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diff --git a/38342.txt b/38342.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7f4807 --- /dev/null +++ b/38342.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3114 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Citt and Bumpkin (1680), by +Sir Roger L'Estrange and B. J. Rahn + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Citt and Bumpkin (1680) + +Author: Sir Roger L'Estrange + B. J. Rahn + +Release Date: December 19, 2011 [EBook #38342] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CITT AND BUMPKIN (1680) *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Hazel Batey, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + SIR ROGER L'ESTRANGE + + CITT AND BUMPKIN + (1680) + + _INTRODUCTION_ + BY + B. J. RAHN + + [Illustration] + + PUBLICATION NUMBER 117 + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + 1965 + + +GENERAL EDITORS + +Earl Miner, _University of California, Angeles_ + +Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + +Lawrence Clark Powell, _Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ + + +ADVISORY EDITORS + +Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ + +John Butt, _University of Edinburgh_ + +James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ + +Ralph Cohen, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + +Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + +Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ + +Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ + +Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ + +Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + +James Sutherland, _University College, London_ + +H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ + + +CORRESPONDING SECRETARY + +Edna C. Davis, _Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +According to discoveries made by Titus Oates in the autumn of 1678, +England was threatened by a Roman Catholic conspiracy headed by the Pope +and the King of France, whose objectives were: 1) to murder the King, 2) +to overthrow the government, and 3) to destroy the Protestant religion. +Although Oates was subsequently exposed as a charlatan, in 1678-81 a +panic held the nation in an iron grip, and belief in the Plot fostered +irrational and reprehensible excesses. The Popish Plot was not so much a +religious fraud as a political _cause celebre_, the significance of +which can be assessed only in the context of the republican movement of +the seventeenth century to redistribute power within the state. The +conflict which developed between Charles II and the Parliament during +the 1670's reflects the struggle for ascendance of two opposing theories +of government: absolute versus limited monarchy. Charles, supported by +the Tories and the Anglican clergy, was determined to maintain all the +hereditary privileges and powers of an English monarch, while the Whig +coalition in Parliament, led by the Earl of Shaftesbury, was intent upon +subordinating the power of the Crown to the will of Parliament. The +Opposition realized almost immediately that in the Popish Plot lay means +for furthering their schemes of political reform. Under the guise of +counteracting the Plot, they hoped to enact legislation to: 1) increase +parliamentary power, 2) limit the prerogatives of the King, 3) control +the succession, and 4) curtail the influence of the prelacy. Published +in 1680 when the Plot crisis was at its peak, _Citt and Bumpkin_ is one +of a series of pamphlets by Sir Roger L'Estrange written to support the +policies of Charles II and to defend the government from attacks by the +Whig Opposition. + +Since James, Duke of York, had given the Whigs every reason to believe +that he would oppose their policies vehemently after he came to the +throne, they decided to take advantage of the public resentment against +him as a Roman Catholic to try to pass a bill in Parliament to exclude +him from the succession. James had already been accused of conspiring +with the French King to overthrow Protestantism in England and institute +Roman Catholicism as the state religion. In addition to reiterating this +charge, the Whigs enlarged upon the awkwardness and danger bound to +arise in a Protestant nation with a Roman Catholic ruler. The question +of a Popish successor soon came to be the principal concern of +Parliament, and the battle over the Exclusion Bill dominated the +political scene in 1679-81. While the Exclusion crisis was at its +height, Charles II circumvented this plan to deprive the Duke of York of +his hereditary title by repeatedly proroguing and dissolving Parliament +so that the bill could not be brought to a final vote. This series of +adjournments began when Charles dissolved the Parliament soon after the +Exclusion Bill was first introduced in the spring of 1679. After a +bitterly fought election contest during the summer of 1679, the newly +constituted Parliament assembled in October only to be prorogued once +again until 26 January 1680. The Whigs were furious and began to fear +that the King had no intention of permitting the Parliament to meet even +in January. Powerless to act legally out of Parliament, the Whigs +realized that a long series of postponements would lead to the defeat of +all their carefully drafted legislative plans. To combat Charles' +delaying tactics, the Opposition hit upon the expedient of petitioning +him to allow Parliament to sit. By a strong demonstration of popular +will, they hoped to force the King to comply with their demands. + +Under the leadership of Shaftesbury and his followers in the Green +Ribbon Club, the Whigs achieved a degree of party organization and +efficiency in the autumn and winter of 1679-80 which remained unrivalled +during the seventeenth century.[1] While petitions were being printed in +London, the country was divided into districts; then petitions were +distributed to party agents everywhere who systematically canvassed for +signatures. In London, blank petitions were conveniently placed in +coffee houses and taverns; pens and inkstands appeared in the Strand and +at the Royal Exchange. Since these petitions were designed as +instruments to convey the will of the masses, emphasis was placed on +collecting large numbers of signatures with scant concern for the +political, economic, or social status of the subscribers. According to +the Tory historian Roger North, the people were warned by the promoters +of the petitions that, if the King were allowed to govern without a +Parliament, despotism would inevitably ensue, followed by a resurgence +of Popery.[2] Frightened, and in some cases confused by these formidable +predictions and threats, many people (especially in the country) +subscribed. After the canvassing had been completed, the petitions were +sent to London for presentation to the King. + +The petitions themselves were phrased inoffensively enough, stressing +the fact that the Popish Plot had created a state of national emergency +and requesting that Parliament be called to deal with this danger. The +first petition, _The Humble Address and Advice of several of the Peeres +of this Realm For the Sitting of the Parliament_, was presented to the +King at Whitehall on 7 December by ten Whig peers. Charles accepted the +petition and dismissed them. But he could not dismiss the rumors of +countless other petitions in preparation and the unavoidable disturbance +such an onslaught would produce. Since the petitions were not promoted +through official channels, and since there was evidence that they were +designed to create tumult for seditious ends, Charles denounced them as +illegal. Moreover, on 11 December the King issued a Royal Proclamation +forbidding seditious and tumultuous petitioning. The effects of the +Proclamation were twofold. The Tories, who objected to petitioning as a +popular movement carried on by men without substance or position, +received the Proclamation everywhere as an expression of the King's +disapproval, and cited it as an authority to discourage others from +promoting and subscribing to petitions. The Whigs, on the other hand, +protested that petitioning was the legal right of the subject and +resumed their petitioning activities with added vigor. + +In order to demonstrate his firm resolve not to be intimidated in the +exercise of his prerogative to call and dismiss Parliament, and in order +to rob the petitioning movement of its impetus by destroying its +immediate objective, Charles issued a second Proclamation on 11 December +proroguing Parliament from 26 January to 11 November 1680. Spurred on by +the realization that so long a recess would utterly ruin their hopes, +the Whigs directed considerable effort toward promoting an official +petition from the City of London.[3] Because of the power and prestige +of the City, the Whigs felt that such a petition would lend +encouragement to those being prepared in the country. Accordingly, they +arranged to present a petition from the City of London for a vote in the +Common Council on 20 January. The King deliberately attempted to +frustrate the London petition by purging the City Council of disaffected +members through enforcement of the Act for Regulating Corporations. This +Act disqualified all Dissenters, who usually held Whig principles. +Consequently, by the time the petition was brought to a vote, the Tories +had gained enough support to defeat the referendum by a small margin. +Although this ballot was won in effect only by the votes of the Court of +Aldermen, it was accounted a great victory for the Court Party and left +the Whigs sorely disappointed. + +The peak of petitioning activity occurred during the month of January, +and the atmosphere became increasingly more tense as the day approached +upon which Parliament was supposed to meet. The week following the +Common Council's rejection of the London petition was the most strained. +Petitions continued to appear daily, though the King received them with +marked disfavor and sharply rebuked the delegates who delivered them. +When Monday, 26 January, finally arrived, the air was charged with +excitement; everyone crowded to Westminster to see what would happen. +But Charles had no intention of capitulating. As soon as the Lords and +Commons were assembled, the King addressed them, reaffirming his +determination to prorogue them and implying that the recent petitions +had served only to strengthen his resolve. The Whigs complained bitterly +but offered no open resistance. Charles had won the day and emerged with +his prerogative untarnished but not unchallenged. Shortly after this +_coup_, a counter reaction to petitioning set in, and a wave of loyalty +gained momentum and found expression in the form of abhorrence addresses +which poured in from all over the kingdom condemning the practice of +petitioning and professing loyalty to King and Court. + +A fortnight after the prorogation of Parliament, just before the tide of +abhorrence addresses began to inundate the capital, on 10 February, +Narcissus Luttrell (indefatigable collector of Popish Plot ephemera) +recorded possession of the most important pamphlet written about +petitioning--Sir Roger L'Estrange's _Citt and Bumpkin_. Whether the date +which Luttrell gives represents the day of publication as well as the +day of purchase is a matter of conjecture, but his note does establish +the fact that the pamphlet was available to the public and in Luttrell's +hands by 10 February. Corroboration that the pamphlet was in circulation +before the end of February comes also from L'Estrange's bookseller Henry +Brome, who first advertised _Citt and Bumpkin_ for sale as already +published in a list of pamphlets dated 27 February. On 5 March in the +_Popish Courant_, a companion sheet to _The Weekly Pacquet of Advice +from Rome_, a violently anti-Papist newspaper in which L'Estrange was +frequently traduced, Henry Care condemned _Citt and Bumpkin_ in a list +of Catholic libels, "All publisht within little more than this +fortnight." Although less precise than Luttrell's note, the references +by Brome and Care help confirm the hypothesis that _Citt and Bumpkin_ +was published by mid-February. Further evidence which helps to define +the date of publication occurs within the text of the pamphlet itself. +On page 24, L'Estrange mentions Henry Care's _History of the Damnable +Popish Plot_ and says it appeared on 26 January. This date in turn is +verified by two advertisements for the work in Care's own journal--one +on 23 January announcing its impending release, and another on 30 +January commenting on its recent publication. Since _Citt and Bumpkin_ +obviously appeared after Care's tract was released and before Luttrell's +entry was made, it must have been published during the fortnight between +26 January and 10 February. + +_Citt and Bumpkin_ was not only the best written pamphlet on +petitioning, it was also the most ambitious in scope. Arranging his +material artfully, L'Estrange presented it with the wit and skill that +demonstrate unequivocably his mastery of the polemic medium. Unlike most +other party writers who confined their efforts to a few folio pages, +L'Estrange sustained his performance through 38 quarto leaves of +readable, entertaining prose. Moreover, his objectives and arguments +were much more comprehensive and sophisticated than those of the other +pamphleteers engaged in the controversy over petitioning. Most Tory +writers treated petitioning as an isolated issue and directed their +attack accordingly, failing to relate any of their arguments to each +other or to a larger scheme. Many authors attempted to defeat +petitioning by identifying the petitions of 1680 with those of the +1640's leading up to the Civil War. In addition, some insisted that +petitioning was illegal and defended the Proclamation against it, while +others tried to discredit the organizers and promoters of petitions as +disaffected persons motivated by hopes of preferment and profit. At the +same time, they launched a collateral attack upon those members of +Parliament who actively encouraged petitioning. There was even a general +indictment of Parliament as a whole, suggesting that it intended to +usurp the King's prerogatives and take sovereignty upon itself. But +there was no definite, direct statement that a plot led by the petition +managers was actually underway to subvert the government. In _Citt and +Bumpkin_ L'Estrange accused the republicans and Dissenters of actively +promoting a Protestant Plot more insidious than the Popish Plot but with +identical goals: 1) to kill the King, 2) to undermine the government, +and 3) to destroy the established Church of England. Throughout the +pamphlet, which is an _expose_ of this alleged conspiracy, L'Estrange +supplied a great deal of specific factual detail upholding his claims. +His objective was not merely to discredit petitioning, but to lessen +belief in the Popish Plot and to launch a counterattack against the +enemies of the Court. By indicating that petitioning was not an end in +itself but an integral part of a larger plan, L'Estrange managed to +censure petitioning _per se_, to increase its odium by linking it with +the greater disaster of rebellion and civil war, and yet to preserve a +sense of proportion by directing the brunt of his attack against the +Protestant Plot as a whole. + +Although it is cast in the form of an ironic dialogue, _Citt and +Bumpkin_ has much in common with a dramatic skit. L'Estrange sketches +the setting, develops the characterization, provides realistic +conversation, and builds dramatic tension to a climax (or turning point +in the action), which is followed by a falling off of tension or +_denouement_. As if to make the reading of parts easier, the speeches of +the characters are set in different type faces. L'Estrange even provides +stage directions and indicates action in the speeches of the characters. +Like many dramas, _Citt and Bumpkin_ begins _in medias res_ and draws +the reader immediately into the action. In a very natural fashion, the +subject of the conversation is defined and the scene is set within the +first four lines. The sense of setting is never destroyed, for +L'Estrange unobtrusively sustains it by occasional specific but natural +references to it in the course of the conversation. + +The dialogue between Citt and Bumpkin takes place during a casual +encounter in a tavern, where the two fall to discussing religion and +politics over a cup of ale. As their names suggest, Citt and Bumpkin +represent a sophisticated London citizen and a naive country bumpkin. +While they are not fully realized dramatic characters, neither are they +mere bloodless stick figures. During the course of their conversation, +they reveal information about their personalities, their social and +economic status, their political affiliations, their religious +sympathies, their moral values, and their occupations. One learns from +Citt that he is an ex-felon who is employed as a party agent by a +political organization plotting to overthrow the government and +undermine the Church of England. Motivated only by ambition and avarice, +Citt is a completely immoral man who openly endorses a policy of +expediency, and who condones any act--no matter how evil--because he +believes that the end always justifies the means. As befits a partner in +crime, Bumpkin is Citt's _Doppelgaenger_ in many ways. The essential +differences are those of experience and intelligence. Bumpkin is only +slightly less immoral and unscrupulous than Citt, but he is just as +hypocritical, lawless, and untruthful. As the two discuss how they +promoted petitions in the city and the country, Citt and Bumpkin admit +to all sorts of treacherous and Fraudulent practices. In addition, they +reveal the goals, the methods, the leaders, the strength, and the +immorality of the Protestant Plot. Ironically, they unintentionally +expose themselves and the Plot to the reader's censure; for, although +the characters seem to be oblivious to the immorality of their behavior, +the reader is not so insensitive. The reader contrasts their ethics and +conduct with ideal values, rejects their code as immoral, and carries +his judgment of the characters over into the real world to condemn the +petitioners as republican plotters. + +To reinforce this ironic self-indictment by Citt and Bumpkin, L'Estrange +introduces a third character, Trueman, who enters like a _deus ex +machina_ to represent the abstract forces of truth, justice, and +morality--albeit with a Tory bias. Because he functions as an abstract +symbol in contrast with Citt and Bumpkin, who are very much of this +world, Trueman has a personality uncomplicated by any psychological +subtleties or idiosyncrasies which would emphasize his humanity. The +entrance of Trueman may well be regarded as the climax of this little +drama, for the plot unfolds gradually and dramatic tension builds to the +point of his intrusion, when the course of action is interrupted and +diverted in another direction by his arguments. Taking up the topics +previously discussed by Citt and Bumpkin while he was concealed in a +nearby closet, Trueman confronts them with their confessed treachery, +denounces their chicanery and folly, and refutes their political views +with Tory arguments. The fact that Trueman symbolizes extrahuman moral +forces lends authority to his defense of absolute monarchy and the +established Church. + +Couched in an authentic colloquial style, the dialogue between Citt and +Bumpkin progresses in an entirely natural, credible manner. Their +conversation is animated, colorful, humorous, informative, and +purposeful. The direction of the conversation is logically dictated by +its substance; there is nothing artificial, contrived, or foreordained +about it. The interaction of personality is reflected in the verbal +exchange. As in a play, the development of the action depends upon each +character's immediate and genuine response to the statements made by the +other _dramatis personae_. Again, as in the theater, dramatic tension is +created as the plot unfolds and the reader waits to see what will happen +next. Except for one passage of extended quotation (pp. 32-33), the +dramatic realism is sustained effortlessly. + +Although _Citt and Bumpkin_ was the first of L'Estrange's Popish Plot +pamphlets written in dialogue, he was thoroughly familiar with the form +and had often employed it in his polemic skirmishes during the Civil +War. In fact, L'Estrange found the genre so congenial that he chose to +write his famous newspaper _The Observator_ (1681-87) in dialogue. This +literary device, employed by hack writers, controversialists, and +eminent _litterateurs_, was extremely popular in England between 1660 +and 1700 and was used to conspicuous advantage for discussing issues of +momentary importance as well as serious philosophical questions. +According to Eugene R. Purpus in his study of the "Dialogue in English +Literature, 1660-1725," few other literary forms had such universal and +continual appeal.[4] In an age when the drama was the reigning literary +fashion, the dialogue naturally enough had a concomitant vogue. Its +popularity is attested to by the large number of dialoguists as well as +by the bulk of their writing. As Purpus notes, party writers quickly +discovered that this genre was an excellent vehicle for presenting +highly controversial ideas and forceful arguments. + +During the Restoration, there were no rigid conventions governing the +genre, and any work passed as a dialogue which represented a +conversation between two or more persons or which was organized in a +question-and-answer manner.[5] Frequently, dialogues resembled an +interrogation or a catechism rather than natural discourse between real +human beings. Often writers of such artificial dialogues abandoned any +attempt at characterization or conversational verisimilitude, merely +substituting "Q." and "A." to indicate a series of queries and +responses. Sometimes authors identified the speakers with proper names +but made no effort at actual characterization. Concern for dramatic +realism varied from writer to writer; and all too often, improbable +puppet-like creatures were represented in illogical, unbelievable, and +contrived conversations. The artistic integrity of a successful +dialogue, however, lies in the dramatic exchange of differing points of +view or the interplay of opposing arguments in realistic conversation +between credible characters with clearly differentiated personalities. + +The stilted, artificial quality of some dialogues is in part +attributable to the fact that many writers turned to the genre as a +facile means of expressing a particular point of view.[6] As Purpus +observes, the inherent dramatic quality of the form is lost if: 1) the +writer substitutes invective, prejudice, and railing for realistic +conversation, and/or 2) the author obviously contrives the dialogue +merely to reflect his particular bias on a given question. On the other +hand, although some writers used the form as a convenient frame on which +to display their opinions, other writers erred by including too much +dramatic machinery. Dialogues of this sort almost became short dramas. + +No matter what the content or objective purpose of dialogues, however, +they were uniformly written in what became known after the Restoration +as the "plain, easy, and familiar" style.[7] Sentences were more +conveniently broken up than heretofore, and there was increased +lightness of tone. Though there was still a great deal of invective, +Hugh Macdonald notes in "Banter in English Controversial Prose after the +Restoration," that banter became prominent in the literature of +disputation after 1660. On the other hand, "No one would expect to find +a clear-cut division between banter, satire, sarcasm, burlesque, and +abuse in every passage of a book written in the seventeenth century."[8] +As Mr. Macdonald states, it is largely a question of emphasis. Employing +a great deal of banter, Marvell reintroduced a tradition forgotten since +the Marprelate tracts--that of treating a grave subject lightly yet with +serious intention of reinforcing the argument. Restoration polemicists, +with L'Estrange in the vanguard, quickly realized the advantages of this +technique and claimed it as their own. + +_Citt and Bumpkin_ survives close scrutiny according to the critical +criteria for evaluating dialogues suggested by Purpus and Macdonald. +Although L'Estrange does use the genre for a specific controversial end, +he does not lapse into a barren question-and-answer type of organization +nor into that of an artificial didactic catechism. While he sketches a +setting, develops characterization, and creates believable conversation, +L'Estrange does not err in the direction of over-dramatization either. +He provides all the requisite machinery to support the dramatic realism +necessary in a successful dialogue, but he goes no further. Throughout +_Citt and Bumpkin_, L'Estrange maintains the appropriate "plain, easy +and familiar" style. The sentence structure is simple, and clauses are +well punctuated. Abounding with colloquial expressions, contractions, +and slang, the vocabulary is common and especially suited to the low +characters. A bantering tone predominates, accompanied by passages +employing irony, satire, and invective. There is not enough invective, +however, to destroy the mood. If L'Estrange's Tory bias is perfectly +evident, it is not aggressive enough to prevent the accomplishment of +his polemic objectives. Although the republican political theories of +the Whigs are attacked satirically in the first part of _Citt and +Bumpkin_, they are stated and refuted in proper controversial style in +the final pages of the pamphlet. On the whole, _Citt and Bumpkin_ +conforms to the conventions of a successful dialogue; where it does +not, the infringements are not great enough to destroy its artistic +integrity. + +_Citt and Bumpkin's_ popularity was indisputable. Of all the pamphlets +about petitioning, it was by far the most widely read. It went into four +editions by June 1680 and a fifth in 1681. Although there were no +substantive changes in the various editions, the type was reset each +time, so implying a continuing demand for the pamphlet. Indeed, the +contemporary response was so overwhelming that within six weeks +L'Estrange wrote a sequel entitled, _Citt and Bumpkin, The Second Part; +Or, A Learned Discourse upon Swearing and Lying_. In addition, there +were many references in the Whig press denigrating L'Estrange and his +pamphlet; derogatory remarks appeared in newspapers, ballads, and poems. +In particular, three pamphlets were issued, replying directly to _Citt +and Bumpkin_ and attacking L'Estrange personally. The first and most +considerable of these rejoinders appeared on 16 March, a month after the +publication of _Citt and Bumpkin_, when its effect was being fully +realized and the need felt to combat it. + +_A Dialogue Between Tom and Dick Over a Dish of Coffee Concerning +Matters of Religion and Government_, issued also as _Crack-fart and +Tony; Or, Knave and Fool_,[9] is a parody following closely the format +and arguments of _Citt and Bumpkin_. Having appropriated the framework +employed by L'Estrange, the author of _Tom and Dick_ adjusted it by a +series of simple substitutions from an attack on the Protestant Plot, +Dissenters, Schism, and republicans, to an assault on the Popish Plot, +Papists, Roman Catholicism, and loyalists. The parallels in setting and +characterization are established immediately, when Tom and Dick meet in +a coffee house and agree to hold a conversation in which Tom will speak, +write, invent, and hold forth as Citt had done, while Dick will hear, +believe, and speak in his turn (but to little purpose) like Bumpkin. The +parody breaks down, however, when one compares Trueman with Goodman, who +endorses Trueman's arguments rather than misrepresenting or opposing +them. Nor does Goodman observe Trueman's scrupulous care in replying to +all the issues raised by the other two characters. Throughout the +dialogue, the author manages to maintain dramatic realism and to sustain +a mock-serious tone in the absurd-but-credible verbal exchange between +his two buffoons. + +The second rebuttal was released three months later on 14 June. Signed +E. P. (possibly Edward Phillips), _The Dialogue Betwixt Cit and Bumpkin +Answered_ replies not only to _Citt and Bumpkin_, but reflects upon +several other polemic tracts by L'Estrange, and attacks him _ad hominem_ +from beginning to end. A long prefatory letter discussing the powers and +privileges of city corporations and the faults of L'Estrange's _Popery +in Masquerade_ precedes the dialogue, which preserves the same general +format and style of its target. The roles of the characters are only +roughly analogous, however, and the development of the argument is +retarded and obscured by the abuse of L'Estrange. All too often, the +argument is neither pertinent nor incisive. Unfortunately, E. P. lacks +all the vitality, wit, and imagination of his polemic adversary. +Incensed by E. P.'s scurrility, L'Estrange replied within three days to +all of his charges in _A Short Answer to a Whole Litter of Libels_. + +Although it does not appear in Luttrell's _Popish Plot Catalogues_, the +third reply to _Citt and Bumpkin_, _Crack upon Crack: Or, Crack-Fart +Whipt with his own Rod, by Citt and Bumpkin_, can be dated approximately +upon the basis of internal evidence. References to L'Estrange's flight +to escape a sham plot against him in October, 1680, imply a late autumn +publication date. Purporting to answer both parts of _Citt and Bumpkin_, +this pamphlet does not deal with any of the arguments raised in either +work. The author abandons any attempt at parody, and instead borrows +details of setting from the popular _Letter from Legorn_ pamphlets which +appeared that year. The characters pursue the absconded Trueman (_i.e._, +L'Estrange) aboard a Mahometan (_i.e._, Papist) ship and lure him ashore +in order to seek revenge for their recent humiliation at his hands. The +dialogue contains four pages of unimaginative abuse of Trueman which +culminates in his drubbing by Citt and Bumpkin. Largely scatological, +this uninspired attack upon L'Estrange does not strike a single telling +blow against _Citt and Bumpkin_. + +In fact, _Citt and Bumpkin_ enjoyed unqualified success despite the best +efforts of its various detractors. And its popularity was well deserved. +Appearing just when the unrest over petitioning was at its height, _Citt +and Bumpkin_ captured the interest and imagination of the public with +its cogent argument and witty satire. + + +NOTES + + +1: J. R. Jones, _The First Whigs_ (London, 1961), p. 117; Roger North, +_Examen, or an Enquiry into the Credit and Veracity of a Pretended +Complete History_ (London, 1740), p. 542. + +2: North, p. 542. + +3: Jones, pp. 119-20. + +4: Eugene R. Purpus, "The Dialogue in English Literature, 1660-1725," +_ELH_, XVII (1950), II. 58. + +5: The information on the dialogue in this paragraph is taken from +Purpus, pp. 48-49. + +6: Purpus, pp. 50-52. + +7: Purpus, p. 48; Hugh Macdonald, "Banter in English Controversial Prose +after the Restoration," _Essays and Studies by Members of the English +Association_, XXXII (1946), 21-22. + +8: Macdonald, p. 23. + +9: One of L'Estrange's opponents nicknamed him the "Crack-fart of the +Nation" and the epithet stuck to him for years. + + +=Text= + + The text of _Citt and Bumpkin_ + here reprinted is the copy in + the William Andrews Clark + Memorial Library. + + + + + CITT + + AND + + BUMPKIN. + + IN A + + DIALOGUE + + OVER + + A Pot of Ale, + + CONCERNING + + MATTERS + + OF + + RELIGION + + AND + + GOVERNMENT. + + _LONDON_, + + Printed for _Henry Brome_ at the Gun in S. _Pauls_ + Church-yard, 1680. + + + + +_Citt_ and _Bumkin_, + +In a DIALOGUE, _&c._ + + +_Citt._ So that you would know, _First_, how we _manag'd_ the +_Petition_; and _Secondly_, how it came to _miscarry_. + +Bum. _Those are the two Points_, Citt, _but first take off your_ Pot, +_and then tell your_ Story; _you shall have mine afterward_. + + Committees to promote the Petitions. + +_Citt._ There was no way, you must know, to carry the business clear, +without getting a _Vote_ of _Common-Council_ for the _Petition_; and so +making it an Act of the _City_: And in order to this End, we planted our +_Committees_ every where up and down, from _Algate_ to _Temple-barr_, at +convenient distances; some few of them in _Taverns_ but most at +_Coffee-houses_; as less liable to suspition. Now we did not call these +_Meetings_, _Committees_, but _Clubs_; and _there_ we had all Freedom +both for _Privacy_ and _Debate_: while the _Borough_ of _Southwark_, +_Westminster_, and the _Suburbs_, proceeded according to our Method. + +Bum. _And what were these_ Committees _now to do_? + + Their Powers and Instructions. + +_Citt._ Their _Commission_ was to procure _Subscriptions_, to justify +the Right of _Petitioning_, and to gain _Intelligence_: And then every +_Committee_ had one man at least in it that wrote _short-hand_. + +Bum. _Well, and what was he to do?_ + +_Citt._ It was his part to go smoking up and down from One Company to +another, to see who was _for_ us, and who _against_ us: and to take +Notes of what people said of the _Plot_, or of the _Kings Witnesses_, or +against this way of _Petitioning_. + +Bum. _But how came those Committees (as ye call 'um) by their_ +Commissions? + + Two Grand Committees. + +_Citt._ For that, let me tell you, we had _two Grand Committees_, that +adjourn'd from place to place, as they saw occasion: But they met most +commonly at _Two Coffee-houses_; the _One_ near _Guild-Hall_, the +_Other_ in the _Strand_; for you must take notice that we went on, hand +in hand with our _Neighbours_ in the _Main Design_. + +Bum. _But you do not tell me yet who set up the_ Other Committees. + + The Office of the Grand Committees. + +_Citt._ These two _Grand Committees_, I tell you, nominated and +appointed the _Sub-Committees_, gave them their _Orders_, and received +their _Reports_: It was their Office moreover to digest _Discoveries_, +and _Informations_; to instruct _Articles_, improve _Accusations_, +manage _Controversies_, defray the charge of _Intelligencers_, and +_Gatherers of hands_, to dispose of _Collections_; to influence the +_Anglicus_'s and _Domesticks_, and fortify those that were weak in the +Faith; to furnish matter sometimes for _Narratives_.---- + +Bum. _What dost thou mean by_ Narratives, Citt? + +_Citt._ They are only _Strange Storys_; as that of the _Dragon_ in +_Essex_; _Earth-quakes_, _Sights in the Air_, _Prodigies_, and the like. + +Bum. _One would think it should not be worth their while, to busy their +heads about such Fooleries as these._ + + Stories of Prodigies startle the Common People. + +_Citt._ Now this is thy simplicity _Bumpkin_, for there is not any thing +that moves the hearts of the People so effectually toward _the Work of +the Lord_, especially when the _Narrative_ carries some _Historical +Remarque_ in the Tayl of it: As for the purpose, _this or that happen'd +in such a Kings Reign, and soon after such and such troubles befell the +Church and State_: such a _Civil War_, such or such a _Persecution_, or +_Invasion_ follow'd upon it. When the People perceive once that the Lord +hath declared himself against the Nation, in these tokens of his +Displeasure, the Multitude seldom fail of helping the Judgment forward. + +Bum. _I don't know what ye call your_ Committees, _but Our Gentry had +their_ Meetings _too; and there was a great Lord or two among 'um that +shall be Nameless_. + +_Citt._ We could shew you _othergates Lords_ among _Us_, I'le assure +you, then any you have; but let that passe. + +Bum. _You told me that your_ Committees _were to procure_ Subscriptions; +_we were hard put to't, I'm sure, in the_ Country _to get_ Hands. + + The way of getting hands in and about _London_. + +_Citt._ And so were we in the City _Bumpkin_; and if it had not been to +advance the _Protestant Interest_, I'de have been torn to pieces by wild +Horses, before I'de have done what I did. But _extraordinary Cases_ must +have _extraordinary allowances_. There was hardly a _Register_ about the +Town that scap'd us for _Names_: _Bedlam_, _Bridewell_, all the +_Parish-books_, nay the very _Goals_, and _Hospitalls_; we had our +_Agents_ at all _Publick Meetings_, _Court_, _Church_, _Change_, all the +_Schools_ up and down; _Masters_ underwrit for their _Children_, and +_Servants_, _Women_ for their _Husbands_ in the _West-Indies_, nay we +prevail'd upon some _Parsons_, to engage for their whole +_Congregations_; we took in _Jack Straw_, _Wat Tyler_, and the whole +Legend of _Poor Robins Saints_ into our List of _Petitioners_; and the +_same Names_ serv'd us in four or five _several places_. And where's the +hurt of all this now? So long as the Cause it self is Righteous. + + Several ways of getting Hands in the Country. + +Bum. _Nay, the thing was well enough_ Citt, _if we could but have gone +through with it: And you shall see now that we were put to our shifts in +the_ Country, _as well as you in the_ City. _I was employ'd you must +know, to get_ Names _at_ four shillings a Hundred, _and I had all my_ +Real Subscriptions _written at such a distance, one from another, that I +could easily clap in a Name or two betwixt 'um; and then I got as many_ +School-boys _as I could, to underwrite after the same manner, and after +this, fill'd up all those spaces with_ Names _that I either_ Remember'd, +_or_ Invented _my self, or could get out of two or three_ +Christning-books. _There are a World (ye know) of_ Smiths, Browns, +Clarks, Walkers, Woods, _so that I furnish'd my Catalogue with a matter +of Fifty a piece of these_ Sir-names_, which I_ Christen'd _my self. And +besides, we had all the_ Non-conformist Ministers _in the_ Country _for +us, and they brought in a power of hands_. + + The Protestant Dissenters great Promoters of the Petition. + +_Citt._ What do you talk of _your Non-conformists_? They do but work +_Journey-work_ to _Ours_. We have the _Heads_ of all the _Protestant +Dissenters_ in the _Nation_ here in this Town, why, we have more +_Religions_, _Bumpkin_, in _this City_, then you have _People_ in your +whole _Country_. + +Bum. _Ay, and 'tis a great blessing too, that when_ Professors _are at +so mighty Variance among_ themselves_, there should be so wonderfull an_ +Agreement _in the_ Common Cause. + +_Citt._ And that's notably observ'd, _Bumkin_; for so we found it here. +The _Presbyterian_ got hands of _His Party_; the _Independent_ of _His_; +the _Baptist_ of _His_; the _Fifth-Monarchy_ man of _His_; and so +throughout all our Divisions: and we had still the most zealous man in +His way, to gather the _Subscriptions_: And when they had completed +their _Roll_, they discharg'd themselves as Naturally into the _Grand +Committee_, as _Rivers_ into the _Sea_. And then we were sure of all the +_Republicans_. + +Bum. _But after all this_ Care _and_ Industry_, how was it possible for +the business to_ Miscarry? + +_Citt._ Why I know 'tis laid in our dish, that when we had set the whole +Kingdome agogg upon _Petitioning_, our hearts would not serve us to go +through stitch, and so we drew our own necks out of the Collar, and left +the Countries in the Lurch. + +Bum. _Nay that's the Truth on't,_ Citt_; We stood all gaping for_ London +_to lead the way_. + +_Citt._ The great work that we look't upon was the gaining of a +_well-affected Common-Council_; which we secur'd upon the _Election_, +with all the skill, and watchfullness imaginable. + +Bum. _And that was a huge point_ Citt; _but how were ye able to compasse +it_? + + Tricks to defeat Elections. + +_Citt._ Why we had no more to do, then to mark those that we knew were +not for our turns, either as _Courtiers_, or _Loose-livers_, or +_half-Protestants_, and their business was done. + +Bum. _We went the same way to work too in the_ Country_, at all our_ +Elections; _for it is a Lawfull Policy, you know, to lessen the +Reputation of an Enemy_. + +_Citt._ Nay we went further still; and set a _Report_ a foot upon the +_Exchange_, and all the _Coffee-houses_ and _Publique Houses_ +thereabouts, which held from _Change-time_, till the very _Rising_ of +the _Common-Councill_, when the _Petition_ was _laid aside_; that past +so currant, that no mortall doubted the Truth on't. + +Bum. _But you ha' not told me what that_ Report _was yet_. + +_Citt._ It was this, _that the King had sent a Message to the City to +let them understand that he took notice how much they stood affected to +the_ Petition; _that he expected they would proceed upon it; and that +his Majesty was ready to give them_ a gracious Answer. + +Bum. _But was this fair dealing, Brother?_ + +_Citt._ Did not _Abraham_ say of _Sarah, She's my Sister_? + +Bum. _Well thou'rt a heavenly man_, Citt! _but come to the Miscarriage +it self_. + + The Petition laid aside in the _Common-Council_. + +_Citt._ After as Hopefull a _Choice_ as ever was made, we procur'd a +_Common-Councill_: where the _Petition_ was put to the _Vote_, and it +was carry'd in the _Commons_ by _two Voyces_, for the presenting it, and +by _Fourteen_, or _Fifteen Votes_ in the _Court of Aldermen_, on the +_Negative_. + +Bum. _So that_ your Damn'd Aldermen_, and_ our Damn'd Justices, _have +ruin'd us both in_ City _and_ Country. + +_Citt._ Hang'um, they are most of them _Church-Papists_; but we should +have dealt well enough with _them_, if it had not been for that +confounded _Act_ for _Regulating Corporations_. + +Bum. _Prethee let me understand that, for I know nothing on't._ + + The Act for Corporations brake the neck on't. + +_Citt._ Take notice then that this Devillish Statute has provided, that +_no man shall serve as a_ Common-Councell man, _but upon condition of +taking three_ Oaths, _and subscribing_ one Declaration, _therein +mention'd; and having taken the_ Sacrament _of the_ Lords Supper, +_according to the Rites of the Church of_ England, _within one year next +before his Election_. Now it so fell out, that what with this _Act_, and +a _Court-Letter_ for putting it in _Execution_, a matter of _thirty_ of +our _Friends_ were put _by_, as not duly qualify'd; And upon this Pinch +we lost it. Nay let me tell ye as a friend, there were at least _twenty_ +or _thirty_ of the rest too, that would hardly have past Muster. + +Bum. _But is this certain?_ + +_Citt._ Why I am now in my Element, _Bumkin_; for thou know'st my +Education has been toward the Law. + +Bum. _This was a Plaguy jobb_, Citt, _but we must look better to our +Hitts next bout_. + +_Citt._ Nay my life for thine we'll have another touch for't yet. But +tell me in short; how came you off with your _Petition_ in the +_Country_? + +Bum. _It went on for a good while prettily well at the_ +Quarter-Sessions; _till at last one_ Cross-grain'd Curr _there upon the_ +Bench _claw'd us all away to the Devill, and got an Order of Court +against it, while you would say what's this_. + +_Citt._ But what did he say? + + The Petition baffled in the Country. + +Bum. _Oh there was a great deal of stuff on't; the_ King, _and the_ +Judges _(he said) had declared it to be_ Seditious, _and so they were to +take it. That they sat there to_ keep _the_ Kings Peace, _not to +countenance the_ Breaking _of it; and then (says he) these fellows don't +know what they would have_. One _Petitions for_ Chalk, _and_ Another +_for_ Cheese; _the Petition was at first_ for the meeting of the +Parliament; _and then they came to Twit the King with his_ +Coronation-Oath, _and then_, Delinquents _must be brought to_ +Punishment; _and then the_ Parliament _was to Sit as_ long _as_ they +pleas'd, _and at_ last, _every man must be_ mark'd _for a_ Common Enemy +_that would not_ Subscribe _it. So that first they would have the_ +Parliament Sit; _and then they'd cut 'um out their work; and in fine, it +was little other then a_ Petition _against_ those _that would_ not +Petition. _He said there were Ill practices in the getting of hands, and +so they threw out the_ Petition, _and order'd an_ Enquiry _into the_ +Abuses. + +_Citt._ Well, there's no remedy but Patience. + +Bum. _I had need of Patience I'm sure, for they're Examining the Hands +allready, as hard as they can drive; You'l see me in the_ Gazette next +Thursday, _as sure as a Gun_. + +_Citt._ Why then we must play the _Domestique_ against _him, next +Fryday_. + +Bum. _Nay, I'm sure to be trounc'd for't to some tune, if I be_ taken. + +_Citt._ Pre'thee what art affraid of? There's no _Treason_ in getting +hands to a _Petition_ man. + +Bum. _No, that's true; but I have put in such a Lurry of_ Dog-Rogues; +_they cry_ they're defam'd, _with a Pox_, they'le have their remedy; +_and they make such a Bawling_. + +_Citt._ Come, come, set thy heart at rest: and know that in this City +th'art in the very Sanctuary of the _Well-affected_. But 'tis good +however to prepare for the _worst_, and the _best_ (as they say) _will +help its self_. But art thou really afraid of being _taken_? + +Bum. _And so would you be too, if you were in my condition, without a_ +penny, _or a_ friend _in the world to help ye_. + + The blessing of having neither friends nor Mony. + +_Citt._ Thou art two great Owls, _Bumkin_, in a very few words. _First_, +thou hast _great friends_ and do'st not _know on't_, and _Secondly_ thou +do'st not understand the _Blessing_, of having neither _Friends_, nor +_Money_. In one word, I'll see thee provided for; and in the mean time, +give me thy answer to a few questions. + +I make no doubt but they that put thee into this _Trust_, and +_Employment_ of helping on the _Petition_, are men of _Estate_, and men +_well-inclin'd_ to the _Publique Cause_. + + Methods of _Popularity._ + +Bum. _O, their_ Landlords _and_ Masters _are men of huge Estates; but +'tis the_ Tenants, _and the_ Stewards _that I have to do withall. But +then (do you mark me) those people are all in all with their Masters._ + +_Citt._ I suppose you may be known to the _Landlords_ and _Masters +themselves_ too. Do they ever take any notice of you? + +Bum. _Yes, yes; I go often to their Houses man, and they speak mighty +kindly to me; and there's nothing but_ Honest Obadiah, _and_ Good +Obadiah _at every turn; and then the Men take me into the Kitchin, or +into the Cellar, or so. And let me tell you_ Citt, _if it had not been +for them once, I had been plaguyly paid off in the_ Spirituall Court +_upon a certain Occasion_. + +_Citt._ That's a very good sign of _Affection_ to the _Cause_, as I told +thee: and it would be never the worse if they were under a Cloud at +_Court_; for _an Honest Revenge_, ye know _goes a great way with a +tender Conscience_. + +Bum. _I have hear'd some Inkling that way, but we'le scatter no words._ + +_Citt._ They never speak any thing to you in private, do they? As of +_Grievances_, (I mean) _Religion, the Liberty of the Subject_, and such +like? + +Bum. _No, no, but they talk as other people do, of the_ Plot, _and the_ +Jesuits, _and_ Popery, _and the_ French King, _and so_. + +_Citt._ And what is the reason now, do ye think, that you are not +receiv'd into their _Bed-Chambers_, their _Closets_, into their _Arms_, +and into their very _Hearts_, as well as some other people as we know? + +Bum. _Alas! what should they do with me? I'm not a man fit to keep them +Company._ + + A Golden Sentence. + +_Citt._ Why then _Honest Bumpkin_, here's a Golden Sentence for thee; +_Be Taken, Sifted, Imprison'd, Pillory'd_, and stand true to thy +_Principles_, and th'art company for the best _Lord_ in _Christendom_. +They'l never dare to trust thee till th' art _Jayl_ and _Pillory-proof_; +and the bringing of _thee into_ a Jayl would be a greater kindness, then +the fetching of _Another man Out_. + +Bum. _Prethee Cit, tell me one thing by the way, hast thou ever made +Tryal of this Experiment thy self?_ + + A Jayl is the High-way to Preferment. + +_Citt._ To tell thee as a friend, I have try'd it, and I'm the best part +of a thousand pound the better for't. 'Tis certainly the high way to +preferment. + +Bum. _And yet for all this_, Citt, _I have no minde in the World to be_ +taken. + +_Citt._ And that's because th' art an arrant buzzard; the Lord deliver +me from a fellow that has neither _Mony_, nor _Friends_, and yet's +afraid of being _Taken_. Why 'tis the very making of many a mans Fortune +to be _Taken_. How many men are there that give mony to be Taken, and +make a _Trade_ on't; _Nay_ happy is the man that can but get any body to +_Take_ him. Why I tell ye, there are people that will _quarrel_ for't, +and make _Friends_ to be _Taken_. 'Tis a common thing in _Paris_, for a +man in _One six Months_, to start out of a _Friendless_, and _Monyless_ +condition, into an Equipage of _Lacquays_ and _Coaches_; and all this by +nicking the blessed Opportunities of being _discreetly Taken_. + +Bum. _I have heard indeed of a man that set fire to_ one Old House, _and +got as much Mony by a_ Brief _for't, as built him_ two New ones. + +_Citt._ Have not I my self heard it cast in a fellows Teeth, _I was the +making of you_, Sirrah, _though y' are so high now a body must not speak +to you: You had never been_ Taken _and_ clapt up, Sirrah, _but for me_. + +Bum. _Father! what Simpletons we_ Country-folks _are to you_ Citizens! + +_Citt._ Now put the case _Bumpkin_, that you were _Taken, Examin'd_ and +_Committed_, provided you _stand to your Tackle_, y'are a Made man +already; but if you _shrink in the wetting_, y'are lost. + +Bum. _Pray'e what do you mean by_ standing to my Tackle? + +_Citt._ You must be sure to keep your self upon a Guard, when y'are +before the _Justice_; and not to be either _wheedled_, or _frighten'd_ +into any _Discovery_; for they'le be trying a thousand Tricks with you. + +Bum. _But may I deny any thing that's charg'd upon me, point-blank, if I +be guilty of it?_ + + A Salvo for a Lye. + +_Citt._ Yes, in the case of _self-preservation_, you may; but you must +be sure then that no body can _disprove_ you; for if it be _known_, 'tis +a _Scandall_, and no longer _Lawfull_: Your best way will be not to +answer any Questions against your self. + +Bum. _But now you have brought me into a_ Goal, _you would do well to +tell me how I shall get out again_. + + The Benefits of a Prison. + +_Citt._ Why before you turn your self thrice in your _Kennell_, (if +_Baylable_) Y'are out again, upon a _Habeas Corpus_: But in the +mean time, the Town rings of your _Commitment_, the _Cause_ of it, and +how bravely you carry'd it upon your _Examination_; all which shall be +Reported to your Advantage; and by this time, y'are Celebrated for the +_Peoples Martyr_. And now come in the _Bottles_, the _Cold-Pies_, and +the _Guynnies_: But you must lay your finger upon your Mouth, and keep +all as close as if the _Fayries_ had brought it. + +Bum. _Pre'thee_, Citt, _wert thou ever bound_ Prentice _to a_ Statesman? + +_Citt._ No, not altogether so neither; but I serv'd a Convenient time in +two of his Majesties Houses; and there I learnt _My Politiques_; that is +to say, in _Newgate_, and the _Gate-house; Two schools_ (says one) _that +send more wise men into the World, then the_ four Inns of Court. Now let +your suffering be what it will, the _Merit_ of it will be rated +according to the _Difficulty_ and _hazzard_ of the _Encounter_: For +there's a great difference betwixt the Venture of a _Pillory_, and of a +_Gibbet_. But in what case soever; if you stand fast, and keep your +Tongue in your head, you shall want neither _Mony_, nor _Law_; nor +_Countenance_, nor _Friends_ in the _Court_, nor _Friends_ in the +_Jury_. + +Bum. _Hold, hold_, Citt; _what if all my great Friends should deceive me +at last_? + +_Citt._ They'le never dare to do that, for fear you should deceive +_them_. I have found the Experiment of it my self, and every _Term_ +yields us fresh Instances of _people that make their Fortunes in a +trice, by a generous contempt of Principalities, and Powers_. + +Bum. _Thou'rt a brave fellow_ Citt; _but pre'thee what may thy +Employment be at present, if a body may ask thee_? + + The Secretary to a Grand Committee. + +_Citt._ _I_ am at this present, _Bumpkin, under the Rose, a +Secretary-Extraordinary_ to one of the _Grand Committees_ I told thee +of; and my business is to draw up _Impeachments, Informations, +Articles_; to lick over now and then a _Narrative_; and to deal with the +_Mercuries_ to publish nothing against the Interest of that Party: and +_in fine_, there's hardly any thing stirs, but I have a finger in't. +Mine is a business I can tell you, that brings in _Money_. + +Bum. _I make no doubt on't_ Citt: _But could ye put me in a way to get a +little money too_? + +_Citt._ We'l talk of that presently. You may think perhaps now the +_City-Petition's_ blown off, that our _Committee_ will have nothing to +do. But, I do assure you, businesse comes in so fast, upon us, that I +shall never be able to go through it without an _Assistant_; and if I +find you fit for't, you shall be the man.--Nay hold, let Me speak, +First; do you continue the use of your _Short-hand_? + +Bum. _Yes, I do; and I have mended my_ Bastard-Secretary _very much +since you saw it_. + +_Citt._ Will you be _Just_, _Diligent_, and _Secret_? + +Bum. _I'le give you what security you'le ask, for my_ Truth _and_ +Diligence; _and for my_ Secrecy, I could almost forget to _speak_. + +_Citt._ That Figure pleases me; but I must shrift you further. How +stands your appetite to _Wine_ and _Women_? + +Bum. _Why truly at the rate of_ other flesh and blood. + +_Citt._ 'Tis not to barr ye neither; but what Liberties ye take, let +them be _Private_; and either to advance the _Common-cause_, or at +_spare hours_. + +Bum. _You cannot ask or wish more then I'le do._ + +_Citt._ Only a word or two more, and then I'le let you into my affairs. +What course did you propound to your self, in case your _Petition_ had +succeeded? I ask this, because you seem so much troubl'd at the +Disappointment. + + Other Petitions upon the Anvill. + +Bum. _Why if this_ Petition _had gone_ on, _and the_ Parliament _had_ +met, _I was promis'd four or five_ Petitions _more; One against_ Danby, +_and the Lords in the_ Tower, _another_ for the Sitting of this +Parliament, till they had gone through all they had to do; _a_ Third, +_for taking away the_ Bishops Votes, _a_ Fourth _for the Remove of_ +Evill Counsellours; _and a_ Fifth _for putting the_ Militia _into_ Safe +hands. + +_Citt._ These points you must know, have been a long time upon the +Anvill; and our Friends have Instructions all over the Kingdom, to +proceed upon them to shew the Miraculous _Union_ of the Nation. But do +you think because the _First Petition_ has receiv'd a _checque_, and the +_Parliament_ is _Prorogu'd_, that therefore _the other Petitions must +fall to the ground_? + +Bum. _I cannot well see how it should be otherwise._ + +_Citt._ Why then let me tell you, _Bumpkin_, We'l bring the whole +business about again, and carry it on, in spite of Fate: for we have +better _heads_ at work perhaps then you are aware of. + +Bum. _Ay, but what_ Hands _have we_ Citt? _for it will come to that at +last_. + +_Citt._ Those _Heads_ will find _Hands_, never trouble your self, if +there should be occasion; but 'tis too early-days for that sport yet. +'Twas an unlucky thing however to be so surpriz'd; For our Friends did +no more dream of the _Sacrament_, then of their _Dying day_. + +Bum. _Well there's no recalling of what's past: But the Question is how +we shall avoid it for the time to come._ + +_Citt._ Nay _Bumpkin_, there's a Trick worth two of _avoiding_ it, we'l +_Take_ it next bout, and then we're safe; we'l carry it; I'le undertake +by _fifty Voices_. + +Bum. _But cannot the_ Aldermen _hinder you from putting it to the Vote_? + + A Designe upon the Common-Council. + +_Citt._ 'Tis the custom of the City I confess, for the _Lord Mayor_ to +_Summon_ and _dissolve Common-Councils_, and to put all points to the +_Question_; but we'l finde a cure for that too. 'Tis a thing we've been +a good while about already; the bringing down the _Authority_ of the +_City_ into the _Major part_ of the _Commons_. + +Bum. _Now if the_ Mayor _and_ Aldermen _should be aware of this, they'l +never endure it; but we must leave that to time. But hark ye_ Citt. _I +thought our Friends refusing of the_ Sacrament had been matter of +Conscience. + + Distinctions of Consciences. + +_Citt._ Why so it is man, but take notice then, that you are to +distinguish of _Consciences_: There is, _First_, a _plain, simple +Conscience_, and that's a Conscience that will serve well enough to keep +a man _Right_, if he meet with nothing else to put him _out of the way_. +And then there's a _Conscience_ of _State_, or _Profit_; and _that +Conscience_ yields, as a _Less Weight_ does to a _Greater_; an _Ounce_ +turns the _Scale_, but a _Pound_ carries the _Ounce_, and no body blames +the _Weaker_ for being over-power'd by the _stronger_. There is a +_Conscience_ of _Profession_ too; which is a _Conscience_ that does not +so much regard the _Reason_ of the _thing_, as the being _True_ to a +_Party_, when a man has past his _Word_: and this is the _Conscience_ of +a man of _Honour_, that fights for his _Whore_. There is likewise a +_Conscience_ of _Religion_, and that's a _quiet peaceable Conscience_, +that rests in the Affections of the _Heart_, in submission to _Lawfull +Institutions_; and in serving _God_, and doing Good to our _Nighbour_, +without _Noise_ or _Ostentation_. + + Consciences of State or Interest. + +Bum. _Well, but I see a great many very_ Consciencious men _that love +to_ Pray _and_ Sing Psalms _next the_ Street, _that their Neighbours may +hear 'um; and go up and down_ shaking of their Heads, _and_ wringing of +their Hands, _crying out of_ the Calves _of_ Bethel, _and the_ High +places, Popery, Prelacy, _and the_ Common-Prayer, _in such a manner, +that 'twould grieve a bodies heart to see 'um_. + +_Citt._ These are _Consciencious men Bumpkin_, and this is the +_Conscience_ of _State_ or _Profit_, that I told ye of. + +Bum. _Ay, but I have seen some men in Fits of the_ Spirit, Jump, _and +fling about a_ Pulpit _so desperately, that they set the children a +crying_ to have 'um let out. _One while they'd_ raise _themselves upon +their_ Tip-toes, _and_ Roar out _upon a suddain, you'd have thought they +had been pinch'd with_ Hot Irons; _and then all in an Instant, they'd_ +Dop down again, _that ye could hardly see 'um; And so_ fall _into a_ +faint, lamenting Voice, _like the_ Grone _of a poor woman_ three +quarters spent in Labour. _Nay there was One of 'um that gap'd, and held +his mouth open so long, that People cry'd out_, The man has a Bone in +his Throat. _Those must needs be very_ Consciencious Men, Citt. + +_Citt._ They are so _Bumpkin_, but 'tis the _same Conscience_ still; for +it works all manner of ways. We took up this Mode I suppose, from the +_Transports_, and _Grimaces_ of the _Pagan Priests_, in the Ceremony of +their _Sacrifices_, which had a very effectual operation upon the +People. + +Bum. _Nay_ Citt, _these Men have a Holy way of_ Language _too, as well +as of_ Behaviour, _for all their_ Talk _is of_ Heaven, _and_ Heavenly +things, _the_ Saints _and_ the New Jerusalem; _they deal mightily, in_ +Expositions _upon the_ Viols, _and_ the Little Horn: _and then they are +bitterly severe against_ Wicked Magistrates, _and those that_ Lord it +over Gods Heritage. _They are_ in fine _a very_ Consciencious _sort of +People_. + +_Citt._ Oh beyond question so they are: But this is still a Branch of +the _same Conscience_. I have known indeed some people so Transported +with this same _Talkative Holiness_, that it has been a kind of +_Spiritual Salivation_ to 'um, they continue _spitting_ when they have +not one drop of _Moisture_ left 'um in their _Bodies_. + +Bum. _Prethee_ Citt, _tell me in Honest_ English, _where shall a body +finde the_ simple, _and the_ Religious Consciences _thou told'st me of_? + + Not many Religious Consciences. + +_Citt._ Why every man living has the _Former_ of 'um, but takes no +notice on't: But for the _Latter_ sort, 'tis very scarce; and you shall +find more of it perhaps in _one Jayle_, or in _one Hospital_, then in +all the _Courts_ of _Christendom_. It is commonly _the Blessing of men +in years_, in _sicknesse_, or _in adversity_. + +Bum. _Ah_ Citt, _that I were but as capable of Learning as thou art of +Teaching! Pre'thee explain thy self a little upon the_ Conscience _of_ +Profession _too_. + + A Conscience of Profession. + +_Citt._ Observe me what I say then, _Bumpkin_; There is a _Profession_, +_Particular_, and _General_: _Particular_, as when _One Cavalier_ serves +another in a _Duell_, he's oblig'd to't by the _Profession_ of a +_Sword-man_, without Formalizing upon the _Cause_. There's a +_Conscience_ of _Profession_ even among the _Banditi_ themselves. What +is it but the _Profession_ of _Presbytery_, that makes the whole Party +oppose _Episcopacy_; as the _Independents_ do _Presbytery_, the +_Republicans_, _Monarchy_, and the like. + +Bum. _Now I thought that there might have been_ Conscience _of_ State, +_as well as of_ Profession _in These Cases_. + +_Citt._ Thou sayst very well, _Bumpkin_, and so there is, and of +_Profit_ too; and it was much the same Case too, throughout the Circle +of our Late Revolutions, when we _Swore_ and _Vow'd_ from the _Oaths of +Allegiance_, and _Canonical Obedience_, to the _Protestation_, the +_Solemn League and Covenant_, the _Engagement_, the _Negative Oath_, the +Oath of _Abjuration_, and so till we swore round, into the _Oath of +Allegiance_ again. + +Bum. _What do you mean now by your =Generall Profession=?_ + +_Citt._ I mean the _Subordination_ of a _Partiall_ to a _Generall_, of a +_Private Profession_ to a _Publick_; as thou seest in the Late Times, +_Bumpkin_, how strictly the _Divided Reformers_ kept themselves to This +Rule, so long as the _Common Enemy_ was upon his Legs. + +Bum. _But who do you mean by the =Common Enemy=?_ + +_Citt._ I mean, the _Court_, and the _Church-Party_. So long (I say) all +our Brethren of the Separation joyn'd as one man, against that +_Inordinate Power_; and herein we were _Conscienciously True_ to our +_General Profession_; but so soon as ever we had subdu'd that _Popish_ +and _Tyrannical Interest_, through the _Conscience_ of our _General +Profession_, we then consulted our _Particular_; and every man did +Conscienciously labour for the Establishment of _his own_ way. But now +we come to the great Nicety of all; that is to say, the _Conscience_ of +making a _Conscience_ of using _any Conscience at all_: There's a Riddle +for ye, _Bumpkin_. + +Bum. _I must confess I do not understand one Bitt on't._ + + A Conscience of using no Conscience at all. + +_Citt._ That's for want of a Discerning Spirit _Bumpkin_. What does +_Conscience_ signifie to the _Saints_, that are deliver'd from the +Fetters of _Moral Obligations_, by so many _Extraordinary_ and +_Over-riding Priviledges_, which are granted in a peculiar manner to the +_People of the Lord_? What's he the _better_, or the _worse_, for +_keeping_ or for _breaking_ the _Ten Commandments_, that lies under the +_Predestinarian Fate_ of an _Unchangeable Necessity_ and _Decree_? What +needs he care for any _other Guide_, that carries within himself an +_Infallible Light_? Or He for _any Rule at all_ that cannot _sin_? For +the _same thing_ may be _sin_ in _another man_, which in _Him_ is +_None_. + +Bum. _Really this is admirable: So that we that are the =Elect= are +bound up by no =Laws= at all, either of =God= or of =Man=._ + +_Citt._ Why look you now for that; we _Are_, and we are _Not_. If it so +happens that the _Inward_ and _Invisible Spirit_ move us to do _the same +thing_, which the _Outward_, and _Visible Law_ requires of us; in _That +Case_ we are _Bound_; but so, as to the _Spirit_, not to the _Law_: and +therefore we are bid to _stand fast in our Christian Liberty_. + + Of Christian Liberty. + +Bum. _That's extreamly well said, for if =We Christians= should be +Shackled with =Human Laws=, which can only reach the =Outward Man=, then +are =the Heritage of the Lord=, in no better Condition then the +=Wicked=, and the =Heathen=._ + + The Extent of it. + +_Citt._ Oh! th'art infinitely in the Right: for if it were not for this +_Christian Liberty_, we could never have _Justify'd_ our Selves in our +_Late Transactions_: the _Designe_ of _Overturning the Government_ had +been _Treason_; taking up _Arms_ against the _King_, _Rebellion_; +_Dividing_ from the _Communion_ of the _Church_ had been _Schism_; +appropriating the _Church Plate_, and _Revenues_ to _Private Uses_, had +been _Sacriledge_; Entring upon _Sequester'd Livings_ had been +_Oppression_: taking away mens _Estates_ had been _Robbery_; +_Imprisoning_ of their _Persons_ had been _Tyranny_; using the name of +_God_ to all This, would have been _Hypocrisy_, forcing of +_Contradictory Oaths_ had been _Impiety_, and Shedding the _Blood_ both +of the _King_, and his _People_, had been _Murther_: And all This would +have appear'd so to be, if the _Cause_ had come to be _Try'd_ by the +_Known Laws_ either of _God_, or of _Man_. + +Bum. _Make us thankfull now! What a blessed State are we in, that =Walk +up to our Calling=, in =Simplicity= and =Truth=, whose =Yea= is =Yea=, +and whose =Nay= is =Nay=. 'Tis a strange way thou hast, =Citt=, of +making things out to a man. Thou wert saying but now, that the =same +thing= may be a =Sin= in =One Man=, and =not= in =Another=. I'm thinking +now of the =Jesuites=._ + +_Citt._ Oh That's a _Jugling, Equivocating, Hellish_ sort of _People_; +'tis a thousand pitties that they're suffer'd to live upon the Earth; +They value an _Oath_ no more then they do a _Rush_. Those are the +_Heads_ of the _Plot_ now upon the Life of the _King_, the _Protestant +Religion_, and the _Subversion_ of the _Government_. + + Jesuites and Phanatiques compar'd. + +Bum. _Ay, Ay, =Citt=, they're a =damn'd Generation= of =Hell-hounds=. +But, as I was thinking just now; we have so many things among =Us=, like +some things among =Them=, that I have been run down some times allmost, +as if We =our selves= were =Jesuites=; though I know there's as much +difference, as betwixt =Light=, and =Darknesse=: and for my part, =I +defie them as I do the Devill=._ + + A vast Difference betwixt them. + +_But =Citt= thou hast so wonderfull a way of making matters plain, I'de +give any thing in the world thou'dst but teach me what to say in some +Cases, when I'm put to't. One told me t'other day, =You are rather worse +then the= Jesuites; (says he) =for when =They= break an =Oath=, they +have some =mental Reservation= or other for a =Come-off:_ But _You_ +Swallow your _Perjuryes, just_ as _Cormorants_ do _Eeles_; an _Oath's_ +no sooner _In_ at _One End_, then _Out_ at _t'other_. + +_Citt._ Let your Answer be This, _Bumpkin_, That the _Lawmaker_ is +_Master_ of _his own Laws_; and that the _Spirits dictating_ of a _New +Law_, is the _Superseding_ of an _Old one_. + + Their Practices compar'd. + +Bum. _These are hard words_, Citt; _but he told me further_, don't _You_ +Justifie _King-Killing_ (_says he_) as well as the _Jesuits_? Only +_They_ do't with _Pistol_, _Dagger_, and _Poyson_; and _You_ come with +Your _Horse_, _Foot_, and _Cannon_: _They_ proceed by _Excomunicating_, +and _Deposing_; by _dissolving_ the _Character_, _first_, and _then +destroying_ the _Person_; and just so did _You_. _First_, ye _Depos'd_ +the _King_, and _Then_ ye _Beheaded Charles Stuart_. And then you need +never go to _Rome_ for a _Pardon_, when every man among you is _his own +Pope_. + + The Fanaticks Clear'd. + +_Citt._ Now your Answer must be This; That we had, _First_, the +_Warrant_, for what we did, of _an Extraordinary Dispensation_. (as +appear'd in the providence of our Successes) _Secondly_, we had the +_Laws_ of _Necessity_, and _Self-preservation_ to Support us. And +_Thirdly_, the _Government_ being _Coordinate_, and the _King_ only +_One_ of the _Three Estates_; any _Two_ of the _Three_ might deal with +the _Third_ as They thought _Fit_: Beside the _Ultimate Soveraignty_ of +the _People_, over and above. And now take notice, that _the same +Argument_ holds in the _Subversion_ of the _Government_. + +Bum. _Now you have Arm'd me Thus far, pray'e help me on, one step +farther; for I was hard put to't not long Since, about the businesse of +the_ Protestant Religion. _What is_ That, _I pray'e, that ye call the_ +Protestant Religion? + + Of Dissenting Protestants. + +_Citt._ You are to understand, that by the _Protestant Religion_ is +meant the _Religion_ of the _Dissenters_ in _England_, from the _Church_ +of _England_; As the _First Protestants_ in _Germany_ 1529. (from whom +we denominate our Selves) were _Dissenters_ from the _Church_ of _Rome_: +And So _Call'd_ from the famous _Protestation_ they enter'd against the +_Decree_ of the _Assembly_ at _Spires_, against _Anabaptists_. + +Bum. _So that I perceive We_ Set up _the_ Protestant Religion; _we did +not_ Destroy _it: But they prest it Then, that the_ Church of England +_was a_ Protestant Church, _and that the_ Jesuites _had only_ Design'd +_the_ Destruction _of it, where as_ We _did_ Actually Execute _it_. + +_Citt._ Your Answer must be, that the _Church_ of _England_, though it +be a little _Protestantish_, it is not yet directly _Protestant_: As on +the Other side, it is not altogether the _Whore_ of _Babilon_, though a +good deal _Whorish_; and therefore the Reply to That must be, that we +did not _Destroy_, but only _Reform_ it. + +Bum. _Why I have answer'd People out of my Own_ Mother-Wit, _that we did +but_ Reform _it_. _And they told me again, the Cutting of it off_ Root +and Branch, _was a very Extraordinary way of_ Reforming. + + The meaning of Root and Branch. + +_Citt._ The Answer to That is Obvious, that the _Cutting Off Root and +Branch_, is only a _Thorow_, or a _Higher degree_ of _Reforming_. +But upon the whole matter, it was with _Us_ and the _Jesuites_, as it +was with _Aaron_ and the _Magicians_; we did _Both_ of us, make +_Froggs_, but _We alone_ had the Power to quicken _the Dust of the Land, +and turn it into Lice_. + +Thou art by this time, I presume, sufficiently instructed in the +_Methods_, and _Fundamentalls_ of the _Holy Cause_. I shall now give you +some necessary Hints, to fit, and quallify you for the Province that I +intend you. But besure you mind your _Lesson_. + +Bum. _As I would do my_ Prayers, Citt, _or I were Ungratefull, for you +have made me for ever._ + +_Citt._ Come we'l take _t'other Sup_, first, and then to work. _Who +wayts there without? Two Potts more, and shut the door after Ye._ + + +A great part of Your businesse, _Bumpkin_, will ly among +_Parliament-Rolls_ and _Records_; for it must be _Our Post_ to furnish +_Materialls_ to a _Caball_ only of _Three Persons_, that may be ready +upon Occasion, to be made use of by the _Grand Committee_. + + Rolls and Records hunted for Presidents. + +Bum. My _Old Master would say that I had as good a guesse at a_ Musty +Record, _as any man; And 'twas my whole Employment almost, to hunt for_ +Presidents. _Nay the People would Trust me with_ Great Bags _home to my +Lodging; and leave me alone sometimes in the_ Offices _for four and +twenty hours together._ + +_Citt._ But what kind of _Presidents_ were they that Ye lookt for? + +Bum. _Concerning the_ Kings Prerogative, Bishops Votes, _the_ Liberty +_and_ Property _of the_ Subject; _and the like: And such as They wanted, +I writ out._ + +_Citt._ But did you Recite them _Whole_? or what did you _Take_, and +what did you _Leave_? + +Bum. _We took what serv'd our Turn, and left out the Rest; and sometimes +we were taken =Tripping=, and sometimes we =Scap'd=: But we never +falsify'd any thing. There were some dogged Passages, indeed we durst +not meddle with at all; but I can turn ye to any thing you have occasion +for, with a wet-finger._ + + Lessons of behaviour for the Well-affected. + +_Citt._ So that here's One great point quickly over; in thy being +Train'd to my hand: A man might lay thee down _Instructions_, now, for +thy very _Words_, _Looks_, _Motions_, _Gestures_; nay thy very +_Garments_; but we'l leave those matters to Time, and Study. It is a +strange thing how Nature puts her self forth, in these _Externall +Circumstances_. Ye shall Know a _Sanctifi'd Sister_, or a _Gifted +Brother_ more by the _Meene_, _Countenance_, and _Tone_, then by the +Tenour of their _Lives_, and _Manners_. It is a Comely thing for Persons +of the Same Perswasion, to agree in these _Outward Circumstances_, even +to the _drawing_ of the _same Tone_, and _making_ of the _same Face_: +Always provided, that there may be read in our _Appearances_, a +_Singularity of Zeal_, a _Contempt of the World_, a _fore-boding of +Evills to come_; a _dissatisfaction at the Present Times_; and a +_Despair of Better_. + +Bum. _Why This is the very Part, that I was Made for; these Humours are +to be put =On=, and =Off=, as a man would shift his =Gloves=; and you +shall see me do't as Easily too; but the =Language= must be got, I +Phansy, by Conversing with =Modern Authours=, and frequenting =Religious +Exercises=._ + +_Citt._ Yes, yes, and for a help to your memory I would advise you to +dispose of your Observations into these _Three Heads_, _Words_, +_Phrases_, and _Metaphors_: Do you conceive me? + + The Force of Looks and Tones. + +Bum. _There's not a word you say, falls to the Ground. And I am the more +sensible of the force of =Words=, =Looks=, =Tones=, and =Metaphors= (as +ye call 'um) from what I finde in my self. =Ours= certainly may be well +term'd a =Powerfull Ministry=, that makes a man cry like a Child at the +very =Noyse= of a Torrent of =Words= that he does not =Understand One +Syllable= of. Nay, when I have been out of reach of hearing the =Words=, +the very =Tone= and =Look=, has =Melted= me._ + + A Moving Metaphor. + +_Citt._ Thou canst not but have heard of _That Moving Metaphor_ of the +late Reverend _Mr. Fowler_: _Lord Sowse us;_ (says he) _Lord Dowse us, +in the Powdering-Tubb of Affliction; that we may come forth Tripes +worthy of thy Holy Table._ Who can resist the _Inundation_ of This +_Rhetorique_? But let us now pass from the _Generall Ornaments_ of our +_Profession_, to the _Particular businesse_ of our _present Case_. + +I need not tell you, _Bumpkin_, of the _Plott_, or that we are all +running into _Popery_; and that the best Service _Englishman_ can do his +Country, would be the ripping up of This Designe to the _Bottom_. + +Bum. _I am so much of Your Opinion, that you have Spoken my very +Thoughts._ + +_Citt._ Bethink your self, _Bumpkin_; what _Papists_ do you know? + +Bum. _Oh, hang 'um all, I never come near any of 'Um._ + +_Citt._ But yet you may have Heard, perhaps, of some people that are +_Popishly affected_. + +Bum. _Yes, yes; There are abundance of Them._ + +_Citt._ Can you prove that ever they _Sayd_, or _Did_ any thing, in +favour of the _Papists_? + +Bum. _Nay there's enough of That I believe; but then there are such_ +Huge Great men among 'um. + +_Citt._ Pluck up a good heart _Bumpkin_; the _Greater_, the _Better_; We +fear 'um not. Rub up your Memory, and call to minde what you can say +upon _Your own Knowledge_, and what you have _Heard_; either about _Sir +Edmond-Bury Godfrey_, The _Plott_; The _Traytors_ that Suffer'd, or the +_Kings Evidence_. + +Bum. _I have seen people_ shrug _sometimes, and lift up their_ Hands +_and_ Eyes, _and shake their_ Heads, _and then they would clutch their_ +Fists, _look sour_, _make_ Mouths, _and bite their_ Nails, _and so: And +I dare swear I know what they thought._ + +_Citt._ Ah _Bumpkin_, if they had but so much as mutter'd, they'd been +our own. + + Signs in Evidence. + +Bum. _Well but hark ye_ Citt, _I hear People swear_, or in WORDS to this +Effect; _why may not a Man as well swear_, in SIGNS to this Effect? _and +that they lifted up their_ Eyes, _and_ hands, _bent their_ Fists, _knit +their_ Brows, _and made_ Mouths, to this or that Effect? + +_Citt._ No, that will never do _Bumpkin_, but if thou could'st but +phansy that thou heard'st them _speak_. + +Bum. _Why truly I never thought on't, but I saw a_ Parson _once, the +Tears flood in his Eyes, as one of 'um went by to Execution. But your_ +Surcingle-men, (_as our Doctor told us last Lords day_) _are all of 'um_ +Papists in their Hearts. + +_Citt._ Why what's the _Common-Prayer Book Bumpkin_, but a mess of +_Parboyl'd Popery_? + +Bum. _I'm a dog, if our Minister does not pray for the_ Queen _still._ + + Sad Times. + +_Citt._ Nay, we are e'en at a fine pass, when the _Pulpit_ prays for the +_Queen_, and the _Bench_ Drinks the _Duke of Yorks Health_. But to the +point, bethink your self well; a man may forget a thing to day, and +recollect it to morrow. Take notice however, that it is another main +point of your Instructions to procure _Informations_ of this quality. + +Bum. _I'le fit you to a hair for that matter: But then I must be running +up and down ye know, into_ Taverns, _and_ Coffee-houses, _and thrusting +myself into_ Meetings, _and_ Clubs. _That licks mony._ + +_Citt._ Never trouble your self for that, you shall be well paid and +your expences born: Beside so much a head from the State, for every +Priest that you discover. + +Bum. _Well! these_ Priests _and_ Jesuites _are damn'd fellows._ + +_Citt._ And yet let me tell you _Bumpkin_, a _bare fac'd Papist_ is not +half so bad as a _Papist_ in _Masquerade_. + +Bum. _Why what are those I prethee?_ + + Church worse to Dissenters then Jesuites. + +_Citt._ They are your _Will-worship-men_, your _Prelates Brats_: Take +the whole Litter of 'um, and you'l finde _never a barrel better +Herring_. Let me tell thee in Love _Bumpkin, these Curs_ are forty times +worse to _Us_ then the _Jesuits themselves_; for the _One_ is an _Open +Enemy_, the _Other_ lies gnawing like a Canker in our _Bowells_. And +then being train'd up to _Latin_ and _Greek_, there's no opposing of the +_Power of Godlinesse_ to the _Sophistry_ of _Human Reason_: Beside that, +the _Law_ is _For_ us in the _One_ Case, and _Against_ us in the +_Other_. + +Bum. _Which way shall we go to work then, to deal with this Generation +of Men?_ + +_Citt._ We must joyn the _Wisdom_ of the _Serpent_, to the _Innocence_ +of the _Dove_; and endeavour to compass that by _stratagem_, which we +cannot gain by _Argument_. But now am I going to open a _Mistery_ to +thee, that's _worth_---- + +Bum. _Prethee the_ Worth _on't_ Citt: _For talk is but talk, the_ Worth +_is the_ Main point. + +_Citt._ Why then let me tell thee _Bumpkin_, the _Mistery_ that I am +about to disclose to thee, was _worth_ to our Predecessours not long +since, no less then _Three Kingdoms_, and _a better penny_. But I'le +seal your Lips up, before I stir one step further. + +Bum. _Why look ye_ Citt, may this Drink never go thorough me, if ever +blab one Syllable of any thing thou tell'st me as a Secret. + +_Citt._ Hold, hold, _Bumkin_, and _may it never come up again if thou +do'st_; for we'l have no shifting. + +Bum. And may it never come up again neither if I do. + + + The strange agreement of Dissenters. + +_Citt._ Well, I'm satisfy'd, and now give attention; thou seest how +unanimously fierce all the several Parties of the _Protestant +Dissenters_ are against the _Papists_. Whence comes this _Conjunction_, +I prethee, of so many _separate Congregations_, that are many of them +worse then _Papists, One_ to _Another_? There must be in it, either +_Conscience_, or _Interest_: If it were _Conscience_, we should fall +foul _One_ upon _Another_, and for matter of _Interest_; when the +_Papists_ are _destroy'd_, we are but still where we were. + +Bum. _This is a crotchet_, Citt, _that did not fall under my Night-Cap._ + + The scope of that Agreement. + +_Citt._ Be enlighten'd then. It is not the Destruction of those that are +_Really Papists_, that will do our Work; for there's nothing to be got +by't. But it must be our business to make _those people_ pass for +_Papists_, that are _not_ so, but only have _Places_ to Lose: such as we +our selves, by the removal of them, may be the better for; and _This, +Bumpkin_ must be _our Master-piece_. + +Bum. _I had this very phansy my self_, Citt; _but it stuck betwixt my +Teeth, and would not out._ + +_Citt._ You hear now in General, what is to be done; You must be next +instructed in the Acts of _Raising_, _Cherishing_, and _Fomenting_ such +_Opinions_; in what Cases to _Improve_ them, and where to _apply_ them. + + Who are Popishly affected in the first place. + +Bum. _I'm perswaded my Masters Brother had this very thing in his Head, +though he never made any words on't to me, He had got a List of all the +considerable Offices and Employments in the Kingdom: And I remember he +was us'd to say, that most of the respective_ Officers _were either_ +Corrupt, _or_ Popishly affected. _If they were_ Publick Ministers; +_either the_ Kings Councells _were_ betray'd, _or they put him upon +Governing in an_ Arbitrary way, _and without_ Parliaments: _As for the_ +Judges _there was either_ Bribery, Absolute Power, _or_ Oppression _laid +to their Charge; and so all the rest were branded for_ Frauds, +Imbezilments, _and the like, according to the Quality of their +businesse: All the_ Governours _of_ Towns, Castles, _and_ Forts, _were_ +Popishly Inclin'd; _and not to be Trusted. And then all_ Ecclesiasticall +Officers, _whatsoever, within four or five, were half way at_ Rome +_already._ + +_Citt._ This is well remembred, _Bumpkin_; Now 'tis worth a bodies while +to make _these Blades_ passe for _Papists_, and _Traitors_, that leave +_Good Offices_ behinde 'um. Nay, we must not suffer so much as any man, +either of _Brains_, or _Fortune_ (that does not joyn with _Us_) to passe +untainted. + +Bum. _Thou say'st Right_, Citt; _for whosoever is not_ With _us, is_ +Against _us._ + +_Citt._ Thou hast spoken patt to This point, _Bumpkin_, but yet thou +begin'st at the wrong End; For you must first get the skill of +_Raising_, and _Improving a Report_, before ye come to the _Fixing_ of +it: For that's a Nicety not to be medled with, till we come to the +taking out of the very Pins, and the Unhinging of the Government; So +that the _First Clamour_ must be Level'd point-blank at some _Known_, +and _Eminent Papists_. + +Bum. _Well, but what shall we_ Charge 'um with? + +_Citt._ Why, if we were Once at the bottom of _This Plot_ (which, upon +my soul, _Bumpkin_, is a most hideous one) and wanted _matter_ for +_Another_, I would charge them with a designe of betraying us to a +_Foreign Enemy_. + +Bum. _As how a_ Foreign Enemy _pre'thee?_ + + A Heavy Charge. + +_Citt._ As Thus: I would charge 'um with holding an Intelligence with +the Emperor of _Morocco_, for the Landing of _five and thirty thousand +Light-horse men_ upon _Salisbury Plain_. + +Bum. _Pre'thee_, Citt, _don't_ Romance. + + Nothing Incredible. + +_Citt._ Pre'thee do not _Balderno_, ye should say; Speak _Statutable +English_, ye Fool you. Thou think'st perhaps that the people will not +believe it: Observe but what I say to thee; let it but be put into the +_Protestant Domestique_, that his _Imperiall Majesty_ is to hold up his +hand at the _Kings Bench-barr_ for't, and let me be Dogs-meat if they do +not swallow That too. Why pre'thee, _Bumkin_, we must make 'um believe +stranger Things than This, or we shall never do our businesse. They must +be made to believe that the _King_ intends to play the _Tyrant_; that +all his _Counsellors_ are _Pensioners_ to the _French King_; that all +his _Enemies_ are turn'd his _Friends_, o'th sodain, and all his +_Friends_, his _Enemies_; That _Prelacy_ is _Anti-Christian_; all our +_Clergy-men_, _Papists_, the _Liturgy_ the _Masse-Book_, and that the +_Ten Commandments_ are to be read _backward_. + +Bum. _Blesse me_, Citt, _what do I hear?_ + + Popish Ministers may have Orthodox Offices. + +_Citt._ Come, come, Sirrah; y'are under an Oath; and This is the plain +Truth on'. What is it to Thee and Me, I pre'thee, whether the _Great +Ministers_ be _True_, or _False_; Or what _Religion_, the _Clergy_ are +of, so long as their _Livings_ ye Rogue, are _Orthodox_, and their +_Offices well-Affected_. + +Bum. _This does Qualifie, I must confess. But you were saying, that the +First Clamour should be levell'd at some_ Known _and_ Eminent Papists: +_Now what comes after That, I beseech you?_ + +_Citt_. You may safely Mark all Their Friends then for +_Popishly-Affected_; and so consequently on to all that _Love them_, and +all that _They Love_. When this Opinion is once started, 'tis an Easy +matter, by the help of _Invention_, and _Story_, to improve it; and by +this means we shall come, in a short time to secure all the _Councils_ +of the Nation to _our Party_, that are chosen by _Suffrage_. If you were +read in History you would finde, that still _as the_ Papists _set the +House on fire, the_ Non-conformists _took the Opportunity of rosting +their own Eggs_. + + Who are Popishly affected. + +Bum. _Yes, yes, I understand ye. As for Example now,_ One _goes to the_ +Lords _in the_ Tower, another (_as you were saying_) _drinks the_ Dukes +Health, _a_ Third _prays for the_ Queen: _a_ Fourth _Phansies_ Two +Plots; _a_ Fifth _refuses the_ Petition, _a_ Sixth _speaks well of my_ +Lord Chief Justice, _or calls the_ Protestant Domestick _a_ Libel. _All +these now are_ Popishly-Affected. + +_Citt._ Save your breath _Bumpkin_, and take all in one word: whosoever +will not do as we would have him shall be _made_ so. + +But now to the matter of _Invention_, and _Story_; I hate the +over-hearing of Discourses, in Blinde Allyes, and such ordinary _Shams_: +I'm rather for coming downright to the _Man_, and to the _Poynt_; after +the way of the Protestant Domestique. + + Matters of Moment. + +Bum. _Ay, ay: There's your_ free Speaker. _Well_ Citt, the King wants +such men about him. _But pre'thee hear me; Is it certain his Majesty has +Lent the King of_ France Three Millions? + +_Citt._ No, no; some Two and a half; or thereabouts. + +Bum. _Why, if the King would but make a League now with the_ Swiss _to +keep the_ Turk _off_, That way; _and another with the_ Protestants _in_ +Hungary, _to keep off the_ French, _the whole world could never hurt +us._ + +_Citt._ Nay that's true enough, but then the _Pole_ lies so damnably +betwixt _Us_ and the _Baltique_. + +Bum. _I'de not value that a Half-penny, so long as we have the_ +Waldenses _to Friend._ + +_Citt._ And then _New-England_ lies so conveniently for _Provisions_. +But what do you think of drawing _Nova Scotia_, and _Geneva_ into the +_Alliance_? + +Bum. _Ay, but there's no hope of that: so long at the King follows these +Counsells._ + +_Citt._ Thou art a great Read man I perceive in the _Interests of +States_. + +Bum. _I have always had a phansy to_ Stows Survey _of_ London, _and +those kinde of Books._ + +_Citt._ But Good _Bumpkin_, what's thy Opinion of the _Bishops Votes_, +in Case of _Life and Death_? + +Bum. _Ay, or in Cases of_ Heaven and Hell _either. Why as true as thou +art a man_ Citt, _we have but_ three Protestant Bishops _in the Nation; +and I am told they are warping too._ + +_Citt._ Prethee why should we look for any _Protestant Bishops_ in the +_Kingdom_, when there's no _Protestant Episcopacy_ in the _World_? but +for all this, we may yet live to see the _Rufling_ of their _Lawn +sleeves_. + +Bum. _Oh, now I think on't; dist thou ever reade the Story of_ Moses +_and the_ Ten Tables? + +_Citt._ The _Two Tables_ in the _Mount_ thou mean'st. + +Bum. Gad _I think 'tis the_ Two Tables. _I read it in Print t'other day, +in a very good Book, that as sure as thou art alive now,_ the Bishops in +_Henry the 8th._ made the _Ten Commandments._ + +_Citt._ Why that was the reason, _Bumpkin_, when the _Lords and Commons_ +put down _Bishops_, they put down the _Ten Commandments too_; and made +_New ones_ of their _Own_. And dost not thou take notice that they put +down the _Lords Prayer_ too, because 'twas akinn to the _Popish +Pater-Noster_? and then for the _Creed_, they cast it quite out of the +_Directory_. + +Bum. _Now as thou lay'st it down to me, the Case is as clear as +Christal. And yet when I'm by my self sometime, I'm so affraid methinks +of being_ Damn'd. + +_Citt._ What for, ye Fop you? + +Bum. _Why for_ Swearing, Lying, Dissembling, Cheating, Betraying, +Defaming_, and the like._ + + The Brethren are only for Profitable Sins. + +_Citt._ Put it at worst, do not you know that every man must have his +_Dos_ of _Iniquity_? And that what you take out in _One way_ you abate +for in _another_, as in _Profaning, Whoring, Drinking_, and so forth. +Suppose you should see P O Y S O N set in Capital Letters, upon _seaven +Vials_ in a _Laboratory_; 'twere a madness I know, for any man to +venture his Life upon 'um, without a _Taster_. But having before your +Eyes so many instances, of men that by drinking of these Poysonous +Liquors, out of a _Consumptive, half-starv'd_, and _Heart-broken_ +Condition, grow _Merry, Fat_, and _Lusty_, would not you venture too? +Imagine These _Seven_ _Waters_ to be the _Seven Deadly Sins_, and then +make your _Application_. + +Bum. _Nay, the Case is plain enough, and I cannot see why that should be +a_ Poyson _to_ me, _that's a_ Preservative _to_ Another: _Only our +Adversaries twit us with Objections of_ Law _forsooth, and_ Religion. + +_Citt._ Wherefore the Discipline of the Late Times sav'd a great deal of +puzzle. Mr. _Prynn_ sent _His Clients_ to Mr. C_ase_ for _Religion_; and +Mr. _Case_, in requital, sent _His_ to Mr. _Pryn_ for _Law_; which kept +up a concord among the _Well-affected_. But your Lesson in both these +Cases, falls into a very Narrow compass. + +Bum. _Pray'e let it be_ Plain _that I may_ understand _it; and_ short +_that I may_ Remember _it._ + + Three Positions. + +_Citt._ Keep close only to these _Three Positions: First_, that the +_King_ is _One_ of the _Three Estates; Secondly_, that the _Sovereign +Power_ is in the _People_; and _Thirdly_, that it is better to obey +_God_, then _Man_. These Fundamentals will serve to guide ye in allmost +any dispute upon this Matter, that can occur to you. + +Bum. _But what becomes of me, if my Adversaries should turn the question +another way?_ + +_Citt._ I'le fortify you there too. And let me tell you that he'l have +much ado to keep himself Clear of one of these Two Rocks: Either of +Dashing upon the _Plott_, or upon the _Liberty of the Subject_. As for +Example, + + + L'Estrange Confuted. + +There's _L'Estrange_; as wary a Dog perhaps, as ever pist; and yet ye +shall see how we have hamper'd Him. I writ the thing my self, ye must +know, though it comes out in the Name of _the Authour of the Weekly +Pacquet of Advice from_ Rome. 'Tis Dedicated to _Both Houses of +Parliament_; and Design'd just for the 26th. of _January_: So that if +the Parliament had Set, there would have been means us'd to have had him +Question'd for't. + +Bum. _Gad, I know where y'are now. 'Tis in the_ Preface _to the_ History +of the Damnable Popish Plott. + +_Citt._ Ay, that's it. I'le give ye First, the _Words_ in't that concern +_L'Estrange_, and you shall _Then_ see the _Writings_ of _His_ that I +have reflected upon. + +Bum. _Oh, 'Tis a devilish witty Thing,_ Citt; _I have seen it. Methinks +the Rogue, should hang himself out of the way. I'le go to_ Mans +Coffee-house _and see how he Looks on't._ + +_Citt._ No, no, Pox on him; he's an Impudent Curr; nothing less than a +Pillory will ever put Him out of Countenance. This Toad was in +_Newgate_, I know not how long; and yet he'l take no warning. + +Bum. _You must consider,_ Citt, _that he writes for_ Money; O my Soul, +they say, the Bishops have given him five hundred Guynnyes. _But +pre'thee_ Citt; _hast not thou seen_ the Answer to the Appeal, +Expounded. + +_Citt._ Yes, but I ha' not read it. + +Bum. _Why then take it from me,_ Citt, _'tis one of the shrewdest_ +_Pieces that ever came in Print._ L'Estrange, _you must know, wrote an_ +Answer _to the_ Appeal. + +_Citt._ We've a sweet Government the while, that any man should dare to +fall foul upon _That Appeal_. + +Bum. _Well, but so it is; and_ Another _has written Notes upon_ Him: +_You cann't imagine_ Citt, _how he windes him about's Finger; And calls +him_ Fidler, Impudent, Clod-pate; _and proves him to be a_ Jesuite, _and +a_ Papist, _as plain as the Nose of a mans Face: he shews ye how he +accuses the_ Kings Evidence; _and that he is in_ Both Plots, _in I know +not how many places._ + + _Citt_ drawing up Articles. + +_Citt._ I have known the man a great while; and let me tell ye in +Private, I am to draw up _Articles_ against him. But I have been so busy +about my _Lord Chief Justices Articles_, and _Other Articles_ against _a +Great Woman_, that lay upon my hand, that I could not get leisure; and +yet I should have met with him long e're This too, for all That, but +that the _Committee_ Sits so cursedly Late: And then they have cut me +out such a deal of work about the _Succession_. Well I heard a great +Lord say, that _That History of his deserv'd to be burnt by the hand of +the Common Hang-man_. + +Bum. _Bravely sayd,_ Citt, _I Faith: who knows but we two may come to +be_ Pillars _of the_ Nation? Thou _shalt stand up for the_ City, _and I +for the_ Country. + +_Enter_ Trueman _out of a Closet._ + + Enter _Trueman_. + +_Citt._ Trepan'd, by the Lord, in our own way. + +_Trueman._ Nay hold, my Masters; we'l have no flinching. Sit down, ye +had best, without putting me to the Trouble of a Constable. + +_Citt._ Why we have said nothing, sir, that we care who hears; but +because you seem to be a Civill Gentleman, my Service to you, Sir. + +Bum. _Ay, Sir; and if you'l be pleased to sit down and Chirp over a Pot +of Ale as we do, y're wellcome._ + + _Citt's_ Faculty and Employment. + +_True._ Very-good; And _You_ are the _Representative_ (forsooth) of the +City, and _You_, of the _Country. Two_ of the _Pillars_ of the _Nation_, +with a Horse-Pox; A man would not let down his Breeches in a House of +Office that had but _Two such Supporters_. Do not I know you, _Citt_, to +be a little _Grubstreet-Insect_, that but t'other day scribled +Handy-dandy for some _Eighteen-pence_ a _Job_, _Pro_ and _Con_, and glad +on't too? And now, as it pleases the stars, you are advanc'd from the +_Obort_, the _Miscarriage_, I mean, of a _Cause-splitter_, to a +_Drawer-up_ of _Articles_: and for your skill in _Counterfeiting hands_, +preferr'd to be a _Sollicitor_ for _Fobb'd Petitions_: You'l do the +_Bishops bus'nesse_, and You'l do the _Dukes bus'nesse_; And who but +_You_, to tell the _King_ when he shall make _War_, or _Peace_; call +_Parliaments_, and _whom_ to _Commit_, and _whom_ to _let go_? And then +in your Fuddle, up comes all; what such a Lord told you, and what you +told him; and all this Pudder against your Conscience too, even by your +own Confession. + +_Citt._ Y'are very much Mis-inform'd of Me, Sir. + +_True._ Come, I know ye too well to be mistaken in you; and for your +part, _Bumpkin_, I look upon you only as a simple Fellow drawn in. + + _Bumpkins_ account of himself. + +Bum. _Not so_ simple _neither, it may be, as you take me for. I was a_ +Justices Clerk _in the_ Countrey, _till the bus'nesse of the_ Petitions; +_and my Master was an Honest Gentleman too, though he's now put out of +Commission: And to shew ye that I am none of your_ simple Fellows (_do +ye mark_) _if ye have a minde to dispute upon_ Three Points, _I'm for +you._ First, _the_ King _is_ One _of the_ Three Estates; Secondly, _the_ +Sovereign Power _is in the_ People. _And_ Thirdly, _'Tis better to Obey_ +God _then_ Man. + +_Citt._ Always provided, _Bumpkin_, that the Gentleman take no advantage +of what's spoken in Discourse. + +_True._ No, there's my hand I will not; and now let's fall to work. If +the King of _England_ be _One_ of the _Three Estates_, then the _Lords_ +and _Commons_ are _two Thirds_ of the _King of England_. + + _Bumpkin's_ way of Argument. + +Bum. _Oh pox, you've a minde to put a sham upon the Plot, I perceive._ + +_True._ Nay, if y'are thereabouts:--Well; If the _Soveraignty_ be in the +_People_, why does not the _Law_ run In the Name of our _Sovereign +Lords_ the People? + +Bum. _This is a meer_ Jesuitical Trick, _to disparage the_ Kings +Witnesses; _for_ They _are part of the_ People. _Now do you take up the +Cudgels_, Citt. + +_True._ Do so, and we'l make it a short business, and let's have no +shifting. + + The Composition of the Committees. + +Now to shew ye that I gave good heed to your Discourse, I'le run over +the Heads of it as you deliver'd them. First, for _Committees_, and +_Grand Committees_, what are they compounded of, but _Republicans_, and +_Separatists_, a Medly of People disaffected both to _Church_ and +_State_? This you cannot deny; and that they would not suffer any man +otherwise affected, to mingle with them. Now beside the _scandal_, and +_Ill Example_ of such _Irregular Conventions_, whoever considers their +_Principles_, may reasonably conclude upon their _Designs_: For they are +wiser, I hope, then to lay their Heads together to destroy themselves. + +_Citt._ But it is hard, if _Protestants_ may not meet as well as Other +People. + +_True._ Yes, _Protestants_ may meet, but not in the quality of +_Conspirators_, no more then _Conspirators_, may meet under the _Cloak_, +and _colour_ of _Protestants_. The intent of the _Meeting_ is matter of +_State_, and you turn it off, to a point of _Religion_. + +_Citt._ But is it not matter of _Religion_ to joyn in a _Petition_ for +the meeting of a _Parliament_, to bring _Malefactors_ to a _Tryall_, and +to _extirpate Popery_? + + What Petitions warrantable and what not. + +_True._ Such a Petition as you Instance in, is in the appearance of it, +not only _Lawfull_, but _Commendable_; But then it must be promoted by +_Lawfull means_, and under _Decent Circumstances_. 'Tis a good thing to +_Preach_, or C_atechize_, but it is not for a _Lay-man_ presently to +pluck the _Parson_ out of the _Desk_, or _Pulpit_, that he himself may +do the Office. It is a Good thing to execute _Justice_, but yet _a +private man_ must not invade the _Judgment-Seat_, though it were to +passe even the most _Righteous Sentence_. + +_Citt._ The King may chuse whether he'l _Grant_ or no; So that without +invading _His Right_ we only claim the _Liberty_ of _Presenting_ the +_Request_. + + No Petition to be press'd after Prohibition. + +_True._ That may be well enough at _First_; but still, after _One +Refusal_, and That with a _Publick Interdict_ on the Neck on't, +forbidding the pursuance of it; such a _Petition_ is not by any means to +be _Repeated_. _First_, out of _Respect_ to _Regal Authority_: +_Secondly_, as the _King_ is the _Sole Judge_ of the matter: _Thirdly_, +upon the _Importunity_, it is not so properly _Desiring_ of a thing, as +_Tugging_ for it. _Fourthly_, It tends many ways to the Diminution of +his Majesties _Honour_, in case it be Obtain'd: For it implys, either +_Levity_, or _Fear_; or (to make the best on't) the _King_ confers the +_Obligation_, and the _Heads of the Petition_ receive the _Thanks_. Now +adde to all this, the _suborning_ of _Subscriptions_, and the +_Inflaming_ of _Parties_, what can be more _Undutifull_ or _Dangerous_? + +_Citt._ But do not you find many _Honest_ and _Considerable men_ +concern'd in these _Petitions_? + + The Nation poyson'd with False Principles. + + The Injustice of our Common Wealthsmen. + +_True._ Yes, in several of them _I_ do; and the main reason is This. +There's no man under _Five and Fifty_, at Least, that is able to give +any Account, of the _Designe_, and _Effects_ of this way of Petitioning +in _Forty_ and _Forty One_, but by _Hear-say_: so that This Nation +proceeds mostly upon the _Maxims_, and _Politiques_, which That +_Republican_ Humour deliver'd over to us: But yet let the _Thing_, or +the _Manner_ of it be as it will, Those that _disarm'd_, and _turn'd +back_ the _Kentish Petitioners_ at _London-bridg_. Those that _Wounded_, +and _Murther'd_ the _Surry-Petitioneres_ in the _Palace Yard_, only for +desiring a _Peace_, and in order to the _Preservation_ of his _late +Majesty_: _Those People_ methinks, that were so Outrageous _Against +Those Petitions_ (and Several others of the same kind) should not have +the Face now to be so _Violent, for This_. And whoever examines the +_present Roll_, will find the _Old Republicans_ to be the +_Ring-leaders_. + +Bum. Really, _Citt_, the man speaks Reason. + + The mean ways of promoting their Designs. + +_True._ Consider then the _Mean ways_ ye have of advancing your +Pretensions, by _Falshoods_, and _Scandals_, to disappoint Honest men of +_Elections_; The use ye make of the most _Servile Instruments_, to +promote your Ends; your _fawning Methods_ of _Popularity_ toward the +_Rabble_; your ways of undermining the _Government_ of the _City_, as +well as of the _Nation_; your worse then _Jesuitical Evasions_ in matter +of _Conscience_; your _Non-sensical Salvo's_, and _Expositions_ of +_Christian Liberty_; your putting out the _Church of Englands Colours_, +and calling your selves _Protestants_, when you are effectually no +better then _Algerines_, and _Pyrating_ even upon _Christianity it +self_; your Beating of the wood, in the History of our most _Seditious +Times_, to start _Presidents_ and _Records_ in favour of your own +Disloyal Purposes. The _Pharisaical_ Distinguishing of your selves from +the _Profane_ (as you are pleas'd to stile all others,) even in your +_Dresse, Tone, Language_, &c. Your Uncharitable _Bitternesse of Spirit_; +your _lying in wait_ for _Blood_; and laying of _Snares_ for the +_Unwary_ and the _Innocent_; and still vouching an _Inspiration_ for all +your _Wickednesse_; your gathering of _all Winds_ toward the raising of +a _Storm_; Your _Unity_ in _Opposition_, and in _nothing Else_: your +_Clamours_, and _Invectives_ against _Priests_, and _Jesuits_, when it +is the Church of _England_ yet, that feels the _Last effect_ of your +_Sacrilegious Rage_. 'Tis not so much the _Officers_ of the Church, and +State, that are _Popishly Affected_, but the _Offices_ Themselves; and +Those in the first place (as you chuse your _Sins_ too) that are most +_Beneficiall_. To say nothing of your wild _Impostures_ upon the +_Multitude_.---- + +_Citt._ Now you talk of _Impostures_, what do you think of _L'Estrange's +History of the P L O T_, and his _Answer to the A P P E A L_? Whether +are Those Pamphlets, _Impostures_ upon the _Multitude_, or _Not_? + +_True._ You were saying e'en now, That _The History of the Damnable +Popish Plot_ was of your Writing; Answer me That Question, First; Was it +so, or not? + +_Citt._ No, it was not of my Writing; It was done by a +_Protestant-Club_. + +_True._ Why then let me tell ye, if a man may believe the _Preface_ to +That _Club-History_, or the _Notes_ upon the _Answer to the Appeal_ (for +I have read them all:) _L'Estrange's Pamphlets_ are great abuses upon +the _People_: But if you had the Books about ye, the matter were easily +clear'd by comparing them. + +_Citt._ By good luck we have 'um all about us, that can any way concern +this Question. And look ye here now. + + + Reflexions upon _L'Estrange_. + +First, _He calls his_ Abridgement _of the_ Tryals, _The_ History _of +the_ Plot, _without mentioning one word of the Original Contrivance, the +Preparatives, manner of Discovery, and other Remarkables essential to a_ +History. + +2. _He omits_ Staly's _and_ Reading's Tryals, _which yet sure had +Relation to the_ Plot. + +3. _In his_ Epistle, _he seems to drown the_ Popish Plot _with +suggestions of an_ Imaginary One _of the_ Protestants. + +4. _The amusing People with such Stories, is notoriously a Part of the_ +Grand Popish Designe. + +5. _Whereas he tells us, that not one_ Material Point _is omitted, most +Readers cannot finde the substantial part of Mr._ Bedloes _Evidence +against_ Wakeman, _(P. 46 of the Tryall) So much as hinted at: Not to +mention the gross shuffles, and Omissions in_ Pag. 77, _and elsewhere._ + +6. _He charges the_ Printed Tryals (_in his FREEBORN SUBIECT_ P. 15.) +_with many_ Gross Incoherences, _and very_ Material mistakes; _yet +Instances but_ One, _and corrected too, as an_ Erratum. + +7. _When Our Posterity shall urge these Tryals for proof against_ +Papists, _how easily may the subtle Villains stop their Mouths, by +alledging from this Authour that_ no heed is to be given to the said +Tryals; _(being so publickly own'd by a Person of his Note, and Late +Qualification) to be guilty of so many, and such very_ Material +Mistakes. + + + The Fore going Reflections Answer'd. + +_True._ Observe here, _First L'Estrange_ expounds his _History_ in the +_Title Page_, by restraining it to the _Charge_ and _Defence_ of _the +Persons there mentioned_: Beside that he calls it an _Historical +Abstract_, and a _Summary_, in his _Epistle_. + +2. _Staleys Trial_ had no Relation at all to the _Plot_, and _Reading_ +was not Try'd for's _Life_; and so not within the Compass of his +intention exprest in the _Preface_. + +3. The _Epistle_ acknowledges a _Detestable Plot_, and a _Conspiracy_: +but advises _Moderation_, and that the _Rabble_ may not dictate Laws to +_Authority_; for _that Licence_ was the Cause of the _Late Rebellion_. + +4. It was more then a _Story_, the _Murther_ of the _Late King_, and the +_Subversion_ of the Government, and the _suppressing_ of these +_Necessary Hints_, and _Cautions_ is notoriously a part of the _Grand +Phanatical Design_. + +5. In _L'Estranges History_ here _Pag._ 79 and 80. there's every +particular of Mr. _Bedloes_ Evidence in Sir _George Wakemans Tryal, +Pag._ 46. with many other passages over and above: whereas your +_Damnable History_ here _Pag._ 295. falls short at least by One Half. +And then for the _shuffles_, and _Omissions_ reflected upon, _Pag._ 77. +see _L'Estranges Words, Pag._ 88. _The Lord Chief Justice_ (says he) +_after some Remarkes upon the_ Romish Principles, _summ'd up the +Evidence, and gave Directions to the Jury:_ which is the substance of +the _Page_ cited in the _Preface_. Touching your _Elsewhere_, it is in +plain _English, No where_. + +6. Look ye, here's more Juggling. He says S E V E R A L _Gross +Incoherences_, and you have made them M A N Y: and then you have left +out the _Parenthesis_, (_especially in the Latter of them_) which varies +the Case too. And I remember again, that the _Erratum_ was supply'd +after _L'Estrange_ had _corrected_ it: And sure it was a Gross one too, +to expose a _Protestant Gentleman_ for a _Papist, Nine times_ in _two +Pages_. I could shew ye several other _Material Mistakes_, but One shall +serve for _all. Pag._ 45. (as I take it) of _Irelands Tryal_; which you +will finde charg'd upon the Press, in _L'Estranges History, Pag._ 18. + +7. Pray'e mark me now: _L'Estrange_ findes _Errours_ of the _Press_ in +the _Other Tryals_ and _Rectifies_ them, in his _Own_: Now if Posterity +shall finde in the _Right_, that the _Other_ are _wrong_, they are in no +danger of being _Misled_ by the _One_, in what is _Corrected_ by the +_Other_: And if they do not read the _Right Copy_ at all, there's no +harm done to the Other, but they must take it as they finde it. So that +this _Remark_ is so far from _Disparaging_ the _Proceedings_, that a +greater Right can hardly be done to _Publick Justice_ by a _Pamphlet_. +But now let the _Epistle_ speak for it _self_. + + + + +To the READER. + + The Epistle to L'Estrange's History of the Plot. + +There has not been any point, perhaps, in the whole Tract of _English +Story_, either so dangerous to be mistaken in, or so difficult, and yet +so necessary to be understood, as the Mystery of this detestable _Plot_ +now in Agitation. (A Judgement for our Sins, augmented by our Follies,) +But the world is so miserably divided betwixt some that will believe +every thing, and others nothing that not only _Truth_, but +_Christianity_ it self is almost lost between them; and no place left +for Sobriety and Moderation. We are come to govern our selves by Dreams +and Imaginations; We make every _Coffee-house Tale_ an Article of our +Faith; and from Incredible Fables we raise Invincible Arguments. A man +must be fierce and violent to get the Reputation of being +_Well-affected_; as if the calling of one another _Damned Heretique_, +and _Popish Dog_, were the whole Sum of the Controversie. And what's all +this, but the effect of a Popular Licence and Appeal? When every +Mercenary Scribler shall take upon him to handle matters of Faith, and +State; give Laws to Princes; and every Mechanique sit Judge upon the +Government! Were not these the very Circumstances of the late _Times_? +When the Religious Jugglers from all Quarters fell in with the Rabble, +and managed them, as it were, by a certain sleight of hand: The _Rods_ +were turned into _Serpents_ on both sides, and the Multitude not able to +say, which was _Aaron_, and which the _Enchanter_. Let us have a Care of +the same Incantation over again, Are we not under the protection of a +Lawfull Authority? Nor was there ever any thing more narrowly Sifted, or +more vigorously discouraged, then this _Conspiracy_. _Reformation_ is +the proper business of _Government_ and _Council_, but when it comes to +work once at the wrong End, there is nothing to be expected from it, but +_Tumult_ and _Convulsion_. A Legal and Effectual provision against the +Danger of _Romish Practices_ and _Errours_, will never serve Their Turn, +whose Quarrel is barely to the _Name_ of _Popery_, without understanding +the Thing it self. And if there were not a _Roman Catholick_ left in the +three Kingdoms, they would be never the better satisfied, for where they +cannot find Popery, they will make it: nay and be troubled too that they +could not _find_ it. It is no new thing for a Popular Outcry, in the +matter of _Religion_, to have a _State-Faction_ in the belly of it. The +first late Clamour was against _Downright Popery_; and then came on +_Popishly Affected_; (_That_ sweeps all.) The _Order of Bishops_, _and +the Discipline of the Church_ took their Turns next; and the next blow +was at the _Crown_ it self; when every Man was made a _Papist_ that +would not play the Knave and the Fool, for Company, with the Common +People. + +These things duly weighed, and considering the Ground of our present +Distempers; the Compiler of this Abridgment reckoned that he could not +do his Countrymen a better Office, than (by laying before them the naked +state of things) to give them at one view, a Prospect, both of the +subject matter of their Apprehensions, and of the Vigilance, Zeal, and +needful severity of the Government on their behalf. To which end, he +hath here drawn up an _Historical Abstract_ of the whole matter of Fact +concerning those Persons who have hitherto been Tryed for their Lives, +either upon the _Plot_ it self, or in Relation to it: opposing +Authentick Records to wandring Rumours; and delivering the _Truth_ in +all Simplicity. He hath not omitted any one material Point: There is not +so much as one _Partial Stroke_ in it; not a flourish, nor any thing but +a bare and plain _Collection_, without any Tincture either of Credulity, +or Passion. And it is brought into so narrow a Compass too, that it will +ease the Readers _head_, as well as his _purse_; by clearing him of the +puzzle of _Forms_, and _Interlocutories_. that serve only to amuse and +mislead a man, by breaking the Order, and confounding the Relative parts +of the _Proceeding_. + +Having this in Contemplation; and being at the same time possest of a +most exact _Summary_ of all passages here in Question; This Reporter was +only to cast an Extract of these Notes into a Method: especially +finding, that upon comparing the substance of his own papers, with the +most warrantable Prints that have been published; his own _Abstract_ +proved to be not only every jot as Correct, but much more Intelligible, +which being _short_ and _full_; he thought might be useful, and find +Credit in the world upon its own account, without need of a _Voucher_. + + _L'Estranges_ Narrative Justify'd. + + His Adversary detected + + A Bold and senceless libel + +_True._ You have now the whole matter before you; the _Epistle_, ye see, +justifies it self: And then for the _Narrative_, I dare undertake he +shall yield up the Cause, if you can but produce any _One Material +Point_, which he hath either _Falsify'd_, _Palliated_, or _Omitted_, in +the whole _Proceeding_. But to be plain with you, _Citt_, One of the +_Authours_ of _your Preface_ is a _Common setter_, _a Forger of Hands_, +_a little spy_ upon the _Swan_ in _Fishstreet_; a _Hackny Sollicitor_ +against both _Church_ and _State_: You know this to be true _Citt_; and +that I do not speak upon Guess; so that _Calumny_, and _False +Witnessing_ is the best part of that _Authours Trade_. And then the +_pretended History_ is a direct _Arraignment_ of the _Government_. He +takes up the _King_ and _Council_, _Pag._ 381. reflects upon the +_Judges_ in the very _Contents_, and elsewhere; he descants upon the +_Duke of York_ in opposition to the express sense and declaration of the +_Bench_, _Pag._ 145. and has the confidence yet to Dedicate this +_Gally-mawfry_ of audacious _slanders_ to _the Two Houses of +Parliament_. There is little more in the whole, then what has been +eaten and spew'd up again Thirty times over: and the intire work is only +a _Medly_ of _Rags_, and _Solacisms_, pick'd up out of _Rubbish_, and +most suitably put together. + + +_Citt._ You may take his part as ye please, But there's a Famous +_Lecturer_ charg'd him Publiquely for _Popery_, in his _Answer_ to the +_Appeal_; and for falling upon Dr. _Lloyd_. + + _L'Estrange_ charg'd as a Papist, by a Certain Lecturer. + +_True._ He did so; but at the same time that _Lecturer_ found no fault +with the _Appeal it self_; and the best on't is, his _Tongue's_ no more +a slander then his _Pen_: And whoever reads what he has written +concerning the _Late King_, and the _Episcopal Church_, will think never +the worse of _L'Estrange_ for what he says. Now for the _Reverend Dean +of Bangor_, I dare say he never _spake_, or _thought_ of him, but with +_Veneration_. Let me see the book. + + The Ground of his Accusation. + +Look, ye here, 'tis _pag._ 18. in _L'Estrange's Impression_, and 'tis +_pag._ 15. in _this_; and here's the Point [_Their Loyalty and Good +service paid to the King_ (says the _Appealer_ speaking of the Papists) +_was meerly in their own Defence_.] Now see _L'Estrange's Reply_ upon +it, _If it lies_ (says he) _as a_ Reproach _upon them that they did then +not serve the King out of_ Loyalty; _that which they_ did, _was yet +better then_ not serving _him_ at all; _and better in a Higher degree_ +still, _then_ Fighting against _him_. And a little after. _It is worth +the Observation, that not a man drew his Sword in the opposite Cause who +was not a_ Known Separatist; _and that on the Other side, not one_ +Schismatick _ever struck stroke in the_ Kings Quarrell. + +And now for your Notes upon his Answer, they are so silly, that it were +Ridiculous to Reply upon 'um [_who knows_ (says he) _but the Regicides +were Papists in disguise_, _pag._ 19.] And a deal of such senselesse +stuff; enough to turn a bodies Stomach. And if you'd inform your self of +his Malice; look ye here _pag._ 4. _p._ 9. and _p._ 33 how he Palliates, +if not Justifies, the Late Rebellion, the Murther of the Arch-Bishop of +St. _Andrews_, and the drawing of the Sword against the King. + +Briefly, 'tis an _Insipid Bawling_ piece of _Foolery_, from One end to +the Other. And it is not but that I highly approve of your _Zeal_ for +the Discovery of the _Plot_, and Suppressing of _Popery_, but we are not +yet to Trample upon _Laws_, and _Publique Orders_, for the attaining +even of those Glorious ends. + +But now I think on't; deal freely with me; did you really go to the +_Registers_ ye spake of, to furnish _Names_ for your _Subscriptions_? + +_Citt._ No; That was but a _Flourish_: but all the Rest we _Literally_ +did. + + A gross Cheat upon the Nation. + +_True._ Are not you Conscious to your selves of your Iniquities? who +made _You_ a _Commissioner_ for the _Town_, or _You_ for the _Country_? +But we are like to have a fine business of it, when the _Dreggs_ of the +_People_ set up for the _Representatives_ of the _Nation_; to the +Dishonour of the most _Considerable_, and Sober part of the _Kingdome_. +Pre'thee _Bumpkin_, with thy _Poles_, and _Baltiques_, how shouldst thou +come to understand the _Ballance_ of _Empires_? who are _Delinquents_, +and who _not_? the Right of _Bishops Votes_? And _You_ (forsooth) are to +Teach the _King_ when to call a _Parliament_, and when to let it alone. +And are not you a fine Fool i'the mean time, to Drudg for the Faction +that Sets ye on, to be afterwards made a slave for your pains? + + Lewd Practises of the Faction. + +And then for You, _Citt_, with your _Mouldy Records_, your _Coordinate +Estates_, and your _Sovereign Power of the People_. Do not I know all +your Fallacies, your Shifts, and Hiding-holes? There's not one step you +set, but I can trace you in't: You have your _Spies_ upon all +_Libraries_, as well as _Conversations_; your _Agents_ for the procuring +of old _Manuscripts_, and _Records_, and for the _Falsifying_ of _New +ones_, to make them look like _Old Ones_. Nay, the _Papers_ of _State_ +themselves had much ado to scape ye. Those that assert the _Just Rights_ +of the _Crown_, you either _Bury_ or _Conceal_; only Publishing the +_Presidents_ of _Seditious Times_, in Vindication of such Principles. + +_Citt._ I must confess I take the _Government_ to be _Coordinate_, and +the _King One_ of the _Three Estates_, with submission to be better +inform'd. + + Against Coordination. + +_True._ If it be so, how comes it that the House of _Commons_ even in +their most Popular seasons, have still own'd the Crown of _England_ to +be _Imperial_? How comes it that all our _Laws_ are call'd the _Kings +Laws_: all our _Courts of Justice_ his _Majesties Courts_, and all +_Publick Causes_ try'd in the _Kings Name_, and by the _Authority_ of +his _Majesty_? + +_Citt._ But have not the _Two Houses_ their share in the _Legislative +Power_? + + It is the sanction makes the Law, not the Consent. + +_True._ You must distinguish betwixt the _Consent_, and the _Sanction_; +the _Preparatory_ Part is _Their's_, the _Stamp_ is the _Kings_: The Two +_Houses_ Consent to a _Bill_; It is only a _Bill_, when it is +_presented_, and it remains yet a _Bill_, even when the King has +_Consented_ to it; and in this _Common Consent_, in Order to a _Law_, +the _Two Houses_ may be said to _share_ with his _Majesty_: But then the +_Fiat_, that superinduces an _Authority_, and is _Only_, and _Properly_ +the Act of _Legislation_, is _singly_ in the _King_. So that though they +_share_ in the _Consent_, they have no pretence at all to the +_Sanction_: which is an Act of _Authority_; the other but of +_Agreement_. + + The Inconveniences of a Coordination supposed. + +And yet again, admitting your _Coordination_; First, every King runs the +hazzard of his Crown upon every Parliament he calls: For _That Third +Estate_ lies at the Mercy of the _Other Two_: And further, 'tis a kinde +of Ringing the Changes with the Government, the _King_ and _Lords_ shall +be Uppermost _One day_, the _King_ and _Commons_, _Another_, and the +_Lords_ and _Commons_, the _Third_: For in this Scale of Constitution +whatsoever the _One_ will _not_, the _Other Two_, _may_. + +_Citt._ Well, but Ours is a MIXT Government, and we are a _Free People_. + + Of a mixt Government and a Qualify'd. + +_True._ If ours be a _Mixt Government_, so as to any _Popular +Participation_ of _Power_ with the _King_, then it is not a _Monarchy_: +(which is the _Government Only_ of _One_) but if you'l call it a +_Qualifi'd Government_; so as to distinguish it from an _Absolute_ and +_Unlimited Government_, I'le agree with you. But let the _Government_ be +_what_ it will, and _where_ it will, let it do _Right_ or _Wrong_, it is +_Equally Unaccountable_, for there lies no _Appeal_, but to a +_Superiour_, and the _Supreme_ has _none_ but _God Himself_. + +_Citt._ But if we be a _Free People_, have not _We_ as much _Right_ to +_Our Liberties_, as the _King_ has to _his Crown_? + +_True._ Yes, we have, but the King has this Advantage of us, that _We_ +may _Forfeit_ our _Liberties_ but _He_ cannot forfeit his _Crown_. + +_Citt._ What if a _King_ will Transgresse all the Laws of _God_ and +_Man_? may not the _People_ resume their _Trust_? + + Power is from God, not from the People. + + Soveraignty of the People most ridiculous. + +_True._ No, not unlesse you can produce an expresse _stipulation_ to +_That very purpose_. But let me shew you, First, the Errour of taking +That to be a _Trust_ from the _People_, which, in truth, is an +_Ordinance_ of _Providence_, For _All Power is from God_; And Secondly, +the _Absurdity_ of the very _Supposition_, even in the Case of a Trust +conferr'd by the People. If the _King breaks_ his _Trust_, the _People +Resume_ it: but _who_ are These _People_? If a _Representative_, they +are but _Trustees Themselves_, and may incur a _Forfeiture_ too, by the +same Argument. Where are we next then? For if it devolves to the _Loose +Multitude_ of _Individuals_, (which you will have to be the Fountain of +_Power_) you are Then in an _Anarchy_, without any Government at all; +and There you must either Continue in a _Dissociated State_, or else +agree upon _Uniting_ into some Form of _Regiment_, or other: and whether +it be _Monarchy_, _Aristocracy_, or _Democracy_, it comes all to a +Point. If you make the _Government Accountable_ upon every Humour of the +_People_, it lapses again into a _Confusion_. To say nothing of the +ridiculous phansy of a _Sovereignty_ in the _People_ upon This Account; +that they can never be so brought together either to _Establish_ or to +_Dissolve_ a _Government_, as to authorize it to be the _Peoples Act_. +For there must be, _First_, an _Agreement_ to _Meet_ and _Consult_. +_Secondly_, an _Agreement_ upon the _Result_ of That _Debate_; and any +_One Dissenter_ spoils all, where every _Individuall_ has an _Equall +Right_: So that unlesse the People be all of the same minde, This +Supposition will be found wholly Impractible and Idle. + +_Citt._ But is there no Fence then against _Tyranny_? + +_True._ Only _Patience_, unless you run into _Anarchy_, and then into +that which you call _Tyranny_ again; and so tread Eternally that Circle +of _Rigour_ and _Confusion_. _In fine_, the Question is this, whether +people had better run _Certainly_ into _Confusion_ to avoid a _Possible +Tyranny_, or venture a _Possible Tyranny_, to avoid a _Certain +Confusion_. + +_Citt._ But where we finde _Positive Law_ and _Provisions_ to _fail_ us, +may we not in those Cases, betake our selves to the _Laws_ of _Nature_ +and _Self-Preservation_? + + Self-preservation is no Plea for the People. + +_True._ No, ye may not; for many Reasons. First, it makes you _Judges_; +not only _when_ those Laws take Place, but also _what_ they _are_. +Secondly, the _Government_ is _Dissolved_, if Subjects may go off or on +at pleasure. Thirdly, _Self-Preservation_ is the Plea only of +_Individuals_; and there can be no Colour for the exposing of the +_Publick_ in favour of _Particulars_. What would ye think of a _Common +Seaman_ that in a _Storm_ should throw the _Steers-man Overboard_, and +set himself at the _Helm_? Or of a _Souldier_ that shou'd refuse a +_Dangerous Post_ for fear of being knock'd on the Head, when the _whole +Army_, depends upon the Maintaining of _That Pass_. + +_Citt._ Pray'e tell me what it is that you call _Government_, and how +far it _extends_? for you were saying even now, that the _Reason_ of +_all Governments_ is _alike_. + + What Government is. + + Certain Priviledges essential to Government. + +_True._ _Government is the_ Will, _and_ Power _of a_ Multitude, _United +in some One Person, or More, for the Good, and safety of the whole._ You +must not take it that _all Governments_ are _alike_; but the _Ratio_ of +_all Governments_ is the _same_ in some Cases. As in the Instance of +_Self-Preservation_; which is only Pleadable by the _Supream +Magistrate_, in Bar to all _General Exceptions_; for he is First, +presumed in Reason, to be vested with all _Powers necessary_ for the +_Defence_, and _Protection_ of the _Community_: without which his +Authority is Vain. He is Secondly, Oblig'd in _Duty_ to exert those +_Powers_ for the _Common Good_: and he is Thirdly, entrusted with the +Judgment of all _Exigences_ of _State_, be they _Greater_ or _Lesse_; +wherein the Publick Good may be concern'd. Now put the Case that a +Magistrate should make a wrong _Judgment_ of Matters, and misemploy +those _Powers_; it were an Infelicity in the _Administration_; but the +_Sacredness_ of _Authority_ is still the same: And he is a Mad man, that +plucks down his _House_, because it rains in at the _Window_. And in +case of the _Magistrate_, it is not so much _He_, as _They_; for the +_King_ is (as I said before) the _United Power_ and _Will_ of the +_People_. And so Fare ye well. + + +_The End._ + + + + +Transcribers Note + +1. 'Fraudulant' changed to 'Fraudulent'. (Introdution) +2. 'deux ex machina' changed to 'deus ex machina'. (Introdution) +3. Closing bracket inserted. (The mean ways of promoting their Designs.) +4. Possibly this should be 'Gaols' rather than 'Goals'. (The way of getting hands in and about _London_.) +5. Possibly this should be 'Gaol' rather than 'Goal'. (A Salvo for a Lye.) +6. 'Dop' should read 'Drop'. (Consciences of State or Interest.) +7. 'original' changed to 'Origin'. (PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT 1964-1965- 109.) + +_Errata._ (From the original, these errors have been corrected) +Page 1. line 24. for _his_, reade _this_. +p. 3. l. 27. for _Religion_ r. _Religions_; +p.11 l. 25. for _Hands_, r. _Heads_. +p.22. l. 9. for _on all_ r. _on to all_. + + + + +THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + +_WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY_ +University of California, Los Angeles + + +PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + +1948-1949 + + +15. John Oldmixon, _Reflections on Dr. Swift's Letter to Harley_ ... +(1712) and _A. Mainwaring's The British Academy_ ... (1712). + +17. Nicholas Rowe, _Some Account of the Life of Mr. William Shakespeare_ +(1709). + + +1949-1950 + +22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749) and two +_Rambler_ papers (1750). + +23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681). + + +1950-1951 + +26. Charles Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1792). + + +1951-1952 + +31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Church-yard_ (1751); and +The Eton College Manuscript. + + +1960-1961 + +85-6. Essays on the Theatre from Eighteenth-Century Periodicals. + +90. Henry Needler, _Works_ (1728). + + +1961-1962 + +93. John Norris, _Cursory Reflections Upon a Book Call'd, An Essay +Concerning Human Understanding_ (1960) + +94. An. Collins, _Divine Songs and Meditacions_ (1653). + +95. _An Essay on the New Species of Writing Founded by Mr. Fielding_ +(1751). + +96. Hanoverian Ballads. + + +1962-1963 + +97. Myles Davies, Selections from _Athenae Britannicae_ (1716-1719). + +98. _Select Hymns Taken Out of Mr. Herbert's Temple_ (1697). + +99. Simon Patrick, _A Brief Account of the New Sect of Latitude Men_ +(1662). + +100. Simon Patrick, _A Brief Account of the New Sect of Latitude Men_ +(1662). + +101-2. Richard Hurd, _Letters on Chivalry and Romance_ (1762). + + +1963-1964 + +103. Samuel Richardson, _Clarissa: Preface, Hints of Prefaces, and +Postscript_. + +104. Thomas D'Urfey, _Wonders in the Sun, or, the Kingdom of the Birds_ +(1706). + +105. Bernard Mandeville, _An Enquiry into the Causes of the Frequent +Executions at Tyburn_ (1725). + +106. Daniel Defoe, _A Brief History of the Poor Palatine Refugees_ +(1709). + +107-8. John Oldmixon, _An Essay on Criticism_ (1728). + + +1964-1965 + +109. Sir William Temple, _An Essay upon the Origin and Nature of +Government_ (1680). + +110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700). + +111. Anonymous, _Political Justice. A Poem_ (1736). + +112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764). + +113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_ (1680). + +114. Two Poems Against Pope: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A. +Pope_ (1730); Anonymous, _The Blatant Beast_ (1740). + + + + +William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California, Los +Angeles + +The Augustan Reprint Society + + +_General Editors_: Earl Miner, University of California, Los Angeles; +Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence +Clark Powell, Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library + +_Corresponding Secretary_: Mrs. Edna C. Davis, Wm. Andrews Clark +Memorial Library + + +The Society's purpose is to publish reprints (usually facsimile +reproductions) of rare seventeenth and eighteenth century works. All +income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and +mailing. + +Correspondence concerning subscriptions in the United States and Canada +should be addressed to the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 2205 +West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. 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