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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/38441-8.txt b/38441-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f0f8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/38441-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,609 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Species of Wood Rat (Neotoma) from +Northeastern Mexico, by Ticul Alvarez + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A New Species of Wood Rat (Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico + +Author: Ticul Alvarez + +Release Date: December 30, 2011 [EBook #38441] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW SPECIES OF WOOD RAT *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Dianna Adair, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS + MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Volume 14, No. 11, pp. 139-143 + April 30, 1962 + + A New Subspecies of Wood Rat + (Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico + + BY + + TICUL ALVAREZ + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + LAWRENCE + 1962 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, + Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. + + + Volume 14, No. 11, pp. 139-143 + Published April 30, 1962 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1962 + + + 29-2891 + + + + +A New Subspecies of Wood Rat (Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico + +BY + +TICUL ALVAREZ + + +The White-throated woodrat, _Neotoma albigula_, has been known +previously from the Mexican state of Tamaulipas by only eight +individuals reported by Goldman (N. Amer. Fauna, 31:37, October 19, +1910), which were assigned to _Neotoma albigula leucodon_ (type +locality, city of San Luis Potosí, México). Additional specimens from +southwestern Tamaulipas, obtained in recent years by representatives of +the Museum of Natural History, along with specimens from parts of Nuevo +León and Coahuila, represent an unnamed subspecies, which is named and +described as follows: + + +=Neotoma albigula subsolana= new subspecies + + _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 56950, Museum of Natural + History, The University of Kansas, from Miquihuana, 6400 ft., + Tamaulipas; obtained on July 20, 1953, by Gerd H. Heinrich, + original number 7553B. + + _Geographic distribution._--Sierra Madre Oriental from southeastern + Coahuila to southwestern Tamaulipas. + + _Diagnosis._--Over-all size small for species (see measurements), + but tail, maxillary tooth-row and incisive foramina relatively + long; upper parts dark (individual hairs banded subterminally with + cinnamon and tipped with grayish, yielding an over-all color of + grayish brown); lips gray, especially anteriorly and medially; + alveoli of incisors narrow (4.8-5.2); posterior branch of + premaxilla extending only slightly behind nasals; rostrum short; + braincase broad; mastoid breadth averaging 51.1 (47.8-52.7) per + cent of basilar length. + + _Comparisons._--_Neotoma albigula subsolana_, differs from + topotypes of _N. a. leucodon_, the subspecies geographically + adjacent to the southwest, as follows: size smaller, especially + length of palatal bridge (6.9-8.1 instead of 8.2-9.6), alveolar + length of maxillary tooth-row (8.3-8.9 instead of 8.8-9.7), and + greatest length of auditory bulla (7.3-7.9 instead of 8.2-8.9); + mastoid breadth relatively greater, 51.1 (47.8-52.7) instead of + 47.0 (45.5-49.1) per cent of basilar length; posterior process of + premaxilla extending only slightly beyond posterior border of + nasals; auditory bulla conspicuously smaller; upper parts darker, + especially middorsally; over-all color grayish instead of + ochraceous or yellowish; lips gray instead of nearly white. + + _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ differs from _N. a. albigula_, + geographically adjacent to the northwest (specimens from Pima + County, Arizona) as follows: size averaging slightly larger, except + length of nasals; mastoid breadth averaging 18.8 (17.9-20.2) + instead of 17.9 (17.7-18.2), its ratio to basilar length therefore + greater, 51.1 (47.8-52.7) instead of 49.4 (47.9-50.0); zygomatic + arches expanded posteriorly instead of nearly parallel as in + _albigula_; interparietal longer and narrower; mesopterygoid fossa + broader; auditory bulla slightly smaller; upper parts distinctly + darker. + +_Remarks._--_N. a. subsolana_ is characterized by the combination of +small size, dark color, small auditory bulla and relatively broad +braincase. Typical specimens have been collected only at higher +elevations in the Sierra Madre Oriental where no other species of +_Neotoma_ is known to occur. + +Intergradation between _N. a. subsolana_ and _N. a. leucodon_ occurs at +lower elevations on the west side of the Sierra Madre Oriental as shown +by specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula, Tamaulipas, and Sierra +Guadalupe, Coahuila, from which places some specimens are paler than +others, approaching _leucodon_ in color, and are slightly larger than +typical _subsolana_. Specimens assigned to _leucodon_ from vicinity of +Presa Guadalupe and from 1 to 6 kilometers south of Matehuala, San Luis +Potosí, are typical of that subspecies in measurements but are darker +than topotypes. + +_N. a. subsolana_ intergrades with _N. a. albigula_ in southeastern +Coahuila (specimens from 6 to 9 miles east of Hermanas and from Panuco) +where some individuals average paler and smaller than topotypes of +_subsolana_ and some have skulls that combine characters of _subsolana_ +and _albigula_. These specimens, which were referred to _N. a. leucodon_ +by Baker (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:281-282, June 15, +1956), are assigned to _subsolana_ on the basis of relatively dark +upperparts and broad mesopterygoid fossa (narrow in only one specimen). + +On geographic grounds, specimens not studied by me from Municipio de +Galeana, Nuevo León (Koestner, Great Basin Nat., 2:13, 1941), and those +from Jaumave, Tamaulipas (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31:37, October 19, +1910), probably are referable to _N. a. subsolana_. + +The subspecific name _subsolana_ (Latin adjective for eastern) is +proposed for this woodrat because of its eastern geographic occurrence. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of nine topotypes + (6 males and 3 females) are as follows: total length, 338 + (315-370); length of tail-vertebrae, 157 (130-182); length of hind + foot, 35 (33-37); length of ear from notch, 31 (29-34); basilar + length, 36.5 (34.7-39.2); zygomatic breadth, 23.9 (22.5-25.0); + interorbital constriction, 5.5 (5.7-6.2); length of nasals, 15.5 + (15.2-16.5); length of incisive foramina, 9.4 (8.8-10.1); length of + palatal bridge, 7.7 (6.9-8.1); alveolar length of maxillary + tooth-row, 8.7 (8.3-8.9); length of auditory bulla, 7.6 (7.3-7.9); + mastoid breadth, 18.7 (17.9-20.2). + + _Specimens examined._--A total of 124 (all from Mus. Nat. Hist., + Univ. Kansas) from: COAHUILA: 6 mi. E Hermanas, 1; 9 mi. E + Hermanas, 1; Panuco, 3000 ft., 4; 1 mi. S, 4 mi. W Bella Unión, + 7000 ft., 3; 3 mi. S, 3 mi. E Bella Unión, 6750 ft., 1; 6 mi. E, 4 + mi. S Saltillo, 7500 ft., 5; 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 + ft., 3; 14 mi. W, 1 mi. N San Antonio de las Alazanas, 6500 ft., 2; + 12 mi. S, 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 ft., 5; north slope Sierra + Guadalupe, 10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda, 6500 ft., 26; 7 mi. S, + 1 mi. E Gómez Farías, 6500 ft., 3; 8 mi. N La Ventura, 5500 ft., 1. + NUEVO LEON: Iturbide, Sierra Madre Oriental, 5000 ft., 10; Laguna, + 1; 9 mi. S Aramberri, 3900 ft., 3; 1 mi. W Doctor Arroyo, 5800 ft., + 4. TAMAULIPAS: Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. + Victoria (on Jaumave Road), 3800 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, + 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, + 3900 ft., 15. + + _Comparative material._--_N. a. albigula_, 10 specimens (all KU) + from: ARIZONA: 4 mi. S, 5 mi. E Continental, 4; 7 mi. E Tucson, + 2500 ft., 1; 30 mi. S Tucson, 1; 14 mi. S, 3 mi. E Continental, 1; + Sta. Catalina Mts., south slope Molino basin, 4200 ft., 2; Santa + Rita Mts., northwest slope, near Sta. Rita Range, 4300 ft., 1. + + _N. a. leucodon_, 46 specimens (in Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas, + unless otherwise noted) from: SAN LUIS POTOSI: 6 km. S Matehuala, + 13 (LSU); 1 km. S Matehuala, 2 (LSU); 7 km. W Presa de Guadalupe, 5 + (LSU); Presa de Guadalupe, 4 (LSU); 8 mi. SW Ramos, 6700 ft., 3; 10 + mi. NE San Luis Potosí, 6000 ft., 2; San Luis Potosí, 9 (USNM); + Hda. La Parada, 8 (USNM). + +I am grateful to Prof. E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., for +permission to examine critical specimens and for helpful suggestions. I +am grateful also to Dr. George H. Lowery, Jr., of the Louisiana State +University (LSU) and to Dr. David H. Johnson and Dr. Richard H. Manville +of the United States National Museum (USNM) for the loan of specimens. +Gerd H. Heinrich (in 1953) and Percy L. Clifton (in 1961) collected for +the Museum of Natural History the Tamaulipan specimens herein reported. +Fieldwork was supported by the Kansas University Endowment Association. +Laboratory phases of the study were made when the author was a half-time +Research Assistant supported by grant No. 56 G 103 from the National +Science Foundation. + + _Transmitted February 21, 1962._ + +29-2891 + + + * * * * * + + Transcriber Note: + + Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ + Bold text is denoted by =equal signs= + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Species of Wood Rat (Neotoma) +from Northeastern Mexico, by Ticul Alvarez + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW SPECIES OF WOOD RAT *** + +***** This file should be named 38441-8.txt or 38441-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/4/38441/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Dianna Adair, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A New Species of Wood Rat (Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico + +Author: Ticul Alvarez + +Release Date: December 30, 2011 [EBook #38441] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW SPECIES OF WOOD RAT *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Dianna Adair, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History</span></p> + +<p class="extraspace4bot center">Volume 14, No. 11, pp. 139-143<br /> +April 30, 1962</p> + +<h1>A New Subspecies of Wood Rat<br /> +(Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico</h1> + +<h2><small>BY</small></h2> + +<h2><small>TICUL ALVAREZ</small></h2> + +<p class="center extraspace3top"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas<br /> +Lawrence</span><br /> +1962 +</p> + +<hr class="r65" /> + +<p class="center extraspace3top extraspace4bot"> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,<br /> +Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.</p> + +<p class="center extraspace4bot">Volume 14, No. 11, pp. 139-143<br /> +Published April 30, 1962</p> + +<p class="center extraspace4bot"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</p> + +<p class="center extraspace4bot">PRINTED BY<br /> +JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1962<br /> + +29-2891</p> + +<hr class="r65" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span></p> +<h1>A New Subspecies of Wood Rat<br /> +(Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico</h1> + +<h3><small>BY</small></h3> + +<h2><small>TICUL ALVAREZ</small></h2> + + +<p>The White-throated woodrat, <i>Neotoma albigula</i>, has been known +previously from the Mexican state of Tamaulipas by only eight individuals +reported by Goldman (N. Amer. Fauna, 31:37, October +19, 1910), which were assigned to <i>Neotoma albigula leucodon</i> (type +locality, city of San Luis Potosí, México). Additional specimens +from southwestern Tamaulipas, obtained in recent years by representatives +of the Museum of Natural History, along with specimens +from parts of Nuevo León and Coahuila, represent an unnamed +subspecies, which is named and described as follows:</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Neotoma albigula subsolana</b> new subspecies</p> + +<div class="blockquote"><p><i>Type.</i>—Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 56950, Museum of Natural History, +The University of Kansas, from Miquihuana, 6400 ft., Tamaulipas; obtained +on July 20, 1953, by Gerd H. Heinrich, original number 7553B.</p> + +<p><i>Geographic distribution.</i>—Sierra Madre Oriental from southeastern Coahuila +to southwestern Tamaulipas.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Over-all size small for species (see measurements), but tail, +maxillary tooth-row and incisive foramina relatively long; upper parts dark +(individual hairs banded subterminally with cinnamon and tipped with grayish, +yielding an over-all color of grayish brown); lips gray, especially anteriorly +and medially; alveoli of incisors narrow (4.8-5.2); posterior branch of premaxilla +extending only slightly behind nasals; rostrum short; braincase broad; +mastoid breadth averaging 51.1 (47.8-52.7) per cent of basilar length.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—<i>Neotoma albigula subsolana</i>, differs from topotypes of <i>N. a. +leucodon</i>, the subspecies geographically adjacent to the southwest, as follows: +size smaller, especially length of palatal bridge (6.9-8.1 instead of 8.2-9.6), alveolar +length of maxillary tooth-row (8.3-8.9 instead of 8.8-9.7), and greatest +length of auditory bulla (7.3-7.9 instead of 8.2-8.9); mastoid breadth relatively +greater, 51.1 (47.8-52.7) instead of 47.0 (45.5-49.1) per cent of basilar +length; posterior process of premaxilla extending only slightly beyond posterior +border of nasals; auditory bulla conspicuously smaller; upper parts darker, especially +middorsally; over-all color grayish instead of ochraceous or yellowish; +lips gray instead of nearly white.</p> + +<p><i>Neotoma albigula subsolana</i> differs from <i>N. a. albigula</i>, geographically adjacent +to the northwest (specimens from Pima County, Arizona) as follows: +size averaging slightly larger, except length of nasals; mastoid breadth averaging +18.8 (17.9-20.2) instead of 17.9 (17.7-18.2), its ratio to basilar length +therefore greater, 51.1 (47.8-52.7) instead of 49.4 (47.9-50.0); zygomatic<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +arches expanded posteriorly instead of nearly parallel as in <i>albigula</i>; interparietal +longer and narrower; mesopterygoid fossa broader; auditory bulla +slightly smaller; upper parts distinctly darker.</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—<i>N. a. subsolana</i> is characterized by the combination of +small size, dark color, small auditory bulla and relatively broad +braincase. Typical specimens have been collected only at higher +elevations in the Sierra Madre Oriental where no other species of +<i>Neotoma</i> is known to occur.</p> + +<p>Intergradation between <i>N. a. subsolana</i> and <i>N. a. leucodon</i> occurs +at lower elevations on the west side of the Sierra Madre Oriental +as shown by specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula, Tamaulipas, +and Sierra Guadalupe, Coahuila, from which places some +specimens are paler than others, approaching <i>leucodon</i> in color, and +are slightly larger than typical <i>subsolana</i>. Specimens assigned to +<i>leucodon</i> from vicinity of Presa Guadalupe and from 1 to 6 kilometers +south of Matehuala, San Luis Potosí, are typical of that subspecies +in measurements but are darker than topotypes.</p> + +<p><i>N. a. subsolana</i> intergrades with <i>N. a. albigula</i> in southeastern +Coahuila (specimens from 6 to 9 miles east of Hermanas and from +Panuco) where some individuals average paler and smaller than +topotypes of <i>subsolana</i> and some have skulls that combine characters +of <i>subsolana</i> and <i>albigula</i>. These specimens, which were referred +to <i>N. a. leucodon</i> by Baker (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. +Hist., 9:281-282, June 15, 1956), are assigned to <i>subsolana</i> on the +basis of relatively dark upperparts and broad mesopterygoid fossa +(narrow in only one specimen).</p> + +<p>On geographic grounds, specimens not studied by me from Municipio +de Galeana, Nuevo León (Koestner, Great Basin Nat., 2:13, +1941), and those from Jaumave, Tamaulipas (Goldman, N. Amer. +Fauna, 31:37, October 19, 1910), probably are referable to <i>N. a. +subsolana</i>.</p> + +<p>The subspecific name <i>subsolana</i> (Latin adjective for eastern) is +proposed for this woodrat because of its eastern geographic occurrence.</p> + +<div class="blockquote"><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of nine topotypes (6 +males and 3 females) are as follows: total length, 338 (315-370); length +of tail-vertebrae, 157 (130-182); length of hind foot, 35 (33-37); length of +ear from notch, 31 (29-34); basilar length, 36.5 (34.7-39.2); zygomatic +breadth, 23.9 (22.5-25.0); interorbital constriction, 5.5 (5.7-6.2); length of +nasals, 15.5 (15.2-16.5); length of incisive foramina, 9.4 (8.8-10.1); length +of palatal bridge, 7.7 (6.9-8.1); alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7 +(8.3-8.9); length of auditory bulla, 7.6 (7.3-7.9); mastoid breadth, 18.7 +(17.9-20.2).</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquote"><p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—A total of 124 (all from Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas) +from: COAHUILA: 6 mi. E Hermanas, 1; 9 mi. E Hermanas, 1; Panuco, +3000 ft., 4; 1 mi. S, 4 mi. W Bella Unión, 7000 ft., 3; 3 mi. S, 3 mi. E Bella +Unión, 6750 ft., 1; 6 mi. E, 4 mi. S Saltillo, 7500 ft., 5; 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella +Unión, 7200 ft., 3; 14 mi. W, 1 mi. N San Antonio de las Alazanas, 6500 ft., 2; +12 mi. S, 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 ft., 5; north slope Sierra Guadalupe, 10 mi. S, +5 mi. W General Cepeda, 6500 ft., 26; 7 mi. S, 1 mi. E Gómez Farías, 6500 ft., +3; 8 mi. N La Ventura, 5500 ft., 1. NUEVO LEON: Iturbide, Sierra Madre +Oriental, 5000 ft., 10; Laguna, 1; 9 mi. S Aramberri, 3900 ft., 3; 1 mi. W +Doctor Arroyo, 5800 ft., 4. TAMAULIPAS: Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya +Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria (on Jaumave Road), 3800 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 +km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 2; 9 mi. SW +Tula, 3900 ft., 15.</p> + +<p><i>Comparative material.</i>—<i>N. a. albigula</i>, 10 specimens (all KU) from: ARIZONA: +4 mi. S, 5 mi. E Continental, 4; 7 mi. E Tucson, 2500 ft., 1; 30 mi. S +Tucson, 1; 14 mi. S, 3 mi. E Continental, 1; Sta. Catalina Mts., south slope +Molino basin, 4200 ft., 2; Santa Rita Mts., northwest slope, near Sta. Rita +Range, 4300 ft., 1.</p> + +<p><i>N. a. leucodon</i>, 46 specimens (in Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas, unless +otherwise noted) from: SAN LUIS POTOSI: 6 km. S Matehuala, 13 (LSU); +1 km. S Matehuala, 2 (LSU); 7 km. W Presa de Guadalupe, 5 (LSU); Presa +de Guadalupe, 4 (LSU); 8 mi. SW Ramos, 6700 ft., 3; 10 mi. NE San Luis Potosí, +6000 ft., 2; San Luis Potosí, 9 (USNM); Hda. La Parada, 8 (USNM).</p></div> + +<p>I am grateful to Prof. E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., for permission +to examine critical specimens and for helpful suggestions. I am grateful +also to Dr. George H. Lowery, Jr., of the Louisiana State University (LSU) +and to Dr. David H. Johnson and Dr. Richard H. Manville of the United +States National Museum (USNM) for the loan of specimens. Gerd H. Heinrich +(in 1953) and Percy L. Clifton (in 1961) collected for the Museum of +Natural History the Tamaulipan specimens herein reported. Fieldwork was +supported by the Kansas University Endowment Association. Laboratory +phases of the study were made when the author was a half-time Research Assistant +supported by grant No. 56 G 103 from the National Science Foundation.</p> + +<div class="blockquote"><p><i>Transmitted February 21, 1962.</i></p></div> + +<p class="center">29-2891</p> + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Species of Wood Rat (Neotoma) +from Northeastern Mexico, by Ticul Alvarez + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW SPECIES OF WOOD RAT *** + +***** This file should be named 38441-h.htm or 38441-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/4/38441/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Dianna Adair, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A New Species of Wood Rat (Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico + +Author: Ticul Alvarez + +Release Date: December 30, 2011 [EBook #38441] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW SPECIES OF WOOD RAT *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Dianna Adair, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS + MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Volume 14, No. 11, pp. 139-143 + April 30, 1962 + + A New Subspecies of Wood Rat + (Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico + + BY + + TICUL ALVAREZ + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + LAWRENCE + 1962 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, + Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. + + + Volume 14, No. 11, pp. 139-143 + Published April 30, 1962 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1962 + + + 29-2891 + + + + +A New Subspecies of Wood Rat (Neotoma) from Northeastern Mexico + +BY + +TICUL ALVAREZ + + +The White-throated woodrat, _Neotoma albigula_, has been known +previously from the Mexican state of Tamaulipas by only eight +individuals reported by Goldman (N. Amer. Fauna, 31:37, October 19, +1910), which were assigned to _Neotoma albigula leucodon_ (type +locality, city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico). Additional specimens from +southwestern Tamaulipas, obtained in recent years by representatives of +the Museum of Natural History, along with specimens from parts of Nuevo +Leon and Coahuila, represent an unnamed subspecies, which is named and +described as follows: + + +=Neotoma albigula subsolana= new subspecies + + _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 56950, Museum of Natural + History, The University of Kansas, from Miquihuana, 6400 ft., + Tamaulipas; obtained on July 20, 1953, by Gerd H. Heinrich, + original number 7553B. + + _Geographic distribution._--Sierra Madre Oriental from southeastern + Coahuila to southwestern Tamaulipas. + + _Diagnosis._--Over-all size small for species (see measurements), + but tail, maxillary tooth-row and incisive foramina relatively + long; upper parts dark (individual hairs banded subterminally with + cinnamon and tipped with grayish, yielding an over-all color of + grayish brown); lips gray, especially anteriorly and medially; + alveoli of incisors narrow (4.8-5.2); posterior branch of + premaxilla extending only slightly behind nasals; rostrum short; + braincase broad; mastoid breadth averaging 51.1 (47.8-52.7) per + cent of basilar length. + + _Comparisons._--_Neotoma albigula subsolana_, differs from + topotypes of _N. a. leucodon_, the subspecies geographically + adjacent to the southwest, as follows: size smaller, especially + length of palatal bridge (6.9-8.1 instead of 8.2-9.6), alveolar + length of maxillary tooth-row (8.3-8.9 instead of 8.8-9.7), and + greatest length of auditory bulla (7.3-7.9 instead of 8.2-8.9); + mastoid breadth relatively greater, 51.1 (47.8-52.7) instead of + 47.0 (45.5-49.1) per cent of basilar length; posterior process of + premaxilla extending only slightly beyond posterior border of + nasals; auditory bulla conspicuously smaller; upper parts darker, + especially middorsally; over-all color grayish instead of + ochraceous or yellowish; lips gray instead of nearly white. + + _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ differs from _N. a. albigula_, + geographically adjacent to the northwest (specimens from Pima + County, Arizona) as follows: size averaging slightly larger, except + length of nasals; mastoid breadth averaging 18.8 (17.9-20.2) + instead of 17.9 (17.7-18.2), its ratio to basilar length therefore + greater, 51.1 (47.8-52.7) instead of 49.4 (47.9-50.0); zygomatic + arches expanded posteriorly instead of nearly parallel as in + _albigula_; interparietal longer and narrower; mesopterygoid fossa + broader; auditory bulla slightly smaller; upper parts distinctly + darker. + +_Remarks._--_N. a. subsolana_ is characterized by the combination of +small size, dark color, small auditory bulla and relatively broad +braincase. Typical specimens have been collected only at higher +elevations in the Sierra Madre Oriental where no other species of +_Neotoma_ is known to occur. + +Intergradation between _N. a. subsolana_ and _N. a. leucodon_ occurs at +lower elevations on the west side of the Sierra Madre Oriental as shown +by specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula, Tamaulipas, and Sierra +Guadalupe, Coahuila, from which places some specimens are paler than +others, approaching _leucodon_ in color, and are slightly larger than +typical _subsolana_. Specimens assigned to _leucodon_ from vicinity of +Presa Guadalupe and from 1 to 6 kilometers south of Matehuala, San Luis +Potosi, are typical of that subspecies in measurements but are darker +than topotypes. + +_N. a. subsolana_ intergrades with _N. a. albigula_ in southeastern +Coahuila (specimens from 6 to 9 miles east of Hermanas and from Panuco) +where some individuals average paler and smaller than topotypes of +_subsolana_ and some have skulls that combine characters of _subsolana_ +and _albigula_. These specimens, which were referred to _N. a. leucodon_ +by Baker (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:281-282, June 15, +1956), are assigned to _subsolana_ on the basis of relatively dark +upperparts and broad mesopterygoid fossa (narrow in only one specimen). + +On geographic grounds, specimens not studied by me from Municipio de +Galeana, Nuevo Leon (Koestner, Great Basin Nat., 2:13, 1941), and those +from Jaumave, Tamaulipas (Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31:37, October 19, +1910), probably are referable to _N. a. subsolana_. + +The subspecific name _subsolana_ (Latin adjective for eastern) is +proposed for this woodrat because of its eastern geographic occurrence. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of nine topotypes + (6 males and 3 females) are as follows: total length, 338 + (315-370); length of tail-vertebrae, 157 (130-182); length of hind + foot, 35 (33-37); length of ear from notch, 31 (29-34); basilar + length, 36.5 (34.7-39.2); zygomatic breadth, 23.9 (22.5-25.0); + interorbital constriction, 5.5 (5.7-6.2); length of nasals, 15.5 + (15.2-16.5); length of incisive foramina, 9.4 (8.8-10.1); length of + palatal bridge, 7.7 (6.9-8.1); alveolar length of maxillary + tooth-row, 8.7 (8.3-8.9); length of auditory bulla, 7.6 (7.3-7.9); + mastoid breadth, 18.7 (17.9-20.2). + + _Specimens examined._--A total of 124 (all from Mus. Nat. Hist., + Univ. Kansas) from: COAHUILA: 6 mi. E Hermanas, 1; 9 mi. E + Hermanas, 1; Panuco, 3000 ft., 4; 1 mi. S, 4 mi. W Bella Union, + 7000 ft., 3; 3 mi. S, 3 mi. E Bella Union, 6750 ft., 1; 6 mi. E, 4 + mi. S Saltillo, 7500 ft., 5; 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Union, 7200 + ft., 3; 14 mi. W, 1 mi. N San Antonio de las Alazanas, 6500 ft., 2; + 12 mi. S, 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 ft., 5; north slope Sierra + Guadalupe, 10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda, 6500 ft., 26; 7 mi. S, + 1 mi. E Gomez Farias, 6500 ft., 3; 8 mi. N La Ventura, 5500 ft., 1. + NUEVO LEON: Iturbide, Sierra Madre Oriental, 5000 ft., 10; Laguna, + 1; 9 mi. S Aramberri, 3900 ft., 3; 1 mi. W Doctor Arroyo, 5800 ft., + 4. TAMAULIPAS: Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. + Victoria (on Jaumave Road), 3800 ft., 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, + 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, + 3900 ft., 15. + + _Comparative material._--_N. a. albigula_, 10 specimens (all KU) + from: ARIZONA: 4 mi. S, 5 mi. E Continental, 4; 7 mi. E Tucson, + 2500 ft., 1; 30 mi. S Tucson, 1; 14 mi. S, 3 mi. E Continental, 1; + Sta. Catalina Mts., south slope Molino basin, 4200 ft., 2; Santa + Rita Mts., northwest slope, near Sta. Rita Range, 4300 ft., 1. + + _N. a. leucodon_, 46 specimens (in Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas, + unless otherwise noted) from: SAN LUIS POTOSI: 6 km. S Matehuala, + 13 (LSU); 1 km. S Matehuala, 2 (LSU); 7 km. W Presa de Guadalupe, 5 + (LSU); Presa de Guadalupe, 4 (LSU); 8 mi. SW Ramos, 6700 ft., 3; 10 + mi. NE San Luis Potosi, 6000 ft., 2; San Luis Potosi, 9 (USNM); + Hda. La Parada, 8 (USNM). + +I am grateful to Prof. E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., for +permission to examine critical specimens and for helpful suggestions. I +am grateful also to Dr. George H. Lowery, Jr., of the Louisiana State +University (LSU) and to Dr. David H. Johnson and Dr. Richard H. Manville +of the United States National Museum (USNM) for the loan of specimens. +Gerd H. Heinrich (in 1953) and Percy L. Clifton (in 1961) collected for +the Museum of Natural History the Tamaulipan specimens herein reported. +Fieldwork was supported by the Kansas University Endowment Association. +Laboratory phases of the study were made when the author was a half-time +Research Assistant supported by grant No. 56 G 103 from the National +Science Foundation. + + _Transmitted February 21, 1962._ + +29-2891 + + + * * * * * + + Transcriber Note: + + Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ + Bold text is denoted by =equal signs= + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Species of Wood Rat (Neotoma) +from Northeastern Mexico, by Ticul Alvarez + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW SPECIES OF WOOD RAT *** + +***** This file should be named 38441.txt or 38441.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/4/38441/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Dianna Adair, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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