="ar"> 8,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Glass.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Glass.jpg" + alt="Chart of Capital Invested in Manufacture of Glassware by State - headed by Pennsylvania" title="Chart of Capital Invested in Manufacture of Glassware by State - headed by Pennsylvania" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Alleghany </td><td class="ar"> $2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Allentown </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Altoona </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bradford </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Easton </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Erie </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Harrisburg </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lancaster </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Meadville </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Philadelphia </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pittsburg </td><td class="ar"> 3,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Reading </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Scranton </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Titusville </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wilkesbarre </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Williamsport </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> York </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> 149 Offices. </td><td class="ar"> 2,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Anthracite coal field central division; bituminous in west and + southwest. Produces all the anthracite and more than half the bituminous + coal of the United States.</p> + <p>Ranks first in rye, iron and steel, petroleum and coal; second in + buckwheat, potatoes and printing and publishing; third in milch cows, + hay, soap and miles railway; fourth in oats and tobacco; fifth in silk + goods, malt and distilled liquors; sixth in salt, copper, and + agricultural implements; eighth in horses and sheep.</p> + <p>Population, 4,282,891: male, 2,136,655; female, 2,146,236; native, + 3,695,062; foreign, 587,829; white, 4,197,016; colored, 85,535; Chinese, + 148; Japanese, 8; Indians, 184.</p> + <p>State elections annual, same date as congressional and presidential; + number Senators, 50; of Representatives, 201; sessions biennial, meeting + first Tuesday in January; limit of session, 150 days; term of Senators, 4 + years; of Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 30; number + voters, 1,094,284. Non-taxpayers and political bribers excluded from + voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 26; enrolled in public schools, 945,345; school age, + 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest. <!-- Page + 97 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page97"></a>{97}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Pennsylvania.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Pennsylvania.jpg" + alt="Map of Pennsylvania" title="Map of Pennsylvania" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 98 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page98"></a>{98}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">DELAWARE. </td><td>Del´a-war.<br /> +<b>"The Diamond State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>One of the thirteen original States; named in honor of Lord Delaware, + Governor of Virginia, who entered the bay, 1610. First permanent + settlement made by Swedes, near present city of Wilmington, 1638. First + to ratify Federal constitution, 1787.</p> + <p>Area, 2,050 square miles; extreme length, 96 miles; breadth, about 36 + miles on south, and 10 miles on north. Number counties, 8. Temperature at + Delaware breakwater: winter, 30° to 38°; summer, 69° to 74°: rainfall, + about 50 inches.</p> + <p>Wilmington, metropolis, and has important coasting trade; population, + 42,478. Dover is capital. Breakwater protecting Delaware Bay at Cape + Henlopen greatest work of its kind in America, cost the United States + $2,127,400, and was over 40 years in course of construction.</p> + <p>Number farms, 6,658, of which 5,041 are occupied by owners. Average + value per acre, cleared land, $19; woodland, $15.</p> + <p>Corn crop of 1884, 3,975,000 bushels; wheat, 1,007,000 bushels; + peaches, berries and garden products find ready market. Value peach crop, + over $1,500,000 annually. The growing of sweet potatoes a valuable + industry.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secy' of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,450</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> State Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 450</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chancellor </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $3 pr. day<br /> +and mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dist. Att. </td><td class="ar"> $200 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Inter. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,875</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Orchard.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Orchard.jpg" + alt="Chart of Values of Orchard Products per 1000 population - headed by Delaware" title="Chart of Values of Orchard Products per 1000 population - headed by Delaware" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> 6 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> $900 to 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Collector of Customs </td><td class="ar"> 500 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 500 to 1600</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Boatmen </td><td class="ar"> 300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dover </td><td class="ar"> $1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Middletown </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Milford </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newark </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newcastle </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Smyrna </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wilmington </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Number different industries, 746; flour and grist mills, 81; canning + and preserving, 33; shipbuilding, 18; lumber sawing, 86.</p> + <p>Canning and preserving fruits and vegetables an important industry; + capital invested, $396,379; value of products, $634,940.</p> + <p>Capital invested in fisheries, $268,231; persons employed, 1,979. + Value products general fisheries, $309,029: menhaden, $941; oysters, + $687,725: total, $997,695.</p> + <p>Value manufactured cotton goods, $1,057,257; iron and steel, + $2,347,177; iron pipe, wrought, $2,000,000; leather, dressed skins, + $1,886,597; shipbuilding, $2,162,503. Products of all manufacturing and + mechanical industries, $20,514,438.</p> + <p>Pop., 146,608: male, 74,108; female, 72,500; native, 137,140; foreign, + 9,468; white, 120,166; colored, 26,442; slaves, 1860, 1,798.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 9; Representatives, 21; sessions of + legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Tuesday in + January; limit of session, 21 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of + Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 3; number voters, + 38,298. Idiots, insane, paupers and criminals excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Colleges at Newark and Wilmington; school age: 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits the principal. <!-- Page 99 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page99"></a>{99}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Delaware.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Delaware.jpg" + alt="Map of Delaware" title="Map of Delaware" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 100 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page100"></a>{100}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MARYLAND.</span><span class="gap"></span>Mā´re-land.</p> + <p>One of the thirteen original States; named in honor of Maria, wife of + Charles II., King of England; first permanent settlement made by English + Roman Catholics at St. Mary's, 1634.</p> + <p>Area, 12,210 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 196 miles; + seacoast, 83 miles, or, including the tidewater region of Chesapeake Bay, + 411 miles, and, with shores of islands, 509 miles. Number counties, 23. + Temperature at Baltimore: winter, 33° to 41°; summer, 73° to 79°; + rainfall, 41 inches.</p> + <p>Baltimore, the metropolis; laid out 1730; port of entry and commercial + centre; has regular lines European steamers; pop., 332,313. Annapolis, + capital; contains United States Naval Academy; pop. 5,744. Cumberland, + depot of western mining region; pop., 10,693.</p> + <p>Number farms, 1860, 25,494; 1880, 40,517. Average value per acre + cleared land, $24.65; woodland, $35.50.</p> + <p>Value principal orchard products,—peaches, pears, plums and + apples,—nearly $2,000,000; canned and preserved fruits and + vegetables, over $2,000,000; oyster fisheries, nearly $5,000,000.</p> + <p>Wheat crop, 1884, 8,260,000 bu.; corn, 15,237,000 bu.; oats, 1,980,000 + bu.; buckwheat, 1883, 117,800 bu.; tobacco, 31,570,793 lbs.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 7 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Repres'ntatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $5 pr. day<br /> +and mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Colls. Int. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 2,625 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. of Customs </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Colls. </td><td class="ar"> 250 and 1,200 fees.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Naval Officer </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Oysters.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Oysters.jpg" + alt="Chart of Value of Oyster Fisheries by State - headed by Maryland" title="Chart of Value of Oyster Fisheries by State - headed by Maryland" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Annapolis </td><td class="ar"> $2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Baltimore </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bel Air </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cambridge </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Centreville </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chestertown </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cumberland </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Easton </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elkton </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ellicott City </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Emmittsburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Frederick </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Frostburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hagerstown </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Havre de Grace </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Port Deposit </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Salisbury </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Towson </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Westminster </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Number manufacturing establishments, 6,787; capital invested + $58,742,384; hands employed, 74,945; bales cotton used, 46,947; pig iron + produced, 61,437 tons; flour and grist mills, 546; tons coal mined, + 2,227,844.</p> + <p>Ranks fourth in coal, seventh in tobacco, eighth in copper, ninth in + iron ore. Copper is found in Frederick and Carroll counties; iron ore, in + Alleghany, Anne Arundel, Carroll, Baltimore, Frederick and Prince + George's counties.</p> + <p>Population, 934,943: male, 462,187; female, 472,756; native, 852,137; + foreign, 82,806 white, 724,693; colored, 210,230; Chinese, 5; Indians, + 15. Slaves, 1860, 87,189.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 26; Representatives, 91; sessions + biennial, in even-numbered years; meeting of legislature, first Wednesday + in January; limit of session, 90 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of + Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 8; number voters, 232,106; native white, + 144,586; foreign white, 38,936; colored, 48,584. Insane, convicts and + bribers excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 11; school population, 319,201; school age, 5-20.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest. <!-- Page + 101 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page101"></a>{101}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Maryland.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Maryland.jpg" + alt="Map of Maryland" title="Map of Maryland" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 102 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page102"></a>{102}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">VIRGINIA. </td><td>Ver-jin´e-ah.<br /> +<b>"Old Dominion."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Named in honor of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. One of the thirteen + original States. Settled by English at Jamestown, 1607. Slavery + introduced 1619. Seceded May, 1861; re-admitted Jan., 1870.</p> + <p>Area, 42,450 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 440 miles; + greatest breadth, 190 miles. Coast line, about 120 miles, or tidal + frontage, 1,500 miles. Number counties, 100. Temperature at Norfolk: + winter, 40° to 48°; summer, 75° to 80°. Rainfall at White Sulphur Spring, + 38 inches.</p> + <p>Richmond, capital and metropolis; pop., 63,600. Pop. of Norfolk + 21,966; of Petersburg, 21,656. Hampton Roads is one of the best harbors + on Atlantic coast. Seven ports of entry.</p> + <p>Number farms, 118,517; 51 per cent. of laborers are engaged in + agriculture. Average value per acre, cleared lands, $9.42; woodland, + $7.48.</p> + <p>Marble quarried on Potomac. Number sandstone quarries, 10; + shipbuilding establishments, 65; saw-mills, 907; sawed lumber, + $3,434,163; flour and grist mills, 1,385; value products, $12,210,272; + foundry and machine-shop, $1,361,231; iron and steel, $2,585,999; cotton + goods, $1,040,962; leather tanned, $1,011,830; slaughtering and meat + packing, $1,054,500. Total number industries, 5,710; capital invested, + $26,968,990; value products, $51,780,992.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec. Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant. Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r of Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. of Land O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pres. Sup. Ct. </td><td class="ar"> 3,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 J'dg's Sup. Ct.</td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Senators, Representatives </td><td class="ar"> $540 per year.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Colls. Int. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 3,000 to 4,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Peanuts.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Peanuts.jpg" + alt="Chart of Annual Amount of Peanut Crop by State - headed by Virginia" title="Chart of Annual Amount of Peanut Crop by State - headed by Virginia" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Abingdon </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Alexandria </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Charlottesville</td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Danville </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Freder'cksb'gh </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hampton </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Harrisonbu'gh </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lexington </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Liberty </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lynchburgh </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Norfolk </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Petersburgh </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Portsmouth </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Richmond </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Roanoke </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Staunton </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Winchester </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Post Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> $1,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Gold produced, 1882, $15,000; latest reported iron ore product, + 182,326 tons; zinc, 10,448 tons; lead, 11,200 tons.</p> + <p>Ranks first in peanuts, second in tobacco, eighth in salt and iron + ore.</p> + <p>Population, 1,512,565; male, 745,589; female, 766,976; native, + 1,497,869; foreign, 14,696; white, 880,858; colored, 631,616; Chinese, 6; + Indians, 85; slaves, 1860, 490,865.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 40; Representatives, 100; sessions + of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday + in December; limit of session, 90 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of + Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 12; number voters, 334,505; colored, 128,257; + native white, 198,277; foreign white, 7,971. Lunatics, idiots, convicts, + duelists, United States army, and non-taxpayers of capitation tax + excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 7; school population, 555,807; school age, 5-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 6; by contract, 8: usury forfeits excess over 6 per + cent. <!-- Page 103 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page103"></a>{103}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Virginia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Virginia.jpg" + alt="Map of Virginia" title="Map of Virginia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 104 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page104"></a>{104}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">WEST VIRGINIA. </td><td>Ver-jin´e-ah.<br /> +<b>"Pan-Handle State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Composed of northern and western counties of the original State of + Virginia; denounced passage of secession ordinance. April 22d, 1861; + became a State, 1863.</p> + <p>Area, 24,780 square miles; greatest length north and south, about 240 + miles; greatest breadth, 160 miles. Big Sandy, Great and Little Kanawha, + Guyandotte and Monongahela are navigable rivers. Number counties, 54. + Temperature at Morgantown: winter, 34° to 42°; summer, 70° to 75°. + Rainfall at Romney, 45 inches.</p> + <p>Charleston, capital; pop. 4,192. Wheeling metropolis, principal seat + of manufactures, and port of delivery; pop. 30,737. Parkersburg, port of + delivery; pop. 6,582. Pop. of Martinsburg, 6,335.</p> + <p>Number farms, 1870, 39,778; 1880, 62,674. Average value per acre + cleared land, $21.05; woodland, $9.39. A rich agricultural tract, 61 per + cent. of laborers engaged in agriculture; staples are tobacco, wheat and + corn, the last being the most valuable crop; number bu. grown 1884, being + 11,900,000; wheat, 3,318,000; oats, 2,212,000; tobacco, 1883, 1,952,872 + lbs.</p> + <p>On farms, Jan., 1884: Sheep, 671,226; swine, 424,626: annual wool + clip, 2,000,000 lbs. The yield of butter, 1880, was 9,315,895 lbs; of + fruit, over $1,000,000. Wine made 1880, 71,026 gallons; total value + lumber products, $2,431,857.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,000 and fees.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,000 and fees.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. of Free Schools </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Presiding Jdg. Supm. Court</td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asso. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 per d.<br /> +mileage 10 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Colls. Int. R. </td><td class="ar"> 2,875</td></tr> +<tr><td> 30 Deputy Colls. </td><td class="ar"> $700 to 1,600</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Corn.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Corn.jpg" + alt="Chart of Increase in Corn Crop 1870-1880 by State - headed by West Virginia" title="Chart of Increase in Corn Crop 1870-1880 by State - headed by West Virginia" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Charleston </td><td class="ar"> $2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Charlestown </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clarksburg </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fairmont </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Grafton </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Huntington </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lewisburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Martinsburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Morgantown </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Moundsville </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Parkersburg </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Piedmont </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pt. Pleasant </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wellsburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Weston </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wheeling </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Iron ore yields 50 to 80 per cent. pure metal, latest amount reported, + 61,216 tons; coal, 1,792,570 tons; salt, 2,679,438 bu.; petroleum is + extensively produced in Ritchie, Pleasants, Wood and Wirt counties. Ranks + fifth in salt and coal; eighth in buckwheat, iron and steel.</p> + <p>Population, 618,457; male, 314,495; female, 303,962; native, 600,192; + foreign, 18,265; white, 592,537; colored, 25,886; Indians, 29; 40 per + cent. increase in pop. 1870 to 1880; number slaves, 1860, 18,371. + Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every + two years; State elections, second Tuesday in October; congressional and + presidential, Tuesday after the first Monday in November; number + Senators, 26; Representatives, 65; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered + years; limit of session, 45 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of + Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 6; number voters, + 139,161; native white, 123,569; foreign white, 9,208; colored, 6,384. + Insane, paupers and convicts excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Flourishing free school system; school population, 216,605; school + age, 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 6; by contract, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest. + <!-- Page 105 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page105"></a>{105}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_West_Virginia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_West_Virginia.jpg" + alt="Map of West Virginia" title="Map of West Virginia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 106 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page106"></a>{106}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NORTH CAROLINA.</span><span class="gap"></span><b>"Old North State," "Tar State."</b></p> + <p>One of the thirteen original States; discovered by Lord Raleigh, 1584; + settled by English at Albemarle, 1650; seceded May, 1861, re-admitted + June, 1868.</p> + <p>Area, 52,250 square miles; length, 450 miles; breadth, 185 miles; + coast line, over 400 miles; area dismal swamp, 150,000 acres; number + counties, 96.</p> + <p>Temperature at Wilmington: winter, 46° to 51°; summer, 76° to 80°. + Frost seldom occurs before November. Rainfall at Gaston, 43 inches. + Deaths by consumption, 1.5 per 1,000 of population.</p> + <p>Wilmington, principal seaport and chief city; pop., 13,446; Raleigh, + capital, and contains the State institutions; pop., 7,790 Charlotte + contains assay office; pop., 4,473; pop. New Bern, 5,849.</p> + <p>Farms in 1860, 75,203, increased to 157,609 in 1880; average value per + acre, cleared land, $9.77; woodland, $5.53.</p> + <p>Agriculture the leading industry; corn the most valuable crop; tobacco + the leading product; value orchard products over $900,000. Latest reports + give 4,576,148 bu. sweet potatoes; 5,609,191 lbs. rice; value tar and + turpentine products, $1,758,488; tobacco crop, 1883, 29,048,213 lbs.; + wheat crop, 1884, 4,650,000 bu.; oats, 4,632,000 bu.; corn, 31,499,000 + bu.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r of Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> State Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 750</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day<br /> +mileage 10 c.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Collectors Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500 to 3,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> 64 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 300 to 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Copper_South.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Copper_South.jpg" + alt="Chart of Copper Production in Southern States - headed by North Carolina" title="Chart of Copper Production in Southern States - headed by North Carolina" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asheville </td><td class="ar"> $1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Charlotte </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Durham </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elizabeth City</td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fayetteville </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Goldsborough </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Greensborough </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Berne </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oxford </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Raleigh </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Reidsville </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Salisbury </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Statesville </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tarborough </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wilmington </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wilson </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Winston </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Ranks first in tar and turpentine, second in copper, third in peanuts + and tobacco, fourth in rice, ninth in cotton.</p> + <p>Number of different industries, 3,802; flour and grist mills, 1,313; + saw mills, 776; latest reported value oyster fisheries, $60,000; number + boats engaged in general fisheries, about 3,000; copper mined, 1,640,000 + lbs.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 50; Representatives, 120; sessions + biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Wednesday after first Monday in + January; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senator and Representatives, + two years each. Number electoral votes, 11; number voters, 294,750; + native white, 187,637; foreign white, 2,095; colored, 105,018. Convicts + are excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Population, 1,399,750: male, 687,908; female, 711,842; natives, + 1,396,008; foreign, 3,742; white, 867,242: colored, 531,278; Indians, + 1,230. Slaves, 1860, 331,059.</p> + <p>Public school system adopted 1840; at present over 2,000 public + schools in operation; school age, 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits interest. <!-- + Page 107 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page107"></a>{107}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_North_Carolina.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_North_Carolina.jpg" + alt="Map of North Carolina" title="Map of North Carolina" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 108 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page108"></a>{108}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">SOUTH CAROLINA. </td><td>South Kar-o-lī´na.<br /> +<b>"Palmetto State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Named in honor of Charles II. of England, by whom the province was + created in 1663. One of the thirteen original States. First permanent + settlement made by English at Port Royal, 1670. Famous nullification + troubles occurred 1832-33; led by J. C. Calhoun, and opposed vigorously + by Pres. Jackson, during which his famous expression "by the Eternal" was + first used. Seceded November, 1860; re-admitted June, 1868.</p> + <p>Area, 30,170 square miles; extreme length, 275 miles; greatest + breadth, 210 miles; coast line, 200 miles. Largest rivers, Savannah, + Great Pee Dee, Santee and Edisto. Number counties, 84.</p> + <p>Temperature at Charleston: summer, 79° to 83°; winter, 50° to 54°; + rainfall, 43 inches; frosts seldom occur. Aiken, noted winter resort for + consumptives. Deaths, consumption, 1.5 per 1,000 population.</p> + <p>Charleston, largest city; laid out 1680; population, 49,984; port of + entry; seat of a Catholic bishop. United States customs districts at + Beaufort, Charleston and Georgetown.</p> + <p>First railroad to use American locomotives, the South Carolina, built + 1830-33; number miles railroad January 1, 1886, 1,693.</p> + <p>Number farms, 1860, 33,171; 1870, 51,889; 1880, 93,864. Average value + per acre, cleared land, $6.24; woodland, $8.64.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State. </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Compt'ller Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r Agricult. </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adj & Insp. Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk of Supreme</td></tr> +<tr><td> Court </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $5 pr. day<br /> +mileage 10 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 3,250</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Rice.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Rice.jpg" + alt="Chart of Rice Production by State - headed by South Carolina" title="Chart of Rice Production by State - headed by South Carolina" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Aiken </td><td class="ar"> $1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Anderson C.H. </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Beaufort </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Camden </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Charleston </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chester C.H. </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Columbia </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Florence </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Georgetown </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Greenville C.H. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marion </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newberry C.H. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Orangeb'h C.H. </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rock Hill </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Spart'nb'h C.H. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sumter C.H. </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Union </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Winnsborough </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Yorkville </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Number of flour and grist mills, 720; value of lumber products, + $2,031,507; tar and turpentine, $1,893,206; oyster fishery, $20,000; sea, + river and lake fisheries, $192,482. Ranks first in phosphates; + production, 332,077 tons; value, $1,992,462.</p> + <p>Gold mines in Abbeville, Edgefield and Union counties; first mint + deposits, $3,500 in 1827; aggregate to June 30, 1883, $1,468,854. White + and variegated marbles found in Spartanburgh and Laurens counties.</p> + <p>Population 995,577: male, 490,408; female, 505,169; native, 987,891; + foreign, 7,686; white, 391,105; colored, 604,332; Chinese, 9; Indians, + 131. Number persons per square mile, 33. Slaves, 1860, 402,406.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; State Senators, 35; Representatives, 124; sessions + annual, meeting fourth Tuesday in November; limit of session, none; term + of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 205,789; colored, 118,889; + native white, 82,910; foreign white, 3,990. Insane, inmates of asylums, + alms-houses and prisons, U. S. army and duelists excluded from + voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 9; school population, 262,279; school age, 6-16.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 109 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page109"></a>{109}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_South_Carolina.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_South_Carolina.jpg" + alt="Map of South Carolina" title="Map of South Carolina" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 110 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page110"></a>{110}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">GEORGIA. </td><td>Jor´je-a.<br /> +<b>"Empire State of the South."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Farthest south and latest settled of the thirteen original States; + named in honor of George II., King of England; settled by English at + Savannah, 1753; seceded Jan., 1861; re-admitted Dec. 1870.</p> + <p>Area 59,475 square miles; extreme length, 320 miles; extreme breadth, + 254 miles; coast line, 480 miles; number harbors, 3. Savannah, Ogeechee, + Altamaha, Satilla, St. Mary's, Flint, Chattahoochee and Upper Coosa are + navigable rivers. Number counties, 137.</p> + <p>Temperature at Augusta: winter, 46° to 52°; summer, 79° to 83°. + Rainfall at Savannah, 48 inches.</p> + <p>Savannah, Brunswick and St. Mary's are ports of entry. Savannah, chief + seaport; pop., 27,891. Columbus contains largest cotton mill in the + South; pop., 10,123. Atlanta is capital; pop., 37,409. Andersonville, + seat of largest rebel prison during the Rebellion.</p> + <p>Number farms, 1860, 62,003; 1880, 138,626. Average value per acre, + cleared land, $6.93; woodland, $5.45. 72 per cent. of laborers engaged in + agriculture; rural income, $155 per individual.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Compt'ller Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r Agricult. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 pr. day<br /> +and mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> D. Supt. R'y Ser. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Collectors Inter. Rev.</td><td class="ar"> 2,500 to 3,125</td></tr> +<tr><td> 24 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 300 to 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Customs Surveyor </td><td class="ar"> 1,000 & fees.</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_500_Acres.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_500_Acres.jpg" + alt="Chart of Large Farms by State - headed by Georgia" title="Chart of Large Farms by State - headed by Georgia" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Albany </td><td class="ar"> $1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Americus </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Athens </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Atlanta </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Augusta </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brunswick </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Columbus </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cuthbert </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dalton </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gainesville </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Griffin </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Macon </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Madison </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marietta </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rome </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Savannah </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Thomasville </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> 13 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Sheep on farms, Jan., 1884, 543,415. Corn crop, 1884, 30,925,000 bu.; + wheat, 3,130,000; oats, 6,270.000 bu.; cotton, 760,000 bales. Latest + reported rice crop, 25,369,687 lbs.; sweet potatoes, 4,397,778 bu.; + tobacco, 228,590 lbs; wool, 1,289,560 pounds. Ranks second in rice and + sweet potatoes, third in cotton and molasses, fourth in sugar, seventh in + mules, tenth in hogs.</p> + <p>Gold production, 1793-1883, $8,043,250. Latest mining reports give + 100,000 tons coal and 91,416 tons iron ore.</p> + <p>Population, 1,542,180: male, 762,981; female, 779,199; native, + 1,531,616; foreign, 10,564; white, 816,906; colored, 725,133; Chinese, + 17; Indians, 124. State elections, first Wednesday in October; + congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; + number Senators, 44; Representatives, 175; sessions biennial, in + even-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in November; limit of + session, 40 days, unless extended by special vote; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 12; number voters, 321,438; colored, 143,471; + native white, 172,044; foreign white, 5,923. Idiots, insane, criminals + and non-taxpayers excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 7; State University at Athens, organized 1801; public + schools excellent; school age, 6-18.</p> + <p>No State license law governing commercial travelers; but Atlanta, + Athens, Augusta and Savannah exact a tax.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 7; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess of interest. + <!-- Page 111 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page111"></a>{111}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Georgia.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Georgia.jpg" + alt="Map of Georgia" title="Map of Georgia" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 112 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page112"></a>{112}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">FLORIDA. </td><td>Flor´e-dah<br /> +<b>"Peninsula State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Discoverer landed on Easter Sunday, or "Flowery Easter;" hence the + name.</p> + <p>Settled by Spaniards at St. Augustine, 1565; organized as a Territory, + 1822; admitted as a State, 1845; seceded 1861; re-admitted 1868</p> + <p>Area, 58,680 square miles; coastline, 1,146 miles, 472 being on the + Atlantic; length, north and south, 350 miles; length, east and west, 340 + miles; mean width of peninsula, 100 miles; greatest elevation, 250 feet. + Number counties, 39.</p> + <p>Temperature at Jacksonville: winter, 55° to 61°; summer, 80° to 83°. + Rainfall at Fort Myers, 57 inches.</p> + <p>Key West, the metropolis, and has good harbor and naval station pop., + 9,890. Jacksonville, an important commercial point; pop., 7,650. St. + Augustine, oldest town in United States. Tallahassee, the capital. Pop. + Pensacola, 6,845.</p> + <p>Number farms, 23,438; owned by State, 15,000,000 acres; value per + acre, cleared land, $9.48; woodland, $3.03; swamp, $1; school lands, + $1.25.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Land Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $6 a day<br /> +and 10c a mile.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 38 Lighthouse Keepers</td><td class="ar"> 370 to 820</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Florida_Farm.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Florida_Farm.jpg" + alt="Chart of Farm Production by Crop (Florida)" title="Chart of Farm Production by Crop (Florida)" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cedar Keys </td><td class="ar"> $1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> De Land </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eustis </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fernandina </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gainesville </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jacksonville </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Key West </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ocala </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Orlando </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Palatka </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pensacola </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> St. Augustine</td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sanford </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tallahassee </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tampa </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Corn most valuable crop, returns of 1884, 3,837,200 bushels; oats, + 494,000 bu.; cotton, 60,000 bales; latest reported tobacco, 24,239 + pounds; rice, 1,294,677 pounds; peaches, 89,028 bushels; sugar, 1,273 + hogsheads; honey, 210,357 pounds; molasses, 1,029,868 gallons. Over + 3,000,000 orange trees planted since 1870, and millions of oranges + exported yearly.</p> + <p>Latest reported fisheries, $78,408; lumber products, $3,060,291; + oysters, 20,000 bushels.</p> + <p>Ranks third in sugar and molasses, sixth in rice, tenth in cotton.</p> + <p>Population, 269,493: male, 136,444; female, 133,049; native, 259,584; + foreign, 9,909; white, 142,605; colored, 126,690; Indians, 180; slaves, + 1860, 61,745.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 32; Representatives, 76; sessions of + legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after first + Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; + of Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 61,699; colored, 27,489; + native white, 30,351; foreign white, 3,859. Idiots, insane, criminals, + betters on elections and duelists excluded from voting.</p> + <p>School population, 88,677; enrolled in public schools, 39,315 school + age, 4-21.—Legal interest rate, 8; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page + 113 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page113"></a>{113}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Florida.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Florida.jpg" + alt="Map of Florida" title="Map of Florida" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 114 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page114"></a>{114}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ALABAMA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Al-a-bah´mah.</p> + <p>Name derived from an Indian word signifying, "Here we rest."</p> + <p>Settled near Mobile Bay by French, 1702; admitted as a State, 1819; + seceded 1861; re-admitted 1868.</p> + <p>Area, 52,250 square miles, same as North Carolina; length, 330 miles; + average breadth, 154 miles; seacoast, about 60 miles. Inland steam + navigation about 1,500 miles; Mobile the only seaport. Number counties, + 66.</p> + <p>Temperature at Augusta: winter, 46° to 52°; summer, 79° to 83°. + Rainfall at Huntsville, 55 inches. July the hottest month. Fruit trees + blossom February 1st to March 1st.</p> + <p>Montgomery, capital; pop., 16,713. Huntsville, the northern trade + centre; pop., 4,977. Selma, an important railroad centre; pop., 7,529. + Mobile, metropolis; pop., 29,132.</p> + <p>Number farms, 135,864. Average value per acre, cleared land, $6.53; + woodland, $4.08. Sugar product, 94 hogsheads; molasses, 795,199 gallons; + tobacco crop, 1882, 475,456 lbs.; hay, 10,882 acres, or 12,513 tons; + oats, 1884, 405,830 acres, or 5,015,000 bu.; corn, 30,197,000 bu.; + cotton, 661,000 bales.</p> + <p>Number industries, 2,070; flour and grist mills, 807; saw mills, 354. + Total capital invested, $9,668,008; value products, $13,565,504.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,150</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 R. R. Commissioners</td><td class="ar"> 2,000 to 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 pr. day<br /> +and 20c mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Colls. Int. Rev.</td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 16 Colls. Int. Revenue</td><td class="ar"> 1,000 to 1,400</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Agriculture.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Agriculture.jpg" + alt="Chart of Persons Engaged in Agriculture by State - headed by Alabama" title="Chart of Persons Engaged in Agriculture by State - headed by Alabama" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Anniston </td><td class="ar"> $1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Birmingham </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eufaula </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Florence </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gadsden </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Greenville </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Huntsville </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marion </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mobile </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Montgomery </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Opelika </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Selma </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Talladega </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Troy </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tuscaloosa </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Union Springs </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Uniontown </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Postoffices </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Mineral region in northeast corner, extending southwest, about 160 + miles, with average width of about 80 miles; contains three distinct coal + fields, area over 5,000 square miles, and beds, 1 to 8 feet thick; + limestone, sandstone, and iron ore near the coal.</p> + <p>Ranks fourth in cotton, fifth in mules and molasses, sixth in sugar, + seventh in rice and iron ore.</p> + <p>Population, 1,262,505: male, 622,629; female, 639,876; native, + 1,252,771; foreign, 9,734; white, 662,185; colored, 600,107; Indians, + 218; slaves, 1860, 435,080.</p> + <p>State elections biennial, first Monday in August; congressional and + presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, + 33; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in + even-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after second Monday in November; + limit of session, 50 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, + 2 years.</p> + <p>Number of electoral votes, 10; number of voters, 262,737; colored, + 118,423; native white, 136,058; foreign white, 8,256. Indians, idiots and + persons convicted of crime excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 4; school population, 401,002; school age, 7-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 8; usury forfeits entire interest. <!-- Page 115 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page115"></a>{115}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Alabama.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Alabama.jpg" + alt="Map of Alabama" title="Map of Alabama" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 116 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page116"></a>{116}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">MISSISSIPPI. </td><td>Mis´sis-sip´pi.<br /> +<b>"The Bayou State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name of Indian origin, signifying "Father of Waters."</p> + <p>First permanent settlement at Natchez, 1716; admitted 1817; seceded + 1861; re-admitted 1870.</p> + <p>Area, 46,810 square miles; extreme length, 332 miles; extreme breadth, + 189 miles; mean breadth, 142 miles; gulf frontage, including + irregularities and islands, 287 miles; harbors at Pascagonia, Biloxi, + Mississippi City and Shieldsborough. Number counties, 74.</p> + <p>Temperature at Vicksburg: winter, 47° to 56°; summer, 80° to 83°. + Rainfall, Natchez, 54 inches.</p> + <p>Jackson, the capital; pop., 5,204. Natchez, an important shipping + point; pop., 7,058. Vicksburg, an extensive cotton market; pop., + 11,814.</p> + <p>Railroad mileage, 1844, 26; Jan. 1, 1886, 1,947.</p> + <p>Number farms, 101,772. Average value per acre: cleared land, $7.88; + woodland, $3.78.</p> + <p>Latest reports give 3,501 acres in rice; sugar cane, 4,555 acres; + tobacco, 1,595 acres; corn, 1,889,600 acres; cotton, 847,000 bales; sweet + potatoes, 3,610,660 bu.; wine, 209,845 gals.; molasses, 536,625 gals.; + bales cotton used, 6,411; looms, 704; spindles, 26,172.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Atty. General </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Edu. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r Agricult. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Land Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar vmi"> $400 a year</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,750</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Cloth.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Cloth.jpg" + alt="Chart of Cloth Manufacture in the Southern States - headed by Mississippi" title="Chart of Cloth Manufacture in the Southern States - headed by Mississippi" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Aberdeen $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brookhaven 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Canton 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Columbus 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Corinth 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Greenville 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Grenada 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Holly Springs 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jackson 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Kosciusko 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Meridian 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Natchez 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Okolona 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oxford 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Vicksburgh 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> West Point 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Winona 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Yazoo City 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 P.O. $1,100 and 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Forest area very large; pine, oak, chestnut, walnut and magnolia trees + grow on uplands and bluffs, and long-leafed pine on islands and in sandy + regions of the south; cotton lands mostly in Yazoo and Mississippi + bottoms.</p> + <p>Ranks second in cotton, fifth in rice, sixth in mules and molasses, + seventh in sugar.</p> + <p>Population, 1,131,597: male, 567,177; female, 564,420; native, + 1,122,388; foreign, 9,209; white, 479,398; colored, 650,291; Chinese, 51; + Indians, 1,857; slaves, 1860, 436,631.</p> + <p>Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature + every two years; State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday + after first Monday in Nov.; sessions of legislature biennial, in + even-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after first Monday in January; limit + of session, none; number Senators, 37; Representatives, 120; term of + Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 238,532; colored, 130,278; + native white, 102,580; foreign white, 5,674. Idiots, insane and criminals + excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 8; school population, 444,131; school age, 5-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess of int. <!-- + Page 117 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page117"></a>{117}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Mississippi.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Mississippi.jpg" + alt="Map of Mississippi" title="Map of Mississippi" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 118 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page118"></a>{118}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">LOUISIANA. </td><td>Loo-ee-ze-ah´na.<br /> +<b>"Creole State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Named in honor of Louis XIV., King of France, when Louisiana was first + colonized; first permanent settlement made by French at New Orleans, + 1718: admitted 1812; seceded January, 1861; re-admitted June, 1868.</p> + <p>Area, 48,720 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 300 miles; + breadth, 240 miles; coast line, 1,256 miles; internal water + communication, 2,500 miles; number counties, 58.</p> + <p>Temperature at New Orleans: winter, 53° to 61°; summer, 81° to 83°; + rainfall, 51 inches.</p> + <p>New Orleans, metropolis, port of entry and largest cotton market in + the world; pop., 216,090; capital until 1847, and again from 1868 to + 1881. Baton Rouge, capital; pop., 7,197. Pop. Shreveport, 8,009. Morgan + City, port of entry. State institution for insane at Jackson; for deaf + mutes and blind, Baton Rouge.</p> + <p>Number farms, 1860, 17,328; 1870, 28,481; 1880, 48,292. Average value + per acre, cleared land, $14.36; woodland, $3.53; 57 per cent. of laborers + are engaged in agriculture; rural income, per capita, $209. Latest + statistics give 312,000 bu. salt; 1,318,110 bu. sweet potatoes; 175,000 + acres sugar cane; 122,982 hhds. sugar; 11,696,248 gals. molasses; + 23,188,311 lbs. rice; corn crop, 1884, 11,007,000 bu.; acreage of oats, + 35,119, producing 404,000 bu.; cotton, 995,000 bales.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> $8 pr day</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000 </td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r of Agr. and Immig. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000 </td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 pr day<br /> +and mileage</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 District Judges</td><td class="ar"> 3,500 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. of Customs, N. O. </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Inter. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 3,875</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Molasses.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Molasses.jpg" + alt="Chart of Molasses Production by State - headed by Louisiana" title="Chart of Molasses Production by State - headed by Louisiana" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> Chf. Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. of Mint </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cashier </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Alexandria </td><td class="ar"> $1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Baton Rouge </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Donaldsonville </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Franklin </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lake Charles </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Monroe </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Iberia </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Orleans </td><td class="ar"> 3,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Opelousas </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Plaquemine </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Shreveport </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Thibodeaux </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Ranks first in sugar and molasses, third in rice, seventh in cotton, + ninth in salt. Total number industries, 1,553; capital invested, + $11,462,468; value products, $24,205,183.</p> + <p>Population, 939,946: male, 468,754; female, 471,192; native, 885,800; + foreign, 54,146; white, 454,954; colored, 483,655; Chinese, 489; Indians, + 848; slaves, 1860, 331,726. Legislature and State officers elected + quadrennially; members Congress, biennially. State elections, Tuesday + after third Monday in April; number Senators, 36; Representatives, 98; + sessions biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting second Monday in May; + limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 4 years + each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 8; number voters, 216,787; colored, 107,977; + native white, 81,777; foreign white, 27,033. Idiots, insane and criminals + excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Sugar cane first cultivated in the United States, near New Orleans, + 1751, and first sugar mill used 1758.</p> + <p>Exports, 1882, $90,238,503; imports, $10,611,353; duties collected, + $2,046,804; railroad mileage, Jan. 1, 1886, 1,397.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 5; by contract, 8; usury forfeits entire interest. + <!-- Page 119 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page119"></a>{119}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Louisiana.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Louisiana.jpg" + alt="Map of Louisiana" title="Map of Louisiana" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 120 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page120"></a>{120}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">TEXAS. </td><td> Tex´as. <br /> +<b>"Lone Star State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Origin of name not definitely known; supposed by some have been name + of Indian tribe.</p> + <p>First settlement by French on the Lavaca, 1685; admitted 1845; seceded + February, 1861; re-admitted 1868.</p> + <p>Area, 265,780 square miles; extreme length, 825 miles; extreme + breadth, 740 miles; coastline, 400 miles; number counties 230. + Temperature at Galveston: winter, 53° to 63°; summer, 82° to 84°. + Rainfall at Fort Brown, 33 inches.</p> + <p>Brownsville, El Paso, Indianola and Galveston are ports of entry. + Houston, important railroad centre; pop., 16,513. Galveston, metropolis, + has best harbor, and is chief shipping point; pop., 22,248. Austin, the + capital; pop., 11,013. San Antonio, oldest town; pop., 20,550. Pop. + Dallas, 10,358.</p> + <p>Number farms, 174,184; average value per acre, cleared land, $8.98; + woodland, $4.</p> + <p>Cotton most valuable crop; acreage, 1883, 3,034,922; crop, 1,118,000 + bales. Latest reported products, 4,951 hhds. sugar, 13,000 bbls. + molasses, 1,460,079 bu. sweet potatoes, 5,560,600 bu. wheat, 60,290,000 + bu. corn, 35,528 gals. wine, 13,899,320 lbs. butter, 50,600 bu. salt, + 3,600 tons iron ore; coal area, 6,000 square miles.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> $5 a day</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Land Com. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Railroad Com. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $5 a day<br /> +and mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Colls. Inter. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 2,500 to 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> 17 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 300 to 1,850</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Texas_Land.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Texas_Land.jpg" + alt="Chart of Cultivated Uncultivated and Timber Land (Texas)" title="Chart of Cultivated Uncultivated and Timber Land (Texas)" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Austin </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brenham </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Corsicana </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dallas </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Denison City </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> El Paso </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fort Worth </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gainesville </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Galveston </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Houston </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Laredo </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marshall </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Palestine </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> San Antonio </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sherman </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Waco </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 54 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,900 to 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> 7 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Cotton picking, July to December; corn planting, middle of February; + grain harvest, May; corn harvest, July.</p> + <p>Ranks first in cattle and cotton; second in sugar, sheep, mules and + horses; sixth in miles railway; seventh in milch cows; eighth in rice and + hogs.</p> + <p>Value flouring and grist mill products, $7,617,177; sawed lumber, + $3,673,449; total number industries, 2,996; capital invested, $9,245,561; + value products, $20,719,928.</p> + <p>Pop., 1,591,749: male, 837,840; female, 753,909; native, 1,477,133; + foreign, 114,616; white, 1,197,237; colored, 393,384; Chinese, 136; + Indians, 992.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 31; Representatives, 106; sessions + of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Tuesday in + January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of + Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 380,376. U. S. army, + lunatics, idiots, paupers and convicts excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 10; school pop., 295,344; school age, 8-14.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 8; by contract, 12; usury forfeits entire interest. + <!-- Page 121 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page121"></a>{121}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Texas.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Texas.jpg" + alt="Map of Texas" title="Map of Texas" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 122 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page122"></a>{122}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">ARKANSAS. </td><td>Ar´kan-saw.<br /> +<b>"Bear State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name of Indian origin, signifying "Smoky Water," with prefix from + French meaning "Bow."</p> + <p>Settled at Arkansas Post by French, 1685; became a Territory, 1819; + admitted as a State, 1836; seceded March 4, 1861; re-admitted 1868</p> + <p>Area, 53,850 square miles; length, north and south, 240 miles; + breadth, from 170 to 250 miles; Mississippi river frontage, about 400 + miles. Number counties, 75.</p> + <p>Temperature at Little Bock: winter, 42° to 51°; summer, 79° to 82°. + Rainfall, at Fort Smith, 40 in.; and at Washington, 55 in.</p> + <p>Hot Springs, in Garland county, famous for valuable medicinal springs; + temperature of water, over 140°. Little Rock, the capital and metropolis; + population, 13,138.</p> + <p>Number farms, 94,433. Average value per acre, cleared land, $11.78; + woodland, $3.48.</p> + <p>Corn crop, 1884, 32,465,000 bushels; wheat, 1,885,000 bushels; cotton, + 513,000 bales. Latest reported tobacco crop, 1,952,872 pounds; oats, + 3,542,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 881,260 bushels. Ranks sixth in + cotton, and ninth in mules.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst'n </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Land Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar vmi"> $6 a day.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dist. Atty. </td><td class="ar"> $200 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asst. Dist. Attys. </td><td class="ar"> $1,200, 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Arkansas_Crops.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Arkansas_Crops.jpg" + alt="Chart of Comparative Values of Farm Crops (Arkansas)" title="Chart of Comparative Values of Farm Crops (Arkansas)" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Arkadelphia </td><td class="ar"> $1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Batesville </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Camden </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dardanelle </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eureka Springs </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fayetteville </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Forest City </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fort Smith </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Helena </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hope </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hot Springs </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jonesborough </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Little Rock </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newport </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pine Bluff </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Prescott </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Texarkana </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Van Buren </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Number different industries, 2,070; for tar and turpentine, 26; sawing + lumber, 354; flour and grist, 807.</p> + <p>Coal along Arkansas river; iron ores in Ozark Mountains; salt springs + near Ouachita; oilstone near Hot Springs; kaolin in Pulaski county.</p> + <p>Population, 802,525; male, 416,279; female, 386,246; native, 792,175; + foreign, 10,350; white, 591,531; colored, 210,666; Chinese, 133; Indians, + 195; slaves, 1860, 111,115.</p> + <p>State elections biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Monday + in September; congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after + first Monday in November; number Senators, 31; Representatives, 94; + sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second + Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; + of Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 7; number voters, 182,977; native white, + 129,675; foreign white, 6,475; colored, 46,827. Idiots, Indians, and + persons convicted of crime excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 5; school population, 289,617; school age, 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits principal and + interest. <!-- Page 123 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page123"></a>{123}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Arkansas.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Arkansas.jpg" + alt="Map of Arkansas" title="Map of Arkansas" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 124 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page124"></a>{124}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">MISSOURI. </td><td> Mis-soo´ree.<br /> +<b>"The Pennsylvania of the West."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name signifies "Mud River," and was taken from that of the river of + same name. First settled at Ste. Genevieve by the French in 1755; + organized as a Territory, 1812; admitted 1821.</p> + <p>Area, 69,415 square miles, nearly that of combined ares of New England + States; length, north and south, 275 miles; average breadth, 245 miles; + Mississippi river frontage, nearly 500 miles; number counties, 115.</p> + <p>Temperature at St. Louis: winter, 30° to 43°; summer, 75° to 80°; + rainfall, 42 inches.</p> + <p>St. Louis, largest city west of the Mississippi, port of entry and + great commercial and manufacturing point; pop., 350,518. Capital, + Jefferson City; pop., 5,271. Pop. St. Joseph, 32,431; of Kansas + City,—Chicago of the West,—55,787.</p> + <p>Number farms, 215,575; average value per acre, cleared land, $14.52; + woodland, $8.25.</p> + <p>Corn crop, 1884, 197,850,000 bu.; wheat, 27,500,000 bu.; oats, + 30,774,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 6,535,570 bu.; tobacco, 10,540,000 + lbs.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Sch'ls </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Register Lands </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Railr'd Com'rs </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Ins. Dep't. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $5 a day &<br /> +mileage and $30</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Collectors Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,250 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor of Cust. St. L. </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Lead.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Lead.jpg" + alt="Chart of Lead Ore mined by State - headed by Missouri" title="Chart of Lead Ore mined by State - headed by Missouri" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Carthage </td><td class="ar"> $2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chillicothe </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clinton </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Columbia </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hannibal </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jefferson City </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Joplin </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Kansas City </td><td class="ar"> 3,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Louisiana </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Maryville </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mexico </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Moberly </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nevada </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Saint Joseph </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Saint Louis </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sedalia </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Springfield </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Warrensburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> 60 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,700 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Latest reports give 548,990 tons coal; iron ore, 388,197 tons, value + at $1,674,875; marble and limestone, 4,419,300 cubic feet. Lead is found + in southwest, centre and southeast, having area of over 5,000 square + miles.</p> + <p>Latest reported stock on farms; horses, 701,702; milch cow, 674,565; + cattle other than cows and oxen, 1,410,507; sheep, 1,439,880; swine, + 4,087,566. Hogs packed winter 1881-82, 804,239.</p> + <p>Ranks first in mules; third in oxen, hogs, corn and copper; sixth in + iron ore, milch cows and horses; seventh in oats; eighth in wheat and + tobacco; ninth in railroad mileage, sheep and potatoes.</p> + <p>Population, 2,168,380; male, 1,127,187; females 1,041,193; native, + 1,966,802; foreign, 211,578; white, 2,022,826; colored, 145,350; Chinese, + 91; Indians, 113.</p> + <p>Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature + every two years. State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday + after 1st Monday in November; number Senators, 34; Representatives, 141; + sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting + Wednesday after January 1st; limit of session 70 days; term of Senators, + 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 16; number + voters, 541,207. U. S. army and inmates of asylums, poorhouses and + prisons, excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 17; school population, 741,632; school age, 6-20.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits entire + interest. <!-- Page 125 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page125"></a>{125}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Missouri.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Missouri.jpg" + alt="Map of Missouri" title="Map of Missouri" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 126 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page126"></a>{126}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">TENNESSEE. </td><td> Tĕn-nę-see´.<br /> +<b>"Big Bend State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name derived from "Tannassee," Indian name for Little Tennessee river. + First permanent settlement, 1756, on Tennessee river about 30 miles from + present site of Knoxville; first Anglo-American settlement west of the + Alleghanies and south of Pennsylvania; admitted 1845; seceded February, + 1861; re-admitted 1868.</p> + <p>Area, 42,050 square miles, nearly that of Virginia; greatest length + east and west, 432 miles; greatest breadth, 109 miles. Number of + counties, 96.</p> + <p>Temperature at Nashville: winter, 37° to 48°; summer, 75° to 81°. + Rainfall at Memphis, 45 inches.</p> + <p>Nashville, capital and metropolis, also most wealthy and prosperous + city; population, 43,350. Memphis, principal grain and cotton market + between St. Louis and New Orleans; pop., 33,592. Population Chattanooga, + 12,898; of Jackson, 8,377; of Knoxville. 9,693.</p> + <p>First railroad; a portion of the Nashville & Chattanooga, between + Nashville and Bridgeport, 1853; mileage, Jan. 1, 1886, 2,178.</p> + <p>Number farms, 165,650. Value per acre, cleared land, $13; woodland, + $7.28. Corn crop of 1884, 65,723,000 bu.; wheat, 9,320,000 bu.; cotton, + 314,000 bales; potatoes, 1883, 2,404,647 bu.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,800 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst'n. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 RR. Comm'rs </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day &<br /> +16c. a mile.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Colls. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 4,375 to 2,250</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Mules.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Mules.jpg" + alt="Chart of Value of Mules by State - headed by Tennessee" title="Chart of Value of Mules by State - headed by Tennessee" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bristol </td><td class="ar"> $1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brownsville </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chattanooga </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clarksville </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Columbia </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dyersburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gallatin </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jackson </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jonesborough </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Knoxville </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lebanon </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Memphis </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Murfr'sborough </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nashville </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pulaski </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Shelbyville </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Union City </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Post Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Post Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Most valuable minerals are iron, copper and coal; area coal fields, + over 5,000 square miles; product of pig iron, 70,873 tons; copper region + in southwest, producing, from 1870 to 1880, nearly 13,000,000 lbs. ingot + copper; excellent marbles and limestones, $131,700 being invested in + quarries.</p> + <p>Ranks second in peanuts, average yield being 40 bu. per acre; third in + mules; sixth in tobacco, yield being 707 lbs. per acre; seventh in + copper; seventh in hogs; ninth in corn and cotton. Hemp, broom corn and + flax are also valuable products.</p> + <p>Population, 1,542,359: male, 769,277; female, 773,082; native, + 1,525,657; foreign, 16,702; white, 1,138,831; colored, 403,151; Chinese, + 25; Indians, 352. Slaves, 1860, 275,719.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 99; sessions + biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit + of session, 75 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each. + Number electoral votes, 12; number voters, 571,244; native white, + 240,939; foreign white, 250,055; colored, 80,250. Non-payers of poll-tax + excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate; usury forfeits excess + of interest and $100 fine. <!-- Page 127 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page127"></a>{127}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Tennessee.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Tennessee.jpg" + alt="Map of Tennessee" title="Map of Tennessee" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 128 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page128"></a>{128}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">KENTUCKY.</span><span class="gap"></span><b>"Corn Cracker State."</b></p> + <p>Name signifies "Dark and Bloody Ground," the country being the ancient + hunting grounds of the Indians.</p> + <p>Earliest explorations made by John Finley and others, 1767; Daniel + Boone established himself there, 1769, admitted as a State, 1792. Area, + 40,400 square miles; greatest length, 350 miles; greatest breadth, 178 + miles; river frontage, 812 miles; navigable waters, about 4,000 miles. + Number counties, 118.</p> + <p>Temperature at Louisville: winter, 34° to 44°; summer, 75° to 80°. + Rainfall at Springdale, 49 inches.</p> + <p>Louisville, the commercial emporium of the State, has large tobacco + warehouses and pork-packing establishments; population, 123,758. + Frankfort, the capital: population, 6,958. Population of Covington, + 29,720. Lexington, former capital, founded 1776; population, 16,666. + Newport connected with Covington by suspension bridge; population, + 20,433. Louisville and Paducah, ports of entry.</p> + <p>Number farms, 166,453. Average value per acre, cleared land, $18.86; + woodland, $12.82.</p> + <p>Ranks high as an agricultural State. Corn crop, 1884, 71,880,800 bu.; + wheat, 13,425,000 bu.; oats, 7,865,000 bu.; tobacco, 1882, 198,905,994 + lbs.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Atty. Gen. </td><td class="ar"> $500 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> Reg. Ld. Office </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r of Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ins. Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 R. R. Com'rs </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $5 pr. day<br /> +mileage 15 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Cols. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 4,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> 60 Deputy Collectors</td><td class="ar"> 300 to 2,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Tobacco.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Tobacco.jpg" + alt="Chart of Tobacco Crop by State - headed by Kentucky" title="Chart of Tobacco Crop by State - headed by Kentucky" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bowling Green </td><td class="ar"> $1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Covington </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Danville </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Frankfort </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Georgetown </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Henderson </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hopkinsville </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lexington </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Louisville </td><td class="ar"> 3,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Maysville </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mt. Sterling </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newport </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Owensborough </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Paducah </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Paris </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Richmond </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Shelbyville </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> 22 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,500 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Has a world-wide reputation for thoroughbred horses and cattle. Latest + reports give for stock on farms, horses, 370,028; milch cows, 304,720; + cattle other than cows and oxen, 505,746; sheep, 980,166; swine, + 1,954,919. Ranks first in tobacco; fourth in malt and distilled liquors; + sixth in hogs; seventh in corn; eighth in rye, coal and mules.</p> + <p>Population, 1,648,690; male, 832,590; female, 816,100; native, + 1,589,173; foreign, 59,517; white, 1,377,179; colored, 271,451; Chinese, + 10; Indians, 50; slaves, 1860, 225,483.</p> + <p>State elections biennial, first Monday in August, in odd-numbered + years; congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 38; Representatives, 100; sessions + of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting last day of + December; limit of session, 60 days, unless extended by vote; term of + Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 376,221. Bribers, robbers + and forgers excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 15; public school system framed, 1838; school age, + 6-20.</p> + <p>Legal int., 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess over 10 per + cent. <!-- Page 129 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page129"></a>{129}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Kentucky.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Kentucky.jpg" + alt="Map of Kentucky" title="Map of Kentucky" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 130 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page130"></a>{130}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">OHIO. </td><td>O-hi´o.<br /> +<b>"Buckeye State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name of Indian origin, signifying "Beautiful River."</p> + <p>First permanent settlement at Marietta, 1788; admitted as a State, + 1802.</p> + <p>Area, 41,060 square miles; greatest length east and west, 225 miles: + extreme breadth, 200 miles; Ohio river frontage, 430 miles; lake + frontage, 230 miles; number counties, 88.</p> + <p>Temperature at Cleveland: winter, 27° to 38°; summer, 68° to 72° At + Cincinnati: winter, 34° to 45°; summer, 74° to 79°. Rainfall at + Cleveland, 38 inches.</p> + <p>Cincinnati, "Queen City of the West," founded 1789, the metropolis; + pop., 255,139. Cleveland has one of the best harbors on the lake; pop., + 160,146. Columbus, capital and great railroad center; pop., 51,647. + Chillicothe, capital, 1800 to 1810; Zanesville, 1810 to 1812; + Chillicothe, 1812 to 1816; Columbus, 1816. Toledo, Sandusky, Cleveland + and Cincinnati ports of entry.</p> + <p>Number farms, 247,189, of which 199,562 are occupied by owners; + average value per acre, cleared land, $47.53; woodland, $41.37 wheat + crop, 1884, 41,186,000 bu.; corn, 85,393,000 bu.; Oats, 23,419,000 bu.; + potatoes, 1883, 16,452,315 bu.; tobacco, 29,947,536 lbs. Average value + corn, 1881, 41 cents; wheat, 75 cents; oats, 29 cents.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> School Comm'r. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Ins. Dep't</td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Railroad Com'r </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y Board Ag. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com. Lab. Stati.</td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $600 a y'r<br /> +and 12c. mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 District Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500, 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agt. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 8 Collectors Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500 to 4,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Wool.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Wool.jpg" + alt="Chart of Wool Production by State - headed by Ohio" title="Chart of Wool Production by State - headed by Ohio" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Akron </td><td class="ar"> $2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Canton </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chillicothe </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cincinnati </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cleveland </td><td class="ar"> 3,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Columbus </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dayton </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Delaware </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hamilton </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lima </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mansfield </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newark </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Portsmouth </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sandusky </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Springfield </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Steubenville </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Toledo </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Youngstown </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Zanesville </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> 118 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 2,300 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Latest reported dairy products give: milk, 46,801,537 gallons; butter, + 67,869,604 lbs.; cheese, 19,978,436 lbs. Pork packing extensively carried + on; hogs packed winter 1881-82, 618,348.</p> + <p>Ranks first in agricultural implements and wool; second in petroleum, + iron and steel; third in wheat, sheep, coal, malt and distilled liquors; + fourth in printing and publishing, salt, miles railway and soap; fifth in + milch cows, hogs, horses, hay, tobacco and iron ore.</p> + <p>Population, 3,198,062; male, 1,613,931; female, 1,584,126; natives + 2,803,119; foreign, 394,943; white, 3,117,920; colored, 79,900; Chinese, + 109; Indians, 130.</p> + <p>State and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in + November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 105; sessions biennial, + but "adjourned sessions" practically amount to annual meetings; time, + first Monday in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 23; number voters, 826,577; insane and idiots + excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 35; school population, 1,081,321; school age, + 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess above 6 + per cent. <!-- Page 131 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page131"></a>{131}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Ohio.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Ohio.jpg" + alt="Map of Ohio" title="Map of Ohio" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 132 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page132"></a>{132}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">INDIANA. </td><td>In-de-ah´nah.<br /> +<b>"Hoosier State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>First settled by Canadian voyagers at Vincennes, 1702; organized as a + Territory, 1800; admitted 1816.</p> + <p>Area, 36,350 square miles; extreme length, 276 miles; average breadth, + 140 miles; shore line on Lake Michigan, 40 miles. Michigan City the lake + port. Number counties, 92.</p> + <p>Temperature at Indianapolis: winter, 29° to 41°; summer, 73° to 78°. + Rainfall at Richmond, 43 inches.</p> + <p>Indianapolis is the capital and most flourishing city, and contains + deaf and dumb, blind, and insane asylums; pop., 75,056. Terre Haute, + extensive iron, whisky and pork market; pop., 26,042 Evansville, + commercial centre of the southwest; pop., 29,280. Fort Wayne, emporium of + the northeast; pop., 26,880.</p> + <p>Number farms, 194,013; average value, per acre, cleared land, $30.46; + woodland, $26.90. Corn the most valuable crop; yield of 1884, 104,757,000 + bu.; wheat, 31,270,000 bu.; oats, 78,650,000 bu. Dairy interest large and + increasing; also the business of pork packing. Latest reports give + 37,659,029 lbs. butter, and 1,521,275 lbs. cheese. Number hogs packed, + winter 1881-82, 349,261.</p> + <p>Coal fields, about 6,500 square miles, extending from Warren county + south to the Ohio; varieties are coking coal, Indiana block and + cannel.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> $8 a day</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec. Bd. of Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Judges. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $6 a day and<br /> +20c. per mile.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Colls. Int. Rev.</td><td class="ar"> 2,375 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Customs </td><td class="ar"> $1,000 & fees</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Plate_Glass.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Plate_Glass.jpg" + alt="Chart of Plate Glass Manufacturing by State - headed by Indiana" title="Chart of Plate Glass Manufacturing by State - headed by Indiana" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Crawfordsville </td><td class="ar"> $2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elkhart </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Evansville </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fort Wayne </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Goshen </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Indianapolis </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> La Fayette </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> La Porte </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Logansport </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Madison </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> New Albany </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Peru </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Richmond </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> South Bend </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Terre Haute </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Valparaiso </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Vincennes </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 36 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,900 to 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 40 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Ranks second in wheat; fourth in corn, hogs and agricultural + implements; sixth in coal; seventh in horses, oxen and other cattle, malt + and distilled liquors, and miles of railway; ninth in hay and milch + cows.</p> + <p>Pop., 1,978,301: male, 1,010,361; female, 967,940; native, 1,834,123; + foreign, 144,178; white, 1,938,798; colored, 39,228; Chinese, 29; + Indians, 246.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections. Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 50; Representatives, 100; sessions + of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Thursday after + first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 + years; of Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 15; number voters, 498,437. Fraudulent voters + and bribers excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 15; State University at Bloomington; medical school + at Indianapolis; university at Notre Dame; flourishing common-school + system; school population, 708,596; school age, 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess of + interest. <!-- Page 133 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page133"></a>{133}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Indiana.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Indiana.jpg" + alt="Map of Indiana" title="Map of Indiana" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 134 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page134"></a>{134}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">ILLINOIS </td><td>Il-lin-oí<br /> +<b>"Prairie or Sucker State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>From a tribe of Indians, signifying "a superior class of men."</p> + <p>First permanent settlement by French at Kaskaskia, 1682; organized as + a Territory, 1809; admitted as a State, 1818.</p> + <p>Area, 56,650 square miles; greatest length, 385 miles; greatest + breadth, 218 miles; highest land, 1,150 feet. Number of counties, 102. + Has 4,000 miles navigable streams. Temperature at Chicago: winter, 25° to + 37°; Summer, 68° to 73°. At Cairo: winter, 35° to 54°; summer, 76° to + 80°. Rainfall at Peoria, 35 inches.</p> + <p>Kaskaskia, first capital, which was removed to Vandalia, 1818; and to + Springfield, 1836. Chicago, "Garden City of the West;" pop., 503,185. + Peoria ranks second; pop., 29,259. Quincy, third; pop., 27,268. + Springfield, capital; pop., 19,743.</p> + <p>Number of farms, 255,741, of which 175,497 are occupied by owners. + Value per acre, cleared land, $33.03; woodland, $23.68; 8,151,463 acres + in corn, 1884, producing 244,544,000 bu.; wheat, 2,790,900 acres, + producing 32,374,000 bu.; oats, 2,990,983 acres, producing 98,153,000 + bu.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $5 pr. day,<br /> +mileage 10c. & $50</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 4,000, 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 8 Colls. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,125 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. of Customs </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Appraiser </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Examiner </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Meat.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Meat.jpg" + alt="Chart of Slaughtering and Meat Packing by State - headed by Illinois" title="Chart of Slaughtering and Meat Packing by State - headed by Illinois" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Aurora </td><td class="ar"> $2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bloomington </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cairo </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chicago </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Decatur </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elgin </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Freeport </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Galesburgh </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jacksonville </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Joliet </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Moline </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ottawa </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Peoria </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Quincy </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rockford </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rock Island </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Springfield </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> 173 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 2,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>First recorded coal mine in America located near Ottawa, 1669. Coal + area, over three-fourths of entire State; estimated to contain + one-seventh of all known coal in North America; product, 1882, 9,000,000 + tons.</p> + <p>Superior quality limestone on Fox and Desplaines rivers; lead most + important mineral; Galena in centre of richest diggings of the Northwest. + Rich salt wells in Saline and Gallatin counties, 75 gallons brine making + 50 pounds salt.</p> + <p>Ranks first in corn, wheat, oats, meat packing, lumber traffic, malt + and distilled liquors and miles railway; second in rye, coal, + agricultural implements, soap and hogs; fourth in hay, potatoes, iron and + steel, mules, milch cows and other cattle.</p> + <p>Population, 3,077,871: male, 1,586,523; female, 1,491,348; native, + 2,494,295; foreign, 583,576; white, 3,031,151; colored, 46,368; Chinese, + 209; Japanese, 3; Indians, 140.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 51; Representatives, 153; sessions + biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit + of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. + Number electoral votes, 22; number voters, 796,847; convicts are excluded + from voting.</p> + <p>School system excellent; number colleges, 28: school age, 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits entire interest. + <!-- Page 135 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page135"></a>{135}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Illinois.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Illinois.jpg" + alt="Map of Illinois" title="Map of Illinois" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 136 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page136"></a>{136}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">MICHIGAN. </td><td>Mish´e-gan<br /> +<b>"Wolverine or Lake State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name of Indian origin, signifying Lake country.</p> + <p>First white settlement within limits of State, Sault Ste. Marie, 1668; + organized as Territory, 1805; admitted 1837.</p> + <p>Area, 58,915 square miles; length of lower peninsula, from north to + south, 277 miles; greatest breadth, 259 miles. Length of upper peninsula, + east to west, 318 miles; width, 30 to 164 miles. Length lake shoreline, + 1,620 miles. Number counties, 82.</p> + <p>Temperature at Detroit, winter, 24° to 36°; summer, 67° to 72°: + rainfall, 30 inches.</p> + <p>Detroit the metropolis; pop., 133,269. Grand Rapids, manufacturing + city; pop., 41,934. Lansing, the capital; pop., 9,776. Pop. Bay City, + 29,413; East Saginaw, 29,100; Jackson, 19,136; Muskegon, 17,845; Saginaw, + 13,767. Detroit, Marquette, Port Huron and Grand Haven are ports of + entry.</p> + <p>Number farms, 154,008. Value per acre, cleared land, $34.39; woodland, + $20.27. Corn crop, 1884, 26,022,000 bu.; wheat, 29,772,000 bu.; oats, + 19,990,000 bu. Fruit raising an important industry.</p> + <p>Copper mines in Houghton, Ontonagon, and Keweenaw counties; valuable + iron ores in Marquette and Delta counties; coal in Shiawassee, Eaton, + Ingham and Jackson counties. Salt manufactured in year ending November + 30, 1884, 3,252,175 barrels.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> $3 a day</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst'n </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secy Bd. Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Insur. Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> R. R. Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Immig. Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $3 a day and<br /> +10c per mile</td></tr> +<tr><td> Representatives </td><td class="ar"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agt. </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Colls. Int. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 3,875 to 2,625</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Lumber.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Lumber.jpg" + alt="Chart of Lumber Production by State - headed by Michigan" title="Chart of Lumber Production by State - headed by Michigan" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adrian </td><td class="ar"> $2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ann Arbor </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Battle Creek </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bay City </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Big Rapids </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Detroit </td><td class="ar"> 3,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> East Saginaw </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Flint </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Grand Rapids </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jackson </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Kalamazoo </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lansing </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marshall </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Muskegon </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Port Huron </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Saginaw </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> 52 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> $2,200 to 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 38 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,400 to 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>9 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Ranks first in copper, lumber and salt; second in iron ore; third in + buckwheat; fifth in sheep, hops and potatoes; sixth in wheat and barley; + seventh in agricultural implements; eighth in miles railway; ninth in + oats.</p> + <p>Grand Haven, Au Sable and Detroit are centres of valuable fishing + interests; principal catch is trout and whitefish.</p> + <p>Population, 1,843,369: male, 958,551; female, 884,818; native, + 1,419,395; foreign, 423,974; white, 1,817,562; colored, 17,548; Indians, + 8,259.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 32; Representatives, 100; sessions + of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday + in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 467,687. Duelists are + excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 9; efficient public schools; school age, 5-20.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess of interest. + <!-- Page 137 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page137"></a>{137}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Michigan.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Michigan.jpg" + alt="Map of Michigan" title="Map of Michigan" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 138 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page138"></a>{138}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">WISCONSIN. </td><td>Wĭs-kŏn´sĭn.<br /> +<b>"Badger State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>From river of same name; an Indian word signifying "Wild-rushing + River." First settled by French, at Green Bay, 1669; organized as a + Territory, 1836; first Territorial legislature at Belmont, Sept. 1, 1836; + admitted as a State, 1847.</p> + <p>Area, 56,040 square miles; greatest length, 300 miles; greatest + breadth, 260 miles; Mississippi river navigable throughout southwest + boundary; excellent harbors in Lake Superior on north, and Lake Michigan + on east. Port Washington, one of the finest natural harbors in tie world. + Number counties, 67. Temperature at Milwaukee; winter, 19°to 31°; summer, + 63° to 70°; rainfall, 30 inches.</p> + <p>Milwaukee, port of entry, great pork packing and beer brewing centre; + also grain and wheat market: pop., 158,509. Madison, capital; pop., + 12,064. Population Eau Claire, 21,668; Fond du Lac, 12,726.</p> + <p>Number farms, 102,904; average value per acre, cleared land, $26.27; + woodland, $19.55. Wheat most valuable crop; cultivation of flax + increasing; many acres devoted to culture of cranberries; buckwheat crop, + 1883, 177,792 bu.; hay, 2,354,835 tons; corn, 1884, 26,200,000 bu.; oats, + 45,940,000 bu.; wheat, 20,083,000 bu. Latest reported dairy products: + milk, 25,156,977 gals.; butter, 33,739,055 lbs.; cheese, 19,088,405 + lbs.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Railr'd Com'r. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Asso. Justices</td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $500 per y'r,<br /> +mileage 10c.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Indian Agent </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Colls. Int. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 4,500 to 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> 23 Deputy Collect'rs </td><td class="ar"> 1,800 to 300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Collect'r of Customs </td><td class="ar"> 1,000 & fees.</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Hops.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Hops.jpg" + alt="Chart of Hops Production in Western States - headed by Wisconsin" title="Chart of Hops Production in Western States - headed by Wisconsin" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Appleton </td><td class="ar"> $2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Beloit </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chippewa Falls</td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eau Claire </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fond du Lac </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Green Bay </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Janesville </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> La Crosse </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Madison </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Milwaukee </td><td class="ar"> 3,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oshkosh </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Racine </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sheboygan </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Watertown </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Waukesha </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wausau </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Whitewater </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> 66 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,800 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Extensive lead mines in Grant, Lafayette and Iowa counties; native + copper in the north, in Crawford and Iowa counties. Milwaukee clay famous + for making cream-colored brick. Iron ores in Dodge, Sauk, Jackson and + Ashland counties.</p> + <p>Ranks second in hops, third in barley and potatoes, fourth in rye and + buckwheat, fifth in oats and agricultural implements, seventh, in iron + and steel, eighth in hay and milch cows, and ninth in copper.</p> + <p>Population, 1,563,423: male, 811,051; female, 752,372: native, + 1,069,433; foreign, 493,990: white, 1,555,152; colored, 5,576; Indians, + 2695</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 100; sessions + biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Wednesday in January; + limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 + years. Number electoral votes, 11; number voters, 340,482; insane, + idiots, convicts, bribers, betters and dualists excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 7; number public schools, 6,588; school population, + 495,233; school age, 4-20.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits entire interest. + <!-- Page 139 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page139"></a>{139}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Wisconsin.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Wisconsin.jpg" + alt="Map of Wisconsin" title="Map of Wisconsin" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 140 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page140"></a>{140}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">IOWA </td><td>Ī´o-wah.<br /> +<b>"Hawkeye State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name is of Indian origin, and means "The Beautiful land."</p> + <p>Part of the Louisiana purchase; merged into Missouri Territory, 1812; + into Michigan, 1834; into Wisconsin, 1836. First white settlement at + Dubuque, 1788. Admitted as a State, 1846.</p> + <p>Area, 56,025 square miles, about that of Illinois; extent north and + south, 208 miles; east and west, about 300 miles. Principal rivers within + State: Des Moines, Iowa and Little Sioux. Number counties, 99. + Temperature at Davenport: winter, 21° to 37°; summer, 70° to 76°. + Rainfall at Mascutine, 43 inches.</p> + <p>Des Moines, metropolis and capital: pop., 32,469. Pop. of Dubuque, + 26,330; of Davenport, 23,830; of Burlington, 23,459; of Council Bluffs, + 21,557. Keokuk, Burlington and Dubuque are United States ports of + delivery.</p> + <p>Number farms, 185,351; average value per acre, cleared land, $27.36; + woodland, $39.36. Corn crop, 1884, 252,600,000 bu.; wheat, 31,270,000 + bu.; oats, 78,650,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 13,216,868 bu.; barley, + 4,638,348 bu.; sorgham syrup, 2,640,000 gals.</p> + <p>Dairy interest growing in importance, creamery and factory products + bringing high prices. There were 60,940,553 lbs. of butter and 3,378,924 + lbs. cheese made in 1880.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> $1,500 and $5 a day</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 R. R. Comm'rs </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Senators, Representatives</td><td class="ar"> $550 per year</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Judges </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Colls. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500 to 4,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Hogs.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Hogs.jpg" + alt="Chart of Hogs on Farms by State - headed by Iowa" title="Chart of Hogs on Farms by State - headed by Iowa" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Burlington </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cedar Rapids </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clinton </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Council Bluffs </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Creston </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Davenport </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Des Moines </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dubuque </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Iowa City </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Keokuk </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Le Mars </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marshalltown </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Muscatine </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oakalsosa </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ottumwa </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sioux City </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Waterloo </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> 63 Offices, </td><td class="ar"> 2,000 to 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 52 Offices, </td><td class="ar"> 1,400 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Manufacturing establishments are numerous, including canning + factories, stove and other foundries, engine-building, paper and woolen + mills, lumber and saw mills, etc.</p> + <p>Ranks first in hogs; second in milch cows, oxen and other cattle, + corn, hay and oats; third in horses; fifth in barley and miles of + railway: sixth in potatoes and rye; seventh in wheat and coal.</p> + <p>Pop., 1,753,980: male, 911,759; female, 842,221: native, 1,443,576; + foreign, 310,404: white, 1,753,980; colored, 9,310; Chinese, 33; Indians, + 466</p> + <p>State elections annual, Tuesday after second Monday In October, + excepting years of presidential elections, when State congressional and + presidential elections occur together; number Senators, 50; + Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered + years, meeting second Monday in January; limit of session, none; term of + Senators, 4 yrs.; of Representatives, 2 yrs.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 416,658. Idiots, insane and + criminals excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 19: school pop., 604,739; school age, 5-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits 10 per cent. + per year on amount. State has adopted prohibition. <!-- Page 141 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page141"></a>{141}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Iowa.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Iowa.jpg" + alt="Map of Iowa" title="Map of Iowa" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 142 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page142"></a>{142}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">MINNESOTA. </td><td>Min´ne-sōta.<br /> +<b>"Gopher State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Named from the river; term of Indian origin, signifying "whitish or + sky-colored water."</p> + <p>Explored by Hennepin and La Salle, 1680; Fort Snelling built 1819; + organized as a Territory, 1849; admitted 1858.</p> + <p>Area, 83,365 square miles, extreme length, 380 miles; breadth near + north line, 337 miles; near middle, 183 miles; and on the south line, 262 + miles. Number counties, 80.</p> + <p>Temperature at St. Paul: winter, 11° to 30°; summer, 67° to 74°. + Rainfall at Fort Snelling, 25 inches.</p> + <p>Pembina, port of entry on Red river. St. Paul, port of delivery and + capital; population, 148,074. Minneapolis, metropolis and great + commercial centre for lumber, wheat and flour; population, 147,810. Land + offices at Taylor's Falls, Fergus Falls, Worthington, Redwood Falls, + Benson and Duluth.</p> + <p>Number farms, 140,000; value per acre, cleared land, $20; woodland, + $15. Total acreage of the State, 53,353,600; in farms, 16,000,000; in + forests, 1,800,000.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins.</td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Adjutant Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pub. Examiner </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ins. Comm'r </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com. Statistics</td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> R. R. Commis'nr</td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> State Librarian</td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $5 a day and<br /> +15c. mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dist. Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Flour.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Flour.jpg" + alt="Chart of Capital Invested in Flouring and Grist Mills by State - headed by Minnesota" title="Chart of Capital Invested in Flouring and Grist Mills by State - headed by Minnesota" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Brainerd </td><td class="ar"> $2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Crookston </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Duluth </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Faribault </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fergus Falls</td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mankato </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Minneapolis </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Morehead </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Northfield </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Red Wing </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rochester </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Saint Cloud </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Saint Paul </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Stillwater </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Winona </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 9 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,700 to 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 14 <span class="gap" style="width:0.25em;"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 1,400 to 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 <span class="gap" style="width:0.25em;"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 <span class="gap" style="width:0.75em;"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Wheat the staple, and milling the great industry, giving employment to + nearly 4,000 people. Capital invested in flour and grist mills, + $21,000,000; value of products, $45,000,000. Corn crop, 1884, 28,630,000 + bu., valued at $7,797,900; wheat, 50,117,481 bu., valued at $25,000,000; + oats, 36,100,000 bu., valued at $7,220,000. Average value of corn, 1884, + 33 cents; of wheat, 50 cents; of oats, 20 cents.</p> + <p>Ranks fourth in wheat and barley, sixth in hay, eighth in oats.</p> + <p>Dairy interest increasing in value; production of butter and cheese + becoming one of great industries; latest reports give 19,223,835 lbs. + butter; cheese, 975,329 lbs.</p> + <p>Population, 1,118,486: male, 605,551; female, 512,935: native, + 733,320; foreign, 381,340: white, 1,115,358; colored, 1,814; Chinese, 99: + Indians, 1,215.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 47; Representatives, 103; sessions + of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after + first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 + years; of Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 7; number voters, 306,435; idiots, insane and + convicts excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 5; school population, 400,000; school age, 5-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess over 10 + per cent. <!-- Page 143 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page143"></a>{143}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Minnesota.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Minnesota.jpg" + alt="Map of Minnesota" title="Map of Minnesota" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 144 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page144"></a>{144}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">DAKOTA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Da-kō´ta.</p> + <p>So called from a tribe of Indians of the same name.</p> + <p>First permanent white settlements made by Lord Selkirk at Pembina, + 1812; organized as a Territory, 1861; first legislature at Yankton, + March, 1862.</p> + <p>Area, 149,100 square miles; average length, 450 miles; breadth, 350 + miles; ranks in size next to Texas and California. General elevation, + 1,000 to 2,500 feet; Red river frontage, about 250 miles; the Missouri + navigable throughout the Territory. Number counties, 136.</p> + <p>Temperature at Bismarck: winter, 4° to 27°; summer, 63° to 71°. + Climate dry, and cold not so penetrating as in moister regions further + east. Rainfall at Fort Randall, 17 inches; 73 per cent. of year's rain + falls in spring and summer.</p> + <p>Fargo, the metropolis of Northern Dakota, an enterprising city, does a + large business; has gas, electric lights, and street railway. Bismarck, + capital, rapidly developing into an important business centre. Yankton, + chief town of the south. Land offices at Fargo, Bismarck, Huron, + Deadwood, Yankton, Mitchell, Aberdeen, Watertown and Grand Forks. Railway + mileage, 1870, 65; 1884, 2,494. The Northern Pacific has a mileage of + 375, crossing the northern central portion from Fargo through Bismarck in + an almost direct westerly line through the Territory.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secr'y of Terri'y </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day;<br /> +mileage, 20c.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 Indian Agents </td><td class="ar"> 1,000 to 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chf. Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Assistant<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> 4 Dep. Colls. </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Wheat.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Wheat.jpg" + alt="Chart of Increase in Wheat Production 1870-1880 by Territory - headed by Dakota" title="Chart of Increase in Wheat Production 1870-1880 by Territory - headed by Dakota" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Aberdeen </td><td class="ar"> $1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bismarck </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Deadwood </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fargo </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Grafton </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Grand Forks </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Huron </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jamestown </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mitchell </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pierre </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sioux Falls </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wahpeton </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Watertown </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Yankton </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Post Offices</td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>"<span class="gap"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3<span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>"<span class="gap"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> 16<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>"<span class="gap"></span>" </td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Finest wheat-growing country on the continent; corn crop, 1884, + 13,950,000 bu.; oats, 11,812,000; wheat, 22,330,000 bu.; 2,800,000 bu. + reported as freighted over Northern Pacific in four months of 1883, 76 + per cent. being of best grade. Oats yield 50 to 75 bu. per acre; potatoes + yield well and are of great size. Nutritious grasses at all seasons and + abundant water offer remarkable advantages for stock raising; wool + growing an important industry; climate especially favorable for sheep. + Ranks fourth in gold, and ninth in silver; latest reported gold product, + $4,123,081; mineral wealth centred in Black Hills; coal found in workable + quantities west of the Missouri.</p> + <p>Population, 135,177 in 1880, with sufficient increase since then to + entitle her to admission as a State: male, 82,296; female, 52,881; + native, 83,382; foreign, 51,795; white, 133,147; colored, 401; Chinese, + 238; Indians, 1,391.</p> + <p>Territorial, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after + first Monday in November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; + sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting 2d Tuesday in January; + limit session, 60 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years + each. Number voters, census 1880, 51,003.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, 12; usury forfeits excess. <!-- + Page 145 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page145"></a>{145}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Dakota.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Dakota.jpg" + alt="Map of Dakota" title="Map of Dakota" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 146 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page146"></a>{146}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NEBRASKA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ne-bras´ka.</p> + <p>Name first applied to the river, and is of Indian origin, signifying + Shallow Water. Organized as a Territory, 1854; admitted 1867.</p> + <p>Area, 76,855 square miles; width, north and south, about 210 miles; + greatest length in centre, about 420 miles. Platte, the principal river, + extending through the State east and west. Number counties, 80.</p> + <p>Temperature at Omaha: winter, 20° to 34°; summer, 72° to 78°. + Rainfall, Fort Kearney, 25 inches.</p> + <p>Omaha, U. S. port of delivery, principal city and commercial centre; + population, 61,835. Lincoln, a thriving city, containing State + University; population, 1870, 2,441, and 1885, 20,004. Population + Plattsmouth, 5,796; of Nebraska City, 5,597.</p> + <p>Number farms, 63,387. Average value per acre, cleared land, $8.93; + woodland, $25.85.</p> + <p>Corn crop, 1884, 122,100,000 bushels; wheat, 28,325,000 bushels; oats, + 21,630,000 bushels. Rye, buckwheat, barley, flax and hemp yield abundant + crops. Apples, pears, plums, grapes and berries are plentiful. Ranks + eighth in corn and barley, and ninth in rye.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> $6 a day</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Aud'r Pub. Ac'ts </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y Bd. Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r Pub. L'ds </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $3 a day;<br /> +mileage, 10 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Indian Agents </td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,600</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Nebraska_Corn.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Nebraska_Corn.jpg" + alt="Chart of Acreage of Corn by Year (Nebraska)" title="Chart of Acreage of Corn by Year (Nebraska)" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Beatrice </td><td class="ar"> $2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Columbus </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Crete </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Falls City </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fremont </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Grand Island </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hastings </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Kearney </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lincoln </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nebraska City </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Norfolk </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Omaha </td><td class="ar"> 3,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Plattsmouth </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Seward </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tecumseh </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wahoo </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> York </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> $1,500 & 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> 24 P.O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Herd law excellent, and grazing land good. Cattle raising the great + industry of the State, next to agriculture.</p> + <p>Manufacturing establishments show a wonderful increase of from 670 in + 1870 to 1,403 in 1880. Capital invested, $4,881,150; number hands + employed, 4,773.</p> + <p>Homesteads obtained under timber claims or by pre-emptions; cash + expense of first, $18 to $36; of second, $14. U.S. land offices at Dakota + City, Norfolk, Grand Island, Lincoln, Beatrice, Bloomington and North + Platte.</p> + <p>Population, 452,402: male, 249,241; female, 203,161; native, 354,988; + foreign, 97,414; white, 449,764; colored, 2,385; Chinese, 18; Indians, + 235.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 100; sessions + biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Tuesday in January; limit + of session, 40 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each. + Number electoral votes, 5; number voters, 129,042. U.S. army, idiots and + convicts excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 9; school population, 135,511; school age, 5-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits interest and + cost.</p> + <p>Railroad mileage, 1865, 122; 1885, 2,891. <!-- Page 147 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page147"></a>{147}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Nebraska.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Nebraska.jpg" + alt="Map of Nebraska" title="Map of Nebraska" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 148 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page148"></a>{148}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">KANSAS. </td><td>Kăn´zas.<br /> +<b>"Garden of the West."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>From Kansas river. Indian name, signifying "Smoky Water". Visited by + Spaniards, 1541, and by French, 1719. Part of Louisiana purchase, and + afterward of Indian Territory. Organized as a Territory, 1854. Admitted + as a State, January, 1861.</p> + <p>Area, 82,080 square miles. Length, 400 miles; breadth, 200 miles. + Geographical centre of United States, exclusive of Alaska. Missouri river + frontage, 150 miles; largest rivers, Solomon, Neosho, Saline, Arkansas, + Republican and Kansas. Number counties, 100.</p> + <p>Temperature at Leavenworth: summer, 74° to 79°; winter, 25° to 35°: + rainfall, 81 inches.</p> + <p>Metropolis, Leavenworth; population, 29,268. Capital, Topeka; + population, 23,499. State University at Lawrence; State asylums for + insane and feeble-minded at Topeka and Osawatomie; institution for + education of the blind, Wyandotte; for deaf-mutes, Olathe.</p> + <p>First railroad built, 1865; length, 40 miles. Railroad mileage, 1875, + 2,150; Jan. 1, 1886, 4,888.</p> + <p>Number farms, 1860, 10,400; 1880, 138,561. Average value per acre, + cultivated land, $11.82; woodland, $19.12. Peculiarly adapted for stock + raising. Gain, per cent., in horses, for ten years, 138; cows, 149; + mules, 1,040; other cattle, 203; sheep, 210; hogs, 132.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary of State</td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec. Bd. of Agr. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Insurance Com. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 R. R. Coms. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> State Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $3 pr. day<br /> +mileage 15 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> 9 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> $1,650 to 400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Indian Agent </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Population_Increase.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Population_Increase.jpg" + alt="Chart of Increase of Population 1870-1880 by State - headed by Kansas" title="Chart of Increase of Population 1870-1880 by State - headed by Kansas" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Atchison </td><td class="ar"> $2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Emporia </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fort Scott </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lawrence </td><td class="ar"> 2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Leavenworth</td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Newton </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ottawa </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Parsons </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Salina </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Topeka </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wellington </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wichita </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Winfield </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Wyandotte </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> 78 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,900 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Latest reported crop: castor beans, 765,143 bu.; cotton, 33,589 lbs.; + flax, 622,256 bu.; hemp, 557,879 bu.; corn, 1884, 168,500,000 bu.; wheat, + 34,990,000 bu.; oats, 27,419,000 bu.</p> + <p>Number hands employed in manufactories, 1860, 1,735; in 1870, 6,844; + in 1880, 12,064. Net value of manufactured products increased 67 per + cent. in first period, 95 per cent. in second.</p> + <p>Ranks fifth in cattle, corn and rye; seventh in hay, and ninth in + hogs, horses, wheat and coal. Coal area, 17,500 square miles.</p> + <p>Population, 996,096: male, 536,667; female, 459,429; native, 886,010; + foreign, 110,086; white, 952,155; colored, 43,107; Chinese, 19; Indians, + 815. State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in Nov.; Senators, 40; Representatives, 125; sessions biennial, + meeting second Tuesday in January in odd-numbered years; limit of + session, 50 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 + years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 265,714. Idiots, insane, + convicts and rebels excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 8; number schoolhouses, over 5,000; school + attendance, 69 per cent. of school population; school age, 5-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest, 7; by contract, 12; usury forfeits excess of interest. + <!-- Page 149 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page149"></a>{149}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Kansas.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Kansas.jpg" + alt="Map of Kansas" title="Map of Kansas" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 150 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page150"></a>{150}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">INDIAN TERRITORY.</span></p> + <p>Portion of great Louisiana purchase set apart for home of peaceable + Indian tribes; organized 1834.</p> + <p>Cut down to form States and Territories, leaving but 64,690 square + miles, or 41,401,600 acres; nearly 26,000,000 acres being Indian + reservations.</p> + <p>Length east and west on the north, 470 miles; breadth west of 100th + meridian, 35 miles, and east of that line, about 210 miles. Reservations + of Cherokees, 5,000,000 acres in north and northeast; Seminoles, 200,000 + in east central; Creeks, 3,215,495 in east; Chickasaws, 4,377,600 in + south; the Oklahoma country near centre. Principal rivers, Arkansas and + Red. Number nations, agencies and reservations, 22.</p> + <p>Temperature at Fort Gibson: winter, 35° to 48°: summer, 77° to 82°. + Rainfall in extreme northwest, 20 inches, and at Fort Gibson, 36 + inches.</p> + <p>Most important town, and capital of Cherokees, Tahlequah. Railroad + mileage, 372. Capital of Chickasaws, Tishomingo; of Choctaws, Tushkahoma; + of Creeks, Muscogee; of Osages, Pawhuska; of Seminoles, Seminole Agency; + of Pawnees, Pawnee Agency; of Kiowas and Comanches, Kiowa and Comanche + Agency.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Indian Agencies.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> ARAPAHOE.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Agent </td><td class="ar"> $900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> CHEYENNE.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Agent </td><td class="ar"> $2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Physician </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> KAW.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Superintend't </td><td class="ar"> $1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Physician </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> KIOWA AND COMANCHE.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Agent </td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Physician </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> OAKLAND.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Superintend't.</td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 8 Teachers </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Indian_Wheat_Corn.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Indian_Wheat_Corn.jpg" + alt="Chart of Wheat and Corn raised by Indian Nations" title="Chart of Wheat and Corn raised by Indian Nations" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac scac" colspan="2"> OSAGE.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Agent </td><td class="ar"> $1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Physician </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> OTOE.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Agent </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Physician </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> PAWNEE.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> $1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Physician </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> PONCA.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Superinden't </td><td class="ar"> $1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 720</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> QUAPAW.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Agent </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Physician </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac ptl" colspan="2"> SAC AND FOX.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Agent </td><td class="ar"> $1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Physicians </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton and potatoes yield luxuriantly. Number + horses, January, 1883, 125 per cent. of previous year; mules, 110 per + cent.; hogs, 80 per cent.; milch cows, 85 per cent.; number sheep, + 55,000, at average value of $2; oxen and other cattle, January, 1884, + 520,000, valued at $8,840,000.</p> + <p>Stringent laws to protect from encroachments by whites. They can hold + land only by marrying into one of the tribes. Recent official reports + give Indian population about 80,000: Cherokees, 20,000; Choctaws, 16,500; + Creeks, 14,500; Chickasaws, 7,000; Seminoles, 2,500; Osages, 2,390; + Cheyennes, 3,298; Arapahoes, 2,676; Kiowas, 1,120; Pawnees, 1,438; + Comanches, 1,475.</p> + <p>No Territorial government has as yet been organized, owing to + differences in the views of Congress and the tribes. For each agency, a + deputy is appointed by the President to represent the United States, but + each tribe manages its own internal affairs. Most of the tribes governed + by chiefs.</p> + <p>Of first five tribes, 33,650 can read, and have 16,200 houses, 195 + schools, and 6,250 pupils. Expended from tribal funds for educational + purposes, $156,856; from government appropriations for freedmen, $3,500. + <!-- Page 151 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page151"></a>{151}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Indian_Territory.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Indian_Territory.jpg" + alt="Map of Indian Territory" title="Map of Indian Territory" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 152 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page152"></a>{152}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">COLORADO. </td><td>Kol-o-rah´do.<br /> +<b>"Centennial State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Part of Louisiana purchase of 1803. First explored by Vasquez Coronado + under the Spanish, 1540. First expedition sent out by United States + Government, under Major Pike, 1806; a second under command of Col. S.H. + Long, 1820, and in 1842-44, Gen. John C. Fremont made his celebrated trip + across the Rocky Mountains. First settlements made by miners, 1858-9; + formed from parts of Kansas, Nebraska, Utah and New Mexico; organized as + a Territory, February, 1851; admitted August 1, 1876.</p> + <p>Area, 103,925 square miles; length, 380 miles; breadth, 280 miles; + principal rivers, North and South Platte, Arkansas, Snake, White and + Green. Number counties, 40. Temperature at Denver: winter, 25° to 37°; + summer, 72° to 74°. Rainfall of the State from 15 to 20 inches, falling + mostly between May and July.</p> + <p>Five United States land districts, with offices at Denver, Pueblo, + Fairplay, Lake City and Central City. Denver, capital and metropolis, and + contains assay office; pop., 54,308; Leadville, 10,925; Silver Cliffs, + 900; Colorado Springs, 4,563. State University at Boulder; Agricultural + College at Fort Collins; School of Mines at Golden City.</p> + <p>Richest State in the Union in mineral productions, ranking first in + silver, and fourth in gold.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 pr. day<br /> +mileage 15 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,875</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ute Indian Agt. </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac ptl" colspan="2"> DENVER MINT.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Assay'r in Chg. </td><td class="ar"> $2,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Silver.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Silver.jpg" + alt="Chart of Silver Production by State - headed by Colorado" title="Chart of Silver Production by State - headed by Colorado" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Boulder </td><td class="ar"> $1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Canon City </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Central City </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Colorado Spgs. </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Denver </td><td class="ar"> 3,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Durango </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fort Collins </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Georgetown </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Golden </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Greeley </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gunnison </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Leadville </td><td class="ar"> 2,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pueblo </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Salida </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Silverton </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> South Pueblo </td><td class="ar"> 2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Trinidad </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> 17 Offices </td><td class="ar"> 1,600 to 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Corn crop, 1884, 710,000 bushels; wheat, 2,348,000 bushels; oats, + 1,516,000 bushels; 1,209,000 bushels produced 1883, the yield being 29.3 + bushels per acre; hay, 114,505 tons, valued at $1,545,818. Cattle raising + a safe and profitable business; sheep husbandry still more profitable; + latest reported estimate gives 815,674 cattle, 1,248,360 sheep and 12,342 + swine.</p> + <p>Population, 243,910: male, 144,781; female, 99,129: native, 192,568; + foreign, 51,342: white, 239,585; colored, 3,262; Chinese, 861; Indians, + 202.</p> + <p>State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first + Monday in November; number Senators, 26: Representatives, 49; sessions + biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit + of session, 40 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 + years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 3; number voters, 93,608; native white, + 65,215; foreign white, 26,873; colored, 1,520. Persons in prison excluded + from voting.</p> + <p>Not a mile of railroad in use in 1870; mileage, January 1, 1886, + 2,857. Number colleges, 3; school population, 40,208; school age, + 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal Interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 153 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page153"></a>{153}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Colorado.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Colorado.jpg" + alt="Map of Colorado" title="Map of Colorado" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 154 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page154"></a>{154}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NEW MEXICO.</span></p> + <p>Named in honor of one of the gods of the Aztecs, the ancient + inhabitants of Mexico.</p> + <p>Colonized by Spaniards, 1582; Santa Fé being oldest town in United + States, next to St. Augustine; organized 1850.</p> + <p>Area, 122,580 square miles; length eastern boundary, 345 miles; + western, 390 miles; average breadth north of 32°, 335 miles; altitude, + 3,000 to 4,000 feet. Number counties, 13.</p> + <p>Temperature at Santa Fé, winter, 27° to 37°; summer, 66° to 70°. + Rainfall, Fort Marcy, 17 inches.</p> + <p>Santa Fé is capital and principal city; pop., 6,635. Las Vegas, Silver + City and Albuquerque are growing in importance.</p> + <p>But 8 miles railroad in operation in 1878, having increased to 1,140, + January 1, 1884.</p> + <p>Crops abundant wherever water can be obtained, and corn will ripen + almost anywhere; 6,060 square miles irrigable land; number farms, 5,053; + corn crop, 1884, 950,000 bu.; wheat, 930,000 bu.; oats, 252,000 bu. Total + acreage of the Territory, 78,451,200; in farms, 631,131; in forests, + 219,224; unoccupied, 77,820,069; proportion woodland area in the farm + lands, 35 per cent. Average value corn, 1884, 68 cents; wheat, 90 cents; + oats, 40 cents.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries Territor'l Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Com'r Immig'n </td><td class="ar"> 900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day &<br /> +20c. mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dep Colls. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Translator and Chief Clerk</td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Spec'l Draftsmen </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Messenger </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Sheep.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Sheep.jpg" + alt="Chart of Number of Sheep in Territories - headed by New Mexico" title="Chart of Number of Sheep in Territories - headed by New Mexico" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Indian Agents</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jicarilla </td><td class="ar"> $1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mescalero </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Navajo </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pueblo </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Albuquerque </td><td class="ar"> $2,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> Deming </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Las Vegas </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Raton </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Santa Fe </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Silver City </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Socorro </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Grazing interest extensive and valuable. Recent reports give mules, + 10,183; sheep, 4,435,200, valued at $7,539,840; hogs, 23,353, valued at + $187,758.</p> + <p>Mineral wealth is rapidly developing. Gold is found in Grant, Lincoln, + Colfax and Bernalillo counties; rich copper mines on the San Pedro Grant, + in Bernalillo county, and in the Pinos Altos region. Zinc, quicksilver, + lead, manganese, and large deposits of coal have been found. Gold + production, 1882, was $150,000; silver, $1,800,000.</p> + <p>Population, 119,565: male, 64,496; female, 55,069; native, 111,514; + foreign, 8,051; white, 108,721; colored, 1,015; Chinese, 57; Indians, + 9772</p> + <p>Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in + November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of + legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Monday in + January; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each. Voting population, 34,076; native white, + 26,423; foreign white, 4,558; colored, 3,095.</p> + <p>School population, 20,255; school age, 7-18.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 12. <!-- Page 155 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page155"></a>{155}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_New_Mexico.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_New_Mexico.jpg" + alt="Map of New Mexico" title="Map of New Mexico" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 156 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page156"></a>{156}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ARIZONA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ar-ĭ-zō´na.</p> + <p>First visited by Spanish explorers as early as 1526; set off from New + Mexico and became a Territory, 1863.</p> + <p>Area, 113,020 square miles; greatest length, 375 miles; greatest + breadth, 340 miles. Country drained by Colorado and Gila, with their + tributaries; number counties, 11.</p> + <p>Temperature at Prescott: winter, 34° to 42°; summer, 71° to 73°. + Rainfall at Fort Defiance, 14 inches.</p> + <p>Tucson, the largest town: population, 7,007. Prescott, the capital. + Railroad mileage, 865; Southern Pacific crosses from east to west near + southern boundary, and Atlantic & Pacific north of the central + portion, making ready communication with East and West.</p> + <p>Crop reports, 1883: wheat, 222,200 bu.; barley, 330,775 bu.; potatoes, + 52,936 bu.: hay, 10,710 tons; corn acreage, 1884, 2,850, producing 60,300 + bu. Soil fertile in river bottoms and among valleys of Middle and Eastern + Arizona, corn planting following wheat or barley harvest, giving two + crops yearly; oranges and other fruits and potatoes produce well wherever + there is water; principal portion of irrigable land lies in valley of + Gila and its northern branches; rich and abundant grasses, together with + mild climate, make much of the Territory well adapted to stock raising; + valuable timber on the mountains and along the streams.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries Territorial Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day and<br /> +20c. mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dist. Judges. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 1,600 to 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Copper.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Copper.jpg" + alt="Chart of Copper Production by State - headed by Arizona" title="Chart of Copper Production by State - headed by Arizona" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> $2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Land Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Land Copyist </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Spanish Trans'r </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Indian Agents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Colorado River </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pima & Maricopa </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> San Carlos </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clifton </td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Globe </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Phœnix </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Prescott </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tombstone </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tucson </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Abundant mineral wealth, which can now be developed with profit, owing + to completion of railways; nearly all mountain ranges contain gold, + silver, copper and lead; gold production, 1882, $1,065,000; silver, + $7,500,000.</p> + <p>Ranks second in silver, and ninth in gold.</p> + <p>Superior quality of lime found near Prescott and Tucson; beds of + gypsum in San Pedro valley; remarkable deposits of pure, transparent salt + near Callville.</p> + <p>Population, 40,440: male, 28,202; female, 12,238; native, 24,391; + foreign, 16,049; white, 35,160; colored, 155; Chinese, 1,630; Indians, + 3493</p> + <p>Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in + November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of + legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Monday in + January; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each. Voting population, 20,398; native white, + 9,790; foreign white, 8,256; colored, 2,352.</p> + <p>School population, 10,283; school age, 6-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate; no penalty for usury. + <!-- Page 157 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page157"></a>{157}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Arizona.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Arizona.jpg" + alt="Map of Arizona" title="Map of Arizona" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 158 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page158"></a>{158}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">UTAH.</span><span class="gap"></span>Yoo´tah.</p> + <p>Settled by Mormons under the leadership of Brigham Young, Salt Lake, + 1847. Territorial government formed 1850.</p> + <p>Area, 84,900 square miles, very nearly same as Idaho; average length, + 350 miles; breadth, 260 miles. Largest rivers, Grand and Green, together + with the Colorado, which they unite to form. Number counties, 24.</p> + <p>Temperature at Salt Lake City: winter, 29° to 40°; summer, 69° to 77°: + rainfall, 24 inches.</p> + <p>Salt Lake City, capital and metropolis; pop., 20,768. Ogden, at + junction of Union and Central Pacific, pop., 6,069. Railroad mileage, + 1,134; Union and Central Pacific through the north.</p> + <p>Number farms, 9,452; land under cultivation, over 400,000 acres; value + farm products, $10,000,000. Valleys of the Cache, Salt Lake, Jordan, + Sevier and Rio Virgin, are irrigable, and produce fine crops of cereals + and vegetables. Wheat crop of 1884, 1,675,000 bushels.</p> + <p>Annual income from stock raising, about $2,000,000, though grazing + interest perhaps not so important as in neighboring States and + Territories.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of Territorial Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 250</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day<br /> +mileage 20 cents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dist. Attorney </td><td class="ar"> 250 & fees.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 11. U.S. Commissioners</td><td class="ar"> Fees.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dep'y Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 1,600 to 1,800</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Cheese_West.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Cheese_West.jpg" + alt="Chart of Cheese Production by Territory - headed by Utah" title="Chart of Cheese Production by Territory - headed by Utah" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> $2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Indian Agents</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ouray </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Uintah Valley </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Logan </td><td class="ar"> $1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ogden City </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Park City </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Provo City </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Salt Lake City </td><td class="ar"> 2,900</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Gold, copper and silver found in Wahsatch Mountains, the metal found + being mostly silver. Gold production, 1882, $190,000; silver, + $6,800,000.</p> + <p>Production coal, 1882, 250,000 tons; principal source of supply in + valley of Weber river.</p> + <p>Ranks third in silver, and seventh in salt, an inexhaustible supply of + the latter being furnished by the lake.</p> + <p>Population, 143,963: male, 74,509; female, 69,454; native, 99,969; + foreign, 43,994; white, 142,423; colored, 232; Chinese, 501; Indians, + 807</p> + <p>Territorial elections annual, first Monday in August; congressional + elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 12; + Representatives, 24; sessions of legislature, biennial, in odd-numbered + years, meeting second Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; terms + of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.</p> + <p>Voting population, 32,773: native white, 13,795; foreign white, + 18,283; colored, 695.</p> + <p>School population, 43,303; school age, 6-18; number colleges, 1.</p> + <p>Legal Interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 159 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page159"></a>{159}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Utah.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Utah.jpg" + alt="Map of Utah" title="Map of Utah" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 160 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page160"></a>{160}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">WYOMING.</span><span class="gap"></span>Wī-ō´ming.</p> + <p>First settlements, trading posts of Forts Laramie and Bridger; + organized 1869.</p> + <p>Area, 97,890 square miles; very nearly a rectangle, and about the same + area as Oregon; length, 350 miles; breadth, 275 miles. Largest rivers, + Green, Snake, Big Horn, Powder, Big Cheyenne and North Platte. Number + counties, 9. Temperature at Cheyenne: winter, 23° to 33°; summer, 63° to + 69°. Rainfall at Fort Laramie, 15 inches.</p> + <p>Cheyenne is the capital and principal distributing point. Railroad + mileage, 625; Union Pacific runs through extreme south from east to west, + and connects Cheyenne with Denver.</p> + <p>Wheat, rye, oats and barley flourish, but frosts too frequent for + corn. Big Horn country, in northwest, has area 15,000 square miles; fine + agricultural country; water plentiful; game and fur-bearing animals + numerous, rendering it one of most desirable hunting grounds of America. + Grazing interest important, and increasing rapidly, more than half the + area being rich grazing land. Mountains covered with forests of coniferć, + which will prove very useful for lumber.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of Territorial Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treas., </td><td class="ar"> $800 and com.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day and<br /> +20c. mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dept. Colls. Inter. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 1,400 to 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Cattle.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Cattle.jpg" + alt="Chart of Value of Cattle in Territories - headed by Wyoming" title="Chart of Value of Cattle in Territories - headed by Wyoming" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> 8 Asst. Draftsmen </td><td class="ar"> $1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Asst. Draftsmen </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Transcribing Clerks </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> 6 Transcribing Clerks </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Messenger </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Yellowstone Nat. Pk. </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 10 Assistants </td><td class="ar"> 900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cheyenne City </td><td class="ar"> $2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Evanston </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Laramie City </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rawlins </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Mineral resources extensive; iron ore abundant; copper, lead, plumbago + and petroleum found; gold, in the Sweetwater country and near Laramie + City; valuable deposits of soda in valley of the Sweetwater. Coal + abundant and of good quality at Evanston, Carbon, Rock Springs and other + points; these deposits extensively worked, and furnish nearly all the + coal used by the railroads and by settlements hundreds of miles east and + west.</p> + <p>But little attention has as yet been given to mechanical and + manufacturing industries. Capital, as last reported, $364,673, of which + $212,603 is invested in manufacture of iron and steel. Value of products + of the latter is $491,345; total value of products, $898,494. Number + hands employed, 391.</p> + <p>Population, 20,789: male, 14,152; female, 6,637; native, 14,939; + foreign, 5,850; white, 19,437; colored, 298; Chinese, 914; Indians, + 140.</p> + <p>Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in + November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of + legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting second Tuesday in + January; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each. Voting population, 10,180; native white, + 6,042; foreign white, 3,199; colored, 939.</p> + <p>Good school system started; school pop., 4,112; school age, 7-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 12; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 161 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page161"></a>{161}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Wyoming.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Wyoming.jpg" + alt="Map of Wyoming" title="Map of Wyoming" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 162 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page162"></a>{162}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">MONTANA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Mŏn-ta´nah.</p> + <p>Formerly a part of Idaho; became a Territory, 1864; received about + 2,000 square miles from Dakota, 1873.</p> + <p>Area, 146,080 square miles; length, east and west, 460 to 540 miles; + average breadth, 275 miles. Drained by the Missouri and its tributaries + and the tributaries of the Colorado. Number of counties, 14</p> + <p>Temperature at Virginia City, winter, 17° to 30°; summer, 55° to 65°: + rainfall seldom exceeds 12 inches per annum.</p> + <p>Three U.S. districts; court held twice a year at Helena, twice at + Virginia City, and three times at Deer Lodge. Helena, the capital and + most important town. Railroad mileage, 1,032; Northern Pacific extends + through the Territory from east to west.</p> + <p>Immense areas cultivable land; cereal productions, 1882, were + 1,857,540 bu., of which 1,100,000 were oats; potatoes yielded 300,000 + bu., and hay 93,000 tons. Wheat crop in 1884, 1,372,000 bu.; oats, + 1,740,000 bu. Some varieties of corn grown in portions of Territory, but + generally too cold.</p> + <p>Grazing interest of value; estimated area valuable grazing land, + 100,000 square miles; great extent of plains and mountain valleys yet + untouched by herdsmen. Latest returns give 686,839 cattle, 465,750 sheep, + and 17,544 swine.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries Territorial Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Public Instruction </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 pr. day and<br /> +20 c. mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chf. Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Deputy Colls. Internal Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Assayer </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Melter </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Gold_Placer.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Gold_Placer.jpg" + alt="Chart of Gold Production from Placer (alluvial) Fields by Territory - headed by Montana" title="Chart of Gold Production from Placer (alluvial) Fields by Territory - headed by Montana" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Indian Agents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Blackfeet </td><td class="ar"> $1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Crow </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Flathead </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Billings </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bozeman </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Butte City </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Deer Lodge City</td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dillon </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fort Benton </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Glendive </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Helena </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Livingston </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Miles City </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Missoula </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Virginia City </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>One of richest mining countries in the world; mineral wealth almost + inexhaustible. Product for 1879 was $3,629,000, of which ⅔ was + gold and ⅓ silver; product, 1880, was $3,822,379, of which + ⅔ was silver and ⅓ gold; production, 1882, $6,920,000, of + which ⅔ was silver and ⅓ gold.</p> + <p>Manufacturing interests mainly smelting works, and flour and lumber + mills. Ranks fifth in silver and in gold.</p> + <p>Population, 39,139; male, 28,177; female, 10,982; native, 27,638; + foreign, 11,521; white, 35,385; colored, 346; Chinese, 1,765; Indians, + 1663</p> + <p>Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in + November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of + legislature, biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Monday in + January; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each. Voting population, 21,544; native white, + 12,162; foreign white, 7,474; colored, 1,908.</p> + <p>School population, 10,482; school age, 4-21; graded schools in Deer + Lodge City, Virginia City and Helena.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 163 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page163"></a>{163}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Montana.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Montana.jpg" + alt="Map of Montana" title="Map of Montana" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 164 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page164"></a>{164}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">IDAHO.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ī´dah-ho</p> + <p>White population previous to 1850, mainly trappers, prospectors and + missionaries; permanent settlement began with discovery of gold, 1860; + organized as Territory, 1863.</p> + <p>Area, 84,800 square miles; length in west, 485 miles, and on Wyoming + boundary, 140 miles; width, 45 miles in north, and nearly 300 miles in + south. Drainage mainly by Salmon and Snake rivers and their tributaries. + Number counties, 15.</p> + <p>Temperature at Boisé City: winter, 30° to 40°; summer, 68° to 75°.</p> + <p>Boisé City, the capital, and contains national bank and penitentiary. + Florence and Silver City are flourishing mining towns. Railroad mileage, + 777; Northern Pacific crosses northern part.</p> + <p>Extreme north well timbered and much fertile land; extreme southeast + populated almost entirely by Mormons, chiefly farmers; 4,480,000 acres + suitable for agriculture, and 5,000,000 for grazing, most of the ranges + being as yet unoccupied. Latest reports give, cattle, 220,612; sheep, + 187,500; swine, 24,780.</p> + <p>Cash value per acre of corn in 1883, $18; wheat, $13.77; rye, $11.79; + oats, $21.31; barley, $21.30; potatoes, $73.44; hay, $10.40.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries Territorial Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 250</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day and<br /> +20c. mileage.</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Dist. Attorneys </td><td class="ar"> 250 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dep. Collectors </td><td class="ar"> 1,400 to 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Assayer </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asst. Assayer </td><td class="ar"> 1,440</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Idaho_Farm_Increase.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Idaho_Farm_Increase.jpg" + alt="Chart of Increase in Farm Crops 1870-1880 (Idaho)" title="Chart of Increase in Farm Crops 1870-1880 (Idaho)" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> Clerk </td><td class="ar"> $1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Asst. Melter </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen'l </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Messenger </td><td class="ar"> 600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Indian Agents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fort Hall </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lemhi </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nez Perces </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bellevue </td><td class="ar"> $1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Boise City </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Hailey </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ketchum </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lewiston </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Most of the gold is found in Idaho, Boisé and Alturas counties; + silver, in Owyhee county; some of the mines being very rich. Gold + production, 1883, $1,500,000; silver, $2,000,000. Wood River District on + southern slope of Salmon River Mountains, at headwaters of Wood or Malade + river, gives promise of valuable mining operations. Coal in vicinity of + Boisé City. Ranks sixth in gold and silver.</p> + <p>Manufactures, chiefly production of flour and lumber, and smelting of + ores.</p> + <p>Population, 32,610: males, 21,818; female, 10,792; native, 22,636; + foreign, 9,974; white, 29,013; colored, 53; Chinese, 3,379; Indians, + 165</p> + <p>Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in + November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of + legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting second Monday in + December; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and + Representatives, 2 years each.</p> + <p>Voting population, 14,795; native white, 7,331; foreign white, 4,385; + colored, 3,126.</p> + <p>School population, 9,650; school age, 521.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, 18; usury forfeits three times + excess of interest. <!-- Page 165 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page165"></a>{165}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Idaho.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Idaho.jpg" + alt="Map of Idaho" title="Map of Idaho" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 166 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page166"></a>{166}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">NEVADA. </td><td>Ne-vah´dah.<br /> +<b>"Sage Hen State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name of Spanish derivation, signifying "Snow-covered."</p> + <p>First white settlements in Washoe and Carson valleys, 1848; organized + as a Territory from Utah, 1861; admitted, 1864.</p> + <p>Area, 110,700 square miles; extreme length, 485 miles; length western + boundary, 210 miles; extreme breadth, 310 miles. Humboldt the longest + river; its valley, extending east and west, determined course of Central + Pacific. Number counties, 15.</p> + <p>Temperature at Winnemucca: winter, 30° to 38°; summer, 66° to 73°.</p> + <p>Virginia City, metropolis and chief commercial centre; population, + 10,917. Carson City, capital, and contains a branch mint; population, + 4,229. Railroad mileage, 948; Central Pacific extends through the State, + east and west. Waters of rivers usually fresh, and abound in fish.</p> + <p>Number farms, 1,404; many valleys easily cultivated, and crop yield + good. Corn, 1884, 830 acres; wheat, 5,515 acres; oats, 7,858 acres. Area + grazing land, 7,508,060 acres. Reported January 1, 1884, 40,732 horses + and mules; 385,350 sheep, valued at $793,821; 13,200 hogs, valued at + $110,880.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Lieut. Gov. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 2,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $8 a day and<br /> +40c. a mile.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,375</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Nevada_Farm_Produce.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Nevada_Farm_Produce.jpg" + alt="Chart of Farm Production by Crop (Nevada)" title="Chart of Farm Production by Crop (Nevada)" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> 4 Deputy Collectors </td><td class="ar"> $1,850 to 1,950</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. of Mint </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Melt. & Refiner </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Coiner </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Assayer </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cashier </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Weigh. Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Reg. Deposits </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Indian Agts. </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Austin </td><td class="ar"> $1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Carson City </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Elko </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eureka </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Gold Hill </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Reno </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tuscarora </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Virginia City </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Winnemucca </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Mineral resources of enormous value; Comstock lode supposed to be + richest silver mine in the world; Eureka one of the most productive. + Amount of gold produced, 1882, $2,000,000; silver, $6,750,000. Rich lead + and copper ores; also zinc, platinum, tin and nickel have been found. + Extensive deposits of borax in Churchill and Esmeralda counties.</p> + <p>Ranks second in gold, and fourth in silver.</p> + <p>Population, 62,266; male, 42,019; female, 20,247; native, 36,613; + foreign, 25,653; white, 53,556; colored, 488; Chinese, 5,416; Indians, + 2803</p> + <p>Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature + every 2 years; State, presidential and congressional elections Tuesday + after first Monday in November; number Senators, 20; Representatives, 40; + sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first + Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; + of Representatives, 2 years. Voting population, 31,255; native white, + 11,442; foreign white, 14,191; colored, 5,622. Idiots, insane and + convicts excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 1; school population, 10,483; school age, 6-18.</p> + <p>Legal Interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 167 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page167"></a>{167}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:35%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Nevada.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Nevada.jpg" + alt="Map of Nevada" title="Map of Nevada" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 168 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page168"></a>{168}</span></p> +<table class="nobctr"><tr><td class="bighd">CALIFORNIA. </td><td>Kal-e-for´ne-ah.<br /> +<b>"The Golden State."</b></td></tr></table> + <p>Name of Spanish origin, signifying "Hot Furnace."</p> + <p>First settlement by Spaniards at San Diego, 1768; admitted 1850.</p> + <p>Area, 158,360 square miles, the second largest State; extreme length, + 770 miles; extreme breadth, 330 miles; least breadth, 150 miles; + coastline, over 700 miles; San Francisco Bay, best harbor on western + coast. Number counties, 52.</p> + <p>Temperature at San Francisco: winter, 50° to 55°; summer, 58° to 69°. + Rainfall, Sacramento, 20 inches.</p> + <p>San Francisco, metropolis and only port of entry. Regular line of + steamers to Australia, Panama, Mexico, China and Japan; pop., 233,959. + Sacramento, capital; pop., 21,420. Population Oakland, 34,555; San José, + 12,567; Stockton, 10,282; Los Angeles, 11,183; U.S. navy yard at San + Pablo Bay.</p> + <p>Number farms, 35,934. Average value per acre, cleared land, $27.16; + woodland, $8.55.</p> + <p>One of the richest agricultural tracts in the Union; rich soil and + favorable climate, often insuring two crops per year on same field; wheat + the most valuable crop; crop of 1884, 44,320,000 bu.; corn, 8,800,000 + bu.; oats, 2,149,000 bu.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $6,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sec'y of State </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Comptroller </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Inst. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Attorney Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> State Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0 vmi"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $8 a day,<br /> +mileage 10c.<br /> +& $25</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Colls. Int. Revenue </td><td class="ar"> 3,125 to 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Customs San Francisco </td><td class="ar"> 7,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pension Agent </td><td class="ar"> 4,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Mint </td><td class="ar"> 4,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Assayer </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> M'lt'r & Refinr. </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Gold_Silver.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Gold_Silver.jpg" + alt="Chart of Gold and Silver deposited at Mints and Assay Offices 1793-1883 by State - headed by California" title="Chart of Gold and Silver deposited at Mints and Assay Offices 1793-1883 by State - headed by California" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chico </td><td class="ar"> $1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Fresno City </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Los Angeles </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Marysville </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Napa City </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oakland </td><td class="ar"> 3,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Petaluma </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Red Bluff </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sacramento </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> San Bernardino </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> San Diego </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> San Francisco </td><td class="ar"> 5,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> San Jose </td><td class="ar"> 2,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Santa Barbara </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Santa Cruz </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Santa Rosa </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Stockton </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 40 P. O. </td><td class="ar"> 1,700 to 1000</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Ranks very high as a fruit-growing state; fruits of temperate + climates, about 4,000,000 trees; sub-tropical fruits and nuts, 250,000 + trees; grape region north to 41°, with an average breadth of 100 miles, + and contains over 21,000,000 vines.</p> + <p>Fine sheep-raising country. Cashmere goats have been introduced and + are doing well.</p> + <p>Ranks first in barley, grape culture, sheep, gold and quicksilver; + third in hops; fifth in wheat and salt; seventh in silk goods; eighth in + soap and silver.</p> + <p>Population, 864,694: male, 518,176; female, 346,518; native, 571,820; + foreign, 292,874; white, 767,181; colored, 6,018; Chinese, 75,132; + Japanese, 86; Indians, 16,277.</p> + <p>Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature + every two years; number Senators, 40; Representatives, 80; sessions of + legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday after + January 1st; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of + Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number electoral votes, 8; number white voters, 262,583. Idiots, + Indians, convicts and Chinese excluded from voting.</p> + <p>School population, 216,330; school age, 5-17.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 169 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page169"></a>{169}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_California.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_California.jpg" + alt="Map of California" title="Map of California" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 170 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page170"></a>{170}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">OREGON.</span><span class="gap"></span>Or´e-gon.</p> + <p>Name derived from Spanish word signifying "Wild Thyme," so called on + account of the abundance of the herb found by early explorers. Credit of + discovery generally given to Captain Gray, of Boston, 1792; Fur Company's + trading post at Astoria, 1811; organized as a Territory, 1848; admitted + 1859.</p> + <p>Area, 96,030 square miles; average length, 360 miles; breadth, 260 + miles; coast line, 300 miles; Columbia river frontage, 300 miles. Number + counties, 27. Temperature at Portland: winter, 38° to 46° summer, 62° to + 68°: rainfall at Dalles, 22 inches, and at Fort Hoskins, 67 inches.</p> + <p>Portland, Astoria and Coos Bay are ports of entry; Oregon City, + Roseburgh and La Grande are land offices. Portland, the metropolis; + population, 33,400. Salem is capital.</p> + <p>Number farms, 16,217; about 25,000,000 acres arable land, and same of + grazing land; forest, 10,000,000 acres. Average value per acre, cleared + land, $21.71; woodland, $4.50.</p> + <p>Wheat the staple; noted for superiority of its flour and for weight, + often reaching 65 pounds per bu. Wheat crop, 1884, 15,462,000 bu.; oats, + 5,470,000 bu.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries of State Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Sec. of State,<br /> +Aud. & Comp.</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar vmi"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. of Pub. In. </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> State Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 2 Asso. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $3 a day and<br /> +15c. per mile.</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Judge </td><td class="ar"> 3,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> District Attorney </td><td class="ar"> 200 & fees.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Customs, Astoria</td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Appraiser </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Fishery.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Fishery.jpg" + alt="Chart of Fishery Production by State - headed by Oregon" title="Chart of Fishery Production by State - headed by Oregon" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> $1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Draftsman </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> 5 Indian Agents </td><td class="ar"> 1,000 to 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Albany </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Ashland </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Astoria </td><td class="ar"> 1,900</td></tr> +<tr><td> Baker City </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Corvallis </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td> East Portland </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Eugene City </td><td class="ar"> 1,400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Jacksonville </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Oregon City </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Pendleton </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Portland </td><td class="ar"> 3,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Roseburgh </td><td class="ar"> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Salem </td><td class="ar"> 2,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> The Dalles </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Cattle raising ranks 2d only to agriculture; wool is of fine + quality.</p> + <p>Extremely rich in minerals; gold found in Jackson, Josephine, Baker + and Grant counties; copper, in Josephine, Douglas and Jackson counties; + iron ore, throughout the State; coal, along Coast Range.</p> + <p>Principal exports are wheat, flour, lumber and canned salmon. Over + 10,000,000 feet lumber out annually, and over 600,000 cases salmon + packed.</p> + <p>Population, 174,768: male, 103,381; female, 71,387; native, 144,265; + foreign, 30,503; white, 163,075; colored, 487; Chinese, 9,510; Indians, + 1694</p> + <p>Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature + every two years; number of Senators, 30; Representatives, 60; sessions of + legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in + January; limit of session, 40 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of + Representatives, 2 years.</p> + <p>Number of electoral votes, 3; voting population, 59,629. U.S. army, + idiots, insane, convicts, and Chinese excluded from voting.</p> + <p>Number of colleges, 7; school population, 65,216; school age, + 4-20.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 8; by contract, 10; usury forfeits principal and + interest. <!-- Page 171 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page171"></a>{171}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Oregon.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Oregon.jpg" + alt="Map of Oregon" title="Map of Oregon" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 172 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page172"></a>{172}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">WASHINGTON.</span><span class="gap"></span>Wŏsh-ing-ton.</p> + <p>First settlement of white Americans at Tumwater, 1845, though trading + posts had before been established by fur traders; organized 1853</p> + <p>Area, 69,180 square miles, nearly same as Missouri; greatest length, + 340 miles; greatest breadth, 240 miles; Pacific coast line, about 180 + miles. Number counties, 33.</p> + <p>Temperature at Olympia: winter, 37° to 44°; summer, 59° to 62°. + Rainfall, Ft. Colville, 10 inches; at Ft. Vancouver, 39 inches, and at + Neah Bay, 123 inches.</p> + <p>Olympia is the capital, and Walla Walla and Seattle the largest towns. + Harbors of Puget Sound numerous and excellent. Railroad mileage, 716; + Northern Pacific from Wallula Junction to Idaho line, and from Kalama to + New Tacoma, which is connected by railway with Seattle.</p> + <p>About 25 per cent. of area well fitted for agriculture; cereals all + thrive, but generally too cold for corn; wheat crop, 1884, 4,118,000 + bushels; oats, 2,623,000. Fruits of temperate zone, excepting peaches, + attain perfection. Considerable attention paid to hop culture, latest + reports giving 703,277 pounds; also 1,003,530 bushels potatoes.</p> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Salaries Territorial Officers.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Governor </td><td class="ar"> $2,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Secretary </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Treasurer </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Auditor </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Supt. Pub. Ins'n. </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Librarian </td><td class="ar"> 400</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Justice </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Assoc. Justices </td><td class="ar"> 3,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="pd0"><table><tr><td>Senators,<br /> +Representatives</td><td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td></tr></table> + </td><td class="ar"> $4 a day and<br /> +20c mileage</td></tr> +<tr><td> Surveyor Gen. </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Clerk </td><td class="ar"> 1,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Chief Drftsm'n </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. of Customs </td><td class="ar"> $1,000 & fees</td></tr> +<tr><td> Col. Int. Rev. </td><td class="ar"> 2,250</td></tr> +<tr><td> 3 Dep. Colls. Int. Rev.</td><td class="ar"> 1,200 to 1,600</td></tr> +</table> +</td><td style="width:33%"> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Butter.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Butter.jpg" + alt="Chart of Butter Production by Territory - headed by Washington" title="Chart of Butter Production by Territory - headed by Washington" /></a> + </div> +</td><td style="width:33%"> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb" colspan="2"> Indian Agents.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Colville </td><td class="ar"> $1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Neah Bay </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Nisqually </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Quiniaielt </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Skokomish </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tulalip </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Yakama </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="2"> Presidential P. O.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cheney </td><td class="ar"> $1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td> Colfax </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Dayton </td><td class="ar"> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Olympia </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Port Townsend </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Seattle </td><td class="ar"> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> Spokane Falls </td><td class="ar"> 1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sprague </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Tacoma </td><td class="ar"> 1,600</td></tr> +<tr><td> Vancouver </td><td class="ar"> 1,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Walla Walla </td><td class="ar"> 2,300</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr></table> + <p>Grazing interest valuable and rapidly increasing; grazing region east + of Cascade Range, the bunch grass furnishing an inexhaustible food + supply.</p> + <p>Coal mined at Bellingham Bay and Seattle; area coal-bearing strata, + 20,000 square miles. Gold-bearing quartz and silver lodes exist in + Cascade and Coast ranges; copper, cinnabar, lead and other minerals are + found.</p> + <p>Lumber resources almost inexhaustible; amount lumber cut annually, + 250,000,000 to 300,000,000 feet, 150,000,000 being exported.</p> + <p>Population, 75,116: male, 45,973; female, 29,143; native, 59,313; + foreign, 15,803; white, 67,199; colored, 325; Chinese, 3,186; Indians, + 4,405.</p> + <p>Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday + day in November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of + legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in + October; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each; limit of + session, 60 days. Voting population, 27,670; native white, 15,858; + foreign white, 8,393; colored, 3,419.</p> + <p>Number colleges, 2; school population, 23,890; school age, 4-21.</p> + <p>Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate. <!-- Page 173 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page173"></a>{173}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Washington.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Washington.jpg" + alt="Map of Washington" title="Map of Washington" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 174 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page174"></a>{174}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INDIES.</span></p> + <p>Central America is an irregular mass of land in southern part of North + America, and lies about midway between the two great continental masses + of the New World. It includes the republics of Guatemala, Honduras, San + Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, together with British Honduras.</p> + <p>The West Indies, an extensive system of islands lying southeast of + North America, contain the large islands of Cuba, Hayti, Jamaica and + Porto Rico, and are arranged mostly in three groups; viz., Greater + Antilles, Lesser Antilles and the Bahamas.</p> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb"> </td><td class="ac ba"> Area,<br /> +Sq. Miles </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Pop. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Capital. </td><td class="ac bb vmi"> Pop. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> British Honduras </td><td class="ar br"> 7,562 </td><td class="ar br"> 27,452 </td><td class="br"> Belize </td><td class="ar"> 5,767</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Costa Rica </td><td class="ar br"> 26,040 </td><td class="ar br"> 190,000 </td><td class="br"> San Jose </td><td class="ar"> 20,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Guatemala </td><td class="ar br"> 41,830 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,278,311 </td><td class="br"> New Guatemala </td><td class="ar"> 55,728</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Honduras </td><td class="ar br"> 39,600 </td><td class="ar br"> 458,000 </td><td class="br"> Tegucigalpa </td><td class="ar"> 12,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Nicaragua </td><td class="ar br"> 49,500 </td><td class="ar br"> 400,000 </td><td class="br"> Managua </td><td class="ar"> 12,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> San Salvador </td><td class="ar br"> 7,225 </td><td class="ar br"> 554,785 </td><td class="br"> San Salvador </td><td class="ar"> 18,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Cuba </td><td class="ar br"> 43,220 </td><td class="ar br"> 1,521,684 </td><td class="br"> Havana </td><td class="ar"> 25,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br pd0" rowspan="2"> + <table><tr> + <td class="vmi">Hayti</td> + <td class="pd0 vmi"><a href="images/$lbrace.png"><img src="images/$lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex;width:0.75em;" alt="brace" /></a></td> + <td>Hayti<br />San Domingo</td> + </tr></table> + </td><td class="ar br"> 10,204 </td><td class="ar br"> 572,000 </td><td class="br"> Port-au-Prince</td><td class="ar"> 35,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ar br"> 18,045 </td><td class="ar br"> 400,000 </td><td class="br"> San Domingo </td><td class="ar"> 10,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Jamaica </td><td class="ar br"> 4,362 </td><td class="ar br"> 585,536 </td><td class="br"> Kingston </td><td class="ar"> 38,566</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Porto Rico </td><td class="ar br"> 3,550 </td><td class="ar br"> 754,313 </td><td class="br"> San Juan </td><td class="ar"> 27,000</td></tr> +</table> +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="4">Statement of Exports and Imports at Belize for the year ending Dec. 31, 1882.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac scac w50" colspan="2">EXPORTS.</td> + <td class="ac scac w50" colspan="2">IMPORTS.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bananas </td><td class="ar br"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>10,980 </td><td> Boots and Shoes </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>13,918</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cocoanuts </td><td class="ar br"> 25,132 </td><td> Butter </td><td class="ar"> 14,783</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sarsaparilla </td><td class="ar br"> 14,278 </td><td> Cotton Goods </td><td class="ar"> 190,436</td></tr> +<tr><td> Logwood </td><td class="ar br"> 306,072 </td><td> Beef and Pork </td><td class="ar"> 59,405</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mahogany </td><td class="ar br"> 215,807 </td><td> Hardware and Cutlery </td><td class="ar"> 38,234</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rubber </td><td class="ar br"> 18,064 </td><td> Flour </td><td class="ar"> 71,200</td></tr> +<tr><td> Raw Sugar </td><td class="ar br"> 218,913 </td><td> Fancy Goods </td><td class="ar"> 24,844</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="4">Exports of Cuba, 1882-83.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac" colspan="4"><span class="sc">Baracoa</span>—1883.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Cocoanuts, hundreds </td><td class="ar"> 9,083,305</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Bananas, bunches, hundred </td><td class="ar"> 628,916</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> <span class="gap"></span>Value </td><td class="ar"> $671,925</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3"> Cocoanut Oil </td><td class="ar"> 98,930</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Santa Cruz</span>—1882.</td> + <td class="ac" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Sagua and Cardenas</span>—1882.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mah'any and cedar logs </td><td class="ar br"> $166,577 </td><td> Sugar </td><td class="ar"> $17,484,884</td></tr> +<tr><td> Palm Leaf </td><td class="ar br"> 8,453 </td><td> Molasses </td><td class="ar"> 3,941,522</td></tr> +<tr><td> Mahogany Crutches </td><td class="ar br"> 1,490 </td><td> Melada </td><td class="ar"> 262,233</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="4">Exports of Porto Rico, 1882-83</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Mayaguez</span>—1883.</td> + <td class="ac" colspan="2"><span class="sc">Aquadilla and Arecibo</span>—1882.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sugar </td><td class="ar br"> $1,141,784 </td><td> Sugar </td><td class="ar"> $1,409,972</td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee </td><td class="ar br"> 1,566,327 </td><td> Coffee </td><td class="ar"> 567,073</td></tr> +<tr><td> Molasses </td><td class="ar br"> 326,690 </td><td> Tobacco </td><td class="ar"> 104,173</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="4">Exports of Hayti, 1883.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee </td><td class="ar br"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.5em;"></span>57,341,162 </td><td> Orange Peels </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.75em;"></span>459,917</td></tr> +<tr><td> Logwood </td><td class="ar br"> 264,135,490 </td><td> Crude Sugar </td><td class="ar"> 561,479</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cocoa </td><td class="ar br"> 2,735,555 </td><td> Mahogany </td><td class="ar"> 245,999</td></tr> +<tr><td> Cotton </td><td class="ar br"> 1,619,891 </td><td> Lignum-vitć </td><td class="ar"> 1,062,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ac fwb ptl" colspan="4">Exports of Jamaica, 1881-82.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sugar </td><td class="ar br"> 38,392 hhds. </td><td> Oranges </td><td class="ar"> $163,928</td></tr> +<tr><td> Rum </td><td class="ar br"> 22,742 puncheons </td><td> Coffee </td><td class="ar"> 649,848</td></tr> +<tr><td> Bananas </td><td class="ar br"> $481,838 </td><td> Dye-woods </td><td class="ar"> 501,415</td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 175 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page175"></a>{175}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Central_America_West_Indies.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Central_America_West_Indies.jpg" + alt="Map of Central America and West Indies" title="Map of Central America and West Indies" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 176 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page176"></a>{176}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">COSTA RICA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Kos´ta Ree´ka.</p> + <p>The most southern republic of Central America. Area, 26,040 square + miles. Population, 190,000. There are many volcanic peaks: Turrialba, + 12,500 feet high; Chiriqui, 11,265 feet high; Los Votos, 9,840 feet + high.</p> + <p>The chief executive, the President, elected for a term of 4 years, is + assisted by 5 ministers. Legislative power is vested in a Congress of + Deputies, chosen for 4 years. Capital, San José; pop., 20,000.</p> + <p>The principal products of the soil are coffee, sugar, maize, cocoa, + sarsaparilla and fruits. The principal export is coffee. Value of + exports, 1883, $2,431,625; of which coffee amounted to $2,000,590. + Imports chiefly manufactures from England, $2,081,805. Revenue for fiscal + year of 1885, $2,867,170, mainly derived from customs duties and the + monopoly on spirits; expenditure, $2,961,110. In 1884, $841,440 were + expended for public works. There are about 104 miles of railway: + telegraph, 451 miles.</p> + <p>The state religion is the Roman Catholic; constitution guarantees + religious liberty. There are 341 national schools and 584 private + schools; total number of pupils, 13,924.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">NICARAGUA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Nik-ar-a´gwa.</p> + <p>Largest of the Central American states. Area, 49,500 square miles. + Population, 400,000. Fifty-five per cent, of inhabitants are Indians. + Climate is healthy; mean annual temperature about 80°; rainfall about 100 + inches. Constitution adopted 1858. Presidential term, 4 years. + Legislative power rests with a Senate and a House of Representatives. + Capital, Managua; population, 12,000.</p> + <p>Through want of peace and industry the great natural resources are + undeveloped. Lead, iron, zinc, antimony, tin, quicksilver and gold are + found. The vegetable products are cotton, coffee, indigo, rice, tobacco + and corn. There are about 400,000 cattle in the country. Leading exports + in 1882: coffee, $659,550; India rubber, $638,010; gold, $150,000. + Imports for the same year, $1,477,340; exports, $1,895,760.</p> + <p>Army, 703 regulars and 9,600 militiamen. Number of schools, 178; + pupils, 8,330. Vessels entered, 1882, 213; tonnage, 256,000. Telegraph, + 1882, 800 miles; railway, 83 miles.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SAN SALVADOR.</span><span class="gap"></span>Săl-vă-dōr´.</p> + <p>In area the smallest, in population the second, of the Central + American republics. It extends along the Pacific coast 170 miles. Average + breadth, 43 miles; area, 7,225 square miles. Population, 554785</p> + <p>Constitution adopted 1864; amended 1883. Government administered by a + President, elected for 4 years, and a ministry of 4 members. The + legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives. + Capital, San Salvador; population, 18,500.</p> + <p>The temperature varies greatly; but the climate is generally + considered healthful. This is the most advanced and best cultivated of + the republics. Principal agricultural products, indigo, coffee, sugar and + balsam. Minerals are not abundant, though there are some rich veins of + silver. Value of silver ores, 1882, $700,000.</p> + <p>Latest reports give value of imports as $2,327,765; exports, + $5,638,080. Value of coffee exported, $3,416,100; indigo, $1,812,590; + sugar, $93,230. In the same year 265 vessels entered the ports.</p> + <p>The army consists of 1,200 men and 2,500 militia. <!-- Page 177 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page177"></a>{177}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">GUATEMALA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Gaw-te-mah´la.</p> + <p>The most populous of the five Central American republics. Area, 41,830 + square miles. Population, 1884, 1,278,311. Climate healthful; snow never + falls; frequent violent earthquakes occur. Watered by numerous + rivers.</p> + <p>Constitution adopted 1859; amended 1879. President is chief executive; + legislative power in the hands of National Assembly; President and + members of Assembly elected for 6 years; suffrage universal. Capital, New + Guatemala; pop., 55,728.</p> + <p>The soil is fertile; cotton, sugar cane, coffee and tobacco are grown. + Roads are poor. Coffee crop, 1884, over 42,000,000 lbs. Sugar, wool and + fruit trade recently developed. In 1882, number of land-owners 5,334.</p> + <p>Imports, 1884, valued at $2,630,100; exports, $3,716,340. Miles of + railway, 105. Miles of telegraph, 2,880; 1,100 miles controlled by the + state.</p> + <p>Army consists of 2,180 men, rank and file; 33,000 militiamen. There is + no navy.</p> + <p>In 1882, sum spent on education, $434,753; state contributed $323,860; + in 1883 there were 844 primary government schools; number night schools, + 48; pupils attending all schools, 42,021.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">HONDURAS.</span><span class="gap"></span>Hon-doo´ras.</p> + <p>Republic established November 5, 1838. Area, 39,600 square miles. + Population, 458,000. Capital, Tegucigalpa; pop., 12,000. Numerous + mountains; between them fertile valleys. Coast line on the Pacific, 40 + miles: Atlantic, 400 miles. Many excellent harbors; many rivers, some of + them navigable.</p> + <p>Government consists of President, 6 ministers, and an Assembly of 37 + Representatives. Finances badly disordered; foreign debt, $26,125,106; + interest unpaid, $24,308,846. Standing army, 830 men; militia, 31,500. + Navy, 2 steam corvettes, with 8 guns.</p> + <p>The products are mahogany, fruit, cotton, cattle, coffee, tobacco, + indigo, India rubber and rosewood. Exports from Truxillo, 1883, $804,550; + 26,000 head of cattle; mahogany valued at $88,000; hides and deer skins, + $40,000. Total exports, 1883, $2,193,149; imports, $1,749,146.</p> + <p>Railway, 29 miles. Telegraph, 1,800 miles; offices, 23; messages, + 107,730. Universities, 2; several colleges; 573 schools, with attendance + of 20,518.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BRITISH HONDURAS.</span><span class="gap"></span>Hon-doo´ras.</p> + <p>A British Colony in Central America. Area, 7,562 square miles. + Population, 27,452. Coast low and swampy; land gradually rises; on the + inland boundary are hills of from 800 to 1,000 feet high; mountains 4,000 + feet high. Sixteen rivers descend from elevated lands. Climate hot and + damp; temperature, 1878-79, 75°; rainfall 105.49 inches, unusually + heavy.</p> + <p>Government in the hands of Lieutenant Governor, an executive and a + Legislative Council. Capital, Belize; pop., 5,767. Soil fertile. Sugar + cane is grown; fruits flourish; the staple products, however, are the + natural woods of the colony. Annual export of mahogany, 3,000,000 feet; + logwood, 15,000 tons; estimated value of fruit exports, $100,000. Total + imports, 1883, $1,344,865; exports, $1,514,345. Large trade with + neighboring republics. <!-- Page 178 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page178"></a>{178}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">JAMAICA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ja-mā´ka.</p> + <p>An island of the West Indies; formally ceded to Great Britain, in + 1670, by the treaty of Madrid; most valuable possession of the British + Crown in the West Indies. Area, including the Turks and Caicos Islands, + annexed in 1873, 4,362 square miles. Population, 585,536. Surface + mountainous. There is a great variety of climate. Temperature in + lowlands, 95° at night, 85° in the day; in highlands, 40° to 50°. + Produces most of the tropical staples; the rosewood, mahogany and ebony + of the island are well known.</p> + <p>Latest reports give 121,457 acres under crops; 120,264 in guinea + grass, and 318,549 in pasture. Principal exports: coffee, 9,572,714 lbs.; + ginger, 908,603 lbs.; pimento, 6,195,109 lbs.; 29,000 hhds. of sugar; + 18,115 puncheons of rum, and 35,157 tons of logwood. Value of fruit + exported in same year, $197,255. Total value of imports, 1889, + $6,609,810; exports, $7,745,290.</p> + <p>Governor is assisted by a Privy Council and Legislative Council. + Kingston, the chief city and port, is the capital; pop., 38,566.</p> + <p>Miles of railway, 25; 60 miles in process of construction. Telegraph + stations and post offices in every town and village.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SAN DOMINGO.</span><span class="gap"></span>San Do-meeng´go.</p> + <p>A republic occupying the eastern and larger portion of the island of + Hayti. Area, 18,045 square miles. Country first settled by Spaniards + under Columbus in 1492. Republic founded 1844. President elected for a + term of 4 years; legislative power in the hands of a National Congress. + Capital, San Domingo, founded 1494; population, 10000</p> + <p>The country is very fertile. Principal products, sugar, molasses, + tobacco, cotton, coffee, cacao, fruits, mahogany and live stock. The + production of sugar and molasses is largely on the increase. Latest + reports give $5,000,000 capital invested in sugar factories; amount of + product, 10,000 tons.</p> + <p>Value of imports, 1883, $3,142,100; exports, $2,129,265. At the two + most important ports, San Domingo and Puerto Plata, there entered, in + 1883, 297 vessels, of 192,042 tons.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">HAYTI.</span><span class="gap"></span>Hā´tee.</p> + <p>A republic, occupying the west part of the Island of Hayti. Area, + 10,204 square miles. Population, 572,000. Capital, Port au Prince; pop., + 35,000. Nine-tenths of total population are negroes. Essentially + mountainous. In plains, temperature rises to 96° and 100°; on high lands, + ranges between 60° and 76°. Constitution was adopted 1867. President is + elected for 4 years; National Assembly consists of Senate and House of + Commons. Mountains cultivable almost to their summits; covered with + valuable timber. Agriculture is backward, though the soil is probably the + most fertile in the West Indies. Business of the country transacted by + foreigners.</p> + <p>Finances badly deranged; foreign debt, $6,409,970; no interest paid on + debt for years. Revenue, $4,500,000; expenditures, $7,000,000. + Three-fourths of revenue derived from duties on imports and exports. + Imports, 1881, $7,283,620; exports, $6,240,460. In same year, 792 vessels + entered, and 768 vessels cleared, the ports of Hayti.</p> + <p>By a law of 1878, army consists of 6,828 men; the Guard of the + Government, 650 men.</p> + <p>Language of the country, French; religion, Roman Catholic. <!-- Page + 179 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page179"></a>{179}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">CUBA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Kū´ba.</p> + <p>A Spanish colony in the West Indies. Area, 43,220 square miles. + Population, 1,521,684; 50 per cent. of the inhabitants are blacks and + enfranchised slaves. The greatest length of the island is 760 miles; + width varies from 20 to 135 miles; coast line about 2,000 miles. Surface + is broken by a mountain chain running through its centre from east to + west; average altitude of summit is between 5,000 and 6,000 feet. Pico de + Turquino, 7,670 feet, is the highest peak. There are over 260 rivers, all + valueless for navigation purposes, except the Canto. Mineral springs + abound.</p> + <p>But little attention has been paid to the development of the mineral + wealth. Gold was obtained by the early colonists, but for two centuries + comparatively none has been found. There are extensive copper mines, and + coal is abundant. Copperas and alum have also been obtained.</p> + <p>Rainfall at Havana: in the wet season, 27.8 inches; dry season, 12.7 + inches. Average temperature: at Havana, 77°; at Santiago de Cuba, 80°. + Yellow fever and earthquakes are frequent.</p> + <p>Thirteen million acres of Cuban territory are uncleared forests; + 7,000,000 wild and uncultivated. Principal woods grown and exported are + mahogany, rosewood, Cuban ebony, and cedar.</p> + <p>Tobacco and sugar raising principal occupation of the people. Many + sugar plantations comprise 10,000 acres each.</p> + <p>Two crops of Indian corn grown per year; rice, cotton, cacao and + indigo also produced; most tropical fruits are abundant. Sugar product + averages 520,000 tons per year; molasses, 79,365 hogsheads. Total value + of agricultural products over $90,000,000. United States receives 80 per + cent. of Cuban sugar. No manufactures deserving mention.</p> + <p>Latest reports give exports of cigars 225,000,000 per annum; leaf + tobacco, 13,500,000 pounds. There are about 900 miles of railway. Marine + cable connects Cuba with Florida.</p> + <p>Roman Catholicism is the only religion tolerated. Education + compulsory; school attendance, 34,813.</p> + <p>Havana is the capital; Pop., 25,000. Government administered by a + Captain General, appointed by the Spanish Crown. The island is now + represented in the Spanish Cortes, Madrid.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">PORTO RICO.</span><span class="gap"></span>Pōr´to Ree´ko.</p> + <p>The smallest of the Greater Antilles. Area, including dependencies, + 3,550 square miles. Population, 754,313. Rectangular in shape; length, + 100 miles; breadth, 40 miles. A range of mountains extends across the + island from east to west; highest peak, 3,678 feet.</p> + <p>The island is very fertile; its principal products are sugar cane, + coffee, tobacco, cotton, rice and Indian corn. In proportion to its area, + it produces more sugar than any other West India island.</p> + <p>Government is administered under a constitution granted by the Spanish + Cortes, 1869. Slavery was abolished in 1873. Capital, San Juan; pop. + about 27,000. Climate warm; more healthful than that of the other + Antilles. Destructive hurricanes are frequent. The natural productions + are very numerous; medicinal plants and many valuable woods, as mahogany, + ebony, logwood, and cedar, abound in the forests. Business in the hands + of foreigners. Imports, 1871, $17,500,000; exports $15,500,000. Export of + sugar, 111,084 tons; molasses, 7,590,915 gallons.</p> + <p>Telegraphic cable connects Porto Rico with other West Indies; + telegraph lines connect the principal towns; there are no railroads. <!-- + Page 180 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page180"></a>{180}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Cuba.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Cuba.jpg" + alt="Map of Cuba" title="Map of Cuba" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 181 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page181"></a>{181}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">SOUTH AMERICA.</span></p> + <p>A vast, compact, triangular peninsula, forming southern portion of + Western Continent. Area, 6,827,230 square miles; extreme length, 4,550 + miles; extreme breadth, about 3,300 miles. Number political divisions, + 11.</p> +<table class="tpbtctr"> +<tr><td class="ac br bb vmi"> Divisions. </td><td class="ac ba"> Area,<br /> +Sq. Miles. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Population. </td><td class="ac ba vmi"> Capitals. </td><td class="ac bb vmi"> Pop. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Argentine Republic </td><td class="ar br"> 1,125,086 </td><td class="ar br"> 3,026,000 </td><td class="br"> Buenos Ayres </td><td class="ar"> 295,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Bolivia </td><td class="ar br"> 842,729 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,300,000 </td><td class="br"> La Paz </td><td class="ar"> 76,372</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Brazil </td><td class="ar br"> 3,288,963 </td><td class="ar br"> 9,883,622 </td><td class="br"> Rio de Janeiro</td><td class="ar"> 274,972</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Chili </td><td class="ar br"> 256,399 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,271,949 </td><td class="br"> Santiago </td><td class="ar"> 200,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Colombia </td><td class="ar br"> 504,773 </td><td class="ar br"> 4,000,000 </td><td class="br"> Bogota </td><td class="ar"> 100,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Ecuador </td><td class="ar br"> 248,370 </td><td class="ar br"> 946,033 </td><td class="br"> Quito </td><td class="ar"> 80,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Guiana, British </td><td class="ar br"> 76,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 248,110 </td><td class="br"> Georgetown </td><td class="ar"> 36,562</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Guiana, French </td><td class="ar br"> 48,000 </td><td class="ar br"> 36,760 </td><td class="br"> Cayenne </td><td class="ar"> 10,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Guiana, Dutch </td><td class="ar br"> 46,060 </td><td class="ar br"> 68,255 </td><td class="br"> Paramaribo </td><td class="ar"> 27,416</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Paraguay </td><td class="ar br"> 91,970 </td><td class="ar br"> 346,048 </td><td class="br"> Asuncion </td><td class="ar"> 16,000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Peru </td><td class="ar br"> 503,718 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,699,945 </td><td class="br"> Lima </td><td class="ar"> 101,488</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Uruguay </td><td class="ar br"> 73,538 </td><td class="ar br"> 438,245 </td><td class="br"> Montevideo </td><td class="ar"> 115,500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="br"> Venezuela </td><td class="ar br"> 632,695 </td><td class="ar br"> 2,121,988 </td><td class="br"> Caracas </td><td class="ar"> 55,638</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>PRINCIPAL LAKES.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:30em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Maracaybo, area </td><td class="br ar"> 4,900 sq. miles. </td><td> Titicaca, area </td><td class="ar"> 4,000 sq. miles.</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LENGTHS OF RIVERS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:30em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> Miles. </td><td> </td><td class="ar"> Miles.</td></tr> +<tr><td> Amazon </td><td class="ar br"> 3,750 </td><td> Parana </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Caroni </td><td class="ar br"> 400 </td><td> Pilcomayo </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Canca </td><td class="ar br"> 600 </td><td> Purus </td><td class="ar"> 2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Guaviare </td><td class="ar br"> 450 </td><td> San Francisco </td><td class="ar"> 1,550</td></tr> +<tr><td> Madeira </td><td class="ar br"> 2,000 </td><td> Tocantins </td><td class="ar"> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> Magdalena </td><td class="ar br"> 900 </td><td> Uruguay </td><td class="ar"> 800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Meta </td><td class="ar br"> 500 </td><td> Xingu </td><td class="ar"> 1,300</td></tr> +</table> +<h3>LATEST REPORTED VALUE EXPORTS.</h3> +<table class="nobctr" style="width:30em"> +<tr><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td><td colspan="2" class="w50"></td></tr> +<tr><td> Cotton: </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> Diamonds:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Brazil </td><td class="ar br"> $4,063,650 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Brazil </td><td class="ar"> $<span class="gap" style="width:0.75em;"></span>370,316</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Colombia </td><td class="ar br"> 32,560 </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Venezuela </td><td class="ar br"> 36,449 </td><td> Tobacco:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Brazil </td><td class="ar"> 5,344,500</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Paraguay </td><td class="ar"> 658,650</td></tr> +<tr><td> Sugar: </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Venezuela </td><td class="ar"> 58,778</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Brazil </td><td class="ar br"> 16,250,000 </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Peru </td><td class="ar br"> 2,354,095 </td><td> Rubber:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Brazil </td><td class="ar"> 5,965,000</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Ecuador </td><td class="ar"> 428,800</td></tr> +<tr><td> Coffee: </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Brazil </td><td class="ar br"> 52,720,000 </td><td> Hides:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Columbia </td><td class="ar br"> 2,396,337 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Brazil </td><td class="ar"> 4,040,750</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Venezuela </td><td class="ar br"> 9,930,430 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Colombia </td><td class="ar"> 1,000,608</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>British Guiana </td><td class="ar br"> 3,019 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Venezuela </td><td class="ar"> 395,915</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>British Guiana </td><td class="ar"> 11,703</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td> Cocoa: </td><td class="ar br"> </td><td> Indigo:</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Colombia </td><td class="ar br"> 15,575 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Columbia </td><td class="ar"> 8,360</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Venezuela </td><td class="ar br"> 1,602,443 </td><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Venezuela </td><td class="ar"> 23,290</td></tr> +<tr><td> <span class="gap" style="width:1em;"></span>Ecuador </td><td class="ar br"> 2,768,670 </td><td> </td></tr> +</table> +<p><!-- Page 182 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page182"></a>{182}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_South_America.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_South_America.jpg" + alt="Map of South America" title="Map of South America" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 183 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page183"></a>{183}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA.</span></p> + <p>A federal republic in the northwestern part of South America, composed + of 9 States. Area, 504,773 square miles. The country is traversed by + three ranges of the Andes Mountains. There are numerous large, navigable + rivers, tributaries of the Orinoco and Amazon.</p> + <p>The constitution was adopted in 1863. Government in the hands of a + President, elected for 2 years, a ministry of 7 members, and a Congress + composed of a Senate and House of Representatives. Capital, Bogota; + population, 100,000. Strength of the Federal Army determined by Congress. + Peace footing for 1882-83, 4,000 men.</p> + <p>The climate varies according to the elevation: the coast lands are + usually hot and sickly: but the high table lands, as a rule, possess a + genial climate; that of Bogota is unusually fine.</p> + <p>The mineral wealth of Colombia is very great; one-sixth of the exports + consist of precious metals. Agriculture and stock raising are the leading + pursuits. Value of imports, 1883, $11,504,028; exports, $14,857,170. + Two-thirds of the exports consist of cinchona and coffee. The transit + trade through the ports of Panama and Aspinwall is of far greater + importance than the direct commerce; its value is estimated as not less + than $85,000,000 per annum.</p> + <p>There are many native products, among which are fine woods, cacao, + India rubber, ipecac, calisaya bark, cochineal, sarsaparilla and logwood. + These, and tobacco, cinchona, coffee, sugar, indigo, rice, cotton, hides, + ores and Panama hats, form the chief exports.</p> + <p>In 1883, 1,513 vessels, of 709,175 tons, entered the ports of + Colombia. Number of miles of railway in the republic, 140. It is expected + that the ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama will be opened in 1888. + The company have a subscribed capital of $125,000,000.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">VENEZUELA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Vĕn´ez-wee´la.</p> + <p>A republic of South America, formed in 1830. The republic was, in + 1881, subdivided into 8 States, 1 Federal District, 8 Territories and 2 + national settlements. Area, according to an official statement of 1884, + 632,695 square miles; population, 2,121,988. The Andes Mountains cross + the northern part from west to east; the Orinoco and other important + rivers pass through the southern part.</p> + <p>Executive power is in the hands of a President, who exercises his + authority through a ministry of 6 and a Federal Council of 16 members; + legislative, in a Congress of two Houses, the Senate and House of + Representatives. Vice-President chosen by the Council. Capital, Carácas; + population, 55,638. Chief towns, Valencia (population, 36,145) and + Barquisimeto (population, 28,918). Army: peace footing, 2,545 officers + and men; war footing, 350,000.</p> + <p>Mineral resources very great. Venezuela gold fields among the richest + in the world; iron and copper abundant. Value of mineral products, 1884, + §4,452,050; gold, $3,243,380. Latest reports give value of imports as + $17,253,130; exports, $19,720,225.</p> + <p>Agriculture the most important industry. Number engaged in it, 1884, + 375,820; number of acres cultivated, 852,500. Coffee the most important + product; total value of product, 1884, $11,255,000; value, of sugar + product, $7,686,000; corn, $6,000,000; cocoa, $2,998,000. Latest reports + give number of cattle as 2,926,733; goats and sheep, 3,490,563; horses, + 291,603; mules, 906,467; swine, 976,600.</p> + <p>State religion, Roman Catholic; all others tolerated. In 1883 the + government spent $500,000 in public instruction. Number universities, 2; + colleges, 33; normal schools, 5; other schools, 1,794. Number of miles of + railway, 1884, 102; telegraphs, 1,145 miles. <!-- Page 184 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page184"></a>{184}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Colombia_Venezuela_Guiana.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Colombia_Venezuela_Guiana.jpg" + alt="Map of Colombia Venezuela and Guiana" title="Map of Colombia Venezuela and Guiana" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 185 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page185"></a>{185}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BRITISH GUIANA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ghe-a´na.</p> + <p>A territory in northeast part of South America. First settled by the + Dutch, 1580. Acquired by the British in 1803; formally ceded in 1814. + Estimated area, 76,000 square miles. Population, 248,110. Crossed by two + great mountain systems. Contains many rivers; largest, Essequibo, 600 + miles long, noted for magnificent cataracts. Thermometer rises to 90° in + warm weather; falls to 75° in winter season; mean annual average at + Georgetown, 81°. Rainfall per year, about 72 inches.</p> + <p>Vegetation is luxuriant. Large sections are covered with valuable + forests, which furnish exhaustless supplies of timber, largely used for + shipbuilding. Number sugar plantations, 120; coffee estates, 12. Sugar + forms 92 per cent. of exports; latest reports give 111,156 hhds. Rum + exported, 32,531 puncheons; rum issued for home consumption, 330,392 + gals. Export of molasses, 17,084 casks; timber export, 464,436 cubic + feet. Total imports, 1882, $10,498,160; exports, $16,043,155.</p> + <p>Government administered by a Governor appointed by British Crown, and + a Court of Policy.</p> + <p>Georgetown the capital; pop., 36,562. Number of schools sanctioned by + Board of Education, 177; Church of England, 81.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">DUTCH GUIANA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ghe-a´na.</p> + <p>Lies east of British Guiana, often called Surinam from the river of + that name. Coast line, 220 miles. Dutch first visited the country about + 1580; but the first settlement in Surinam was made by an Englishman, in + 1630. Area, 46,060 square miles. Population, 68,255; 54,602 negroes.</p> + <p>Local government consists of a Governor and Colonial Assembly. + Capital, Paramaribo; population, 27,416.</p> + <p>Mean annual temperature, 80.4°; coldest month mercury falls to 78°; + warmest, mercury rises to 99°. Rainfall, 99 inches; at Paramaribo the + average of eight years was 101 inches.</p> + <p>Large tracts of territory covered with primeval forests. Great staple + of Guiana is sugar; average yearly export, about 10,645 tons. First cocoa + sent to Amsterdam, 1733; the average yearly production is now more than + 13,000 tons. Cotton and coffee rank next. Gold-mining is a growing + industry. Latest reported value of exports, $1,151,070; imports, + $1,316,355.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">FRENCH GUIANA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ghe-a´na.</p> + <p>East of Dutch Guiana. Area, 48,000 square miles. Population, 36,760. + Coast line low and swampy. Large portion of the territory is covered with + dense forests. Rainy season from November to June. Rainfall at Cayenne, + 10 feet per year; heavier in the interior. Temperature: in summer, 86°; + winter, mean, 79°, and seldom sinks so low as 70°. In this century there + have been three earthquakes.</p> + <p>Administration in the hands of Governor and Military Commandant.</p> + <p>Capital, Cayenne; pop., 10,000.</p> + <p>Coffee, introduced in 1716, is extensively grown. Guiana cocoa, + bread-fruit, arrow-root, bananas, yams, oil, and date palm are among the + products; but the principal source of food is manioc. Contains valuable + gold deposits. French criminal penitentiaries located in this country. + <!-- Page 186 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page186"></a>{186}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BRAZIL.</span><span class="gap"></span>Bra-zil´.</p> + <p>This is the largest of the South American countries, and the only + empire in the New World. Contains many rivers. Amazon, the longest, + drains 800,000 square miles of Brazilian territory. Temperature in the + valley of the Amazon ranges from 68° to 85°, while at Rio Janeiro the + average is 75°. Area, 3,288,963. Population, 9,883,622. Capital, Rio de + Janeiro; pop., 274,972.</p> + <p>Executive power is vested in the Emperor, ministers and Secretaries of + State; legislative authority rests with the Senate and and Chamber of + Deputies. The empire is divided into 20 Provinces.</p> + <p>Country rich in minerals and precious stones. Total value of diamond + washings for the first 100 years was about $20,000,000. Diamond mines are + now owned by private individuals. Manufactures in late years improved by + the introduction of American machinery.</p> + <p>During the last 16 years the increase in exports has been 20 per + cent.; in imports, 22 per cent. The value of coffee exported in 1882-83 + was $52,720,000; sugar, $16,250,000; raw cotton, $4,063,650; tobacco, + $5,344,500; India rubber, $5,965,000. Total imports, 1882-83, + $111,434,300; exports, $134,945,100. In 1883, 2,989 vessels, of 2,367,296 + tons, entered, and 2,522, of 2,095,237 tons, cleared, Brazilian + ports.</p> + <p>Number miles railway, January, 1884, 3,500; 1,500 in process of + construction. Telegraph system under the control of the government; miles + of wire in 1883, 4,900. Army, on peace footing, 13,500 strong; in time of + war, 32,000. Naval force consists of 35 steam vessels, with 123 guns and + 5,704 seamen.</p> + <p>Established religion, Roman Catholic. Clergy are supported by the + state. Compulsory education exists in several Provinces; 84 per cent. of + population is illiterate. Total number of schools, 5,685.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">BOLIVIA.</span><span class="gap"></span>Bo-liv´e-a.</p> + <p>A republic of South America, named in honor of Simon Bolivar; formed, + in 1825, from provinces of Upper Peru; ceded all coast territory to Chili + in 1880. Area, 842,729 square miles. Population, 2,300,000. Surface + broken by two mountain ranges. Highest peak, Sahama, 22,350 feet; many + volcanoes. Lake Titicaca is the largest inland body of water in South + America; area, 4,000 square miles; Madeira river, with tributaries, + navigable for 3,000 miles in Bolivia; La Paz chief city; pop., 76,372. + Capital, Sucre or Chuquisaca.</p> + <p>President elected for 4 years. Legislative power rests with a Congress + of 2 chambers,—Senate and House of Representatives. Universal + suffrage prevails; Vice-President is appointed by President.</p> + <p>The climate embraces all degrees of heat and cold. The products of two + zones are found in Bolivia. Ebony, rosewood, mahogany, cinchona, and + other valuable trees abound. Manufactures limited to coarse cotton cloth, + hats, cordage, leather and alpaca. Tin, copper, gold, and vast quantities + of India rubber of the finest quality abound. Silver mines almost + inexhaustible; annual yield of the Cerro de Potosi mines, $2,250,000. + Two-thirds of exports are silver. Imports average $6,150,000; exports, + $9,000,000.</p> + <p>Standing army, 2,421 men; generals and other officers, 1,021; + two-thirds of revenue goes to support the army.</p> + <p>Roman Catholic the prevailing religion; other creeds tolerated; 4 + universities. In 1884 but 12,000 pupils and students at schools and + colleges. Three railroads open for traffic. <!-- Page 187 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page187"></a>{187}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:59%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Brazil_Bolivia_Peru_Ecuador.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Brazil_Bolivia_Peru_Ecuador.jpg" + alt="Map of Brazil Bolivia Peru and Ecuador" title="Map of Brazil Bolivia Peru and Ecuador" /></a> + </div> + <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><!-- Page 188 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page188"></a>{188}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ECUADOR.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ek-wa-dōr´.</p> + <p>A republic of South America, constituted 1830; situated on the + equator, from which it takes its name. Extremely mountainous; traversed + from north to south by three ranges of the Andes. Most lofty peaks: + Cotopaxi, 18,880 feet; Chimborazo, 21,424; Cayambe, 19,831. Climate, on + the coast, hot; on the high table lands, cold and bleak; valleys are free + from extremes of temperature. Area, 248,370 square miles. Population, + 946,033. Quito, the capital, has 80,000 inhabitants; Guayaquil, the + principal seaport, 26,000. Quito is the highest inhabited city, being + 9,500 feet above sea-level.</p> + <p>Ecuador was formed from the American Free State, founded by Simon + Bolivar. Executive power rests with a President, elected for 4 years; + legislative, with a Congress of two houses. President and Vice-President + are nominated by 900 chosen electors. Vice-president is President of the + Council of State. Hereditary rights or privileges prohibited by law. + Belief in the Roman Catholic church, qualification for suffrage.</p> + <p>The soil of Ecuador will grow the products of every zone. There is a + copious growth of the cinchona tree, sarsaparilla, vanilla, copaiba, + balsam of Tolu, etc. Many fibrous plants, suitable for the manufacture of + paper and cordage, are found in profusion. The immense mineral wealth is + untouched; agriculture is neglected; manufactures are insignificant. The + roads afford no facilities for commerce, being mostly mule tracks. Miles + of railway number but 75.</p> + <p>Export of cocoa, 1883 valued at $3,372,200; India rubber, $428,800. + Total value of exports, $4,923,300; imports, about $6,000,000. In 1883, + 151 vessels, of 155,283 tons, entered, and 160 vessels, of 158,970 tons, + cleared the port of Guayaquil.</p> + <p>Only 7.5 per cent. of population can read or write. In 1884, standing + army fixed at 1,600 men.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">PERU.</span><span class="gap"></span>Pe-roo´.</p> + <p>A republic of South America. Area, previous to the war with Chili, + 503,718 square miles. Population, 2,699,945. Since the war about 70,000 + square miles of Peruvian territory are occupied by Chili. Traversed by + two systems of the Andes Mountains; highest point is the volcano of + Misti, 20,300 feet above sea-level. Temperature at Callao about 60°; Lima + about 70°.</p> + <p>Independence declared in 1821. The government is administered by the + President, Senate and House of Representatives. The Peruvian constitution + is planned after that of the United States. Lima, the capital, has a + population of about 100,000.</p> + <p>The chief occupations are sheep raising, agriculture and mining; + manufactures unimportant. Mountain valleys are very fertile; mountains + are rich in minerals. Between 1853 and 1872, 8,000,000 tons of guano were + taken from the Chincha Islands. Latest reliable reports give: imports, + $24,000,000; exports (exclusive of guano and nitre), $31,000,000. + Principal exports are guano, nitrate of soda, wool, sugar, silver and + cinchona.</p> + <p>State finances deranged by the late war with Chili; foreign debt + $164,765,000; arrears in interest, $65,954,970. Railway system projected + in 1852; miles of line, 1878, 2,030. Telegraph lines, 1878, 1,382 miles. + The merchant marine, 1877, consisted of 147 vessels, with a combined + capacity of 49,860 tons. Army and navy almost annihilated in the war with + Chili; army now consists of 13,200 men; navy, of 18 steam vessels, with + 66 guns. <!-- Page 189 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page189"></a>{189}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.</span><span class="gap"></span>Ar´jen-tine.</p> + <p>A republic of South America. Total area, 1,125,086 square miles. Total + population, 1882, 3,026,000. Foreigners: Italians, 123,641; French, + 55,432; Spaniards, 59,022; Germans, 8,616; English, 17,950. Population of + Buenos Ayres, the capital, was, in 1882, 295,000; Rosario has a + population of 32,204; Cordova, 39,651; ten towns have over 10,000 + inhabitants. Population rapidly increasing from immigration. In 1877 + immigrants numbered 28,708; 1880. 41,615: 1882, 59,843; during first nine + months of 1883, 73,210. The country is divided into 14 Provinces. + Executive power is vested in a President, elected for a term of 6 years; + legislative power is vested in a Congress, composed of a Senate and House + of Deputies. President and Vice-President must be Roman Catholics. + Constitution almost identical with that of the United States.</p> + <p>Public revenue derived from heavy customs duties. Income for 1884, + $32,400,000; Import does, $21,115,000; export dues, $3,010,000; total + expenditure, $32,460,000. Annual exports: wool, $28,250,000; hides, + $14,000,000; sheep skins, $4,250,000; tallow, $6,000,000; live animals, + $1,750,000; maize, $2,100,000.</p> + <p>The area devoted to agriculture is yearly increasing. In 1882 the + confederation possessed 14,206,499 horned cattle, 72,683,045 sheep, + 4,856,808 horses. Total value of live stock, $210,000,000. In 1882 the + wheat product of the province of Santa Fé was 2,250,000 bushels.</p> + <p>Miles of railway, 2,500, and 651 miles are being constructed. In 1884 + there were 9,800 miles of telegraph line, 8,060 miles owned by the + state.</p> + <p>Many navigable rivers afford excellent facilities for transportation. + The Uruguay river is navigable for 200 miles; the Rio Negro, for 500; and + the Colorado, for 150.</p> + <p>There are universities at Buenos Ayres and Cordova; professors, 66; + students, 923: there are also 28 middle class and normal schools, and + 1,985 primary.</p> + <p>The army in 1884 consisted of 7,812 officers and men; militia and + National Guard, 350,000. Service in National Guard compulsory; regular + army supplied by recruitment.</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">URUGUAY.</span><span class="gap"></span>Oo-roo-gwī´.</p> + <p>This South American republic formed a Brazilian Province until 1825. + Independence recognized by treaty of Montevideo, 1828; constitution + proclaimed 1831. Area estimated at 73,538 square miles. Population, + 438,245. Government in the hands of a President, elected for four years, + assisted by 5 ministers, and a Parliament composed of two houses. + Capital, Montevideo; population, 115,500.</p> + <p>The country forms a vast rolling plain, abounding in natural pastures. + The chief industry is the rearing of cattle and sheep. It is estimated + that 35,000,000 acres are used for pastoral purposes, on which are + 6,711,778 cattle and 20,000,000 sheep. Chief agricultural products, wheat + and Indian corn. Climate is generally humid, but temperate and + healthful.</p> + <p>Revenue derived from customs duties. Commerce active. Value of + imports, 1833, $21,634,475; exports, $26,831,555. Principal articles of + export, cattle, hides, tallow, and dried and preserved meats.</p> + <p>Permanent army numbers 3,494 men, besides an armed police force of + 3,200, and a national guard of 20,000 men. State religion, Roman + Catholic. Number of children in all schools, 40,000. Miles of railway, + 1884, 271; of telegraph, 1,405. <!-- Page 190 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page190"></a>{190}</span></p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">CHILI.</span><span class="gap"></span>Chil´lee.</p> + <p>A republic of South America. Area, 256,399 square miles. Population, + 2,271,949. This country is long and narrow, embracing extremes of + temperature. Mean annual temperature at Santiago, 55°; at Valparaiso, + 58°. Spring begins in September; winter, in June. Lakes and rivers are + few; both are fed by the snow melting in the Andes; they are worthless + for navigation, but valuable for irrigation purposes. Surface is + mountainous; mean elevation of Andes, 11,830 feet; Aconcagua, the highest + peak, 22,420 feet.</p> + <p>Chili is divided into 18 Provinces and 4 Territories. The constitution + of 1833 vests the legislative power in a Senate and a Chamber of + Deputies. Executive power rests with a President, a Council of State, and + a Cabinet of 5 ministers. Capital, Santiago; pop., 200,000. The potato is + indigenous. Olive trees, mulberries and vines flourish. Cedar is the most + important tree in Chili. Fruit is plentiful. This republic is rich in + gold and silver, and especially in copper. Wheat the most important + cereal product; value of wheat exported in 1882, $6,649,345. Value of + chief exports in 1883: iodine, $2,987,490; bar copper, $14,339,460; + silver, $4,624,110. Revenue for 1884, $49,900,000, one-half of which was + derived from customs duties and monopolies; expenditure, $46,536,550. + Total exports in 1883 were valued at $79,732,550; imports, + $54,447,060.</p> + <p>The Chilian commercial marine consisted, 1883, of 131 vessels, of + 53,071 tons. In 1882, 1,482, of 1,367,849 tons, entered, and 1,428, of + 1,431,028 tons, cleared, the various ports of Chili.</p> + <p>One of the first states in South America to construct railways; length + of line in 1883, 1,378 miles, of which 600 miles belonged to the state; + cost of state lines, $42,141,686. In 1883 there were 6,840 miles of + telegraph line, property of the state. By a law of 1884 the strength of + the army can not exceed 12,410; at the same date the National Guard + numbered 51,826, of whom 17,408 were on duty. Navy consists of over 20 + war vessels.</p> + <p>State religion is the Roman Catholic; all creeds are protected; clergy + is subsidized by the state; civil marriage is acknowledged by law. + Besides the National Institute at Santiago, there are many colleges of + different kinds; many agricultural and other special schools. There were, + in 1883, 5,042 students attending universities and colleges. The + attendance at the 724 public primary schools was 60541</p> +<p class="cenhead"><span class="bighd">PARAGUAY.</span><span class="gap"></span>Pa-ra-gwā´.</p> + <p>A republic of South America, entirely inland. Area 91,970 square + miles. Population, 346,048. Became independent in 1811; was ruled by Dr. + Francis for 25 years. The government is entrusted to a President and + Congress. Capital, Asuncion; pop., 16,000.</p> + <p>Soil and forests are very great sources of wealth. Manufactures are + few and crude. The country is well watered by numerous streams and lakes. + Three crops of tobacco per year are grown; home consumption, 15,000,000 + lbs.; export, about 7,500,000 lbs. Sugar cane yields well; in 1882 there + were 37,500,000 pounds of sugar produced. Maize returns one hundred and + forty fold; rice, two hundred and fifty fold. Maté, or Paraguayan tea, + the most important product. Imports, 1881, $1,278,000; exports, + $1,928,500. The state owes Brazil and allies $236,000,000; Foreign debt, + $17,315,000.</p> + <p>Army numbers 607 men, lately reduced in order to diminish expenses. + Railway, 45 miles; telegraph, 45 miles. <!-- Page 191 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page191"></a>{191}</span></p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width:33%;"> + <a href="images/Alden_Chili_Argentine_Republic.jpg"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Alden_Chili_Argentine_Republic.jpg" + alt="Map of Chili Argentine Republic etc." title="Map of Chili Argentine Republic etc." /></a> + </div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Alden's Handy Atlas of the World, by John B. 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