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+The Project Gutenberg Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, v4
+#4 in our series by Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+#8 in our series Historic Court Memoirs
+
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+Title: The Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, v4
+
+Author: Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+
+Official Release Date: March, 2002  [Etext #3845]
+[Yes, we are about one year ahead of schedule]
+[The actual date this file first posted = 06/24/01]
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+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+The Project Gutenberg Etext of The Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, v4
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+
+MEMOIRS OF JEAN FRANCOIS PAUL de GONDI, CARDINAL DE RETZ, v4
+
+Written by Himself
+
+Being Historic Court Memoirs of the Great Events during the Minority of
+Louis XIV. and the Administration of Cardinal Mazarin.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK IV.
+
+In December, 1651, the Parliament agreed to the following resolution: To
+send a deputation to the King to inform him of the rumours of Mazarin's
+return, and to beseech him to confirm the royal promise which he had made
+to his people upon that head; to forbid all governors to give the
+Cardinal passage; to desire the King to acquaint the Pope and other
+Princes with the reasons that had obliged him to remove the Cardinal; and
+to send to all the Parliaments of the kingdom to make the like decree.
+
+Somebody making a motion that a price might be set upon the Cardinal's
+head, I and the rest of the spiritual councillors retired, because
+clergymen are forbidden by the canon law to give their vote in cases of
+life and death.
+
+They agreed also to send deputies to the King to entreat him to write to
+the Elector of Cologne to send the Cardinal out of his country, and to
+forbid the magistrates of all cities to entertain any troops sent to
+favour his return or any of his kindred or domestics.  A certain
+councillor who said, very judiciously, that the soldiers assembling for
+Mazarin upon the frontiers would laugh at all the decrees of Parliament
+unless they were proclaimed to them by good musketeers and pikemen, was
+run down as if he had talked nonsense, and all the clamour was that it
+belonged only to the King to disband soldiers.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans acquainted the House, on the 29th, that Cardinal
+Mazarin had arrived at Sedan; that Marechals de Hoquincourt and de la
+Ferte were gone to join him with their army to bring him to Court; and
+that it was high time to oppose his designs.  Upon this it was
+immediately resolved that deputies should be despatched forthwith to the
+King; that the Cardinal and all his adherents should be declared guilty
+of high treason; that the common people should be commanded to treat them
+as such wherever they met them; that his library and all his household
+goods should be sold, and that 150,000 livres premium should be given to
+any man who should deliver up the said Cardinal, either dead or alive.
+Upon this expression all the ecclesiastics retired, for the reason above
+mentioned.
+
+A new decree was passed on the 2d of January, 1652, wherein it was
+decided that all the Parliaments of France should be invited to issue
+their decrees against Mazarin, conformable to the last; that two more
+councillors should be added to the four sent to guard the rivers and to
+arm the common people; and that the troops of the Duc d'Orleans should
+oppose the march of Mazarin.
+
+On the 24th the deputies who had been to Poitiers to remonstrate with the
+King against the return of the Cardinal, made their report in Parliament,
+to the effect that his Majesty, after having consulted with the Queen and
+her Council, returned for answer, that without doubt, when the Parliament
+issued their late decrees, they did not know that Cardinal Mazarin had
+made no levy of soldiers but by his Majesty's express orders; that it was
+he who commanded him to enter France with his troops, and that therefore
+the King did not resent what the company had done; but that, on the other
+hand, he did not doubt that when they had heard the circumstances he had
+just mentioned, and knew, moreover, that Cardinal Mazarin only desired an
+opportunity to justify himself, they would not fail to give all his
+subjects an exemplary proof of the obedience they owed to him.  The
+Parliament was highly provoked, and next day resolved to admit no more
+dukes, peers, nor marshals of France till the Cardinal had left the
+kingdom.
+
+Mazarin, arriving at Court again, persuaded the King to go to Saumur,
+though others advised him to march to Guienne against the Prince de
+Conde, with whom the Duc d'Orleans was now resolved to join forces.  The
+King went from Saumur to Tours, where the Archbishop of Rouen carried
+complaints to the King, in the name of the bishops there, against the
+decrees of Parliament relating to the Cardinal.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans complained in Parliament against the inconsistency of
+their proceedings, and said the King had sent him carte blanche in order
+to oblige him to consent to the restoration of the Cardinal, but that
+nothing would ever cause him to do it, nor to act apart from the
+Parliament.  Yet their unaccountable proceedings perplexed him beyond
+expression, so that he commanded, or rather permitted, M. de Beaufort to
+put his troops in action.  And because I told him that, considering the
+declarations he had so often repeated against Mazarin, I thought his
+conduct in setting his troops in motion against him did not add so much
+to the measure of the disgust he had already given to the Court that he
+need to apprehend much from it, he gave me for answer these memorable
+words which I have reflected upon a thousand times: "If you," said he,
+"had been born a Son of France, an Infante of Spain, a King of Hungary,
+or a Prince of Pales, you would not talk as you do.  You must know that,
+with us Princes, words go for nothing, but that we never forget actions.
+By to-morrow noon the Queen would not remember my declarations against
+the Cardinal if I would admit him tomorrow morning; but if my troops were
+to fire a musket she would not forgive me though we were to live two
+thousand years hence."
+
+In February, 1652, I was made a cardinal, and was to receive the hat, as
+all French cardinals do, from the King.  My enemies, who thought to ruin
+my credit with the Duc d'Orleans, gave out that I had been obliged to the
+Court for my dignity, attacked me in form as a secret favourer of
+Mazarin, and, while their emissaries gained over such of the dregs of the
+people as they could corrupt by money, they were supported by all the
+intrigues of the Cabinet.  But the Duke, who knew better, only laughed at
+them; so that they confirmed me in his good opinion, instead of
+supplanting me, because in cases of slander every reflection that does
+not hurt the person attacked does him service.  I said to the Duke that I
+wondered he was not wearied out with the silly stories that were told him
+every day against me, since they all harped upon one string; but he said,
+"Do you take no account of the pleasure one takes every morning in
+hearing how wicked men are under the cloak of religious zeal, and every
+night how silly they are under the mask of politicians?"
+
+The servants of the Prince de Conde gave out such stories against me
+among the populace as were likely to have done me much more mischief.
+They had a pack of brawling fellows in their pay who were more
+troublesome to me now than formerly, when they did not dare to appear
+before the numerous retinue of gentlemen and liverymen that accompanied
+me, for as I had not yet had the hat, I was obliged, wherever I went, to
+go incognito, according to the rules of the ceremonial.  Those fellows
+said that I had betrayed the Duc d'Orleans, and that they would be the
+death of me.  I told the Duke, who was afraid they would murder me, that
+he should soon see how little those hired mobs ought to be regarded.  He
+offered me his guards, but though Marechal d'Estampes fell on his knees
+in my way to stop me, I went down-stairs with only two persons in
+company, and made directly towards the ruffians, demanding who was their
+leader.  Upon which a beggarly fellow, with an old yellow feather in his
+hat, answered me, insolently, "I am."  Then I called out to the guards at
+the gate, saying, "Let me have this rascal hanged up at these grates."
+Thereupon he made me a very low bow, and said that he did not mean to
+affront me; that he only came with his comrades to tell me of the report
+that I designed to carry the Duc d'Orleans to Court, and reconcile him
+with Mazarin; that they did not believe it; that they were at my service,
+and ready to venture their lives for me, provided I would but promise
+them to be always an honest Frondeur.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans took such delight in conversing with me that, on De
+Goulas, one of his secretaries, telling him that all the foreign officers
+took mighty umbrage at it, he pulled him up very sharply, and said, "Go
+to the devil, you and your foreign officers.  If they were as good
+Frondeurs as Cardinal de Retz, they would be at their posts, and not
+tippling in the taverns of Paris."  There was such a strong faction in
+the city of Orleans for the Court that his presence there was very
+necessary; but as it was much more so at Paris, the Duke was prevailed
+upon by his Duchess to let her go thither.  M. Patru was pleased to say
+that as the gates of Jericho fell at the sound of trumpets, those of
+Orleans would open at the sound of fiddles, of which M. de Rohan was a
+very great admirer.  But, in fact, though the King was just at hand with
+the troops, and though M. Mold, Keeper of the Seals, was at the gate
+demanding entrance for the King, the Duchess crossed the river in a
+barge, made the watermen break down a little postern, which had been
+walled up for a long time, and marched, with the acclamations of
+multitudes of the people, directly to the Hotel de Ville, where the
+magistrates were assembled to consider if they should admit the Keeper of
+the Seals.  By this means she turned the scale, and MM. de Beaufort and
+de Nemours joined her.
+
+The Prince de Conde arriving at Paris from Guienne on the 11th of April,
+the magistrates had a meeting in the Hotel de Ville, in which they
+resolved that the Governor should wait on his Royal Highness, and tell
+him that the company thought it contrary to order to receive him into the
+city before he had cleared himself from the King's declaration, which had
+been verified in Parliament against him.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans, who was overjoyed at this speech, said that the Prince
+had only come to discourse with him about private affairs, and that he
+would stay but twenty-four hours at Paris.  M. de Chavigni informed the
+Duke that the Prince was able to stand his ground as long as he pleased,
+without being obliged to anybody; and he gathered together a mob of
+scoundrels upon the Pont-Neuf, whose fingers itched to be plundering the
+house of M. du Plessis Guenegaut, and by whom the Duke was frightened to
+a great degree.
+
+The reflections I had leisure to make upon my new dignity obliged me to
+take great care of my hat, whose dazzling flame of colour turns the heads
+of many that are honoured with it.  The most palpable of those delusions
+is the claiming precedence of Princes of the blood, who may become our
+masters the next moment, and who at the same time are generally the
+masters of all our kindred.  I have a veneration for the cardinals of my
+family, who made me suck in humility after their example with my mother's
+milk, and I found a very happy opportunity to practise it on the very day
+that I received the news of my promotion.  Chateaubriant said to me,
+before a vast number of people at my levee, "Now we will pay our respects
+no more to the best of them," which he said because, though I was upon
+ill terms with the Prince de Conde, and though I always went well
+attended, I yet saluted him wherever I met him with all the respect due
+to him on the score of so many titles.  I said to him:
+
+"Pray pardon me, monsieur; we shall pay our respects to the great men
+with greater complaisance than ever.  God forbid that the red hat should
+turn my head to that degree as to make me dispute precedence with the
+Princes of the blood.  It is honour enough for a gentleman to walk side
+by side with them."  This expression, I verily believe, afterwards
+secured the rank of precedence to the hat in the kingdom of France, by
+the courtesy of the Prince de Conde, and his friendship for me.
+
+Mademoiselle de Chevreuse, the most fantastical lady upon earth,
+suspecting that I held a secret correspondence with the Queen, could not
+forbear murmuring and threatening what she would do.  She said I had
+declared to her a thousand times that I could not imagine how it was
+possible for anybody to be in love with that Swiss woman.  In short, she
+said this so often that the Queen had a notion from somebody or other
+that I had called her by that name.  She never forgave me for it, as you
+will perceive in the sequel.  You may easily conceive that this
+circumstance, which gave me no encouragement to hope for a very gracious
+reception at Court for the time to come, did not weaken those resolutions
+which I had already taken to retire from public business.  The place of
+my retreat was agreeable enough: the shadow of the towers of Notre-Dame
+was a refreshment to it; and, moreover, the Cardinal's hat sheltered it
+from bad weather.  I had fine ideas of the sweetness of such a
+retirement, and I would gladly have laid hold of it, but my stars would
+not have it so.  I return to my narrative.
+
+On the 12th of April the Duc d'Orleans took the Prince de Conde with him
+to the Parliament, assuring them that he had not, nor ever would have,
+any other intention than to serve his King and country; that he would
+always follow the sentiments of the Parliament; and that he was willing
+to lay down his arms as soon as the decrees against Cardinal Mazarin were
+put into execution.
+
+The President Bailleul said that the members always thought it an honour
+to see the Prince de Conde in his place, but that they could not
+dissemble their real concern to see his hands stained with the blood of
+the King's soldiers who were killed at Bleneau.  Upon this a storm arose
+from the benches, which fell with such fury upon the poor President that
+he had scarcely room to put in a word for himself, for fifty or sixty
+voices disowned him at one volley.
+
+On the 13th the Parliament agreed that the declaration made by the Duc
+d'Orleans and the Prince should be carried to the King; that the
+remonstrances they had sent to the King should likewise be sent to all
+the sovereign companies of Paris, and to all the Parliaments of the
+kingdom, to invite them also to send a deputation on their own behalf;
+and that a general assembly should be immediately held at the Hotel de
+Ville, to which the Duc d'Orleans and the Prince should be invited to
+make the same declarations as they made to the Parliament; and that, in
+the meantime, the King's declaration against Cardinal Mazarin, and all
+the decrees passed against him, should be put into execution.
+
+On the 13th of May a councillor of Parliament and captain of his ward,
+having brought his company to the Palace to act as ordinary guard, was
+abandoned by all the burghers that composed it, who said they were not
+created to guard Mazarins.
+
+The mob, who at the same time appeared ready enough to murder some of the
+magistrates in the streets, had nothing in their mouths but the names and
+services of the Princes, who next day disowned their humble servants in
+the assemblies of the several courts.  Though this conduct gave occasion
+to severe decrees, which the Parliament issued at every turn against the
+seditious, it did not hinder the same Parliament from believing that
+those who disowned the sedition were the authors of it, and consequently
+did not lessen the hatred which many private men conceived against them.
+Such were the various and complicated views every one had concerning the
+then position of affairs, that I wrapped myself up, as one may say, in my
+great dignities, to which I abandoned the hopes of my fortune; and I
+remember one day the President Bellievre telling me that I ought not to
+be so indolent.  I answered him: "We are in a great storm, where,
+methinks, we all row against the wind.  I have two good oars in my hand,
+one of which is the Cardinal's dignity, and the other the Archiepiscopal.
+I am not willing to break them; and all I have to do now is to support
+myself."
+
+At the same time I had other disquietings of a more private nature.
+Mademoiselle de Chevreuse fell in love with my rival, the Abbe Fouquet.
+Little De Roye, who was a very, pretty German lass at her house, informed
+me of it, and made me amends for the infidelity of the mistress, whose
+choice, to tell you the truth, did not mortify me much, because she had
+nothing but beauty, which cloys when it comes alone.  She cared for
+nobody besides him she loved; but as she was never long in love, so
+neither was it long that she was in good temper.  She used her cast-off
+lovers as she did her old clothes, which other women lay aside, but she
+burnt, so that her daughters had much ado to save a petticoat, head-
+dress, gloves, or Venice point.  And I verily believe that if she could
+have committed her lovers to the flames when she left them off, she would
+have done it with all her heart.  Madame her mother, who endeavoured to
+set her at variance with me when she was resolved to unite herself
+entirely with the Court, could not succeed, though she went so far that
+Madame de Guemenee caused a letter to be read to her in my handwriting,
+whereby I devoted myself body and soul to her, as witches give themselves
+to the devil.
+
+It was at that time that Madame de Chevreuse, seeing herself neglected at
+Paris, resolved to retire to Dampierre, where, depending upon what had
+been told her from Court, she hoped to be well received.  I gave vent to
+my passion, which, in truth, was not very great, to Mademoiselle de
+Chevreuse, and I took care to have both the mother and daughter
+accompanied out of Paris, quite to Dampierre, by all the nobility and
+gentlemen I had with me.
+
+I cannot finish this slight sketch of the condition I was in at Paris
+without acknowledging the debt I owe to the generosity of the Prince de
+Conde, who, finding that a person was come from the Prince de Conti, at
+Bordeaux, with a design to attack me, told him that he would have him
+hanged if he did not go back to his master in two hours' time.
+
+Marigny told me, almost at the same time, that, observing the Prince de
+Conde to be very intent upon reading a book, he took the liberty to tell
+him that it must needs be a very choice one, because he took such delight
+in it; and that the Prince answered him, "It is true I am very fond of
+it, for it shows me my faults, which nobody has the courage to tell me."
+This book was entitled "The Right and False Steps of the Prince de Conde
+and of the Cardinal de Retz."
+
+There were divers negotiations between the parties, during which Mazarin
+gave himself the pleasure of letting the public see MM. de Rohan, de
+Chavigni, and de Goulas conferring with him, before the King as well as
+in private, at that very instant when the Duc d'Orleans and the Prince de
+Conde said publicly, in the assembly of the Chambers, that it ought to be
+the preliminary of all treaties to have nothing to do with Mazarin.
+He acted a perfect comedy in their presence, pretending to be forcibly
+detained by the King, whom he begged with folded hands to let him return
+to Italy.
+
+On the 30th of April there was so great a murmuring in Parliament that
+the Duc d'Orleans said they should never see him there again until the
+Cardinal was gone.
+
+On the 6th of May the remonstrances of the Parliament and the Chamber of
+Accounts were carried to the King by a large deputation, as were, on the
+7th, those of the Court of Aids and the city.  The King's answer to both
+was that he would cause his troops to retire when those of the Princes
+were gone.
+
+On the 10th it was resolved that the King's Council should be sent to
+Saint Germain for a further answer touching the removal of Cardinal
+Mazarin from the Court and kingdom, and the armies from the neighbourhood
+of Paris.
+
+On the 14th there was a great uproar again in the Parliament, where there
+was a confused clamour for taking into consideration the best means for
+hindering the riots and disorders daily committed in the city and in the
+hall of the Palace; upon which the Duc d'Orleans, who was afraid that
+under this pretence the Mazarinists should make the House take some steps
+contrary to their interests, came to the Palace on a sudden, and proposed
+that they should grant him full power.
+
+The 29th being the day that the deputies of the Court of Inquiry desired
+the Parliament to consider the ways and means for raising the 150,000
+livres promised to him who should bring Cardinal Mazarin to justice, and
+the Archbishop's Grand Vicar coming up at that moment to the bar of the
+King's Council to confer about the descent of the shrine of Sainte
+Genevieve, a member said, very pleasantly, "We are this day engaged in
+devotion for a double festival: we are appointing processions, and
+contriving how to murder a Cardinal."
+
+On the 20th of June the King's answer to the Parliament's remonstrances
+was reported in substance as follows: That though his Majesty was
+sensible that the demand for the removal of Cardinal Mazarin was but a
+pretence, yet, he was willing to grant it after justice was done to the
+Cardinal's honour by such reparations as were due to his innocence,
+provided the Princes would give him good security for the performance of
+their proposals upon the removal of the said Cardinal.  That therefore
+his Majesty, desired to know: 1. Whether, in this case, they will
+renounce all leagues and associations with foreign princes?  2. Whether
+they will not form new pretensions?  3. Whether they will come to Court?
+4. Whether they will dismiss all the foreigners that are in the kingdom?
+5. Whether they will disband their forces?  6. Whether Bordeaux will
+return to its duty, as well as the Prince de Conti and Madame de
+Longueville?  7. Whether the places which the Prince de Conde has
+fortified shall be put into the condition they were in before the breach?
+
+The Duc d'Orleans, provoked at these propositions, said that a Son of
+France and a Prince of the blood were never known to have been treated
+like common criminals, and that the declaration which both had made was
+more than sufficient to satisfy the Court.
+
+On the 21st it was moved in Parliament that an inventory should be taken
+of what remained of Mazarin's furniture.  There having been in the
+morning a great commotion at the Palace, when the President and some
+others had run a risk of being killed by the mob, M. de Beaufort invited
+his friends to meet him in the afternoon in the Palais Royal, and having
+got together four or five thousand beggars, he harangued them as to the
+obedience which they owed to the Parliament.  But two or three days after
+this fine sermon of his, the sedition was more violent than ever.
+
+On the 25th the Princes declared in Parliament that, as soon as the
+Cardinal had departed the kingdom, they would faithfully execute all the
+articles contained in the King's answer, and immediately send deputies to
+complete the rest.
+
+On the 4th of July a mob assembled, who forced all that went by to put a
+handful of straw in their hats, upon which the Duc d'Orleans and the
+Prince de Conde went to the Hotel de Ville and convinced the assembly of
+the necessity they were under of defending themselves against Mazarin.
+Upon a trumpeter arriving from his Majesty with orders to adjourn the
+assembly for a week, the people were much incensed, and called out to the
+citizens to unite strictly with the Princes.  They fell upon the first
+thing they met in their way, threw stones into the windows of the Hotel
+de Ville, set fire to its gates, and, entering with drawn swords,
+murdered M. Le Gras, the Master of Requests, and the Master of Accounts,
+and twenty or thirty citizens perished in the tumult.  There was a
+general consternation all over the city; all the shops were shut in an
+instant, and in some parts they set up barricades to stop the rioters,
+who had almost overrun the whole town.  It was observed that the
+appearance of the Duchesse de Beaufort prevailed more with the mob in
+causing them to disperse than the exposing of the Host by the cure of St.
+John's.
+
+The late riot had such an effect on the Parliament that the President
+Mortier and many of the councillors kept away from the public assemblies
+for fear, notwithstanding they were enjoined, by a special decree, to
+come and take their places.  The magistrates, for the same reason, did
+not go to the Hotel de Ville.
+
+On the 18th the deputies of Parliament being ordered to follow the King
+to Pontoise, the House passed a decree for their immediate return to
+Parliament, and the Prince de Conde and the Duke de Beaufort brought them
+into town with twelve hundred horse.
+
+The Court in the meantime passed decrees of Council, annulling those of
+the Parliament and the transactions of the assembly at the Hotel de
+Ville.
+
+On the 20th the Parliament declared by a decree that, the King being
+prisoner to Cardinal Mazarin, the Duc d'Orleans should be desired to take
+upon him the office of Lieutenant-General of his Majesty, and the Prince
+to take upon him the command of the army as long as Mazarin should
+continue in the kingdom, and that a copy of the said decree should be
+sent to all the Parliaments of the kingdom, who should be desired to
+publish the like; but not one complied, except that of Bordeaux.
+Nor was the Duke better obeyed by the several governors of the provinces,
+for but one vouchsafed him an answer when he acquainted them with his new
+dignity, the Court having put them in mind of their duty by an order of
+Council, published to annul that of the Parliament for establishing the
+said lieutenancy; and in Paris itself the Duke's authority was despised,
+for two wretches having been condemned for setting fire to the Hotel de
+Ville, the citizens who were ordered to take charge of the execution
+refused to obey.
+
+On the 24th it was ordered that a general assembly should be held at the
+Hotel de Ville, to consider the ways and means to raise money for
+supporting the troops, and that the statues at Mazarin's palace should be
+sold to make up the sum set upon the Cardinal's head.
+
+On the 29th it was resolved in the Hotel de Ville to raise 800,000 livres
+for augmenting his Royal Highness's troops, and to exhort all the great
+towns of the kingdom to unite with the metropolis.
+
+On the 6th of August the King sent a declaration signifying the removal
+of the Parliament to Pontoise.  There was a great commotion in the House,
+who agreed not to register it till the Cardinal had left the kingdom.
+As for the Parliament of Pontoise, which consisted of but fourteen
+officers, with three Presidents at their head, who had a little before
+retired in disguise from Paris, they made remonstrances likewise to the
+King for removing Cardinal Mazarin.  The King granted what was desired of
+him, and that upon the solicitations of that honest, disinterested
+minister, who withdrew from Court to Bouillon.  This comedy, so unworthy
+the dignity of a king, was accompanied with circumstances that rendered
+it still more ridiculous:--The two Parliaments fulminated severe decrees
+against one another, and that of Paris made an order that whosoever sat
+in the assembly at Pontoise should be struck off the register.
+
+At the same time that of Pontoise registered the King's declaration,
+which contained an injunction to the Parliament of Paris, the Chamber of
+Accounts, and the Court of Aids, that, since Cardinal Mazarin was
+removed, they should now lay down their arms on condition that his
+Majesty would grant an amnesty, remove his troops from about Paris,
+withdraw those that were in Guienne, allow a free and safe passage to the
+Spanish troops, and give the Princes permission to send to his Majesty
+persons to confer with his ministers concerning what remained to be
+adjusted.  This same Parliament resolved to return their thanks to his
+Majesty for removing Cardinal Mazarin, and most humbly to entreat the
+King to return to his good city of Paris.
+
+On the 26th they also registered the King's amnesty, or royal pardon,
+granted to all that had taken up arms against him, but with such
+restrictions that very few could think themselves safe by it.
+
+The King acquainted the Duc d'Orleans that he wondered that, since
+Mazarin was removed, he should delay, according to his own declaration
+and promise, to lay down his arms, to renounce all associations and
+treaties, and to cause the foreign troops to withdraw; and that when this
+was done, those deputies that should come to his Majesty from him should
+be very welcome.
+
+On the 3d of September the Parliament resolved that their deputies should
+wait upon the King with their thanks for removing Cardinal Mazarin, and
+to beseech his Majesty to return to Paris; that the Duc d'Orleans and the
+Prince de Conde should be desired to write to the King and assure him
+they would lay down their arms as soon as his Majesty would be pleased to
+send the passports for the safe retreat of the foreigners, together with
+an amnesty in due form, registered in all the Parliaments of the kingdom;
+and that his Majesty should be petitioned to receive the deputies of the
+Princes.
+
+Pray indulge me with a short pause here to consider the scandalous arts
+which ministers palliate with the name and sacred word of a great King,
+and with which the most august Parliament of the kingdom--the Court of
+Peers--expose themselves to ridicule by such manifest inconsistencies as
+are more becoming the levity of a college than the majesty of a senate.
+In short, persons are not sensible of what they do in these State
+paroxysms, which savour somewhat of frenzy.  I knew in those days some
+very honest men, who were so fully satisfied of the justice of the cause
+of the Princes that, upon occasion, they would have laid down their lives
+for it; and I also knew some eminently virtuous and disinterested men who
+would as gladly have been martyrs for the Court.  The ambition of great
+men manages such dispositions just as it suits their own interests; they
+help to blind the rest of mankind, and they even become blinder
+themselves than other people.
+
+Honest M. de Fontenay, who had been twice ambassador at Rome, a man of
+great experience and good sense and a hearty well-wisher to his country,
+daily condoled with me on the lethargy into which the intestine divisions
+had lulled the best citizens and patriots.  We saw the Spanish colours
+and standards displayed upon the Pont-Neuf; the yellow sashes of Lorraine
+appeared at Paris with the same liberty as the Isabelles and blue ones.
+People were so accustomed to these spectacles and to the news of
+provinces, towns, and battles lost, that they were become insolent and
+stupid.  Several of my friends blamed my inactivity, and desired me to
+bestir myself.  They bid me save the kingdom, save the city, or else I
+should fall from the greatest love to the greatest hatred of the people.
+The Frondeurs suspected me of favouring Mazarin's party, and the Mazarins
+thought I was too partial to the Frondeurs.
+
+I was touched to the quick with a pathetic speech made to me by M. de
+Fontenay.  "You see," said he, "that Mazarin, like a Jack-in-the-bog,
+plays at Bo-peep; but you see that, whether he appears or disappears,
+the wire by which the puppet is drawn on or off the stage is the royal
+authority, which is not likely to be broken by the measures now on foot.
+Abundance of those that appear to be his greatest opponents would be very
+sorry to see him crushed; many others would be very glad to see him get
+off; not one endeavours to ruin him entirely.  You may get clear of the
+difficulty that embarrasses you by a door which opens into a field of
+honour and liberty.  Paris, whose archbishop you are, groans under a
+heavy load.  The Parliament there is but a mere phantom, and the Hotel de
+Ville a desert.  The Duc d'Orleans and the Prince have no more authority
+than what the rascally mob is pleased to allow them.  The Spaniards,
+Germans, and Lorrainers are in the suburbs laying waste the very gardens.
+You that have rescued them more than once, and are their pastor, have
+been forced to keep guards in your own house for three weeks.  And you
+know that at this day your friends are under great apprehension if they
+see you in the streets without arms.  Do you count it a slight thing to
+put an end to all these miseries?  And will you neglect the only
+opportunity Providence puts a into your hands to obtain the honour of it?
+Take your clergy with you to Compiegne, thank the King for removing
+Mazarin, and beg his Majesty to return to Paris.  Keep up a good
+correspondence with those bodies who have no other design but the common
+good, who are already almost all your particular friends, and who look
+upon you as their head by reason of your dignity.  And if the King
+actually returns to the city, the people of Paris will be obliged to you
+for it; if you meet with a refusal, you will have still their
+acknowledgments for your good intention.  If you can get the Duc
+d'Orleans to join with you, you will save the realm; for I am persuaded
+that if he knew how to act his part in this juncture it would be in his
+power to bring the King back to Paris and to prevent Mazarin ever
+returning again.  You are a cardinal; you are Archbishop of Paris; you
+have the good-will of the public, and are but thirty-seven years old:
+Save the city, save the kingdom."
+
+In short, the Duc d'Orleans approved of my scheme, and ordered me to
+convene a general assembly of the ecclesiastical communities, and to get
+deputies chosen out of them all, and go with them to Court, there to
+present the deputation, which should request the King to give peace to
+his people and return to his good city of Paris.  I was also to endeavour
+by the aid of my friends to induce the other corporate bodies of the city
+to do likewise.  I was to tell the Queen that she could not but be
+sensible that the Duke was in good earnest for peace, which the public
+engagements he was under to oppose Mazarin had not suffered him to
+conclude, or even to propose, while the Cardinal continued at Court; that
+he renounced all private views and interests with relation to himself or
+friends; that he desired nothing but the security of the public; and that
+after he had the satisfaction of seeing the King at the Louvre he would
+then with joy retire to Blois, fully resolved to live in peace and
+prepare for eternity.
+
+I set out immediately with the deputies of all the ecclesiastical bodies
+of Paris, nearly two hundred gentlemen, accompanied by fifty men of the
+Duke's Guards.  The number of my attendants gave such umbrage at Court,
+where it was ridiculously exaggerated, that the Queen sent me word I
+should only have accommodation for eighty horses, whereas I had no less
+than one hundred and twelve for the coaches alone.  If I had known as
+much when I went as I heard after I returned, I should have hesitated
+about going, for I was told that some moved for arresting me, and others
+for killing me.  However, the Queen received me very well; the King gave
+me the cardinal's hat and a public audience.
+
+I told the Queen, in a private audience, that I was not come only as a
+deputy from the Church of Paris, but that I had another commission which
+I valued much more, because I took it to be more for her service than the
+other,--that of an envoy from the Duc d'Orleans, who had charged me to
+assure her Majesty that he was resolved to serve her effectually and
+without delay, as he had promised by a note under his own hand, which I
+then pulled out of my pocket.  The Queen expressed a great deal of joy,
+and said, "I knew very well, M. le Cardinal, that you would at last give
+some particular marks of your affection for me."
+
+The Queen told me that she thanked the Duke, and was very much obliged to
+him; that she hoped and desired he would contribute towards making the
+necessary dispositions for the King's return to Paris, and that she would
+not take one step but in concert with him.  At the same time I heard that
+the Queen spoke disdainfully of me, whom she dreaded, to my enemies at
+Court; pretended that I had owned Mazarin was an honest man, and
+ridiculed me for the expense I had put myself to on the journey, which,
+indeed, was immense for so short a time, because I kept seven open
+tables, and spent 800 crowns a day.
+
+When I returned to Paris I was received with incredible applause.  The
+King also came thither on the 21st of October, and was welcomed by the
+acclamations of the people.  The Queen received me with wonderful
+respect, and bade the King embrace me, as one to whom he chiefly owed his
+return to Paris; but orders were sent to the Duc d'Orleans to retire next
+morning to Limours.
+
+When I went to see him, he was panic-struck, and imagined it was only a
+feint to try his temper.  He was in an inconceivable agony, and fancied
+that every musket which was let off by way of rejoicing for his Majesty's
+return was fired by the soldiers coming to invest his palace.  Every
+messenger that he sent out brought him word that all was quiet, but he
+would believe nobody, and looked continually out of the window to hear if
+the drums were beating the march.  At last he took courage to ask me if I
+was firm to him, and after I had assured him of my fidelity he desired
+that, as a proof of my attachment and affection for him, I would be
+reconciled to M. de Beaufort.  "With all my heart," said I.  Whereupon he
+embraced me, then opened the gallery door by his bedchamber, and out came
+M. de Beaufort, who threw himself about my neck, and said, "Pray ask his
+Royal Highness what I have been saying to him concerning you.  I know who
+are honest men.  Come on, monsieur, let us drive all the Mazarins away
+for good and all."  He endeavoured to show both the necessity and the
+possibility of it, and advised the raising of barricades next morning, by
+break of day, in the market-places.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans turned to me and said, as they do in Parliament, "Your
+opinion, M. Dean."  I replied: "If I must give it as Dean, there never
+was more occasion for the forty hours' prayers than now.  I myself stand
+in need of them more than anybody, because I can give no advice but what
+must appear very cruel and be attended with horrid inconveniences.  If I
+should advise you to put up with the injurious treatment you undergo,
+will not the public, who always make the worst of everything, have a
+handle to say I betray your interest, and that my advice was but a
+necessary consequence of all those obstacles I threw in the Princes' way?
+And if I give it as my opinion that your Royal Highness should follow the
+measures which M. de Beaufort proposes, shall I not be accounted one who
+blows hot and cold in a breath?--who is for peace when he thinks to gain
+his advantages by the treaty, but for war when he is not permitted to
+negotiate?--one who is for destroying Paris with fire and sword, and for
+carrying the flames to the gates of the Louvre by attacking the very
+person of the King?  If you obey, you will be responsible to the public
+for all it may suffer afterwards.  I am no competent judge of what it may
+suffer in particular; for who can foresee events depending on the
+caprices of a cardinal, on the stormings of Ondedei, the impertinence of
+the Abbe Fouquet, and the violence of Servien?  But you will have to
+answer for all, because the public will be persuaded that you might have
+prevented it.  If you do not obey, you may go near to overturn the
+realm."
+
+Here the Duke interrupted me eagerly, and said, "This is not to the
+purpose; the question is whether I am in a condition, that is, if it is
+in my power, to disobey."
+
+"I believe so," I said; "for I do not see how the Court can oblige you to
+obey, unless the King himself should march to Luxembourg, which would be
+a matter of great importance."
+
+"Nay," said M. de Beaufort, "it would be impossible."
+
+I then perceived that the Duke began to think so too, for it fitted his
+humour, as he could not endure taking any pains, and, upon this
+supposition, resolved to stay at home with his arms folded.  I said:
+
+"You are able to do anything to-night and tomorrow morning, but I cannot
+answer how it may be in the evening."
+
+M. de Beaufort, who thought that I was going to argue for the offensive,
+fell in roundly with me to second me; but I stopped him short by telling
+him he mistook my meaning.
+
+"I shall never presume," said I, "to give advice in the condition things
+are now in.  The Duke himself must decide, and even propose, too, and it
+is our business to perform his commands."
+
+Then he said, "If I should resolve to brave it out, will you declare for
+me?"
+
+"Yes," I said, "it is what I ought in duty to do.  I am attached to your
+service, in which I shall certainly not be wanting, and you need only to
+command me.  But I am very much grieved that, considering the present
+state of affairs, an honest man cannot act the honest part, do what he
+may."
+
+The Duke, who was by nature good, but not very tender, could not help
+being moved at what I said; the tears came into his eyes, he embraced me,
+and asked me if I thought he could secure the King's person.  I told him
+that nothing was more impossible.  I found at length that he was inclined
+to obey, but he bade us keep our friends together in readiness, and to be
+with him at break of day.  However, he set out for Limours an hour sooner
+than he had told us, and left word that he had his reasons for so doing,
+which we should know another day, advising us, if possible, to make our
+peace with the Court.
+
+On the 22d the King held his Bed of Justice, at the Louvre, where he
+published the amnesty, as also an order for reestablishing the Parliament
+at Paris, in which there was a clause forbidding them to meddle with
+State affairs.  At the same time he caused a declaration to be published
+ordering MM. de Beaufort, Rohan, Viole, de Thou, Broussel, Portail,
+Bitaud, Croissi, Machaut, Fleury, Martineau, and Perraut to depart the
+city.
+
+The Court now began to offer me terms of reconciliation.  I was desirous
+that as many of my friends as possible should be included; but Caumartin,
+who was in the secret of affairs, told me there were no hopes of
+procuring any advantages for particular persons; that all that could be
+done was to save the ship for another voyage, and that this ship, which
+was myself, could be saved in no other way, in the condition into which
+our affairs were fallen by the Duc d'Orleans's want of resolution, but by
+launching out into the main, and steering towards Rome.  "You stand,"
+said he, "as it were, on the point of a needle, and if the Court knew
+their strength they would rout you as they do the rest; your courage
+gives you an air that both deceives and disquiets them.  Make use of the
+present opportunity for obtaining what may be serviceable to you in your
+employ at Rome, for the Court will deny you nothing."
+
+Montresor, hearing of it, said to me afterwards, with an oath, "He is a
+villain who says your Eminence can make your peace honourably without
+making terms for your friends; he who affirms the contrary does it for
+his own private ends."  Therefore I refused the offers made me by
+Servien, which were that the King would resign his affairs in Italy to my
+care, and allow me a pension of 50,000 crowns; that I should have 100,000
+crowns towards paying off my debts, and 50,000 in hand towards furniture;
+that I should continue three years at Rome, and then return to resume my
+functions at Paris.
+
+The Princess Palatine told me I ought either to accept or else treat with
+the Cardinal, since all the subalterns were against me.  Madame de
+Lesdiguieres advised me to preserve my equanimity and keep within doors,
+adding that the Cardinal, who was impatient to return to Paris, but durst
+not as long as I stayed, would make me a bridge of gold to go out and
+agree to whatever I demanded.  Accordingly, I sent my proposals to the
+Cardinal, who was then lurking in Turenne's army upon the frontiers, and
+desired such and such posts for my friends.  Meantime Servien and the
+Abbe Fouquet endeavoured to exasperate the Queen by telling her that I
+was continually caballing with the annuitants and officers of the
+militia; and because I refused to go to Parliament, in obedience to the
+King's orders, when he held his Court of Justice there to register the
+declaration of high treason against the Prince de Conde, the Queen was
+made to believe that I was intriguing for the Prince, and therefore
+resolved to ruin me, cost what it would.  One officer posted men in a
+house near Madame de Pommereux's, to attack me; another was employed to
+get intelligence at what time of night I was in the habit of visiting
+her; a third had an order, signed by the King, to attack me in the street
+and bring me off dead or alive.  An unknown person advised me not to go
+that day to Rambouillet; but I went with two hundred gentlemen, and found
+a great many officers of the Guards, who, whatever were their orders,
+were in no condition to attack me, and received me with reverence; but I
+blamed myself for it afterwards, because it only tended to incense the
+Court the more against me.
+
+Upon All Saints' Day I preached at Saint Germain, which is the King's
+parish, where their Majesties did me the honour to be present, for which
+I went next day to return them thanks; but finding that the cautions sent
+me from all quarters multiplied very fast, I did not go to the Louvre
+till the 19th of December, when I was arrested in the Queen's antechamber
+by the captain of the Guards then in waiting, who carried me into an
+apartment where the officers of the kitchen brought me dinner, of which I
+ate heartily, to the mortification of the base courtiers, though I did
+not take it kindly to see my pockets turned inside out as if I had been a
+cutpurse.  This ceremony, which is not common, was performed by the
+captain; but he found nothing except a letter from the King of England,
+desiring me to try if the Court of Rome would assist him with money.
+When this letter came to be talked of, it was maliciously reported that
+it came from the Protector.  I was carried in one of the King's coaches,
+under guard, to Vincennes.  As we passed we found at several of the gates
+a battalion of Swiss with their pikes presented towards the city, where
+everybody was quiet, though their sorrow and consternation were visible
+enough.  I was afterwards informed, however, that all the butchers in the
+veal market were going to take up arms, and that they might have made
+barricades there with all the ease in the world, only they were
+restrained for fear that I should have paid for their tumult with the
+loss of my life; so that the women remained in tears, and the men stood
+stock-still in a fright.  I was confined at Vincennes for a fortnight
+together, in a room as big as a church, without any firing.  My guards
+pilfered my, linen, apparel, shoes, etc., so that sometimes I was forced
+to lie in bed for a week or ten days together for want of clothes to
+dress myself.  I could not but think that such treatment had been ordered
+by the higher powers on purpose to break my heart; but I resolved not to
+die that way, and though my guard said all he could to vex me, I affected
+to take no notice.
+
+The influence of the clergy of Paris obliged the Court to explain itself
+concerning the causes of my imprisonment, by the mouth of the Chancellor,
+who, in the presence of the King and Queen, acquainted them that his
+Majesty had caused me to be arrested for my own good, and to prevent me
+from putting something that I designed into execution.  The chapter of
+Notre-Dame had an anthem sung every day for my deliverance.  The Sorbonne
+and many of the a religious orders distinguished themselves by declaring
+for me.  This general stir obliged the Court to treat me somewhat better
+than at first.  They let me have a limited number of books, but no ink
+and paper, and they allowed me a 'valet de chambre' and a physician.
+
+During my confinement at Vincennes, which lasted fifteen months, I
+studied both day and night, especially the Latin tongue, on which I
+perceive one cannot bestow too much pains, since it takes in all other
+studies.  I dived into the Greek also, and read again the ninth decade of
+Livy, which I had formerly delighted in, and found as pleasant as ever.
+I composed, in imitation of Boetius, a treatise, which I entitled
+"Consolation de la Theologie," in which I proved that every prisoner
+ought to endeavour to be 'vinctus in Christo' (in the bonds of Christ),
+mentioned by Saint Paul.  I also compiled "Partus Vincennarum," which was
+a collection of the Acts of the Church of Milan for the use of the Church
+of Paris.
+
+My guard omitted nothing he could invent to make my life uneasy and
+disturb my studies.  One day he came and told me that he had received
+orders from the King to give me an airing on the top of the donjon; and
+when he perceived that I took a pleasure in walking there, he informed
+me, with joy in his looks, that he had orders to the contrary.  I told
+him that they were come in good time, for the air, which was too sharp
+there, had made my head ache.  Afterwards he offered to take me down into
+the tennis-court to see my guards at play.  I desired him to excuse me,
+because I thought the air would be too piercing for me; but he made me
+go, telling me that the King, who took more care of my health than I
+fancied, had ordered that he should give me some exercise.  Soon after he
+desired me to excuse him for not bringing me down again, "for reasons,"
+said he, "which I must not tell."  The truth was, I was so much above
+these chicaneries that I despised them; but I must own that I used to
+think within myself that, in the main, to be a prisoner of State was of
+all others the most afflicting.  All the relaxation I had from my studies
+was to divert myself with some rabbits on the top of the donjon, and some
+pigeons in the turrets, for which I was indebted to the continual
+solicitations of the Church of Paris.  I had not been a prisoner above
+nine days when one of my guards, while his comrade who watched me was
+asleep, came and slipped a note into my hand from Madame de Pommereux, in
+which were only these words: "Let me have your answer; you may safely
+trust the bearer."  The bearer gave me a pencil and a piece of paper, on
+which I wrote that I had received her letter.
+
+Notwithstanding that three sergeants and twenty-four Life-guards relieved
+one another every day, our correspondence was not interrupted.  Madame de
+Pommereux, M. de Caumartin, and M. de Raqueville wrote me letters twice a
+week constantly about the means to effect my escape, which I attempted
+twice, but in vain.
+
+The Abbe Charier, who set out for Rome the day after I was arrested,
+found Pope Innocent incensed to the highest degree, and ready to throw
+his thunder upon the heads of the authors of it.  He spoke of it to the
+French Ambassador with great resentment, and sent the Archbishop of
+Avignon, with the title of Nuncio Extraordinary, on purpose to solicit my
+release.  The King was in a fury, and forebade the Nuncio to pass Lyons.
+The Pope told the Abbe Charier that he was afraid to expose his and the
+Church's authority to the fury of a madman, and said, "Give me but an
+army, and I will furnish you with a legate."  It was a difficult matter
+indeed to get him that army, but not impossible, if those that should
+have stood my friends had not left me in the lurch.
+
+In the meantime Noirmoutier and Bussi Lamet wrote a letter to Mazarin,
+declaring they could not help proceeding to extremities if I were
+detained any longer in prison.  The Prince de Conde declared he would do
+anything, without exception, which my friends desired, for my liberty,
+and offered to march all the Spanish forces to their assistance; but the
+misfortune was that there was nobody to form the proper schemes; and
+Noirmoutier, who was the most enterprising man of them all, was hindered
+from action by Madame de Chevreuse and De Laigues, who, the Cardinal
+said, would be accountable for the actions of their friends, and that if
+they fired one pistol-shot they must expect what would follow.  Therefore
+Noirmoutier was glad to elude all the propositions of the Prince de
+Conde, and to be content with only writing and speaking in my favour, and
+firing the cannon at the drinking of my health.
+
+M. de Pradello, who commanded the French and Swiss Guards in the castle,
+came one day to tell me of the happy return of Cardinal Mazarin to Paris,
+and of his magnificent reception at the Hotel de Ville; and he informed
+me that the Cardinal had sent him to assure me of his most humble
+services, and to beg of me to be persuaded that he would forget nothing
+that might be for my service.  I made as if I did not heed the
+compliment, and was for talking of something else; but as he pressed me
+for a direct answer, I told him that I should have been ready at the
+first word to show him my acknowledgments were I not persuaded that the
+duty of a prisoner to the King did not permit him to explain himself in
+anything relating to his release, till his Majesty had been graciously
+pleased to grant it him.  He understood my meaning, and endeavoured to
+persuade me to return a more civil answer to the Cardinal, which I
+declined to do.
+
+The Cardinal was so pestered with complaints from Rome, and so disturbed
+with the discontent which prevailed in Poitou and Paris, on account of my
+imprisonment, that he sent me an offer of my liberty and great
+advantages, on condition that I would resign the coadjutorship of Paris.
+
+The solicitations of the chapter of Notre-Dame prevailed on the Court to
+consent that one of their body might be always with me, who, though he
+came gladly for my sake, fell into a deep melancholy.  He could not,
+however, be prevailed upon to go out; and being soon after seized with a
+fever, he cut his own throat.  My uncle dying soon after, possession was
+taken of the archbishopric in my name by my proxy, and Tellier, who was
+sent to Notre-Dame Church to oppose it on the part of the King, was
+mortified with the thunder of my bulls from Rome.  The people were
+surprised to see all the formalities observed to a nicety, at a juncture
+when they thought there was no possibility of observing one.  The cures
+waxed warmer than ever, and my friends fanned the flame.  The Nuncio,
+thinking himself slighted by the Court, spoke in dignified terms, and
+threatened his censures.  A little book was published, showing the
+necessity of shutting up the churches, which aroused the Cardinal's
+apprehensions, and his apprehensions naturally led him into negotiation.
+He amused me with hundreds of fine prospects of church livings,
+governments, etc., and of being restored to the good graces of the King
+and to the strictest friendship with his Prime Minister.
+
+I had more liberty than before.  They always carried me up to the top of
+the donjon whenever it was fair overhead; but my friends, who did not
+doubt that all the Court wanted was to get some expression from me of my
+inclination to resign, in order to discredit me with the public, charged
+me to guard warily my words, which advice I followed; so that when a
+captain of the Guards came from the King to discourse with me upon this
+head, who, by Mazarin's direction, talked to me more like a captain of
+the Janissaries than like an officer of the most Christian King, I
+desired leave to give him my answer in writing, expressing my contempt
+for all threats and promises, and an inviolable resolution not to give up
+the archbishopric of Paris.
+
+Next day President Bellievre came to me on the part of the King, with an
+offer of seven abbeys, provided I would quit my archbishopric; but he
+opened his mind to me with entire freedom, and said he could not but
+think what a fool the Sicilian was to send him on such an errand.  "Most
+of your friends," said Bellievre, "think that you need only to stand out
+resolutely, and that the Court will be glad to set you at liberty and
+send you to Rome; but it is a horrid mistake, for the Court will be
+satisfied with nothing but your resignation.  When I say the Court, I
+mean Mazarin; for the Queen will not bear the thought of giving you your
+liberty.  The chief thing that determines Mazarin to think of your
+liberty is his fear of the Nuncio, the chapter, the cures, and the
+people.  But I dare affirm that the Nuncio will threaten mightily, but do
+nothing; the chapter may perhaps make remonstrances, but to no purpose;
+the cures will preach, and that is all; the people will clamour, but take
+up no arms.  The consequence will be your removal to Brest or Havre-de-
+Grace, and leaving you in the hands of your enemies, who will use you as
+they please.  I know that Mazarin is not bloodthirsty, but I tremble to
+think of what Noailles has told you, that they are resolved to make haste
+and take such methods as other States have furnished examples of.  You
+may, perhaps, infer from my remarks that I would have you resign.  By no
+means.  I have come to tell you that if you resign you will do a
+dishonourable thing, and that it behooves you on this occasion to answer
+the great expectation the world is now in on your account, even to the
+hazarding of your life, and of your liberty, which I am persuaded you
+value more than life itself.  Now is the time for you to put forward more
+than ever those maxims for which we have so much combated you: 'I dread
+no poison nor sword!  Nothing can hurt me but what is within me!  It
+matters not where one dies!'  Thus you ought to answer those who speak to
+you about your resignation."
+
+I was carried from Vincennes, under guard, to Nantes, where I had
+numerous visits and diversions, and was entertained with a comedy almost
+every night, and the company of the ladies, particularly the charming
+Mademoiselle de La Vergne, who in good truth did not approve of me,
+either because she had no inclination for me, or else because her friends
+had set her against me by telling her of my inconstancy and different
+amours.  I endured her cruelty with my natural indifference, and the full
+liberty Marechal de La Meilleraye allowed me with the city ladies gave me
+abundance of comfort; nevertheless I was kept under a very strict guard.
+As I had stipulated with Mazarin that I should have my liberty on
+condition that I would resign my archbishopric at Vincennes, which I knew
+would not be valid, I was surprised to hear that the Pope refused to
+ratify it; because, though it would not have made my resignation a jot
+more binding, yet it would have procured my liberty.  I proposed
+expedients to the Holy See by which the Court might do it with honour,
+but the Pope was inflexible.  He thought it would damage his reputation
+to consent to a violence so injurious to the whole Church, and said to my
+friends, who begged his consent with tears in their eyes, that he could
+never consent to a resignation extorted from a prisoner by force.
+
+After several consultations with my friends how to make my escape, I
+effected it on August the 8th, at five o'clock in the evening.  I let
+myself down to the bottom of the bastion, which was forty feet high, with
+a rope, while my valet de chambre treated the guards with as much liquor
+as they could drink.  Their attention, was, moreover, taken up with
+looking at a Jacobin friar who happened to be drowned as he was bathing.
+A sentinel, seeing me, was taking up his musket to fire, but dropped it
+upon my threatening to have him hanged; and he said, upon examination,
+that he believed Marechal de La Meilleraye was in concert with me.  Two
+pages who were washing themselves, saw me also, and called out, but were
+not heard.  My four gentlemen waited for me at the bottom of the ravelin,
+on pretence of watering their horses, so that I was on horseback before
+the least notice was taken; and, having forty fresh horses planted on the
+road, I might have reached Paris very soon if my horse had not fallen and
+caused me to break my shoulder bone, the pain of which was so extreme
+that I nearly fainted several times.  Not being able to continue my
+journey, I was lodged, with only one of my gentlemen, in a great
+haystack, while MM. de Brissac and Joly went straight to Beaupreau, to
+assemble the nobility, there, in order to rescue me.  I lay hid there for
+over seven hours in inexpressible misery, for the pain from my injury
+threw me into a fever, during which my thirst was much augmented by the
+smell of the new hay; but, though we were by a riverside, we durst not
+venture out for water, because there was nobody to put the stack in order
+again, which would very probably have occasioned suspicion and a search
+in consequence.  We heard nothing but horsemen riding by, who, we were
+afterwards informed, were Marechal de La Meilleraye's scouts.  About two
+o'clock in the morning I was fetched out of the stack by a Parisian of
+quality sent by my friend De Brissac, and carried on a hand-barrow to a
+barn, where I was again buried alive, as it were, in hay for seven or
+eight hours, when M. de Brisac and his lady came, with fifteen or twenty
+horse, and carried me to Beaupreau.  From thence we proceeded, almost in
+eight of Nantes, to Machecoul, in the country of Retz, after having had
+an encounter with some of Marechal de La Meilleraye's guards, when we
+repulsed them to the very barrier.
+
+Marechal de La Meilleraye was so amazed at my escape that he threatened
+to destroy the whole country with fire and sword, for which reason I was
+an unwelcome guest to Madame de Retz and her father, who rallied me very
+uncharitably on my disobedience to the King.  We therefore thought fit to
+leave the country, and went aboard a ship for Belle Isle, whence, after a
+very short stay there, we escaped to San Sebastian.
+
+Upon my arrival there I sent a letter to the King of Spain requesting
+leave to pass through his dominions to Rome.  The messenger was received
+at Court with civilities beyond expression, and sent back next day with
+the present of a gold chain worth 800 crowns.  I had also one of the
+King's litters sent me, and an invitation to go to Madrid, but I desired
+to be excused; and though I also refused immense offers if I would but go
+to Flanders and treat with the Prince de Conde, etc., for the service of
+Spain, yet I had a velvet coffer sent me with 40,000 crowns in it, which
+I likewise thought fit to refuse.  As I had neither linen nor apparel,
+either for myself or servants, and as the 400 crowns which we got by the
+sale of pilchards on board the barque in which we came from Belle Isle
+were almost all spent, I borrowed 400 crowns of the Baron de Vateville,
+who commanded for the King of Spain in Guipuzcoa, and faithfully repaid
+him.
+
+From San Sebastian I travelled incognito to Tudela, where I was met by
+the King's mule drivers and waited on by the alcade, who left his wand at
+my chamber door and at his, entrance knelt and kissed the hem of my
+garment.  From thence I was conducted to Comes by fifty musketeers riding
+upon asses, who were sent me by the Governor of Navarre.  At Saragossa I
+was taken for the King of England, and a large number of ladies, in over
+two hundred carriages, came to pay me their respects.  Thence I proceeded
+to Vivaros, where I had rich presents from the Governor of Valencia.  And
+thence I sailed to Majorca, whose Governor met me with above one hundred
+coaches of the Spanish nobility, and carried me to mass at the Cathedral,
+where I saw thirty or forty ladies of quality of more than common charms;
+and, to speak the truth, the women there in general are of rare beauty,
+having a graceful tincture both of the lily and the rose, and wear a
+head-dress which is exceedingly pretty.  The Governor, after having
+treated me with a magnificent dinner under a tent of gold brocade near
+the seaside, carried me to a concert of music in a convent, where I found
+the nuns not inferior in beauty to the ladies of the town.  The Governor
+carried me to see his lady, who was as ugly as a witch, and was seated
+under a great canopy sparkling with precious stones, which gave a
+wonderful lustre to about sixty ladies with her, who were the handsomest
+in the whole town.  I was reconducted on board my galley with music and a
+discharge of the artillery, and sailed to Port Mahon, and thence through
+the Gulf of Lyons to the canal between Corsica and Sardinia, where our
+ship was very nearly cast away upon a sandbank; but with great difficulty
+we got her off and reached Porto Longone.  There we quitted the galley,
+and went by land to Piombino.
+
+
+
+
+BOOB V.
+
+I travelled from Piombino to Florence, where I had great honours and vast
+offers from the Grand Duke, though Mazarin had threatened him, in the
+King's name, with a rupture if he granted me passage through his
+dominions; but the Grand Duke sent to desire the Cardinal to let him know
+whether there was any possibility of refusing it without disobliging the
+Pope and the Sacred College.  As I was travelling through the Duke's
+country, my mules, being frightened by a clap of thunder, ran with my
+litter into a brook, where I narrowly escaped being drowned.
+
+As soon as I arrived at Rome the Pope sent me 4,000 crowns in gold.  I
+was immediately informed that a strong faction was formed there against
+me by the Court of France; that the Cardinal d'Est, representative of
+that nation, had terrible orders from the King; and that they were
+resolved to send me packing from Rome, cost what it would.  I had my old
+scruples upon me, and said I would die a thousand deaths rather than make
+resistance; but I thought it would be too disrespectful in a cardinal
+to come so near the Pope and to go away without kissing his feet, and I
+resolved to leave the rest to the providence of God.
+
+The Pope having ordered his guards to be ready, in case the French
+faction should offer to rise, the Cardinal d'Est was so good as to let me
+alone.  His Holiness gave me an audience of four hours, condescended to
+beg my forgiveness for not having acted with more vigour for my liberty;
+and said, with tears in his eyes: "God forgive those who delayed to give
+me timely notice of your imprisonment, and who made us believe that you
+had been guilty, of an attempt upon the King's person.  The Sacred
+College took fire at the news; but the French Ambassador being at
+liberty, to give out what he chose, because nobody, appeared here on your
+part to contradict him, Mazarin extinguished it, and half the Sacred
+College thought you were abandoned by the whole kingdom."  In short, the
+Pope was so well disposed to me that he thought of adopting me as his
+nephew, but he sickened soon after and died.
+
+The conclave chose Cardinal Chigi (who was called Alexander VIII.) for his
+successor, in whose election I had such a share that when it came to my
+turn, at the adoration of the cardinals, to kiss his feet, he embraced
+me, saying, "Signor Cardinal de Retz, 'ecce opus manuum tuarum'" ("Behold
+the work of your own hands").  I went home accompanied with one hundred
+and twenty coaches of gentlemen, who did not doubt that I should govern
+the Pontificate.
+
+My friends in France, who commonly judge of other nations by their own,
+imagined that a persecuted cardinal might, nay, ought to live like a
+private man even at Rome, and advised me not to spend much money, because
+my revenues in France were all seized, and said that such exemplary
+modesty would have an admirable effect upon the clergy of Paris.  But
+Cardinal Chigi talked after another manner: "When you are reestablished
+in your see you may live as you please, because you will be in a country
+where everybody will know what you are or are not able to do.  You are
+now at Rome, where your enemies say every day that you have lost your
+credit in France, and you are under a necessity to make it appear that
+what they say is false.  You are not a hermit, but a cardinal, and a
+cardinal, too, of the better rank.  At Rome there are many people who
+love to tread upon men when they are down.  Dear sir, take care you do
+not fall, and do but consider what a figure you will make in the streets
+with six vergers attending you; otherwise every pitiful citizen of Paris
+that meets you will be apt to jostle you, in order to make his court to
+the Cardinal d'Est.  You ought not to have come to Rome if you had not
+had resolution and the means to support your dignity.  I presume you do
+not make it a point of Christian humility to debase yourself.  And let me
+tell you that I, the poor Cardinal Chigi, who have but 5,000 crowns
+revenue, and am one of the poorest in the College, and though I am sure
+to meet nobody in the streets who will be wanting in the respect due to
+the purple, yet I cannot go to my functions without four coaches in
+livery to attend me."
+
+Therefore I hired a palace, kept a great table, and entertained fourscore
+persons in liveries.  The Cardinal d'Est, the very day after the creation
+of the new Pope, forbade all Frenchmen to give me the way in the streets,
+and charged the superiors of the French churches not to admit me.  M. de
+Lionne, who resided here as a sort of private secretary to Mazarin, was
+so nettled because the new Pope had granted me the pallium for my
+archbishopric that he told him the King would never own me, insinuated
+that there would be a schism among the clergy of France, and that the
+Pope must expect to be excluded from the congress for a general peace.
+This so frightened his Holiness that he made a million of mean excuses,
+and said, with tears in his eyes, that I had imposed upon him, and that
+he would take the first opportunity to do the King justice.  Upon this M.
+de Lionne sent word to the Cardinal that he hoped very shortly to
+acquaint him of my being prisoner in the Castle of Saint Angelo, and that
+the Cardinal would be no better off for his Majesty's amnesty, because
+the Pope said none but he could absolve or condemn cardinals.  Meantime
+all my domestics who were subjects of the King of France were ordered to
+quit my service, on pain of being treated as rebels and traitors.  I
+could have little hope of protection from the Pope, for he was become
+quite another man, never spoke one word of truth, and continually amused
+himself with mere trifles, insomuch that one day he proposed a reward for
+whoever found out a Latin word for "calash," and spent seven or eight
+days in examining whether "mosco" came from "muses," or "musts" from
+"mosco."  All his piety consisted in assuming a serious air at church,
+in which, nevertheless, there was a great mixture of pride, for he was
+vain to the last degree, and envious of everybody.  The work entitled
+"Sindicato di Alexandro VII." gives an account of his luxury and of
+several pasquinades against the said Pope, particularly that one day
+Marforio asking Pasquin what he had said to the cardinals upon his death-
+bed, Pasquin answered, "Maxima de aeipso, plurima de parentibus, parva de
+principibus, turpia de cardinalibus, pauca de Ecclesia, de Deo nihil."
+("He said fine things of himself, a great many things of his kindred,
+some things of princes, nothing good of the cardinals, but little of the
+Church, and nothing at all of God").  His Holiness, in a consistory, laid
+claim to the merit of the conversion of Christina, Queen of Sweden,
+though everybody knew to the contrary, and that she had abjured heresy a
+year and a half before she came to Rome.
+
+Having heard that Bussiere, who is Chamberlain to the Ambassadors at
+Rome, had declared I should not have a place in Saint Louis's church on
+the festival of that saint, I was not discouraged from going thither.  At
+my entrance he snatched the holy water stick from the cure just as he was
+going to sprinkle me; nevertheless, I took my place, and was resolved to
+keep up the status and dignity of a French cardinal.  This was my
+condition at Rome, where it was my fate to be a refugee, persecuted by my
+King and abused by the Pope.  All my revenues were seized, and the French
+bankers forbidden to serve me; nay, those who had an inclination to
+assist me were forced to promise they would not.  Two of the Abbe
+Fouquet's bastards were publicly maintained out of my revenues, and no
+means were left untried to hinder the farmers from relieving me, or my
+creditors from harassing me with vexatious and expensive lawsuits.
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+Help to blind the rest of mankind, and they even become blinder
+She had nothing but beauty, which cloys when it comes alone
+You must know that, with us Princes, words go for nothing
+
+
+
+
+End of this Project Gutenberg Etext of Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, v4
+by Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+
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