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diff --git a/38433.txt b/38433.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96a7b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/38433.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2517 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 97, +September 6, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 97, September 6, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: December 28, 2011 [EBook #38433] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 6, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Arabian, Hebrew, and Syriac transliterations of words have +been retained as printed. Characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of +volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES and QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 97. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + Notes on Books, No. II.--Gabriel Harvey, by S. W. Singer 169 + + The Antiquity of Kilts, by T. Stephens 170 + + Notes on Julin, No. I., by Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie 171 + + Minor Notes:--Anecdote of Curran--Difficulty of getting + rid of a Name--House of Lord Edward Fitzgerald--Fairy + Dances--AEsop--Nelson's Coat at Trafalgar 173 + + QUERIES:-- + + John Knox, by David Laing 174 + + Minor Queries:--"Foeda ministeria, atque minis absistite + acerbis"--Cornish Arms and Cornish Motto--Gloucester saved + from the King's Mines--Milesian--Horology--Laurentius + Mueller--Lines on a Bed--Pirog--Lists of Plants, with their + Provincial Names--Print Cleaning--Italian Writer on + Political Economy--Carli the Economist--Nightingale and + Thorn--Coleridge's Essays on Beauty--Henryson and + Kinaston--Oldys' Account of London Libraries--A + Sword-blade Note--Abacot--Princesses of Wales 174 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--A Kelso Convoy--Cardinal + Wolsey--Brunswick Mum--Meaning of "Rasher" 176 + + REPLIES:-- + + Pendulum Demonstration of the Earth's Rotation 177 + + A Saxon Bell-house 178 + + The Whale of Jonah, by T. J. Buckton 178 + + St. Trunnian, by W. S. Hesleden 179 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Lord Mayor not a Privy + Councillor--Did Bishop Gibson write a Life of + Cromwell?--Lines on the Temple--Henry Headley, + B.A.--Cycle of Cathay--Proof of Sword Blades--Was Milton + an Anglo-Saxon Scholar?--English Sapphics--The + Tradescants--Monumental Inscription--Lady Petre's + Monument 180 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 182 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 183 + + Notices to Correspondents 183 + + Advertisements 183 + + + + +Notes. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. II.--GABRIEL HARVEY. + +This learned friend of Spenser and Sir Philip Sydney (though better +known from his quarrel with Tom Nashe) was in the habit of writing +copious memoranda in his books, several of which were in the library of +Mr. Lloyd, of Wygfair. Among them some miscellaneous volumes, which I +believe afterwards passed into the collection of Mr. Heber, contained +remarkable specimens of his calligraphic skill. His name was written +four or five times: "Gabriel Harveins, 1579," and with variation, +"Gabrielis Harveij" and "di Gabriello Haveio." The volumes contained the +Medea and Giocasta of Lodovico Dolce, in Italian; the Hecuba and +Iphigenia of Euripides in Latin, by Erasmus, the Comedies of Terence, +&c.; and the first Italian and English Grammar, by Henry Grantham, 1575. +On the blank pages and spaces what follows was inscribed:-- + + "La Giocasta d' Euripide, Dolce, et Gascoigno. Senecae et Statii + Thebais. Item Senecae OEdipus. Quasi Synopsis Tragoediarum + omnium.--NON GIOCO, MA GIOCASTA." + + "Omne genus scripti, gravitate Tragoedia vincit." + + "Hae quatuor Tragoediae, instar omnium Tragoediarum pro tempore: + praesertim cum reliquarum non suppetit copia. Duae Euripidis placent + in primis, et propter auctoris prudentissimam veram, et propter + interpretis singularem delectum. Eadem in Sophoclis Antigonem + affectio, ab Episcopo Vatsono tralatam: cum propter interpretis + accuratum judicium. Qui tanti fecit optimo Tragicos, ut eosdem + soleret cum Checo et Aschamo, omnibus aliis poetis anteferre; + etiam Homero et Virgilio." + + "Questa Medea di Dolce non e Medea di Seneca. Ma Thieste di Dolce + e Thieste medesimo di Seneca. Solo coro nel fin e soperchievole." + + "Gascoigni Jocasta, magnifice acta solemne ritu, et vere tragico + apparatu. Ut etiam Vatsoni Antigone; cuive pompae seriae, et + exquisita. Usque adeo quidem utraque ut nihil in hoc tragico + genere vel illustrius vel accuratius." + + "Jam floruerant prudentissimi Attici, Pericles, Thucydides, + Sophocles; jam florent Plato, Xenophon, Demosthenes, cum Euripides + pangit Tragoedias. Nec excellentissimorum Atticorum, ullus vel + prudentior Euripides, vel argutior, vel etiam elegantior. Nihil in + eo nugarum, nihil affectationis, et tamen singula ubique + cultissima." + + "Erasmus talis Euripidis interpres, qualis Pindari Melancthon. + Foelix utriusque ad interpretandum dexteritas et fluens + elocutionis facilitas. Plus in Erasmo diligentiae; in Melancthone + perspicuitas. Quam persequebatur, Camerarius, nec tamen + assequebatur." + + "Erasmi fere jadicium acre, et serium nec dubium est, quin + delectum adhibucrit in sapientissimis Tragoediis eligendis + exquisitum." + + "Ut fere foeminas; sic Comoedias et Tragoedias; qui unam omnimodo + novit, omnes novit quodam modo. Saltem ex ungue, Leonem; ex clave, + Herculem." + + * * * * * + + "Quattro Comedie del divino Pietro Aretino. Cioe Il Marescalco o + Pedante.--La Cortigiana.--La Talanta.--Lo Hippocrito. + + "Habeo et legi: sed nondum comprare potui Il Filosofo: quae tamen + ipsius, Comoedia dicitur etiam exstare. + + "Memorantur etiam duae illius Tragoediae, L'Hortensia.--Tragoedia di + Christo. + + "Comedie, Dialoghi capricciosi, Le Lettere, e Capitoli dell' + Unico: Historie del suo tempo. La quinta essenza del suo unico + ingegno; e lo specchio di tutte l'arti Cortegiane. + + "Due Comedie argutissime et facetissime di Macchiavelli Politico: + La Mandragola.--La Clitia." + + "IL LEGGERE NUTRISCA LO INGEGNO." + + "Suppositi d'Ariosto: Comoediam singulariter laudate a P. Jovio in + Elogiis; cum Plautinis facile contendens Inventionis, atque + successus amenitate; si utriusque saeculi mores non inepte + comparentur. Syncrisis aetatum necessaria, ad Comoediarum, + Historiarum, aliorumque Scriptorum excellentia in examinandam, + atque judicandam solerti censura." + + "Arciprologo quasi di tutte le Comedie, il primo dell' Aretino; et + il terzo e quarto dello' stesso." + + "Ut Comoedias, sic Tragoedias; qui tres aut quatuor intime novit, + novit fere omnes. Tanti valet hic aureus libellus. Meo tandem + judicio, Poetarum sapientissimus, Euripides: vel ipse Sophocle + magis Attice nervosus et profundus, ut Seneca Latine." + + * * * * * + + "Ecce reliquiae et fragmenta Menandri, Epicharmi, Alexidis, + reliquiorumque Graecorum Comicorum. Cum toto Aristophane. Et + fortasse senties nova veteribus non esse potiora. Nec usquam + prudentiores Gnomas invenies, ne apud Theognidem quidem aut + Isocratem. + + "Placent etiam Comoediae quae non sunt Comoediae; et Tragoediae quae + non sunt Tragoediae: Ut utriusque generis multae egregiae apud + Homerum, et Virgilium in Heroicis; Frontinum et Polyaenum in + Strategematis; Stephanum in Apologia Herodoti: Rabelesium in + Heroicis Gargantuae: Sidneium in novissima Arcadiae: Domenichum in + Facetiis. Quomodo antiquorum unus Graecorum dixit:--Delicatissimos + esse Pisces quae non sunt Pisces, et carnes lautissimas quae non + sunt carnes. Da mihi Fabulas non Fabulas, Apologos non Apologos. + Et sensi optima Apophthegmata quae non sunt Apophthegmata: Optima + Adagia quae non Adagia. + + "Inutiliter Tragoedias legit qui nescit philosophicas sententias a + Tyrannicis distinguere. Alia scholarum doctrina, alia regnorum + disciplina. Politico opus est judicio ad distinguendum + prudentissimas sententias a reliquis. Nec semper Tyrannus + barbarus: nec semper poeta, aut philosophus sapiens: solertis + judiciis fuerit, non quis dicat, set quia dicatur respicere, et + undique optima seligere." + + "Euripidis Jocastae apud Gascoignum summa fere Tragoediarum + omnium." + + * * * * * + + "No finer or pithier Examples than in y'e excellent Comedies and + Tragedies following, full of sweet and wise discourse. A notable + Dictionarie for the Grammer." + + * * * * * + + "Ut de hac Terentii tralatione sentirem honorificentius; fecit + Aldus exquisita editio." + +I thought these notes worth transcribing, not only as showing the +attention paid by the learned students of this time to _the drama_, as +well ancient as modern, but more especially for the mention made of the +_Jocasta_ of George Gascoigne, and the _Antigone_ of Sophocles, +translated, as he says, by Watson, Bishop of Worcester, and not by +Thomas Watson, as Warton supposed. It may be doubted whether this +translation was into English; but Harvey seems to imply that it was +acted, as well as the Jocasta. Bishop Watson was celebrated for his +dramatic skill, in his Latin tragedy of _Absalon_, by Roger Ascham, who +says,-- + + "When M. Watson, in St. John's College at Cambridge, wrote his + excellent Tragedie of Absalon, M. Cheke, he, and I, had many + pleasant talkes togither, in comparing the preceptes of Aristotle + and Horace with the examples of Euripides, Sophocles, and + Seneca.... M. Watson had another maner of care of perfection, with + a feare and reverence of the judgement of the best learned: who to + this day would neuer suffer yet his Absalon to go abroad, and that + onelie bicause (_in locis paribus_) _Anapaestus_ is twise or thrise + used instead of _Iambus_." + +In a volume in the Bodleian Library marked Z. 3., Art. "Selden," is "The +Life of Howleglas," printed by Copland: at the bottom of the last page +is the following MS. note: + + "This Howleglasse, with Scoggin, Skelton, and (L----zario----?) + given me at London of M. Spenser, xx Decembris, 1578, on condition + y't I shoold bestowe y'e readinge on them, on or before y'e first + day of January immediately ensuinge: otherwise to forfeit unto him + my Lucian in fower volumes. Whereupon I was y'e rather induced to + trifle away so many howers as were idely overpassed in running + through y'e aforesaid foolish bookes; wherein methought y't not + all fower together seemed comparable for fine and crafty feates + with Jon Miller, whose witty shiftes and practises are reported + among Skelton's Tales." + +Mr. Malone, from whose memoranda I copy this, says, "I suspect it is +Gabriel Harvey's handwriting." + +I have a copy of the Organon of Aristotle in Greek, which bears marks of +Gabriel Harvey's diligent scholarship. It is copiously annotated and +analysed by him when a student at Cambridge, and he has registered the +periods at which he completed the study of each part. + + S. W. SINGER. + + Mickleham, Aug. 15. 1851. + + +THE ANTIQUITY OF KILTS. + +This has been the subject of many discussions, and has recently found a +place in the columns of "NOTES AND QUERIES." I do not propose to take +any part in the present discussion, but it may be of some service to +historical students for me to introduce to public notice a much older +authority than any that has yet been cited. + +It is known to but few antiquaries out of the principality, that the +ancient poetry of Wales throws more light on the immediate post-Roman +history of Britain than any documents in existence. These poems vividly +pourtray the social condition of the period, and contain almost the only +records of the great contest between the natives and the Saxon invaders; +they prove beyond a doubt that the Romans had left the province in an +advanced stage of civilisation, and they supply us with the means of +affirming decisively, that the vine was cultivated here to a very +considerable extent. + +The antiquity of these poems admits of no reasonable doubt; on that +point the _Vindication_ of Turner enables the antiquaries of Wales to +make this assertion with confidence: and having recently translated most +of our old poems, with a view to future publication, I feel myself +warranted in assuming them to belong to the sixth and seventh centuries +of our era. One of these bards, Aneurin by name, belonged to the British +tribe, described by the Romans as Ottadini, and by themselves as the +people of Gododin. This people were situated at the junction of England +and Scotland, and the poems of this bard chiefly refer to that district; +but as the bards were a rambling class, and as the bulk of the people +from Chester to Dumbarton were the same race as the people of the +principality, we are not surprised when we find this bard sometimes +among "the banks and braes of bonny Doon," and sometimes in North and +South Wales. In one of his verses he thus describes the kilt of a +British chief:-- + + "Peis dinogat e vreith vreith + O grwyn balaot ban ureith." + +These lines may be found in the _Myvyrian Archaeology_, vol. i. p. 13. +col. 1.; and a most unwarrantable translation of _dinogat_ may be found +in Davies' _Mythology of the Druids_; but the literal rendering would be +this: + + "Dinogad's kilt is stripy, stripy, + Of the skins of front-streak'd wolf-cubs." + +_Peis_ or _pais_ is the word now used for the article of female attire +known as a petti-coat, which in form bears a sufficiently close +resemblance to the male kilt to justify me in using that word here. It +also occurs in _pais-arfau_, a coat of arms, and _pais-ddur_, a coat of +mail. The words _vreith vreith_ have been translated word for word; in +the Kymric language it is a very common form of emphatic expression to +repeat the word on which the emphasis falls, as _yn dda da_ for _very +good_; but a more idiomatic translation would have been, _very stripy_. +_Vraith_ with us also stands for plaid, and in the Welsh Bible Joseph's +"coat of many colours" is named _siacced vraith_. + +Now I will not attempt to determine what relation this kilt stands in to +the kilts of the Highlands, whether the Gael borrowed it from the +Briton, or the Briton from the Gael, or whether the dress was common to +both at the time in which Dinogad lived; but thus much appears to be +clear, that we here have a _kilt_, and that that kilt was striped, if +not a _plaid_; and it only remains for us to determine the period at +which Dinogad lived. Most persons are acquainted with the name of +Brochmael, Prince of Powys, the British commander at the battle of +Bangor in 613, on the occasion of the dispute between Augustine and the +primitive British church; Dinogad stood to him in the following +relation: + + BROCHMAEL + | + CYNAN GARWYN + | + +-----------+-----------+ + | | + SELYF OR SALOMON. DINOGAD. + +Of Dinogad himself there is but one fact on record, and that took place +in 577. His brother Selyf fell at the battle of Bangor or Chester in +613. If we take these facts together, we may form a pretty accurate idea +respecting the period at which he lived. + +Viewing this matter from a Cambrian standpoint, I feel myself warranted +in hazarding the following remarks. In the lines of Aneurin, the thing +selected for special notice is the excess of stripe; and therefore, +whether it was the invention of Dinogad, or whether he borrowed the idea +from the Scots or Picts when he was at Dumbarton in 577, it is quite +clear, from the repetition of the word _vreith_, that his kilt had the +attribute of stripyness to a greater extent than was usually the case; +while it is also equally clear, that amongst the Britons of that period, +kilts of a stripy character were so common as to excite no surprise. We +may therefore affirm, + +1. That in the beginning of the seventh century the British chiefs were +in the habit of wearing skin kilts. + +2. That striped kilts were common. + +3. That a chief named Dinogad was distinguished by an excess of this +kind of ornament. And + +4. That as the Kymry of North Britain were on intimate terms with their +neighbours, it is highly probable that the Scottish kilt is much older +than 1597. + + T. STEPHENS. + + Merthyr Tydfil. + + +NOTES ON JULIN, NO. 1. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 282. 379. 443.) + +In approaching a subject set at rest so long since, I feel some apology +due to you; and that apology I will make by giving you the results of my +recent investigation of the question of Vineta _v._ Julin _alias_ +Wollin, made in Pomerania, and noted from personal testimony and +Pomeranian chronicles. + +But, first, to correct an _erreur de plume_ of DR. BELL'S. He says, in +stating the position of Vineta (Vol. ii., p. 283.), "opposite the small +town of _Demmin, in Pomerania_." DR. BELL has mis-written the name: +there is no such place on the Baltic. The real name is _Damerow, on the +Isle of Usedom_. A little lower he remarks, speaking of Wollin, "No +_rudera_, no vestiges of ancient grandeur, now mark the spot; not even a +tradition of former greatness." In this I think DR. BELL will find (and, +I am sure, will readily allow, in the same spirit of good faith in which +I make my observations) that he is in error, from the following +narrative. + +The gentleman who has kindly given me, by word of mouth, the following +particulars, is a native of Wollin, and of one of the most ancient and +noble families in that island, a relative of that Baron Kaiserling who +was the Cicero of Frederick the Great, but of an elder branch of that +family, the Counts of Kaiserling. M. de Kaiserling states that, when a +young man, in his native town, he took a delight in reading the records +of its bygone glory, and in tracing out the ruins in the neighbourhood +of the town, extending to the distance of about one English mile from +its outskirts. The foundations of houses and tracks of streets[1] are +still exposed in the operations of agriculture, and any informant has in +his possession several Byzantine and Wendish coins which he at that time +picked up. He has likewise seen a Persian coin, which was found in the +same neighbourhood by a friend. Having been led by circumstances to +examine the evidence _pro_ and _con._ in this question, he has come to +the conclusion that Wollin and Julin or Jumne are identical. He treats +the story of Vineta as a nursery tale and a myth. + + [Footnote 1: Particularly the Salmarks (Wendish for Fishmarkets), + as they were called.] + +From the recently-published work on Wollin (_Die Insel Wollin und das +Seebad Misdroy. Historische Skizze von Georg Wilhelm von Raumer_: +Berlin, 1851) I extract the following account of Wollin in 1070, as I +think it important to have all the best evidence attainable[2]:-- + + "Adam of Bremen, a contemporaneous historian, has left us a + curious description of Wollin as it appeared at the time of its + merchant greatness; yet he was himself, most probably, never + there, but compiled his account from the narratives of sailors, + from whose mouth he, as he says, heard almost incredibilities + about the splendour of the town. He describes the famous city as + the chief staple place of the trade of the surrounding Slavonians + and Russians: also as the largest of all towns at this end of + Europe, and inhabited by Slavonians, Russians, and various pagan + nations. Also many Germans from Lower Saxony had come to the town, + yet it was not permitted them to appear openly as Christians; + though the political interests of a trading place, then as now, + caused all nations to be allowed the liberty of incolation + (_Niederlassungsrecht_) and toleration. The peculiar inhabitants + of the place, particularly those who held the government, were + mostly pagans, but of great hospitality, of liberal and humane + customs, and great justice. The town had become very rich, by + means of the trade of Northern Europe, of which they had almost + the monopoly: every comfort and rarity of distant regions was to + be found there. The most remarkable thing in Wollin was a pot of + Vulcan, which the inhabitants called Greek fire.[3] Probably we + should understand by this, a great beacon fire, which the + Wolliners sustained by night on account of navigation, and of + which a report was among the sailors that it was Greek fire; but + it is also possible that in the trade with the Orient, which the + discovered Arabic coins prove, real Greek fire was brought to + Wollin in pots. A tricaputed idol of a sea-god, or Neptune, stood + in Wollin, to denote that the island Wollin was surrounded by + three different seas: that is to say, a green one, the Ostsee; a + white one, under which we should probably understand the Dievenow; + and one which was retained in raging motion by continual storms, + the Haff. The navigation from Wollin to Demmin, a trading place of + the Peene, is short; also from Wollin to Samland, in Prussia, + eight days only were necessary to go by land from Hamburgh to + Wollin, or by sea, across Schleswig; and forty-three days was the + time of sailing from Wollin to Ostragard in Russia. These notices + point to the chief trade of Wollin by sea, that is, with Demmin, + Hamburgh, Schleswig, and Holstein, Prussia, and Russia. + + "So magnificent was ancient Wollin, according to the narrative of + the seamen; yet it must not be considered exactly a northern + Venice, but a wide-circuited place, chiefly, however, of wooden + houses, and surrounded by walls and palisades, in which (in + comparison with the then rudeness and poverty of the countries on + the Ostsee) riches and merchandise were heaped up. + + "And now it is time to mention the fable of the drowned city + Vineta. While an old chronicler, Helmold, follows Adam of Bremen + in the description of the city Wollin, he puts, through an error + of transcription[4], in place of Julinum or Jumne, which name Adam + of Bremen has, Vineta; such a place could not be found, and it was + concluded, therefore, that the sea had engulfed it. The celebrated + Buggenhagen[5] first discovered, in the beginning of the sixteenth + century, a great rock formation in the sea, at the foot of the + Streckelberg, on the island of Usedom[6], and then the city + Vineta was soon transplanted thither; and it was absurdly + considered that a rock reef (which has lately been used for the + harbour of Swinemuende, and has disappeared) was the ruins of a + city destroyed by the waves a thousand years ago: indeed, people + are not wanting at the present day, who hold fast to this fable, + caused by the error of a transcriber. In the mean time it has + become a folk tale, and as such retains its value. A Wolliner + booth-keeper recounted me the interesting story, which may be read + in Barthold's _History of Pomerania_ (vol. i. p. 419.),--a rough + sterling Pomeranian (_aecht-pommerschis_) fantastical picture of + the overbearing of the trade-enriched inhabitants of Vineta, which + God had so punished by sending the waves of the ocean over the + city. The town of Wollin, to which alone this legend was + applicable, is certainly not destroyed by the sea, nor wholly + desert: but if they deserved punishment for their pride in their + greatness, they had received it in that they had quite fallen from + their former glory."--Pp. 22-25. + + [Footnote 2: Likewise, repetition must be excused, as it is here + scarcely avoidable.] + + [Footnote 3: "Olla Vulcani quae incolae Graecam vocant ignem de quo + etiam meminit Solinus," adds Adam of Bremen. Solinus speaks of + oil, or rather naphtha, from Moesia; and it is not improbable that + the Wolliners imported it for their beacons in pots.] + + [Footnote 4: The oldest MSS. are said not to have this error.] + + [Footnote 5: A native of Wollin, by the bye.] + + [Footnote 6: Close by Damerow.] + +As I wish thoroughly to dispose of the question, I shall divide my +communication on Julin into two parts, of which the above is the first. +I reserve my own remarks till all the evidence has been heard. + + KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Anecdote of Curran._--During one of the circuits, Curran was dining +with a brother advocate at a small inn kept by a respectable woman, who, +to the well ordering of her establishment, added a reputation for that +species of apt and keen reply, which sometimes supplies the place of +wit. The dinner had been well served, the wine was pronounced excellent, +and it was proposed that the hostess should be summoned to receive their +compliments on her good fare. The Christian name of this purveyor was +Honoria, a name of common occurrence in Ireland, but which is generally +abbreviated to that of Honor. Her attendance was prompt, and Curran, +after a brief eulogium on the dinner, but especially the wine, filled a +bumper, and, handing it, proposed as a toast, "Honor and Honesty." His +auditor took the glass, and with a peculiarly arch smile, said, "Our +absent friends," and having drank off her amended toast, she curtseyed +and withdrew. + + M. W. B. + +_Difficulty of getting rid of a Name._--The institution founded in Gower +Street under the name of the _University of London_, lived for ten years +under that name, and, since, for fifteen years, under the name of +_University College_, a new institution receiving the name of the +_University of London_. A few years after the change of name, a donor +left reversionary property to the _London University in Gower Street_, +which made it necessary to obtain the assistance of the Court of +Chancery in securing the reversion to its intended owners. A professor +of the _College_ in Gower Street received a letter, dated from Somerset +House (where the _University_ is), written by the Vice-Chancellor of the +University himself, and addressed, not to the _University College_, but +to the _University of London_. And in a public decision, by the +Archbishop of Canterbury, as Visitor of Dulwich College, which appears +in _The Times_ of July 21, it is directed that certain scholars are to +proceed for instruction to some such place as "King's College or _the +London University_." This is all worthy of note, because we often appeal +to old changes of name in the settlement of dates. When this decision +becomes very old, it may happen that its date will be brought into doubt +by appeal to the fact that the place of _instruction_ (what is _now_ the +_University_ giving no instruction but only granting degrees, and to +students of King's College among others) ceased to have the title of +_University_ in 1837. What so natural as to argue that the Archbishop, +himself a visitor of King's College, cannot have failed to remember +this. A reflected doubt may be thrown upon some arguments relating to +dates in former times. + + M. + +_House of Lord Edward Fitzgerald._--The Note on his mother, in Vol. +iii., p. 492., reminds me of making the following one on himself, which +may be worth a place in your columns. When lately passing through the +village of Harold's Cross, near Dublin, a friend pointed out to me a +high antiquated-looking house in the village, which he said had been +occupied by Lord Edward Fitzgerald, and in which he had planned many of +his designs. The house appears to be in good preservation, and is still +occupied. + + R. H. + +_Fairy Dances._--It might perhaps throw some light on this fanciful +subject, were we to view it in connexion with the operation of the +phenomenon termed the "odylic light," emitted from magnetic substances. +The Baron von Riechenbach, in his _Researches on Magnetism, &c._, +explains the cause of somewhat similar extraordinary appearances in the +following manner:-- + + "High on the Brocken there are rocky summits which are strongly + magnetic, and cause the needle to deviate: these rocks contain + disseminated magnetic iron ore; ... the necessary consequence is + that they send up odylic flames.... Who could blame persons imbued + with the superstitious feelings of their age, if they saw, under + these circumstances, the devil dancing with his whole train of + ghosts, demons, and witches? The revels of the Walpurgisnacht must + now, alas! vanish, and give place to the sobrieties of + science--science, which with her touch dissipates one by one all + the beautiful but dim forms evoked by phantasy." + +Should such a thing as the odylic light satisfactorily explain the +phenomenon of ghosts, fairies, &c., we should happily be relieved from +the awkward necessity of continuing to treat their existence as "old +wives' fables," or the production of a disordered imagination. + + J. H. KERSHAW. + +_AEsop._--It may be said, at first sight, "Why, every body knows all +about him." I answer, Perhaps about as much as modern painters and +artists know about Bacchus, whom they always represent as a gross, +vulgar, fat person: all the ancient poets, however (and surely they +ought to know best), depict him an exquisitely beautiful youth. A +similar vulgar error exists with regard to AEsop, who in the +_Encyclopaedia Britannica_ is pronounced a strikingly deformed personage. +The exact opposite seems to have been the truth. Philostratus has left a +description of a picture of AEsop, who was represented with a chorus of +animals about him: he was painted smiling, and looking thoughtfully on +the ground, but not a word is said of any deformity. Again, the +Athenians erected a statue to his honour, "and," says Bentley, "a statue +of him, if he were deformed, would only have been a monument of his +ugliness: it would have been an indignity, rather than an honour to his +memory, to have perpetuated his deformity." + +And, lastly, he was sold into Samos by a slave-dealer, and it is a +well-known fact that these people bought up the handsomest youths they +could procure. + + A. C. W. + + Brompton. + +_Nelson's Coat at Trafalgar_ (Vol. iv. p. 114.).--Besides the loss of +bullion from one of the epaulettes of Lord Nelson's coat occasioned by +the circumstance related by AEGROTUS, there was a similar defacement +caused by the fatal bullet itself, which might render the identification +suggested by AEGROTUS a little difficult. Sir W. Beatty says, in his +_Authentic Narrative of the Death of Lord Nelson_, p. 70.: + + "The ball struck the fore part of his lordship's epaulette, and + entered the left shoulder.... On removing the ball, a portion of + the gold lace and pad of the epaulette, together with a small + piece of his lordship's coat, was found firmly attached to it." + +The ball, with the adhering gold lace, &c., was set in a crystal locket, +and worn by Sir W. Beatty. It is now, I believe, in the possession of +Prince Albert. + +The intention of my note (Vol. iii., p. 517.) was to refute a common +impression, probably derived from Harrison's work, that Lord Nelson had +rashly adorned his admiral's uniform with extra insignia on the day of +the battle, and thereby rendered himself a conspicuous object for the +French riflemen. + + ALFRED GATTY. + + + + +Queries. + + +JOHN KNOX. + +In completing the proposed series of Knox's writings, I should feel +greatly indebted to DR. MAITLAND or any of your readers for answering +the following Queries:-- + +1. In the Catalogue of writers on the Old and New Testament, p. 107.: +London, 1663, a sermon on Ezechiel ix. 4., attributed to Knox, is said +to have been printed anno 1580. Where is there a copy of this sermon +preserved? + +2. Bale, and Melchior Adam, copying Verheiden, include in the list of +Knox's writings, _In Genesim Conciones_. Is such a book known to exist? + +3. Bishop Tanner also ascribes to him _Exposition on Daniel_: Malburg, +1529. This date is unquestionably erroneous, and probably the book also. + +4. Knox's elaborate treatise _Against the Adversaries of God's +Predestination_ was first published at Geneva, 1560, by John Crespin. +Toby Cooke, in 1580, had a license to print Knoxes _Answere to the +Cauillations of ane Anabaptist_. (Herbert's _Ames_, p. 1263.) Is there +any evidence that the work was reprinted earlier than 1591? + +5. The work itself professes to be in answer to a book entitled _The +Confutation of the Errors of the Careles by Necessitie_; "which book," +it is added, "written in the English tongue, doeth contain as well the +lies and blasphemies imagined by Sebastian Castalio, ... as also the +vane reasons of Pighius, Sadoletus, and Georgius Siculus, pestilent +Papistes, and expressed enemies of God's free mercies." When was this +_Confutation_ printed, and where is there a copy to be seen? + + DAVID LAING. + + Edinburgh. + + +Minor Queries. + +116. "_Foeda ministeria, atque minis absistite acerbis_" (Vol. iii., p. +494.).--Will any of your readers who may be metrical scholars, inform me +whether there is any classical example of such an accent and caesura as +in this verse of Vida? + + C. B. + +117. _Cornish Arms and Cornish Motto._--The Cornish arms are a field +sable with fifteen _bezants_, not _balls_ as they are commonly called, +5. 4. 3. 2. 1. in pale _or_. These arms were borne by Condurus, the last +Earl of Cornwall of British blood, in the time of William I., and were +so borne until Richard, Earl of Cornwall, on being created Earl of +Poictou, took the arms of such. According to the custom of the French, +these were a rampant lion _gules_ crowned _or_, in a field _argent_; but +to show forth Cornwall, he threw the fifteen _bezants_ into a bordour +_sable_, round the bearing of the Earl of Poictou; but the Cornish arms, +those of Condurus, are unaltered, though the _coins_ are often mistaken +for balls, and painted on a field coloured to the painter's fancy. Can +you tell me when the Cornish motto "one and all" was adopted, and why? + + S. H. (2) + +118. _Gloucester saved from the King's Mines._--In Sir Kenelm Digby's +_Treatise of Bodies_, ch. xxviii. sec. 4., is this passage: + + "The trampling of men and horses in a quiet night, will be heard + some miles off.... Most of all if one set a drum smooth upon the + ground, and lay one's ear to the upper edge of it," &c. + +On which the copy in my possession (ed. 1669) has the following marginal +note in a cotemporary hand: + + "Thus Gloucester was saved from the King's mines by y'e drum of a + drunken dru[=m]er." + +To what event does this refer, and where shall I find an account of it? +It evidently happened during the civil wars, but Clarendon has no +mention of it. + + T. H. KERSLEY, A.B. + +119. _Milesian._--What is the origin of the term _Milesian_ as applied +to certain races among the Irish? + + W. FRASER. + +120. _Horology._--Can any of your numerous correspondents kindly inform +me what is the best scientific work on Horology? I do not want one +containing _mere_ mathematical work, but entering into all the details +of the various movements, escapements, &c. &c. of astronomical clocks, +chronometers, pocket watches, with the latest improvements down to the +present time. + + H. C. K. + +121. _Laurentius Mueller._--Can any of your readers mention a library +which contains a copy of the _Historia Septentrionalis_, or History of +Poland, of Laurentius Mueller, published about 1580? + + A. TR. + +122. _Lines on a Bed._--Can you tell me where I can find the antecedents +of the following couplets? They are a portion of some exquisite poetical +"Lines on a Bed:" + + "To-day thy bosom may contain + Exulting pleasure's fleeting train, + Desponding grief to-morrow!" + +I once thought they were Prior's, but I cannot find them. Can you assist +me? + + R. W. B. + +123. _Pirog._--A custom, I believe, still exists in Russia for the +mistress of a family to distribute on certain occasions bread or cake to +her guests. Some particulars of this custom appeared either in the +_Globe_ or the _Standard_ newspaper in 1837 or 1838, during the months +of October, November, or December. Having lost the reference to the +precise date, and only recollecting that the custom is known by the name +of _Pirog_, I shall feel much obliged to any correspondent of the "NOTES +AND QUERIES" if he can supply me with further information on the +subject. + + R. M. W. + +124. _Lists of Plants with their Provincial Names._--In a biography that +appeared of Dr. P. Brown in the _Anthologia Hibernica_ for Jan. 7, 1793, +we are informed that he prepared for the press a "Fasciculus Plantarum +Hibernicarum," enumerating chiefly those growing in the counties of Mayo +and Galway, written in Latin, with the English and Irish names of each +plant. See also _Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science_, i.--xxx. +Where is this MS.? + +Can any of your readers refer me to similar lists of plants indigenous +to either England or Ireland, in which the provincial names are +preserved, with any notes on their use in medicine, or their connexion +with the superstitions of the district to which the list refers? Any +information on this subject, however slight, will particularly oblige + + S. P. H. T. + +P.S. I should not be much surprised if the MS. of Dr. P. Brown existed +in some of the collectanea in the Library of Trin. Coll. Dub. + +125. _Print cleaning._--How should prints be cleaned, so as not to +injure the paper? + + A. G. + +126. _Italian Writer on Political Economy--Carli the Economist._--What +was the first work by an Italian writer on any element of political +economy? and in what year did Carli, the celebrated economist, die? + + ALPHA. + +127. _Nightingale and Thorn._--Where is the earliest notice of the fable +of the nightingale and the thorn? that she sings because she has a thorn +in her breast? For obvious reasons, the fiction cannot be classical. + +It is noticed by Byron: + + "The nightingale that sings with the deep thorn, + That fable places in her breast of wail, + Is lighter far of heart and voice than those + Whose headlong passions form their proper woes." + +But an earlier mention is found in Browne's poem on the death of Mr. +Thomas Manwood:-- + + "Not for thee these briny tears are spent, + But as the nightingale against the breere, + 'Tis for myself I moan and do lament, + Not that thou left'st the world, but left'st me here." + +He seems to interpret the fable to the same effect as Homer makes +Achilles' women lament Patroclus--[Greek: Patroklou prophasin, sphon d' +auton kede' hekaste]. It has been suggested that it rather implies that +the spirit of music, like that of poetry and prophecy, visits chiefly +the afflicted,--a comfortable doctrine to prosaic and unmusical people. + + A. W. H. + +128. _Coleridge's Essays on Beauty._--At pp. 300, 301, of this writer's +_Table Talk_ (3rd edition) there is the following paragraph:-- + + "I exceedingly regret the loss of those essays on beauty, which I + wrote in a Bristol newspaper. I would give much to recover them." + +Can any of your readers afford information on this point? The +publication of the essays in question (supposing that they have not yet +been published) would be a most welcome addition to the works of so +eminent and original an author as S. T. Coleridge. + + J. H. KERSHAW. + +129. _Henryson and Kinaston._--MR. SINGER (Vol. iii., p. 297.) refers to +Sir Francis Kinaston's Latin version of Chaucer's _Troilus and +Cresseid_, and of Henryson's _Testament of Cresseid_. The first two +books of the former are well known as having been printed at Oxford, +1635, 4to.; and the entire version was announced for publication by F. +G. Waldron, in a pamphlet printed as a specimen, in 1796. Query, Who is +now the possessor of Kinaston's manuscript, which MR. SINGER recommends +as worthy of the attention of the Camden Society? + +In the original table of contents of a manuscript collection, written +about the year 1515, one article in that portion of the volume now lost +is "Mr. Robert Henderson's dreme, _On fut by Forth_." Can any of your +readers point out where a copy of this, or any other unpublished poems +by Henryson, are preserved? + + D. L. + + Edinburgh. + +130. _Oldys' Account of London Libraries._--In "A Catalogue of the +Libraries of the late _William Oldys_, Esq., Norroy King at Arms (author +of the _Life of Sir Walter Raleigh_), the Reverend _Mr. Emms_, of +_Yarmouth_, and _Mr. William Rush_, which will begin to be sold on +Monday, April 12, by Thomas Davies;" published without date, but +supposed to be in 1764, I find amongst Mr. Oldys's manuscripts, lot +3613.: "Of London Libraries: with Anecdotes of Collectors of Books, +Remarks on Booksellers, and on the first Publishers of Catalogues." Can +any of your readers inform me if the same is still in existence, and in +whose possession it is? + + WILLIAM BROWN, Jun. + + Old Street. + +131. _A Sword-blade Note._--I find in an account-book of a public +company an entry dated Oct. 1720, directing the disposal of "A +Sword-blade Note for One hundred ninety-two pounds ten shillings seven +pence." Can any of your numerous readers, especially those cognisant of +monetary transactions, favour me with an explanation of the nature of +this note, and the origin of its peculiar appellation? + + R. J. + + Threadneedle Street, Aug. 28. 1851. + +132. _Abacot._--The word ABACOT, now inserted in foreign as well as +English dictionaries, was adopted by Spelman in his Glossary: the +authority which he gives _seems_ to be the passage (stating that King +Henry VI.'s "high cap of estate, called _Abacot_, garnished with two +rich crowns," was presented to King Edward IV. after the battle of +Hexham) which is in Holinshed, (the third volume of _Chronicles_, fol. +Lond. 1577, p. 666. col. 2. line 28.): but this appears to be copied +from Grafton (_A Chronicle, &c._, fol. Lond. 1569), where the word +stands _Abococket_. If this author took it from Hall (_The Union, &c._, +fol. Lond. 1549) I think it there stands the same: but in Fabyan's +_Chronicle_, as edited by Ellis, it is printed _Bycoket_; and in one +black-letter copy in the British Museum, it may be seen _Bicoket_, +corrected in the margin by a hand of the sixteenth century, _Brioket_. + +Can any reader point out the right word, and give its derivation? + + J. W. P. + +133. _Princesses of Wales_ (Vol. iv., p. 24.).--C. C. R. has clearly +shown what is Hume's authority for the passage quoted by Mr. Christian +in his edition of _Blackstone_, and referred to by me in my former +communication, Vol. iii., p. 477. Can he point out where the passage in +Hume is found? Mr. Christian refers to Hume, iv. p. 113.; but I have not +been able to find it at the place referred to in any edition of Hume +which I have had the opportunity of consulting. + + G. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_A Kelso Convoy._--What is the origin of a _Kelso convoy_,--a Scotch +phrase, used to express going a little way with a person? + + B. + + [Jamieson, in his _Dictionary of the Scottish Language_, + Johnstone's Abridgment, thus explains the phrase:-- + + "KELSO CONVOY, an escort scarcely deserving the name south of + Scotland. 'A step and a half ower the door stane.' (_Antiquary._) + This is rather farther than a _Scotch Convoy_, which, according to + some, is only to the door. It is, however, explained by others as + signifying that one goes as far as the friend whom he accompanies + has to go, although to his own door."] + +_Cardinal Wolsey._--In the life of Wolsey in the _Penny Cyclopaedia_ is +the following: + + "It is said that while he lived at Lymington, he got drunk at a + neighbouring fair. For some such cause it is certain that Sir + Amias Paulett put him into the stocks,--a punishment for which we + find that he subsequently revenged himself." + +I have been unable to find what was his revenge. + + B. + + [Collins, in his _Peerage of England_, vol. iv. p. 3., says, "that + in the reign of Henry VII., when Cardinal Wolsey was only a + schoolmaster at Lymington, in Somersetshire, Sir Amias Paulett, + for some misdemeanor committed by him, clapped him in the stocks; + which the Cardinal, when he grew into favour with Henry VIII., so + far resented, that he sought all manner of ways to give him + trouble, and obliged him (as Godwin in his _Annals_, p. 28., + observes) to dance attendance at London for some years, and by all + manner of obsequiousness to curry favour with him. During the time + of his attendance, being commanded by the Cardinal not to depart + London without licence, he took up his lodging in the great gate + of the Temple towards Fleet Street."] + +_Brunswick Mum._--Why was the beer called _Brunswick Mum_ so named? When +I was young it used to be drunk in this country, and was, I am told, +extensively exported to India, &c. Is it still manufactured? + + G. CREED. + + [Skinner calls _Mum_ a strong kind of beer, introduced by us from + Brunswick, and derived either from German _mummeln_, to mumble, or + from _mum_ (silentii index), _i.e._ either drink that will (ut nos + dicimus) make a cat speak, or drink that will take away the power + of speech. + + "The clamorous crowd is hush'd with mugs of mum, + Till all, tun'd equal, send a general hum."--_Pope._ + + Brunswick Mum is now advertised for sale by many publicans in the + metropolis.] + +_Meaning of "Rasher."_--What is the derivation of the word _rasher_, "a +_rasher_ of bacon?" + + J. H. C. + + Adelaide, South Australia. + + [Surely from the French _raser_, to shave--a shaving of bacon. Our + correspondent will probably recollect that vessels that have been + _cut down_ are commonly known as _razees_.] + + + + +Replies. + + +PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION OF THE EARTH'S ROTATION. + +(Vol. iv., p. 129.) + +I beg to send you a few remarks on the note of A. E. B., concerning the +"Pendulum Demonstration of the Earth's Rotation." + +Your correspondent appears to consider that the only fact asserted by +the propounders of the theory, is a variation in the plane of +oscillation, caused by "the difference of rotation due to the excess of +velocity with which one extremity of the line of oscillation may be +affected more than the other;" the probable existence of which he proves +by imagining a pendulum suspended over a point half-way between London +and Edinburgh, and set in motion by being drawn towards and retained +over London, and thence dismissed on its course. It is clear that in +such a case the pendulum would at starting be impressed with the same +velocity of motion in an eastern direction which the retaining power in +London had, and that its path would be the result of this force +compounded with that given by gravity in its line of suspension, _i.e._ +towards the north, and its course would therefore be one subject to easy +calculation. I should imagine that this disturbing force arising from +the excess of eastern velocity possessed by the starting point over that +of suspension, would be inappreciable after a few oscillations; but at +all events it is evident that it might readily be avoided by setting the +pendulum in motion by an impulse given beneath the point of suspension, +by giving to it a direction east and west as suggested by A. E. B., or +by several other expedients which must occur to a mathematician. + +Your correspondent proceeds by requiring that there should be shown +"reasonable ground to induce the belief that the ball is really free +from the attraction of each successive point of the earth's surface," +and is not as "effectually a partaker in the rotation of any given +point" as if it were fixed there; or that "the duration of residence" +necessary to cause such effect should be stated. Now I certainly am +aware of no force by which a body unconnected with the earth would have +any tendency to rotate with it; gravity can only act in a direct line +from the body affected to the centre of the attracting body, and the +motion in the direction of the earth's rotation can only be gained by +contact or connexion, however momentary, with it. The onus of proving +the existence of such a force as A. E. B. alludes to, must surely rest +with him, not that of disproving it with me. What the propounders of +this theory claim to show is, I humbly conceive, this,--that the +direction in which a pendulum oscillates is _constant_, and not affected +by the rotation of the earth beneath it: that as when suspended above +the pole (where the point of suspension would remain fixed) the plane of +each oscillation would make a _different_ angle with any given meridian +of longitude, returning to its original angle when the diurnal rotation +of the earth was completed; and as when suspended above the equator, +where the point of suspension would be moved in a right line, or, to +define more accurately, where the plane made by the motion of a line +joining the point of suspension and the point directly under it (over +which the ball would remain if at rest) would be a flat or right plane, +the angle made by each successive oscillation with any one meridian +would be the _same_, so, at all the intermediate stations between the +pole and the equator, where the point of suspension would move in a +line, commencing near the pole with an infinitely small curve, and +ending near the equator with one infinitely large (_i.e._ where the +plane as described above would be thus curved), the angle of the plane +of oscillation with a given meridian would, at each station, vary in a +ratio diminishing from the variation at the pole until it became extinct +at the equator, which variation they believe to be capable both of +mathematical proof and of ocular demonstration. + +I do not profess to be one of the propounders of this theory, and it is +very probable that you may have received from some other source a more +lucid, and perhaps a more correct, explanation of it; but in case you +have not done so, I send you the foregoing rough "Note" of what are my +opinions of it. + + E. H. Y. + + +A SAXON BELL-HOUSE. + +(Vol. iv., p. 102.) + +Your correspondent MR. GATTY, in a late number, has quoted a passage of +the historian Hume, which treats a certain Anglo-Saxon document as a +statute of Athelstan. As your correspondent cites his author without a +comment, he would appear to give his own sanction to the date which Hume +has imposed upon that document. In point of fact, it bears no express +date, and therefore presents a good subject for a Query, whether that or +any other era is by construction applicable to it. It is an extremely +interesting Anglo-Saxon remain; and as it bears for title, "be +leodgethincthum and lage," it purports to give legal information upon +the secular dignities and ranks of the Anglo-Saxon period. This promises +well to the archaeologist, but unfortunately, on a nearer inspection, the +document loses much of its worth; for, independently of its lacking a +date, its jurisprudence partakes more of theory than that dry law which +we might imagine would proceed from the Anglo-Saxon bench. +Notwithstanding this, however, its archaeological interest is great. The +language is pure and incorrupt West Saxon. + +It has been published by all its editors (except Professor Leo) as +_prose_, when it is clearly not only rythmical but alliterative--an +obvious characteristic of Anglo-Saxon poetry. And it is this mistake +which has involved the further consequence of giving to the document a +legal and historical value which it would never have had if its real +garb had been seen through. This has led the critics into a belief of +its veracity, when a knowledge of its real character would have inspired +doubts. I believe that its accidental position in the first printed +edition at the end of the "Judicia" (whether it be so placed in the MS. +I know not) has assisted in the delusion, and has supplied a date to the +minds of those who prefer faith to disquisition. The internal evidence +of the document also shows that it is not jurisprudence, but only a +vision spun from the writer's own brains, of what he dreamed to be +constitutional and legal characteristics of an anterior age, when there +were greater liberty of action and expansion of mind. The opening words +of themselves contain the character of the document:--"Hit waes hwilum." +It is not a narrative of the present, but a record of the past. + +The legal poet then breaks freely into the darling ornament of +Anglo-Saxon song, alliteration: "On Engla lagum thaet leod and lagum," +and so on to the end. As its contents are so well known and accessible, +I will not quote them, but will merely give a running comment upon +parts. "Gif ceorl getheah," &c. It may be _doubted_ whether, even in +occasional instances, the _ceorl_ at any time possessed under the +Anglo-Saxon system the power of equalising himself by means of the +acquisition of property, with the class of theguas or gentils-hommes. +But in the broad way in which the poet states it, it may be absolutely +denied, inasmuch as the acquisition of wealth is made of itself to +transform the _ceorl_ into a _thegn_: a singular coincidence of idea +with the vulgar modern theory, but incompatible with fact in an age when +a dominant caste of _gentlemen_ obtained. + +It is not until the reign of Edward III. that any man, not born a +gentleman, can be distinctly traced in possession of the honours and +dignities of the country; an air of improbability is thus given which is +increased by a verbal scrutiny. In the words "gif thegen getheah thaet be +wearth to eorle," &c., the use of the word _eorl_ is most suspicious. +This is not the _eorl_ of antiquity--the Teutonic _nobilis_; it is the +official _eorl_ of the Danish and _quasi_-Danish periods. This +anachronism betrays the real date of the production, and carries us to +the times succeeding the reign of Ethelred II., when the disordered and +transitional state of the country may have excited in the mind of the +disquieted writer a fond aspiration which he clothed in the fanciful +garb of his own wishes, rather than that of the gloomy reality which he +saw before him. + +The use of the _craeft_, for a vessel, like the modern, is to be found in +the _Andreas_ (v. 500.), a composition probably of the eleventh century. + +The conclusion points to troubled and late times of the Anglo-Saxon +rule, when the church missed the reverence which had been paid to it in +periods of peace and prosperity. + +I have said enough to show that this document cannot rank in accuracy or +truthful value with the Rectitudines or the LL. of Hen. I. + +One word more. What is the meaning of _burh-geat_? _Burh_ I can +understand; authorities abound for its use as expressing the _manoir_ of +the Anglo-Saxon _thegn_. The "geneates riht" (_Rectitudines_) is +"bytlian and burh hegegian." The _ceorls_ of Dyddanham were bound to +dyke the hedge of their lords' _burh_ ("Consuetudines in Dyddanhamme," +_Kemb_, vol. iii. App. p. 450.): "And dicie gyrde burh heges." + + H. C. C. + + +THE WHALE OF JONAH. + +Eichhorn (_Einleitung in das Alte Testament_, iii. 249.) in a note +refers to a passage of Mueller's translations of Linnaeus, narrating the +following remarkable accident:-- + + "In the year 1758, a seaman, in consequence of stormy weather, + unluckily fell overboard from a frigate into the Mediterranean. A + seal (_Seehund_, not _Hai_, a shark) immediately took the man, + swimming and crying for help, into it wide jaws. Other seamen + sprang into a boat to help their swimming comrade; and their + captain, noticing the accident, had the presence of mind to + direct a gun to be fired from the deck at the fish, whereby he was + fortunately so far struck (_so getroffen wurde_) that he _spit_ + out directly the seaman previously seized in his jaws, who was + taken into the boat alive, and apparently little hurt. + + "The seal was taken by harpoons and ropes, and hauled into the + frigate, and hung to dry in the cross-trees (_quaere_). The captain + gave the fish to the seaman who, by God's providence, had been so + wonderfully preserved; and he made the circuit of Europe with it + as an exhibition, and from France it came to Erlangen, Nuremburg, + and other places, where it was openly shown. The fish was twenty + feet long, with fins nine feet broad, and weighed 3,924 lbs., and + is illustrated in tab. 9. fig. 5.; from all which it is very + probably concluded, that this kind was the true Jonas-fish." + +Bochart concurs in this opinion. + +Herman de Hardt (_Programma de rebus Jonae_, Helmst. 1719) considers that +Jonah stopt at a tavern bearing the sign of the whale. + +Lesz (_Vermischte Schriften_, Th. i. S. 16.) thinks that a ship with a +figure-head (_Zeichen_) of a whale took Jonah on board, and in three +days put him ashore; from which it was reported that the ship-whale had +vomited (discharged) him. + +Eichhorn has noticed the above in his Introduction to the Old Testament +(iii. 250.). + +An anonymous writer says that _dag_ means a fish-boat; and that the word +which is translated _whale_, should have been _preserver_; a criticism +inconsistent with itself, and void of authority. + +The above four instances are the only hypotheses at variance with the +received text and interpretation worthy of notice: if indeed the case of +the shark can be deemed at all at variance, as the term [Greek: ketos] +was used to designate many different fishes. + +Jebb (_Sacred Literature_, p. 178.) says that the whale's stomach is not +a safe and practicable asylum; but-- + + "The throat is large, and provided with a bag or intestine so + considerable in size that whales frequently take into it _two_ of + their young, when weak, especially during a tempest. In this + vessel there are two vents, which serve for inspiration and + expiration; there, in all probability, Jonas was preserved." + +John Hunter compares the whale's tongue to a feather bed; and says that +the baleen (whalebone) and tongue together fill up the whole space of +the jaws. + +Josephus describes the fish of Jonah as a [Greek: ketos], and fixes on +the Euxine for the locality as an _on dit_ ([Greek: ho logos]). The same +word in reference to the same event is used by Epiphanius, Cedrenus, +Zanarus, and Nicephorus. + +The Arabic version has the word [Arabic] (_choono_), translated in +Walton's Polyglott _cetus_; but the word, according to Castell, means "a +tavern," or "merchants' office." This may have led to Herman de Hardt's +whim. + +The Targum of Jonathan, and the Syriac of Jonah, have both the identical +word which was most probably used by our Lord, _Noono_, fish, the root +signifying _to be prolific_, for which fishes are eminently remarkable. +_Dag_, the Hebrew word, has the same original signification. + +The word used by our Lord, in adverting to His descent to Hades, was +most probably that of the Syriac version, [Syriac](_noono_), which means +_fish_ in Chaldee and Arabic, as well as in Syriac; and corresponds to +the Hebrew word [Hebrew], (_dag_), _fish_, in Jonah i. 17., ii. 1., 10. +The Greek of Matthew xii. 40., instead of [Greek: ichthus], has [Greek: +ketos], _a whale_. The Septuagint has the same word [Greek: ketos] for +(1) _dag_ in Jonah, as well as for (2) _leviathan_ in Job iii. 8., and +for (3) _tanninim_ in Genesis i. 21. The error appears to be in the +Septuagint of Jonah, where the particular fish, _the whale_, is +mentioned instead of the general term _fish_. Possibly the disciples of +Christ knew that the fish was a [Greek: ketos], and the habits of such +of them as were fishermen might have familiarised them with its +description or form. It is certain that the [Greek: ketos] of Aristotle, +and _cetus_ of Pliny, was one of the genus _Cetacea_, without gills, but +with blow-holes communicating with the lungs. The disciples may also +have heard the mythological story of Hercules being three days in the +belly of the [Greek: ketos], the word used by AEneas Gazaeus, although +Lycophron describes the animal as a shark, [Greek: karcharos kuon]. + + "[Greek: Triesperou leontos, hon pote gnathois + Tritonos emalapse karcharos kuon.]" + +The remarkable event recorded of Jonah occurred just about 300 years +before Lycophron wrote; who, having doubtless heard the true story, +thought it right to attribute it to Hercules, to whom all other +marvellous feats of power, strength, and dexterity were appropriated by +the mythologists. + + T. J. BUCKTON. + + Lichfield. + + +ST. TRUNNIAN. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 187. 252.) + +Your "NOTES AND QUERIES" form the best specimen of a +Conversations-Lexicon that I have yet met with; and I regret that it was +not in existence some years ago, having long felt the want of some such +special and ready medium of communication. + +In the old enclosures to the west of the town of Barton we had a spring +of clear water called St. Trunnian's Spring; and in our open field we +had an old thorn tree called St. Trunnian's Tree,--names that imply a +familiar acquaintance with St. Trunnian here; but I have no indication +to show who St. Trunnian was. I am happy, however, to find that your +indefatigable correspondent DR. RIMBAULT, like myself, has had his +attention called to the same unsatisfied Query. + +Paulinus, the first Bishop of York, was the first who preached +Christianity in Lindsey; yet St. Chad was the patron saint of Barton and +its immediate neighbourhood, and at times I have fancied that St. +Trunnian might have been one of his coadjutors; at other times I have +thought he may have been some sainted person, posted here with the +allied force under Anlaff, previous to the great battle of Brunannburg, +which was fought in the adjoining parish in the time of Athelstan: but I +never could meet with any conclusive notice, of St. Trunnian, or any +particular account of him. Some years ago I was dining with a clerical +friend in London, and then made known my anxiety, when he at once +referred to the quotation made by DR. RIMBAULT from _Appius and +Virginia_, as in Vol. iii., p. 187.; and my friend has since referred me +to Heywoods's play of _The Four P's_ (Collier's edition of Dodsley's Old +Plays, vol. i. p. 55.), where the Palmer is introduced narrating his +pilgrimage: + + "At Saynt Toncumber and Saynt Tronion, + At Saynt Bothulph and Saynt Ann of Buckston;" + +inferring a locality for St. Tronion as well as St. Botulph, in +Lincolnshire: and subsequently my friend notes that-- + + "Mr. Stephens, in a letter to the printer of the _St. James's + Chronicle_, points out the following mention of St. Tronion in + Geoffrey Fenton's _Tragical Discourses_, 4to., 1567, fol. 114. + b.:--'He (referring to some one in his narrative not named) + returned in Haste to his Lodgynge, where he attended the approche + of his Hower of appointment wyth no lesse Devocyon than the + papystes in France perform their ydolatrous Pilgrimage to the ydol + Saynt Tronyon upon the Mount Avyon besides Roan.'" + +Should these minutes lead to further information, it will give me great +pleasure, as I am anxious to elucidate, as far as I can, the antiquities +of my native place. + +Mr. Jaques lives at a place called St. Trinnians, near to Richmond in +Yorkshire; but I have not the _History of Richmondshire_ to refer to, so +as to see whether any notice of our saint is there taken under this +evident variation of the same appellation. + + WM. S. HESLEDEN. + + Barton-upon-Humber, Aug. 29. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor_ (Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137.).--L. M. says +that the precedent of Mr. Harley being sworn of the Privy Council does +not prove the argument advanced by C., and "for this simple reason, that +the individual who held the office is _not_ Right Honorable, but the +officer _is_." What he means by the _office_ (of privy councillor) is +not clear; but surely he does not mean to say that it is not the rank of +privy councillor which gives the courtesy style of Right Honorable? If +so, can a man be a member of the Council till he is _sworn_ at the +board? + +Is the Lord Mayor a member of the Board, not having been sworn? Is he +ever summoned to any Council? When he attends a meeting on the occasion +of the accession, is he _summoned_? and if so, by whom, and in what +manner? The Lord Mayor is certainly _not_ a privy councillor by reason +of his courtesy _style_ of Lord, any more than the Lord Mayor of York. + +The question is, whether the style of Right Honorable was given to the +Lord Mayor from the supposition that he was a privy councillor, or from +the fact that formerly the Lord Mayor was considered as holding the rank +of a _Baron_; for if he died during his mayoralty, he was buried with +the rank, state, and degree of _Baron_. + +When does it appear that the style of Right Honorable was first given to +the Lord Mayor of London? + + E. + +_Did Bishop Gibson write a life of Cromwell?_ (Vol. iv., p. 117.).--In +the Life of the Rev. Isaac Kimber, prefixed to his _Sermons_, London, +1756, 8vo., it is stated that-- + + "One of the first productions he gave to the world was the _Life + of Oliver Cromwell_ in 8vo., printed for Messrs. Brotherton and + Cox. This piece met with a very good reception from the public, + and has passed through several editions, universally esteemed for + its style and its impartiality; and as the author's name was not + made public, though it was always known to his friends, it was at + first very confidently ascribed to Dr. Gibson, Bishop of + London."--P. 10. + +The Life of Kimber appears to have been written by Edward Kimber, his +son, and therefore the claim of Bishop Gibson to this work may very +fairly be set aside. + +The _Short Critical Review of the life of Oliver Cromwell, by a +Gentleman of the Middle Temple_, has always been attributed to John +Bankes, an account of whom will be found in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._, +vol. iii. p. 422., where it is confidently stated to be his. It was +first published in 1739, 8vo. I have two copies of a third edition, +Lond. 1747. 12mo. "Carefully revised and greatly enlarged in every +chapter by the author." In one of the copies the title-page states it to +be "by a gentleman of the Middle Temple;" and in the other "by Mr. +Bankes." Bishop Gibson did not die till 1748, and there seems little +probability that, if he were the author, another man's name would be put +to it during his lifetime. + +I conclude therefore that neither of these two works are by Bishop +Gibson. + + JAS. CROSSLEY. + +_Lines on the Temple_ (Vol. iii., pp. 450. 505.).--In the _Gentleman's +Mag._ (Suppl. for 1768, p. 621.), the reviewer of a work entitled +"_Cobleriana, or the Cobler's Miscellany_, being a choice collection of +the miscellaneous pieces in prose and verse, serious and comic, by +Jobson the Cobler, of Drury Lane, 2 vols.," gives the following extract; +but does not state whether it belongs to the "new" pieces, or to those +which had been previously "published in the newspapers," the volume +being avowedly composed of both sorts:-- + + "_An Epigram on the Lamb and Horse, the two insignia of the + Societies of the Temple._ + + "The Lamb the _Lawyers'_ innocence declares, + The Horse _their_ expedition in affairs; + Hail, happy men! for chusing two such types + As plainly shew _they_ give the world no wipes; + For who dares say that suits are at a stand, + When _two_ such virtues both go hand in hand? + No more let _Chanc'ry Lane_ be endless counted, + Since they're by Lamb and Horse so nobly mounted." + +The _Italics_, which I have copied, were, I suppose, put in by the +reviewer, who adds, "Q. Whether the Lamb and Horse are mounted upon +Chancery Lane, or two virtues, or happy men?" Poor man! I am afraid his +Query has never been answered; for that age was not adorned and +illustrated by any work like one in which we rejoice,--a work of which, +lest a more unguarded expression of our feelings should be indelicate, +and subject us to the suspicion of flattery, we will be content to say +boldly, that, though less in size and cost, it is cotemporaneous with +the Great Exhibition. + + A TEMPLAR. + +These lines are printed (probably for the first time) in the sixth +number of _The Foundling Hospital for Wit_, 8vo.: Printed for W. Webb, +near St. Paul's, 1749 (p. 73.). The learned author of _Heraldic +Anomalies_ (2nd edit. vol. i. p. 310.) says they were _chalked_ upon one +of the public gates of the Temple; but from the following note, +preceding the lines in question, in _The Foundling Hospital for Wit_, +this statement is probably erroneous: + + "The Inner Temple Gate, London, being lately repaired, and + curiously decorated, the following inscription, in honour of both + the Temples, is _intended_ to be put over it." + +A MS. note, in a cotemporary hand, in my copy of _The Foundling Hospital +for Wit_, states the author of the original lines to have been the "Rev. +William Dunkin, D.D." The answer which follows it, is said to be by "Sir +Charles Hanbury Williams." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Henry Headley, B.A._ (Vol. iii., p. 280.).--E. B. PRICE styles "Henry +Headley, B.A., of Norwich, a _now forgotten critic_." He might have +added, "but who deserved to be remembered, as one whose _Select Beauties +of Ancient English Poetry, with Remarks, &c._, in 2 vols., 1787, +contributed something towards the revival of a taste for that species of +literature which Percy's _Reliques_ exalted into a fashion, if not a +passion, never to be discountenanced again." The work of course is +become scarce, and not the less valuable, though that recommendation +constitutes its least value. + + J. M. G. + + Hallamshire. + +_Cycle of Cathay_ (Vol. iv., p. 37.).--Without reflecting much on the +matter, I have always supposed the "cycle" in Tennyson's line-- + + "Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay"-- + +to be the Platonic cycle, or great year, the space of time in which all +the stars and constellations return to their former places in respect of +the equinoxes; which space of time is calculated by Tycho Brahe at +25,816 years, and by Riccioli at 25,920: and I understood the passage +(whether rightly or wrongly I shall be glad to be informed) to mean, +that fifty years of life in Europe were better than any amount of +existence, however extended, in the Celestial Empire. + + W. FRASER. + +_Proof of Sword Blades_ (Vol. iv., pp. 39. 109.).--Without wishing to +detract from the merits of an invention, which probably is superior in +its effects to old modes of testing sword blades, I object to the term +_efficient_ being applied to _machine_-proved swords. + +Because, after such proof, they frequently break by ordinary cutting; +even those which have been made doubly strong and heavy--and hence unfit +and useless for actual engagement--have so failed. And because +machine-tried swords are liable to, and do, break in the handle. + +For many reasons I should condemn the machine in question as +inapplicable to its purposes. By analogous reasoning, it would not be +wrong to call a candle a good thrusting instrument, because a machine +may be made to force it through a deal plank. + +The subject of testing sword blades is a very important one, although it +has not received that degree of attention from those whom it more nearly +concerns which it seems to demand. + +The writer's experience has been only _en amateur_; but it has satisfied +him how much yet remains to be effected before swords proved by a +machine are to be relied upon. + + E. M. M. + + Thornhill Square, August 16. 1851. + +_Was Milton an Anglo-Saxon Scholar?_ (Vol. iv., p. 100.).--Is it too +much to suppose that the learned "Secretary for Forreigne Tongues" was +acquainted with the _Paraphrasis poetica Genesios ac praecipuarum sacrae +Paginae Historiarum, abhinc Annos MLXX. Anglo-Saxonice conscripta, et +nunc primum edita a Francisco Junius_, published at Amsterdam in 1655, +at least two years before he commenced his immortal poem? Hear Mr. +Turner on the subject: + + "Milton could not be wholly unacquainted with Junius; and if he + conversed with him, Junius was very likely to have made Caedmon the + topic of his discourse, and may have read enough in English to + Milton, to have fastened upon his imagination, without his being a + Saxon scholar."--Turner's _Anglo-Saxons_, vol. iii., p. 316. + +Both Mr. Turner and Mr. Todd, however, appear to lean to the opinion +that Milton was not unskilled in Saxon literature, and mention, as an +argument in its favour, the frequent quotations from the _Anglo-Saxon +Chronicle_ which occur in the History. It is also worthy of note that +Alexander Gill, his schoolmaster, and whose friendship Milton possessed +in no small degree, had pursued his researches somewhat deep into the +"well of English undefiled," as appears from that extremely curious, +though little known work, the _Logonomia Anglica_. + + SAXONICUS. + +_English Sapphics._--I admired the verses quoted by H. E. H. (Vol. iii., +p. 525.) so much that I have had them printed, but unfortunately have no +copy by me to send you. I quote them from memory: + + PSALM CXXXVII. + + _By a Schoolboy._ + + "Fast by thy stream, O Babylon! reclining, + Woe-begone exile, to the gale of evening + Only responsive, my forsaken harp I + Hung on the willows. + + "Gush'd the big tear-drops as my soul remember'd + Zion, thy mountain-paradise, my country! + When the fierce bands Assyrian who led us + Captive from Salem + + "Claim'd in our mournful bitterness of anguish + Songs and unseason'd madrigals of joyance-- + 'Sing the sweet-temper'd carols that ye wont to + Warble in Zion.' + + "Dumb be my tuneful eloquence, if ever + Strange echoes answer to a song of Zion, + Blasted this right hand, if I should forget thee, + Land of my fathers!" + + O. T. DOBBIN. + + Hull College. + +_The Tradescants_ (Vol. iii., p. 469.).--It is to be hoped that the +discovery by C. C. R. of Dr. Ducarel's note may yet lead to the +obtaining further information concerning the elder Tradescant. It may go +for something to prove beyond doubt that he was nearly connected with +the county of Kent, which has not been proved yet. Parkinson says that +"he sometimes belonged to ... Salisbury.... And then unto the Right +Honorable the Lord Wotton at Canterbury in Kent." See Parkinson's +_Paradisus Terrestris_, p. 152. (This must be the same with DR. +RIMBAULT'S Lord Weston, p. 353., which should have been "Wotton.") We +may therefore, in the words of Dr. Ducarel's note, "consult (with +certainty of finding information concerning the Tradescants) the +registers of ----apham, Kent." I should give the preference to any place +near Canterbury approaching that name. + +It is worth noticing that the deed of gift of John Tradescant (2) to +Elias Ashmole was dated in true astrological form, being "December 16, +1657, 5 hor. 30 minutes post merid." See Ashmole's _Diary_, p. 36. + + BLOWEN. + +_Monumental Inscription, English Version_ (Vol. iv., p. 88.).--I have a +Note on this very epitaph, made several years since, from whence +extracted I know not; but there is an English version attached, which +may prove interesting to some readers, as it exactly imitates the style +of the Latin: + + cur- f- w- d- dis- and p- + "A -sed -iend -rought -eath ease -ain." + bles- fr- b- br- and ag- + + E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Lady Petre's Monument_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.).--Will the following passage, +from Murray's _Handbook to Southern Germany_, throw any light on the +meaning of the initials at the foot of Lady Petre's monument, as alluded +to in your Number of July 12, 1851? + + "At the extremity of the right-hand aisle of the cathedral of St. + Stephen, is the marble monument of the Emperor Frederick III., + ornamented with 240 figures and 40 coats of arms, carved by a + sculptor of Strasburg, Nicholas Lerch. On a scroll twisted around + the sceptre in the hand of the effigy, is seen Frederick's device + or motto, the letters A. E. I. O. U., supposed to be the initials + of the words Alles Erdreich Ist Oesterreich Unterthan; or, in + Latin, Austriae Est Imperare Orbis Universi."--Murray's _Handbook + to Southern Germany_, pp. 135, 136. + + C. M. G. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Messrs. Longman have this month given a judicious and agreeable variety +to _The Traveller's Library_ by substituting for one of Mr. Macaulay's +brilliant political biographies a volume of travels; and in selecting +Mr. Laing's _Journal of a Residence in Norway during the Years 1834, +1835, and 1836_ (which is completed in Two Parts), they have shown +excellent discretion. For, as Mr. Laing well observes, "few readers of +the historical events of the middle ages rise from the perusal without a +wish to visit the country from which issued in the tenth century the men +who conquered the fairest portion of Europe." But as, even in these +locomotive times, all cannot travel, but many are destined to be not +only home-keeping youths but "house-keeping men" also, all such have +reason to be grateful to pleasant intelligent travellers like Mr. Laing +for giving them the results of their travels in so pleasant a form; and +especially grateful to Messrs. Longman for giving it to them at a price +which places it within the reach of every one. + +_The Literature of the Rail; republished, by permission, from_ The Times +_of Saturday, August 9th, 1851, with a Preface_, has just been issued by +Mr. Murray, in the shape of a sixpenny pamphlet. This will be a +gratifying announcement to those who read and wished to preserve this +startling article on a subject which must come home to every thinking +mind,--to every one who has witnessed, as we have done, the worse than +worthless, the positively mischievous trash in the shape of literature +too often to be found on the bookstalls of railway stations. But there +is hope. The success which has attended the wholesome change effected on +the North-Western line is sure to lead to an extension of the better +system; and we are glad to see that the endeavours making by Messrs. +Longman to supply, by means of _The Traveller's Library_, the growing +want for _good and cheap_ books, are to be seconded by Mr. Murray, who +announces a Series under the title of _Literature for the Rail_, and the +opening number of which is to be _A Popular Account of Mr. Layard's +Discoveries at Nineveh, abridged by himself from the larger Work, and +illustrated by numerous Woodcuts_. + +We are glad to see that the Trustees of the British Museum have printed +a _List of the Autograph Letters, Original Charters, Great Seals, and +Manuscripts, exhibited to the Public in the Department of Manuscripts_. +The selection does great credit to the intelligent Keeper of the +Manuscripts; and the exhibition of these treasures will, we trust, do +something more than merely gratify the curiosity of the thousands of the +people who have visited them, namely, encourage their representatives in +Parliament to a more liberal vote for this important department of the +Museum. Valuable manuscripts are not always in the market; when they +are, the country should never lose them through a mistaken parsimony. + +Mr. Lumley, of Chancery Lane, has purchased from the Society of +Antiquaries the remaining stock of the _Vetusta Monumenta_, and proposes +to dispose of the various plates and papers separately, in the same +manner as he did those of the _Archaeologia_. This arrangement is one +well calculated to answer the purpose of collectors, and therefore we +desire to draw their attention to it. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell, on Tuesday and +Wednesday next, some very interesting Autograph Letters of the late John +Davies of Manchester, and of another Collector, comprising many Royal +Autographs; a series of interesting letters addressed to Elizabeth, +Queen of Bohemia; and some rare historical letters from the Southwell +and Blathwayte Papers. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue Number +27. of Books Old and New; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street) +Catalogue Part VI. for 1851 of Choice, Useful, and Curious Books; W. +Heath's (497. New Oxford Street) Catalogue No. 5. for 1851 of Valuable +Second-Hand Books; J. Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue Part 126. +No. 7. for 1851 of Old and New Books; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, +Westminster Road) Catalogue No. 72. of English and Foreign Second-hand +Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624. + +THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. +8vo. + +BOVILLUS DE ANIMAE IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to. + +KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I. + +THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol. III. Pickering. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +QUAESTOR, _who writes respecting Campbell's famous line:_ + + "Like angels' visits, few and far between," + +_is referred to our_ 1st Vol. p. 102. _for some illustrations of it._ + +J. B. (Lichfield). _His wishes shall be attended to. The notice did not +refer to his communications._ + +AN OLD BENGAL CIVILIAN. _The Query sent shall have insertion as soon as +we can possibly find room for it._ + +P. T. _Will this correspondent kindly favour us with a sight of his +proposed paper on Prince Madoc? Our only fear is as to its extent._ + +AN OLD CORRESPONDENT _is thanked_. _The articles he refers to would be +very acceptable._ + +TO CORRESPONDENTS.--_The Correspondents who wanted Herbert's_ Social +Statics _and_ Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. I., _are requested to send +their names to the publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Yet Forty Days--Erroneous Scripture +Quotations--Glass in Windows--Log Book--The Termination +"-ship"--Borough-English--Day of the Month--Passage in +Virgil--Suicides buried in Cross Roads--Ring Finger--Wray or +Ray--Bellman and his Songs--Three Estates of the Realm--Siege of +Londonderry--Broad Halfpenny Down--Ancient Egypt--John +Bodleigh--Horner Family, and many others which are in type._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price_ 9_s._ 6_d._ _each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is_ 10_s._ 2_d._ _for Six Months, which may be paid by +Post-office Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, +186. Fleet Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor +should be addressed._ + + + + +Just published, No. 12., Imperial 4to. price 2_s._ 6_d._, (continued +monthly), Details of Gothic Architecture, Measured and drawn from +existing examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. + + CONTENTS: + + E.E. Nave Piers and Arches, West Walton Church, Norfolk. + " Mouldings of ditto ditto. + " Details of Nave Piers, from ditto. + DEC. Window from Tiltey Church, Essex. + PER. Doorway from Great Bromley Church, Essex. + + London: DAVID BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + +Autograph Letters, the Collection of the late John Davies, Esq., of +Manchester. + + PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will sell + by Auction at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, + September 9, and following Day, the Collection of interesting + Autograph Letters of the late John Davies, Esq., comprising + letters of eminent Literary Men, Men of Science, Artists, Actors, + and Musicians, distinguished Americans, Royal Autographs, Henry + VII. and VIII., Edward VI., Oliver Cromwell, and several of the + Regicides, a series of interesting Letters addressed to Elizabeth, + Queen of Bohemia, some historical Letters from the Southwell and + Blathwayte Papers, handsome Scrap Books filled with Autographs, + &c. Catalogues will be sent on application; if in the country, on + receipt of four stamps. + + +Now ready, completely revised, in medium 8vo., pp. 650, price 30_s._ +strongly bound, + + The London Catalogue of Books, + WITH THEIR + SIZES, PRICE, AND PUBLISHERS' NAMES. + 1816-1851. + + The New Books of 1851 have been added, up to the time that each + sheet passed through the press; and the publisher recommends those + who purchase the "London Catalogue of Books, 1816-51," to preserve + it. Subsequent editions will not embrace so long a period of + years; and, as this Volume will not be reprinted, it will be well + to bear in mind that the only correct record of books published + some thirty-five years back, is to be found in the present + edition. + + London: THOMAS HODGSON, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster Row; + + And Sold by all Booksellers. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.-- + + Patron--His Royal Highness Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + + September, 1851. J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + +SLAVONIC LITERATURE. + + THE ECCLESIASTIC, of Sept. 1, Price 2_s._, No. LXIX., contains-- + + The Royal Supremacy since the Revolution. + Reports of the Government Inspectors for 1850-51. + Illustrations of the State of the Church during the Great + Rebellion, No. XIII. + Slavonic Literature. + Reviews and Notices. + + London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street & New Bond Street. + + +Now ready, Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected. +Dedicated by Special Permission to + + THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. + + PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected + by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music + arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, + including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments, + and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical + Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty, 4to., neat, in morocco + cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell + Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office + Order for that amount; and by order, of the principal Booksellers + and Music Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with + our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it + appears."--_Musical World._ + + "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of + Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto + appeared."--_John Bull._ + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + Also, lately published, + + J. B. SALES'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the + Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._ + + C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street. + + +ROLLIN'S KEY TO THE EXERCISES IN LEVIZAC'S FRENCH GRAMMAR. + + Just published, in 12mo. sheep, price 3_s._, + + CORRIGE: ou, Traduction Francaise des Themes Anglais contenus dans + la Nouvelle Edition de la Grammaire de M. De Levizac: accompagne + de quelques Remarques Grammaticales et Biographiques. Par M. G. + ROLLIN, B.A., Professeur de Langues Anciennes et Modernes, et du + College du Nord. + + London: WILLIAM TEGG & Co., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside. + + +Lately published, in 12mo. roan, price 5_s._, + + LEVIZAC'S GRAMMAR OF THE FRENCH TONGUE. New Edition, revised and + improved by M. ROLLIN, B.A. + + London: WILLIAM TEGG & Co., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside. + + +PROFIT AND DISCOUNT TABLES, + + In One Volume, just published, bound in roan, price 3_s._ 6_d._, + or 4_s._ free by post, + + SHOWING the Prices at which Articles must be Sold, to obtain a + Profit at a certain Per Centage upon their invoiced Cost. And + also, the Net Cost of Articles, when Discounts are allowed on the + invoiced Prices. Adapted for the assistance of Traders in their + Purchases, Sales, and taking Stock. The Calculations are upon + Prices from 1_d._ to 20_s._, and at the Rates for 1-1/2 per Cent. + to 75 per Cent. + + _The following Example will show the Application of the + Tables._--The invoiced Price of Silk is 2_s._ 4_d._ per yard, + which it is proposed to sell at 15 per Cent. profit. + + Refer to the page showing that rate of per centage, find the cost + price in the first column, and, by looking to the same line of the + second, the price to be asked is shown to be 2_s._ 8-1/4_d._ + + By CHARLES ODY ROOKS, ACCOUNTANT. + + London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside. + + +Post 8vo., price One Shilling. + + MR. SINGER'S "WORMWOOD;" embracing a restoration of the Author's + reply, mutilated in "NOTES AND QUERIES," No. 72.; with a Note on + the Monk of Bury; and a Reading of Shakespeare's Sonnet cxi., + "supplementary to the Commentators." By H. K. STAPLE CAUSTON. + + "Our northern neighbours think us almost as much deficient in + philological illustration as in enlarged philosophical criticism + on the Poet."--SINGER. + + "When you go a hunting, Sir Isaac, you kill all the game; you have + left us nothing to pursue."--BENTLEY. + + "He misses not much, No; he doth but mistake the truth + totally!"--SHAKSPEARE. + + London: HENRY KENT CAUSTON, Gracechurch Street. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 6. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 97, +September 6, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 6, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38433.txt or 38433.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/3/38433/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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