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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Memoirs Of Jean Francois Paul De Gondi,
+Cardinal De Retz, Volume III., by Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Memoirs Of Jean Francois Paul De Gondi, Cardinal De Retz, Volume III.
+       Being Historic Court Memoirs of the Great Events during the Minority
+       of Louis XIV. and the Administration of Cardinal Mazarin
+       
+
+Author: Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+
+Release Date: September 29, 2006 [EBook #3844]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARDINAL DE RETZ ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF JEAN FRANCOIS PAUL de GONDI,
+CARDINAL DE RETZ
+
+Written by Himself
+
+Being Historic Court Memoirs of the Great Events
+during the Minority of Louis XIV.
+and the Administration of Cardinal Mazarin.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK III.
+
+
+MADAME:--Cardinal Mazarin thought of nothing else now but how to rid
+himself of the obligations he lay under to the Prince de Conde, who had
+actually saved him from the gallows.  And his principal view was an
+alliance with the House of Vendome, who had on some occasions opposed the
+interest of the family of Conde.
+
+In Paris the people libelled not only the Cardinal, but the Queen. Indeed
+it was not our interest to discourage libels and ballads against the
+Cardinal, but it concerned us to suppress such as were levelled against
+the Queen and Government.  It is not to be imagined what uneasiness the
+wrath of the people gave us upon that head.  Two criminals, one of whom
+was a printer, being condemned to be hanged for publishing some things
+fit to be burnt and for libelling the Queen, cried out, when they were
+upon the scaffold, that they were to be put to death for publishing
+verses against Mazarin, upon which the people rescued them from justice.
+
+On the other hand, some gay young gentlemen of the Court, who were in
+Mazarin's interest, had a mind to make his name familiar to the
+Parisians, and for that end made a famous display in the public walks of
+the Tuileries, where they had grand suppers, with music, and drank the
+Cardinal's health publicly.  We took little notice of this, till they
+boasted at Saint Germain that the Frondeurs were glad to give them the
+wall.  And then we thought it high time to correct them, lest the common
+people should think they did it by authority.  For this end M. de
+Beaufort and a hundred other gentlemen went one night to the house where
+they supped, overturned the table, and broke the musicians' violins over
+their heads.
+
+Being informed that the Prince de Conde intended to oblige the King to
+return to Paris, I was resolved to have all the merit of an action which
+would be so acceptable to the citizens.  I therefore resolved to go to
+the Court at Compiegne, which my friends very much opposed, for fear of
+the danger to which I might be exposed, but I told them that what is
+absolutely necessary is not dangerous.
+
+I went accordingly, and as I was going up-stairs to the Queen's
+apartments, a man, whom I never saw before or since, put a note into my
+hand with these words: "If you enter the King's domicile, you are a dead
+man."  But I was in already, and it was too late to go back.  Being past
+the guard-chamber, I thought myself secure.  I told the Queen that I was
+come to assure her Majesty of my most humble obedience, and of the
+disposition of the Church of Paris to perform all the services it owed to
+their Majesties.  The Queen seemed highly pleased, and was very kind to
+me; but when we mentioned the Cardinal, though she urged me to it, I
+excused myself from going to see him, assuring her Majesty that such a
+visit would put it out of my power to do her service.  It was impossible
+for her to contain herself any longer; she blushed, and it was with much
+restraint that she forbore using harsh language, as she herself confessed
+afterwards.
+
+Servien said one day that there was a design to assassinate me at his
+table by the Abbe Fouquet; and M. de Vendome, who had just come from his
+table, pressed me to be gone, saying that there were wicked designs
+hatching against me.
+
+I returned to Paris, having accomplished everything I wanted, for I had
+removed the suspicion of the Court that the Frondeurs were against the
+King's return.  I threw upon the Cardinal all the odium attending his
+Majesty's delay.  I braved Mazarin, as it were, upon his throne, and
+secured to myself the chief honour of the King's return.
+
+The Court was received at Paris as kings always were and ever will be,
+namely, with acclamations, which only please such as like to be
+flattered.  A group of old women were posted at the entrance of the
+suburbs to cry out, "God save his Eminence!" who sat in the King's coach
+and thought himself Lord of Paris; but at the end of three or four days
+he found himself much mistaken.  Ballads and libels still flew about. The
+Frondeurs appeared bolder than ever.  M. de Beaufort and I rode sometimes
+alone, with one lackey only behind our coach, and at other times we went
+with a retinue of fifty men in livery and a hundred gentlemen.  We
+diversified the scene as we thought it would be most acceptable to the
+spectators.  The Court party, who blamed us from morning to night,
+nevertheless imitated us in their way.  Everybody took an advantage of
+the Ministry from our continual pelting of his Eminence. The Prince, who
+always made too much or too little of the Cardinal, continued to treat
+him with contempt; and, being disgusted at being refused the post of
+Superintendent of the Seas, the Cardinal endeavoured to soothe him with
+the vain hopes of other advantages.
+
+The Prince, being one day at Court, and seeing the Cardinal give himself
+extraordinary airs, said, as he was going out of the Queen's cabinet,
+"Adieu, Mars."  This was told all over the city in a quarter of an hour.
+I and Noirmoutier went by appointment to his house at four o'clock in the
+morning, when he seemed to be greatly troubled.  He said that he could
+not determine to begin a civil war, which, though the only means to
+separate the Queen from the Cardinal, to whom she was so strongly
+attached, yet it was both against his conscience and honour.  He added
+that he should never forget his obligations to us, and that if he should
+come to any terms with the Court, he would, if we thought proper, settle
+our affairs also, and that if we had not a mind to be reconciled to the
+Court, he would, in case it did attack us, publicly undertake our
+protection.  We answered that we had no other design in our proposals
+than the honour of being his humble servants, and that we should be very
+sorry if he had retarded his reconciliation with the Queen upon our
+account, praying that we might be permitted to continue in the same
+disposition towards the Cardinal as we were then, which we declared
+should not hinder us from paying all the respect and duty which we
+professed for his Highness.
+
+I must not forget to acquaint you that Madame de Guemenee, who ran away
+from Paris in a fright the moment it was besieged, no sooner heard that I
+had paid a visit to Mademoiselle de Chevreuse than she returned to town
+in a rage.  I was in such a passion with her for having cowardly deserted
+me that I took her by the throat, and she was so enraged at my
+familiarity with Mademoiselle de Chevreuse that she threw a candlestick
+at my head, but in a quarter of an hour we were very good friends.
+
+The Prince de Conde was no sooner reconciled with the Court than he was
+publicly reproached in the city for breaking his word with the Frondeurs;
+but I convinced him that he could not think such treatment strange in a
+city so justly exasperated against Mazarin, and that, nevertheless, he
+might depend on my best services, for which he assured me of his constant
+friendship.
+
+Moissans, now Marechal d'Albret, who was at the head of the King's
+gendarmes, accustomed himself and others to threaten the chief minister,
+who augmented the public odium against himself by reestablishing Emeri, a
+man detested by all the kingdom.  We were not a little alarmed at his
+reestablishment, because this man, who knew Paris better than the
+Cardinal, distributed money among the people to a very good purpose. This
+is a singular science, which is either very beneficial or hurtful in its
+consequences, according to the wisdom or folly of the distributor.
+
+These donations, laid out with discretion and secrecy, obliged us to
+yield ourselves more and more unto the bulk of the people, and, finding a
+fit opportunity for this performance, we took care not to let it slip,
+which, if they had been ruled by me, we should not have done so soon, for
+we were not yet forced to make use of such expedients.  It is not safe in
+a faction where you are only upon the defensive to do what you are not
+pressed to do, but the uneasiness of the subalterns on such occasions is
+troublesome, because they believe that as soon as you seem to be inactive
+all is lost.  I preached every day that the way was yet rough, and
+therefore must be made plain, and that patience in the present case was
+productive of greater effects than activity; but nobody comprehended the
+truth of what I said.
+
+An unlucky expression, dropped on this occasion by the Princesse de
+Guemenee, had an incredible influence upon the people.  She called to
+mind a ballad formerly made upon the regiment of Brulon, which was said
+to consist of only two dragoons and four drummers, and, inasmuch as she
+hated the Fronde, she told me very pleasantly that our party, being
+reduced to fourteen, might be justly compared to that regiment of Brulon.
+Noirmoutier and Laigues were offended at this expression to that degree
+that they continually murmured because I neither settled affairs nor
+pushed them to the last extremity.  Upon which I observed that heads of
+factions are no longer their masters when they are unable either to
+prevent or allay the murmurs of the people.
+
+The revenues of the Hotel de Ville, which are, as it were, the patrimony
+of the bourgeois, and which, if well managed, might be of special service
+to the King in securing to his interest an infinite number of those
+people who are always the most formidable in revolutions--this sacred
+fund, I say, suffered much by the licentiousness of the times, the
+ignorance of Mazarin, and the prevarication of the officers of the Hotel
+de Ville, who were his dependents, so that the poor annuitants met in
+great numbers at the Hotel de Ville; but as such assemblies without the
+Prince's authority are reckoned illegal, the Parliament passed a decree
+to suppress them.  They were privately countenanced by M. de Beaufort and
+me, to whom they sent a solemn deputation, and they made choice of twelve
+syndics to be a check upon the 'prevot des marchands'.
+
+On the 11th of December a pistol, as had been concerted beforehand, was
+fired into the coach of Joly, one of the syndics, which President
+Charton, another of the syndics, thinking was aimed at himself, the
+Marquis de la Boulaie ran as if possessed with a devil, while the
+Parliament was sitting, into the middle of the Great Hall, with fifteen
+or twenty worthless fellows crying out "To Arms!"  He did the like in the
+streets, but in vain, and came to Broussel and me; but the former
+reprimanded him after his way, and I threatened to throw him out at the
+window, for I had reason to believe that he acted in concert with the
+Cardinal, though he pretended to be a Frondeur.
+
+This artifice of Servien united the Prince to the Cardinal, because he
+found himself obliged to defend himself against the Frondeurs, who, as he
+believed, sought to assassinate him.  All those that were his own
+creatures thought they were not zealous enough for his service if they
+did not exaggerate the imminent danger he had escaped, and the Court
+parasites confounded the morning adventure with that at night; and upon
+this coarse canvas they daubed all that the basest flattery, blackest
+imposture, and the most ridiculous credulity was capable of imagining;
+and we were informed the next morning that it was the common rumour over
+all the city that we had formed a design of seizing the King's person and
+carrying him to the Hotel de Ville, and to assassinate the Prince.
+
+M. de Beaufort and I agreed to go out and show ourselves to the people,
+whom we found in such a consternation that I believed the Court might
+then have attacked us with success.  Madame de Montbazon advised us to
+take post-horses and ride off, saying that there was nothing more easy
+than to destroy us, because we had put ourselves into the hands of our
+sworn enemies.  I said that we had better hazard our lives than our
+honour.  To which she replied, "It is not that, but your nymphs, I
+believe, which keep you here" (meaning Mesdames de Chevreuse and
+Guemenee).  "I expect," she said, "to be befriended for my own sake, and
+don't I deserve it?  I cannot conceive how you can be amused by a wicked
+old hag and a girl, if possible, still more foolish.  We are continually
+disputing about that silly wretch" (pointing to M. de Beaufort, who was
+playing chess); "let us take him with us and go to Peronne."
+
+You are not to wonder that she talked thus contemptibly of M. de
+Beaufort, whom she always taxed with impotency, for it is certain that
+his love was purely Platonic, as he never asked any favour of her, and
+seemed very uneasy with her for eating flesh on Fridays.  She was so
+sweet upon me, and withal such a charming beauty, that, being naturally
+indisposed to let such opportunities slip, I was melted into tenderness
+for her, notwithstanding my suspicions of her, considering the then
+situation of affairs, and would have had her go with me into the cabinet,
+but she was determined first to go to Peronne, which put an end to our
+amours.
+
+Beaufort waited on the Prince and was well received, but I could not gain
+admittance.
+
+On the 14th the Prince de Conde went to Parliament and demanded that a
+committee might be appointed to inquire into the attempt made on his
+life.
+
+The Frondeurs were not asleep in the meantime, yet most of our friends
+were dispirited, and all very weak.
+
+The cures of Paris were my most hearty friends; they laboured with
+incredible zeal among the people.  And the cure of Saint Gervais sent me
+this message: "Do but rally again and get off the assassination, and in a
+week you will be stronger than your enemies."
+
+I was informed that the Queen had written to my uncle, the Archbishop of
+Paris, to be sure to go to the Parliament on the 23d, the day that
+Beaufort, Broussel, and I were to be impeached, because I had no right to
+sit in the House if he were present.  I begged of him not to go, but my
+uncle being a man of little sense, and that much out of order, and being,
+moreover, fearful and ridiculously jealous of me, had promised the Queen
+to go; and all that we could get out of him was that he would defend me
+in Parliament better than I could defend myself.  It is to be observed
+that though he chattered to us like a magpie in private, yet in public he
+was as mute as a fish.  A surgeon who was in the Archbishop's service,
+going to visit him, commended him for his courage in resisting the
+importunities of his nephew, who, said he, had a mind to bury him alive,
+and encouraged him to rise with all haste and go to the Parliament House;
+but he was no sooner out of his bed than the surgeon asked him in a
+fright how he felt.  "Very well," said my Lord.  "But that is
+impossible," said the surgeon; "you look like death," and feeling his
+pulse, he told him he was in a high fever; upon which my Lord Archbishop
+went to bed again, and all the kings and queens in Christendom could not
+get him out for a fortnight.
+
+We went to the Parliament, and found there the Princes with nearly a
+thousand gentlemen and, I may say, the whole Court.  I had few salutes in
+the Hall, because it was generally thought I was an undone man.  When I
+had entered the Great Chamber I heard a hum like that at the end of a
+pleasing period in a sermon.  When I had taken my place I said that,
+hearing we were taxed with a seditious conspiracy, we were come to offer
+our heads to the Parliament if guilty, and if innocent, to demand justice
+upon our accusers; and that though I knew not what right the Court had to
+call me to account, yet I would renounce all privileges to make my
+innocence apparent to a body for whom I always had the greatest
+attachment and veneration.
+
+Then the informations were read against what they called "the public
+conspiracy from which it had pleased Almighty God to deliver the State
+and the royal family," after which I made a speech, in substance as
+follows:
+
+"I do not believe, gentlemen, that in any of the past ages persons of our
+quality had ever received any personal summons grounded merely upon
+hearsay.  Neither can I think that posterity will ever believe that this
+hearsay evidence was admitted from the mouths of the most infamous
+miscreants that ever got out of a gaol.  Canto was condemned to the
+gallows at Pau, Pichon to the wheel at Mans, Sociande is a rogue upon
+record.  Pray, gentlemen, judge of their evidence by their character and
+profession.  But this is not all.  They have the distinguishing character
+of being informers by authority.  I am sorely grieved that the defence of
+our honour, which is enjoined us by the laws of God and man, should
+oblige me to expose to light, under the most innocent of Kings, such
+abominations as were detested in the most corrupt ages of antiquity and
+under the worst of tyrants.  But I must tell you that Canto, Sociande,
+and Gorgibus are authorised to inform against us by a commission signed
+by that august name which should never be employed but for the
+preservation of the most sacred laws, and which Cardinal Mazarin, who
+knows no law but that of revenge, which he meditates against the
+defenders of the public liberty, has forced M. Tellier, Secretary of
+State, to countersign.
+
+"We demand justice, gentlemen, but we do not demand it of you till we
+have first most humbly implored this House to execute the strictest
+justice that the laws have provided against rebels, if it appears that we
+have been concerned directly or indirectly in raising this last
+disturbance.  Is it possible, gentlemen, that a grandchild of Henri the
+Great, that a senator of M. Broussel's age and probity, and that the
+Coadjutor of Paris should be so much as suspected of being concerned in a
+sedition raised by a hot-brained fool, at the head of fifteen of the
+vilest of the mob?  I am fully persuaded it would be scandalous for me to
+insist longer on this subject.  This is all I know, gentlemen, of the
+modern conspiracy."
+
+The applause that came from the Court of Inquiry was deafening; many
+voices were heard exclaiming against spies and informers.  Honest Doujat,
+who was one of the persons appointed by the Attorney-General Talon, his
+kinsman, to make the report, and who had acquainted me with the facts,
+acknowledged it publicly by pretending to make the thing appear less
+odious.  He got up, therefore, as if he were in a passion, and spoke very
+artfully to this purpose:
+
+"These witnesses, monsieur, are not to accuse you, as you are pleased to
+say, but only to discover what passed in the meeting of the annuitants at
+the Hotel de Ville.  If the King did not promise impunity to such as will
+give him information necessary for his service, and which sometimes
+cannot be come at without involving evidence in a crime, how should the
+King be informed at all?  There is a great deal of difference between
+patents of this nature and commissions granted on purpose to accuse you."
+
+You might have seen fire in 'the face of every member.  The First
+President called out "Order!" and said, "MM. de Beaufort, le Coadjuteur,
+and Broussel, you are accused, and you must withdraw."
+
+As Beaufort and I were leaving our seats, Broussel stopped us, saying,
+"Neither you, gentlemen, nor I are bound to depart till we are ordered to
+do so by the Court.  The First President, whom all the world knows to be
+our adversary, should go out if we must."
+
+I added, "And M. le Prince," who thereupon said, with a scornful air:
+
+"What, I?  Must I retire?"
+
+"Yes, yes, monsieur," said I, "justice is no respecter of persons."
+
+The President de Mesmes said, "No, monseigneur, you must not go out
+unless the Court orders you.  If the Coadjutor insists that your Highness
+retire, he must demand it by a petition.  As for himself, he is accused,
+and therefore must go out; but, seeing he raises difficulties and
+objections to the contrary, we must put it to the vote."  And it was
+passed that we should withdraw.
+
+Meanwhile, most of the members passed encomiums upon us, satires upon the
+Ministry, and anathemas upon the witnesses for the Crown.  Nor were the
+cures and the parishioners wanting in their duty on this occasion.  The
+people came in shoals from all parts of Paris to the Parliament House.
+Nevertheless, no disrespect was shown either to the King's brother or to
+M. le Prince; only some in their presence cried out, "God bless M. de
+Beaufort!  God bless the Coadjutor!"
+
+M. de Beaufort told the First President next day that, the State and
+royal family being in danger, every moment was precious, and that the
+offenders ought to receive condign punishment, and that therefore the
+Chambers ought to be assembled without loss of time.  Broussel attacked
+the First President with a great deal of warmth.  Eight or ten
+councillors entered immediately into the Great Chamber to testify their
+astonishment at the indolence and indifference of the House after such a
+furious conspiracy, and that so little zeal was shown to prosecute the
+criminals.  MM. de Bignon and Talon, counsel for the Crown, alarmed the
+people by declaring that as for themselves they had no hand in the
+conclusions, which were ridiculous.  The First President returned very
+calm answers, knowing well that we should have been glad to have put him
+into a passion in order to catch at some expression that might bear an
+exception in law.
+
+On Christmas Day I preached such a sermon on Christian charity, without
+mentioning the present affairs, that the women even wept for the unjust
+persecution of an archbishop who had so great a tenderness for his very
+enemies.
+
+On the 29th M. de Beaufort and I went to the Parliament House,
+accompanied by a body of three hundred gentlemen, to make it appear that
+we were more than tribunes of the people, and to screen ourselves from
+the insults of the Court party.  We posted ourselves in the Fourth
+Chamber of the Inquests, among the courtiers, with whom we conversed very
+frankly, yet upon the least noise, when the debates ran high in the Great
+Chamber, we were ready to cut one another's throats eight or ten times
+every morning.  We were all distrustful of one another, and I may venture
+to say there were not twenty persons in the House but were armed with
+daggers.  As for myself, I had resolved to take none of those weapons
+inconsistent with my character, till one day, when it was expected the
+House would be more excited than usual, and then M. de Beaufort, seeing
+one end of the weapon peeping out of my pocket, exposed it to M. le
+Prince's captain of the guards and others, saying, "See, gentlemen, the
+Coadjutor's prayer-book."  I understood the jest, but really I could not
+well digest it.  We petitioned the Parliament that the First President,
+being our sworn enemy, might be expelled the House, but it was put to the
+vote and carried by a majority of thirty-six that he should retain his
+station of judge.
+
+Paris narrowly escaped a commotion at the time of the imprisonment of
+Belot, one of the syndics of the Hotel de Ville annuitants, who, being
+arrested without a decree, President de la Grange made it appear that
+there was nothing more contrary to the declaration for which they had
+formerly so exerted themselves.  The First President maintaining the
+legality of his imprisonment, Daurat, a councillor of the Third Chamber,
+told him that he was amazed that a gentleman who was so lately near being
+expelled could be so resolute in violating the laws so flagrantly.
+Whereupon the First President rose in a passion, saying that there was
+neither order nor discipline in the House, and that he would resign his
+place to another for whom they had more respect.  This motion put the
+Great Chamber all in a ferment, which was felt in the Fourth, where the
+gentlemen of both parties hastened to support their respective sides, and
+if the most insignificant lackey had then but drawn a sword, Paris would
+have been all in an uproar.
+
+We solicited very earnestly for our trial, which they delayed as much as
+it was in their power, because they could not choose but acquit us and
+condemn the Crown witnesses.  Various were the pretences for putting it
+off, and though the informations were not of sufficient weight to hang a
+dog, yet they were read over and over at every turn to prolong the time.
+
+The public began to be persuaded of our innocence, as also the Prince de
+Conde, and M. de Bouillon told me that he very much suspected it to be a
+trick of the Cardinal's.
+
+On the 1st of January, 1650, Madame de Chevreuse, having a mind to visit
+the Queen, with whom she had carried on in all her disgrace an
+unaccountable correspondence, went to the King's Palace.  The Cardinal,
+taking her aside in the Queen's little cabinet, said to her:
+
+"You love the Queen.  Is it not possible for you to make your friends
+love her?"
+
+"How can that be?"  said she; "the Queen is no more a Queen, but a humble
+servant to M. le Prince."
+
+"Good God!" replied the Cardinal; "we might do great things if we could
+get some men into our interest.  But M. de Beaufort is at the service of
+Madame de Montbazon, and she is devoted to Vigneul and the Coadjutor;"
+at the mention of which he smiled.  "I take you, monsieur," said Madame
+de Chevreuse; "I will answer for him and for her."
+
+Thus the conversation began, and the Cardinal making a sign to the Queen,
+Madame de Chevreuse had a long conference that night with her Majesty,
+who gave her this billet for me, written and signed with her own hand:
+
+Notwithstanding what has passed and what is now doing, I cannot but
+persuade myself that M. le Coadjuteur is in my interest.  I desire to see
+him, and that nobody may know it but Madame and Mademoiselle de
+Chevreuse.  This name shall be your security.  ANNE.
+
+Being convinced that the Queen was downright angry with the Prince de
+Conde on account of a rumour spread abroad that he had some intriguing
+gallantries with her Majesty, I weighed all circumstances and returned
+the answer to the Queen:
+
+Never was there one moment of my life wherein I was not devoted to your
+Majesty.  I am so far from consulting my own safety that I would gladly
+die for your service .  .  .  I will go to any place your Majesty shall
+order me.
+
+My answer, with the Queen's letter enclosed, was carried back by Madame
+de Chevreuse and well received.  I went immediately to Court, and was
+taken up the back staircase by the Queen's train-bearer to the petit
+oratoire, where her Majesty was shut up all alone.  She showed me as much
+kindness as she could, considering her hatred against M. le Prince and
+her friendship for the Cardinal, though the latter seemed the more to
+prevail, because in speaking of the civil wars and of the Cardinal's
+friendship for me she called him "the poor Cardinal" twenty times over.
+Half an hour after, the Cardinal came in, who begged the Queen to
+dispense with the respect he owed her Majesty while he embraced me in her
+presence.  He was pleased to say he was very sorry that he could not give
+me that very moment his own cardinal's cap.  He talked so much of
+favours, gratifications, and rewards that I was obliged to explain
+myself, knowing that nothing is more destructive of new reconciliations
+than a seeming unwillingness to be obliged to those to whom you are
+reconciled.  I answered that the greatest recompense I could expect,
+though I had saved the Crown, was to have the honour of serving her
+Majesty, and I humbly prayed the Queen to give me no other recompense,
+that at least I might have the satisfaction to make her Majesty sensible
+that this was the only reward I valued.
+
+The Cardinal desired the Queen to command me to accept of the nomination
+to the cardinalate, "which," said he, "La Riviere has snatched with
+insolence and acknowledged with treachery."  I excused myself by saying
+that I had taken a resolution never to accept of the cardinalship by any
+means which seemed to have relation to the civil wars, to the end that I
+might convince the Queen that it was the most rigid necessity which had
+separated me from her service.  I rejected upon the same account all the
+other advantageous propositions he made me, and, he still insisting that
+the Queen could do no less than confer upon me something that was very
+considerable for the signal service I was likely to do her Majesty, I
+answered:
+
+"There is one point wherein the Queen can do me more good than if she
+gave me a triple crown.  Her Majesty told me just now that she will cause
+M. le Prince to be apprehended.  A person of his high rank and merit
+neither can nor ought to be always shut up in prison, for when he comes
+abroad he will be full of resentment against me, though I hope my dignity
+will be my protection.  There are a great many gentlemen engaged with me
+who, in such a juncture, would be ready to serve the Queen.  And if it
+seemed good to your Majesty to entrust one of them with some important
+employment, I should be more pleased than with ten cardinals' hats."
+
+The Cardinal told the Queen that nothing was more just, and the affair
+should be considered between him and me.
+
+We had several conferences, at which we agreed on gratifications for some
+of our friends and to arrest the Prince de Conde, the Prince de Conti,
+and the Duc de Longueville.
+
+The Cardinal took occasion to speak of the treachery of La Riviere. "This
+man," said he, "takes me to be the most stupid creature living, and
+thinks he shall be to-morrow a cardinal.  I diverted myself to-day with
+letting him try on some scarlet cloth I lately received from Italy, and I
+put it near his face to know whether a scarlet colour or carnation became
+him best."
+
+I heard from Rome that his Eminence was not behindhand with La Riviere
+upon the score of treachery.  For on the very day he got him nominated by
+the King, he wrote a letter to Cardinal Sachelli more fit to recommend
+him to a yellow cap than to a red one.  This letter, nevertheless, was
+full of tenderness for La Riviere, which Mazarin knew was the only way to
+ruin him with Pope Innocent, who hated Mazarin and all his adherents.
+
+Madame de Chevreuse undertook to see how the Duc d'Orleans would relish
+the design of imprisoning the Princes.  She told him that, though the
+Queen was not satisfied with M. le Prince, yet she could not form a
+resolution of apprehending him without the concurrence of his Royal
+Highness.  She magnified the advantages of bringing over to the King's
+service the powerful faction of the Fronde, and the daily dangers Paris
+was exposed to, both by fire and sword.  This last reason touched him as
+much or more than all, for he trembled every time he came to the
+Parliament; M. le Prince very often could not prevail upon him to go at
+all, and a fit of colic was generally assigned as the reason of his
+absence.  At length he consented, and on the 18th of January the three
+Princes were put under arrest by three officers of the Queen's Guards.
+
+The people having a notion that M. de Beaufort was apprehended, ran to
+their arms, which I caused to be laid down immediately, by marching
+through the streets with flambeaux before me.  M. de Beaufort did the
+like, and the night concluded with bonfires.
+
+The Queen sent a letter from the King to the Parliament with the reasons,
+which were neither strong nor well set out, why the Prince de Conde was
+confined.  However, we obtained a decree for our absolution.
+
+The Princesses were ordered to retire to Chantilly.  Madame de
+Longueville went towards Normandy, but found no sanctuary there, for the
+Parliament of Rouen sent her a message to desire her to depart from the
+city.  The Duc de Richelieu would not receive her into Havre, and from
+there she retired to Dieppe.
+
+M. de Bouillon, who after the peace was strongly attached to the Prince
+de Conde, went in great haste to Turenne; M. de Turenne got into Stenai;
+M. de La Rochefoucault, then Prince de Marsillac, returned home to
+Poitou; and Marechal de Breze, father-in-law to the Prince de Conde, went
+to Saumur.
+
+There was a declaration published and registered in Parliament against
+them, whereby they were ordered to wait on the King within fifteen days,
+upon pain of being proceeded against as disturbers of the public peace
+and guilty of high treason.
+
+The Court carried all before them.  Madame de Longueville, upon the King
+going into Normandy, escaped by sea into Holland, whence she went
+afterwards to Arras, to try La Tour, one of her husband's pensioners, who
+offered her his person, but refused her the place.  She repaired at last
+to Stenai, whither M. de Turenne went to meet her, with all the friends
+and servants of the confined Princes that he could muster.  The King went
+from Normandy to Burgundy, and returned to Paris crowned with laurels of
+victory.
+
+The Princess-dowager, who had been ordered to retire to Bourges, came
+with a petition to Parliament, praying for their protection to stay in
+Paris, and that she might have justice done her for the illegal
+confinement of the Princes her children.  She fell at the feet of the Duc
+d'Orleans, begged the protection of the Duc de Beaufort, and said to me
+that she had the honour to be my kinswoman.  M. de Beaufort was very much
+perplexed what to do, and I was nearly ready to die for shame; but we
+could do nothing for her, and she was obliged to go to Valery.
+
+Several private annuitants, who had made a noise in the assemblies at the
+Hotel de Ville, were afraid of being called to account, and therefore,
+after M. le Prince was arrested, they desired me to procure a general
+amnesty.  I spoke about it to the Cardinal, who seemed very pliable, and,
+showing me his hatband, which was 'a la mode de la Fronde', said he hoped
+himself to be comprised in that amnesty; but he shuffled it off so long
+that it was not published and registered in Parliament till the 12th of
+May, and it would not have been obtained then had not I threatened
+vigorously to prosecute the Crown witnesses, of which they were mightily
+apprehensive, being so conscious of the heinousness of their crime that
+two of them had already made their escape.
+
+The present calm hardly deserved that name, for the storm of war began to
+rise again in several places at once.
+
+Madame de Longueville and M. de Turenne made a treaty with the Spaniards,
+and the latter joined their army, which entered Picardy and besieged
+Guise, after having taken Catelet; but for want of provisions the
+Archduke was obliged to raise the siege.  M. de Turenne levied troops
+with Spanish money, and was joined by the greater part of the officers
+commanding the soldiers that went under the name of the Prince's troops.
+
+The wretched conduct of M. d'Epernon had so confounded the affairs of
+Guienne that nothing but his removal could retrieve them.
+
+One of the greatest mischiefs which the despotic authority of ministers
+has occasioned in the world in these later times is a practice,
+occasioned by their own private mistaken interests, of always supporting
+superiors against their inferiors.  It is a maxim borrowed from
+Machiavelli, whom few understand, and whom too many cry up for an able
+man because he was always wicked.  He was very far from being a complete
+statesman, and was frequently out in his politics, but I think never more
+grossly mistaken than in this maxim, which I observed as a great weakness
+in Mazarin, who was therefore the less qualified to settle the affairs of
+Guienne, which were in so much confusion that I believe if the good sense
+of Jeannin and Villeroi had been infused into the brains of Cardinal de
+Richelieu, it would not have been sufficient to set them right.
+
+Senneterre, perceiving that Cardinal Mazarin and I were not cordial
+friends, undertook to reconcile us, and for that end took me to the
+Cardinal, who embraced me very tenderly, said he laid his heart upon the
+table, that was one of his usual phrases,--and protested he would talk as
+freely to me as if I were his own son.  I did not believe a word of what
+he said, but I assured his Eminence that I would speak to him as if he
+were my father, and I was as good as my word.  I told him I had no
+personal interest in view but to disengage myself from the public
+disturbances without any private advantage, and that for the same reason
+I thought myself obliged to come off with reputation and honour. I
+desired him to consider that my age and want of skill in public affairs
+could not give him any jealousy that I aimed to be the First Minister. I
+conjured him to consider also that the influence I had over the people of
+Paris, supported by mere necessity, did rather reflect disgrace than
+honour upon my dignity, and that he ought to believe that this one reason
+was enough to make me impatient to be rid of all these public broils,
+besides a thousand other inconveniences arising every moment, which
+disgusted me with faction.  And as for the dignity of cardinal, which
+might peradventure give him some umbrage, I could tell him very sincerely
+what had been and what was still my notion of this dignity, which I once
+foolishly imagined would be more honourable for me to despise than to
+enjoy.  I mentioned this circumstance to let him see that in my tender
+years I was no admirer of the purple, and not very fond of it now,
+because I was persuaded that an Archbishop of Paris could hardly miss
+obtaining that dignity some time or other, according to form, by actions
+purely ecclesiastical; and that he should be loth to use any other means
+to procure it.
+
+I said that I should be extremely sorry if my purple were stained with
+the least drop of blood spilt in the civil wars; that I was resolved to
+clear my hands of everything that savoured of intrigue before I would
+make or suffer any step which had any tendency that way; that he knew
+that for the same reason I would neither accept money nor abbeys, and
+that, consequently, I was engaged by the public declarations I had made
+upon all those heads to serve the Queen without any interest; that the
+only end I had in view, and in which I never wavered, was to come off
+with honour, so that I might resume the spiritual functions belonging to
+my profession with safety; that I desired nothing from him but the
+accomplishment of an affair which would be more for the King's service
+than for my particular interest; that he knew that the day after the
+arrest of the Prince he sent me with his promise to the annuitants of the
+Hotel de Ville, and that for want of performance those men were persuaded
+that I was in concert with the Court to deceive them.  Lastly, I told him
+that the access I had to the Duc d'Orleans might perhaps give him
+umbrage, but I desired him to consider that I never sought that honour,
+and that I was very sensible of the inconveniences attending it. I
+enlarged upon this head, which is the most difficult point to be
+understood by Prime Ministers, who are so fond of being freely admitted
+into a Prince's presence that, notwithstanding all the experience in the
+world, they cannot help thinking that therein consists the essence of
+happiness.
+
+When truth has come to a certain point, it darts such powerful rays of
+light as are irresistible, but I never knew a man who had so little
+regard for truth as Mazarin.  He seemed, however, more regardful of it
+than usual, and I laid hold of the occasion to tell him of the dangerous
+consequences of the disturbances of Guienne, and that if he continued to
+support M. d'Epernon, the Prince's faction would not let this opportunity
+slip; that if the Parliament of Bordeaux should engage in their party, it
+would not be long before that of Paris would do the same; that, after the
+late conflagration in this metropolis, he could not suppose but that
+there was still some fire hidden under the ashes; and that the factious
+party had reason to fear the heavy punishment to which the whole body of
+them was liable, as we ourselves were two or three months ago.  The
+Cardinal began to yield, especially when he was told that M. de Bouillon
+began to make a disturbance in the Limousin, where M. de La Rochefoucault
+had joined him with some troops.
+
+To confirm our reconciliation, a marriage was proposed between my niece
+and his nephew, to which he, gave his consent; but I was much averse to
+it, being not yet resolved to bury my family in that of Mazarin, nor did
+I set so great a value on grandeur as to purchase it with the public
+odium.  However, it produced no animosity on either side, and his friends
+knew that I should be very glad to be employed in making a general peace;
+they acted their parts so well that the Cardinal, whose love-fit for me
+lasted about a fortnight, promised me, as it were of his own accord, that
+I should be gratified.
+
+News came about this time from Guienne that the Ducs de Bouillon and de
+La Rochefoucault had taken Madame la Princesse into Bordeaux, together
+with M. le Duc, her son.  The Parliament was not displeased with the
+people for receiving into their city M. le Duc, yet they observed more
+decorum than could be expected from the inhabitants of Gascogne, so
+irritated as they were against M. d'Epernon.  They ordered that Madame la
+Princesse, M. le Duc, MM. de Bouillon and de La Rochefoucault should have
+liberty to stay in Bordeaux, provided they would promise to undertake
+nothing against the King's service, and that the petition of Madame la
+Princesse should be sent to the King with a most humble remonstrance from
+the Parliament against the confinement of the Princes.
+
+At the same time, one of the Presidents sent word to Senneterre that the
+Parliament was not so far enraged but that they would still remember
+their loyalty to the King, provided he did but remove M. d'Epernon.  But
+in case of any further delay he would not answer for the Parliament, and
+much less for the people, who, being now managed and supported by the
+Prince's party, would in a little time make themselves masters of the
+Parliament.  Senneterre did what he could to induce the Cardinal to make
+good use of this advice, and M. de Chateauneuf, who was now Chancellor,
+talked wonderfully well upon the point, but seeing the Cardinal gave no
+return to his reasons but by exclaiming against the Parliament of
+Bordeaux for sheltering men condemned by the King's declaration, he said
+to him very plainly, "Set out to-morrow, monsieur, if you do not arrange
+matters to-day; you should have been by this time upon the Garonne."
+
+The event proved that Chateauneuf was in the right, for though the
+Parliament was very excited, they stood out a long time against the
+madness of the people, spurred on by M. de Bouillon, and issued a decree
+ordering an envoy of Spain, who was sent thither to commence a treaty
+with the Duc de Bouillon, to depart the city, and forbade any of their
+body to visit such as had correspondence with Spain, the Princess herself
+not excepted.  Moreover, the mob having undertaken to force the
+Parliament to unite with the Princes, the Parliament armed the
+magistracy, who fired upon the people and made them retire.
+
+A little time before the King departed for Guienne, which was in the
+beginning of July, word came that the Parliament of Bordeaux had
+consented to a union with the Princes, and had sent a deputy to the
+Parliament of Paris, who had orders to see neither the King nor the
+ministers, and that the whole province was disposed for a revolt.  The
+Cardinal was in extreme consternation, and commended himself to the
+favour of the meanest man of the Fronde with the greatest suppleness
+imaginable.
+
+As soon as the King came to the neighbourhood of Bordeaux the deputies of
+Parliament, who went to meet the Court at Lebourne, were peremptorily
+commanded to open the gates of the city to the King and to all his
+troops.  They answered that one of their privileges was to guard the King
+themselves while he was in any of their towns.  Upon this, Marechal de La
+Meilleraye seized the castle of Vaire, in the command of Pichon, whom the
+Cardinal ordered to be hanged; and M. de Bouillon hanged an officer in
+Meilleraye's army by way of reprisal.
+
+After that the Marshal besieged the city in form, which, despairing of
+succour from Spain, was forced to capitulate upon the following terms:
+
+That a general pardon should be granted to all who had taken up arms and
+treated with Spain, that all the soldiers should be disbanded except
+those whom the King had a mind to keep in his pay, that Madame la
+Princesse and the Duke should be at liberty to reside either in Anjou or
+at Mouzon, with no more than two hundred foot and sixty horse, and that
+M. d'Epernon should be recalled from the government of Guienne.
+
+The Princess had an interview with both the King and Queen, at which
+there were great conferences between the Cardinal and the Ducs de
+Bouillon and de La Rochefoucault.
+
+The deputy from Bordeaux, arriving at Paris soon after the King's
+departure, went immediately, to Parliament, and, after an eloquent
+harangue, presented a letter from the Parliament of Bordeaux, together
+with their decrees, and demanded a union between the two Parliaments.
+After some debates it was resolved that the deputy should deliver his
+credentials in writing, which should be presented to his Majesty by the
+deputies of the Parliament of Paris, who would, at the same time, most
+humbly beseech the Queen to restore peace to Guienne.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans was against debating about the petition to the Queen
+for the liberation of the Priuces and the banishment of Cardinal Mazarin;
+nevertheless, many of the members voted for it, upon a motion made by the
+President Viole, who was a warm partisan of the Prince de Conde, not
+because he had hopes of carrying it, but on purpose to embarrass M. de
+Beaufort and myself upon a subject of which we did not care to speak, and
+yet did not dare to be altogether silent about, without passing in some
+measure for Mazarinists.  President Viole did the Prince a great deal of
+service on this occasion, for Bourdet a brave soldier, who had been
+captain of the Guards and was attached to the interest of the
+Prince--performed an action which emboldened the party very much, though
+it had no success.  He dressed himself and fourscore other officers of
+his troops in mason's clothes, and having assembled many of the dregs of
+the people, to whom he had distributed money, came directly to the Duc
+d'Orleans as he was going out, and cried, "No Mazarin!  God bless the
+Princes!"  His Royal Highness, at this apparition and the firing of a
+brace of pistols at the same time by Bourdet, ran to the Great Chamber;
+but M. de Beaufort stood his ground so well with the Duke's guards and
+our men, that Bourdet was repulsed and thrown down the Parliament stairs.
+
+But the confusion in the Great Chamber was still worse.  There were daily
+assemblies, wherein the Cardinal was severely attacked, and the Prince's
+party had the pleasure of exposing us as his accomplices.  What is very
+strange is that at the same time the Cardinal and his friends accused us
+of corresponding with the Parliament of Bordeaux, because we maintained,
+in case the Court did not adjust affairs there, we would infallibly bring
+the Parliament of Paris into the interest of the Prince.  If I were at
+the point of death I should have no need to be confessed on account of my
+behaviour on this occasion.  I acted with as much sincerity in this
+juncture as if I had been the Cardinal's nephew, though really it was not
+out of any love to him, but because I thought myself obliged in prudence
+to oppose the progress of the Prince's faction, owing to the foolish
+conduct of his enemies; and to this end I was obliged to oppose the
+flattery of the Cardinal's tools as much as the efforts made by those who
+were in the service of the Prince.
+
+On the 3d of September President Bailleul returned with the other
+deputies, and made a report in Parliament of his journey to Court; it
+was, in brief, that the Queen thanked the Parliament for their good
+intentions, and had commanded them to assure the Parliament in her name
+that she was ready to restore peace to Guienne, and that it would have
+been done before now had not M. de Bouillon, who had treated with the
+Spaniards, made himself master of Bordeaux, and thereby cut off the
+effects of his Majesty's goodness.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans informed the House that he had received a letter from
+the Archduke, signifying that the King of Spain having sent him full
+powers to treat for a general peace, he desired earnestly to negotiate it
+with him.  But his Royal Highness added that he did not think it proper
+to return him any answer till he had the opinion of the Parliament.  The
+trumpeter who brought the letter gathered a party at Tiroir cross, and
+spoke very seditious words to the people.  The next day they found libels
+posted up and down the city in the name of M. de Turenne, setting forth
+that the Archduke was coming with no other disposition than to make
+peace, and in one of them were these words: "It is your business,
+Parisians, to solicit your false tribunes, who have turned at last
+pensioners and protectors of Mazarin, who have for so long a time sported
+with your fortunes and repose, and spurred you on, kept you back, and
+made you hot or cold, according to the caprices and different progress of
+their ambition."
+
+You see the state and condition the Frondeurs were in at this juncture,
+when they could not move one step but to their own disadvantage.  The Duc
+d'Orleans spoke to me that night with a great deal of bitterness against
+the Cardinal, which he had never done before, and said he had been
+tricked by him twice, and that he was ruining himself, the State, and all
+of us, and would, by so doing, place the Prince de Conde upon the throne.
+In short, Monsieur owned that it was not yet time to humble the Cardinal.
+"Therefore," said M. Bellievre, "let us be upon our guard; this man can
+give us the slip any moment."
+
+Next day a letter was sent from the Prince de Conde, by the Baron de
+Verderonne, to the Archduke, desiring him to name the time, place and
+persons for a treaty.  The Baron returned with a letter from the Archduke
+to his Royal Highness, desiring that the conferences might be held
+between Rheims and Rhetel, and that they might meet there personally,
+with such others as they should think fit to bring with them.  The Court
+was surprised, but, however, did not think fit to delay sending full
+powers to his Royal Highness to treat for peace on such terms as he
+thought reasonable and advantageous for the King's service; and there
+were joined with him, though in subordination, MM. Mole, the First
+President, d'Avaux, and myself, with the title of Ambassadors
+Extraordinary and Plenipotentiaries.  M. d'Avaux obliged me to assure Don
+Gabriel de Toledo, in private, that if the Spaniards would but come to
+reasonable terms, we would conclude a peace with them in two days' time.
+And his Royal Highness said that Don Gabriel being a lover of money, I
+should promise him for his part 100,000 crowns if the conference that was
+proposed ended in a peace, and bid him tell the Archduke that, if the
+Spaniards proposed reasonable terms, he would sign and have them
+registered in Parliament before Mazarin should know anything of the
+matter.
+
+Don Gabriel received the overture with joy; he had some particular
+fancies, but Fuensaldagne, who had a particular kindness for him, said
+that he was the wisest fool he ever saw in his life.  I have remarked
+more than once that this sort of man cannot persuade, but can insinuate
+perfectly well, and that the talent of insinuation is of more service
+than that of persuasion, because one may insinuate to a hundred where one
+can hardly persuade five.
+
+The King of England, after having lost the battle of Worcester, arrived
+in Paris the day that Don Gabriel set out, the 13th of September, 1651.
+My Lord Taff was his great chamberlain, valet de chambre, clerk of the
+kitchen, cup-bearer, and all,--an equipage answerable to his Court, for
+his Majesty had not changed his shirt all the way from England.  Upon his
+arrival at Paris, indeed, he had one lent him by my Lord Jermyn; but the
+Queen, his mother, had not money to buy him another for the next day. The
+Duc d'Orleans went to compliment his Majesty upon his arrival, but it was
+not in my power to persuade his Royal Highness to give his nephew one
+penny, because, said he, "a little would not be worth his acceptance, and
+a great deal would engage me to do as much hereafter."  This leads me to
+make the following digression: that there is nothing so wretched as to be
+a minister to a Prince, and, at the same time, not his favourite; for it
+is his favour only that gives one a power over the more minute concerns
+of the family, for which the public does, nevertheless, think a minister
+accountable when they, see he has power over affairs of far greater
+consequence.
+
+Therefore I was not in a condition to oblige his Royal Highness by
+assisting the King of England with a thousand pistoles, for which I was
+horridly, ashamed, both upon his account anal my own; but I borrowed
+fifteen hundred for him from M. Morangis, and carried them to my Lord
+Taff.--[Lord Clarendon extols the civilities of Cardinal de Retz to King
+Charles II., and has reported a curious conversation which the Cardinal
+had with that Prince.]--It is remarkable that the same night, as I was
+going home, I met one Tilney, an Englishman whom I had formerly known at
+Rome, who told me that Vere, a great Parliamentarian and a favourite of
+Cromwell, had arrived in Paris and had orders to see me.  I was a little
+puzzled; however, I judged it would be improper to refuse him an
+interview.  Vere gave me a brief letter from Cromwell in the nature of
+credentials, importing that the sentiments I had enunciated in the
+"Defence of Public Liberty" added to my reputation, and had induced
+Cromwell to desire to enter with me into the strictest friendship.  The
+letter was in the main wonderfully civil and complaisant.  I answered it
+with a great deal of respect, but in such a manner as became a true
+Catholic and an honest Frenchman.  Vere appeared to be a man of
+surprising abilities.
+
+I now return to our own affairs.  I was told as a mighty secret that
+Tellier had orders from the Cardinal to remove the Princes from the Bois
+de Vincennes if the enemy were likely to come near the place, and that he
+should endeavour by all means to procure the consent of the Duc d'Orleans
+for that end; but that, in case of refusal, these orders should be
+executed notwithstanding, and that he should endeavour to gain me to
+these measures by the means of Madame de Chevreuse.  When Tellier came to
+me I assured him that it was all one, both to me and the Duc d'Orleans,
+whether the Princes were removed or not, but since my opinion was
+desired, I must declare that I think nothing can be more contrary to the
+true interest of the King; "for," said I, "the Spaniards must gain a
+battle before they can come to Vincennes, and when there they must have a
+flying camp to invest the place before they can deliver the Princes from
+confinement, and therefore I am convinced that there is no necessity for
+their removal, and I do affirm that all unnecessary changes in matters
+which are in themselves disagreeable are pernicious, because odious. I
+will maintain, further, that there is less reason to fear the Duc
+d'Orleans and the Frondeurs than to dread the Spaniards.  Suppose that
+his Royal Highness is more disaffected towards the Court than anybody;
+suppose further that M. de Beaufort and I have a mind to relieve the
+Princes, in what way could we do it?  Is not the whole garrison in that
+castle in the King's service?  Has his Royal Highness any regular troops
+to besiege Vincennes?  And, granting the Frondeurs to be the greatest
+fools imaginable, will they expose the people of Paris at a siege which
+two thousand of the King's troops might raise in a quarter of an hour
+though it consist of a hundred thousand citizens?  I therefore conclude
+that the removal would be altogether impolitic.  Does it not look rather
+as if the Cardinal feigns apprehension of the Spaniards only as a
+pretence to make himself master of the Princes, and to dispose of their
+persons at pleasure?  The generality of the people, being Frondeurs, will
+conclude you take the Prince de Conde out of their hands,--whom they look
+upon to be safe while they see him walking upon the battlements of his
+prison,--and that you will give him his liberty when you please, and thus
+enable him to besiege Paris a second time.  On the other hand, the
+Prince's party will improve this removal very much to their own advantage
+by the compassion such a spectacle will raise in the people when they see
+three Princes dragged in chains from one prison to another.  I was really
+mistaken just now when I said the case was all one to me, for I see that
+I am nearly concerned, because the people--in which word I include the
+Parliament will cry out against it; I must be then obliged, for my own
+safety, to say I did not approve of the resolution.  Then the Court will
+be informed that I find fault with it, and not only that, but that I do
+it in order to raise the mob and discredit the Cardinal, which, though
+ever so false; yet in consequence the people will firmly believe it, and
+thus I shall meet with the same treatment I met with in the beginning of
+the late troubles, and what I even now experience in relation to the
+affairs of Guienne.  I am said to be the cause of these troubles because
+I foretold them, and I was said to encourage the revolt at Bordeaux
+because I was against the conduct that occasioned it."
+
+Tellier, in the Queen's name, thanked me for my unresisting disposition,
+and made the same proposal to his Royal Highness; upon which I spoke, not
+to second Tellier, who pleaded for the necessity of the removal, to which
+I could by no means be reconciled, but to make it evident to his Royal
+Highness that he was not in any way concerned in it in his own private
+capacity, and that, in case the Queen did command it positively, it was
+his duty to obey.  M. de Beaufort opposed it so furiously as to offer the
+Duc d'Orleans to attack the guards which were to remove him.  I had solid
+reasons to dissuade him from it, to the last of which he submitted, it
+being an argument which I had from the Queen's own mouth when she set out
+for Guienne, that Bar offered to assassinate the Princes if it should
+happen that he was not in a condition to hinder their escape.  I was
+astonished when her Majesty trusted me with this secret, and imagined
+that the Cardinal had possessed her with a fear that the Frondeurs had a
+design to seize the person of the Prince de Conde.  For my part, I never
+dreamed of such a thing in my life.  The Ducs d'Orleans and de Beaufort
+were both shocked at the thought of it, and, in short, it was agreed that
+his Royal Highness should give his consent for the removal, and that M.
+de Beaufort and myself should not give it out among the people that we
+approved of it.
+
+The day that the Princes were removed to Marcoussi, President Bellievre
+told the Keeper of the Seals in plain terms, that if he continued to
+treat me as he had done hitherto, he should be obliged in honour to give
+his testimony to the truth.  To which the Keeper of the Seals returned
+this blunt answer: "The Princes are no longer in sight of Paris; the
+Coadjutor must not therefore talk so loud."
+
+I return now to the Parliament, which was so moderate at this time that
+the Cardinal was hardly mentioned, and they agreed, 'nemine
+contradicente', that the Parliament should send deputies to Bordeaux to
+know once for all if that Parliament was for peace or not.
+
+Soon after this the Parliament of Toulouse wrote to that of Paris
+concerning the disturbances in Guienne, part whereof belonged to their
+jurisdiction, and expressly demanded a decree of union.  But the Duc
+d'Orleans warded off the blow very dexterously, which was of great
+consequence, and, more by his address than by his authority, brought the
+Parliament to dismiss the deputies with civil answers and insignificant
+expressions, upon which President Bellievre said to me, "What pleasure
+should we not take in acting as we do if it were for persons that had but
+the sense to appreciate it!"
+
+The Parliament did not continue long in that calm.  They passed a decree
+to interrogate the State prisoners in the Bastille, broke out sometimes
+like a whirlwind, with thunder and lightning, against Cardinal Mazarin;
+at other times they complained of the misapplication of the public funds.
+We had much ado to ward off the blows, and should not have been able to
+hold out long against the fury of the waves but for the news of the Peace
+of Bordeaux, which was registered there on October the 1st, 1650, and put
+the Prince de Conde's party into consternation.
+
+One mean artifice of Cardinal Mazarin's polity was always to entertain
+some men of our own party, with whom, half reconciled, he played fast and
+loose before our eyes, and was eternally negotiating with them, deceiving
+and being deceived in his turn.  The consequence of all this was a great,
+thick cloud, wherein the Frondeurs themselves were at last involved; but
+which they burst with a thunderclap.
+
+The Cardinal, being puffed up with his success in settling the troubles
+of Guienne, thought of nothing else than crowning his triumph by
+chastising the Frondeurs, who, he said, had made use of the King's
+absence to alienate the Duc d'Orleans from his service, to encourage the
+revolt at Bordeaux, and to make themselves masters of the persons of the
+Princes.  At the same time, he told the Princess Palatine that he
+detested the cruel hatred I bore to the Prince de Conde, and that the
+propositions I made daily to him on that score were altogether unworthy
+of a Christian.  Yet he suggested to the Duc d'Orleans that I made great
+overtures to him to be reconciled to the Court, but that he could not
+trust me, because I was from morning to night negotiating with the
+friends of the Prince de Conde.  Thus the Cardinal rewarded me for what I
+did with incredible application and, I must say, uncommon sincerity for
+the Queen's service during the Court's absence.  I do not mention the
+dangers I was in twice or thrice a day, surpassing even those of soldiers
+in battles.  For imagine, I beseech you, what pain and anguish I must
+have been in at hearing myself called a Mazarinist, and at having to bear
+all the odium annexed to that hateful appellation in a city where he made
+it his business to destroy me in the opinion of a Prince whose nature it
+was to be always in fear and to trust none but such as hoped to rise by
+my fall.
+
+The Cardinal gave himself such airs after the peace at Bordeaux that some
+said my best way would be to retire before the King's return.
+
+Cardinal Mazarin had been formerly secretary to Pancirole, the Pope's
+nuncio for the peace of Italy, whom he betrayed, and it was proved that
+he had a secret correspondence with the Governor of Milan.  Pancirole,
+being created cardinal and Secretary of State to the Church, did not
+forget the perfidiousness of his secretary, now created cardinal by Pope
+Urban, at the request of Cardinal de Richelieu, and did not at all
+endeavour to qualify the anger which Pope Innocent had conceived against
+Mazarin after the assassination of one of his nephews, in conjunction
+with Cardinal Anthony.
+
+[Anthony Barberini, nephew to Urban VIII., created Cardinal 1628, made
+Protector of the Crown of France 1633, and Great Almoner of the Kingdom
+1653.  He was afterwards Bishop of Poitiers, and, lastly, Archbishop of
+Rheims in 1657.  Died 1671.]
+
+Pancirole, who thought he could not affront Mazarin more than by
+contributing to make me cardinal, did me all the kind offices with Pope
+Innocent, who gave him leave to treat with me in that affair.
+
+Madame de Chevreuse told the Queen all that she had observed in my
+conduct in the King's absence, and what she had seen was certainly one
+continued series of considerable services done to the Queen.
+
+She recounted at last all the injustice done me, the contempt put upon
+me, and the just grounds of my diffidence, which, she said, of necessity
+ought to be removed, and that the only means of removing it was the hat.
+The Queen was in a passion at this.  The Cardinal defended himself, not
+by an open denial, for he had offered it me several times, but by
+recommending patience, intimating that a great monarch should be forced
+to nothing.  Monsieur, seconding Madame de Chevreuse in her attack,
+assailed the Cardinal, who, at least in appearance, gave way, out of
+respect for his Royal Highness.  Madame de Chevreuse, having brought them
+to parley, did not doubt that she should also bring them to capitulate,
+especially when she saw the Queen was appeased, and had told his Royal
+Highness that she was infinitely obliged to him, and would do what her
+Council judged most proper and reasonable.  This Council, which was only
+a specious name, consisted only of the Cardinal, the Keeper of the Seals,
+Tellier, and Servien.
+
+The matter was proposed to the Council by the Cardinal with much
+importunity, concluding with a most submissive petition to the Queen to
+condescend to the demand of the Duc d'Orleans, and to what the services
+and merits of the Coadjutor demanded.  The proposition was rejected with
+such resolution and contempt as is very unusual in Council in opposition
+to a Prime Minister.  Tellier and Servien thought it sufficient not to
+applaud him; but the Keeper of the Seals quite forgot his respect for the
+Cardinal, accused him of prevarication and weakness, and threw himself at
+her Majesty's feet, conjuring her in the name of the King her son, not to
+authorise, by an example which he called fatal, the insolence of a
+subject who was for wresting favours from his sovereign, sword in hand.
+The Queen was moved at this, and the poor Cardinal owned he had been too
+easy and pliant.
+
+I had myself given a very natural handle to my adversaries to expose me
+so egregiously.  I have been guilty of many blunders, but I think this is
+the grossest that I ever was guilty of in all my life.  I have frequently
+made this observation, that when men have, through fear of miscarriage,
+hesitated a long time about any undertaking of consequence, the remaining
+impressions of their fear commonly push them afterwards with too much
+precipitancy upon the execution of their design.  And this was my case.
+It was with the greatest reluctance that I determined to accept the
+dignity of a cardinal, because I thought it too mean to form a pretension
+to it without certainty of success; and no sooner was I engaged in the
+pursuit of it but the impression of the former fearful ideas hurried me
+on, as it were, to the end, that I might get as soon as possible out of
+the disagreeable state of uncertainty.
+
+The Cardinal would have paid my debts, given me the place of Grand
+Almoner, etc.; but if he had added twelve cardinals' hats into the
+bargain, I should have begged his excuse.  I was now engaged with
+Monsieur, who had, meanwhile, resolved upon the release of the Princes
+from their confinement.
+
+Cardinal Mazarin, after his return to Paris, made it his chief study to
+divide the Fronde.  He thought to materially weaken my interest with
+Monsieur by detaching from me Madame de Chevreuse, for whom he had a
+natural tenderness, and to give me a mortal blow by embroiling me with
+Mademoiselle her daughter.  To do this effectually he found a rival, who,
+he hoped, would please her better, namely, M. d'Aumale, handsome as
+Apollo, and one who was very likely to suit the temper of Mademoiselle de
+Chevreuse.  He had entirely devoted himself to the Cardinal's interest,
+looked upon himself as very much honoured by this commission, and haunted
+the Palace of Chevreuse so diligently that I did not doubt but that he
+was sent thither to act the second part of the comedy which had
+miscarried so shamefully in the hands of M. de Candale.  I watched all
+his movements, and complained to Mademoiselle de Chevreuse, but she gave
+me indirect answers.  I began to be out of humour, and was soon appeased.
+I grew peevish again; and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse saying in his
+presence, to please me and to sting him, that she could not imagine how
+it was possible to bear a silly fellow, "Pardon me, mademoiselle,"
+replied I, "we suffer fops sometimes very patiently for the sake of their
+extravagances."  This man was notoriously foppish and extravagant.  My
+answer pleased, and we soon got rid of him at the Palace of Chevreuse.
+But he thought to have despatched me, for he hired one Grandmaison, a
+ruffian, to assassinate me, who apprised me of his design.  The first
+time I met M. d'Aumale, which was at the Duc d'Orleans's house, I did not
+fail to let him know it; but I told it him in a whisper, saying that I
+had too much respect for the House of Savoy to publish it to the world.
+He denied the fact, but in such a manner as to make it more evident,
+because he conjured me to keep it secret.  I gave him my word, and I kept
+it.
+
+Madame de Guemenee, with whom I had several quarrels, proposed to the
+Queen likewise to despatch me, by shutting me up in a greenhouse in her
+garden, which she might easily have done, because I often went to her
+alone by night; but the Cardinal, fearing that the people would have
+suspected him as the author of my sudden disappearance, would not enter
+into the project, so it was dropped.
+
+To return to our negotiations for the freedom of the Princes.  The Duc
+d'Orleans was with much difficulty induced to sign the treaty by which a
+marriage was stipulated between Mademoiselle de Chevreuse and the Prince
+de Conti, and to promise not to oppose my promotion to the dignity of a
+cardinal.  The Princes were as active in the whole course of these
+negotiations as if they had been at liberty.  We wrote to them, and they
+to us, and a regular correspondence between Paris and Lyons was never
+better established than ours.  Bar, their warder, was a very shallow
+fellow; besides, men of sense are sometimes outwitted.
+
+[Bar was, according to M. Joly, an unsociable man, who was for raising
+his fortune by using the Princes badly, and who, on this account, was
+often the dupe of Montreuil, secretary to the Prince de Conti.--See
+JOLY'S "Memoirs," vol. i., p. 88.]
+
+Cardinal Mazarin, upon his return with the King from Guienne, was greatly
+pleased with the acclamations of the mob, but he soon grew weary of them,
+for the Frondeurs still kept the wall.
+
+The Cardinal being continually provoked at Paris by the Abbe Fouquet, who
+sought to make himself necessary, and being so vain as to think himself
+qualified to command an army, marched abruptly out of Paris for
+Champagne, with a design to retake Rhetel and Chateau-Portien, of which
+the enemy were possessed, and where M. de Turenne proposed to winter.
+
+On the feast of Saint Martin, the First President and the
+Attorney-General Talon exhorted the Parliament to be peaceable, that the
+enemies of the State might have no advantage.  A petition was read from
+Madame la Princesse, desiring that the Princes should be brought to the
+Louvre and remain in the custody, of one of the King's officers, and that
+the Solicitor-General be sent for to say what he had to allege against
+their innocence, and that in case he should have nothing solid to offer
+they be set at liberty.
+
+The Chambers, being assembled on the 7th of December, to take the affair
+into consideration, Talon, the Attorney-General, informed the House that
+the Queen had sent for the King's Council, and ordered them to let the
+Parliament know that it was her pleasure that the House should not take
+any cognisance of the Princess's petition, because everything that had
+relation to the confinement of the Princes belonged to the royal
+authority.  Talon made a motion that the Parliament should depute some
+members to carry the petition to the Queen, and to beseech her Majesty to
+take it into her consideration.  At the same time another petition was
+presented from Mademoiselle de Longueville, for the liberty of the Duke
+her father, and that she might have leave to stay in Paris to solicit it.
+
+No sooner was this petition read than a letter from the three Princes was
+presented and read, praying that they might be brought to trial or set at
+liberty.
+
+On the 9th day of the month an order was brought to the Parliament from
+the King, commanding the House to suspend all deliberations on this
+subject till they had first sent their deputies to Court to know his
+Majesty's pleasure.
+
+Deputies were sent immediately, to whom, accordingly, the Queen gave
+audience in bed, telling them that she was very much indisposed.  The
+Keeper of the Seals added that it was the King's pleasure that the
+Parliament should not meet at all until such time as the Queen his mother
+had recovered her health.
+
+On the 10th the House resolved to adjourn only to the 14th, and on that
+day a general procession was proposed to the Archbishop by the Dean of
+Parliament, to beg that God would inspire them with such counsels only as
+might be for the good of the public.
+
+On the 14th they received the King's letter, forbidding their debates,
+and informing them that the Queen would satisfy them very speedily about
+the affair of the Princes; but this letter was disregarded.  They sent a
+deputation to invite the Duc d'Orleans to come to the House, but, after
+consulting with the Queen, he told the deputies that he did not care to
+go, that the Assembly was too noisy, that he could not divine what they
+would be at, that the affairs in debate were never known to fall under
+their cognisance, and that they had nothing else to do but to refer the
+said petitions to the Queen.
+
+On the 18th news came that Marechal du Plessis had gained a signal
+victory over M. de Turenne, who was coming to succour Rhetel, but found
+it already surrendered to Marechal du Plessis; and the Spanish garrison,
+endeavouring to retreat, was forced to an engagement on the plains of
+Saumepuis; that about 2,000 men were killed upon the spot, among the rest
+a brother of the Elector Palatine, and six colonels, and that there were
+nearly 4,000 prisoners, the most considerable of whom were several
+persons of note, and all the colonels, besides twenty colours and
+eighty-four standards.  You may easily guess at the consternation of the
+Princes' party; my house was all night filled with the lamentations of
+despairing mourners, and I found the Duc d'Orleans, as it were, struck
+dumb.
+
+On the 19th, as I went to the Parliament House, the people looked
+melancholy, dejected, and frightened out of their wits.  The members were
+afraid to open their mouths, and nobody would mention the name of Mazarin
+except Menardeau Champre, who spoke of him with encomiums, by giving him
+the honour of the victory of Rhetel, and then he moved the House to
+entreat the Queen to put the Princes into the hands of that good and wise
+Minister, who would be as careful of them as he had been hitherto of the
+State.  I wondered most of all that this man was not hissed in the House,
+and especially as he passed through the Great Hall.  This circumstance,
+together with what I saw that afternoon in every street, convinced me how
+much our friends were dispirited, and I therefore resolved next day to
+raise their courage.  I knew the First President to be purblind, and such
+men greedily swallow every new fact which confirms them in their first
+impression.  I knew likewise the Cardinal to be a man that supposed
+everybody had a back door.  The only way of dealing with men of that
+stamp is to make them believe that you design to deceive those whom you
+earnestly endeavour to serve.
+
+For this reason, on the 20th, I declaimed against the disorders of the
+State, and showed that it having pleased Almighty God to bless his
+Majesty's arms and to remove the public enemy from our frontiers by the
+victory gained over them by Marechal du Plessis, we ought now to apply
+ourselves seriously to the healing of internal wounds of the State, which
+are the more dangerous because they are less obvious.  To this I thought
+fit to add that I was obliged to mention the general oppression of the
+subjects at a time when we had nothing more to fear from the lately
+routed Spaniards; that, as one of the props of the public safety was the
+preservation of the royal family, I could not without the utmost concern
+see the Princes breathe the unwholesome air of Havre-de-Grace, and that I
+was of opinion that the House should humbly entreat the King to remove
+them, at least to some place more healthy.  At this speech everybody
+regained their courage and concluded that all was not yet lost.  It was
+observed that the people's countenances were altered.  Those in the Great
+Hall resumed their former zeal, made the usual acclamations as we went
+out, and I had that day three hundred carriages of visitors.
+
+On the 22d the debate was continued, and it was more and more observed
+that the Parliament did not follow the triumphant chariot of Cardinal
+Mazarin, whose imprudence in hazarding the fate of the whole kingdom in
+the last battle was set off with all the disadvantages that could be
+invented to tarnish the victory.
+
+The 30th crowned the work, and produced a decree for making most humble
+remonstrances to the Queen for the liberty of the Princes and for
+Mademoiselle de Longueville staying in Paris.
+
+It was further resolved to send a deputation to the Duc d'Orleans, to
+desire his Royal Highness to use his interest on this occasion in favour
+of the said Princes.
+
+The King's Council having waited on her Majesty with the remonstrances
+aforesaid, she pretended to be under medical treatment, and put off the
+matter a week longer.  The Duc d'Orleans also gave an ambiguous answer.
+The Queen's course of treatment continued eight or ten days longer than
+she imagined, or, rather, than she said, and consequently the
+remonstrances of the Parliament were not made till the 20th of January,
+1651.
+
+On the 28th the First President made his report, and said the Queen had
+promised to return an answer in a few days.
+
+It happened very luckily for us at this time that the imprudence of the
+Cardinal was greater than the inconstancy of the Duc d'Orleans, for a
+little before the Queen returned an answer to the remonstrances, he
+talked very roughly to the Duke in the Queen's presence, charging him
+with putting too much confidence in me.  The very day that the Queen made
+the aforesaid answer he spoke yet more arrogantly to the Duke in her
+Majesty's apartment, comparing M. de Beaufort and myself to Cromwell and
+Fairfax in the House of Commons in England, and exclaimed furiously in
+the King's presence, so that he frightened the Duke, who was glad he got
+out of the King's Palace with a whole skin, and who said that he would
+never put himself again in the power of that furious woman, meaning the
+Queen, because she had improved on what the Cardinal had said to the
+King.  I resolved to strike the iron while it was hot, and joined with M.
+de Beaufort to persuade his Royal Highness to declare himself the next
+day in Parliament.  We showed him that, after what had lately passed,
+there was no safety for his person, and if the King should go out of
+Paris, as the Cardinal designed, we should be engaged in a civil war,
+whereof he alone, with the city of Paris, must bear the heavy load; that
+it would be equally scandalous and dangerous for his Royal Highness
+either to leave the Princes in chains, after having treated with them,
+or, by his dilatory proceedings, suffer Mazarin to have all the honour of
+setting them at liberty, and that he ought by all means to go to the
+Parliament House.
+
+The Duchess, too, seconded us, and upon his Highness saying that if he
+went to the House to declare against the Court the Cardinal would be sure
+to take his Majesty out of Paris, the Duchess replied, "What, monsieur,
+are you not Lieutenant-General of France?  Do not you command the army?
+Are you not master of the people?  I myself will undertake that the King
+shall not go out of Paris."  The Duke nevertheless remained inflexible,
+and all we could get out of him was that he would consent to my telling
+the Parliament, in his name, what we desired he should say himself.  In a
+word, he would have me make the experiment, the success of which he
+looked upon to be very uncertain, because he thought the Parliament would
+have nothing to say against the Queen's answer, and that if I succeeded
+he should reap the honour of the proposition.  I readily accepted the
+commission, because all was at stake, and if I had not executed it the
+next morning I am sure the Cardinal would have eluded setting the Princes
+at liberty a great while longer, and the affair have ended in a
+negotiation with them against the Duke.
+
+The Duchess, who saw that I exposed myself for the public good, pitied me
+very much.  She did all she could to persuade the Duke to command me to
+mention to the Parliament what the Cardinal had told the King with
+relation to Cromwell, Fairfax and the English Parliament, which, if
+declared in the Duke's name, she thought would excite the House the more
+against Mazarin; and she was certainly in the right.  But he forbade me
+expressly.
+
+I ran about all night to incite the members at their first meeting to
+murmur at the Queen's answer, which in the main was very plausible,
+importing that, though this affair did not fall within the cognisance of
+Parliament, the Queen would, however, out of her abundant goodness, have
+regard to their supplications and restore the Princes to liberty.
+Besides, it promised a general amnesty to all who had borne arms in their
+favour, on condition only that M. de Turenne should lay down his arms,
+that Madame de Longueville should renounce her treaty with Spain, and
+that Stenai and Murzon should be evacuated.
+
+At first the Parliament seemed to be dazzled with it, but next day, the
+1st of February, the whole House was undeceived, and wondered how it had
+been so deluded.  The Court of Inquests began to murmur; Viole stood up
+and said that the Queen's answer was but a snare laid for the Parliament
+to beguile them; that the 12th of March, the time fixed for the King's
+coronation, was just at hand; and that as soon as the Court was out of
+Paris they, would laugh at the Parliament.  At this discourse the old and
+new Fronde stood up, and when I saw they, were greatly excited I waved
+my cap and said that the Duke had commanded me to inform the House that
+the regard he had for their sentiments having confirmed him in those he
+always naturally, entertained of his cousins, he was resolved to concur
+with them for procuring their liberty, and to contribute everything in
+his power to effect it; and it is incredible what influence these few
+words had upon the whole assembly.  I was astonished at it myself.  The
+wisest senators seemed as mad as the common people, and the people madder
+than ever.  Their acclamations exceeded anything you can imagine, and,
+indeed, nothing less was sufficient to give heart to the Duke, who had
+all night been bringing forth new projects with more sorrowful pangs and
+throes (as the Duchess expressed it) than ever she had felt when in
+labour with all her children.
+
+When he was fully informed of the good success of his declaration, he
+embraced me several times before all the company, and M. Tellier going to
+wait upon him from the Queen, to know if he acknowledged what I had said
+in his name in the House, "Yes," replied he, "I own, and always will own,
+all that he shall say or act in my name."  We thought that after a solemn
+declaration of this nature the Duke would not scruple to take all the
+necessary precautions to prevent the Cardinal carrying away the King, and
+to that end the Duchess did propose to have all the gates of the city
+well guarded, under pretence of some popular tumults.  But he was deaf to
+all she said, pretending that he was loth to make his King a prisoner.
+
+On the 2d of February, 1651, the Duke, urged very importunately by the
+Princes' party informing him that their liberty depended on it, told them
+that he was going to perform an action which would remove all their
+diffidence.  He sent immediately for the Keeper of the Seals, Marechal
+Villeroi; and Tellier, and bade them tell the Queen that he would never
+come to the Palais Royal as long as Mazarin was there, and that he could
+no longer treat with a man that ruined the State.  And, then, turning
+towards Marechal Villeroi, "I charge you," said he, "with the King's
+person; you shall be answerable for him to me."  I was sadly afraid this
+would be a means to hasten the King's departure, which was what we
+dreaded most of all, and I wondered that the Cardinal did not remove
+after such a declaration.  I thought his head was turned, and indeed I
+was told that he was beside himself for a fortnight together.
+
+The Duke having openly declared against Mazarin, and being resolved to
+attack and drive him out of the kingdom, bade me inform the House next
+day, in his name, how the Cardinal had compared their body to the Rump
+Parliament in England, and some of their members to Cromwell and Fairfax.
+I improved upon this as much as possible, and I daresay that so much heat
+and ferment was never seen in any society before.  Some were for sending
+the Cardinal a personal summons to appear on the spot, to give an account
+of his administration; but the most moderate were for making most humble
+remonstrances to the Queen for his removal.  You may easily guess what a
+thunderclap this must have been to the Court.  The Queen asked the Duke
+whether she might bring the Cardinal to his Royal Highness.  His answer
+was that he did not think it good for the safety of his own person.  She
+offered to come alone to confer with his Highness at the Palais
+d'Orleans, but he excused himself with a great deal of respect.
+
+He sent orders an hour after to the Marshals of France to obey him only,
+as Lieutenant-General of the State, and likewise to the 'prevots des
+marchands' not to take up arms except by his authority.  You will wonder,
+without doubt, that after all this noise no care was taken of the gates
+of Paris to prevent the King's departure.  The Duchess, who trembled at
+the thoughts of it, daily redoubled her endeavours to induce the Duke to
+secure the gates of the city, but all to no purpose; for weak minds are
+generally deficient in some respect or other.
+
+On the 4th the Duke came to the Parliament and assured the assembly of
+his concurrence in everything to reform the State and to procure the
+liberty of the Princes and the Cardinal's removal.  As soon as his Royal
+Highness had done speaking, the Master of the Ceremonies was admitted
+with a letter from the King, which was read, and which required the House
+to separate, and to send as many deputies as they could to the Palais
+Royal to hear the King's will and pleasure.  Deputies were accordingly
+sent immediately, for whose return the bulk of the members stayed in the
+Great Chamber.  I was informed that this was one trick among others
+concerted to ruin me, and, telling the Duc d'Orleans of it, he said that
+if the old buffoon, the Keeper of the Seals, was concerned in such a
+complication of folly and knavery, he deserved to be hanged by the side
+of Mazarin.  But the sequel showed that I was not out in my information.
+
+As soon as the deputies were come to the Palais Royal, the First
+President told the Queen that the Parliament was extremely concerned that
+the Princes were still confined, notwithstanding her royal promise for
+setting them at liberty.  The Queen replied that Marchal de Grammont was
+sent to release them and to see to their necessary security for the
+public tranquillity, but that she had sent for them in relation to
+another affair, which the Keeper of the Seals would explain to them, and
+which he couched in a sanguinary manifesto, in substance as follows:
+
+"All the reports made by the Coadjutor in Parliament are false, and
+invented by him.  He lies!" (This is the only word the Queen added to
+what was already written).  "He is a very wicked, dangerous man, and
+gives the Duke very pernicious advice; he wants to ruin the State because
+we have refused to make him cardinal, and has publicly boasted that he
+will set fire to the four corners of the kingdom, and that he will have
+100,000 men in readiness to dash out the brains of those that shall
+attempt to put it out."  These expressions were very harsh, and I am sure
+that I never said anything like that; but it was of no use at this time
+to make the cloud which was gathering over the head of Mazarin fall in a
+storm upon mine.  The Court saw that Parliament was assembled to pass a
+decree for setting the Princes at liberty, and that the Duke in person
+was declaring against Mazarin in the Grand Chamber, and therefore they
+believed that a diversion would be as practicable as it was necessary,
+namely, to bring me upon my trial in such a manner that the Parliament
+could not refuse nor secure me from the railleries of the most
+inconsiderable member.  Everything that tended to render the attack
+plausible was made use of, as well as everything that might weaken my
+defence.  The writing was signed by the four Secretaries of State, and,
+the better to defeat all that I could say in my justification, the Comte
+de Brienne was sent at the heels of the deputies with an order to desire
+the Duc d'Orleans to come to a conference with the Queen in relation to
+some few difficulties that remained concerning the liberty of the
+Princes.
+
+When the deputies had returned to Parliament, the First President began
+with reading the paper which had been delivered to him against me, upon
+which you might have read astonishment in every face.  Menardeau, who was
+to open the trenches against me, was afraid of a salvo from the Great
+Hall, where he found such a crowd of people, and heard so many
+acclamations to the Fronde, and so many imprecations against Mazarin,
+that he durst not open his mouth against me, but contented himself with a
+pathetic lamentation of the division that was in the State, and
+especially in the royal family.  The councillors were so divided that
+some of them were for appointing public prayers for two days; others
+proposed to desire his Royal Highness to take care of the public safety.
+I resolved to treat the writing drawn up against me by the Cardinal as a
+satire and a libel, and, by some ingenious, short passage, to arouse the
+minds of my hearers.  As my memory did not furnish me with anything in
+ancient authors that had any relation to my subject, I made a small
+discourse in the best Latin I was capable of, and then spoke thus:
+
+"Were it not for the profound respect I bear to the persons who have
+spoken before me, I could not forbear complaining of their not crying out
+against such a scurrilous, satirical paper, which was just now read,
+contrary to all forms of proceeding, and written in the same style as
+lately profaned the sacred name of the King, to encourage false witnesses
+by letters-patent.  I believe that those persons thought this paper,
+which is but a sally of the furious Mazarin, to be much beneath
+themselves and me.  And that I may conform my opinion to theirs, I will
+answer only by repeating a passage from an ancient author: 'In the worst
+of times I did not forsake the city, in the most prosperous I had no
+particular views, and in the most desperate times of all I feared
+nothing.' I desire to be excused for running into this digression.  I
+move that you would make humble remonstrances to the King, to desire him
+to despatch an order immediately for setting the Princes at liberty, to
+make a declaration in their favour, and to remove Cardinal Mazarin from
+his person and Councils."
+
+My opinion was applauded both by the Frondeurs and the Prince's party,
+and carried almost 'nemine contradicente'.
+
+Talon, the Attorney-General, did wonders.  I never heard or read anything
+more eloquent or nervous.  He invoked the names of Henri the Great, and
+upon his knees recommended the kingdom of France in general to the
+protection of Saint Louis.
+
+Brienne, who had been sent by the Queen to desire an interview with the
+Duc d'Orleans, was dismissed with no other answer than that the Duke
+would come to pay his humble duty to the Queen as soon as the Princes
+were at liberty, and Cardinal Mazarin removed from the King's person and
+Councils.
+
+On the 5th of February there was an assembly of the nobility at Nemours
+for recovering their privileges.  I opposed it to the utmost of my power,
+for I had experienced more than once that nothing can be more pernicious
+to a party than to engage without any necessity in such affairs as have
+the bare appearance of faction, but I was obliged to comply.  This
+assembly, however, was so terrifying to the Court that six companies of
+the Guards were ordered to mount, with which the Duc d'Orleans was so
+offended that he sent word to the officers, in his capacity of
+Lieutenant-General of the State, to receive no orders but from himself.
+They answered very respectfully, but as men devoted to the Queen's
+interest.
+
+On the 6th, the Duke having taken his place in the Parliament, the King's
+Council acquainted the House that, having been sent to wait on her
+Majesty with the remonstrances, her Majesty's answer was that no person
+living wished more for the liberty of the Princes than herself, but that
+it was reasonable at the same time to consult the safety of the State;
+that as for Cardinal Mazarin, she was resolved to retain him in her
+Council as long as she found his assistance necessary for the King's
+service; and that it did not belong to the Parliament to concern
+themselves with any of her ministers.
+
+The First President was shrewdly attacked in the House for not being more
+resolute in speaking to the Queen.  Some were for sending him back to
+demand another audience in the afternoon; and the Duc d'Orleans having
+said that the Marshals of France were dependent on Mazarin, it was
+resolved immediately that they should obey none but his Royal Highness.
+
+I was informed that very evening that the Cardinal had made his escape
+out of Paris in disguise, and that the Court was in a very great
+consternation.
+
+The Cardinal's escape was the common topic of conversation, and different
+reasons were assigned to it, according to the various interests of
+different parties.  As for my part, I am very well persuaded that fear
+was the only reason of his flight, and that nothing else hindered him
+from taking the King and the Queen along with him.  You will see in the
+sequel of this history that he endeavoured to get their Majesties out of
+Paris soon after he had made his escape, and that it was concerted in all
+probability before he left the Court; but I could never understand why he
+did not put it into execution at a time when he had no reason to fear the
+least opposition.
+
+On the 17th the Parliament ordered the thanks of the House to be returned
+to the Queen for removing the Cardinal, and that she should be humbly
+asked to issue an order for setting the Princes at liberty, and a
+declaration for excluding all foreigners forever from the King's Council.
+The First President being deputed with the message, the Queen told him
+that she could return him no answer till she had conferred with the Duc
+d'Orleans, to whom she immediately deputed the Keeper of the Seals,
+Marechal Villeroi, and Tellier; but he told them that he could not go to
+the Palais Royal till the Princes were set at liberty and the Cardinal
+removed further from the Court.  For he observed to the House that the
+Cardinal was no further off than at Saint Germain, where he governed all
+the kingdom as before, that his nephew and his nieces were yet at Court;
+and the Duke proposed that the Parliament should humbly beseech the Queen
+to explain whether the Cardinal's removal was for good and all.  If I had
+not seen it, I could not have imagined what a heat the House was in that
+day.  Some were for an order that there should be no favourites in France
+for the future.  They became at length of the opinion of his Royal
+Highness, namely, to address the Queen to ask her to explain herself with
+relation to the removal of Cardinal Mazarin and to solicit orders for the
+liberty, of the Princes.
+
+On the same day the Queen sent again to desire the Duc d'Orleans to come
+and take his place in the Council, and to tell him that, in case he did
+not think it convenient, she would send the Keeper of the Seals to
+concert necessary measures with him for setting the Princes at liberty.
+His Royal Highness accepted the second, but rejected the first proposal,
+and treated M. d'Elbeuf roughly, because he was very pressing with his
+Royal Highness to go to the King's Palace.  The messengers likewise
+acquainted the Duke that they were ordered to assure him that the removal
+of the Cardinal was forever.  You will see presently that, in all
+probability, had his Royal Highness gone that day to Court, the Queen
+would have left Paris and carried the Duke along with her.
+
+On the 19th the Parliament decreed that, in pursuance of the Queen's
+declaration, the Cardinal should, within the space of fifteen days,
+depart from his Majesty's dominions, with all his relations and foreign
+servants; otherwise, they should be proceeded against as outlaws, and it
+should be lawful for anybody to despatch them out of the way.
+
+I suspected that the King would leave Paris that very day, and I was
+almost asleep when I was sent for to go to the Duc d'Orleans, whom
+Mademoiselle de Chevreuse went to awaken in the meantime; and, while I
+was dressing, one of her pages brought me a note from her, containing
+only these few words:
+
+"Make haste to Luxembourg, and be upon your guard on the way."  I found
+Mademoiselle de Chevreuse in his chamber, who acquainted me that the King
+was out of bed, and had his boots on ready for a journey from Paris.
+
+I waited on the Duke, and said, "There is but one remedy, which is, to
+secure the gates of Paris."  Yet all that we could obtain of him was to
+send the captain of the Swiss Guards to wait on the Queen and desire her
+Majesty to weigh the consequences of an action of that nature.  His
+Duchess, perceiving that this expedient, if not supported effectually,
+would ruin all, and that his Royal Highness was still as irresolute as
+ever, called for pen and ink that lay upon the table in her cabinet, and
+wrote these words on a large sheet of paper:
+
+M. le Coadjuteur is ordered to take arms to hinder the adherents of
+Cardinal Mazarin, condemned by the Parliament, from carrying the King out
+of Paris. MARGUERITE DE LORRAINE.
+
+Des Touches, who found the Queen bathed in tears, was charged by her
+Majesty to assure the Duc d'Orleans that she never thought of carrying
+away the King, and that it was one of my tricks.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans saying at the House next day that orders for the
+Princes' liberty would be despatched in two hours' time, the First
+President said, with a deep sigh, "The Prince de Conde is at liberty, but
+our King, our sovereign Lord and King, is a prisoner."  The Duc
+d'Orleans, being now not near so timorous as before, because he had
+received more acclamations in the streets than ever, replied, "Truly the
+King has been Mazarin's prisoner, but, God be praised, he is now in
+better hands."
+
+The Cardinal, who hovered about Paris till he heard the city had taken up
+arms, posted to Havre-de-Grace, where he fawned upon the Prince de Conde
+with a meanness of spirit that is hardly to be imagined; for he wept, and
+even fell down on his knees to the Prince, who treated him with the
+utmost contempt, giving him no thanks for his release.
+
+On the 16th of February the Princes, being set at liberty, arrived in
+Paris, and, after waiting on the Queen, supped with M. de Beaufort and
+myself at the Duc d'Orleans's house, where we drank the King's health and
+"No Mazarin!"
+
+On the 17th his Royal Highness carried them to the Parliament House, and
+it is remarkable that the same people who but thirteen months before made
+bonfires for their confinement did the same now for their release.
+
+On the 20th the declaration demanded of the King against the Cardinal,
+being brought to be registered in Parliament, was sent back with
+indignation because the reason of his removal was coloured over with so
+many encomiums that it was a perfect panegyric.  Honest Broussel, who
+always went greater lengths than anybody, was for excluding all cardinals
+from the Ministry, as well as foreigners in general, because they swear
+allegiance to the Pope.  The First President, thinking to mortify me,
+lauded Broussel for a man of admirable good sense, and espoused his
+opinion; and the Prince de Conde, too, seemed to be overjoyed, saying,
+"It is a charming echo."  Indeed, I might well be troubled to think that
+the very day after a treaty wherein the Duc d'Orleans declared that he
+was resolved to make me a cardinal, the Prince should second a
+proposition so derogatory to that dignity.  But the truth is, the Prince
+had no hand in it, for it came naturally, and was supported for no other
+reason but because nothing that was brought as an argument against
+Mazarin could then fail of being approved at the same time.  I had some
+reason to think that the motion was concerted beforehand by my enemies,
+to keep me out of the Ministry.  Nevertheless, I was not offended with
+the Parliament, the bulk of whom I knew to be my friends, whose sole aim
+was to effectually demolish Mazarin, and I acquiesced in the solid
+satisfaction which I had in being considered in the world as the expeller
+of Mazarin, whom everybody hated, and the deliverer of the Princes, who
+were as much their darlings.
+
+The continual chicanery of the Court provoked the Parliament of Paris to
+write to all the Parliaments of France to issue decrees against Cardinal
+Mazarin, which they did accordingly.  The Parliament obliged the Court to
+issue a declaration setting forth the innocence of the Princes, and
+another for the exclusion of cardinals--French as well as
+foreigners--from the King's Council, and the Parliament had no rest till
+the Cardinal retired from Sedan to Breule, a house belonging to the
+Elector of Cologne.
+
+I had advice sent me from the Duchesse d'Orleans to be upon my guard, and
+that she was on the point of dying with fear lest the Duke should be
+forced by the daily menaces of the Court to abandon me.  I thereupon
+waited on the Duke, and told him that, having had the honour and
+satisfaction of serving his Royal Highness in the two affairs which he
+had most at heart,--namely, the expelling of Mazarin and the releasing of
+the Princes his cousins,--I found myself now obliged to reassume the
+functions of my profession; that the present opportunity seemed both to
+favour and invite my retreat, and if I neglected it I should be the most
+imprudent man living, because my presence for the future would not only
+be useless but even prejudicial to his Royal Highness, whom I knew to be
+daily importuned and irritated by the Court party merely upon my account;
+and therefore I conjured him to make himself easy, and give me leave to
+retire to my cloister.  The Duke spared no kind words to retain me in his
+service, promised never to forsake me, confessed that he had been urged
+to it by the Queen, and that, though his reunion with her Majesty and the
+Princes obliged him to put on the mask of friendship, yet he could never
+forget the great affronts and injuries which he had received from the
+Court.  But all this could not dissuade me, and the Duke at last gave his
+approbation, with repeated assurances to allow me a place next his heart
+and to correspond with me in secret.
+
+Having taken my leave of the Princes, I retired accordingly to my
+cloister of Notre-Dame, where I did not trust Providence so far as to
+omit the use of human means for defending myself against the insults of
+my enemies.
+
+Except the visits which I paid in the night-time to the Hotel de
+Chevreuse, I conversed with none but canons and cures.  I was the object
+of raillery both at Court and at the Palace of Conde; and because I had
+set up a bird-cage at a window, it became a common jest that "the
+Coadjutor whistled to the linnets."  The disposition of Paris, however,
+made amends for the raillery of the Court.  I found myself very secure,
+while other people were very uneasy.  The cures, parish priests, and even
+the mendicants, informed themselves with diligence of the negotiations of
+the Prince de Conde.  I gave M. de Beaufort a thrust now and then, which
+he knew not how to parry with all his cunning, and the Duc d'Orleans, who
+in his heart was enraged against the Court, continued his correspondence
+with me very faithfully.
+
+Soon after, the Marechal du Plessis came to me at midnight and embraced
+me, saying, "I greet you as our Prime Minister."  When he saw that I
+smiled, he added, "I do not jest; you may be so if you please.  The Queen
+has ordered me to tell you that she puts the King and Crown into your
+hands."  He showed me a letter written in the Cardinal's own hand to the
+Queen, which concluded thus:
+
+"You know, madame, that the greatest enemy I have in the world is the
+Coadjutor.  Make use of him rather than treat with the Prince upon those
+conditions he demands.  Make him a cardinal, give him my place, and lodge
+him in my apartments.  Perhaps he will be still more attached to the Duc
+d'Orleans than to your Majesty; but the Duke is not for the ruin of the
+State.  His intentions in the main are not bad.  In a word, madame, do
+anything rather than grant the Prince his demand to have the government
+of Provence added to that of Guienne."
+
+I told the Marshal that I could not but be highly obliged to his
+Eminence, and that I was under infinite obligations to the Queen; and to
+show my gratitude, I humbly begged her Majesty to permit me to serve her
+without any private interest of my own; said that I was very incapable
+for the place of Prime Minister upon many accounts, and that it was not
+consistent with her Majesty's dignity to raise a man to that high post
+who was still reeking, as it were, with the fumes of faction.
+
+"But," said the Marshal, "the place must be filled by somebody, and as
+long as it is vacant the Prince will be always urging that Cardinal
+Mazarin is to have it again."
+
+"You have," said I, "persons much fitter for it than I."  Then he showed
+me a letter signed by the Queen, promising me all manner of security if I
+would come to Court.  I went thither at midnight, according to agreement,
+and the Marshal, who introduced me to the Queen by the back stairs,
+having withdrawn, her Majesty used all the arguments she could to
+persuade me to accept the place of Prime Minister, which I was determined
+to refuse, because I found that she had the Cardinal at heart more than
+ever; for, as soon as she saw I would not accept the post of Prime
+Minister, she offered me the cardinal's hat, but with this proviso, that
+I would use my utmost endeavours towards the restoration of Cardinal
+Mazarin.  Then I judged it high time for me to speak my mind, which I did
+as follows:
+
+"It is a great affliction to me, madame, that public affairs are reduced
+to such a pass as not only warrants, but even commands a subject to speak
+to his sovereign in the style in which I am now about to address your
+Majesty.  It is well known to you that one of my worst crimes in the
+Cardinal's opinion is that I foretold all these things, and that I have
+passed for the author of events of which I was only the prophet.  Your
+Majesty would fain extricate yourself with honour, and you are in the
+right; but permit me to tell you, as my opinion, that it can never be
+effected so long as your Majesty entertains any thoughts of
+reestablishing Mazarin.  I should fail in the respect I owe to your
+Majesty if I pretended to thwart your Majesty's opinion with regard to
+the Cardinal in any other way than with my most humble remonstrances; but
+I humbly conceive I do but discharge my bounden duty while I respectfully
+represent to your Majesty wherein I may be serviceable or useless to you
+at this critical juncture.  Your Majesty has the Prince to cope with,
+who, indeed, is for the restoration of the Cardinal, but upon condition
+that you give him such powers beforehand as will enable him to ruin him
+at pleasure.  To resist the Prince you want the Duc d'Orleans, who is
+absolutely against the Cardinal's reestablishment, and who, provided he
+be excluded, will do what your Majesty pleases to command him.  You will
+neither satisfy the Prince nor the Duke.  I am extremely desirous to
+serve your Majesty against the one and with the other, but I can do
+neither the one nor the other without making use of proper means for
+obtaining those two different ends."
+
+"Come over to me," said she, "and I shall not care a straw for all the
+Duke can do."
+
+I answered, "Should I do so, and should it appear never so little that I
+was on terms of reconciliation with the Cardinal, I could serve your
+Majesty with neither the Duke nor the people, for both would hate me
+mortally, and I should be as useless to your Majesty as the Bishop of
+Dole."
+
+At this the Queen was very angry, and said, "Heaven bless my son the
+King, for he is deserted by all the world!  I do all I can for you, I
+offer you a place in my Council, I offer you the cardinalship; pray what
+will you do for me?"
+
+I said that I did not come to receive favours, but to try to merit them.
+
+At this the Queen's countenance began to brighten, and she said, very
+softly, "What is it, then, that you will do?"
+
+"Madame," said I, "I will oblige the Prince, before a week is at an end,
+to leave Paris; and I will detach the Duke from his interest to-morrow."
+
+The Queen, overjoyed, held out her hand and said, "Give me yours, and I
+promise you that you shall be cardinal the next day, and the second man
+in my friendship."  She desired also that Mazarin and I might be good
+friends; but I answered that the least touch upon that string would put
+me out of tune and render me incapable of doing her any service;
+therefore I conjured her to let me still enjoy the character of being his
+enemy.
+
+"Was anything," said the Queen, "ever so strange and unaccountable?  Can
+you not possibly serve me without being the enemy of him in whom I most
+confide?"
+
+I told her it must needs be so.  "Madame," I said, "I humbly beseech your
+Majesty to let me tell you that, as long as the place of Prime Minister
+is not filled up, the Prince will increase in power on pretence that it
+is kept vacant to receive the Cardinal by a speedy restoration."
+
+"You see," said her Majesty, "how the Prince treats me; he has insulted
+me ever since I disowned my two traitors,--Servien and Lionne."  I took
+the opportunity while she was flushed with anger to make my court to her
+by saying that before two days were at an end the Prince should affront
+her no longer.  But the tenderness she had for her beloved Cardinal made
+her unwilling to consent that I should continue to exclaim against his
+Eminence in Parliament, where one was obliged to handle him very roughly
+almost every quarter of an hour.  She bade me remember that it was the
+Cardinal who had solicited my nomination.  I answered that I was highly
+obliged to his Eminence upon that score, and that I was ready to give him
+proofs of my acknowledgment in anything wherein my honour was not
+concerned, but that I should be a double-dealer if I promised to
+contribute to his reestablishment.  Then she said, "Go! you are a very
+devil.  See Madame Palatine, and let me hear from you the night before
+you go to the Parliament."
+
+I do not think I was in the wrong to refuse her offer.  We must never
+jest with proffered service; for if it be real, we can never embrace it
+too much; but if false, we can never keep at too great a distance. I
+lamented to the public the sad condition of our affairs, which had
+obliged me to leave my dear retirement, where, after so much disturbance
+and confusion, I hoped to enjoy comfortable rest; that we were falling
+into a worse condition than we were in before, because the State suffered
+more by the daily negotiations carried on with Mazarin than it had done
+by his administrations; and that the Queen was still buoyed up with hopes
+of his reestablishment.
+
+The Prince de Conde having inflamed the Parliament, to make himself more
+formidable to the Queen and Court, some new scenes were opened every day.
+At one time they sent to the provinces to inform against the Cardinal; at
+another time they made search after his effects at Paris.
+
+I went one day with four hundred men in my company to the Parliament
+House, where the Prince de Conde inveighed against the exportation of
+money out of the kingdom by the Cardinal's banker.  But afterwards I
+absented myself for awhile from Parliament, which made me suspected of
+being less an enemy to the Cardinal, and I was pelted with a dozen or
+fifteen libels in the space of a fortnight, by a fellow whose nose had
+been slit for writing a lampoon against a lady of quality.  I composed a
+short but general answer to all, entitled "An Apology for the Ancient and
+True Fronde."  There was a strong paper war between the old and new
+Fronde for three or four months, but afterwards they united in the attack
+on Mazarin.  There were about sixty volumes of tracts written during the
+civil war, but I am sure that there are not a hundred sheets worth
+reading.
+
+I was sent for again to another private conference with the Queen, who,
+dreading an arrangement with the Prince de Conde, was for his being
+arrested, and advised me to consider how it might be done.  It seems that
+M. Hoquincourt had offered to kill him in the street, as the shortest way
+to be rid of him, for she desired me to confer about it with Hoquincourt,
+"who will," said she, "show you a much surer way."  The Queen,
+nevertheless, would not own she had ever such a thought, though she was
+heard to say, "The Coadjutor is not a man of so much courage as I took
+him for."
+
+The next day I was informed that the Queen could endure the Prince no
+longer, and that she had advices that he had formed a design to seize the
+King; that he had despatched orders to Flanders to treat with the
+Spaniards, and that either he or she must be ruined; that she was not for
+shedding blood, and that what Hoquincourt proposed was far from it,
+because he promised to secure the Prince without striking a blow if I
+would answer for the people.
+
+The Parliament continued to prosecute Mazarin, who was convicted of
+embezzling some nine millions of the public money.  The Prince assembled
+the Chambers, and persuaded them to issue a new decree against all those
+of the Court party who held correspondence with the said Cardinal.
+
+The Prince de Conde, being uneasy at seeing Mazarin's creatures still at
+Court, retired to Saint Maur on the 6th of July, 1651.  On the 7th the
+Prince de Conti acquainted the Parliament with the reasons for his
+departure, and talked in general of the warnings he had received from
+different hands of a design the Court had formed against his life, adding
+that his brother could not be safe at Court as long as Tellier, Servien,
+and Lionne were not removed.  There was a very hot debate in the ensuing
+session between the Prince de Conti and the First President.  The latter
+talked very warmly against his retreat to Saint Maur, and called it a
+melancholy prelude to a civil war.  He hinted also that the said Prince
+was the author of the late disturbances, upon which the Prince de Conti
+threatened that had he been in any other place he would have taught him
+to observe the respect due to Princes of the blood.  The First President
+said that he did not fear his threats, and that he had reason to complain
+of his Royal Highness for presuming to interrupt him in a place where he
+represented the King's person.  Both parties were now in hot blood, and
+the Duke, who was very glad to see it, did not interpose till he could
+not avoid it, and then he told them both that they should endeavour to
+keep their temper.
+
+On the 14th of July a decree was passed, upon a motion made by the Duc
+d'Orleans, that the thanks of the Parliament should be presented to her
+Majesty for her gracious promise that the Cardinal should never return;
+that she should be most humbly entreated to send a declaration to
+Parliament, and likewise to give the Prince de Conde all the necessary
+securities for his return; and that those persons who kept up
+correspondence with Mazarin should be immediately prosecuted.
+
+On the 18th the First President carried the remonstrances of the
+Parliament to the Queen, and though he took care to keep within the terms
+of the decree, by not naming the under ministers, yet he pointed them out
+in such a manner that the Queen complained bitterly, saying that the
+First President was "an unaccountable man, and more vexatious than any of
+the malcontents."
+
+When I took the liberty to show her that the representative of an
+assembly could not, without prevarication, but deliver the thoughts of
+the whole body, though they might be different from his own, she replied,
+very angrily, "These are mere republican maxims."
+
+I will give you an account of the success of the remonstrances after I
+have related an adventure to you which happened at the Parliament House
+during these debates.
+
+The importance of the subject drew thither a large number of ladies who
+were curious to hear what passed.  Madame and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse,
+with many other ladies, were there the evening before the decree was
+passed; but they were singled out from the rest by one Maillard, a
+brawling fellow, hired by the Prince's party.  As ladies are commonly
+afraid of a crowd, they stayed till the Duc d'Orleans and the rest were
+gone out, but when they came into the hall they were hooted by twenty or
+thirty ragamuffins of the same quality as their leader, who was a
+cobbler.  I knew nothing of it till I came to the Palace of Chevreuse,
+where I found Madame de Chevreuse in a rage and her daughter in tears. I
+endeavoured to comfort them by the assurance that I would take care to
+get the scoundrels punished in an exemplary manner that very day.  But
+these were too inconsiderable victims to atone for such an affront, and
+were therefore rejected with indignation.  The blood of Bourbon only
+could make amends for the injury done to that of Lorraine.  These were
+the very words of Madame de Chevreuse.  They resolved at last upon this
+expedition,--to go again next morning to the House, but so well
+accompanied as to be in a condition of making themselves respected, and
+of giving the Prince de Conti to understand that it was to his interest
+to keep his party for the future from committing the like insolence.
+Montresor, who happened to be with us, did all he could to convince the
+ladies how dangerous it was to make a private quarrel of a public one,
+especially at a time when a Prince of the blood might possibly lose his
+life in the fray.  When he found that he could not prevail upon them, he
+used all means to persuade me to put off my resentment, for which end he
+drew me aside to tell me what joy and triumph it would be to my enemies
+to suffer myself to be captivated or led away by the violence of the
+ladies' passion.  I made him the following answer: "I am certainly to
+blame, both with regard to my profession and on account of my having my
+hands full, to be so far engaged with Mademoiselle de Chevreuse; but,
+considering the obligation I am under to her, and that it is too late to
+recede from it, I am in the right in demanding satisfaction in this
+present juncture.  I will not by any means assassinate the Prince de
+Conti; but she may command me to do anything except poisoning or
+assassinating, and therefore speak no more to me on this head."
+
+The ladies went again, therefore, next day, being accompanied by four
+hundred gentlemen and above four thousand of the most substantial
+burghers.  The rabble that was hired to make a clamour in the Great Hall
+sneaked out of sight, and the Prince de Conti, who had not been apprised
+of this assembly, which was formed with great secrecy, was fain to pass
+by Madame and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse with demonstrations of the
+profoundest respect, and to suffer Maillard, who was caught on the stairs
+of the chapel, to be soundly cudgelled.
+
+I return to the issue of the remonstrances.  The Queen told the deputies
+that she would next morning send to the House a declaration against
+Cardinal Mazarin.
+
+On the 21st the Prince de Conde came to Parliament accompanied by M. de
+La Rochefoucault and fifty or sixty gentlemen, and congratulated them
+upon the removal of the ministers, but said that it could not be
+effectual without inserting an article in the declaration which the Queen
+had promised to send to the Parliament.  The First President said that it
+would be both unjust and inconsistent with the respect due to the Queen
+to demand new conditions of her every day; that her Majesty's promise, of
+which she had made the Parliament a depositary, was a sufficient
+security; that it was to be wished that the Prince had shown a due
+confidence therein by repairing to the Palais Royal rather than to a
+court of justice; and that the post he was in obliged him to express his
+surprise at such conduct.  The Prince replied that the First President
+had no reason to wonder at his great precautions, since he (the Prince)
+knew by recent woeful experience what it was to live in a prison; and
+that it was notorious that the Cardinal ruled now in the Cabinet more
+absolutely than ever he did before.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans, who was gone to Limours on pretence of taking the air,
+though on purpose to be absent from Parliament, being informed that the
+very women cried at the King's coach "No Mazarin!" and that the Prince de
+Conde, as well attended as his Majesty, had met the King in the park, was
+so frightened that he returned to Paris, and on the 2d of August went to
+Parliament, where I appeared with all my friends and a great number of
+wealthy citizens.  The First President mightily extolled the Queen's
+goodness in making the Parliament the depositary of her promise for the
+security of the Prince, who, being there present, was asked by the First
+President if he had waited on the King?  The Prince said he had not,
+because he knew there would be danger in it, having been well informed
+that secret conferences had been held to arrest him, and that in a proper
+time and place he would name the authors.  The Prince added that
+messengers were continually going and coming betwixt the Court and
+Mazarin at Breule, and that Marechal d'Aumont had orders to cut to pieces
+the regiments of Conde, Conti, and Enghien, which was the only reason
+that had hindered them from joining the King's army.
+
+The First President told him that he was sorry to see him there before he
+had waited on the King, and that it seemed as if he were for setting up
+altar against altar.  This nettled the Prince to that degree that he said
+that those who talked against him had only self-interests in view.  The
+First President denied that he had any such aim, and said that he was
+accountable to the King only for his actions.  Then he exaggerated the
+danger of the State from the unhappy division of the royal family.
+
+Finally it was resolved, 'nemine contradicente', that the
+Solicitor-General should be commissioned to prosecute those who had
+advised the arrest of the Prince de Conde; that the Queen's promise for
+the safety of the Prince should be registered; that his Royal Highness
+should be desired by the whole assembly to go and wait on the King; and
+that the decrees passed against the servitors of Mazarin should be put
+into execution.  The Prince, who seemed very well satisfied, said that
+nothing less than this could assure him of his safety.  The Duc d'Orleans
+carried him to the King and the Queen, from whom he met with but a cold
+reception.
+
+At the close of this session the declaration against the Cardinal was
+read and sent back to the Chancellor, because it was not inserted that
+the Cardinal had hindered the Peace of Munster, and advised the King to
+undertake the journey and siege of Bordeaux, contrary to the opinion of
+the Duc d'Orleans.
+
+The Queen, provoked by the conduct of the Prince de Conde, who rode
+through the streets of Paris better attended than the King, and also by
+that of the Duke, whom she found continually given to change, resolved,
+in a fit of despair, to hazard all at once.  M. de Chateauneuf flattered
+her inclination on that point, and she was confirmed in it by a fiery
+despatch from Mazarin at Bruele.  She told the Duc d'Orleans plainly that
+she could no longer continue in her present condition, demanded his
+express declaration for or against her, and charged me, in his presence,
+to keep the promise I had made her, to declare openly against the Prince
+if he continued to go on as he had begun.
+
+Her Majesty was convinced that I acted sincerely for her service, and
+that I made no scruple to keep my promise; and she condescended to make
+apologies for the distrust she had entertained of my conduct, and for the
+injustice she owned she had done me.
+
+On the 19th, the Prince de Conde having taxed me with being the author of
+a paper against him, which was read that day in the House, said he had a
+paper, signed by the Duc d'Orleans, which contained his justification,
+and that he should be much obliged to the Parliament if they would be
+pleased to desire her Majesty to name his accusers, against whom he
+demanded justice.  As to the paper of which he charged me with being the
+author, he said it was a composition worthy of a man who had advised the
+arming of the Parisians and the wresting of the seals from him with whom
+the Queen had entrusted them.
+
+The Prince de Conti was observed to press his brother to resent what I
+said in my defence, but he kept his temper; for though I was very well
+accompanied, yet he was considerably superior to me in numbers, so that
+if the sword had been drawn he must have had the advantage.  But I
+resolved to appear there the next day with a greater retinue.  The Queen
+was transported with joy to hear that there were men who had the
+resolution to dispute the wall with the Prince.
+
+["The Queen," says M. de La Rochefoucault in his Memoirs, "was overjoyed
+to see two men at variance whom in her heart she hated almost equally....
+Nevertheless, she seemed to protect the Coadjutor."]
+
+She ordered thirty gendarmes and as many Light-horse to be posted where I
+pleased; I had forty men sent me, picked out of the sergeants and bravest
+soldiers of one of the regiments of Guards, and some of the officers of
+the city companies, and assembled a great number of substantial burghers,
+all of whom had pistols and daggers under their cloaks.  I also sent many
+of my men to the eating-houses thereabouts, so that the Great Hall was,
+as it were, invested on every side with my friends.  I posted thirty
+gentlemen as a reserve in a convenient chamber, who, in case of an
+attack, were to assault the party of the Prince in flank and rear.  I had
+also laid up a store of grenades.  In a word, my measures were so nicely
+concerted, both within and without the Parliament House, that Pont
+Notre-Dame and Pont Saint Michel, who were passionately in my interest,
+only waited for the signal; so that in all likelihood I could not fail of
+being conqueror.
+
+On the morning of the 21st all the Prince de Conde's humble servants
+repaired to his house, and my friends did the like to mine, particularly
+the Marquises of Rouillac and Camillac, famous both for their courage and
+extravagances.  As soon as the latter saw Rouillac, he made me a low bow
+in a withdrawing posture, saying, "Monsieur, I came to offer you my
+service, but it is not reasonable that the two greatest fools in the
+kingdom should be of the same side."  The Prince came to the House with a
+numerous attendance, and though I believe he had not so many as I, he had
+more persons of quality, for I had only the Fronde nobility on my side,
+except three or four who, though in the Queen's interest, were
+nevertheless my particular friends; this disadvantage, however, was
+abundantly made up by the great interest I had among the people and the
+advantageous posts I was possessed of.  After the Prince had taken his
+place, he said that he was surprised to see the Parliament House look
+more like a camp than a temple of justice; that there were posts taken,
+and men under command; and that he hoped there were not men in the
+kingdom so insolent as to dispute the precedence with him.  Whereupon I
+humbly begged his pardon, and told him that I believed there was not a
+man in France so insolent as to do it; but that there were some who could
+not, nor indeed ought not, on account of their dignity, yield the
+precedence to any man but the King.  The Prince replied that he would
+make me yield it to him.  I told him he would find it no easy matter.
+Upon this there was a great outcry, and the young councillors of both
+parties interested themselves in the contest, which, you see, began
+pretty warmly.  The Presidents interposed between us, conjuring him to
+have some regard to the temple of justice and the safety of the city, and
+desiring that all the nobility and others in the hall that were armed
+might be turned out.  He approved of it, and bade M. de La Rochefoucault
+go and tell his friends so from him.  Upon which I said, "I will order my
+friends to withdraw also."  Young D'Avaux, now President de Mesmes, then
+in the Prince's interest, said, "What! monsieur, are you
+armed?"--"Without doubt," I said; though I had better have held my
+tongue, because an inferior ought to be respectful in words to his
+superior, though he may equal him in actions.  Neither is it allowable in
+a Churchman when armed to confess it.  There are some things wherein men
+are willing to be deceived.  Actions very often vindicate men's
+reputations in what they do against the dignity of their profession, but
+nothing can justify words that are inconsistent with their character.
+
+As I had desired my friends to withdraw, and was entering into the Court
+of Judicature, I heard an uproar in the hall of people crying out "To
+arms!"  I had a mind to go back to see what was the matter; but I had not
+time to do it, for I found myself caught by the neck between the folding
+doors, which M. de La Rochefoucault had shut on me, crying out to MM.
+Coligny and Ricousse to kill me.
+
+[This action is very much disguised and softened in the Memoirs of
+Rochefoucault.  M. Joly, in his Memoirs, vol. i., p. 155, tells it almost
+in...  the same manner as the Cardinal de Retz.]
+
+The first thought he was not in earnest, and the other told him he had no
+such order from the Prince.  M. Champlatreux, running into the hall and
+seeing me in that condition, vigorously pushed back M. de La
+Rochefoucault, telling him that a murder of that nature was horrible and
+scandalous.  He opened the door and let me in.  But this was not the
+greatest danger I was in, as you will see after I have told you the
+beginning and end of it.
+
+Two or three of the Prince de Conde's mob cried out, as soon as they saw
+me, "A Mazarin!"  Two of the Prince's soldiers drew their swords, those
+next to them cried out, "To your arms!" and in a trice all were in a
+fighting posture.  My friends drew their swords, daggers, and pistols,
+and yet, as it were by a miracle, they stopped their hands on a sudden
+from action; for in that very instant of time, Crenan, one of my old
+friends, who commanded a company of the Prince de Conti's gendarmes, said
+to Laigues, "What are we doing?  Must we let the Prince de Conde and the
+Coadjutor be murdered?  Whoever does not put up his sword is a rascal!"
+This expression coming from a man of great courage and reputation, every
+one did as he bade them.  Nor is Argenteuil's courage and presence of
+mind to be less admired.  He being near me when I was caught by the neck
+between the folding doors, and observing one Peche,--[Joly calls him "The
+great clamourer of the Prince."  See his Memoirs, p. 157.]--a brawling
+fellow of the Prince's party, looking for me with a dagger in his hand,
+screened me with his cloak, and thereby saved my life, which was in the
+more danger because my friends, who supposed I was gone into the Great
+Chamber, stayed behind to engage with the Prince de Conde's party.  The
+Prince told me since that it was well I kept on the defensive, and that
+had the noise in the hall continued but a minute longer, he would himself
+have taken me by the throat and made me pay for all; but I am fully
+persuaded that the consequences would have been fatal to both parties,
+and that he himself had had a narrow escape.
+
+As soon as I reentered the Great Chamber I told the First President that
+I owed my life to his son, who on that occasion did the most generous
+action that a man of honour was capable of, because he was passionately
+attached to the Prince de Conde, and was persuaded, though without a
+cause, that I was concerned in above twenty editions against his father
+during the siege of Paris.  There are few actions more heroic than this,
+the memory of which I shall carry to my grave.  I also added that M. de
+La Rochefoucault had done all he could to murder me.'
+
+[The Duke answered, as he says himself in his Memoirs, that fear had
+disturbed his judgment, etc.  See in the Memoirs of M. de La
+Rochefoucault, the relation of what passed after the confinement of the
+Princes.]
+
+He answered me these very words: "Thou traitor, I don't care what becomes
+of thee."  I replied, "Very well, Friend Franchise" (we gave him that
+nickname in our party); "you are a coward" (I told a lie, for he was
+certainly a brave man), "and I am a priest; but dueling is not allowed
+us."  M. de Brissac threatened to cudgel him, and he to kick Brissac. The
+President, fearing these words would end in blows, got between us. The
+First President conjured the Prince pathetically, by the blood of Saint
+Louis, not to defile with blood that temple which he had given for the
+preservation of peace and the protection of justice; and exhorted me, by
+my sacred character, not to contribute to the massacre of the people whom
+God had committed to my charge.  Both the Prince and I sent out two
+gentlemen to order our friends and servants to retire by different ways.
+The clock struck ten, the House rose, and thus ended that morning's work,
+which was likely to have ruined Paris.
+
+You may easily guess what a commotion Paris was in all that morning.
+Tradesmen worked in their shops with their muskets by them, and the women
+were at prayers in the churches.  Sadness sat on the brows of all who
+were not actually engaged in either party.  The Prince, if we may believe
+the Comte de Fiesque, told him that Paris narrowly escaped being burnt
+that day.  "What a fine bonfire this would have been for the Cardinal,"
+said he; "especially to see it lighted by the two greatest enemies he
+had!"
+
+The Duc d'Orleans, quite tired out with the cries of the people, who ran
+affrighted to his palace, and fearing that the commotion would not stop
+at the Parliament House, made the Prince promise that he would not go
+next day to the Parliament with above five in company, provided I would
+engage to carry no more.  I begged his Royal Highness to excuse me if I
+did not comply, because I should be wanting in my respect to the Prince,
+with whom I ought not to make any comparison, and because I should be
+still exposed to a pack of seditious brawlers, who cried out against me,
+having no laws nor owning any chief.  I added that it was only against
+this sort of people that I armed; that there was so little comparison
+between a private gentleman and his Highness that five hundred men were
+less to the Prince than a single lackey to me.  The Duke, who owned I was
+in the right, went to the Queen to represent to her the evil consequences
+that would inevitably attend such measures.
+
+The Queen, who neither feared nor foresaw dangers, made no account of his
+remonstrances, for she was glad in the main of the dangers which seemed
+to be so near at hand.  When Bertet and Brachet, who crept up to the
+garrets of the Palais Royal for fear of having their throats cut in the
+general commotion, had made her sensible that if the Prince and myself
+should perish in such a juncture it would occasion such a confusion that
+the very name of Mazarin might become fatal to the royal family, she
+yielded rather to her fears than to her convictions, and consented to
+send an order in the King's name to forbid both the Prince and me to go
+to the House.  The First President, who was well assured that the Prince
+would not obey an order of that nature, which could not be forced upon
+him with justice, because his presence was necessary in the Parliament,
+went to the Queen and made her sensible that it would be against all
+justice and equity to forbid the Prince to be present in an assembly
+where he went only to clear himself from a crime laid to his charge. He
+showed her the difference between the first Prince of the blood, whose
+presence would be necessary in that conjuncture, and a Coadjutor of
+Paris, who never had a seat in the Parliament but by courtesy.
+
+The Queen yielded at last to these reasons and to the entreaties of all
+the Court ladies, who dreaded the noise and confusion which was likely to
+occur next day in the Parliament House.
+
+The Parliament met next day, and resolved that all the papers, both of
+the Queen, the Duc d'Orleans, and the Prince de Conde, should be carried
+to the King and Queen, that her Majesty should be humbly entreated to
+terminate the affair, and that the Duc d'Orleans should be desired to
+make overtures towards a reconciliation.
+
+As the Prince was coming out of the Parliament House, attended by a
+multitude of his friends, I met him in his coach as I was at the head of
+a procession of thirty or forty cures of Paris, followed by a great
+number of people.  Upon my approach, three or four of the mob following
+the Prince cried out, "A Mazarin!" but the Prince alighted and silenced
+them.
+
+[M. de La Rochefoucault, in his Memoirs, says that the people abused the
+Coadjutor with scurrilous language, and would have torn him in pieces if
+the prince had not ordered his men to appease the tumult.]
+
+He then fell on his knees to receive my blessing, which I gave him with
+my hat on, and then pulled it off in obeisance.
+
+The Queen was so well pleased with my prudent conduct that I can truly
+say I was a favourite for some days.  Madame de Carignan was telling her
+one day that I was very homely, to which the Queen replied, "He has a
+very fine set of teeth, and a man cannot be called homely who has this
+ornament."  Madame de Chevreuse remembered that she had often heard the
+Queen say that the beauty of a man consisted chiefly in his teeth,
+because it was the only beauty which was of any use.  Therefore she
+advised me to act my part well, and she should not despair of success.
+"When you are with the Queen," said she, "be serious; look continually on
+her hands, storm against the Cardinal, and I will take care of the rest"
+I asked two or three audiences of the Queen upon very trifling occasions,
+followed Madame de Chevreuse's plan very closely, and carried my
+resentment and passion against the Cardinal even to extravagance.  The
+Queen, who was naturally a coquette, understood those airs, and
+acquainted Madame de Chevreuse therewith, who pretended to be surprised,
+saying, "Indeed, I have heard the Coadjutor talk of your Majesty whole
+days with delight; but if the conversation happened to touch upon the
+Cardinal, he was no longer the same man, and even raved against your
+Majesty, but immediately relented towards you, though never towards the
+Cardinal."
+
+Madame de Chevreuse, who was the Queen's confidante in her youth, gave me
+such a history of her early days as I cannot omit giving you, though I
+should have done it sooner.  She told me that the Queen was neither in
+body nor mind truly Spanish; that she had neither the temperament nor the
+vivacity of her nation, but only the coquetry of it, which she retained
+in perfection; that M. Bellegarde, a gallant old gentleman, after the
+fashion of the Court of Henri III., pleased her till he was going to the
+army, when he begged for one favour before his departure, which was only
+to put her hand to the hilt of his sword, a compliment so insipid that
+her Majesty was out of conceit with him ever after.  She approved the
+gallant manner of M. de Montmorency much more than she loved his person.
+The aversion she had to the pedantic behaviour of Cardinal de Richelieu,
+who in his amours was as ridiculous as he was in other things excellent,
+made her irreconcilable to his addresses.  She had observed from the
+beginning of the Regency a great inclination in the Queen for Mazarin,
+but that she had not been able to discover how far that inclination went,
+because she (Madame de Chevreuse) had been banished from the Court very
+soon after; and that upon her return to France, after the siege of Paris,
+the Queen was so reserved at first with her that it was impossible for
+her to dive into her secrets.  That since she regained her Majesty's
+favour she had sometimes observed the same airs in her with regard to
+Cardinal Mazarin as she used to display formerly in favour of the Duke of
+Buckingham; but at other times she thought that there was no more between
+them than a league of friendship.  The chief ground for her conjecture
+was the impolite and almost rude way in which the Cardinal conversed with
+her Majesty.  "But, however," said Madame de Chevreuse, "when I reflect
+on the Queen's humour, all this may admit of another interpretation.
+Buckingham used to tell me that he had been in love with three Queens,
+and was obliged to curb all the three; therefore I cannot tell what to
+think of the matter."
+
+To resume the history of more public affairs.  I did not so far please
+myself with the figure I made against the Prince (though I thought it
+very much for my honour), but I saw clearly that I stood on a dangerous
+precipice.
+
+"Whither are we going?"  I said to M. Bellievre, who seemed to be
+overjoyed that the Prince had not been able to devour me; "for whom do we
+labour?  I know that we are obliged to act as we do; I know, too, that we
+cannot do better; but should we rejoice at the fatal necessity which
+pushes us on to exert an action comparatively good and which will
+unavoidably end in a superlative evil?"
+
+"I understand you," said the President, "and will interrupt you for one
+moment to tell you what I learned of Cromwell" (whom he had known in
+England).  "He told me one day that it is then we are mounting highest
+when we ourselves do not know whither we are going."
+
+"You know, monsieur," said I to Bellievre, "that I abhor Cromwell; and
+whatever is commonly reported of his great parts, if he is of this
+opinion, I must pronounce him a fool."
+
+I mentioned this dialogue for no other purpose than to observe how
+dangerous it is to talk disrespectfully of men in high positions; for it
+was carried to Cromwell, who remembered it with a great deal of
+resentment on an occasion which I shall mention hereafter, and said to M.
+de Bourdeaux, Ambassador of France, then in England, "I know but one man
+in the world who despises me, and that is Cardinal de Retz."  This
+opinion of him was likely to have cost me very dear.  I return from this
+digression.
+
+On the 31st, Melayer, valet de chambre to the Cardinal, arrived with a
+despatch to the Queen, in which were these words: "Give the Prince de
+Conde all the declarations of his innocence that he can desire, provided
+you can but amuse him and hinder him from giving you the slip."
+
+On the 4th the Prince de Conde insisted in Parliament on a formal decree
+for declaring his innocence, which was granted, but deferred to be
+published till the 7th of September (the day that the King came of age),
+on pretence of rendering it more authentic and solemn by the King's
+presence, but really to gain time, and see what influence the splendour
+of royalty, which was to be clothed that day with all the advantages of
+pomp, would have upon the minds of the people.
+
+But the Prince de Conde, who had reason to distrust both the Fronde and
+the Court, did not appear at the ceremony, and sent the Prince de Conti
+to the King to desire to be excused, because the calumnies and
+treacheries of his enemies would not suffer him to come to the Palace;
+adding that he kept away out of pure respect to his Majesty.  This last
+expression, which seemed to intimate that otherwise he might have gone
+thither without danger, provoked the Queen to that degree that she said,
+"The Prince or I must perish."
+
+The Prince de Conde retired to Bourges,--further from Court.  He was
+naturally averse to a civil war, nor would his adherents have been more
+forward than himself if they had found their interests in his
+reconciliation to the Court; but this seemed impracticable, and therefore
+they agreed upon a civil war, because none of them believed themselves
+powerful enough to conclude a peace.  They know nothing of the nature of
+faction who imagine the head of a party to be their master.  His true
+interest is most commonly thwarted by the imaginary interests even of his
+subalterns, and the worst of it is that his own honour sometimes, and
+generally prudence, joins with them against himself.  The passions and
+discontent which reigned then among the friends of the Prince de Conde
+ran so high that they were obliged to abandon him and form a third party,
+under the authority of the Prince de Conti, in case the Prince
+accomplished his reconciliation to the Court, according to a proposition
+then made to him in the name of the Duc d'Orleans.  The subdivision of
+parties is generally the ruin of all, especially when it is introduced by
+cunning views, directly contrary to prudence; and this is what the
+Italians call, in comedy, a "plot within a plot," or a "wheel within a
+wheel."
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+Buckingham had been in love with three Queens
+Civil war as not powerful enough to conclude a peace
+Insinuation is of more service than that of persuasion
+Man that supposed everybody had a back door
+Mazarin: embezzling some nine millions of the public money
+Passed for the author of events of which I was only the prophet
+The subdivision of parties is generally the ruin of all
+The wisest fool he ever saw in his life
+Who imagine the head of a party to be their master
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Memoirs Of Jean Francois Paul De
+Gondi, Cardinal De Retz, Volume III., by Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARDINAL DE RETZ ***
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+The Project Gutenberg Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, v3
+#3 in our series by Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+#7 in our series Historic Court Memoirs
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check
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+Title: The Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, V3
+
+Author: Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+
+Official Release Date: March, 2002  [Etext #3844]
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+
+MEMOIRS OF JEAN FRANCOIS PAUL de GONDI, CARDINAL DE RETZ, v3
+
+Written by Himself
+
+Being Historic Court Memoirs of the Great Events during the Minority of
+Louis XIV. and the Administration of Cardinal Mazarin.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK III.
+
+
+MADAME:--Cardinal Mazarin thought of nothing else now but how to rid
+himself of the obligations he lay under to the Prince de Conde, who had
+actually saved him from the gallows.  And his principal view was an
+alliance with the House of Vendome, who had on some occasions opposed the
+interest of the family of Conde.
+
+In Paris the people libelled not only the Cardinal, but the Queen.
+Indeed it was not our interest to discourage libels and ballads against
+the Cardinal, but it concerned us to suppress such as were levelled
+against the Queen and Government.  It is not to be imagined what
+uneasiness the wrath of the people gave us upon that head.  Two
+criminals, one of whom was a printer, being condemned to be hanged for
+publishing some things fit to be burnt and for libelling the Queen, cried
+out, when they were upon the scaffold, that they were to be put to death
+for publishing verses against Mazarin, upon which the people rescued them
+from justice.
+
+On the other hand, some gay young gentlemen of the Court, who were in
+Mazarin's interest, had a mind to make his name familiar to the
+Parisians, and for that end made a famous display in the public walks of
+the Tuileries, where they had grand suppers, with music, and drank the
+Cardinal's health publicly.  We took little notice of this, till they
+boasted at Saint Germain that the Frondeurs were glad to give them the
+wall.  And then we thought it high time to correct them, lest the common
+people should think they did it by authority.  For this end M. de
+Beaufort and a hundred other gentlemen went one night to the house where
+they supped, overturned the table, and broke the musicians' violins over
+their heads.
+
+Being informed that the Prince de Conde intended to oblige the King to
+return to Paris, I was resolved to have all the merit of an action which
+would be so acceptable to the citizens.  I therefore resolved to go to
+the Court at Compiegne, which my friends very much opposed, for fear of
+the danger to which I might be exposed, but I told them that what is
+absolutely necessary is not dangerous.
+
+I went accordingly, and as I was going up-stairs to the Queen's
+apartments, a man, whom I never saw before or since, put a note into my
+hand with these words: "If you enter the King's domicile, you are a dead
+man."  But I was in already, and it was too late to go back.  Being past
+the guard-chamber, I thought myself secure.  I told the Queen that I was
+come to assure her Majesty of my most humble obedience, and of the
+disposition of the Church of Paris to perform all the services it owed to
+their Majesties.  The Queen seemed highly pleased, and was very kind to
+me; but when we mentioned the Cardinal, though she urged me to it,
+I excused myself from going to see him, assuring her Majesty that such a
+visit would put it out of my power to do her service.  It was impossible
+for her to contain herself any longer; she blushed, and it was with much
+restraint that she forbore using harsh language, as she herself confessed
+afterwards.
+
+Servien said one day that there was a design to assassinate me at his
+table by the Abbe Fouquet; and M. de Vendome, who had just come from his
+table, pressed me to be gone, saying that there were wicked designs
+hatching against me.
+
+I returned to Paris, having accomplished everything I wanted, for I had
+removed the suspicion of the Court that the Frondeurs were against the
+King's return.  I threw upon the Cardinal all the odium attending his
+Majesty's delay.  I braved Mazarin, as it were, upon his throne, and
+secured to myself the chief honour of the King's return.
+
+The Court was received at Paris as kings always were and ever will be,
+namely, with acclamations, which only please such as like to be
+flattered.  A group of old women were posted at the entrance of the
+suburbs to cry out, "God save his Eminence!" who sat in the King's coach
+and thought himself Lord of Paris; but at the end of three or four days
+he found himself much mistaken.  Ballads and libels still flew about.
+The Frondeurs appeared bolder than ever.  M. de Beaufort and I rode
+sometimes alone, with one lackey only behind our coach, and at other
+times we went with a retinue of fifty men in livery and a hundred
+gentlemen.  We diversified the scene as we thought it would be most
+acceptable to the spectators.  The Court party, who blamed us from
+morning to night, nevertheless imitated us in their way.  Everybody took
+an advantage of the Ministry from our continual pelting of his Eminence.
+The Prince, who always made too much or too little of the Cardinal,
+continued to treat him with contempt; and, being disgusted at being
+refused the post of Superintendent of the Seas, the Cardinal endeavoured
+to soothe him with the vain hopes of other advantages.
+
+The Prince, being one day at Court, and seeing the Cardinal give himself
+extraordinary airs, said, as he was going out of the Queen's cabinet,
+"Adieu, Mars."  This was told all over the city in a quarter of an hour.
+I and Noirmoutier went by appointment to his house at four o'clock in the
+morning, when he seemed to be greatly troubled.  He said that he could
+not determine to begin a civil war, which, though the only means to
+separate the Queen from the Cardinal, to whom she was so strongly
+attached, yet it was both against his conscience and honour.  He added
+that he should never forget his obligations to us, and that if he should
+come to any terms with the Court, he would, if we thought proper, settle
+our affairs also, and that if we had not a mind to be reconciled to the
+Court, he would, in case it did attack us, publicly undertake our
+protection.  We answered that we had no other design in our proposals
+than the honour of being his humble servants, and that we should be very
+sorry if he had retarded his reconciliation with the Queen upon our
+account, praying that we might be permitted to continue in the same
+disposition towards the Cardinal as we were then, which we declared
+should not hinder us from paying all the respect and duty which we
+professed for his Highness.
+
+I must not forget to acquaint you that Madame de Guemenee, who ran away
+from Paris in a fright the moment it was besieged, no sooner heard that I
+had paid a visit to Mademoiselle de Chevreuse than she returned to town
+in a rage.  I was in such a passion with her for having cowardly deserted
+me that I took her by the throat, and she was so enraged at my
+familiarity with Mademoiselle de Chevreuse that she threw a candlestick
+at my head, but in a quarter of an hour we were very good friends.
+
+The Prince de Conde was no sooner reconciled with the Court than he was
+publicly reproached in the city for breaking his word with the Frondeurs;
+but I convinced him that he could not think such treatment strange in a
+city so justly exasperated against Mazarin, and that, nevertheless, he
+might depend on my best services, for which he assured me of his constant
+friendship.
+
+Moissans, now Marechal d'Albret, who was at the head of the King's
+gendarmes, accustomed himself and others to threaten the chief minister,
+who augmented the public odium against himself by reestablishing Emeri,
+a man detested by all the kingdom.  We were not a little alarmed at his
+reestablishment, because this man, who knew Paris better than the
+Cardinal, distributed money among the people to a very good purpose.
+This is a singular science, which is either very beneficial or hurtful in
+its consequences, according to the wisdom or folly of the distributor.
+
+These donations, laid out with discretion and secrecy, obliged us to
+yield ourselves more and more unto the bulk of the people, and, finding a
+fit opportunity for this performance, we took care not to let it slip,
+which, if they had been ruled by me, we should not have done so soon, for
+we were not yet forced to make use of such expedients.  It is not safe in
+a faction where you are only upon the defensive to do what you are not
+pressed to do, but the uneasiness of the subalterns on such occasions is
+troublesome, because they believe that as soon as you seem to be inactive
+all is lost.  I preached every day that the way was yet rough, and
+therefore must be made plain, and that patience in the present case was
+productive of greater effects than activity; but nobody comprehended the
+truth of what I said.
+
+An unlucky expression, dropped on this occasion by the Princesse de
+Guemenee, had an incredible influence upon the people.  She called to
+mind a ballad formerly made upon the regiment of Brulon, which was said
+to consist of only two dragoons and four drummers, and, inasmuch as she
+hated the Fronde, she told me very pleasantly that our party, being
+reduced to fourteen, might be justly compared to that regiment of Brulon.
+Noirmoutier and Laigues were offended at this expression to that degree
+that they continually murmured because I neither settled affairs nor
+pushed them to the last extremity.  Upon which I observed that heads of
+factions are no longer their masters when they are unable either to
+prevent or allay the murmurs of the people.
+
+The revenues of the Hotel de Ville, which are, as it were, the patrimony
+of the bourgeois, and which, if well managed, might be of special service
+to the King in securing to his interest an infinite number of those
+people who are always the most formidable in revolutions--this sacred
+fund, I say, suffered much by the licentiousness of the times, the
+ignorance of Mazarin, and the prevarication of the officers of the Hotel
+de Ville, who were his dependents, so that the poor annuitants met in
+great numbers at the Hotel de Ville; but as such assemblies without the
+Prince's authority are reckoned illegal, the Parliament passed a decree
+to suppress them.  They were privately countenanced by M. de Beaufort and
+me, to whom they sent a solemn deputation, and they made choice of twelve
+syndics to be a check upon the 'prevot des marchands'.
+
+On the 11th of December a pistol, as had been concerted beforehand, was
+fired into the coach of Joly, one of the syndics, which President
+Charton, another of the syndics, thinking was aimed at himself, the
+Marquis de la Boulaie ran as if possessed with a devil, while the
+Parliament was sitting, into the middle of the Great Hall, with fifteen
+or twenty worthless fellows crying out "To Arms!"  He did the like in the
+streets, but in vain, and came to Broussel and me; but the former
+reprimanded him after his way, and I threatened to throw him out at the
+window, for I had reason to believe that he acted in concert with the
+Cardinal, though he pretended to be a Frondeur.
+
+This artifice of Servien united the Prince to the Cardinal, because he
+found himself obliged to defend himself against the Frondeurs, who, as he
+believed, sought to assassinate him.  All those that were his own
+creatures thought they were not zealous enough for his service if they
+did not exaggerate the imminent danger he had escaped, and the Court
+parasites confounded the morning adventure with that at night; and upon
+this coarse canvas they daubed all that the basest flattery, blackest
+imposture, and the most ridiculous credulity was capable of imagining;
+and we were informed the next morning that it was the common rumour over
+all the city that we had formed a design of seizing the King's person and
+carrying him to the Hotel de Ville, and to assassinate the Prince.
+
+M. de Beaufort and I agreed to go out and show ourselves to the people,
+whom we found in such a consternation that I believed the Court might
+then have attacked us with success.  Madame de Montbazon advised us to
+take post-horses and ride off, saying that there was nothing more easy
+than to destroy us, because we had put ourselves into the hands of our
+sworn enemies.  I said that we had better hazard our lives than our
+honour.  To which she replied, "It is not that, but your nymphs, I
+believe, which keep you here" (meaning Mesdames de Chevreuse and
+Guemenee).  "I expect," she said, "to be befriended for my own sake, and
+don't I deserve it?  I cannot conceive how you can be amused by a wicked
+old hag and a girl, if possible, still more foolish.  We are continually
+disputing about that silly wretch" (pointing to M. de Beaufort, who was
+playing chess); "let us take him with us and go to Peronne."
+
+You are not to wonder that she talked thus contemptibly of M. de
+Beaufort, whom she always taxed with impotency, for it is certain that
+his love was purely Platonic, as he never asked any favour of her, and
+seemed very uneasy with her for eating flesh on Fridays.  She was so
+sweet upon me, and withal such a charming beauty, that, being naturally
+indisposed to let such opportunities slip, I was melted into tenderness
+for her, notwithstanding my suspicions of her, considering the then
+situation of affairs, and would have had her go with me into the cabinet,
+but she was determined first to go to Peronne, which put an end to our
+amours.
+
+Beaufort waited on the Prince and was well received, but I could not gain
+admittance.
+
+On the 14th the Prince de Conde went to Parliament and demanded that a
+committee might be appointed to inquire into the attempt made on his
+life.
+
+The Frondeurs were not asleep in the meantime, yet most of our friends
+were dispirited, and all very weak.
+
+The cures of Paris were my most hearty friends; they laboured with
+incredible zeal among the people.  And the cure of Saint Gervais sent me
+this message: "Do but rally again and get off the assassination, and in a
+week you will be stronger than your enemies."
+
+I was informed that the Queen had written to my uncle, the Archbishop of
+Paris, to be sure to go to the Parliament on the 23d, the day that
+Beaufort, Broussel, and I were to be impeached, because I had no right to
+sit in the House if he were present.  I begged of him not to go, but my
+uncle being a man of little sense, and that much out of order, and being,
+moreover, fearful and ridiculously jealous of me, had promised the Queen
+to go; and all that we could get out of him was that he would defend me
+in Parliament better than I could defend myself.  It is to be observed
+that though he chattered to us like a magpie in private, yet in public he
+was as mute as a fish.  A surgeon who was in the Archbishop's service,
+going to visit him, commended him for his courage in resisting the
+importunities of his nephew, who, said he, had a mind to bury him alive,
+and encouraged him to rise with all haste and go to the Parliament House;
+but he was no sooner out of his bed than the surgeon asked him in a
+fright how he felt.  "Very well," said my Lord.  "But that is
+impossible," said the surgeon; "you look like death," and feeling his
+pulse, he told him he was in a high fever; upon which my Lord Archbishop
+went to bed again, and all the kings and queens in Christendom could not
+get him out for a fortnight.
+
+We went to the Parliament, and found there the Princes with nearly a
+thousand gentlemen and, I may say, the whole Court.  I had few salutes in
+the Hall, because it was generally thought I was an undone man.  When I
+had entered the Great Chamber I heard a hum like that at the end of a
+pleasing period in a sermon.  When I had taken my place I said that,
+hearing we were taxed with a seditious conspiracy, we were come to offer
+our heads to the Parliament if guilty, and if innocent, to demand justice
+upon our accusers; and that though I knew not what right the Court had to
+call me to account, yet I would renounce all privileges to make my
+innocence apparent to a body for whom I always had the greatest
+attachment and veneration.
+
+Then the informations were read against what they called "the public
+conspiracy from which it had pleased Almighty God to deliver the State
+and the royal family," after which I made a speech, in substance as
+follows:
+
+"I do not believe, gentlemen, that in any of the past ages persons of our
+quality had ever received any personal summons grounded merely upon
+hearsay.  Neither can I think that posterity will ever believe that this
+hearsay evidence was admitted from the mouths of the most infamous
+miscreants that ever got out of a gaol.  Canto was condemned to the
+gallows at Pau, Pichon to the wheel at Mans, Sociande is a rogue upon
+record.  Pray, gentlemen, judge of their evidence by their character and
+profession.  But this is not all.  They have the distinguishing character
+of being informers by authority.  I am sorely grieved that the defence of
+our honour, which is enjoined us by the laws of God and man, should
+oblige me to expose to light, under the most innocent of Kings, such
+abominations as were detested in the most corrupt ages of antiquity and
+under the worst of tyrants.  But I must tell you that Canto, Sociande,
+and Gorgibus are authorised to inform against us by a commission signed
+by that august name which should never be employed but for the
+preservation of the most sacred laws, and which Cardinal Mazarin, who
+knows no law but that of revenge, which he meditates against the
+defenders of the public liberty, has forced M. Tellier, Secretary of
+State, to countersign.
+
+"We demand justice, gentlemen, but we do not demand it of you till we
+have first most humbly implored this House to execute the strictest
+justice that the laws have provided against rebels, if it appears that we
+have been concerned directly or indirectly in raising this last
+disturbance.  Is it possible, gentlemen, that a grandchild of Henri the
+Great, that a senator of M. Broussel's age and probity, and that the
+Coadjutor of Paris should be so much as suspected of being concerned in a
+sedition raised by a hot-brained fool, at the head of fifteen of the
+vilest of the mob?  I am fully persuaded it would be scandalous for me to
+insist longer on this subject.  This is all I know, gentlemen, of the
+modern conspiracy."
+
+The applause that came from the Court of Inquiry was deafening; many
+voices were heard exclaiming against spies and informers.  Honest Doujat,
+who was one of the persons appointed by the Attorney-General Talon, his
+kinsman, to make the report, and who had acquainted me with the facts,
+acknowledged it publicly by pretending to make the thing appear less
+odious.  He got up, therefore, as if he were in a passion, and spoke very
+artfully to this purpose:
+
+"These witnesses, monsieur, are not to accuse you, as you are pleased to
+say, but only to discover what passed in the meeting of the annuitants at
+the Hotel de Ville.  If the King did not promise impunity to such as will
+give him information necessary for his service, and which sometimes
+cannot be come at without involving evidence in a crime, how should the
+King be informed at all?  There is a great deal of difference between
+patents of this nature and commissions granted on purpose to accuse you."
+
+You might have seen fire in 'the face of every member.  The First
+President called out "Order!" and said, "MM. de Beaufort, le Coadjuteur,
+and Broussel, you are accused, and you must withdraw."
+
+As Beaufort and I were leaving our seats, Broussel stopped us, saying,
+"Neither you, gentlemen, nor I are bound to depart till we are ordered to
+do so by the Court.  The First President, whom all the world knows to be
+our adversary, should go out if we must."
+
+I added, "And M. le Prince," who thereupon said, with a scornful air:
+
+"What, I?  Must I retire?"
+
+"Yes, yes, monsieur," said I, "justice is no respecter of persons."
+
+The President de Mesmes said, "No, monseigneur, you must not go out
+unless the Court orders you.  If the Coadjutor insists that your Highness
+retire, he must demand it by a petition.  As for himself, he is accused,
+and therefore must go out; but, seeing he raises difficulties and
+objections to the contrary, we must put it to the vote."  And it was
+passed that we should withdraw.
+
+Meanwhile, most of the members passed encomiums upon us, satires upon the
+Ministry, and anathemas upon the witnesses for the Crown.  Nor were the
+cures and the parishioners wanting in their duty on this occasion.  The
+people came in shoals from all parts of Paris to the Parliament House.
+Nevertheless, no disrespect was shown either to the King's brother or to
+M. le Prince; only some in their presence cried out, "God bless M. de
+Beaufort!  God bless the Coadjutor!"
+
+M. de Beaufort told the First President next day that, the State and
+royal family being in danger, every moment was precious, and that the
+offenders ought to receive condign punishment, and that therefore the
+Chambers ought to be assembled without loss of time.  Broussel attacked
+the First President with a great deal of warmth.  Eight or ten
+councillors entered immediately into the Great Chamber to testify their
+astonishment at the indolence and indifference of the House after such a
+furious conspiracy, and that so little zeal was shown to prosecute the
+criminals.  MM. de Bignon and Talon, counsel for the Crown, alarmed the
+people by declaring that as for themselves they had no hand in the
+conclusions, which were ridiculous.  The First President returned very
+calm answers, knowing well that we should have been glad to have put him
+into a passion in order to catch at some expression that might bear an
+exception in law.
+
+On Christmas Day I preached such a sermon on Christian charity, without
+mentioning the present affairs, that the women even wept for the unjust
+persecution of an archbishop who had so great a tenderness for his very
+enemies.
+
+On the 29th M. de Beaufort and I went to the Parliament House,
+accompanied by a body of three hundred gentlemen, to make it appear that
+we were more than tribunes of the people, and to screen ourselves from
+the insults of the Court party.  We posted ourselves in the Fourth
+Chamber of the Inquests, among the courtiers, with whom we conversed very
+frankly, yet upon the least noise, when the debates ran high in the Great
+Chamber, we were ready to cut one another's throats eight or ten times
+every morning.  We were all distrustful of one another, and I may venture
+to say there were not twenty persons in the House but were armed with
+daggers.  As for myself, I had resolved to take none of those weapons
+inconsistent with my character, till one day, when it was expected the
+House would be more excited than usual, and then M. de Beaufort, seeing
+one end of the weapon peeping out of my pocket, exposed it to M. le
+Prince's captain of the guards and others, saying, "See, gentlemen, the
+Coadjutor's prayer-book."  I understood the jest, but really I could not
+well digest it.  We petitioned the Parliament that the First President,
+being our sworn enemy, might be expelled the House, but it was put to the
+vote and carried by a majority of thirty-six that he should retain his
+station of judge.
+
+Paris narrowly escaped a commotion at the time of the imprisonment of
+Belot, one of the syndics of the Hotel de Ville annuitants, who, being
+arrested without a decree, President de la Grange made it appear that
+there was nothing more contrary to the declaration for which they had
+formerly so exerted themselves.  The First President maintaining the
+legality of his imprisonment, Daurat, a councillor of the Third Chamber,
+told him that he was amazed that a gentleman who was so lately near being
+expelled could be so resolute in violating the laws so flagrantly.
+Whereupon the First President rose in a passion, saying that there was
+neither order nor discipline in the House, and that he would resign his
+place to another for whom they had more respect.  This motion put the
+Great Chamber all in a ferment, which was felt in the Fourth, where the
+gentlemen of both parties hastened to support their respective sides, and
+if the most insignificant lackey had then but drawn a sword, Paris would
+have been all in an uproar.
+
+We solicited very earnestly for our trial, which they delayed as much as
+it was in their power, because they could not choose but acquit us and
+condemn the Crown witnesses.  Various were the pretences for putting it
+off, and though the informations were not of sufficient weight to hang a
+dog, yet they were read over and over at every turn to prolong the time.
+
+The public began to be persuaded of our innocence, as also the Prince de
+Conde, and M. de Bouillon told me that he very much suspected it to be a
+trick of the Cardinal's.
+
+On the 1st of January, 1650, Madame de Chevreuse, having a mind to visit
+the Queen, with whom she had carried on in all her disgrace an
+unaccountable correspondence, went to the King's Palace.  The Cardinal,
+taking her aside in the Queen's little cabinet, said to her:
+
+"You love the Queen.  Is it not possible for you to make your friends
+love her?"
+
+"How can that be?"  said she; "the Queen is no more a Queen, but a humble
+servant to M. le Prince."
+
+"Good God!" replied the Cardinal; "we might do great things if we could
+get some men into our interest.  But M. de Beaufort is at the service of
+Madame de Montbazon, and she is devoted to Vigneul and the Coadjutor; "
+at the mention of which he smiled.  "I take you, monsieur," said Madame
+de Chevreuse; "I will answer for him and for her."
+
+Thus the conversation began, and the Cardinal making a sign to the Queen,
+Madame de Chevreuse had a long conference that night with her Majesty,
+who gave her this billet for me, written and signed with her own hand:
+
+     Notwithstanding what has passed and what is now doing, I cannot but
+     persuade myself that M. le Coadjuteur is in my interest.  I desire
+     to see him, and that nobody may know it but Madame and Mademoiselle
+     de Chevreuse.  This name shall be your security.
+                                                       ANNE
+
+Being convinced that the Queen was downright angry with the Prince de
+Conde on account of a rumour spread abroad that he had some intriguing
+gallantries with her Majesty, I weighed all circumstances and returned
+the answer to the Queen:
+
+     Never was there one moment of my life wherein I was not devoted to
+     your Majesty.  I am so far from consulting my own safety that I
+     would gladly die for your service .  .  .  I will go to any place
+     your Majesty shall order me.
+
+My answer, with the Queen's letter enclosed, was carried back by Madame
+de Chevreuse and well received.  I went immediately to Court, and was
+taken up the back staircase by the Queen's train-bearer to the petit
+oratoire, where her Majesty was shut up all alone.  She showed me as much
+kindness as she could, considering her hatred against M. le Prince and
+her friendship for the Cardinal, though the latter seemed the more to
+prevail, because in speaking of the civil wars and of the Cardinal's
+friendship for me she called him "the poor Cardinal" twenty times over.
+Half an hour after, the Cardinal came in, who begged the Queen to
+dispense with the respect he owed her Majesty while he embraced me in her
+presence.  He was pleased to say he was very sorry that he could not give
+me that very moment his own cardinal's cap.  He talked so much of
+favours, gratifications, and rewards that I was obliged to explain
+myself, knowing that nothing is more destructive of new reconciliations
+than a seeming unwillingness to be obliged to those to whom you are
+reconciled.  I answered that the greatest recompense I could expect,
+though I had saved the Crown, was to have the honour of serving her
+Majesty, and I humbly prayed the Queen to give me no other recompense,
+that at least I might have the satisfaction to make her Majesty sensible
+that this was the only reward I valued.
+
+The Cardinal desired the Queen to command me to accept of the nomination
+to the cardinalate, "which," said he, "La Riviere has snatched with
+insolence and acknowledged with treachery."  I excused myself by saying
+that I had taken a resolution never to accept of the cardinalship by any
+means which seemed to have relation to the civil wars, to the end that I
+might convince the Queen that it was the most rigid necessity which had
+separated me from her service.  I rejected upon the same account all the
+other advantageous propositions he made me, and, he still insisting that
+the Queen could do no less than confer upon me something that was very
+considerable for the signal service I was likely to do her Majesty, I
+answered:
+
+"There is one point wherein the Queen can do me more good than if she
+gave me a triple crown.  Her Majesty told me just now that she will cause
+M. le Prince to be apprehended.  A person of his high rank and merit
+neither can nor ought to be always shut up in prison, for when he comes
+abroad he will be full of resentment against me, though I hope my dignity
+will be my protection.  There are a great many gentlemen engaged with me
+who, in such a juncture, would be ready to serve the Queen.  And if it
+seemed good to your Majesty to entrust one of them with some important
+employment, I should be more pleased than with ten cardinals' hats."
+
+The Cardinal told the Queen that nothing was more just, and the affair
+should be considered between him and me.
+
+We had several conferences, at which we agreed on gratifications for some
+of our friends and to arrest the Prince de Conde, the Prince de Conti,
+and the Duc de Longueville.
+
+The Cardinal took occasion to speak of the treachery of La Riviere.
+"This man," said he, "takes me to be the most stupid creature living, and
+thinks he shall be to-morrow a cardinal.  I diverted myself to-day with
+letting him try on some scarlet cloth I lately received from Italy, and I
+put it near his face to know whether a scarlet colour or carnation became
+him best."
+
+I heard from Rome that his Eminence was not behindhand with La Riviere
+upon the score of treachery.  For on the very day he got him nominated by
+the King, he wrote a letter to Cardinal Sachelli more fit to recommend
+him to a yellow cap than to a red one.  This letter, nevertheless, was
+full of tenderness for La Riviere, which Mazarin knew was the only way to
+ruin him with Pope Innocent, who hated Mazarin and all his adherents.
+
+Madame de Chevreuse undertook to see how the Duc d'Orleans would relish
+the design of imprisoning the Princes.  She told him that, though the
+Queen was not satisfied with M. le Prince, yet she could not form a
+resolution of apprehending him without the concurrence of his Royal
+Highness.  She magnified the advantages of bringing over to the King's
+service the powerful faction of the Fronde, and the daily dangers Paris
+was exposed to, both by fire and sword.  This last reason touched him as
+much or more than all, for he trembled every time he came to the
+Parliament; M. le Prince very often could not prevail upon him to go at
+all, and a fit of colic was generally assigned as the reason of his
+absence.  At length he consented, and on the 18th of January the three
+Princes were put under arrest by three officers of the Queen's Guards.
+
+The people having a notion that M. de Beaufort was apprehended, ran to
+their arms, which I caused to be laid down immediately, by marching
+through the streets with flambeaux before me.  M. de Beaufort did the
+like, and the night concluded with bonfires.
+
+The Queen sent a letter from the King to the Parliament with the reasons,
+which were neither strong nor well set out, why the Prince de Conde was
+confined.  However, we obtained a decree for our absolution.
+
+The Princesses were ordered to retire to Chantilly.  Madame de
+Longueville went towards Normandy, but found no sanctuary there, for the
+Parliament of Rouen sent her a message to desire her to depart from the
+city.  The Duc de Richelieu would not receive her into Havre, and from
+there she retired to Dieppe.
+
+M. de Bouillon, who after the peace was strongly attached to the Prince
+de Conde, went in great haste to Turenne; M. de Turenne got into Stenai;
+M. de La Rochefoucault, then Prince de Marsillac, returned home to
+Poitou; and Marechal de Breze, father-in-law to the Prince de Conde, went
+to Saumur.
+
+There was a declaration published and registered in Parliament against
+them, whereby they were ordered to wait on the King within fifteen days,
+upon pain of being proceeded against as disturbers of the public peace
+and guilty of high treason.
+
+The Court carried all before them.  Madame de Longueville, upon the King
+going into Normandy, escaped by sea into Holland, whence she went
+afterwards to Arras, to try La Tour, one of her husband's pensioners, who
+offered her his person, but refused her the place.  She repaired at last
+to Stenai, whither M. de Turenne went to meet her, with all the friends
+and servants of the confined Princes that he could muster.  The King went
+from Normandy to Burgundy, and returned to Paris crowned with laurels of
+victory.
+
+The Princess-dowager, who had been ordered to retire to Bourges, came
+with a petition to Parliament, praying for their protection to stay in
+Paris, and that she might have justice done her for the illegal
+confinement of the Princes her children.  She fell at the feet of the Duc
+d'Orleans, begged the protection of the Duc de Beaufort, and said to me
+that she had the honour to be my kinswoman.  M. de Beaufort was very much
+perplexed what to do, and I was nearly ready to die for shame; but we
+could do nothing for her, and she was obliged to go to Valery.
+
+Several private annuitants, who had made a noise in the assemblies at the
+Hotel de Ville, were afraid of being called to account, and therefore,
+after M. le Prince was arrested, they desired me to procure a general
+amnesty.  I spoke about it to the Cardinal, who seemed very pliable, and,
+showing me his hatband, which was 'a la mode de la Fronde', said he hoped
+himself to be comprised in that amnesty; but he shuffled it off so long
+that it was not published and registered in Parliament till the 12th of
+May, and it would not have been obtained then had not I threatened
+vigorously to prosecute the Crown witnesses, of which they were mightily
+apprehensive, being so conscious of the heinousness of their crime that
+two of them had already made their escape.
+
+The present calm hardly deserved that name, for the storm of war began to
+rise again in several places at once.
+
+Madame de Longueville and M. de Turenne made a treaty with the Spaniards,
+and the latter joined their army, which entered Picardy and besieged
+Guise, after having taken Catelet; but for want of provisions the
+Archduke was obliged to raise the siege.  M. de Turenne levied troops
+with Spanish money, and was joined by the greater part of the officers
+commanding the soldiers that went under the name of the Prince's troops.
+
+The wretched conduct of M. d'Epernon had so confounded the affairs of
+Guienne that nothing but his removal could retrieve them.
+
+One of the greatest mischiefs which the despotic authority of ministers
+has occasioned in the world in these later times is a practice,
+occasioned by their own private mistaken interests, of always supporting
+superiors against their inferiors.  It is a maxim borrowed from
+Machiavelli, whom few understand, and whom too many cry up for an able
+man because he was always wicked.  He was very far from being a complete
+statesman, and was frequently out in his politics, but I think never more
+grossly mistaken than in this maxim, which I observed as a great weakness
+in Mazarin, who was therefore the less qualified to settle the affairs of
+Guienne, which were in so much confusion that I believe if the good sense
+of Jeannin and Villeroi had been infused into the brains of Cardinal de
+Richelieu, it would not have been sufficient to set them right.
+
+Senneterre, perceiving that Cardinal Mazarin and I were not cordial
+friends, undertook to reconcile us, and for that end took me to the
+Cardinal, who embraced me very tenderly, said he laid his heart upon the
+table, that was one of his usual phrases,--and protested he would talk as
+freely to me as if I were his own son.  I did not believe a word of what
+he said, but I assured his Eminence that I would speak to him as if he
+were my father, and I was as good as my word.  I told him I had no
+personal interest in view but to disengage myself from the public
+disturbances without any private advantage, and that for the same reason
+I thought myself obliged to come off with reputation and honour.
+I desired him to consider that my age and want of skill in public affairs
+could not give him any jealousy that I aimed to be the First Minister.
+I conjured him to consider also that the influence I had over the people
+of Paris, supported by mere necessity, did rather reflect disgrace than
+honour upon my dignity, and that he ought to believe that this one reason
+was enough to make me impatient to be rid of all these public broils,
+besides a thousand other inconveniences arising every moment, which
+disgusted me with faction.  And as for the dignity of cardinal, which
+might peradventure give him some umbrage, I could tell him very sincerely
+what had been and what was still my notion of this dignity, which I once
+foolishly imagined would be more honourable for me to despise than to
+enjoy.  I mentioned this circumstance to let him see that in my tender
+years I was no admirer of the purple, and not very fond of it now,
+because I was persuaded that an Archbishop of Paris could hardly miss
+obtaining that dignity some time or other, according to form, by actions
+purely ecclesiastical; and that he should be loth to use any other means
+to procure it.
+
+I said that I should be extremely sorry if my purple were stained with
+the least drop of blood spilt in the civil wars; that I was resolved to
+clear my hands of everything that savoured of intrigue before I would
+make or suffer any step which had any tendency that way; that he knew
+that for the same reason I would neither accept money nor abbeys, and
+that, consequently, I was engaged by the public declarations I had made
+upon all those heads to serve the Queen without any interest; that the
+only end I had in view, and in which I never wavered, was to come off
+with honour, so that I might resume the spiritual functions belonging to
+my profession with safety; that I desired nothing from him but the
+accomplishment of an affair which would be more for the King's service
+than for my particular interest; that he knew that the day after the
+arrest of the Prince he sent me with his promise to the annuitants of the
+Hotel de Ville, and that for want of performance those men were persuaded
+that I was in concert with the Court to deceive them.  Lastly, I told him
+that the access I had to the Duc d'Orleans might perhaps give him
+umbrage, but I desired him to consider that I never sought that honour,
+and that I was very sensible of the inconveniences attending it.
+I enlarged upon this head, which is the most difficult point to be
+understood by Prime Ministers, who are so fond of being freely admitted
+into a Prince's presence that, notwithstanding all the experience in the
+world, they cannot help thinking that therein consists the essence of
+happiness.
+
+When truth has come to a certain point, it darts such powerful rays of
+light as are irresistible, but I never knew a man who had so little
+regard for truth as Mazarin.  He seemed, however, more regardful of it
+than usual, and I laid hold of the occasion to tell him of the dangerous
+consequences of the disturbances of Guienne, and that if he continued to
+support M. d'Epernon, the Prince's faction would not let this opportunity
+slip; that if the Parliament of Bordeaux should engage in their party,
+it would not be long before that of Paris would do the same; that, after
+the late conflagration in this metropolis, he could not suppose but that
+there was still some fire hidden under the ashes; and that the factious
+party had reason to fear the heavy punishment to which the whole body of
+them was liable, as we ourselves were two or three months ago.  The
+Cardinal began to yield, especially when he was told that M. de Bouillon
+began to make a disturbance in the Limousin, where M. de La Rochefoucault
+had joined him with some troops.
+
+To confirm our reconciliation, a marriage was proposed between my niece
+and his nephew, to which he, gave his consent; but I was much averse to
+it, being not yet resolved to bury my family in that of Mazarin, nor did
+I set so great a value on grandeur as to purchase it with the public
+odium.  However, it produced no animosity on either side, and his friends
+knew that I should be very glad to be employed in making a general peace;
+they acted their parts so well that the Cardinal, whose love-fit for me
+lasted about a fortnight, promised me, as it were of his own accord, that
+I should be gratified.
+
+News came about this time from Guienne that the Ducs de Bouillon and de
+La Rochefoucault had taken Madame la Princesse into Bordeaux, together
+with M. le Duc, her son.  The Parliament was not displeased with the
+people for receiving into their city M. le Duc, yet they observed more
+decorum than could be expected from the inhabitants of Gascogne, so
+irritated as they were against M. d'Epernon.  They ordered that Madame la
+Princesse, M. le Duc, MM. de Bouillon and de La Rochefoucault should have
+liberty to stay in Bordeaux, provided they would promise to undertake
+nothing against the King's service, and that the petition of Madame la
+Princesse should be sent to the King with a most humble remonstrance from
+the Parliament against the confinement of the Princes.
+
+At the same time, one of the Presidents sent word to Senneterre that the
+Parliament was not so far enraged but that they would still remember
+their loyalty to the King, provided he did but remove M. d'Epernon.  But
+in case of any further delay he would not answer for the Parliament, and
+much less for the people, who, being now managed and supported by the
+Prince's party, would in a little time make themselves masters of the
+Parliament.  Senneterre did what he could to induce the Cardinal to make
+good use of this advice, and M. de Chateauneuf, who was now Chancellor,
+talked wonderfully well upon the point, but seeing the Cardinal gave no
+return to his reasons but by exclaiming against the Parliament of
+Bordeaux for sheltering men condemned by the King's declaration, he said
+to him very plainly, "Set out to-morrow, monsieur, if you do not arrange
+matters to-day; you should have been by this time upon the Garonne."
+
+The event proved that Chateauneuf was in the right, for though the
+Parliament was very excited, they stood out a long time against the
+madness of the people, spurred on by M. de Bouillon, and issued a decree
+ordering an envoy of Spain, who was sent thither to commence a treaty
+with the Duc de Bouillon, to depart the city, and forbade any of their
+body to visit such as had correspondence with Spain, the Princess herself
+not excepted.  Moreover, the mob having undertaken to force the
+Parliament to unite with the Princes, the Parliament armed the
+magistracy, who fired upon the people and made them retire.
+
+A little time before the King departed for Guienne, which was in the
+beginning of July, word came that the Parliament of Bordeaux had
+consented to a union with the Princes, and had sent a deputy to the
+Parliament of Paris, who had orders to see neither the King nor the
+ministers, and that the whole province was disposed for a revolt.  The
+Cardinal was in extreme consternation, and commended himself to the
+favour of the meanest man of the Fronde with the greatest suppleness
+imaginable.
+
+As soon as the King came to the neighbourhood of Bordeaux the deputies of
+Parliament, who went to meet the Court at Lebourne, were peremptorily
+commanded to open the gates of the city to the King and to all his
+troops.  They answered that one of their privileges was to guard the King
+themselves while he was in any of their towns.  Upon this, Marechal de La
+Meilleraye seized the castle of Vaire, in the command of Pichon, whom the
+Cardinal ordered to be hanged; and M. de Bouillon hanged an officer in
+Meilleraye's army by way of reprisal.
+
+After that the Marshal besieged the city in form, which, despairing of
+succour from Spain, was forced to capitulate upon the following terms:
+
+That a general pardon should be granted to all who had taken up arms and
+treated with Spain, that all the soldiers should be disbanded except
+those whom the King had a mind to keep in his pay, that Madame la
+Princesse and the Duke should be at liberty to reside either in Anjou or
+at Mouzon, with no more than two hundred foot and sixty horse, and that
+M. d'Epernon should be recalled from the government of Guienne.
+
+The Princess had an interview with both the King and Queen, at which
+there were great conferences between the Cardinal and the Ducs de
+Bouillon and de La Rochefoucault.
+
+The deputy from Bordeaux, arriving at Paris soon after the King's
+departure, went immediately, to Parliament, and, after an eloquent
+harangue, presented a letter from the Parliament of Bordeaux, together
+with their decrees, and demanded a union between the two Parliaments.
+After some debates it was resolved that the deputy should deliver his
+credentials in writing, which should be presented to his Majesty by the
+deputies of the Parliament of Paris, who would, at the same time, most
+humbly beseech the Queen to restore peace to Guienne.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans was against debating about the petition to the Queen
+for the liberation of the Priuces and the banishment of Cardinal Mazarin;
+nevertheless, many of the members voted for it, upon a motion made by the
+President Viole, who was a warm partisan of the Prince de Conde, not
+because he had hopes of carrying it, but on purpose to embarrass M. de
+Beaufort and myself upon a subject of which we did not care to speak, and
+yet did not dare to be altogether silent about, without passing in some
+measure for Mazarinists.  President Viole did the Prince a great deal of
+service on this occasion, for Bourdet a brave soldier, who had been
+captain of the Guards and was attached to the interest of the Prince--
+performed an action which emboldened the party very much, though it had
+no success.  He dressed himself and fourscore other officers of his
+troops in mason's clothes, and having assembled many of the dregs of the
+people, to whom he had distributed money, came directly to the Duc
+d'Orleans as he was going out, and cried, "No Mazarin!  God bless the
+Princes!"  His Royal Highness, at this apparition and the firing of a
+brace of pistols at the same time by Bourdet, ran to the Great Chamber;
+but M. de Beaufort stood his ground so well with the Duke's guards and
+our men, that Bourdet was repulsed and thrown down the Parliament stairs.
+
+But the confusion in the Great Chamber was still worse.  There were daily
+assemblies, wherein the Cardinal was severely attacked, and the Prince's
+party had the pleasure of exposing us as his accomplices.  What is very
+strange is that at the same time the Cardinal and his friends accused us
+of corresponding with the Parliament of Bordeaux, because we maintained,
+in case the Court did not adjust affairs there, we would infallibly bring
+the Parliament of Paris into the interest of the Prince.  If I were at
+the point of death I should have no need to be confessed on account of my
+behaviour on this occasion.  I acted with as much sincerity in this
+juncture as if I had been the Cardinal's nephew, though really it was not
+out of any love to him, but because I thought myself obliged in prudence
+to oppose the progress of the Prince's faction, owing to the foolish
+conduct of his enemies; and to this end I was obliged to oppose the
+flattery of the Cardinal's tools as much as the efforts made by those who
+were in the service of the Prince.
+
+On the 3d of September President Bailleul returned with the other
+deputies, and made a report in Parliament of his journey to Court; it
+was, in brief, that the Queen thanked the Parliament for their good
+intentions, and had commanded them to assure the Parliament in her name
+that she was ready to restore peace to Guienne, and that it would have
+been done before now had not M. de Bouillon, who had treated with the
+Spaniards, made himself master of Bordeaux, and thereby cut off the
+effects of his Majesty's goodness.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans informed the House that he had received a letter from
+the Archduke, signifying that the King of Spain having sent him full
+powers to treat for a general peace, he desired earnestly to negotiate it
+with him.  But his Royal Highness added that he did not think it proper
+to return him any answer till he had the opinion of the Parliament.  The
+trumpeter who brought the letter gathered a party at Tiroir cross, and
+spoke very seditious words to the people.  The next day they found libels
+posted up and down the city in the name of M. de Turenne, setting forth
+that the Archduke was coming with no other disposition than to make
+peace, and in one of them were these words: "It is your business,
+Parisians, to solicit your false tribunes, who have turned at last
+pensioners and protectors of Mazarin, who have for so long a time sported
+with your fortunes and repose, and spurred you on, kept you back, and
+made you hot or cold, according to the caprices and different progress of
+their ambition."
+
+You see the state and condition the Frondeurs were in at this juncture,
+when they could not move one step but to their own disadvantage.  The Duc
+d'Orleans spoke to me that night with a, great deal of bitterness against
+the Cardinal, which he had never done before, and said he had been
+tricked by him twice, and that he was ruining himself, the State, and all
+of us, and would, by so doing, place the Prince de Conde upon the throne.
+In short, Monsieur owned that it was not yet time to humble the Cardinal.
+"Therefore," said M. Bellievre, "let us be upon our guard; this man can
+give us the slip any moment."
+
+Next day a letter was sent from the Prince de Conde, by the Baron de
+Verderonne, to the Archduke, desiring him to name the time, place and
+persons for a treaty.  The Baron returned with a letter from the Archduke
+to his Royal Highness, desiring that the conferences might be held
+between Rheims and Rhetel, and that they might meet there personally,
+with such others as they should think fit to bring with them.  The Court
+was surprised, but, however, did not think fit to delay sending full
+powers to his Royal Highness to treat for peace on such terms as he
+thought reasonable and advantageous for the King's service; and there
+were joined with him, though in subordination, MM. Mole, the First
+President, d'Avaux, and myself, with the title of Ambassadors
+Extraordinary and Plenipotentiaries.  M. d'Avaux obliged me to assure Don
+Gabriel de Toledo, in private, that if the Spaniards would but come to
+reasonable terms, we would conclude a peace with them in two days' time.
+And his Royal Highness said that Don Gabriel being a lover of money, I
+should promise him for his part 100,000 crowns if the conference that was
+proposed ended in a peace, and bid him tell the Archduke that, if the
+Spaniards proposed reasonable terms, he would sign and have them
+registered in Parliament before Mazarin should know anything of the
+matter.
+
+Don Gabriel received the overture with joy; he had some particular
+fancies, but Fuensaldagne, who had a particular kindness for him, said
+that he was the wisest fool he ever saw in his life.  I have remarked
+more than once that this sort of man cannot persuade, but can insinuate
+perfectly well, and that the talent of insinuation is of more service
+than that of persuasion, because one may insinuate to a hundred where one
+can hardly persuade five.
+
+The King of England, after having lost the battle of Worcester, arrived
+in Paris the day that Don Gabriel set out, the 13th of September, 1651.
+My Lord Taff was his great chamberlain, valet de chambre, clerk of the
+kitchen, cup-bearer, and all,--an equipage answerable to his Court, for
+his Majesty had not changed his shirt all the way from England.  Upon his
+arrival at Paris, indeed, he had one lent him by my Lord Jermyn; but the
+Queen, his mother, had not money to buy him another for the next day.
+The Duc d'Orleans went to compliment his Majesty upon his arrival, but it
+was not in my power to persuade his Royal Highness to give his nephew one
+penny, because, said he, "a little would not be worth his acceptance, and
+a great deal would engage me to do as much hereafter."  This leads me to
+make the following digression: that there is nothing so wretched as to be
+a minister to a Prince, and, at the same time, not his favourite; for it
+is his favour only that gives one a power over the more minute concerns
+of the family, for which the public does, nevertheless, think a minister
+accountable when they, see he has power over affairs of far greater
+consequence.
+
+Therefore I was not in a condition to oblige his Royal Highness by
+assisting the King of England with a thousand pistoles, for which I was
+horridly, ashamed, both upon his account anal my own; but I borrowed
+fifteen hundred for him from M. Morangis, and carried them to my Lord
+Taff.--[Lord Clarendon extols the civilities of Cardinal de Retz to King
+Charles II., and has reported a curious conversation which the Cardinal
+had with that Prince.]--It is remarkable that the same night, as I was
+going home, I met one Tilney, an Englishman whom I had formerly known at
+Rome, who told me that Vere, a great Parliamentarian and a favourite of
+Cromwell, had arrived in Paris and had orders to see me.  I was a little
+puzzled; however, I judged it would be improper to refuse him an
+interview.  Vere gave me a brief letter from Cromwell in the nature of
+credentials, importing that the sentiments I had enunciated in the
+"Defence of Public Liberty" added to my reputation, and had induced
+Cromwell to desire to enter with me into the strictest friendship.  The
+letter was in the main wonderfully civil and complaisant.  I answered it
+with a great deal of respect, but in such a manner as became a true
+Catholic and an honest Frenchman.  Vere appeared to be a man of
+surprising abilities.
+
+I now return to our own affairs.  I was told as a mighty secret that
+Tellier had orders from the Cardinal to remove the Princes from the Bois
+de Vincennes if the enemy were likely to come near the place, and that he
+should endeavour by all means to procure the consent of the Duc d'Orleans
+for that end; but that, in case of refusal, these orders should be
+executed notwithstanding, and that he should endeavour to gain me to
+these measures by the means of Madame de Chevreuse.  When Tellier came to
+me I assured him that it was all one, both to me and the Duc d'Orleans,
+whether the Princes were removed or not, but since my opinion was
+desired, I must declare that I think nothing can be more contrary to the
+true interest of the King; "for," said I, "the Spaniards must gain a
+battle before they can come to Vincennes, and when there they must have a
+flying camp to invest the place before they can deliver the Princes from
+confinement, and therefore I am convinced that there is no necessity for
+their removal, and I do affirm that all unnecessary changes in matters
+which are in themselves disagreeable are pernicious, because odious.
+I will maintain, further, that there is less reason to fear the Duc
+d'Orleans and the Frondeurs than to dread the Spaniards.  Suppose that
+his Royal Highness is more disaffected towards the Court than anybody;
+suppose further that M. de Beaufort and I have a mind to relieve the
+Princes, in what way could we do it?  Is not the whole garrison in that
+castle in the King's service?  Has his Royal Highness any regular troops
+to besiege Vincennes?  And, granting the Frondeurs to be the greatest
+fools imaginable, will they expose the people of Paris at a siege which
+two thousand of the King's troops might raise in a quarter of an hour
+though it consist of a hundred thousand citizens?  I therefore conclude
+that the removal would be altogether impolitic.  Does it not look rather
+as if the Cardinal feigns apprehension of the Spaniards only as a
+pretence to make himself master of the Princes, and to dispose of their
+persons at pleasure?  The generality of the people, being Frondeurs, will
+conclude you take the Prince de Conde out of their hands,--whom they look
+upon to be safe while they see him walking upon the battlements of his
+prison,--and that you will give him his liberty when you please, and thus
+enable him to besiege Paris a second time.  On the other hand, the
+Prince's party will improve this removal very much to their own advantage
+by the compassion such a spectacle will raise in the people when they see
+three Princes dragged in chains from one prison to another.  I was really
+mistaken just now when I said the case was all one to me, for I see that
+I am nearly concerned, because the people--in which word I include the
+Parliament will cry out against it; I must be then obliged, for my own
+safety, to say I did not approve of the resolution.  Then the Court will
+be informed that I find fault with it, and not only that, but that I do
+it in order to raise the mob and discredit the Cardinal, which, though
+ever so false; yet in consequence the people will firmly believe it, and
+thus I shall meet with the same treatment I met with in the beginning of
+the late troubles, and what I even now experience in relation to the
+affairs of Guienne.  I am said to be the cause of these troubles because
+I foretold them, and I was said to encourage the revolt at Bordeaux
+because I was against the conduct that occasioned it."
+
+Tellier, in the Queen's name, thanked me for my unresisting disposition,
+and made the same proposal to his Royal Highness; upon which I spoke, not
+to second Tellier, who pleaded for the necessity of the removal, to which
+I could by no means be reconciled, but to make it evident to his Royal
+Highness that he was not in any way concerned in it in his own private
+capacity, and that, in case the Queen did command it positively, it was
+his duty to obey.  M. de Beaufort opposed it so furiously as to offer the
+Duc d'Orleans to attack the guards which were to remove him.  I had solid
+reasons to dissuade him from it, to the last of which he submitted, it
+being an argument which I had from the Queen's own mouth when she set out
+for Guienne, that Bar offered to assassinate the Princes if it should
+happen that he was not in a condition to hinder their escape.  I was
+astonished when her Majesty trusted me with this secret, and imagined
+that the Cardinal had possessed her with a fear that the Frondeurs had a
+design to seize the person of the Prince de Conde.  For my part, I never
+dreamed of such a thing in my life.  The Ducs d'Orleans and de Beaufort
+were both shocked at the thought of it, and, in short, it was agreed that
+his Royal Highness should give his consent for the removal, and that M.
+de Beaufort and myself should not give it out among the people that we
+approved of it.
+
+The day that the Princes were removed to Marcoussi, President Bellievre
+told the Keeper of the Seals in plain terms, that if he continued to
+treat me as he had done hitherto, he should be obliged in honour to give
+his testimony to the truth.  To which the Keeper of the Seals returned
+this blunt answer: "The Princes are no longer in sight of Paris; the
+Coadjutor must not therefore talk so loud."
+
+I return now to the Parliament, which was so moderate at this time that
+the Cardinal was hardly mentioned, and they agreed, 'nemine
+contradicente', that the Parliament should send deputies to Bordeaux to
+know once for all if that Parliament was for peace or not.
+
+Soon after this the Parliament of Toulouse wrote to that of Paris
+concerning the disturbances in Guienne, part whereof belonged to their
+jurisdiction, and expressly demanded a decree of union.  But the Duc
+d'Orleans warded off the blow very dexterously, which was of great
+consequence, and, more by his address than by his authority, brought the
+Parliament to dismiss the deputies with civil answers and insignificant
+expressions, upon which President Bellievre said to me, "What pleasure
+should we not take in acting as we do if it were for persons that had but
+the sense to appreciate it!"
+
+The Parliament did not continue long in that calm.  They passed a decree
+to interrogate the State prisoners in the Bastille, broke out sometimes
+like a whirlwind, with thunder and lightning, against Cardinal Mazarin;
+at other times they complained of the misapplication of the public funds.
+We had much ado to ward off the blows, and should not have been able to
+hold out long against the fury of the waves but for the news of the Peace
+of Bordeaux, which was registered there on October the 1st, 1650, and put
+the Prince de Conde's party into consternation.
+
+One mean artifice of Cardinal Mazarin's polity was always to entertain
+some men of our own party, with whom, half reconciled, he played fast and
+loose before our eyes, and was eternally negotiating with them, deceiving
+and being deceived in his turn.  The consequence of all this was a great,
+thick cloud, wherein the Frondeurs themselves were at last involved; but
+which they burst with a thunderclap.
+
+The Cardinal, being puffed up with his success in settling the troubles
+of Guienne, thought of nothing else than crowning his triumph by
+chastising the Frondeurs, who, he said, had made use of the King's
+absence to alienate the Duc d'Orleans from his service, to encourage the
+revolt at Bordeaux, and to make themselves masters of the persons of the
+Princes.  At the same time, he told the Princess Palatine that he
+detested the cruel hatred I bore to the Prince de Conde, and that the
+propositions I made daily to him on that score were altogether unworthy
+of a Christian.  Yet he suggested to the Duc d'Orleans that I made great
+overtures to him to be reconciled to the Court, but that he could not
+trust me, because I was from morning to night negotiating with the
+friends of the Prince de Conde.  Thus the Cardinal rewarded me for what I
+did with incredible application and, I must say, uncommon sincerity for
+the Queen's service during the Court's absence.  I do not mention the
+dangers I was in twice or thrice a day, surpassing even those of soldiers
+in battles.  For imagine, I beseech you, what pain and anguish I must
+have been in at hearing myself called a Mazarinist, and at having to bear
+all the odium annexed to that hateful appellation in a city where he made
+it his business to destroy me in the opinion of a Prince whose nature it
+was to be always in fear and to trust none but such as hoped to rise by
+my fall.
+
+The Cardinal gave himself such airs after the peace at Bordeaux that some
+said my best way would be to retire before the King's return.
+
+Cardinal Mazarin had been formerly secretary to Pancirole, the Pope's
+nuncio for the peace of Italy, whom he betrayed, and it was proved that
+he had a secret correspondence with the Governor of Milan.  Pancirole,
+being created cardinal and Secretary of State to the Church, did not
+forget the perfidiousness of his secretary, now created cardinal by Pope
+Urban, at the request of Cardinal de Richelieu, and did not at all
+endeavour to qualify the anger which Pope Innocent had conceived against
+Mazarin after the assassination of one of his nephews, in conjunction
+with Cardinal Anthony.
+
+     [Anthony Barberini, nephew to Urban VIII., created Cardinal 1628,
+     made Protector of the Crown of France 1633, and Great Almoner of the
+     Kingdom 1653.  He was afterwards Bishop of Poitiers, and, lastly,
+     Archbishop of Rheims in 1657.  Died 1671.]
+
+Pancirole, who thought he could not affront Mazarin more than by
+contributing to make me cardinal, did me all the kind offices with Pope
+Innocent, who gave him leave to treat with me in that affair.
+
+Madame de Chevreuse told the Queen all that she had observed in my
+conduct in the King's absence, and what she had seen was certainly one
+continued series of considerable services done to the Queen.
+
+She recounted at last all the injustice done me, the contempt put upon
+me, and the just grounds of my diffidence, which, she said, of necessity
+ought to be removed, and that the only means of removing it was the hat.
+The Queen was in a passion at this.  The Cardinal defended himself, not
+by an open denial, for he had offered it me several times, but by
+recommending patience, intimating that a great monarch should be forced
+to nothing.  Monsieur, seconding Madame de Chevreuse in her attack,
+assailed the Cardinal, who, at least in appearance, gave way, out of
+respect for his Royal Highness.  Madame de Chevreuse, having brought them
+to parley, did not doubt that she should also bring them to capitulate,
+especially when she saw the Queen was appeased, and had told his Royal
+Highness that she was infinitely obliged to him, and would do what her
+Council judged most proper and reasonable.  This Council, which was only
+a specious name, consisted only of the Cardinal, the Keeper of the Seals,
+Tellier, and Servien.
+
+The matter was proposed to the Council by the Cardinal with much
+importunity, concluding with a most submissive petition to the Queen to
+condescend to the demand of the Duc d'Orleans, and to what the services
+and merits of the Coadjutor demanded.  The proposition was rejected with
+such resolution and contempt as is very unusual in Council in opposition
+to a Prime Minister.  Tellier and Servien thought it sufficient not to
+applaud him; but the Keeper of the Seals quite forgot his respect for the
+Cardinal, accused him of prevarication and weakness, and threw himself at
+her Majesty's feet, conjuring her in the name of the King her son, not to
+authorise, by an example which he called fatal, the insolence of a
+subject who was for wresting favours from his sovereign, sword in hand.
+The Queen was moved at this, and the poor Cardinal owned he had been too
+easy and pliant.
+
+I had myself given a very natural handle to my adversaries to expose me
+so egregiously.  I have been guilty of many blunders, but I think this is
+the grossest that I ever was guilty of in all my life.  I have frequently
+made this observation, that when men have, through fear of miscarriage,
+hesitated a long time about any undertaking of consequence, the remaining
+impressions of their fear commonly push them afterwards with too much
+precipitancy upon the execution of their design.  And this was my case.
+It was with the greatest reluctance that I determined to accept the
+dignity of a cardinal, because I thought it too mean to form a pretension
+to it without certainty of success; and no sooner was I engaged in the
+pursuit of it but the impression of the former fearful ideas hurried me
+on, as it were, to the end, that I might get as soon as possible out of
+the disagreeable state of uncertainty.
+
+The Cardinal would have paid my debts, given me the place of Grand
+Almoner, etc.; but if he had added twelve cardinals' hats into the
+bargain, I should have begged his excuse.  I was now engaged with
+Monsieur, who had, meanwhile, resolved upon the release of the Princes
+from their confinement.
+
+Cardinal Mazarin, after his return to Paris, made it his chief study to
+divide the Fronde.  He thought to materially weaken my interest with
+Monsieur by detaching from me Madame de Chevreuse, for whom he had a
+natural tenderness, and to give me a mortal blow by embroiling me with
+Mademoiselle her daughter.  To do this effectually he found a rival, who,
+he hoped, would please her better, namely, M. d'Aumale, handsome as
+Apollo, and one who was very likely to suit the temper of Mademoiselle de
+Chevreuse.  He had entirely devoted himself to the Cardinal's interest,
+looked upon himself as very much honoured by this commission, and haunted
+the Palace of Chevreuse so diligently that I did not doubt but that he
+was sent thither to act the second part of the comedy which had
+miscarried so shamefully in the hands of M. de Candale.  I watched all
+his movements, and complained to Mademoiselle de Chevreuse, but she gave
+me indirect answers.  I began to be out of humour, and was soon appeased.
+I grew peevish again; and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse saying in his
+presence, to please me and to sting him, that she could not imagine how
+it was possible to bear a silly fellow, "Pardon me, mademoiselle,"
+replied I, "we suffer fops sometimes very patiently for the sake of their
+extravagances."  This man was notoriously foppish and extravagant.  My
+answer pleased, and we soon got rid of him at the Palace of Chevreuse.
+But he thought to have despatched me, for he hired one Grandmaison, a
+ruffian, to assassinate me, who apprised me of his design.  The first
+time I met M. d'Aumale, which was at the Duc d'Orleans's house, I did not
+fail to let him know it; but I told it him in a whisper, saying that I
+had too much respect for the House of Savoy to publish it to the world.
+He denied the fact, but in such a manner as to make it more evident,
+because he conjured me to keep it secret.  I gave him my word, and I kept
+it.
+
+Madame de Guemenee, with whom I had several quarrels, proposed to the
+Queen likewise to despatch me, by shutting me up in a greenhouse in her
+garden, which she might easily have done, because I often went to her
+alone by night; but the Cardinal, fearing that the people would have
+suspected him as the author of my sudden disappearance, would not enter
+into the project, so it was dropped.
+
+To return to our negotiations for the freedom of the Princes.  The Duc
+d'Orleans was with much difficulty induced to sign the treaty by which a
+marriage was stipulated between Mademoiselle de Chevreuse and the Prince
+de Conti, and to promise not to oppose my promotion to the dignity of a
+cardinal.  The Princes were as active in the whole course of these
+negotiations as if they had been at liberty.  We wrote to them, and they
+to us, and a regular correspondence between Paris and Lyons was never
+better established than ours.  Bar,
+
+     [Bar was, according to M. Joly, an unsociable man, who was for
+     raising his fortune by using the Princes badly, and who, on this
+     account, was often the dupe of Montreuil, secretary to the Prince de
+     Conti.--See JOLY'S "Memoirs," vol. i., p. 88.]
+
+their warder, was a very shallow fellow; besides, men of sense are
+sometimes outwitted.
+
+Cardinal Mazarin, upon his return with the King from Guienne, was greatly
+pleased with the acclamations of the mob, but he soon grew weary of them,
+for the Frondeurs still kept the wall.
+
+The Cardinal being continually provoked at Paris by the Abbe Fouquet, who
+sought to make himself necessary, and being so vain as to think himself
+qualified to command an army, marched abruptly out of Paris for
+Champagne, with a design to retake Rhetel and Chateau-Portien, of which
+the enemy were possessed, and where M. de Turenne proposed to winter.
+
+On the feast of Saint Martin, the First President and the Attorney-
+General Talon exhorted the Parliament to be peaceable, that the enemies
+of the State might have no advantage.  A petition was read from Madame la
+Princesse, desiring that the Princes should be brought to the Louvre and
+remain in the custody, of one of the King's officers, and that the
+Solicitor-General be sent for to say what he had to allege against their
+innocence, and that in case he should have nothing solid to offer they be
+set at liberty.
+
+The Chambers, being assembled on the 7th of December, to take the affair
+into consideration, Talon, the Attorney-General, informed the House that
+the Queen had sent for the King's Council, and ordered them to let the
+Parliament know that it was her pleasure that the House should not take
+any cognisance of the Princess's petition, because everything that had
+relation to the confinement of the Princes belonged to the royal
+authority.  Talon made a motion that the Parliament should depute some
+members to carry the petition to the Queen, and to beseech her Majesty to
+take it into her consideration.  At the same time another petition was
+presented from Mademoiselle de Longueville, for the liberty of the Duke
+her father, and that she might have leave to stay in Paris to solicit it.
+
+No sooner was this petition read than a letter from the three Princes was
+presented and read, praying that they might be brought to trial or set at
+liberty.
+
+On the 9th day of the month an order was brought to the Parliament from
+the King, commanding the House to suspend all deliberations on this
+subject till they had first sent their deputies to Court to know his
+Majesty's pleasure.
+
+Deputies were sent immediately, to whom, accordingly, the Queen gave
+audience in bed, telling them that she was very much indisposed.  The
+Keeper of the Seals added that it was the King's pleasure that the
+Parliament should not meet at all until such time as the Queen his mother
+had recovered her health.
+
+On the 10th the House resolved to adjourn only to the 14th, and on that
+day a general procession was proposed to the Archbishop by the Dean of
+Parliament, to beg that God would inspire them with such counsels only as
+might be for the good of the public.
+
+On the 14th they received the King's letter, forbidding their debates,
+and informing them that the Queen would satisfy them very speedily about
+the affair of the Princes; but this letter was disregarded.  They sent a
+deputation to invite the Duc d'Orleans to come to the House, but, after
+consulting with the Queen, he told the deputies that he did not care to
+go, that the Assembly was too noisy, that he could not divine what they
+would be at, that the affairs in debate were never known to fall under
+their cognisance, and that they had nothing else to do but to refer the
+said petitions to the Queen.
+
+On the 18th news came that Marechal du Plessis had gained a signal
+victory over M. de Turenne, who was coming to succour Rhetel, but found
+it already surrendered to Marechal du Plessis; and the Spanish garrison,
+endeavouring to retreat, was forced to an engagement on the plains of
+Saumepuis; that about 2,000 men were killed upon the spot, among the rest
+a brother of the Elector Palatine, and six colonels, and that there were
+nearly 4,000 prisoners, the most considerable of whom were several
+persons of note, and all the colonels, besides twenty colours and eighty-
+four standards.  You may easily guess at the consternation of the
+Princes' party; my house was all night filled with the lamentations of
+despairing mourners, and I found the Duc d'Orleans, as it were, struck
+dumb.
+
+On the 19th, as I went to the Parliament House, the people looked
+melancholy, dejected, and frightened out of their wits.  The members were
+afraid to open their mouths, and nobody would mention the name of Mazarin
+except Menardeau Champre, who spoke of him with encomiums, by giving him
+the honour of the victory of Rhetel, and then he moved the House to
+entreat the Queen to put the Princes into the hands of that good and wise
+Minister, who would be as careful of them as he had been hitherto of the
+State.  I wondered most of all that this man was not hissed in the House,
+and especially as he passed through the Great Hall.  This circumstance,
+together with what I saw that afternoon in every street, convinced me how
+much our friends were dispirited, and I therefore resolved next day to
+raise their courage.  I knew the First President to be purblind, and such
+men greedily swallow every new fact which confirms them in their first
+impression.  I knew likewise the Cardinal to be a man that supposed
+everybody had a back door.  The only way of dealing with men of that
+stamp is to make them believe that you design to deceive those whom you
+earnestly endeavour to serve.
+
+For this reason, on the 20th, I declaimed against the disorders of the
+State, and showed that it having pleased Almighty God to bless his
+Majesty's arms and to remove the public enemy from our frontiers by the
+victory gained over them by Marechal du Plessis, we ought now to apply
+ourselves seriously to the healing of internal wounds of the State, which
+are the more dangerous because they are less obvious.  To this I thought
+fit to add that I was obliged to mention the general oppression of the
+subjects at a time when we had nothing more to fear from the lately
+routed Spaniards; that, as one of the props of the public safety was the
+preservation of the royal family, I could not without the utmost concern
+see the Princes breathe the unwholesome air of Havre-de-Grace, and that I
+was of opinion that the House should humbly entreat the King to remove
+them, at least to some place more healthy.  At this speech everybody
+regained their courage and concluded that all was not yet lost.  It was
+observed that the people's countenances were altered.  Those in the Great
+Hall resumed their former zeal, made the usual acclamations as we went
+out, and I had that day three hundred carriages of visitors.
+
+On the 22d the debate was continued, and it was more and more observed
+that the Parliament did not follow the triumphant chariot of Cardinal
+Mazarin, whose imprudence in hazarding the fate of the whole kingdom in
+the last battle was set off with all the disadvantages that could be
+invented to tarnish the victory.
+
+The 30th crowned the work, and produced a decree for making most humble
+remonstrances to the Queen for the liberty of the Princes and for
+Mademoiselle de Longueville staying in Paris.
+
+It was further resolved to send a deputation to the Duc d'Orleans, to
+desire his Royal Highness to use his interest on this occasion in favour
+of the said Princes.
+
+The King's Council having waited on her Majesty with the remonstrances
+aforesaid, she pretended to be under medical treatment, and put off the
+matter a week longer.  The Duc d'Orleans also gave an ambiguous answer.
+The Queen's course of treatment continued eight or ten days longer than
+she imagined, or, rather, than she said, and consequently the
+remonstrances of the Parliament were not made till the 20th of January,
+1651.
+
+On the 28th the First President made his report, and said the Queen had
+promised to return an answer in a few days.
+
+It happened very luckily for us at this time that the imprudence of the
+Cardinal was greater than the inconstancy of the Duc d'Orleans, for a
+little before the Queen returned an answer to the remonstrances, he
+talked very roughly to the Duke in the Queen's presence, charging him
+with putting too much confidence in me.  The very day that the Queen made
+the aforesaid answer he spoke yet more arrogantly to the Duke in her
+Majesty's apartment, comparing M. de Beaufort and myself to Cromwell and
+Fairfax in the House of Commons in England, and exclaimed furiously in
+the King's presence, so that he frightened the Duke, who was glad he got
+out of the King's Palace with a whole skin, and who said that he would
+never put himself again in the power of that furious woman, meaning the
+Queen, because she had improved on what the Cardinal had said to the
+King.  I resolved to strike the iron while it was hot, and joined with M.
+de Beaufort to persuade his Royal Highness to declare himself the next
+day in Parliament.  We showed him that, after what had lately passed,
+there was no safety for his person, and if the King should go out of
+Paris, as the Cardinal designed, we should be engaged in a civil war,
+whereof he alone, with the city of Paris, must bear the heavy load; that
+it would be equally scandalous and dangerous for his Royal Highness
+either to leave the Princes in chains, after having treated with them,
+or, by his dilatory proceedings, suffer Mazarin to have all the honour of
+setting them at liberty, and that he ought by all means to go to the
+Parliament House.
+
+The Duchess, too, seconded us, and upon his Highness saying that if he
+went to the House to declare against the Court the Cardinal would be sure
+to take his Majesty out of Paris, the Duchess replied, "What, monsieur,
+are you not Lieutenant-General of France?  Do not you command the army?
+Are you not master of the people?  I myself will undertake that the King
+shall not go out of Paris."  The Duke nevertheless remained inflexible,
+and all we could get out of him was that he would consent to my telling
+the Parliament, in his name, what we desired he should say himself.  In a
+word, he would have me make the experiment, the success of which he
+looked upon to be very uncertain, because he thought the Parliament would
+have nothing to say against the Queen's answer, and that if I succeeded
+he should reap the honour of the proposition.  I readily accepted the
+commission, because all was at stake, and if I had not executed it the
+next morning I am sure the Cardinal would have eluded setting the Princes
+at liberty a great while longer, and the affair have ended in a
+negotiation with them against the Duke.
+
+The Duchess, who saw that I exposed myself for the public good, pitied me
+very much.  She did all she could to persuade the Duke to command me to
+mention to the Parliament what the Cardinal had told the King with
+relation to Cromwell, Fairfax and the English Parliament, which, if
+declared in the Duke's name, she thought would excite the House the more
+against Mazarin; and she was certainly in the right.  But he forbade me
+expressly.
+
+I ran about all night to incite the members at their first meeting to
+murmur at the Queen's answer, which in the main was very plausible,
+importing that, though this affair did not fall within the cognisance of
+Parliament, the Queen would, however, out of her abundant goodness, have
+regard to their supplications and restore the Princes to liberty.
+Besides, it promised a general amnesty to all who had borne arms in their
+favour, on condition only that M. de Turenne should lay down his arms,
+that Madame de Longueville should renounce her treaty with Spain, and
+that Stenai and Murzon should be evacuated.
+
+At first the Parliament seemed to be dazzled with it, but next day, the
+1st of February, the whole House was undeceived, and wondered how it had
+been so deluded.  The Court of Inquests began to murmur; Viole stood up
+and said that the Queen's answer was but a snare laid for the Parliament
+to beguile them; that the 12th of March, the time fixed for the King's
+coronation, was just at hand; and that as soon as the Court was out of
+Paris they, would laugh at the Parliament.  At this discourse the old and
+new Fronde stood up, and when I saw they, were greatly excited I waved
+my, cap and said that the Duke had commanded me to inform the House that
+the regard he had for their sentiments having confirmed him in those he
+always naturally, entertained of his cousins, he was resolved to concur
+with them for procuring their liberty, and to contribute everything in
+his power to effect it; and it is incredible what influence these few
+words had upon the whole assembly.  I was astonished at it myself.  The
+wisest senators seemed as mad as the common people, and the people madder
+than ever.  Their acclamations exceeded anything you can imagine, and,
+indeed, nothing less was sufficient to give heart to the Duke, who had
+all night been bringing forth new projects with more sorrowful pangs and
+throes (as the Duchess expressed it) than ever she had felt when in
+labour with all her children.
+
+When he was fully informed of the good success of his declaration, he
+embraced me several times before all the company, and M. Tellier going to
+wait upon him from the Queen, to know if he acknowledged what I had said
+in his name in the House, "Yes," replied he, "I own, and always will own,
+all that he shall say or act in my name."  We thought that after a solemn
+declaration of this nature the Duke would not scruple to take all the
+necessary precautions to prevent the Cardinal carrying away the King, and
+to that end the Duchess did propose to have all the gates of the city
+well guarded, under pretence of some popular tumults.  But he was deaf to
+all she said, pretending that he was loth to make his King a prisoner.
+
+On the 2d of February, 1651, the Duke, urged very importunately by the
+Princes' party informing him that their liberty depended on it, told them
+that he was going to perform an action which would remove all their
+diffidence.  He sent immediately for the Keeper of the Seals, Marechal
+Villeroi; and Tellier, and bade them tell the Queen that he would never
+come to the Palais Royal as long as Mazarin was there, and that he could
+no longer treat with a man that ruined the State.  And, then, turning
+towards Marechal Villeroi, "I charge you," said he, "with the King's
+person; you shall be answerable for him to me."  I was sadly afraid this
+would be a means to hasten the King's departure, which was what we
+dreaded most of all, and I wondered that the Cardinal did not remove
+after such a declaration.  I thought his head was turned, and indeed I
+was told that he was beside himself for a fortnight together.
+
+The Duke having openly declared against Mazarin, and being resolved to
+attack and drive him out of the kingdom, bade me inform the House next
+day, in his name, how the Cardinal had compared their body to the Rump
+Parliament in England, and some of their members to Cromwell and Fairfax.
+I improved upon this as much as possible, and I daresay that so much heat
+and ferment was never seen in any society before.  Some were for sending
+the Cardinal a personal summons to appear on the spot, to give an account
+of his administration; but the most moderate were for making most humble
+remonstrances to the Queen for his removal.  You may easily guess what a
+thunderclap this must have been to the Court.  The Queen asked the Duke
+whether she might bring the Cardinal to his Royal Highness.  His answer
+was that he did not think it good for the safety of his own person.  She
+offered to come alone to confer with his Highness at the Palais
+d'Orleans, but he excused himself with a great deal of respect.
+
+He sent orders an hour after to the Marshals of France to obey him only,
+as Lieutenant-General of the State, and likewise to the 'prevots des
+marchands' not to take up arms except by his authority.  You will wonder,
+without doubt, that after all this noise no care was taken of the gates
+of Paris to prevent the King's departure.  The Duchess, who trembled at
+the thoughts of it, daily redoubled her endeavours to induce the Duke to
+secure the gates of the city, but all to no purpose; for weak minds are
+generally deficient in some respect or other.
+
+On the 4th the Duke came to the Parliament and assured the assembly of
+his concurrence in everything to reform the State and to procure the
+liberty of the Princes and the Cardinal's removal.  As soon as his Royal
+Highness had done speaking, the Master of the Ceremonies was admitted
+with a letter from the King, which was read, and which required the House
+to separate, and to send as many deputies as they could to the Palais
+Royal to hear the King's will and pleasure.  Deputies were accordingly
+sent immediately, for whose return the bulk of the members stayed in the
+Great Chamber.  I was informed that this was one trick among others
+concerted to ruin me, and, telling the Duc d'Orleans of it, he said that
+if the old buffoon, the Keeper of the Seals, was concerned in such a
+complication of folly and knavery, he deserved to be hanged by the side
+of Mazarin.  But the sequel showed that I was not out in my information.
+
+As soon as the deputies were come to the Palais Royal, the First
+President told the Queen that the Parliament was extremely concerned that
+the Princes were still confined, notwithstanding her royal promise for
+setting them at liberty.  The Queen replied that Marchal de Grammont was
+sent to release them and to see to their necessary security for the
+public tranquillity, but that she had sent for them in relation to
+another affair, which the Keeper of the Seals would explain to them, and
+which he couched in a sanguinary manifesto, in substance as follows:
+
+"All the reports made by the Coadjutor in Parliament are false, and
+invented by him.  He lies!" (This is the only word the Queen added to
+what was already written).  "He is a very wicked, dangerous man, and
+gives the Duke very pernicious advice; he wants to ruin the State because
+we have refused to make him cardinal, and has publicly boasted that he
+will set fire to the four corners of the kingdom, and that he will have
+100,000 men in readiness to dash out the brains of those that shall
+attempt to put it out."  These expressions were very harsh, and I am sure
+that I never said anything like that; but it was of no use at this time
+to make the cloud which was gathering over the head of Mazarin fall in a
+storm upon mine.  The Court saw that Parliament was assembled to pass a
+decree for setting the Princes at liberty, and that the Duke in person
+was declaring against Mazarin in the Grand Chamber, and therefore they
+believed that a diversion would be as practicable as it was necessary,
+namely, to bring me upon my trial in such a manner that the Parliament
+could not refuse nor secure me from the railleries of the most
+inconsiderable member.  Everything that tended to render the attack
+plausible was made use of, as well as everything that might weaken my
+defence.  The writing was signed by the four Secretaries of State, and,
+the better to defeat all that I could say in my justification, the Comte
+de Brienne was sent at the heels of the deputies with an order to desire
+the Duc d'Orleans to come to a conference with the Queen in relation to
+some few difficulties that remained concerning the liberty of the
+Princes.
+
+When the deputies had returned to Parliament, the First President began
+with reading the paper which had been delivered to him against me, upon
+which you might have read astonishment in every face.  Menardeau, who was
+to open the trenches against me, was afraid of a salvo from the Great
+Hall, where he found such a crowd of people, and heard so many
+acclamations to the Fronde, and so many imprecations against Mazarin,
+that he durst not open his mouth against me, but contented himself with a
+pathetic lamentation of the division that was in the State, and
+especially in the royal family.  The councillors were so divided that
+some of them were for appointing public prayers for two days; others
+proposed to desire his Royal Highness to take care of the public safety.
+I resolved to treat the writing drawn up against me by the Cardinal as a
+satire and a libel, and, by some ingenious, short passage, to arouse the
+minds of my hearers.  As my memory did not furnish me with anything in
+ancient authors that had any relation to my subject, I made a small
+discourse in the best Latin I was capable of, and then spoke thus:
+
+"Were it not for the profound respect I bear to the persons who have
+spoken before me, I could not forbear complaining of their not crying out
+against such a scurrilous, satirical paper, which was just now read,
+contrary to all forms of proceeding, and written in the same style as
+lately profaned the sacred name of the King, to encourage false witnesses
+by letters-patent.  I believe that those persons thought this paper,
+which is but a sally of the furious Mazarin, to be much beneath
+themselves and me.  And that I may conform my opinion to theirs, I will
+answer only by repeating a passage from an ancient author: 'In the worst
+of times I did not forsake the city, in the most prosperous I had no
+particular views, and in the most desperate times of all I feared
+nothing.' I desire to be excused for running into this digression.  I
+move that you would make humble remonstrances to the King, to desire him
+to despatch an order immediately for setting the Princes at liberty, to
+make a declaration in their favour, and to remove Cardinal Mazarin from
+his person and Councils."
+
+My opinion was applauded both by the Frondeurs and the Prince's party,
+and carried almost 'nemine contradicente'.
+
+Talon, the Attorney-General, did wonders.  I never heard or read anything
+more eloquent or nervous.  He invoked the names of Henri the Great, and
+upon his knees recommended the kingdom of France in general to the
+protection of Saint Louis.
+
+Brienne, who had been sent by the Queen to desire an interview with the
+Duc d'Orleans, was dismissed with no other answer than that the Duke
+would come to pay his humble duty to the Queen as soon as the Princes
+were at liberty, and Cardinal Mazarin removed from the King's person and
+Councils.
+
+On the 5th of February there was an assembly of the, nobility at Nemours
+for recovering their privileges.  I opposed it to the utmost of my power,
+for I had experienced more than once that nothing can be more pernicious
+to a party than to engage without any necessity in such affairs as have
+the bare appearance of faction, but I was obliged to comply.  This
+assembly, however, was so terrifying to the Court that six companies of
+the Guards were ordered to mount, with which the Duc d'Orleans was so
+offended that he sent word to the officers, in his capacity of
+Lieutenant-General of the State, to receive no orders but from himself.
+They answered very respectfully, but as men devoted to the Queen's
+interest.
+
+On the 6th, the Duke having taken his place in the Parliament, the King's
+Council acquainted the House that, having been sent to wait on her
+Majesty with the remonstrances, her Majesty's answer was that no person
+living wished more for the liberty of the Princes than herself, but that
+it was reasonable at the same time to consult the safety of the State;
+that as for Cardinal Mazarin, she was resolved to retain him in her
+Council as long as she found his assistance necessary for the King's
+service; and that it did not belong to the Parliament to concern
+themselves with any of her ministers.
+
+The First President was shrewdly attacked in the House for not being more
+resolute in speaking to the Queen.  Some were for sending him back to
+demand another audience in the afternoon; and the Duc d'Orleans having
+said that the Marshals of France were dependent on Mazarin, it was
+resolved immediately that they should obey none but his Royal Highness.
+
+I was informed that very evening that the Cardinal had made his escape
+out of Paris in disguise, and that the Court was in a very great
+consternation.
+
+The Cardinal's escape was the common topic of conversation, and different
+reasons were assigned to it, according to the various interests of
+different parties.  As for my part, I am very well persuaded that fear
+was the only reason of his flight, and that nothing else hindered him
+from taking the King and the Queen along with him.  You will see in the
+sequel of this history that he endeavoured to get their Majesties out of
+Paris soon after he had made his escape, and that it was concerted in all
+probability before he left the Court; but I could never understand why he
+did not put it into execution at a time when he had no reason to fear the
+least opposition.
+
+On the 17th the Parliament ordered the thanks of the House to be returned
+to the Queen for removing the Cardinal, and that she should be humbly
+asked to issue an order for setting the Princes at liberty, and a
+declaration for excluding all foreigners forever from the King's Council.
+The First President being deputed with the message, the Queen told him
+that she could return him no answer till she had conferred with the Duc
+d'Orleans, to whom she immediately deputed the Keeper of the Seals,
+Marechal Villeroi, and Tellier; but he told them that he could not go to
+the Palais Royal till the Princes were set at liberty and the Cardinal
+removed further from the Court.  For he observed to the House that the
+Cardinal was no further off than at Saint Germain, where he governed all
+the kingdom as before, that his nephew and his nieces were yet at Court;
+and the Duke proposed that the Parliament should humbly beseech the Queen
+to explain whether the Cardinal's removal was for good and all.  If I had
+not seen it, I could not have imagined what a heat the House was in that
+day.  Some were for an order that there should be no favourites in France
+for the future.  They became at length of the opinion of his Royal
+Highness, namely, to address the Queen to ask her to explain herself with
+relation to the removal of Cardinal Mazarin and to solicit orders for the
+liberty, of the Princes.
+
+On the same day the Queen sent again to desire the Duc d'Orleans to come
+and take his place in the Council, and to tell him that, in case he did
+not think it convenient, she would send the Keeper of the Seals to
+concert necessary measures with him for setting the Princes at liberty.
+His Royal Highness accepted the second, but rejected the first proposal,
+and treated M. d'Elbeuf roughly, because he was very pressing with his
+Royal Highness to go to the King's Palace.  The messengers likewise
+acquainted the Duke that they were ordered to assure him that the removal
+of the Cardinal was forever.  You will see presently that, in all
+probability, had his Royal Highness gone that day to Court, the Queen
+would have left Paris and carried the Duke along with her.
+
+On the 19th the Parliament decreed that, in pursuance of the Queen's
+declaration, the Cardinal should, within the space of fifteen days,
+depart from his Majesty's dominions, with all his relations and foreign
+servants; otherwise, they should be proceeded against as outlaws, and it
+should be lawful for anybody to despatch them out of the way.
+
+I suspected that the King would leave Paris that very day, and I was
+almost asleep when I was sent for to go to the Duc d'Orleans, whom
+Mademoiselle de Chevreuse went to awaken in the meantime; and, while I
+was dressing, one of her pages brought me a note from her, containing
+only these few words:
+
+"Make haste to Luxembourg, and be upon your guard on the way."  I found
+Mademoiselle de Chevreuse in his chamber, who acquainted me that the King
+was out of bed, and had his boots on ready for a journey from Paris.
+
+I waited on the Duke, and said, "There is but one remedy, which is, to
+secure the gates of Paris."  Yet all that we could obtain of him was to
+send the captain of the Swiss Guards to wait on the Queen and desire her
+Majesty to weigh the consequences of an action of that nature.  His
+Duchess, perceiving that this expedient, if not supported effectually,
+would ruin all, and that his Royal Highness was still as irresolute as
+ever, called for pen and ink that lay upon the table in her cabinet, and
+wrote these words on a large sheet of paper:
+
+     M. le Coadjuteur is ordered to take arms to hinder the adherents of
+     Cardinal Mazarin, condemned by the Parliament, from carrying the
+     King out of Paris.
+                                   MARGUERITE DE LORRAINE.
+
+Des Touches, who found the Queen bathed in tears, was charged by her
+Majesty to assure the Duc d'Orleans that she never thought of carrying
+away the King, and that it was one of my tricks.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans saying at the House next day that orders for the
+Princes' liberty would be despatched in two hours' time, the First
+President said, with a deep sigh, "The Prince de Conde is at liberty, but
+our King, our sovereign Lord and King, is a prisoner."  The Duc
+d'Orleans, being now not near so timorous as before, because he had
+received more acclamations in the streets than ever, replied, "Truly the
+King has been Mazarin's prisoner, but, God be praised, he is now in
+better hands."
+
+The Cardinal, who hovered about Paris till he heard the city had taken up
+arms, posted to Havre-de-Grace, where he fawned upon the Prince de Conde
+with a meanness of spirit that is hardly to be imagined; for he wept, and
+even fell down on his knees to the Prince, who treated him with the
+utmost contempt, giving him no thanks for his release.
+
+On the 16th of February the Princes, being set at liberty, arrived in
+Paris, and, after waiting on the Queen, supped with M. de Beaufort and
+myself at the Duc d'Orleans's house, where we drank the King's health and
+"No Mazarin!"
+
+On the 17th his Royal Highness carried them to the Parliament House, and
+it is remarkable that the same people who but thirteen months before made
+bonfires for their confinement did the same now for their release.
+
+On the 20th the declaration demanded of the King against the Cardinal,
+being brought to be registered in Parliament, was sent back with
+indignation because the reason of his removal was coloured over with so
+many encomiums that it was a perfect panegyric.  Honest Broussel, who
+always went greater lengths than anybody, was for excluding all cardinals
+from the Ministry, as well as foreigners in general, because they swear
+allegiance to the Pope.  The First President, thinking to mortify me,
+lauded Broussel for a man of admirable good sense, and espoused his
+opinion; and the Prince de Conde, too, seemed to be overjoyed, saying,
+"It is a charming echo."  Indeed, I might well be troubled to think that
+the very day after a treaty wherein the Duc d'Orleans declared that he
+was resolved to make me a cardinal, the Prince should second a
+proposition so derogatory to that dignity.  But the truth is, the Prince
+had no hand in it, for it came naturally, and was supported for no other
+reason but because nothing that was brought as an argument against
+Mazarin could then fail of being approved at the same time.  I had some
+reason to think that the motion was concerted beforehand by my enemies,
+to keep me out of the Ministry.  Nevertheless, I was not offended with
+the Parliament, the bulk of whom I knew to be my friends, whose sole aim
+was to effectually demolish Mazarin, and I acquiesced in the solid
+satisfaction which I had in being considered in the world as the expeller
+of Mazarin, whom everybody hated, and the deliverer of the Princes, who
+were as much their darlings.
+
+The continual chicanery of the Court provoked the Parliament of Paris to
+write to all the Parliaments of France to issue decrees against Cardinal
+Mazarin, which they did accordingly.  The Parliament obliged the Court to
+issue a declaration setting forth the innocence of the Princes, and
+another for the exclusion of cardinals--French as well as foreigners--
+from the King's Council, and the Parliament had no rest till the Cardinal
+retired from Sedan to Breule, a house belonging to the Elector of
+Cologne.
+
+I had advice sent me from the Duchesse d'Orleans to be upon my guard, and
+that she was on the point of dying with fear lest the Duke should be
+forced by the daily menaces of the Court to abandon me.  I thereupon
+waited on the Duke, and told him that, having had the honour and
+satisfaction of serving his Royal Highness in the two affairs which he
+had most at heart,--namely, the expelling of Mazarin and the releasing of
+the Princes his cousins,--I found myself now obliged to reassume the
+functions of my profession; that the present opportunity seemed both to
+favour and invite my retreat, and if I neglected it I should be the most
+imprudent man living, because my presence for the future would not only
+be useless but even prejudicial to his Royal Highness, whom I knew to be
+daily importuned and irritated by the Court party merely upon my account;
+and therefore I conjured him to make himself easy, and give me leave to
+retire to my cloister.  The Duke spared no kind words to retain me in his
+service, promised never to forsake me, confessed that he had been urged
+to it by the Queen, and that, though his reunion with her Majesty and the
+Princes obliged him to put on the mask of friendship, yet he could never
+forget the great affronts and injuries which he had received from the
+Court.  But all this could not dissuade me, and the Duke at last gave his
+approbation, with repeated assurances to allow me a place next his heart
+and to correspond with me in secret.
+
+Having taken my leave of the Princes, I retired accordingly to my
+cloister of Notre-Dame, where I did not trust Providence so far as to
+omit the use of human means for defending myself against the insults of
+my enemies.
+
+Except the visits which I paid in the night-time to the Hotel de
+Chevreuse, I conversed with none but canons and cures.  I was the object
+of raillery both at Court and at the Palace of Conde; and because I had
+set up a bird-cage at a window, it became a common jest that "the
+Coadjutor whistled to the linnets."  The disposition of Paris, however,
+made amends for the raillery of the Court.  I found myself very secure,
+while other people were very uneasy.  The cures, parish priests, and even
+the mendicants, informed themselves with diligence of the negotiations of
+the Prince de Conde.  I gave M. de Beaufort a thrust now and then, which
+he knew not how to parry with all his cunning, and the Duc d'Orleans, who
+in his heart was enraged against the Court, continued his correspondence
+with me very faithfully.
+
+Soon after, the Marechal du Plessis came to me at midnight and embraced
+me, saying, "I greet you as our Prime Minister."  When he saw that I
+smiled, he added, "I do not jest; you may be so if you please.  The Queen
+has ordered me to tell you that she puts the King and Crown into your
+hands."  He showed me a letter written in the Cardinal's own hand to the
+Queen, which concluded thus:
+
+     "You know, madame, that the greatest enemy I have in the world is
+     the Coadjutor.  Make use of him rather than treat with the Prince
+     upon those conditions he demands.  Make him a cardinal, give him my
+     place, and lodge him in my apartments.  Perhaps he will be still
+     more attached to the Duc d'Orleans than to your Majesty; but the
+     Duke is not for the ruin of the State.  His intentions in the main
+     are not bad.  In a word, madame, do anything rather than grant the
+     Prince his demand to have the government of Provence added to that
+     of Guienne."
+
+I told the Marshal that I could not but be highly obliged to his
+Eminence, and that I was under infinite obligations to the Queen; and to
+show my gratitude, I humbly begged her Majesty to permit me to serve her
+without any private interest of my own; said that I was very incapable
+for the place of Prime Minister upon many accounts, and that it was not
+consistent with her Majesty's dignity to raise a man to that high post
+who was still reeking, as it were, with the fumes of faction.
+
+"But," said the Marshal, "the place must be filled by somebody, and as
+long as it is vacant the Prince will be always urging that Cardinal
+Mazarin is to have it again."
+
+"You have," said I, "persons much fitter for it than I."  Then he showed
+me a letter signed by the Queen, promising me all manner of security if I
+would come to Court.  I went thither at midnight, according to agreement,
+and the Marshal, who introduced me to the Queen by the back stairs,
+having withdrawn, her Majesty used all the arguments she could to
+persuade me to accept the place of Prime Minister, which I was determined
+to refuse, because I found that she had the Cardinal at heart more than
+ever; for, as soon as she saw I would not accept the post of Prime
+Minister, she offered me the cardinal's hat, but with this proviso, that
+I would use my utmost endeavours towards the restoration of Cardinal
+Mazarin.  Then I judged it high time for me to speak my mind, which I did
+as follows:
+
+"It is a great affliction to me, madame, that public affairs are reduced
+to such a pass as not only warrants, but even commands a subject to speak
+to his sovereign in the style in which I am now about to address your
+Majesty.  It is well known to you that one of my worst crimes in the
+Cardinal's opinion is that I foretold all these things, and that I have
+passed for the author of events of which I was only the prophet.  Your
+Majesty would fain extricate yourself with honour, and you are in the
+right; but permit me to tell you, as my opinion, that it can never be
+effected so long as your Majesty entertains any thoughts of
+reestablishing Mazarin.  I should fail in the respect I owe to your
+Majesty if I pretended to thwart your Majesty's opinion with regard to
+the Cardinal in any other way than with my most humble remonstrances; but
+I humbly conceive I do but discharge my bounden duty while I respectfully
+represent to your Majesty wherein I may be serviceable or useless to you
+at this critical juncture.  Your Majesty has the Prince to cope with,
+who, indeed, is for the restoration of the Cardinal, but upon condition
+that you give him such powers beforehand as will enable him to ruin him
+at pleasure.  To resist the Prince you want the Duc d'Orleans, who is
+absolutely against the Cardinal's reestablishment, and who, provided he
+be excluded, will do what your Majesty pleases to command him.  You will
+neither satisfy the Prince nor the Duke.  I am extremely desirous to
+serve your Majesty against the one and with the other, but I can do
+neither the one nor the other without making use of proper means for
+obtaining those two different ends."
+
+"Come over to me," said she, "and I shall not care a straw for all the
+Duke can do."
+
+I answered, "Should I do so, and should it appear never so little that I
+was on terms of reconciliation with the Cardinal, I could serve your
+Majesty with neither the Duke nor the people, for both would hate me
+mortally, and I should be as useless to your Majesty as the Bishop of
+Dole."
+
+At this the Queen was very angry, and said, "Heaven bless my son the
+King, for he is deserted by all the world!  I do all I can for you, I
+offer you a place in my Council, I offer you the cardinalship; pray what
+will you do for me?"
+
+I said that I did not come to receive favours, but to try to merit them.
+
+At this the Queen's countenance began to brighten, and she said, very
+softly, "What is it, then, that you will do?"
+
+"Madame," said I, "I will oblige the Prince, before a week is at an end,
+to leave Paris; and I will detach the Duke from his interest to-morrow."
+
+The Queen, overjoyed, held out her hand and said, "Give me yours, and I
+promise you that you shall be cardinal the next day, and the second man
+in my friendship."  She desired also that Mazarin and I might be good
+friends; but I answered that the least touch upon that string would put
+me out of tune and render me incapable of doing her any service;
+therefore I conjured her to let me still enjoy the character of being his
+enemy.
+
+"Was anything," said the Queen, "ever so strange and unaccountable?  Can
+you not possibly serve me without being the enemy of him in whom I most
+confide?"
+
+I told her it must needs be so.  "Madame," I said, "I humbly beseech your
+Majesty to let me tell you that, as long as the place of Prime Minister
+is not filled up, the Prince will increase in power on pretence that it
+is kept vacant to receive the Cardinal by a speedy restoration."
+
+"You see," said her Majesty, "how the Prince treats me; he has insulted
+me ever since I disowned my two traitors,--Servien and Lionne."  I took
+the opportunity while she was flushed with anger to make my court to her
+by saying that before two days were at an end the Prince should affront
+her no longer.  But the tenderness she had for her beloved Cardinal made
+her unwilling to consent that I should continue to exclaim against his
+Eminence in Parliament, where one was obliged to handle him very roughly
+almost every quarter of an hour.  She bade me remember that it was the
+Cardinal who had solicited my nomination.  I answered that I was highly
+obliged to his Eminence upon that score, and that I was ready to give him
+proofs of my acknowledgment in anything wherein my honour was not
+concerned, but that I should be a double-dealer if I promised to
+contribute to his reestablishment.  Then she said, "Go! you are a very
+devil.  See Madame Palatine, and let me hear from you the night before
+you go to the Parliament."
+
+I do not think I was in the wrong to refuse her offer.  We must never
+jest with proffered service; for if it be real, we can never embrace it
+too much; but if false, we can never keep at too great a distance.
+I lamented to the public the sad condition of our affairs, which had
+obliged me to leave my dear retirement, where, after so much disturbance
+and confusion, I hoped to enjoy comfortable rest; that we were falling
+into a worse condition than we were in before, because the State suffered
+more by the daily negotiations carried on with Mazarin than it had done
+by his administrations; and that the Queen was still buoyed up with hopes
+of his reestablishment.
+
+The Prince de Conde having inflamed the Parliament, to make himself more
+formidable to the Queen and Court, some new scenes were opened every day.
+At one time they sent to the provinces to inform against the Cardinal; at
+another time they made search after his effects at Paris.
+
+I went one day with four hundred men in my company to the Parliament
+House, where the Prince de Conde inveighed against the exportation of
+money out of the kingdom by the Cardinal's banker.  But afterwards I
+absented myself for awhile from Parliament, which made me suspected of
+being less an enemy to the Cardinal, and I was pelted with a dozen or
+fifteen libels in the space of a fortnight, by a fellow whose nose had
+been slit for writing a lampoon against a lady of quality.  I composed a
+short but general answer to all, entitled "An Apology for the Ancient and
+True Fronde."  There was a strong paper war between the old and new
+Fronde for three or four months, but afterwards they united in the attack
+on Mazarin.  There were about sixty volumes of tracts written during the
+civil war, but I am sure that there are not a hundred sheets worth
+reading.
+
+I was sent for again to another private conference with the Queen, who,
+dreading an arrangement with the Prince de Conde, was for his being
+arrested, and advised me to consider how it might be done.  It seems that
+M. Hoquincourt had offered to kill him in the street, as the shortest way
+to be rid of him, for she desired me to confer about it with Hoquincourt,
+"who will," said she, "show you a much surer way."  The Queen,
+nevertheless, would not own she had ever such a thought, though she was
+heard to say, "The Coadjutor is not a man of so much courage as I took
+him for."
+
+The next day I was informed that the Queen could endure the Prince no
+longer, and that she had advices that he had formed a design to seize the
+King; that he had despatched orders to Flanders to treat with the
+Spaniards, and that either he or she must be ruined; that she was not for
+shedding blood, and that what Hoquincourt proposed was far from it,
+because he promised to secure the Prince without striking a blow if I
+would answer for the people.
+
+The Parliament continued to prosecute Mazarin, who was convicted of
+embezzling some nine millions of the public money.  The Prince assembled
+the Chambers, and persuaded them to issue a new decree against all those
+of the Court party who held correspondence with the said Cardinal.
+
+The Prince de Conde, being uneasy at seeing Mazarin's creatures still at
+Court, retired to Saint Maur on the 6th of July, 1651.  On the 7th the
+Prince de Conti acquainted the Parliament with the reasons for his
+departure, and talked in general of the warnings he had received from
+different hands of a design the Court had formed against his life, adding
+that his brother could not be safe at Court as long as Tellier, Servien,
+and Lionne were not removed.  There was a very hot debate in the ensuing
+session between the Prince de Conti and the First President.  The latter
+talked very warmly against his retreat to Saint Maur, and called it a
+melancholy prelude to a civil war.  He hinted also that the said Prince
+was the author of the late disturbances, upon which the Prince de Conti
+threatened that had he been in any other place he would have taught him
+to observe the respect due to Princes of the blood.  The First President
+said that he did not fear his threats, and that he had reason to complain
+of his Royal Highness for presuming to interrupt him in a place where he
+represented the King's person.  Both parties were now in hot blood, and
+the Duke, who was very glad to see it, did not interpose till he could
+not avoid it, and then he told them both that they should endeavour to
+keep their temper.
+
+On the 14th of July a decree was passed, upon a motion made by the Duc
+d'Orleans, that the thanks of the Parliament should be presented to her
+Majesty for her gracious promise that the Cardinal should never return;
+that she should be most humbly entreated to send a declaration to
+Parliament, and likewise to give the Prince de Conde all the necessary
+securities for his return; and that those persons who kept up
+correspondence with Mazarin should be immediately prosecuted.
+
+On the 18th the First President carried the remonstrances of the
+Parliament to the Queen, and though he took care to keep within the terms
+of the decree, by not naming the under ministers, yet he pointed them out
+in such a manner that the Queen complained bitterly, saying that the
+First President was "an unaccountable man, and more vexatious than any of
+the malcontents."
+
+When I took the liberty to show her that the representative of an
+assembly could not, without prevarication, but deliver the thoughts of
+the whole body, though they might be different from his own, she replied,
+very angrily, "These are mere republican maxims."
+
+I will give you an account of the success of the remonstrances after I
+have related an adventure to you which happened at the Parliament House
+during these debates.
+
+The importance of the subject drew thither a large number of ladies who
+were curious to hear what passed.  Madame and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse,
+with many other ladies, were there the evening before the decree was
+passed; but they were singled out from the rest by one Maillard, a
+brawling fellow, hired by the Prince's party.  As ladies are commonly
+afraid of a crowd, they stayed till the Duc d'Orleans and the rest were
+gone out, but when they came into the hall they were hooted by twenty or
+thirty ragamuffins of the same quality as their leader, who was a
+cobbler.  I knew nothing of it till I came to the Palace of Chevreuse,
+where I found Madame de Chevreuse in a rage and her daughter in tears.
+I endeavoured to comfort them by the assurance that I would take care to
+get the scoundrels punished in an exemplary manner that very day.  But
+these were too inconsiderable victims to atone for such an affront, and
+were therefore rejected with indignation.  The blood of Bourbon only
+could make amends for the injury done to that of Lorraine.  These were
+the very words of Madame de Chevreuse.  They resolved at last upon this
+expedition,--to go again next morning to the House, but so well
+accompanied as to be in a condition of making themselves respected, and
+of giving the Prince de Conti to understand that it was to his interest
+to keep his party for the future from committing the like insolence.
+Montresor, who happened to be with us, did all he could to convince the
+ladies how dangerous it was to make a private quarrel of a public one,
+especially at a time when a Prince of the blood might possibly lose his
+life in the fray.  When he found that he could not prevail upon them, he
+used all means to persuade me to put off my resentment, for which end he
+drew me aside to tell me what joy and triumph it would be to my enemies
+to suffer myself to be captivated or led away by the violence of the
+ladies' passion.  I made him the following answer: "I am certainly to
+blame, both with regard to my profession and on account of my having my
+hands full, to be so far engaged with Mademoiselle de Chevreuse; but,
+considering the obligation I am under to her, and that it is too late to
+recede from it, I am in the right in demanding satisfaction in this
+present juncture.  I will not by any means assassinate the Prince de
+Conti; but she may command me to do anything except poisoning or
+assassinating, and therefore speak no more to me on this head."
+
+The ladies went again, therefore, next day, being accompanied by four
+hundred gentlemen and above four thousand of the most substantial
+burghers.  The rabble that was hired to make a clamour in the Great Hall
+sneaked out of sight, and the Prince de Conti, who had not been apprised
+of this assembly, which was formed with great secrecy, was fain to pass
+by Madame and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse with demonstrations of the
+profoundest respect, and to suffer Maillard, who was caught on the stairs
+of the chapel, to be soundly cudgelled.
+
+I return to the issue of the remonstrances.  The Queen told the deputies
+that she would next morning send to the House a declaration against
+Cardinal Mazarin.
+
+On the 21st the Prince de Conde came to Parliament accompanied by M. de
+La Rochefoucault and fifty or sixty gentlemen, and congratulated them
+upon the removal of the ministers, but said that it could not be
+effectual without inserting an article in the declaration which the Queen
+had promised to send to the Parliament.  The First President said that it
+would be both unjust and inconsistent with the respect due to the Queen
+to demand new conditions of her every day; that her Majesty's promise,
+of which she had made the Parliament a depositary, was a sufficient
+security; that it was to be wished that the Prince had shown a due
+confidence therein by repairing to the Palais Royal rather than to a
+court of justice; and that the post he was in obliged him to express his
+surprise at such conduct.  The Prince replied that the First President
+had no reason to wonder at his great precautions, since he (the Prince)
+knew by recent woeful experience what it was to live in a prison; and
+that it was notorious that the Cardinal ruled now in the Cabinet more
+absolutely than ever he did before.
+
+The Duc d'Orleans, who was gone to Limours on pretence of taking the air,
+though on purpose to be absent from Parliament, being informed that the
+very women cried at the King's coach "No Mazarin!" and that the Prince de
+Conde, as well attended as his Majesty, had met the King in the park, was
+so frightened that he returned to Paris, and on the 2d of August went to
+Parliament, where I appeared with all my friends and a great number of
+wealthy citizens.  The First President mightily extolled the Queen's
+goodness in making the Parliament the depositary of her promise for the
+security of the Prince, who, being there present, was asked by the First
+President if he had waited on the King?  The Prince said he had not,
+because he knew there would be danger in it, having been well informed
+that secret conferences had been held to arrest him, and that in a proper
+time and place he would name the authors.  The Prince added that
+messengers were continually going and coming betwixt the Court and
+Mazarin at Breule, and that Marechal d'Aumont had orders to cut to pieces
+the regiments of Conde, Conti, and Enghien, which was the only reason
+that had hindered them from joining the King's army.
+
+The First President told him that he was sorry to see him there before he
+had waited on the King, and that it seemed as if he were for setting up
+altar against altar.  This nettled the Prince to that degree that he said
+that those who talked against him had only self-interests in view.  The
+First President denied that he had any such aim, and said that he was
+accountable to the King only for his actions.  Then he exaggerated the
+danger of the State from the unhappy division of the royal family.
+
+Finally it was resolved, 'nemine contradicente', that the Solicitor-
+General should be commissioned to prosecute those who had advised the
+arrest of the Prince de Conde; that the Queen's promise for the safety of
+the Prince should be registered; that his Royal Highness should be
+desired by the whole assembly to go and wait on the King; and that the
+decrees passed against the servitors of Mazarin should be put into
+execution.  The Prince, who seemed very well satisfied, said that nothing
+less than this could assure him of his safety.  The Duc d'Orleans carried
+him to the King and the Queen, from whom he met with but a cold
+reception.
+
+At the close of this session the declaration against the Cardinal was
+read and sent back to the Chancellor, because it was not inserted that
+the Cardinal had hindered the Peace of Munster, and advised the King to
+undertake the journey and siege of Bordeaux, contrary to the opinion of
+the Duc d'Orleans.
+
+The Queen, provoked by the conduct of the Prince de Conde, who rode
+through the streets of Paris better attended than the King, and also by
+that of the Duke, whom she found continually given to change, resolved,
+in a fit of despair, to hazard all at once.  M. de Chateauneuf flattered
+her inclination on that point, and she was confirmed in it by a fiery
+despatch from Mazarin at Bruele.  She told the Duc d'Orleans plainly that
+she could no longer continue in her present condition, demanded his
+express declaration for or against her, and charged me, in his presence,
+to keep the promise I had made her, to declare openly against the Prince
+if he continued to go on as he had begun.
+
+Her Majesty was convinced that I acted sincerely for her service, and
+that I made no scruple to keep my promise; and she condescended to make
+apologies for the distrust she had entertained of my conduct, and for the
+injustice she owned she had done me.
+
+On the 19th, the Prince de Conde having taxed me with being the author of
+a paper against him, which was read that day in the House, said he had a
+paper, signed by the Duc d'Orleans, which contained his justification,
+and that he should be much obliged to the Parliament if they would be
+pleased to desire her Majesty to name his accusers, against whom he
+demanded justice.  As to the paper of which he charged me with being the
+author, he said it was a composition worthy of a man who had advised the
+arming of the Parisians and the wresting of the seals from him with whom
+the Queen had entrusted them.
+
+The Prince de Conti was observed to press his brother to resent what I
+said in my defence, but he kept his temper; for though I was very well
+accompanied, yet he was considerably superior to me in numbers, so that
+if the sword had been drawn he must have had the advantage.  But I
+resolved to appear there the next day with a greater retinue.  The Queen
+was transported with joy to hear that there were men who had the
+resolution to dispute the wall with the Prince.
+
+     ["The Queen," says M. de La Rochefoucault in his Memoirs, "was
+     overjoyed to see two men at variance whom in her heart she hated
+     almost equally....  Nevertheless, she seemed to protect the
+     Coadjutor."]
+
+She ordered thirty gendarmes and as many Light-horse to be posted where I
+pleased; I had forty men sent me, picked out of the sergeants and bravest
+soldiers of one of the regiments of Guards, and some of the officers of
+the city companies, and assembled a great number of substantial burghers,
+all of whom had pistols and daggers under their cloaks.  I also sent many
+of my men to the eating-houses thereabouts, so that the Great Hall was,
+as it were, invested on every side with my friends.  I posted thirty
+gentlemen as a reserve in a convenient chamber, who, in case of an
+attack, were to assault the party of the Prince in flank and rear.  I had
+also laid up a store of grenades.  In a word, my measures were so nicely
+concerted, both within and without the Parliament House, that Pont Notre-
+Dame and Pont Saint Michel, who were passionately in my, interest, only
+waited for the signal; so that in all likelihood I could not fail of
+being conqueror.
+
+On the morning of the 21st all the Prince de Conde's humble servants
+repaired to his house, and my friends did the like to mine, particularly
+the Marquises of Rouillac and Camillac, famous both for their courage and
+extravagances.  As soon as the latter saw Rouillac, he made me a low bow
+in a withdrawing posture, saying, "Monsieur, I came to offer you my
+service, but it is not reasonable that the two greatest fools in the
+kingdom should be of the same side."  The Prince came to the House with a
+numerous attendance, and though I believe he had not so many as I, he had
+more persons of quality, for I had only the Fronde nobility on my side,
+except three or four who, though in the Queen's interest, were
+nevertheless my particular friends; this disadvantage, however, was
+abundantly made up by the great interest I had among the people and the
+advantageous posts I was possessed of.  After the Prince had taken his
+place, he said that he was surprised to see the Parliament House look
+more like a camp than a temple of justice; that there were posts taken,
+and men under command; and that he hoped there were not men in the
+kingdom so insolent as to dispute the precedence with him.  Whereupon I
+humbly begged his pardon, and told him that I believed there was not a
+man in France so insolent as to do it; but that there were some who could
+not, nor indeed ought not, on account of their dignity, yield the
+precedence to any man but the King.  The Prince replied that he would
+make me yield it to him.  I told him he would find it no easy matter.
+Upon this there was a great outcry, and the young councillors of both
+parties interested themselves in the contest, which, you see, began
+pretty warmly.  The Presidents interposed between us, conjuring him to
+have some regard to the temple of justice and the safety of the city, and
+desiring that all the nobility and others in the hall that were armed
+might be turned out.  He approved of it, and bade M. de La Rochefoucault
+go and tell his friends so from him.  Upon which I said, "I will order my
+friends to withdraw also."  Young D'Avaux, now President de Mesmes, then
+in the Prince's interest, said, "What! monsieur, are you armed?"--
+"Without doubt," I said; though I had better have held my, tongue,
+because an inferior ought to be respectful in words to his superior,
+though he may equal him in actions.  Neither is it allowable in a
+Churchman when armed to confess it.  There are some things wherein men
+are willing to be deceived.  Actions very often vindicate men's
+reputations in what they do against the dignity of their profession, but
+nothing can justify words that are inconsistent with their character.
+
+As I had desired my friends to withdraw, and was entering into the Court
+of Judicature, I heard an uproar in the hall of people crying out "To
+arms!"  I had a mind to go back to see what was the matter; but I had not
+time to do it, for I found myself caught by the neck between the folding
+doors, which M. de La Rochefoucault had shut on me, crying out to MM.
+Coligny and Ricousse to kill me.
+
+     [This action is very much disguised and softened in the Memoirs of
+     Rochefoucault.  M. Joly, in his Memoirs, vol. i., p. 155, tells it
+     almost in...  the same manner as the Cardinal de Retz.]
+
+The first thought he was not in earnest, and the other told him he had no
+such order from the Prince.  M. Champlatreux, running into the hall and
+seeing me in that condition, vigorously pushed back M. de La
+Rochefoucault, telling him that a murder of that nature was horrible
+and scandalous.  He opened the door and let me in.  But this was not the
+greatest danger I was in, as you will see after I have told you the
+beginning and end of it.
+
+Two or three of the Prince de Conde's mob cried out, as soon as they saw
+me, "A Mazarin!"  Two of the Prince's soldiers drew their swords, those
+next to them cried out, "To your arms!" and in a trice all were in a
+fighting posture.  My friends drew their swords, daggers, and pistols,
+and yet, as it were by a miracle, they stopped their hands on a sudden
+from action; for in that very instant of time, Crenan, one of my old
+friends, who commanded a company of the Prince de Conti's gendarmes, said
+to Laigues, "What are we doing?  Must we let the Prince de Conde and the
+Coadjutor be murdered?  Whoever does not put up his sword is a rascal!"
+This expression coming from a man of great courage and reputation, every
+one did as he bade them.  Nor is Argenteuil's courage and presence of
+mind to be less admired.  He being near me when I was caught by the neck
+between the folding doors, and observing one Peche,--[Joly calls him "The
+great clamourer of the Prince."  See his Memoirs, p. 157.]--a brawling
+fellow of the Prince's party, looking for me with a dagger in his hand,
+screened me with his cloak, and thereby saved my life, which was in the
+more danger because my friends, who supposed I was gone into the Great
+Chamber, stayed behind to engage with the Prince de Conde's party.  The
+Prince told me since that it was well I kept on the defensive, and that
+had the noise in the hall continued but a minute longer, he would himself
+have taken me by the throat and made me pay for all; but I am fully
+persuaded that the consequences would have been fatal to both parties,
+and that he himself had had a narrow escape.
+
+As soon as I reentered the Great Chamber I told the First President that
+I owed my life to his son, who on that occasion did the most generous
+action that a man of honour was capable of, because he was passionately
+attached to the Prince de Conde, and was persuaded, though without a
+cause, that I was concerned in above twenty editions against his father
+during the siege of Paris.  There are few actions more heroic than this,
+the memory of which I shall carry to my grave.  I also added that M. de
+La Rochefoucault had done all he could to murder me.'
+
+     [The Duke answered, as he says himself in his Memoirs, that fear had
+     disturbed his judgment, etc.  See in the Memoirs of M. de La
+     Rochefoucault, the relation of what passed after the confinement of
+     the Princes.]
+
+He answered me these very words: "Thou traitor, I don't care what becomes
+of thee."  I replied, "Very well, Friend Franchise" (we gave him that
+nickname in our party); "you are a coward" (I told a lie, for he was
+certainly a brave man), "and I am a priest; but dueling is not allowed
+us."  M. de Brissac threatened to cudgel him, and he to kick Brissac.
+The President, fearing these words would end in blows, got between us.
+The First President conjured the Prince pathetically, by the blood of
+Saint Louis, not to defile with blood that temple which he had given for
+the preservation of peace and the protection of justice; and exhorted me,
+by my sacred character, not to contribute to the massacre of the people
+whom God had committed to my charge.  Both the Prince and I sent out two
+gentlemen to order our friends and servants to retire by different ways.
+The clock struck ten, the House rose, and thus ended that morning's work,
+which was likely to have ruined Paris.
+
+You may easily guess what a commotion Paris was in all that morning.
+Tradesmen worked in their shops with their muskets by them, and the women
+were at prayers in the churches.  Sadness sat on the brows of all who
+were not actually engaged in either party.  The Prince, if we may believe
+the Comte de Fiesque, told him that Paris narrowly escaped being burnt
+that day.  "What a fine bonfire this would have been for the Cardinal,"
+said he; "especially to see it lighted by the two greatest enemies he
+had!"
+
+The Duc d'Orleans, quite tired out with the cries of the people, who ran
+affrighted to his palace, and fearing that the commotion would not stop
+at the Parliament House, made the Prince promise that he would not go
+next day to the Parliament with above five in company, provided I would
+engage to carry no more.  I begged his Royal Highness to excuse me if I
+did not comply, because I should be wanting in my respect to the Prince,
+with whom I ought not to make any comparison, and because I should be
+still exposed to a pack of seditious brawlers, who cried out against me,
+having no laws nor owning any chief.  I added that it was only against
+this sort of people that I armed; that there was so little comparison
+between a private gentleman and his Highness that five hundred men were
+less to the Prince than a single lackey to me.  The Duke, who owned I was
+in the right, went to the Queen to represent to her the evil consequences
+that would inevitably attend such measures.
+
+The Queen, who neither feared nor foresaw dangers, made no account of his
+remonstrances, for she was glad in the main of the dangers which seemed
+to be so near at hand.  When Bertet and Brachet, who crept up to the
+garrets of the Palais Royal for fear of having their throats cut in the
+general commotion, had made her sensible that if the Prince and myself
+should perish in such a juncture it would occasion such a confusion that
+the very name of Mazarin might become fatal to the royal family, she
+yielded rather to her fears than to her convictions, and consented to
+send an order in the King's name to forbid both the Prince and me to go
+to the House.  The First President, who was well assured that the Prince
+would not obey an order of that nature, which could not be forced upon
+him with justice, because his presence was necessary in the Parliament,
+went to the Queen and made her sensible that it would be against all
+justice and equity to forbid the Prince to be present in an assembly
+where he went only to clear himself from a crime laid to his charge.
+He showed her the difference between the first Prince of the blood,
+whose presence would be necessary in that conjuncture, and a Coadjutor
+of Paris, who never had a seat in the Parliament but by courtesy.
+
+The Queen yielded at last to these reasons and to the entreaties of all
+the Court ladies, who dreaded the noise and confusion which was likely to
+occur next day in the Parliament House.
+
+The Parliament met next day, and resolved that all the papers, both of
+the Queen, the Duc d'Orleans, and the Prince de Conde, should be carried
+to the King and Queen, that her Majesty should be humbly entreated to
+terminate the affair, and that the Duc d'Orleans should be desired to
+make overtures towards a reconciliation.
+
+As the Prince was coming out of the Parliament House, attended by a
+multitude of his friends, I met him in his coach as I was at the head of
+a procession of thirty or forty cures of Paris, followed by a great
+number of people.  Upon my approach, three or four of the mob following
+the Prince cried out, "A Mazarin!" but the Prince alighted and silenced
+them.
+
+     [M. de La Rochefoucault, in his Memoirs, says that the people abused
+     the Coadjutor with scurrilous language, and would have torn him in
+     pieces if the prince had not ordered his men to appease the tumult.]
+
+He then fell on his knees to receive my blessing, which I gave him with
+my hat on, and then pulled it off in obeisance.
+
+The Queen was so well pleased with my prudent conduct that I can truly
+say I was a favourite for some days.  Madame de Carignan was telling her
+one day that I was very homely, to which the Queen replied, "He has a
+very fine set of teeth, and a man cannot be called homely who has this
+ornament."  Madame de Chevreuse remembered that she had often heard the
+Queen say that the beauty of a man consisted chiefly in his teeth,
+because it was the only beauty which was of any use.  Therefore she
+advised me to act my part well, and she should not despair of success.
+"When you are with the Queen," said she, "be serious; look continually on
+her hands, storm against the Cardinal, and I will take care of the rest"
+I asked two or three audiences of the Queen upon very trifling occasions,
+followed Madame de Chevreuse's plan very closely, and carried my
+resentment and passion against the Cardinal even to extravagance.  The
+Queen, who was naturally a coquette, understood those airs, and
+acquainted Madame de Chevreuse therewith, who pretended to be surprised,
+saying, "Indeed, I have heard the Coadjutor talk of your Majesty whole
+days with delight; but if the conversation happened to touch upon the
+Cardinal, he was no longer the same man, and even raved against your
+Majesty, but immediately relented towards you, though never towards the
+Cardinal."
+
+Madame de Chevreuse, who was the Queen's confidante in her youth, gave me
+such a history of her early days as I cannot omit giving you, though I
+should have done it sooner.  She told me that the Queen was neither in
+body nor mind truly Spanish; that she had neither the temperament nor the
+vivacity of her nation, but only the coquetry of it, which she retained
+in perfection; that M. Bellegarde, a gallant old gentleman, after the
+fashion of the Court of Henri III., pleased her till he was going to the
+army, when he begged for one favour before his departure, which was only
+to put her hand to the hilt of his sword, a compliment so insipid that
+her Majesty was out of conceit with him ever after.  She approved the
+gallant manner of M. de Montmorency much more than she loved his person.
+The aversion she had to the pedantic behaviour of Cardinal de Richelieu,
+who in his amours was as ridiculous as he was in other things excellent,
+made her irreconcilable to his addresses.  She had observed from the
+beginning of the Regency a great inclination in the Queen for Mazarin,
+but that she had not been able to discover how far that inclination went,
+because she (Madame de Chevreuse) had been banished from the Court very
+soon after; and that upon her return to France, after the siege of Paris,
+the Queen was so reserved at first with her that it was impossible for
+her to dive into her secrets.  That since she regained her Majesty's
+favour she had sometimes observed the same airs in her with regard to
+Cardinal Mazarin as she used to display formerly in favour of the Duke of
+Buckingham; but at other times she thought that there was no more between
+them than a league of friendship.  The chief ground for her conjecture
+was the impolite and almost rude way in which the Cardinal conversed with
+her Majesty.  "But, however," said Madame de Chevreuse, "when I reflect
+on the Queen's humour, all this may admit of another interpretation.
+Buckingham used to tell me that he had been in love with three Queens,
+and was obliged to curb all the three; therefore I cannot tell what to
+think of the matter."
+
+To resume the history of more public affairs.  I did not so far please
+myself with the figure I made against the Prince (though I thought it
+very much for my honour), but I saw clearly that I stood on a dangerous
+precipice.
+
+"Whither are we going?"  I said to M. Bellievre, who seemed to be
+overjoyed that the Prince had not been able to devour me; for whom do we
+labour?  I know that we are obliged to act as we do; I know, too, that we
+cannot do better; but should we rejoice at the fatal necessity which
+pushes us on to exert an action comparatively good and which will
+unavoidably end in a superlative evil?"
+
+"I understand you," said the President, "and will interrupt you for one
+moment to tell you what I learned of Cromwell" (whom he had known in
+England).  "He told me one day that it is then we are mounting highest
+when we ourselves do not know whither we are going."
+
+"You know, monsieur," said I to Bellievre, "that I abhor Cromwell; and
+whatever is commonly reported of his great parts, if he is of this
+opinion, I must pronounce him a fool."
+
+I mentioned this dialogue for no other purpose than to observe how
+dangerous it is to talk disrespectfully of men in high positions;
+for it was carried to Cromwell, who remembered it with a great deal of
+resentment on an occasion which I shall mention hereafter, and said to M.
+de Bourdeaux, Ambassador of France, then in England, "I know but one man
+in the world who despises me, and that is Cardinal de Retz."  This
+opinion of him was likely to have cost me very dear.  I return from this
+digression.
+
+On the 31st, Melayer, valet de chambre to the Cardinal, arrived with a
+despatch to the Queen, in which were these words: "Give the Prince de
+Conde all the declarations of his innocence that he can desire, provided
+you can but amuse him and hinder him from giving you the slip."
+
+On the 4th the Prince de Conde insisted in Parliament on a formal decree
+for declaring his innocence, which was granted, but deferred to be
+published till the 7th of September (the day that the King came of age),
+on pretence of rendering it more authentic and solemn by the King's
+presence, but really to gain time, and see what influence the splendour
+of royalty, which was to be clothed that day with all the advantages of
+pomp, would have upon the minds of the people.
+
+But the Prince de Conde, who had reason to distrust both the Fronde and
+the Court, did not appear at the ceremony, and sent the Prince de Conti
+to the King to desire to be excused, because the calumnies and
+treacheries of his enemies would not suffer him to come to the Palace;
+adding that he kept away out of pure respect to his Majesty.  This last
+expression, which seemed to intimate that otherwise he might have gone
+thither without danger, provoked the Queen to that degree that she said,
+"The Prince or I must perish."
+
+The Prince de Conde retired to Bourges,--further from Court.  He was
+naturally averse to a civil war, nor would his adherents have been more
+forward than himself if they had found their interests in his
+reconciliation to the Court; but this seemed impracticable, and therefore
+they agreed upon a civil war, because none of them believed themselves
+powerful enough to conclude a peace.  They know nothing of the nature of
+faction who imagine the head of a party to be their master.  His true
+interest is most commonly thwarted by the imaginary interests even of his
+subalterns, and the worst of it is that his own honour sometimes, and
+generally prudence, joins with them against himself.  The passions and
+discontent which reigned then among the friends of the Prince de Conde
+ran so high that they were obliged to abandon him and form a third party,
+under the authority of the Prince de Conti, in case the Prince
+accomplished his reconciliation to the Court, according to a proposition
+then made to him in the name of the Duc d'Orleans.  The subdivision of
+parties is generally the ruin of all, especially when it is introduced by
+cunning views, directly contrary to prudence; and this is what the
+Italians call, in comedy, a "plot within a plot," or a "wheel within a
+wheel."
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+Buckingham had been in love with three Queens
+Civil war as not powerful enough to conclude a peace
+Insinuation is of more service than that of persuasion
+Man that supposed everybody had a back door
+Mazarin: embezzling some nine millions of the public money
+Passed for the author of events of which I was only the prophet
+The subdivision of parties is generally the ruin of all
+The wisest fool he ever saw in his life
+Who imagine the head of a party to be their master
+
+
+
+
+End of this Project Gutenberg Etext of Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, v3
+by Jean Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
+
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