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You may copy it, give it away or re-use + it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License <a href= + "#pglicense" class="tei tei-ref">included with this eBook</a> or + online at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license" class= + "tei tei-xref">http://www.gutenberg.org/license</a></p> + </div> + <pre class="pre tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> +Title: Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England + +Author: Bede + +Release Date: December 17, 2011 [Ebook #38326] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEDE'S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND*** +</pre> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"></div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.73em"><span style= + "font-size: 173%">Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style= + "font-size: 120%">A Revised Translation</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style= + "font-size: 120%">With Introduction, Life, and Notes</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style= + "font-size: 120%">By</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.44em"><span style= + "font-size: 144%">A. M. Sellar</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style= + "font-size: 120%">Late Vice-Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, + Oxford</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">London</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">George Bell and Sons</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">1907</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Contents</span></h1> + + <ul class="tei tei-index tei-index-toc"> + <li><a href="#toc1">Editor's Preface</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc3">Introduction</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc5">Life Of Bede</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc7">Errata</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc9">Preface</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc11">Book I</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc13">Chap. I. Of the + Situation of Britain and Ireland, and of their ancient + inhabitants.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc15">Chap. II. How Caius + Julius Caesar was the first Roman that came into Britain.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc17">Chap. III. How + Claudius, the second of the Romans who came into Britain, brought + the islands Orcades into subjection to the Roman empire; and + Vespasian, sent by him, reduced the Isle of Wight under the + dominion of the Romans.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc19">Chap. IV. How Lucius, + king of Britain, writing to Pope Eleutherus, desired to be made a + Christian.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc21">Chap. V. How the + Emperor Severus divided from the rest by a rampart that part of + Britain which had been recovered.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc23">Chap. VI. Of the + reign of Diocletian, and how he persecuted the Christians.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc25">Chap. VII. The + Passion of St. Alban and his companions, who at that time shed + their blood for our Lord.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc27">Chap. VIII. How, when + the persecution ceased, the Church in Britain enjoyed peace till + the time of the Arian heresy.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc29">Chap. IX. How during + the reign of Gratian, Maximus, being created Emperor in Britain, + returned into Gaul with a mighty army.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc31">Chap. X. How, in the + reign of Arcadius, Pelagius, a Briton, insolently impugned the + Grace of God.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc33">Chap. XI. How during + the reign of Honorius, Gratian and Constantine were created tyrants + in Britain; and soon after the former was slain in Britain, and the + latter in Gaul.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc35">Chap. XII. How the + Britons, being ravaged by the Scots and Picts, sought succour from + the Romans, who coming a second time, built a wall across the + island; but when this was broken down at once by the aforesaid + enemies, they were reduced to greater distress than + before.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc37">Chap. XIII. How in + the reign of Theodosius the younger, in whose time Palladius was + sent to the Scots that believed in Christ, the Britons begging + assistance of Ætius, the consul, could not obtain it. [446 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc39">Chap. XIV. How the + Britons, compelled by the great famine, drove the barbarians out of + their territories; and soon after there ensued, along with + abundance of corn, decay of morals, pestilence, and the downfall of + the nation.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc41">Chap. XV. How the + Angles, being invited into Britain, at first drove off the enemy; + but not long after, making a league with them, turned their weapons + against their allies.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc43">Chap. XVI. How the + Britons obtained their first victory over the Angles, under the + command of Ambrosius, a Roman.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc45">Chap. XVII. How + Germanus the Bishop, sailing into Britain with Lupus, first quelled + the tempest of the sea, and afterwards that of the Pelagians, by + Divine power. [429 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc47">Chap. XVIII. How the + some holy man gave sight to the blind daughter of a tribune, and + then coming to St. Alban, there received of his relics, and left + other relics of the blessed Apostles and other martyrs. [429 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc49">Chap. XIX. How the + same holy man, being detained there by sickness, by his prayers + quenched a fire that had broken out among the houses, and was + himself cured of his infirmity by a vision. [429 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc51">Chap. XX. How the + same Bishops brought help from Heaven to the Britons in a battle, + and then returned home. [430 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc53">Chap. XXI. How, when + the Pelagian heresy began to spring up afresh, Germanus, returning + to Britain with Severus, first restored bodily strength to a lame + youth, then spiritual health to the people of God, having condemned + or converted the Heretics. [447 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc55">Chap. XXII. How the + Britons, being for a time at rest from foreign invasions, wore + themselves out by civil wars, and at the same time gave themselves + up to more heinous crimes.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc57">Chap. XXIII. How the + holy Pope Gregory sent Augustine, with other monks, to preach to + the English nation, and encouraged them by a letter of exhortation, + not to desist from their labour. [596 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc59">Chap. XXIV. How he + wrote to the bishop of Arles to entertain them. [596 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc61">Chap. XXV. How + Augustine, coming into Britain, first preached in the Isle of + Thanet to the King of Kent, and having obtained licence from him, + went into Kent, in order to preach therein. [597 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc63">Chap. XXVI. How St. + Augustine in Kent followed the doctrine and manner of life of the + primitive Church, and settled his episcopal see in the royal city. + [597 <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc65">Chap. XXVII. How St. + Augustine, being made a bishop, sent to acquaint Pope Gregory with + what had been done in Britain, and asked and received replies, of + which he stood in need. [597-601 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc67">Chap. XXVIII. How + Pope Gregory wrote to the bishop of Arles to help Augustine in the + work of God. [601 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc69">Chap. XXIX. How the + same Pope sent to Augustine the Pall and a letter, along with + several ministers of the Word. [601 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc71">Chap. XXX. A copy of + the letter which Pope Gregory sent to the Abbot Mellitus, then + going into Britain. [601 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc73">Chap. XXXI. How Pope + Gregory, by letter, exhorted Augustine not to glory in his + miracles. [601 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc75">Chap. XXXII. How Pope + Gregory sent letters and gifts to King Ethelbert. [601 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc77">Chap. XXXIII. How + Augustine repaired the church of our Saviour, and built the + monastery of the blessed Peter the Apostle; and concerning Peter + the first abbot of the same.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc79">Chap. XXXIV. How + Ethelfrid, king of the Northumbrians, having vanquished the nations + of the Scots, expelled them from the territories of the English. + [603 <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc81">Book II</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc83">Chap. I. Of the death + of the blessed Pope Gregory. [604 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc85">Chap. II. How + Augustine admonished the bishops of the Britons on behalf of + Catholic peace, and to that end wrought a heavenly miracle in their + presence; and of the vengeance that pursued them for their + contempt. [<span style="font-style: italic">Circ.</span> 603 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc87">Chap. III. How St. + Augustine made Mellitus and Justus bishops; and of his death. [604 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc89">Chap. IV. How + Laurentius and his bishops admonished the Scots to observe the + unity of the Holy Church, particularly in keeping of Easter; and + how Mellitus went to Rome.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc91">Chap. V. How, after + the death of the kings Ethelbert and Sabert, their successors + restored idolatry; for which reason, both Mellitus and Justus + departed out of Britain. [616 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc93">Chap. VI. How + Laurentius, being reproved by the Apostle Peter, converted King + Eadbald to Christ; and how the king soon recalled Mellitus and + Justus to preach the Word. [617-618 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc95">Chap. VII. How Bishop + Mellitus by prayer quenched a fire in his city. [619 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc97">Chap. VIII. How Pope + Boniface sent the Pall and a letter to Justus, successor to + Mellitus. [624 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc99">Chap. IX. Of the + reign of King Edwin, and how Paulinus, coming to preach the Gospel, + first converted his daughter and others to the mysteries of the + faith of Christ. [625-626 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc101">Chap. X. How Pope + Boniface, by letter, exhorted the same king to embrace the faith. + [<span style="font-style: italic">Circ.</span> 625 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc103">Chap. XI. How Pope + Boniface advised the king's consort to use her best endeavours for + his salvation. [<span style="font-style: italic">Circ.</span> 625 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc105">Chap. XII. How Edwin + was persuaded to believe by a vision which he had once seen when he + was in exile. [<span style="font-style: italic">Circ.</span> 616 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc107">Chap. XIII. Of the + Council he held with his chief men concerning their reception of + the faith of Christ, and how the high priest profaned his own + altars. [627 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc109">Chap. XIV. How King + Edwin and his nation became Christians; and where Paulinus baptized + them. [627 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc111">Chap. XV. How the + province of the East Angles received the faith of Christ. [627-628 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc113">Chap. XVI. How + Paulinus preached in the province of Lindsey; and of the character + of the reign of Edwin. [<span style= + "font-style: italic">Circ.</span> 628 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc115">Chap. XVII. How + Edwin received letters of exhortation from Pope Honorius, who also + sent the pall to Paulinus. [634 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc117">Chap. XVIII. How + Honorius, who succeeded Justus in the bishopric of Canterbury, + received the pall and letters from Pope Honorius. [634 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc119">Chap. XIX. How the + aforesaid Honorius first, and afterwards John, wrote letters to the + nation of the Scots, concerning the observance of Easter, and the + Pelagian heresy. [640 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc121">Chap. XX. How Edwin + being slain, Paulinus returned into Kent, and had the bishopric of + Rochester conferred upon him. [633 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc123">Book III</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc125">Chap. I. How King + Edwin's next successors lost both the faith of their nation and the + kingdom; but the most Christian King Oswald retrieved both. [633 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc127">Chap. II. How, among + innumerable other miracles of healing wrought by the wood of the + cross, which King Oswald, being ready to engage against the + barbarians, erected, a certain man had his injured arm healed. [634 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc129">Chap. III. How the + same king Oswald, asking a bishop of the Scottish nation, had Aidan + sent him, and granted him an episcopal see in the Isle of + Lindisfarne. [635 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc131">Chap. IV. When the + nation of the Picts received the faith of Christ. [565 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc133">Chap. V. Of the life + of Bishop Aidan. [635 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc135">Chap. VI. Of King + Oswald's wonderful piety and religion. [635-642 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc137">Chap. VII. How the + West Saxons received the Word of God by the preaching of Birinus; + and of his successors, Agilbert and Leutherius. [635-670 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc139">Chap. VIII. How + Earconbert, King of Kent, ordered the idols to be destroyed; and of + his daughter Earcongota, and his kinswoman Ethelberg, virgins + consecrated to God. [640 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc141">Chap. IX. How + miracles of healing have been frequently wrought in the place where + King Oswald was killed; and how, first, a traveller's horse was + restored and afterwards a young girl cured of the palsy. [642 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc143">Chap. X. How the + dust of that place prevailed against fire. [After 642 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc145">Chap. XI. How a + light from Heaven stood all night over his relics, and how those + possessed with devils were healed by them. [679-697 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc147">Chap. XII. How a + little boy was cured of a fever at his tomb.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc149">Chap. XIII. How a + certain person in Ireland was restored, when at the point of death, + by his relics.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc151">Chap. XIV. How on + the death of Paulinus, Ithamar was made bishop of Rochester in his + stead; and of the wonderful humility of King Oswin, who was cruelly + slain by Oswy. [644-651 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc153">Chap. XV. How Bishop + Aidan foretold to certain seamen that a storm would arise, and gave + them some holy oil to calm it. [Between 642 and 645 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc155">Chap. XVI. How the + same Aidan, by his prayers, saved the royal city when it was fired + by the enemy [Before 651 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc157">Chap. XVII. How a + prop of the church on which Bishop Aidan was leaning when he died, + could not be consumed when the rest of the Church was on fire; and + concerning his inward life. [651 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc159">Chap. XVIII. Of the + life and death of the religious King Sigbert. [<span style= + "font-style: italic">Circ.</span> 631 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc161">Chap. XIX. How Fursa + built a monastery among the East Angles, and of his visions and + sanctity, to which, his flesh remaining uncorrupted after death + bore testimony. [<span style="font-style: italic">Circ.</span> 633 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc163">Chap. XX. How, when + Honorius died, Deusdedit became Archbishop of Canterbury; and of + those who were at that time bishops of the East Angles, and of the + church of Rochester. [653 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc165">Chap. XXI. How the + province of the Midland Angles became Christian under King Peada. + [653 <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc167">Chap. XXII. How + under King Sigbert, through the preaching of Cedd, the East Saxons + again received the faith, which they had before cast off. [653 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc169">Chap. XXIII. How + Bishop Cedd, having a place for building a monastery given him by + King Ethelwald, consecrated it to the Lord with prayer and fasting; + and concerning his death. [659-664 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc171">Chap. XXIV. How when + King Penda was slain, the province of the Mercians received the + faith of Christ, and Oswy gave possessions and territories to God, + for building monasteries, as a thank offering for the victory + obtained. [655 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc173">Chap. XXV. How the + question arose about the due time of keeping Easter, with those + that came out of Scotland. [664 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc175">Chap. XXVI. How + Colman, being worsted, returned home; and Tuda succeeded him in the + bishopric; and of the state of the church under those teachers. + [664 <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc177">Chap. XXVII. How + Egbert, a holy man of the English nation, led a monastic life in + Ireland. [664 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc179">Chap. XXVIII. How, + when Tuda was dead, Wilfrid was ordained, in Gaul, and Ceadda, + among the West Saxons, to be bishops for the province of the + Northumbrians. [664 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc181">Chap. XXIX. How the + priest Wighard was sent from Britain to Rome, to be ordained + archbishop; of his death there, and of the letters of the Apostolic + Pope giving an account thereof. [667 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc183">Chap. XXX. How the + East Saxons, during a pestilence, returned to idolatry, but were + soon brought back from their error by the zeal of Bishop Jaruman. + [665 <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc185">Book IV</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc187">Chap. I. How when + Deusdedit died, Wighard was sent to Rome to receive the episcopate; + but he dying there, Theodore was ordained archbishop, and sent into + Britain with the Abbot Hadrian. [664-669 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc189">Chap. II. How + Theodore visited all places; how the Churches of the English began + to be instructed in the study of Holy Scripture, and in the + Catholic truth; and how Putta was made bishop of the Church of + Rochester in the room of Damianus. [669 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc191">Chap. III. How the + above-mentioned Ceadda was made Bishop of the province of Mercians. + Of his life, death, and burial. [669 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc193">Chap. IV. How Bishop + Colman, having left Britain, built two monasteries in the country + of the Scots; the one for the Scots, the other for the English whom + he had taken along with him. [667 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc195">Chap. V. Of the + death of the kings Oswy and Egbert, and of the synod held at the + place Herutford, in which Archbishop Theodore presided. [670-673 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc197">Chap. VI. How + Wynfrid being deposed, Sexwulf received his bishopric, and + Earconwald was made bishop of the East Saxons. [675 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc199">Chap. VII. How it + was indicated by a light from heaven where the bodies of the nuns + should be buried in the monastery of Berecingum. [675 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>?]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc201">Chap. VIII. How a + little boy, dying in the same monastery, called upon a virgin that + was to follow him; and how another nun, at the point of leaving her + body, saw some small part of the future glory. [675 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>?]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc203">Chap. IX. Of the + signs which were shown from Heaven when the mother of that + community departed this life. [675 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>?]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc205">Chap. X. How a blind + woman, praying in the burial-place of that monastery, was restored + to her sight. [675 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>?]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc207">Chap. XI. How Sebbi, + king of the same province, ended his life in a monastery. [694 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc209">Chap. XII. How + Haedde succeeded Leutherius in the bishopric of the West Saxons; + how Cuichelm succeeded Putta in the bishopric of the church of + Rochester, and was himself succeeded by Gebmund; and who were then + bishops of the Northumbrians. [673-681 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc211">Chap. XIII. How + Bishop Wilfrid converted the province of the South Saxons to + Christ. [681 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc213">Chap. XIV. How a + pestilence ceased through the intercession of King Oswald. [681-686 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc215">Chap. XV. How King + Caedwalla, king of the Gewissae, having slain Ethelwalch, wasted + that Province with cruel slaughter and devastation. [685 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc217">Chap. XVI. How the + Isle of Wight received Christian inhabitants, and two royal youths + of that island were killed immediately after Baptism. [686 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc219">Chap. XVII. Of the + Synod held in the plain of Haethfelth, Archbishop Theodore being + president. [680 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc221">Chap. XVIII. Of + John, the precentor of the Apostolic see, who came into Britain to + teach. [680 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc223">Chap. XIX. How Queen + Ethelthryth always preserved her virginity, and her body suffered + no corruption in the grave. [660-696 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc225">Chap. XX. A Hymn + concerning her.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc227">Chap. XXI. How + Bishop Theodore made peace between the kings Egfrid and Ethelred. + [679 <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc229">Chap. XXII. How a + certain captive's chains fell off when Masses were sung for him. + [679 <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc231">Chap. XXIII. Of the + life and death of the Abbess Hilda. [614-680 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc233">Chap. XXIV. That + there was in her monastery a brother, on whom the gift of song was + bestowed by Heaven. [680 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc235">Chap. XXV. Of the + vision that appeared to a certain man of God before the monastery + of the city Coludi was burned down.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc237">Chap. XXVI. Of the + death of the Kings Egfrid and Hlothere. [684-685 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc239">Chap. XXVII. How + Cuthbert, a man of God, was made bishop; and how he lived and + taught whilst still in the monastic life. [685 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc241">Chap. XXVIII. How + the same St. Cuthbert, living the life of an Anchorite, by his + prayers obtained a spring in a dry soil, and had a crop from seed + sown by the labour of his hands out of season. [676 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc243">Chap. XXIX. How this + bishop foretold that his own death was at hand to the anchorite + Herebert. [687 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc245">Chap. XXX. How his + body was found altogether uncorrupted after it had been buried + eleven years; and how his successor in the bishopric departed this + world not long after. [698 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc247">Chap. XXXI. Of one + that was cured of a palsy at his tomb.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc249">Chap. XXXII. Of one + who was lately cured of a disease in his eye at the relics of St. + Cuthbert.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc251">Book V</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc253">Chap. I. How + Ethelwald, successor to Cuthbert, leading a hermit's life, calmed a + tempest by his prayers when the brethren were in danger at sea. + [687-699 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc255">Chap. II. How Bishop + John cured a dumb man by his blessing. [687 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc257">Chap. III. How he + healed a sick maiden by his prayers. [705 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc259">Chap. IV. How he + healed a thegn's wife that was sick, with holy water.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc261">Chap. V. How he + likewise recalled by his prayers a thegn's servant from + death.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc263">Chap. VI. How, both + by his prayers and blessing, he recalled from death one of his + clerks, who had bruised himself by a fall.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc265">Chap. VII. How + Caedwalla, king of the West Saxons, went to Rome to be baptized; + and his successor Ini, also devoutly journeyed to the same + threshold of the holy Apostles. [688 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc267">Chap. VIII. How, + when Archbishop Theodore died, Bertwald succeeded him as + archbishop, and, among many others whom he ordained, he made the + learned Tobias bishop of the church of Rochester. [690 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc269">Chap. IX. How the + holy man, Egbert, would have gone into Germany to preach, but could + not; and how Wictbert went, but because he availed nothing, + returned into Ireland, whence he came. [Circ. 688 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc271">Chap. X. How + Wilbrord, preaching in Frisland, converted many to Christ; and how + his two companions, the Hewalds, suffered martyrdom. [690 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc273">Chap. XI. How the + venerable Suidbert in Britain, and Wilbrord at Rome, were ordained + bishops for Frisland. [692 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc275">Chap. XII. How one + in the province of the Northumbrians, rose from the dead, and + related many things which he had seen, some to be greatly dreaded + and some to be desired. [Circ. 696 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc277">Chap. XIII. How + another contrarywise before his death saw a book containing his + sins, which was shown him by devils. [704-709 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc279">Chap. XIV. How + another in like manner, being at the point of death, saw the place + of punishment appointed for him in Hell.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc281">Chap. XV. How divers + churches of the Scots, at the instance of Adamnan, adopted the + Catholic Easter; and how the same wrote a book about the holy + places. [703 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc283">Chap. XVI. The + account given in the aforesaid book of the place of our Lord's + Nativity, Passion, and Resurrection.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc285">Chap. XVII. What he + likewise wrote of the place of our Lord's Ascension, and the tombs + of the patriarchs.</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc287">Chap. XVIII. How the + South Saxons received Eadbert and Eolla, and the West Saxons, + Daniel and Aldhelm, for their bishops; and of the writings of the + same Aldhelm. [705 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc289">Chap. XIX. How + Coinred, king of the Mercians, and Offa, king of the East Saxons, + ended their days at Rome, in the monastic habit; and of the life + and death of Bishop Wilfrid. [709 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc291">Chap. XX. How + Albinus succeeded to the godly Abbot Hadrian, and Acca to Bishop + Wilfrid. [709 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc293">Chap. XXI. How the + Abbot Ceolfrid sent master-builders to the King of the Picts to + build a church, and with them an epistle concerning the Catholic + Easter and the Tonsure. [710 <span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc295">Chap. XXII. How the + monks of Hii, and the monasteries subject to them, began to + celebrate the canonical Easter at the preaching of Egbert. [716 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc297">Chap. XXIII. Of the + present state of the English nation, or of all Britain. [725-731 + <span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span>]</a></li> + + <li style="margin-left: 2em"><a href="#toc299">Chap. XXIV. + Chronological recapitulation of the whole work: also concerning the + author himself.</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc301">Continuation</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc303">Index</a></li> + + <li><a href="#toc305">Footnotes</a></li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-body" style= + "margin-bottom: 6.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagev">[pg v]</span><a name="Pgv" id="Pgv" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc1" id="toc1"></a> <a name="pdf2" id="pdf2"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Editor's Preface</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The English + version of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Ecclesiastical + History”</span> in the following pages is a revision of the + translation of Dr. Giles, which is itself a revision of the earlier + rendering of Stevens. In the present edition very considerable + alterations have been made, but the work of Dr. Giles remains the + basis of the translation. The Latin text used throughout is Mr. + Plummer's. Since the edition of Dr. Giles appeared in 1842, so much + fresh work on the subject has been done, and recent research has + brought so many new facts to light, that it has been found necessary + to rewrite the notes almost entirely, and to add a new introduction. + After the appearance of Mr. Plummer's edition of the Historical Works + of Bede, it might seem superfluous, for the present at least, to + write any notes at all on the <span class="tei tei-q">“Ecclesiastical + History.”</span> The present volume, however, is intended to fulfil a + different and much humbler function. There has been no attempt at any + original work, and no new theories are advanced. The object of the + book is merely to present in a short and convenient form the + substance of the views held by trustworthy authorities, and it is + hoped that it may be found useful by those students who have either + no time or no inclination to deal with more important works.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Among the books of + which most use has been made, are Mr. Plummer's edition of the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="pagevi">[pg vi]</span><a name="Pgvi" id="Pgvi" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Messrs. Mayor and Lumby's edition of + Books III and IV, Dr. Bright's <span class="tei tei-q">“Early English + Church History,”</span> and Dr. Hunt's <span class= + "tei tei-q">“History of the English Church from its foundation to the + Norman Conquest.”</span> Many of the articles in the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Dictionary of Christian Biography”</span> and the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Dictionary of Christian Antiquities,”</span> + Dr. Mason's <span class="tei tei-q">“Mission of St. + Augustine,”</span> Dr. Rhŷs's <span class="tei tei-q">“Celtic + Britain,”</span> and a number of other books, mentioned in the notes, + have been consulted.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For help received + in different ways I wish to express my gratitude to various + correspondents and friends. I am particularly indebted to Mr. Edward + Bell, who has kindly revised my proofs and made many valuable + suggestions. For information on certain points I have to thank the + Rev. Charles Plummer, Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, + Professor Lindsay of St. Andrews University, Miss Wordsworth, + Principal, and Miss Lodge, Vice-Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, + Oxford; and in a very special sense I wish to acknowledge my + obligations to Miss Paterson, Assistant Librarian at the University + Library, St. Andrews, whose unfailing kindness in verifying + references, and supplying me with books, has greatly lightened my + labours.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexix">[pg xix]</span><a name= + "Pgxix" id="Pgxix" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc3" id="toc3"></a> <a name="pdf4" id="pdf4"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Introduction</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There are, it has + been estimated, in England and on the Continent, in all about 140 + manuscripts of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Ecclesiastical + History.”</span> Of these, four date from the eighth century: the + Moore MS. (Cambridge), so called, because, after being sold by + auction in the reign of William III, it came into the possession of + Bishop Moore, who bequeathed it to the University of Cambridge; + Cotton, Tiberius A, xiv; Cotton, Tiberius C, ii; and the Namur MS. A + detailed account of these, as well as of a great number of other + manuscripts, will be found in Mr. Plummer's Introduction to his + edition of Bede's Historical Works. He has been the first to collate + the four oldest MSS., besides examining numerous others and collating + them in certain passages. He has pointed out that two of the MSS. + dating from the eighth century (the century in which Bede died), the + Moore MS. and Cotton, Tiberius A, xiv, point to a common original + which cannot be far removed from Bede's autograph. We are thus + brought very near to our author, and may have more than in most cases + the assurance that we have before us what he actually meant to + say.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The earliest + editions were printed on the Continent; the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“editio princeps”</span> is believed to date from 1475. A + number of editions followed in the sixteenth and seventeenth + centuries; the first in England was published by Abraham Whelock at + Cambridge in 1643-4. Smith's <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexx">[pg + xx]</span><a name="Pgxx" id="Pgxx" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + edition in 1722 marked a new era in the history of the book. It was + the first critical edition, the text being based on the Moore MS. + collated with three others, of which two were eighth century MSS.; + and succeeding editors, Stevenson (1841), Giles (1842), Hussey + (1846), the editor in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Monumenta + Historica Britannica”</span> (1848), Moberly (1869), Holder (1882), + base their work mainly on Smith's. Mr. Mayor and Mr. Lumby together + edited Books III and IV with excellent notes in 1878. Their text + <span class="tei tei-q">“reproduces exactly the Moore MS.”</span> + which they collated with some other Cambridge MSS. (cf. Mayor and + Lumby, Excursus II). In 1896 the Rev. C. Plummer published his + edition of Bede's Historical Works, the first critical edition since + Smith's, and <span class="tei tei-q">“the very first which exhibits + in an <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang= + "la"><span style="font-style: italic">apparatus + criticus</span></span> the various readings of the MSS. on which the + text is based.”</span> For the student of Bede this admirable book is + of the highest value, and the labours of all succeeding editors are + made comparatively light. Besides the most minute and accurate work + on the text, it contains a copious and interesting commentary and the + fullest references to the various sources upon which the editor has + drawn.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The first + translation of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Ecclesiastical + History”</span> is the Anglo-Saxon version, executed either by Alfred + himself or under his immediate supervision. Of this version Dr. + Hodgkin says: <span class="tei tei-q">“As this book had become a kind + of classic among churchmen, Alfred allowed himself here less liberty + than in some of his other translations. Some letters, epitaphs, and + similar documents are omitted, and there is an almost complete + erasure of the chapters relating to the wearisome Paschal + controversy. In other respects the king's translation seems to be a + fairly accurate reproduction of the original work.”</span> Mr. + Plummer, however, finds it <span class="tei tei-q">“very rarely + available for the settlement of minute differences of + reading.”</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxi">[pg + xxi]</span><a name="Pgxxi" id="Pgxxi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The first modern + English translation is Thomas Stapleton's (1565), published at + Antwerp. It is a controversial work, intended to point out to Queen + Elizabeth <span class="tei tei-q">“in how many and weighty pointes + the pretended refourmers of the Church ... have departed from the + patern of that sounde and Catholike faith planted first among + Englishmen by holy S. Augustin, our Apostle, and his vertuous + company, described truly and sincerely by Venerable Bede, so called + in all Christendom for his passing vertues and rare lerning, the + Author of this History.”</span> To save Elizabeth's time <span class= + "tei tei-q">“in espying out the particulars,”</span> the translator + has <span class="tei tei-q">“gathered out of the whole History a + number of diversities between the pretended religion of Protestants + and the primitive faith of the english Church.”</span> If charm and + appropriateness of style were the only qualities to be aimed at in a + translation, we might well content ourselves with this rendering, + which fills with despair the translator of to-day, debarred by his + date from writing Elizabethan English.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The work was again + translated by John Stevens (1723), and a third time (with some + omissions) by W. Hurst in 1814. In 1840 Dr. Giles published a new + edition of Stevens's translation with certain alterations; and a + second edition of the same volume was published in 1842, and + incorporated in the collected works of Bede, edited by Dr. Giles. In + 1870 a literal translation by the Rev. L. Gidley was published. The + present volume is a revision of the translation of Dr. Giles.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A brief analysis + of the work may be of some use to the student in keeping distinct the + different threads of the narrative, as owing to the variety of + subjects introduced, and the want of strict chronological order, it + is difficult to grasp the sequence of events as a coherent whole.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The sources from + which Bede draws his material are <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexxii">[pg xxii]</span><a name="Pgxxii" id="Pgxxii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> briefly indicated in the dedication to King + Ceolwulf which forms the Preface, and in it he acknowledges his + obligations to the friends and correspondents who have helped and + encouraged him. For the greater part of Book I (cc. 1-22), which + forms the introduction to his real subject, he depends on earlier + authors. Here he does not specify his sources, but indicates them + generally as <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang= + "la"><span style="font-style: italic">priorum scripta</span></span>. + These authors are mainly Pliny, Solinus, Orosius, Eutropius, and the + British historian Gildas. In the story of Germanus and Lupus he + follows closely the Life of Germanus by Constantius of Lyons. Prosper + of Aquitaine also supplies him with some materials. When he comes to + his main subject, the History of the English Church, he appears to + rely but little upon books. Only a very few are referred to here and + there, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span>, The Life of St. Fursa, The + Life of St. Ethelburg, Adamnan's work on the Holy Places, and the + Anonymous Life of St. Cuthbert. That some form of annalistic records + existed before his time, and that these were consulted by him, we may + infer from some of his chronological references (cf. iii, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">1</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>). Local information + with regard to provinces other than Northumbria he obtains from his + correspondents in various parts of England, and these are expressly + mentioned in the Preface.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For the history of + the Roman mission and of Kent generally, as well as some particulars + with regard to the conversion of other provinces, his chief source is + the Church of Canterbury, which apparently possessed, besides oral + tradition, written documents relating to the first beginnings of the + Church. Moreover, Nothelm, who was the bearer of much important + material, had been to Rome and had permission to search the papal + archives. But it is in dealing with the history of Northumbria, as is + natural, that Bede's information is most varied and copious. Much of + it is apparently obtained directly from <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexxiii">[pg xxiii]</span><a name="Pgxxiii" id="Pgxxiii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> eye-witnesses of the events, much would + doubtless be preserved in the records of the Church of Lindisfarne, + to which he had access, perhaps also in his own monastery. We know + that the monasteries kept calendars in which the death-days of saints + and others were entered, and other records of similar nature (cf. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">iv, 14</a>), and that + these were used as materials for history.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Passing to the + history itself, we may trace a division of subjects or periods + roughly analogous to the division into books. Book I contains the + long introduction, the sending of the Roman mission, and the + foundation of the Church; Books II and III, the period of missionary + activity and the establishment of Christianity throughout the land. + Book IV may be said to describe the period of organization. In Book V + the English Church itself becomes a missionary centre, planting the + faith in Germany, and drawing the Celtic Churches into conformity + with Rome.</p> + + <div class="tei tei-tb"> + <hr style="width: 50%" /> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Book + I.</span></span>—In Book I, cc. 1-22, Bede sketches the early history + of Britain, describing the country and giving some account of the + various races by whom it was inhabited. The story of the Roman + occupation is narrated at some length, the invasions of the Picts and + Scots and consequent miseries of the Britons, their appeals for help + to the Romans, the final departure of their protectors, and the + coming of the Saxons are described. We have some shadowy outlines of + British Church History in the legendary account of the conversion of + King Lucius, in the story of St. Alban, affording evidence of a great + persecution of Christians during the Roman occupation, in the + allusions to the Arian and Pelagian heresies, and in the mission of + Germanus and Lupus. A brief allusion to the mission of Palladius is + all that we hear of the Irish Church at this period.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">These chapters are + introductory to the main subject, the History of the English Church, + which begins in <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxiv">[pg + xxiv]</span><a name="Pgxxiv" id="Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Chapter 23 with the mission of St. Augustine in 597 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> The reception of the + Christian faith in the kingdom of Kent and the foundation of a + national Church occupy the remaining chapters of the book. Various + letters of Pope Gregory relating to the mission and his answers to + the questions of Augustine are given at length; and the Book + concludes with a piece of Northumbrian history, Ethelfrid's conquests + of the Britons and the defeat of Aedan, king of the Dalriadic Scots, + at Degsastan in 603 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Book + II.</span></span>—Book II opens with a biographical sketch of Gregory + the Great, the founder of the Mission. This is followed by an account + of Augustine's negotiations with the leaders of the British Church + with regard to the Paschal question and some other matters, his + failure to win them over (a failure apparently largely due to his own + want of tact in dealing with the susceptible Celtic temperament), his + alleged prophecy of disaster and its fulfilment some time after at + the battle of Chester. Then we have the consecration of Mellitus to + London, as Bishop of the East Saxons, and Justus to Rochester (604 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>); the evangelization of + the East Saxons by Mellitus; the death of Augustine and succession of + Laurentius as Archbishop (no date is given; it may have been in 605); + fresh attempts at union with the Celtic Churches, in which again we + can perceive a failure of courtesy on the one side met by an + obstinate pride on the other. The death of Ethelbert in Kent (616 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) and that of Sabert in + Essex, soon after, lead to a pagan reaction in both provinces; + Mellitus and Justus take refuge on the Continent; Laurentius, + intending to follow them, is stopped by a vision which leads to the + conversion of King Eadbald and the recovery of Kent for Christianity. + Essex, however, continues to be pagan. On the death of Laurentius + (619 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), Mellitus succeeds to + Canterbury and is himself succeeded by Justus (in 624). In Chapter 9 + we enter upon a new development of the highest importance in the work + of the mission. The marriage of Edwin, king of Northumbria, and the + Kentish princess, Ethelberg, brings about the conversion of + Northumbria <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxv">[pg + xxv]</span><a name="Pgxxv" id="Pgxxv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + through the preaching of Paulinus. The story is told in detail. + Letters from Pope Boniface to Edwin and his consort are quoted at + length, Edwin's early history with its bearing on the great crisis of + his life is related; finally we have the decisive debate in the + Witenagemot at Goodmanham and the baptism of the king at Easter, 627 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> Through the influence + of Edwin on Earpwald, king of East Anglia, that province is next + converted, but on the death of Earpwald the people lapse into + paganism for three years, till Christianity is finally established by + the labours of Bishop Felix, under the enlightened King Sigbert, who + had himself been drawn to the faith in Gaul.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Meanwhile, peace + and prosperity reign in Northumbria, and Paulinus extends his + preaching to Lindsey. He re-receives the pall from Pope Honorius, in + accordance with the original intention of Gregory that the Bishop of + York should rank as a metropolitan. At Canterbury, Justus is + succeeded by Archbishop Honorius. Parenthetically we have extracts + from letters, probably of the year 640 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, addressed by the Roman + see to the Irish clergy on the Paschal question and the Pelagian + heresy.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In Chapter 20 we + have a dramatic climax to the book in the overthrow and death of + Edwin at the battle of Hatfield in 633 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>; the devastation of + Northumbria by the British king, Caedwalla, and Penda of Mercia; and + the flight of Paulinus, taking with him Ethelberg and Eanfled to + Kent, where he ends his life in charge of the Church of Rochester. + His work in Northumbria seems for the time, at least, wholly + overthrown. Only James the Deacon remains heroically at his post to + keep alive the smouldering embers of the faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Book + III.</span></span>—Book III opens with the story of the apostasy of + the Northumbrian kings and the miseries of the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Hateful Year,”</span> terminated by the victory of + Oswald at Heavenfield in 634 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> Christianity is brought + again to Northumbria (635 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) by the Celtic Mission, + sent from Iona at the request of Oswald, who nobly co-operates with + Aidan in the work of evangelization. Aidan fixes his see at + Lindisfarne. The mention of Iona leads to a short account of the + mission of St. Columba to the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexxvi">[pg xxvi]</span><a name="Pgxxvi" id="Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Northern Picts in 565 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, and incidentally of + St. Ninian's mission to the Southern Picts <span class= + "tei tei-q">“long before”</span>; the grant of Iona to St. Columba, + and its constitution, the character of its monks and their error with + regard to Easter. The characters of Aidan and Oswald are described; + and the union of Deira and Bernicia under Oswald is briefly + mentioned.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In Chapter 7 we + pass to a fresh missionary enterprise. Birinus, sent to Britain by + Pope Honorius, converts the West Saxons. Their king, Cynegils, is + baptized, and a see is established at Dorchester, in Oxfordshire. + Under Coinwalch, the successor of Cynegils, the province passes + through various vicissitudes, political and ecclesiastical, and + finally the West Saxon see is fixed at Winchester.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In Kent, + Earconbert succeeds Eadbald in 640 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, and takes vigorous + measures for the suppression of idolatry. His daughter, Earcongota, + and many other high-born English ladies enter the religious life in + Gaul, for convents are still scarce in England.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In Chapter 9, + reverting to the history of Northumbria, Bede tells us of the death + of Oswald at Maserfelth in 642, and relates at length various + miracles wrought by his relics. Oswald is succeeded by Oswy in + Bernicia and in Deira by Oswin. The latter is treacherously murdered + by Oswy; his character is described. The death of Aidan (in 651) + immediately follows that of his beloved king; Aidan's miracles are + related, and a warm tribute is paid to his character, in spite of the + inevitable error with regard to Easter, which is severely + condemned.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In Chapter 18, + passing again to East Anglian history, we hear of King Sigbert's + services to education, and of his retirement to a monastery from + which he was forcibly drawn to fall in battle against the Mercians. + (The chronology is here very vague.) A vision of the Irish St. Fursa, + who founded the monastery of Cnobheresburg in East Anglia is told in + detail. Changes in the episcopate in East Anglia and elsewhere are + mentioned. Deusdedit succeeds Honorius as Archbishop of Canterbury in + 654.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Again, a + Northumbrian prince gives a fresh impulse to the spread of + Christianity. In 653 the Middle Angles <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexxvii">[pg xxvii]</span><a name="Pgxxvii" id="Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> (who occupied a part of Mercia) are converted, + their prince, Peada, being persuaded chiefly by his brother-in-law, + Alchfrid, a son of Oswy. Four priests are sent to them to preach and + baptize, Cedd, Adda, Betti, and Diuma, and Diuma becomes bishop of + the Middle Angles and Mercians. Similarly, at this time, King Sigbert + of Essex listens to the exhortations of his friend, King Oswy, and, + at the preaching of Cedd, the East Saxons receive the faith a second + time. Cedd becomes their bishop. Sigbert's tragic death is related. + His successor, Suidhelm, receives baptism at the hands of Cedd. The + foundation of Lastingham by Ethelwald of Deira and its consecration + by Cedd are described. Cedd dies of the plague of 664.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Meanwhile, + important political changes have taken place in the north: the defeat + and death of Penda at the Winwaed in 655 are followed by Oswy's rule, + which established Christianity in Mercia, in spite of a successful + rebellion after three years, when the Mercians threw off the yoke of + Northumbria and set up Penda's son, Wulfhere, as their king.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In Chapter 25 we + come to the Synod of Whitby (664 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), + which settled the Easter question for the English Church. Wilfrid + comes to the front as a champion of the Catholic rules. The opposing + party either retire or conform. The self-denial and devotion of the + Celtic missionaries are highly praised, and some account of the life + led by English students in Ireland follows, with the story of the + self-dedication of Egbert, who is destined to play a prominent part + afterwards in the history of the Church.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The consecration + of both Wilfrid and Ceadda (664 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), as bishops of + Northumbria leads to complications in the episcopate. An important + step towards the unity of the English nation in ecclesiastical + matters is taken when Wighard is sent to Rome by the kings Oswy and + Egbert, acting in concert, to be consecrated as Archbishop of + Canterbury (667 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>). Wighard dies there, + and Pope Vitalian undertakes to find an archbishop for the English + Church.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxviii">[pg + xxviii]</span><a name="Pgxxviii" id="Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The book ends with + a fresh apostasy in Essex during the miseries of the great plague of + 664. Mercia, so lately itself evangelized, becomes a new missionary + centre, King Wulfhere sending Bishop Jaruman to recall the East + Saxons to the faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Book + IV.</span></span>—In all but one of the kingdoms of England + Christianity is now, at least in name, established, and the Church + settles down to the work of organization. The man for this task is + found in Theodore of Tarsus, consecrated Archbishop of the English in + 668. He arrives at Canterbury in 669. We hear at once of the vigorous + impulse given by him and Abbot Hadrian to the various departments of + education there. Finding an irregularity in Ceadda's orders, he + completes his ordination and makes him Bishop of the Mercians + (probably in 669), with his see at Lichfield. Ceadda's death (672 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), his character, and + the miracles and visions connected with him are described. + Parenthetically we get an account of Colman's activity in Ireland + after his retirement, in consequence of the decision at Whitby. The + most important political events at this time are the death of Oswy + and succession of Egfrid in Northumbria in 670 or 671, and the death + of Egbert and succession of Hlothere in Kent in 673.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the same year + the Council of Hertford, the first English provincial council, is + held, and marks the strength and independence of the Church. Theodore + proceeds with his reforms in the episcopate. Various events of + ecclesiastical importance follow; the East Anglian diocese is divided + about this time, and other changes are effected.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Essex, so long + prone to lapses into paganism, becomes at this time a centre of + religious life under its Bishop Earconwald and its king Sebbi. + Earconwald, whose holiness is attested by many miraculous + circumstances, was the founder of the monasteries of Chertsey and + Barking, the latter of which was ruled by his sister, the saintly + Ethelburg. Various miracles are related in connection with her and + her monastery. The king of the East Saxons, Sebbi, is a man of + unusual piety who resigns his kingdom and receives the + tonsure.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxix">[pg + xxix]</span><a name="Pgxxix" id="Pgxxix" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After a brief + allusion to West Saxon history, the devastation of Kent by Ethelred + of Mercia in 676, and certain changes in the episcopate, we come to + an important step in the organization of the Church taken by + Theodore. In pursuance of his policy of increasing the number of + bishops, he subdivides the great Northumbrian diocese. Wilfrid is + expelled (678 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>). From these events we + pass summarily to the evangelization of the South Saxons by Wilfrid, + who extends his labours to the Isle of Wight, and thus the last of + the English provinces is won for the faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the Council of + Hatfield (680 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) the English Church + asserts its orthodoxy and unites with the continental Churches in + repudiating the heresy of the Monothelites. Turning to Northumbrian + history, we have the story of Egfrid's queen, Ethelthryth, and a hymn + composed in her honour by Bede. The war between Mercia and + Northumbria in 679 is ended by the mediation of Theodore, and a + miracle in connection with the battle of the Trent is related.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The remainder of + the book is occupied mainly with Northumbrian history, the life and + death of Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, the story of the poet Caedmon, the + destruction of Coldingham, prophesied by the monk Adamnan, Egfrid's + invasion of Ireland (684 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) and of the country of + the Picts (685 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), his defeat and death + in that year, the decline of Northumbria, the flight of Bishop + Trumwine from Abercorn, and the succession of Aldfrid to the kingdom. + The death of Hlothere of Kent (685 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) is followed by anarchy + in that province, till Wictred succeeds and restores peace.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In Chapters 27-32 + we have an account of the life of St. Cuthbert and stories of the + miracles wrought by his relics.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Book + V.</span></span>—Book V opens with the story of the holy Ethelwald, + who succeeded Cuthbert as anchorite at Farne, and a miracle wrought + through his intercession. This is followed (cc. 2-6) by an account of + John of Beverley, Bishop of Hexham, and the miracles attributed to + him. In Chapter 7 we have a piece of West Saxon <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="pagexxx">[pg xxx]</span><a name="Pgxxx" id="Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> history: Caedwalla, King of Wessex, after + a life of war and bloodshed, goes to Rome to receive baptism there, + and dies immediately after his admission into the Church (689 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>). He is succeeded by + Ini, who in 725 likewise ended his days at Rome.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In 690 Theodore + dies, after an episcopate of twenty-two years. Bertwald succeeds him + at Canterbury in 693.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time + Englishmen begin to extend their missionary enterprise abroad. + Various missions are undertaken by men who have lived long in Ireland + and caught the Celtic zeal for the work of evangelization. The story + is told of the attempted mission of Egbert to Germany and the + unsuccessful venture of Witbert. Wilbrord (in 690) and others plant + the faith among the German tribes.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The vision of + Drythelm is inserted here, probably on chronological grounds + (<span class="tei tei-q">“his temporibus”</span>), and other visions + of the future world follow.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Apparently about + the same time a change is effected in the attitude of the greater + part of the Celtic Church towards the Paschal question. The Northern + Irish are converted to the Roman usages by Adamnan, Abbot of Iona, + whose book on the <span class="tei tei-q">“Holy Places”</span> is + here described (cc. 16-17).</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The death of + Aldfrid and succession of Osred in Northumbria in 705 are the next + events narrated.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">About this time + the division of the West Saxon diocese is carried out, Aldhelm being + appointed to Sherborne and Daniel to Winchester; the South Saxons + receive a bishop of their own for the first time. In 709 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> Coenred of Mercia and + Offa of Essex receive the tonsure at Rome, and in the same year + Bishop Wilfrid dies. The story of his life is told.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Not long after, + Hadrian dies and is succeeded by Albinus as Abbot of St. Augustine's. + Bede's friend, Acca, succeeds Wilfrid as Bishop of Hexham. His + services to the Church are enumerated.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">An important step + is taken at this time by the Northern Picts in the acceptance of the + Roman rules with regard to Easter and the tonsure. The letter of + Abbot Ceolfrid of Wearmouth and Jarrow to the Pictish king Naiton + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxxi">[pg xxxi]</span><a name= + "Pgxxxi" id="Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> on this subject is + quoted at length. Soon after, Iona yields to the preaching of Egbert, + and receives the Catholic usages. Egbert dies in 729. In Chapter 23 a + number of events are briefly mentioned; the death of Wictred of Kent + in 725, and the succession of his sons, the death of the learned + Tobias, Bishop of Rochester, in 726, the appearance of two comets in + 729, followed by the devastation of Gaul by the Saracens, the death + of the Northumbrian king Osric, and succession of Ceolwulf in 729; + finally, the death of Archbishop Bertwald in 731 and the succession + of Tatwine. Then follows an account of the state of the English + episcopate in 731, the year in which Bede finished the History. The + relations of the English with Picts, Scots, and Britons are + described, and some allusion is made to the growth of monasticism in + this time of external peace.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The book closes in + Chapter 24 with a chronological summary of the whole work, an + autobiographical sketch of the author, and a list of his works.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxxiii">[pg + xxxiii]</span><a name="Pgxxxiii" id="Pgxxxiii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc5" id="toc5"></a> <a name="pdf6" id="pdf6"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Life Of Bede</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Few lives afford + less material for the biographer than Bede's; few seem to possess a + more irresistible fascination. Often as the simple story has been + told, the desire to tell it afresh appears to be perennial. And yet + it is perhaps as wholly devoid of incident as any life could be. The + short autobiographical sketch at the end of the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ecclesiastical History”</span> tells us practically all: + that he was born in the territory of the twin monastery of Wearmouth + and Jarrow; that at the age of seven he was sent by his kinsfolk to + be brought up, first under the Abbot Benedict, afterwards under + Ceolfrid; that in his nineteenth year (the canonical age was + twenty-five) he was admitted to the diaconate, and received priest's + orders in his thirtieth year, in both instances at the hands of John, + Bishop of Hexham, and by order of the Abbot Ceolfrid; that he spent + his whole life in the monastery in learning, in teaching, and in + writing, and in the observance of the monastic rule and attendance at + the daily services of the Church. Of his family we know nothing; the + name Beda appears to have been not uncommon. The fact that he was + handed over by kinsmen (<span class="tei tei-q">“cura + propinquorum”</span>) to Abbot Benedict would seem to imply that he + was an orphan when he entered the monastery at the age of seven, but + it was not unusual for parents to dedicate their infant children to + the religious life, in many cases even at an earlier age than Bede's. + We may compare the story of the little boy, Aesica, at Barking, + related by Bede, and of Elfled, the daughter of Oswy, dedicated by + her father before she was a year old.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexxxiv">[pg xxxiv]</span><a name="Pgxxxiv" id="Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The epithet + <span class="tei tei-q">“Venerable,”</span> commonly attached to his + name, has given rise to more than one legend. It was apparently first + applied to him in the ninth century, and is said to have been an + appellation of priests. The best known of these legends is Fuller's + story of a certain <span class="tei tei-q">“dunce monk”</span> who + set about writing Bede's epitaph, and being unable to complete the + verse, <span class="tei tei-q">“Hic sunt in fossa Bedae ... + ossa,”</span> went to bed with his task unfinished. Returning to it + in the morning, he found that an angel had filled the gap with the + word <span class="tei tei-q">“venerabilis.”</span> Another account + tells how Bede, in his old age, when his eyes were dim, was induced + by certain <span class="tei tei-q">“mockers”</span> to preach, under + the mistaken belief that the people were assembled to hear him. As he + ended his sermon with a solemn invocation of the Trinity, the angels + (in one version it is the stones of a rocky valley) responded + <span class="tei tei-q">“Amen, very venerable Bede.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The land on which + Bede was born was granted by Egfrid to Benedict Biscop for the + foundation of the monasteries a short time after the birth of Bede. + Wearmouth was founded in 674, Jarrow in 681 or 682. Bede was among + those members of the community who were transferred to Jarrow under + Abbot Ceolfrid, and under his rule and that of his successor, + Huaetbert, he passed his life. With regard to the chief dates, the + authorities differ, Simeon of Durham and others placing his birth as + late as 677. Bede himself tells us that he was in his fifty-ninth + year when he wrote the short autobiography at the end of the History. + That work was finished in 731, and there seems to be no good reason + to suppose that the autobiographical sketch was written at a later + time. We may infer then that he was born in 673, that he was ordained + deacon in 691 and priest in 702. For his death, 735, the date given + in the <a href="#Continuation" class="tei tei-ref"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Continuation,”</span></a> seems to be supported by the + evidence of the letter of Cuthbert to Cuthwin (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>). From this it appears that he died on a + Wednesday, which nevertheless is called Ascension Day, implying, + doubtless, that his death occurred on the eve, after the festival had + begun, according to ecclesiastical reckoning. It is further explained + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxxv">[pg xxxv]</span><a name= + "Pgxxxv" id="Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> that Ascension Day + was on the 26th of May (<span class="tei tei-q">“VII Kal. + Junii”</span>),<a id="noteref_1" name="noteref_1" href= + "#note_1"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span></a> which was + actually the case in the year 735.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Beyond the + testimony borne to his exceptional diligence as a student in a letter + from Alcuin to the monks of Wearmouth and Jarrow, we hear nothing of + his childhood and early youth. One anecdote in the Anonymous History + of the Abbots may perhaps refer to him, though no name is given. It + tells how, when the plague of 686 devastated the monastery, the Abbot + Ceolfrid, for lack of fit persons to assist at the daily offices, + decided to recite the psalms without antiphons, except at vespers and + matins. But after a week's trial, unable to bear it any longer, he + restored the antiphons to their proper place, and with the help of + one little boy carried on the services in the usual manner. This + little boy is described as being, at the time the History was + written, a priest of that monastery who <span class= + "tei tei-q">“duly, both by his words and writings, commends the + Abbot's praiseworthy deeds to all who seek to know them,”</span> and + he has generally been supposed to be Bede.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Ecclesiastical History”</span> (IV, 3) there + is an allusion to Bede's teachers, one of whom, Trumbert, educated at + Lastingham under Ceadda, is mentioned by name. The monastery of + Wearmouth and Jarrow must have offered exceptional facilities for + study. Benedict had enriched it with many treasures which he brought + with him from his travels. Chief among these was the famous library + which he founded and which was enlarged by Abbot Ceolfrid. Here Bede + acquired that wide and varied learning revealed in his historical, + scientific, and theological works. He studied with particular care + and reverence the patristic writings; his theological treatises were, + as he says, <span class="tei tei-q">“compiled out of the works of the + venerable Fathers.”</span> He must have had a considerable + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxxvi">[pg xxxvi]</span><a name= + "Pgxxxvi" id="Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> knowledge of + Greek, probably he knew some Hebrew. Though he is not wholly free + from the mediaeval churchman's distrust of pagan authors, he + constantly betrays his acquaintance with them, and the sense of form + which must unconsciously influence the student of classical + literature has passed into his own writings and preserved him from + the barbarism of monkish Latin. His style is singularly clear, + simple, and fluent, as free from obscurity as from affectation and + bombast.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus was the + foundation laid of that sound learning upon which his widespread + influence both as a teacher and writer was reared. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I always took delight,”</span> he tells us, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“in learning, or teaching, or writing.”</span> Probably + his writing was, as is so often the case, the outcome of his + teaching; his object in both is to meet <span class="tei tei-q">“the + needs of the brethren.”</span> One of his pupils was Archbishop + Egbert, the founder of the school of York, which gave a fresh impulse + to learning, not only in England, but through Alcuin in France, at a + time when a revival was most to be desired.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It was to Egbert + that he paid one of the only two visits which he records. In the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Epistola ad Ecgbertum”</span> he alludes to + a short stay he had made with him the year before, and declines, on + account of the illness which proved to be his last, an invitation to + visit him again. He visited Lindisfarne in connection with his task + of writing the life of Cuthbert. Otherwise we have no authentic + record of any absence from the monastery. The story that he went to + Rome at the request of Pope Sergius, founded on a statement of + William of Malmesbury, is now regarded as highly improbable. The + oldest MS. of the letter of Sergius, requesting Ceolfrid to send one + of his monks to Rome, has no mention of the name of Bede. If such an + event had ever disturbed his accustomed course of life, it is + inconceivable that he should nowhere allude to it. Still less is the + assertion that he lived and taught at Cambridge one which need be + seriously debated by the present generation.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">We may fairly + assume that, except for a few short absences such as the visits to + York and Lindisfarne, his <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexxxvii">[pg xxxvii]</span><a name="Pgxxxvii" id="Pgxxxvii" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> whole life was spent in the monastery. It + must have been a life of unremitting toil. His writings, numerous as + they are, covering a wide range of subjects and involving the + severest study, can only have been a part of his work; he had, + besides, his duties as priest, teacher, and member of a religious + community to fulfil. Even the manual labour of his literary work must + have been considerable. He did not employ an amanuensis, and he had + not the advantages with regard to copyists which a member of one of + the larger monasteries might have had. <span class="tei tei-q">“Ipse + mihi dictator simul notarius (= shorthand writer) et librarius (= + copyist),”</span> he writes. Yet he never flags. Through all the + outward monotony of his days his own interest remains fresh. He + <span class="tei tei-q">“takes delight”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“dulce habui”</span>) in it all. It is a life full of + eager activity in intellectual things, of a keen and patriotic + interest in the wider life beyond the monastery walls, which shows + itself sadly enough in his reflections on the evils of the times, of + the ardent charity which spends itself in labour for the brethren, + and, pervading the whole, that spirit of quiet obedience and devotion + which his own simple words describe as <span class="tei tei-q">“the + observance of monastic rule and the daily charge of singing in the + Church.”</span> We can picture him, at the appointed hours, breaking + off his absorbing occupations to take his place at the daily offices, + lest, as he believed, he should fail to meet the angels there. Alcuin + records a saying of his, <span class="tei tei-q">“I know that angels + visit the canonical hours and the congregations of the brethren. What + if they do not find me among the brethren? May they not say, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Where is Bede?’</span> ”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is probably + here, in this harmony of work and devotion, that we may find the + secret of the fascination in the record of his uneventful days. It + reconciles the sharp antithesis between the active and the + contemplative life. It seems to attain to that ideal of <span class= + "tei tei-q">“toil unsever'd from tranquillity”</span> which haunts us + all, but which we have almost ceased to associate with the life of + man under present conditions. Balance, moderation, or rather, that + rare quality which has been well called <span class="tei tei-q">“the + sanity of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxxviii">[pg + xxxviii]</span><a name="Pgxxxviii" id="Pgxxxviii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> saintliness,”</span><a id="noteref_2" name= + "noteref_2" href="#note_2"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">2</span></span></a> these + give a unity to the life of Bede and preserve him from the + exaggerations of the conventual ideal. With all his admiration for + the ascetic life, he recognizes human limitations. It is cheering to + find that even he felt the need of a holiday. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Having completed,”</span> he writes, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“the third book of the Commentary on Samuel, I thought I + would rest awhile, and, after recovering in that way my delight in + study and writing, proceed to take in hand the fourth.”</span> + Intellectual power commands his homage, but his mind is open to the + appreciation of all forms of excellence. It is the unlearned brother, + unfit for study and occupied in manual labour, to whom, in his story, + it is vouchsafed to hear the singing of the angels who came to summon + Ceadda to his rest. The life of devotion ranks highest in his + estimation, but he records with approval how St. Cuthbert thought + <span class="tei tei-q">“that to afford the weak brethren the help of + his exhortation stood in the stead of prayer, knowing that He Who + said <span class="tei tei-q">‘Thou shalt love the Lord thy + God,’</span> said likewise, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Thou shalt love + thy neighbour as thyself.’</span> ”</span> He tells us how St. + Gregory bewailed his own loss in being forced by his office to be + entangled in worldly affairs. <span class="tei tei-q">“But,”</span> + adds the human-hearted biographer, <span class="tei tei-q">“it + behoves us to believe that he lost nothing of his monastic perfection + by reason of his pastoral charge, but rather that he gained greater + profit through the labour of converting many, than by the former calm + of his private life.”</span> Yet he holds that this immunity from the + evil influence of the world was chiefly due to Gregory's care in + organizing his house like a monastery and safeguarding the + opportunities for prayer and devotional study, even while he was + immersed in affairs at the court of Constantinople, and afterwards, + when he held the most onerous office in the Church.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This quality of + sanity shows itself again in an unusual degree of fairness to + opponents. The Paschal error, indeed, moves his indignation in a + manner which is incomprehensible <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexxxix">[pg xxxix]</span><a name="Pgxxxix" id="Pgxxxix" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> and distasteful to the modern reader, but even + in the perverse and erring Celts he can recognize <span class= + "tei tei-q">“a zeal of God, though not according to + knowledge.”</span> Aidan's holiness of life wins from him a warm + tribute of admiration. In the monks of Iona, the stronghold of the + Celtic system, he can perceive the fruit of good works and find an + excuse for their error in their isolated situation. In the British + Church it is the lack of missionary zeal, rather than their attitude + towards the Easter question, which calls forth his strongest + condemnation.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A characteristic + akin to this is his love of truth. As a historian, it shows itself in + his scrupulous care in investigating evidence and in acknowledging + the sources from which he draws. Nowhere is his intellectual honesty + more apparent than in dealing with what he believes to be the + miraculous element in his history. In whatever way we may regard + these anecdotes, there can be no doubt that Bede took the utmost + pains to assure himself of their authenticity. He is careful to + acquire, if possible, first-hand evidence; where this cannot be + obtained, he scrupulously mentions the lack of it. He admits only the + testimony of witnesses of high character and generally quotes them by + name.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">These are but a + few of the glimpses afforded us of the personality of Bede, a + personality never obtruded, but everywhere unconsciously revealed in + his work. Everywhere we find the impress of a mind of wide + intellectual grasp, a character of the highest saintliness, and a + gentle refinement of thought and feeling. The lofty spirituality of + Bede, his great learning and scholarly attainment are the more + striking when we reflect how recently his nation had emerged from + barbarism and received Christianity and the culture which it brought + with it to these shores.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The letter in + which he declines Egbert's invitation on the plea of illness is dated + November, 734. If we may assume that his death took place on the eve + of Ascension Day in 735, no long period of enfeebled health clouded + the close of his life, and weakness never interrupted his work. His + death has been described by his pupil, Cuthbert, who afterwards + became Abbot of Wearmouth and <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexl">[pg xl]</span><a name="Pgxl" id="Pgxl" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Jarrow in succession to Huaetbert, in the + letter quoted below. He was first buried at Jarrow but, according to + Simeon of Durham, his relics were stolen by the priest, Elfred, and + carried to Durham. In 1104, when the bones of Cuthbert were + translated to the new Cathedral, those of Bede were found with them. + Not long after, Hugh de Puisac erected a shrine of gold and silver, + adorned with jewels, in which he placed them, along with the relics + of many other saints. The shrine disappeared at the Reformation, and + only the stone on which it rested remains.<a id="noteref_3" name= + "noteref_3" href="#note_3"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">3</span></span></a></p> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Letter of Cuthbert to + Cuthwin.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“To his fellow-lector, Cuthwin, beloved in Christ, + Cuthbert, his fellow-student, greeting and salvation for ever in + the Lord. I have very gladly received the gift which thou sentest + to me, and with much joy have read thy devout and learned letter, + wherein I found that which I greatly desired, to wit, that masses + and holy prayers are diligently offered by you for our father and + master Bede, beloved of God. Wherefore I rejoice, rather for love + of him than from confidence in my own power, to relate in few words + after what manner he departed out of this world, understanding also + that thou hast desired and asked this of me. He was troubled with + weakness and chiefly with difficulty in breathing, yet almost + without pain, for about a fortnight before the day of our Lord's + Resurrection; and thus he afterwards passed his time, cheerful and + rejoicing, giving thanks to Almighty God every day and night, nay, + every hour, till the day of our Lord's Ascension, to wit, the + twenty-sixth day of May, and daily gave lessons to us, his + disciples; and whatsoever remained of the day he spent in singing + psalms, as far as he was able; he also strove to pass all the night + joyfully in prayer and thanksgiving to God, save only when a short + sleep prevented it; and then he no sooner awoke than he straightway + began again to repeat the well-known sacred songs, and ceased not + to give thanks <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexli">[pg + xli]</span><a name="Pgxli" id="Pgxli" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to God with uplifted hands. I declare with truth that I have never + seen with my eyes, or heard with my ears, any man so earnest in + giving thanks to the living God. O truly blessed man! He repeated + the words of St. Paul the Apostle, <span class="tei tei-q">‘It is a + fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God,’</span> and + much more out of Holy Scripture; wherein also he admonished us to + think of our last hour, and to arise out of the sleep of the soul; + and being learned in our native poetry, he said also in our tongue, + concerning the dread parting of souls from the body:</span></p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 0.90em; margin-top: 0.90em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Fore then neidfaerae</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">naenig uiuurthit</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">thonc suotturra</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">than him tharf sie</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">to ymb hycggannae</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">aer his hin iongae</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">huaet his gastae</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">godaes aeththa yflaes</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">aefter deothdaege</span> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">doemid uueorthae.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Which being + interpreted is: <span class="tei tei-q">“Before the inevitable + journey hence, no man is wiser than is needful that he may + consider, ere the soul departs, what good or evil it hath done and + how it shall be judged after its departure.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He also sang antiphons for our comfort and his own. + One of these is, <span class="tei tei-q">‘O King of Glory, Lord of + all power, Who, triumphing this day, didst ascend above all the + heavens, leave us not comfortless, but send to us the promise of + the Father, even the Spirit of Truth—Hallelujah.’</span> And when + he came to the words, <span class="tei tei-q">‘leave us not + comfortless,’</span> he burst into tears and wept much. And an hour + after, he fell to repeating what he had begun. And this he did the + whole day, and we, hearing it, mourned with him and wept. Now we + read and now we lamented, nay, we wept even as we read. In such + rapture we passed the fifty days' festival<a id="noteref_4" name= + "noteref_4" href="#note_4"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">4</span></span></a> till + the aforesaid day; and he rejoiced greatly and gave God thanks, + because he had been accounted worthy to suffer such weakness. And + he often said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘God scourgeth every son + whom He <span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexlii">[pg + xlii]</span><a name="Pgxlii" id="Pgxlii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> receiveth’</span>; and the words of St. + Ambrose, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I have not so lived as to be + ashamed to live among you; but neither do I fear to die, because we + have a merciful Lord.’</span> And during those days, besides the + lessons we had daily from him, and the singing of the Psalms, there + were two memorable works, which he strove to finish; to wit, his + translation of the Gospel of St. John, from the beginning, as far + as the words, <span class="tei tei-q">‘But what are they among so + many?’</span> into our own tongue, for the benefit of the Church of + God; and some selections from the books of Bishop Isidore, saying, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘I would not have my boys read a lie, nor + labour herein without profit after my death.’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“When the Tuesday before the Ascension of our Lord + came, he began to suffer still more in his breathing, and there was + some swelling in his feet. But he went on teaching all that day and + dictating cheerfully, and now and then said among other things, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Learn quickly, I know not how long I shall + endure, and whether my Maker will not soon take me away.’</span> + But to us it seemed that haply he knew well the time of his + departure; and so he spent the night, awake, in giving of thanks. + And when the morning dawned, that is, on the Wednesday, he bade us + write with all speed what we had begun. And this we did until the + third hour. And from the third hour we walked in procession with + the relics of the saints, according to the custom of that + day.<a id="noteref_5" name="noteref_5" href="#note_5"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">5</span></span></a> And + there was one of us with him who said to him, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘There is still one chapter wanting of the book which + thou hast been dictating, but I deem it burdensome for thee to be + questioned any further.’</span> He answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Nay, it is light, take thy pen and make ready, and + write quickly.’</span> And this was done. But at the ninth hour he + said to me, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I have certain treasures in my + coffer, some spices, napkins and incense; run quickly and bring the + priests of our monastery to me, that I may distribute among them + the gifts which God has bestowed on me.’</span> And this I did + trembling, and when they were come, he spoke to every one of them, + admonishing and entreating them <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "pagexliii">[pg xliii]</span><a name="Pgxliii" id="Pgxliii" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> that they should diligently offer masses and + prayers for him, and they promised readily. But they all mourned + and wept, sorrowing most of all for the words which he spake, + because they thought that they should see his face no long time in + this world. But they rejoiced for that he said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘It is time for me, if it be my Maker's will, to be set + free from the flesh, and come to Him Who, when as yet I was not, + formed me out of nothing. I have lived long; and well has my + pitiful judge disposed my life for me; the time of my release is at + hand; for my soul longs to see Christ my King in His + beauty.’</span> Having said this and much more for our profit and + edification, he passed his last day in gladness till the evening; + and the aforesaid boy, whose name was Wilbert, still said, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Dear master, there is yet one sentence not + written.’</span> He answered, <span class="tei tei-q">‘It is well, + write it.’</span> Soon after, the boy said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Now it is written.’</span> And he said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘It is well, thou hast said truly, it is finished. Take + my head in thy hands, for I rejoice greatly to sit facing my holy + place where I was wont to pray, that I too, sitting there, may call + upon my Father.’</span> And thus on the pavement of his little + cell, chanting <span class="tei tei-q">‘Glory be to the Father, and + to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost,’</span> and the rest, he + breathed his last.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And without doubt we must believe that inasmuch as he + had always been devout and earnest on earth in the praise of God, + his soul was carried by angels to the joys of Heaven which he + desired. And all who heard him or beheld the death of our father + Bede, said that they had never seen any other end his life in so + great devotion and peace. For, as thou hast heard, so long as the + soul abode in the body, he chanted the <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Gloria Patri’</span> and other words to the glory of + God, and with outstretched hands ceased not to give thanks to + God.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But know this, that much could be told and written + concerning him, but my want of learning cuts short my words. + Nevertheless, with the help of God, I purpose at leisure to write + more fully concerning him, of those things which I saw with my own + eyes and heard with my own ears.”</span></p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexlv">[pg xlv]</span><a name= + "Pgxlv" id="Pgxlv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc7" id="toc7"></a> <a name="pdf8" id="pdf8"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Errata</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>, headline, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“54 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“54 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">b.c.</span></span>”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref">21</a>, headline, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“394 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“395 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref">214</a>, note 4, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“cc.”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“pp.”</span> [Transcriber's Note: This is the + footnote to Bright.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref">215</a>, note 1, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“St. James <span class="tei tei-q">‘the + Less’</span> ”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">read</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“James, <span class="tei tei-q">‘the Lord's + brother.’</span> ”</span> [Transcriber's Note: This is the footnote + to <span class="tei tei-q">“the Eastern.”</span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref">220</a>, note 2, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Lumley”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Lumby.”</span> [Transcriber's Note: This is + the footnote starting <span class="tei tei-q">“A stone.”</span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref">254</a>, note 1, line 4, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“existence”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“co-existence.”</span> [Transcriber's Note: + This is the footnote starting <span class="tei tei-q">“Eutyches was + Archimandrite.”</span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref">316</a>, line 7, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Gedmund”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Gebmund.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Page <a href= + "#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref">346</a>, note 6, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“p. 56”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“p. 356.”</span> [Transcriber's Note: This is + the footnote starting <span class="tei tei-q">“Ripon, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>”</span>]</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page001">[pg 001]</span><a name= + "Pg001" id="Pg001" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc9" id="toc9"></a> <a name="pdf10" id="pdf10"></a> + <a name="Preface" id="Preface" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Preface</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">To the most glorious + king Ceolwulf.</span><a id="noteref_6" name="noteref_6" href= + "#note_6"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; font-style: italic; vertical-align: super">6</span></span></a> + <span style="font-style: italic">Bede, the servant of Christ and + Priest.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I formerly, at + your request, most readily sent to you the Ecclesiastical History of + the English Nation, which I had lately published, for you to read and + judge; and I now send it again to be transcribed, and more fully + studied at your leisure. And I rejoice greatly at the sincerity and + zeal, with which you not only diligently give ear to hear the words + of Holy Scripture, but also industriously take care to become + acquainted with the actions and sayings of former men of renown, + especially of our own nation. For if history relates good things of + good men, the attentive hearer is excited to imitate that which is + good; or if it recounts evil things of wicked persons, none the less + the conscientious and devout hearer or reader, shunning that which is + hurtful and wrong, is the more earnestly fired to perform those + things which he knows to be good, and worthy of the service of God. + And as you have carefully marked this, you are desirous that the said + history should be more fully made known to yourself, and to those + over whom the Divine Authority has appointed you governor, from your + great regard to the common good. But to the end that I may remove all + occasion of doubting what I have written, both from <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page002">[pg 002]</span><a name="Pg002" id="Pg002" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> yourself and other readers or hearers of + this history, I will take care briefly to show you from what authors + I chiefly learned the same.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">My principal + authority and aid in this work was the most learned and reverend + Abbot Albinus;<a id="noteref_7" name="noteref_7" href= + "#note_7"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">7</span></span></a> who, + educated in the Church of Canterbury by those venerable and learned + men, Archbishop Theodore<a id="noteref_8" name="noteref_8" href= + "#note_8"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">8</span></span></a> of + blessed memory, and the Abbot Hadrian,<a id="noteref_9" name= + "noteref_9" href="#note_9"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">9</span></span></a> + transmitted to me by Nothelm,<a id="noteref_10" name="noteref_10" + href="#note_10"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">10</span></span></a> the + pious priest of the Church of London, either in writing, or by word + of mouth of the same Nothelm, all that he thought worthy of memory + that had been done in the province of Kent, or the adjacent parts, by + the disciples of the blessed Pope Gregory,<a id="noteref_11" name= + "noteref_11" href="#note_11"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">11</span></span></a> as he + had learned the same either from written records, or the traditions + of his predecessors. The same Nothelm, afterwards went to Rome, and + having, with leave of the present Pope Gregory,<a id="noteref_12" + name="noteref_12" href="#note_12"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">12</span></span></a> searched + into the archives of the Holy Roman Church, found there some epistles + of the blessed Pope Gregory, and other popes; and, returning home, by + the advice of the aforesaid most reverend father Albinus, brought + them to me, to be inserted in my history. Thus, from the beginning of + this volume to the time when the English nation received the faith of + Christ, we have acquired matter from the writings of former men, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page003">[pg 003]</span><a name="Pg003" + id="Pg003" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> gathered from various sources; + but from that time till the present, what was transacted in the + Church of Canterbury by the disciples of the blessed Pope Gregory or + their successors, and under what kings the same happened, has been + conveyed to us, as we have said, by Nothelm through the industry of + the aforesaid Abbot Albinus. They also partly informed me by what + bishops and under what kings the provinces of the East and West + Saxons, as also of the East Angles, and of the Northumbrians, + received the grace of the Gospel. In short, I was chiefly encouraged + to undertake this work by the exhortations of the same Albinus. In + like manner, Daniel,<a id="noteref_13" name="noteref_13" href= + "#note_13"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">13</span></span></a> the most + reverend Bishop of the West Saxons, who is still living, communicated + to me in writing some things relating to the Ecclesiastical History + of that province, and the adjoining one of the South Saxons, as also + of the Isle of Wight. But how, by the ministry of those holy priests + of Christ, Cedd<a id="noteref_14" name="noteref_14" href= + "#note_14"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">14</span></span></a> and + Ceadda,<a id="noteref_15" name="noteref_15" href= + "#note_15"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">15</span></span></a> the + province of the Mercians was brought to the faith of Christ, which + they knew not before, and how that of the East Saxons recovered the + faith after having rejected it, and how those fathers lived and died, + we learned from the brethren of the monastery, which was built by + them, and is called Laestingaeu.<a id="noteref_16" name="noteref_16" + href="#note_16"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">16</span></span></a> Further, + what ecclesiastical matters took place in the province of the East + Angles, was partly made known to us from the writings and tradition + of former men, and partly by the account of the most reverend Abbot + Esi.<a id="noteref_17" name="noteref_17" href="#note_17"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">17</span></span></a> What was + done with regard to the faith of Christ, and what was the episcopal + succession in the province of Lindsey,<a id="noteref_18" name= + "noteref_18" href="#note_18"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">18</span></span></a> we had + either from the letters of the most reverend <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page004">[pg 004]</span><a name="Pg004" id="Pg004" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> prelate Cynibert,<a id="noteref_19" name= + "noteref_19" href="#note_19"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">19</span></span></a> or by + word of mouth from other persons of good credit. But what was done in + the Church in the different parts of the province of Northumbria from + the time when they received the faith of Christ till this present, I + received not on the authority of any one man, but by the faithful + testimony of innumerable witnesses, who might know or remember the + same; besides what I had of my own knowledge. Wherein it is to be + observed, that what I have written concerning our most holy father, + Bishop Cuthbert,<a id="noteref_20" name="noteref_20" href= + "#note_20"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">20</span></span></a> either + in this volume, or in my account of his life and actions, I partly + took from what I found written of him by the brethren of the Church + of Lindisfarne,<a id="noteref_21" name="noteref_21" href= + "#note_21"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">21</span></span></a> + accepting without reserve the statements I found there; but at the + same time took care to add such things as I could myself have + knowledge of by the faithful testimony of trustworthy informants. And + I humbly entreat the reader, that if he shall find in these our + writings anything not delivered according to the truth, he will not + lay the blame of it on me, for, as the true rule of history requires, + withholding nothing, I have laboured to commit to writing such things + as I could gather from common report, for the instruction of + posterity.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Moreover, I + beseech all men who shall hear or read this history of our nation, + that for my infirmities both of mind and body, they will offer up + frequent intercessions to the throne of Grace. And I further pray, + that in recompense for the labour wherewith I have recorded in the + several provinces and more important places those events which I + considered worthy of note and of interest to their inhabitants, I may + for my reward have the benefit of their pious prayers.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page005">[pg 005]</span><a name= + "Pg005" id="Pg005" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc11" id="toc11"></a> <a name="pdf12" id="pdf12"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Book I</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc13" id="toc13"></a> <a name="pdf14" id="pdf14"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_I" id="Book_I_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. I. Of the Situation of Britain + and Ireland, and of their ancient inhabitants.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Britain, an + island in the Atlantic, formerly called Albion, lies to the + north-west, facing, though at a considerable distance, the coasts + of Germany, France, and Spain, which form the greatest part of + Europe. It extends 800 miles in length towards the north, and is + 200 miles in breadth, except where several promontories extend + further in breadth, by which its compass is made to be 4,875 + miles.<a id="noteref_22" name="noteref_22" href= + "#note_22"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">22</span></span></a> To the + south lies Belgic Gaul. To its nearest shore there is an easy + passage from the city of Rutubi Portus, by the English now + corrupted into Reptacaestir.<a id="noteref_23" name="noteref_23" + href="#note_23"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">23</span></span></a> The + distance from here across the sea to Gessoriacum,<a id="noteref_24" + name="noteref_24" href="#note_24"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">24</span></span></a> the + nearest shore in the territory of the Morini,<a id="noteref_25" + name="noteref_25" href="#note_25"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">25</span></span></a> is + fifty miles, or as some writers say, 450 furlongs. On the other + side of the island, where it opens upon the boundless ocean, it has + the islands called Orcades. Britain is rich in grain and trees, and + is well adapted for feeding cattle and beasts of burden. It also + produces vines in some places, and has plenty of land and water + fowl of divers sorts; it is remarkable also for rivers abounding in + fish, and plentiful springs. It has the greatest plenty of salmon + and eels; seals are also frequently taken, and dolphins, as also + whales; besides many sorts of shell-fish, such as mussels, in which + are often found excellent pearls of all colours, red, purple, + violet and green, but chiefly white. There is also a great + abundance of snails, of which the scarlet dye is made, a most + beautiful red, which never fades with the heat of the sun or + exposure to rain, but the older it is, the more beautiful it + becomes. It has both salt and hot <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page006">[pg 006]</span><a name="Pg006" id="Pg006" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> springs, and from them flow rivers which + furnish hot baths, proper for all ages and both sexes, in separate + places, according to their requirements. For water, as St. Basil + says,<a id="noteref_26" name="noteref_26" href= + "#note_26"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">26</span></span></a> + receives the quality of heat, when it runs along certain metals, + and becomes not only hot but scalding. Britain is rich also in + veins of metals, as copper, iron, lead, and silver; it produces a + great deal of excellent jet, which is black and sparkling, and + burns when put to the fire, and when set on fire, drives away + serpents; being warmed with rubbing, it attracts whatever is + applied to it, like amber. The island was formerly distinguished by + twenty-eight famous cities, besides innumerable forts, which were + all strongly secured with walls, towers, gates, and bars. And, + because it lies almost under the North Pole, the nights are light + in summer, so that at midnight the beholders are often in doubt + whether the evening twilight still continues, or that of the + morning has come; since the sun at night returns to the east in the + northern regions without passing far beneath the earth. For this + reason the days are of a great length in summer, and on the other + hand, the nights in winter are eighteen hours long, for the sun + then withdraws into southern parts. In like manner the nights are + very short in summer, and the days in winter, that is, only six + equinoctial hours. Whereas, in Armenia, Macedonia, Italy, and other + countries of the same latitude, the longest day or night extends + but to fifteen hours, and the shortest to nine.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There are in the + island at present, following the number of the books in which the + Divine Law was written, five<a id="noteref_27" name="noteref_27" + href="#note_27"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">27</span></span></a> + languages of different nations employed in the study and confession + of the one self-same knowledge, which is of highest truth and true + sublimity, to wit, English, British, Scottish, Pictish, and Latin, + the last having become common to all by the study of the + Scriptures. But at first this island had no other inhabitants but + the Britons, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page007">[pg + 007]</span><a name="Pg007" id="Pg007" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + from whom it derived its name, and who, coming over into Britain, + as is reported, from Armorica,<a id="noteref_28" name="noteref_28" + href="#note_28"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">28</span></span></a> + possessed themselves of the southern parts thereof. Starting from + the south, they had occupied the greater part of the island, when + it happened, that the nation of the Picts, putting to sea from + Scythia,<a id="noteref_29" name="noteref_29" href= + "#note_29"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">29</span></span></a> as is + reported, in a few ships of war, and being driven by the winds + beyond the bounds of Britain, came to Ireland and landed on its + northern shores. There, finding the nation of the Scots, they + begged to be allowed to settle among them, but could not succeed in + obtaining their request. Ireland is the largest island next to + Britain, and lies to the west of it; but as it is shorter than + Britain to the north, so, on the other hand, it runs out far beyond + it to the south, over against the northern part of Spain, though a + wide sea lies between them. The Picts then, as has been said, + arriving in this island by sea, desired to have a place granted + them in which they might settle. The Scots answered that the island + could not contain them both; but <span class="tei tei-q">“We can + give you good counsel,”</span> said they, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“whereby you may know what to do; we know there is + another island, not far from ours, to the eastward, which we often + see at a distance, when the days are clear. If you will go thither, + you can obtain settlements; or, if any should oppose you, we will + help you.”</span> The Picts, accordingly, sailing over into + Britain, began to inhabit the northern parts <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page008">[pg 008]</span><a name="Pg008" id="Pg008" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> thereof, for the Britons had possessed + themselves of the southern. Now the Picts had no wives, and asked + them of the Scots; who would not consent to grant them upon any + other terms, than that when any question should arise, they should + choose a king from the female royal race rather than from the male: + which custom, as is well known, has been observed among the Picts + to this day.<a id="noteref_30" name="noteref_30" href= + "#note_30"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">30</span></span></a> In + process of time, Britain, besides the Britons and the Picts, + received a third nation, the Scots, who, migrating from Ireland + under their leader, Reuda, either by fair means, or by force of + arms, secured to themselves those settlements among the Picts which + they still possess. From the name of their commander, they are to + this day called Dalreudini; for, in their language, Dal signifies a + part.<a id="noteref_31" name="noteref_31" href= + "#note_31"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">31</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Ireland is + broader than Britain and has a much healthier and milder climate; + for the snow scarcely ever lies there above three days: no man + makes hay in the summer for winter's provision, or builds stables + for his beasts of burden. No reptiles are found there, and no snake + can live there; for, though snakes are often carried thither out of + Britain, as soon as the ship comes near the shore, and the scent of + the air reaches them, they die. On the contrary, almost all things + in the island are efficacious against poison. In truth, we have + known that when men have been bitten by serpents, the scrapings of + leaves of books that were brought out of Ireland, being put into + water, and given them to drink, have immediately absorbed the + spreading poison, and assuaged the swelling.</p><span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page009">[pg 009]</span><a name="Pg009" id="Pg009" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The island + abounds in milk and honey, nor is there any lack of vines, fish, or + fowl; and it is noted for the hunting of stags and roe-deer. It is + properly the country of the Scots, who, migrating from thence, as + has been said, formed the third nation in Britain in addition to + the Britons and the Picts.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There is a very + large gulf of the sea, which formerly divided the nation of the + Britons from the Picts; it runs from the west far into the land, + where, to this day, stands a strong city of the Britons, called + Alcluith.<a id="noteref_32" name="noteref_32" href= + "#note_32"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">32</span></span></a> The + Scots, arriving on the north side of this bay, settled themselves + there.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc15" id="toc15"></a> <a name="pdf16" id="pdf16"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_II" id="Book_I_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. II. How Caius Julius Caesar was + the first Roman that came into Britain.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now Britain had + never been visited by the Romans, and was entirely unknown to them + before the time of Caius Julius Caesar, who, in the year 693 after + the foundation of Rome, but the sixtieth year<a id="noteref_33" + name="noteref_33" href="#note_33"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">33</span></span></a> before + the Incarnation of our Lord, was consul with Lucius Bibulus. While + he was making war upon the Germans and the Gauls, who were divided + only by the river Rhine, he came into the province of the Morini, + whence is the nearest and shortest passage into Britain. Here, + having provided about eighty ships of burden and fast-sailing + vessels, he sailed over into Britain; where, being first roughly + handled in a battle, and then caught in a storm, he lost a + considerable part of his fleet, no small number of foot-soldiers, + and almost all his cavalry. Returning into Gaul, he put his legions + into winter-quarters, and gave orders for building six hundred sail + of both sorts. With these he again crossed over early in spring + into Britain, but, whilst he was marching with the army against the + enemy, the ships, riding at anchor, were caught in a storm and + either dashed one against another, or driven upon the sands and + wrecked. Forty of them were lost, the rest <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page010">[pg 010]</span><a name="Pg010" id="Pg010" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> were, with much difficulty, repaired. + Caesar's cavalry was, at the first encounter, defeated by the + Britons, and there Labienus, the tribune, was slain. In the second + engagement, with great hazard to his men, he defeated the Britons + and put them to flight. Thence he proceeded to the river Thames, + where a great multitude of the enemy had posted themselves on the + farther side of the river, under the command of + Cassobellaunus,<a id="noteref_34" name="noteref_34" href= + "#note_34"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">34</span></span></a> and + fenced the bank of the river and almost all the ford under water + with sharp stakes: the remains of these are to be seen to this day, + apparently about the thickness of a man's thigh, cased with lead, + and fixed immovably in the bottom of the river. This being + perceived and avoided by the Romans, the barbarians, not able to + stand the charge of the legions, hid themselves in the woods, + whence they grievously harassed the Romans with repeated sallies. + In the meantime, the strong state of the Trinovantes,<a id= + "noteref_35" name="noteref_35" href="#note_35"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">35</span></span></a> with + their commander Androgius,<a id="noteref_36" name="noteref_36" + href="#note_36"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">36</span></span></a> + surrendered to Caesar, giving him forty hostages. Many other + cities, following their example, made a treaty with the Romans. + Guided by them, Caesar at length, after severe fighting, took the + town of Cassobellaunus,<a id="noteref_37" name="noteref_37" href= + "#note_37"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">37</span></span></a> + situated between two marshes, fortified by sheltering woods, and + plentifully furnished with all necessaries. After this, Caesar + returned from Britain into Gaul, but he had no sooner put his + legions into winter quarters, than he was suddenly beset and + distracted with wars and sudden risings on every side.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page011">[pg 011]</span><a name= + "Pg011" id="Pg011" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc17" id="toc17"></a> <a name="pdf18" id="pdf18"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_III" id="Book_I_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. III. How Claudius, the second + of the Romans who came into Britain, brought the islands Orcades + into subjection to the Roman empire; and Vespasian, sent by him, + reduced the Isle of Wight under the dominion of the + Romans.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + Rome 798,<a id="noteref_38" name="noteref_38" href= + "#note_38"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">38</span></span></a> + Claudius, fourth emperor from Augustus, being desirous to approve + himself a prince beneficial to the republic, and eagerly bent upon + war and conquest on every side, undertook an expedition into + Britain, which as it appeared, was roused to rebellion by the + refusal of the Romans to give up certain deserters. No one before + or after Julius Caesar had dared to land upon the island. Claudius + crossed over to it, and within a very few days, without any + fighting or bloodshed, the greater part of the island was + surrendered into his hands. He also added to the Roman empire the + Orcades,<a id="noteref_39" name="noteref_39" href= + "#note_39"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">39</span></span></a> which + lie in the ocean beyond Britain, and, returning to Rome in the + sixth month after his departure, he gave his son the title of + Britannicus. This war he concluded in the fourth year of his reign, + which is the forty-sixth from the Incarnation of our Lord. In which + year there came to pass a most grievous famine in Syria, which is + recorded in the Acts of the Apostles to have been foretold by the + prophet Agabus.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Vespasian,<a id= + "noteref_40" name="noteref_40" href="#note_40"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">40</span></span></a> who + was emperor after Nero, being sent into Britain by the same + Claudius, brought also under the Roman dominion the Isle of Wight, + which is close to Britain on the south, and is about thirty miles + in length from east to west, and twelve from north to south; being + six miles distant from the southern coast of Britain at the east + end, and three at the west. Nero, succeeding Claudius in the + empire, undertook no wars at all; and, therefore, among countless + other disasters brought by him upon the Roman state, he almost lost + Britain; for <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page012">[pg + 012]</span><a name="Pg012" id="Pg012" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + in his time two most notable towns were there taken and + destroyed.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc19" id="toc19"></a> <a name="pdf20" id="pdf20"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_IV" id="Book_I_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IV. How Lucius, king of + Britain, writing to Pope Eleutherus, desired to be made a + Christian.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 156, Marcus Antoninus Verus,<a id="noteref_41" name= + "noteref_41" href="#note_41"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">41</span></span></a> the + fourteenth from Augustus, was made emperor, together with his + brother, Aurelius Commodus. In their time, whilst the holy + Eleutherus presided over the Roman Church, Lucius, king of Britain, + sent a letter to him, entreating that by a mandate from him he + might be made a Christian.<a id="noteref_42" name="noteref_42" + href="#note_42"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">42</span></span></a> He + soon obtained his pious request, and the Britons preserved the + faith, which they had received, uncorrupted and entire, in peace + and tranquillity until the time of the Emperor Diocletian.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc21" id="toc21"></a> <a name="pdf22" id="pdf22"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_V" id="Book_I_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. V. How the Emperor Severus + divided from the rest by a rampart that part of Britain which had + been recovered.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 189, Severus, an African, born at Leptis, in the province + of Tripolis, became emperor.<a id="noteref_43" name="noteref_43" + href="#note_43"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">43</span></span></a> He was + the seventeenth from Augustus, and reigned seventeen years. Being + naturally of a harsh disposition, and engaged in many wars, he + governed the state vigorously, but with much trouble. Having been + victorious in all the grievous civil wars which happened in his + time, he was drawn into Britain by the revolt of almost all the + confederated tribes; and, after many great and severe battles, he + thought fit to divide that part of the island, which he had + recovered, from the other unconquered nations, not <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page013">[pg 013]</span><a name="Pg013" id="Pg013" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> with a wall, as some imagine, but with + a rampart.<a id="noteref_44" name="noteref_44" href= + "#note_44"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">44</span></span></a> For a + wall is made of stones, but a rampart, with which camps are + fortified to repel the assaults of enemies, is made of sods, cut + out of the earth, and raised high above the ground, like a wall, + having in front of it the trench whence the sods were taken, with + strong stakes of wood fixed above it. Thus Severus drew a great + trench and strong rampart, fortified with several towers, from sea + to sea. And there, at York, he fell sick afterwards and died, + leaving two sons, Bassianus and Geta;<a id="noteref_45" name= + "noteref_45" href="#note_45"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">45</span></span></a> of + whom Geta died, adjudged an enemy of the State; but Bassianus, + having taken the surname of Antonius, obtained the empire.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc23" id="toc23"></a> <a name="pdf24" id="pdf24"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_VI" id="Book_I_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VI. Of the reign of Diocletian, + and how he persecuted the Christians.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 286,<a id="noteref_46" name="noteref_46" href= + "#note_46"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">46</span></span></a> + Diocletian, the thirty-third from Augustus, and chosen emperor by + the army, reigned twenty years, and created Maximian, surnamed + Herculius, his colleague in the empire. In their time, one + Carausius,<a id="noteref_47" name="noteref_47" href= + "#note_47"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">47</span></span></a> of + very mean birth, but a man of great ability and energy, being + appointed to guard the sea-coasts, then infested by the Franks and + Saxons, acted more to the prejudice than to the advantage of the + commonwealth, by not restoring to its owners any of the booty taken + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page014">[pg 014]</span><a name= + "Pg014" id="Pg014" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> from the robbers, + but keeping all to himself; thus giving rise to the suspicion that + by intentional neglect he suffered the enemy to infest the + frontiers. When, therefore, an order was sent by Maximian that he + should be put to death, he took upon him the imperial purple, and + possessed himself of Britain, and having most valiantly conquered + and held it for the space of seven years, he was at length put to + death by the treachery of his associate Allectus.<a id="noteref_48" + name="noteref_48" href="#note_48"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">48</span></span></a> The + usurper, having thus got the island from Carausius, held it three + years, and was then vanquished by Asclepiodotus,<a id="noteref_49" + name="noteref_49" href="#note_49"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">49</span></span></a> the + captain of the Praetorian guards, who thus at the end of ten years + restored Britain to the Roman empire.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Meanwhile, + Diocletian in the east, and Maximian Herculius in the west, + commanded the churches to be destroyed, and the Christians to be + persecuted and slain. This persecution was the tenth since the + reign of Nero, and was more lasting and cruel than almost any + before it; for it was carried on incessantly for the space of ten + years, with burning of churches, proscription of innocent persons, + and the slaughter of martyrs. Finally, Britain also attained to the + great glory of bearing faithful witness to God.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc25" id="toc25"></a> <a name="pdf26" id="pdf26"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VII. The Passion of St. Alban + and his companions, who at that time shed their blood for our + Lord.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time + suffered St. Alban,<a id="noteref_50" name="noteref_50" href= + "#note_50"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">50</span></span></a> of + whom the priest Fortunatus,<a id="noteref_51" name="noteref_51" + href="#note_51"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">51</span></span></a> in the + Praise of Virgins, where he makes <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page015">[pg 015]</span><a name="Pg015" id="Pg015" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> mention of the blessed martyrs that came to + the Lord from all parts of the world, says:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 0.90em; margin-top: 0.90em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">And fruitful Britain noble Alban + rears.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This Alban, + being yet a pagan, at the time when at the bidding of unbelieving + rulers all manner of cruelty was practised against the Christians, + gave entertainment in his house to a certain clerk,<a id= + "noteref_52" name="noteref_52" href="#note_52"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">52</span></span></a> flying + from his persecutors. This man he observed to be engaged in + continual prayer and watching day and night; when on a sudden the + Divine grace shining on him, he began to imitate the example of + faith and piety which was set before him, and being gradually + instructed by his wholesome admonitions, he cast off the darkness + of idolatry, and became a Christian in all sincerity of heart. The + aforesaid clerk having been some days entertained by him, it came + to the ears of the impious prince, that a confessor of Christ, to + whom a martyr's place had not yet been assigned, was concealed at + Alban's house. Whereupon he sent some soldiers to make a strict + search after him. When they came to the martyr's hut, St. Alban + presently came forth to the soldiers, instead of his guest and + master, in the habit or long coat which he wore, and was bound and + led before the judge.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It happened that + the judge, at the time when Alban was carried before him, was + standing at the altar, and offering sacrifice to devils. When he + saw Alban, being much enraged that he should thus, of his own + accord, dare to put himself into the hands of the soldiers, and + incur such danger on behalf of the guest whom he had harboured, he + commanded him to be dragged to the images of the devils, before + which he stood, saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Because you have + chosen to conceal a rebellious and sacrilegious man, rather than to + deliver him up to the soldiers, that his contempt of the gods might + meet with the penalty due to such blasphemy, you shall undergo all + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page016">[pg 016]</span><a name= + "Pg016" id="Pg016" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the punishment that + was due to him, if you seek to abandon the worship of our + religion.”</span> But St. Alban, who had voluntarily declared + himself a Christian to the persecutors of the faith, was not at all + daunted by the prince's threats, but putting on the armour of + spiritual warfare, publicly declared that he would not obey his + command. Then said the judge, <span class="tei tei-q">“Of what + family or race are you?”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“What does + it concern you,”</span> answered Alban, <span class="tei tei-q">“of + what stock I am? If you desire to hear the truth of my religion, be + it known to you, that I am now a Christian, and free to fulfil + Christian duties.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“I ask your + name,”</span> said the judge; <span class="tei tei-q">“tell me it + immediately.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“I am called Alban by + my parents,”</span> replied he; <span class="tei tei-q">“and I + worship ever and adore the true and living God, Who created all + things.”</span> Then the judge, filled with anger, said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“If you would enjoy the happiness of + eternal life, do not delay to offer sacrifice to the great + gods.”</span> Alban rejoined, <span class="tei tei-q">“These + sacrifices, which by you are offered to devils, neither can avail + the worshippers, nor fulfil the desires and petitions of the + suppliants. Rather, whosoever shall offer sacrifice to these + images, shall receive the everlasting pains of hell for his + reward.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The judge, + hearing these words, and being much incensed, ordered this holy + confessor of God to be scourged by the executioners, believing that + he might by stripes shake that constancy of heart, on which he + could not prevail by words. He, being most cruelly tortured, bore + the same patiently, or rather joyfully, for our Lord's sake. When + the judge perceived that he was not to be overcome by tortures, or + withdrawn from the exercise of the Christian religion, he ordered + him to be put to death. Being led to execution, he came to a river, + which, with a most rapid course, ran between the wall of the town + and the arena where he was to be executed.<a id="noteref_53" name= + "noteref_53" href="#note_53"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">53</span></span></a> He + there saw a great multitude of persons of both sexes, and of divers + ages and conditions, who were doubtless assembled by Divine + inspiration, to attend the blessed confessor and martyr, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page017">[pg 017]</span><a name= + "Pg017" id="Pg017" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> and had so filled + the bridge over the river, that he could scarce pass over that + evening. In truth, almost all had gone out, so that the judge + remained in the city without attendance. St. Alban, therefore, + urged by an ardent and devout wish to attain the sooner to + martyrdom, drew near to the stream, and lifted up his eyes to + heaven, whereupon the channel was immediately dried up, and he + perceived that the water had given place and made way for him to + pass. Among the rest, the executioner, who should have put him to + death, observed this, and moved doubtless by Divine inspiration + hastened to meet him at the appointed place of execution, and + casting away the sword which he had carried ready drawn, fell at + his feet, praying earnestly that he might rather be accounted + worthy to suffer with the martyr, whom he was ordered to execute, + or, if possible, instead of him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Whilst he was + thus changed from a persecutor into a companion in the faith and + truth, and the other executioners rightly hesitated to take up the + sword which was lying on the ground, the holy confessor, + accompanied by the multitude, ascended a hill, about half a mile + from the arena, beautiful, as was fitting, and of most pleasing + appearance, adorned, or rather clothed, everywhere with flowers of + many colours, nowhere steep or precipitous or of sheer descent, but + with a long, smooth natural slope, like a plain, on its sides, a + place altogether worthy from of old, by reason of its native + beauty, to be consecrated by the blood of a blessed martyr. On the + top of this hill, St. Alban prayed that God would give him water, + and immediately a living spring, confined in its channel, sprang up + at his feet, so that all men acknowledged that even the stream had + yielded its service to the martyr. For it was impossible that the + martyr, who had left no water remaining in the river, should desire + it on the top of the hill, unless he thought it fitting. The river + then having done service and fulfilled the pious duty, returned to + its natural course, leaving a testimony of its obedience.<a id= + "noteref_54" name="noteref_54" href="#note_54"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">54</span></span></a> Here, + therefore, the head of the undaunted martyr was <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page018">[pg 018]</span><a name="Pg018" id="Pg018" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> struck off, and here he received the + crown of life, which God has promised to them that love him. But he + who laid impious hands on the holy man's neck was not permitted to + rejoice over his dead body; for his eyes dropped upon the ground at + the same moment as the blessed martyr's head fell.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At the same time + was also beheaded the soldier, who before, through the Divine + admonition, refused to strike the holy confessor. Of whom it is + apparent, that though he was not purified by the waters of baptism, + yet he was cleansed by the washing of his own blood, and rendered + worthy to enter the kingdom of heaven. Then the judge, astonished + at the unwonted sight of so many heavenly miracles, ordered the + persecution to cease immediately, and began to honour the death of + the saints, by which he once thought that they might have been + turned from their zeal for the Christian faith. The blessed Alban + suffered death on the twenty-second day of June, near the city of + Verulam,<a id="noteref_55" name="noteref_55" href= + "#note_55"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">55</span></span></a> which + is now by the English nation called Verlamacaestir, or + Vaeclingacaestir, where afterwards, when peaceable Christian times + were restored, a church of wonderful workmanship, and altogether + worthy to commemorate his martyrdom, was erected.<a id="noteref_56" + name="noteref_56" href="#note_56"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">56</span></span></a> In + which place the cure of sick persons and the frequent working of + wonders cease not to this day.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time + suffered Aaron and Julius,<a id="noteref_57" name="noteref_57" + href="#note_57"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">57</span></span></a> + citizens of the City of Legions,<a id="noteref_58" name= + "noteref_58" href="#note_58"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">58</span></span></a> and + many more of both sexes in divers places; who, after that they had + endured sundry torments, and their limbs had been mangled after an + unheard-of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page019">[pg + 019]</span><a name="Pg019" id="Pg019" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + manner, when their warfare was accomplished, yielded their souls up + to the joys of the heavenly city.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc27" id="toc27"></a> <a name="pdf28" id="pdf28"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_VIII" id="Book_I_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VIII. How, when the persecution + ceased, the Church in Britain enjoyed peace till the time of the + Arian heresy.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the storm + of persecution ceased, the faithful Christians, who, during the + time of danger, had hidden themselves in woods and deserts and + secret caves, came forth and rebuilt the churches which had been + levelled to the ground; founded, erected, and finished the + cathedrals raised in honour of the holy martyrs, and, as if + displaying their conquering standards in all places, celebrated + festivals and performed their sacred rites with pure hearts and + lips. This peace continued in the Christian churches of Britain + until the time of the Arian madness, which, having corrupted the + whole world, infected this island also, so far removed from the + rest of the world, with the poison of its error; and when once a + way was opened across the sea for that plague, straightway all the + taint of every heresy fell upon the island, ever desirous to hear + some new thing, and never holding firm to any sure belief.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time + Constantius, who, whilst Diocletian was alive, governed Gaul and + Spain, a man of great clemency and urbanity, died in Britain. This + man left his son Constantine,<a id="noteref_59" name="noteref_59" + href="#note_59"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">59</span></span></a> born + of Helena, his concubine, emperor of the Gauls. Eutropius writes + that Constantine, being created emperor in Britain, succeeded his + father in the sovereignty. In his time the Arian heresy broke out, + and although it was exposed and condemned in the Council of + Nicaea,<a id="noteref_60" name="noteref_60" href= + "#note_60"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">60</span></span></a> + nevertheless, the deadly poison of its evil spread, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page020">[pg 020]</span><a name="Pg020" id="Pg020" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> as has been said, to the Churches in + the islands, as well as to those of the rest of the world.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc29" id="toc29"></a> <a name="pdf30" id="pdf30"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_IX" id="Book_I_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IX. How during the reign of + Gratian, Maximus, being created Emperor in Britain, returned into + Gaul with a mighty army.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 377,<a id="noteref_61" name="noteref_61" href= + "#note_61"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">61</span></span></a> + Gratian, the fortieth from Augustus, held the empire for six years + after the death of Valens; though he had long before reigned with + his uncle Valens, and his brother Valentinian. Finding the + condition of the commonwealth much impaired, and almost gone to + ruin, and impelled by the necessity of restoring it, he invested + the Spaniard, Theodosius, with the purple at Sirmium, and made him + emperor of Thrace and the Eastern provinces. At that time, + Maximus,<a id="noteref_62" name="noteref_62" href= + "#note_62"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">62</span></span></a> a man + of energy and probity, and worthy of the title of Augustus, if he + had not broken his oath of allegiance, was made emperor by the army + somewhat against his will, passed over into Gaul, and there by + treachery slew the Emperor Gratian, who in consternation at his + sudden invasion, was attempting to escape into Italy. His brother, + the Emperor Valentinian, expelled from Italy, fled into the East, + where he was entertained by Theodosius with fatherly affection, and + soon restored to the empire, for Maximus the tyrant, being shut up + in Aquileia, was there taken by them and put to death.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc31" id="toc31"></a> <a name="pdf32" id="pdf32"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_X" id="Book_I_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. X. How, in the reign of + Arcadius, Pelagius, a Briton, insolently impugned the Grace of + God.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 394,<a id="noteref_63" name="noteref_63" href= + "#note_63"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">63</span></span></a> + Arcadius, the son of Theodosius, the forty-third from Augustus, + succeeding to <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page021">[pg + 021]</span><a name="Pg021" id="Pg021" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the empire, with his brother Honorius, held it thirteen years. In + his time, Pelagius,<a id="noteref_64" name="noteref_64" href= + "#note_64"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">64</span></span></a> a + Briton, spread far and near the infection of his perfidious + doctrine, denying the assistance of the Divine grace, being + seconded therein by his associate Julianus of Campania,<a id= + "noteref_65" name="noteref_65" href="#note_65"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">65</span></span></a> who + was impelled by an uncontrolled desire to recover his bishopric, of + which he had been deprived. St. Augustine, and the other orthodox + fathers, quoted many thousand catholic authorities against them, + but failed to amend their folly; nay, more, their madness being + rebuked was rather increased by contradiction than suffered by them + to be purified through adherence to the truth; which Prosper, the + rhetorician,<a id="noteref_66" name="noteref_66" href= + "#note_66"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">66</span></span></a> has + beautifully expressed thus in heroic<a id="noteref_67" name= + "noteref_67" href="#note_67"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">67</span></span></a> + verse:—</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">They tell that one, erewhile consumed + with gnawing spite, snake-like attacked Augustine in his writings. + Who urged the wretched viper to raise from the ground his head, + howsoever hidden in dens of darkness? Either the sea-girt Britons + reared him with the fruit of their soil, or fed on Campanian + pastures his heart swells with pride.</span> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page022">[pg 022]</span><a name= + "Pg022" id="Pg022" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc33" id="toc33"></a> <a name="pdf34" id="pdf34"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XI" id="Book_I_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XI. How during the reign of + Honorius, Gratian and Constantine were created tyrants in Britain; + and soon after the former was slain in Britain, and the latter in + Gaul.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 407,<a id="noteref_68" name="noteref_68" href= + "#note_68"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">68</span></span></a> + Honorius, the younger son of Theodosius, and the forty-fourth from + Augustus, being emperor, two years before the invasion of Rome by + Alaric, king of the Goths, when the nations of the Alani, Suevi, + Vandals, and many others with them, having defeated the Franks and + passed the Rhine, ravaged all Gaul, Gratianus, a citizen of the + country, was set up as tyrant in Britain and killed. In his place, + Constantine, one of the meanest soldiers, only for the hope + afforded by his name, and without any worth to recommend him, was + chosen emperor. As soon as he had taken upon him the command, he + crossed over into Gaul, where being often imposed upon by the + barbarians with untrustworthy treaties, he did more harm than good + to the Commonwealth.<a id="noteref_69" name="noteref_69" href= + "#note_69"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">69</span></span></a> + Whereupon Count Constantius,<a id="noteref_70" name="noteref_70" + href="#note_70"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">70</span></span></a> by the + command of Honorius, marching into Gaul with an army, besieged him + in the city of Arles, took him prisoner, and put him to death. His + son Constans, a monk, whom he had created Caesar, was also put to + death by his own follower Count Gerontius,<a id="noteref_71" name= + "noteref_71" href="#note_71"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">71</span></span></a> at + Vienne.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page023">[pg + 023]</span><a name="Pg023" id="Pg023" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Rome was taken + by the Goths, in the year from its foundation, 1164.<a id= + "noteref_72" name="noteref_72" href="#note_72"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">72</span></span></a> Then + the Romans ceased to rule in Britain, almost 470 years after Caius + Julius Caesar came to the island. They dwelt within the rampart, + which, as we have mentioned, Severus made across the island, on the + south side of it, as the cities, watch-towers,<a id="noteref_73" + name="noteref_73" href="#note_73"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">73</span></span></a> + bridges, and paved roads there made testify to this day; but they + had a right of dominion over the farther parts of Britain, as also + over the islands that are beyond Britain.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc35" id="toc35"></a> <a name="pdf36" id="pdf36"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XII" id="Book_I_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XII. How the Britons, being + ravaged by the Scots and Picts, sought succour from the Romans, who + coming a second time, built a wall across the island; but when this + was broken down at once by the aforesaid enemies, they were reduced + to greater distress than before.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">From that time, + the British part of Britain, destitute of armed soldiers, of all + military stores, and of the whole flower of its active youth, who + had been led away by the rashness of the tyrants never to return, + was wholly exposed to rapine, the people being altogether ignorant + of the use of weapons. Whereupon they suffered many years from the + sudden invasions of two very savage nations from beyond the sea, + the Scots from the west, and the Picts from the north. We call + these nations from beyond the sea, not on account of their being + seated out of Britain, but because they were separated from that + part of it which was possessed by the Britons, two broad and long + inlets of the sea lying between them, one of which runs into the + interior of Britain, from the Eastern Sea, and the other from the + Western, though they do not reach so far as to touch one another. + The eastern has in the midst of it the city Giudi.<a id= + "noteref_74" name="noteref_74" href="#note_74"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">74</span></span></a> On the + Western Sea, that is, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page024">[pg + 024]</span><a name="Pg024" id="Pg024" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + on its right shore, stands the city of Alcluith,<a id="noteref_75" + name="noteref_75" href="#note_75"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">75</span></span></a> which + in their language signifies the Rock Cluith, for it is close by the + river of that name.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On account of + the attacks of these nations, the Britons sent messengers to Rome + with letters piteously praying for succour, and promising perpetual + subjection, provided that the impending enemy should be driven + away. An armed legion was immediately sent them, which, arriving in + the island, and engaging the enemy, slew a great multitude of them, + drove the rest out of the territories of their allies, and having + in the meanwhile delivered them from their worst distress, advised + them to build a wall between the two seas across the island, that + it might secure them by keeping off the enemy. So they returned + home with great triumph. But the islanders building the wall which + they had been told to raise, not of stone, since they had no + workmen capable of such a work, but of sods, made it of no use. + Nevertheless, they carried it for many miles between the two bays + or inlets of the sea of which we have spoken;<a id="noteref_76" + name="noteref_76" href="#note_76"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">76</span></span></a> to the + end that where the protection of the water was wanting, they might + use the rampart to defend their borders from the irruptions of the + enemies. Of the work there erected, that is, of a rampart of great + breadth and height, there are evident remains to be seen at this + day. It begins at about two miles' distance from the monastery of + Aebbercurnig,<a id="noteref_77" name="noteref_77" href= + "#note_77"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">77</span></span></a> west + of it, at a place called in the Pictish language Peanfahel,<a id= + "noteref_78" name="noteref_78" href="#note_78"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">78</span></span></a> but in + the English tongue, Penneltun, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page025">[pg 025]</span><a name="Pg025" id="Pg025" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> and running westward, ends near the city of + Alcluith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But the former + enemies, when they perceived that the Roman soldiers were gone, + immediately coming by sea, broke into the borders, trampled and + overran all places, and like men mowing ripe corn, bore down all + before them. Hereupon messengers were again sent to Rome miserably + imploring aid, lest their wretched country should be utterly + blotted out, and the name of a Roman province, so long renowned + among them, overthrown by the cruelties of foreign races, might + become utterly contemptible. A legion was accordingly sent again, + and, arriving unexpectedly in autumn, made great slaughter of the + enemy, obliging all those that could escape, to flee beyond the + sea; whereas before, they were wont yearly to carry off their booty + without any opposition. Then the Romans declared to the Britons, + that they could not for the future undertake such troublesome + expeditions for their sake, and advised them rather to take up arms + and make an effort to engage their enemies, who could not prove too + powerful for them, unless they themselves were enervated by + cowardice. Moreover, thinking that it might be some help to the + allies, whom they were forced to abandon, they constructed a strong + stone wall from sea to sea, in a straight line between the towns + that had been there built for fear of the enemy, where Severus also + had formerly built a rampart.<a id="noteref_79" name="noteref_79" + href="#note_79"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">79</span></span></a> This + famous wall, which is still to be seen, was raised at public and + private expense, the Britons also lending their assistance. It is + eight feet in breadth, and twelve in height, in a straight line + from east to west, as is still evident to <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page026">[pg 026]</span><a name="Pg026" id="Pg026" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> beholders. This being presently finished, + they gave the dispirited people good advice, and showed them how to + furnish themselves with arms. Besides, they built towers to command + a view of the sea, at intervals, on the southern coast, where their + ships lay, because there also the invasions of the barbarians were + apprehended, and so took leave of their allies, never to return + again.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After their + departure to their own country, the Scots and Picts, understanding + that they had refused to return, at once came back, and growing + more confident than they had been before, occupied all the northern + and farthest part of the island, driving out the natives, as far as + the wall. Hereupon a timorous guard was placed upon the + fortification, where, dazed with fear, they became ever more + dispirited day by day. On the other side, the enemy constantly + attacked them with barbed weapons, by which the cowardly defenders + were dragged in piteous fashion from the wall, and dashed against + the ground. At last, the Britons, forsaking their cities and wall, + took to flight and were scattered. The enemy pursued, and forthwith + followed a massacre more grievous than ever before; for the + wretched natives were torn in pieces by their enemies, as lambs are + torn by wild beasts. Thus, being expelled from their dwellings and + lands, they saved themselves from the immediate danger of + starvation by robbing and plundering one another, adding to the + calamities inflicted by the enemy their own domestic broils, till + the whole country was left destitute of food except such as could + be procured in the chase.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc37" id="toc37"></a> <a name="pdf38" id="pdf38"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XIII" id="Book_I_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIII. How in the reign of + Theodosius the younger, in whose time Palladius was sent to the + Scots that believed in Christ, the Britons begging assistance of + Ætius, the consul, could not obtain it. [446</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 423, Theodosius, the younger, the forty-fifth from + Augustus, succeeded Honorius and governed the Roman empire + twenty-six years. In the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page027">[pg + 027]</span><a name="Pg027" id="Pg027" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + eighth year of his reign,<a id="noteref_80" name="noteref_80" href= + "#note_80"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">80</span></span></a> + Palladius was sent by Celestinus, the Roman pontiff, to the Scots + that believed in Christ, to be their first bishop. In the + twenty-third year of his reign, Aetius,<a id="noteref_81" name= + "noteref_81" href="#note_81"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">81</span></span></a> a man + of note and a patrician, discharged his third consulship with + Symmachus for his colleague. To him the wretched remnant of the + Britons sent a letter, which began thus:—<span class= + "tei tei-q">“To Aetius, thrice Consul, the groans of the + Britons.”</span> And in the sequel of the letter they thus unfolded + their woes:—<span class="tei tei-q">“The barbarians drive us to the + sea; the sea drives us back to the barbarians: between them we are + exposed to two sorts of death; we are either slaughtered or + drowned.”</span> Yet, for all this, they could not obtain any help + from him, as he was then engaged in most serious wars with Bledla + and Attila, kings of the Huns. And though the year before + this<a id="noteref_82" name="noteref_82" href= + "#note_82"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">82</span></span></a> Bledla + had been murdered by the treachery of his own brother Attila, yet + Attila himself remained so intolerable an enemy to the Republic, + that he ravaged almost all Europe, attacking and destroying cities + and castles. At the same time there was a famine at Constantinople, + and soon after a plague followed; moreover, a great part of the + wall of that city, with fifty-seven towers, fell to the ground. + Many cities also went to ruin, and the famine and pestilential + state of the air destroyed thousands of men and cattle.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page028">[pg 028]</span><a name= + "Pg028" id="Pg028" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc39" id="toc39"></a> <a name="pdf40" id="pdf40"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIV. How the Britons, compelled + by the great famine, drove the barbarians out of their territories; + and soon after there ensued, along with abundance of corn, decay of + morals, pestilence, and the downfall of the nation.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + the aforesaid famine distressing the Britons more and more, and + leaving to posterity a lasting memory of its mischievous effects, + obliged many of them to submit themselves to the depredators; + though others still held out, putting their trust in God, when + human help failed. These continually made raids from the mountains, + caves, and woods, and, at length, began to inflict severe losses on + their enemies, who had been for so many years plundering the + country. The bold Irish robbers thereupon returned home, intending + to come again before long. The Picts then settled down in the + farthest part of the island and afterwards remained there, but they + did not fail to plunder and harass the Britons from time to + time.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, when the + ravages of the enemy at length abated, the island began to abound + with such plenty of grain as had never been known in any age + before; along with plenty, evil living increased, and this was + immediately attended by the taint of all manner of crime; in + particular, cruelty, hatred of truth, and love of falsehood; + insomuch, that if any one among them happened to be milder than the + rest, and more inclined to truth, all the rest abhorred and + persecuted him unrestrainedly, as if he had been the enemy of + Britain. Nor were the laity only guilty of these things, but even + our Lord's own flock, with its shepherds, casting off the easy yoke + of Christ, gave themselves up to drunkenness, enmity, quarrels, + strife, envy, and other such sins. In the meantime, on a sudden, a + grievous plague fell upon that corrupt generation, which soon + destroyed such numbers of them, that the living scarcely availed to + bury the dead: yet, those that survived, could not be recalled from + the spiritual death, which they had incurred through their + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page029">[pg 029]</span><a name= + "Pg029" id="Pg029" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> sins, either by the + death of their friends, or the fear of death. Whereupon, not long + after, a more severe vengeance for their fearful crimes fell upon + the sinful nation. They held a council to determine what was to be + done, and where they should seek help to prevent or repel the cruel + and frequent incursions of the northern nations; and in concert + with their King Vortigern,<a id="noteref_83" name="noteref_83" + href="#note_83"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">83</span></span></a> it was + unanimously decided to call the Saxons to their aid from beyond the + sea, which, as the event plainly showed, was brought about by the + Lord's will, that evil might fall upon them for their wicked + deeds.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc41" id="toc41"></a> <a name="pdf42" id="pdf42"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XV" id="Book_I_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XV. How the Angles, being + invited into Britain, at first drove off the enemy; but not long + after, making a league with them, turned their weapons against + their allies.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 449,<a id="noteref_84" name="noteref_84" href= + "#note_84"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">84</span></span></a> + Marcian, the forty-sixth from Augustus, being made emperor with + Valentinian, ruled the empire seven years. Then the nation of the + Angles, or Saxons,<a id="noteref_85" name="noteref_85" href= + "#note_85"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">85</span></span></a> being + invited by the aforesaid king,<a id="noteref_86" name="noteref_86" + href="#note_86"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">86</span></span></a> + arrived in Britain with three ships of war and had a place in which + to settle assigned to them by the same king, in the eastern part of + the island, on the pretext of fighting in defence of their country, + whilst their real intentions were to conquer it. Accordingly they + engaged with the enemy, who were come from the north to give + battle, and the Saxons obtained the victory. When the news of their + success and of the fertility of the country, and the cowardice of + the Britons, reached their own home, a <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page030">[pg 030]</span><a name="Pg030" id="Pg030" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> more considerable fleet was quickly sent + over, bringing a greater number of men, and these, being added to + the former army, made up an invincible force. The newcomers + received of the Britons a place to inhabit among them, upon + condition that they should wage war against their enemies for the + peace and security of the country, whilst the Britons agreed to + furnish them with pay. Those who came over were of the three most + powerful nations of Germany—Saxons, Angles, and Jutes. From the + Jutes are descended the people of Kent, and of the Isle of Wight, + including those in the province of the West-Saxons who are to this + day called Jutes, seated opposite to the Isle of Wight. From the + Saxons, that is, the country which is now called Old Saxony, came + the East-Saxons, the South-Saxons, and the West-Saxons. From the + Angles, that is, the country which is called Angulus,<a id= + "noteref_87" name="noteref_87" href="#note_87"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">87</span></span></a> and + which is said, from that time, to have remained desert to this day, + between the provinces of the Jutes and the Saxons, are descended + the East-Angles, the Midland-Angles, the Mercians, all the race of + the Northumbrians, that is, of those nations that dwell on the + north side of the river Humber, and the other nations of the + Angles. The first commanders are said to have been the two brothers + Hengist and Horsa. Of these Horsa was afterwards slain in battle by + the Britons,<a id="noteref_88" name="noteref_88" href= + "#note_88"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">88</span></span></a> and a + monument, bearing his name, is still in existence in the eastern + parts of Kent. They were the sons of Victgilsus, whose father was + Vitta, son of Vecta, son of Woden; from whose stock the royal race + of many provinces trace their descent. In a short time, swarms of + the aforesaid nations came over into the island, and the foreigners + began to increase so much, that they became a source of terror to + the natives themselves <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page031">[pg + 031]</span><a name="Pg031" id="Pg031" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + who had invited them. Then, having on a sudden entered into league + with the Picts, whom they had by this time repelled by force of + arms, they began to turn their weapons against their allies. At + first, they obliged them to furnish a greater quantity of + provisions; and, seeking an occasion of quarrel, protested, that + unless more plentiful supplies were brought them, they would break + the league, and ravage all the island; nor were they backward in + putting their threats into execution. In short, the fire kindled by + the hands of the pagans, proved God's just vengeance for the crimes + of the people; not unlike that which, being of old lighted by the + Chaldeans, consumed the walls and all the buildings of Jerusalem. + For here, too, through the agency of the pitiless conqueror, yet by + the disposal of the just Judge, it ravaged all the neighbouring + cities and country, spread the conflagration from the eastern to + the western sea, without any opposition, and overran the whole face + of the doomed island. Public as well as private buildings were + overturned; the priests were everywhere slain before the altars; no + respect was shown for office, the prelates with the people were + destroyed with fire and sword; nor were there any left to bury + those who had been thus cruelly slaughtered. Some of the miserable + remnant, being taken in the mountains, were butchered in heaps. + Others, spent with hunger, came forth and submitted themselves to + the enemy, to undergo for the sake of food perpetual servitude, if + they were not killed upon the spot. Some, with sorrowful hearts, + fled beyond the seas. Others, remaining in their own country, led a + miserable life of terror and anxiety of mind among the mountains, + woods and crags.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc43" id="toc43"></a> <a name="pdf44" id="pdf44"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XVI" id="Book_I_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVI. How the Britons obtained + their first victory over the Angles, under the command of + Ambrosius, a Roman.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the army of + the enemy, having destroyed and dispersed the natives, had returned + home to their own <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page032">[pg + 032]</span><a name="Pg032" id="Pg032" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + settlements,<a id="noteref_89" name="noteref_89" href= + "#note_89"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">89</span></span></a> the + Britons began by degrees to take heart, and gather strength, + sallying out of the lurking places where they had concealed + themselves, and with one accord imploring the Divine help, that + they might not utterly be destroyed. They had at that time for + their leader, Ambrosius Aurelianus,<a id="noteref_90" name= + "noteref_90" href="#note_90"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">90</span></span></a> a man + of worth, who alone, by chance, of the Roman nation had survived + the storm, in which his parents, who were of the royal race, had + perished. Under him the Britons revived, and offering battle to the + victors, by the help of God, gained the victory. From that day, + sometimes the natives, and sometimes their enemies, prevailed, till + the year of the siege of Badon-hill,<a id="noteref_91" name= + "noteref_91" href="#note_91"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">91</span></span></a> when + they made no small slaughter of those enemies, about forty-four + years after their arrival in England. But of this hereafter.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc45" id="toc45"></a> <a name="pdf46" id="pdf46"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XVII" id="Book_I_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVII. How Germanus the Bishop, + sailing into Britain with Lupus, first quelled the tempest of the + sea, and afterwards that of the Pelagians, by Divine power. + [429</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Some few years + before their arrival, the Pelagian heresy, brought over by + Agricola, the son of Severianus,<a id="noteref_92" name= + "noteref_92" href="#note_92"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">92</span></span></a> a + Pelagian bishop, had corrupted with its foul taint the faith of the + Britons. But whereas they absolutely refused to embrace that + perverse doctrine, and blaspheme the grace of Christ, yet were not + able of themselves to confute the subtilty of the unholy belief by + force of argument, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page033">[pg + 033]</span><a name="Pg033" id="Pg033" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + they bethought them of wholesome counsels and determined to crave + aid of the Gallican prelates in that spiritual warfare. Hereupon, + these, having assembled a great synod, consulted together to + determine what persons should be sent thither to sustain the faith, + and by unanimous consent, choice was made of the apostolic + prelates, Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, and Lupus of Troyes,<a id= + "noteref_93" name="noteref_93" href="#note_93"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">93</span></span></a> to go + into Britain to confirm the people's faith in the grace of God. + With ready zeal they complied with the request and commands of the + Holy Church, and put to sea. The ship sped safely with favouring + winds till they were halfway between the coast of Gaul and Britain. + There on a sudden they were obstructed by the malevolence of + demons, who were jealous that men of such eminence and piety should + be sent to bring back the people to salvation. They raised storms, + and darkened the sky with clouds. The sails could not support the + fury of the winds, the sailors' skill was forced to give way, the + ship was sustained by prayer, not by strength, and as it happened, + their spiritual leader and bishop, being spent with weariness, had + fallen asleep. Then, as if because resistance flagged, the tempest + gathered strength, and the ship, overwhelmed by the waves, was + ready to sink. Then the blessed Lupus and all the rest, greatly + troubled, awakened their elder, that he might oppose the raging + elements. He, showing himself the more resolute in proportion to + the greatness of the danger, called upon Christ, and having, in the + name of the Holy Trinity, taken and sprinkled a little water, + quelled the raging waves, admonished his companion, encouraged all, + and all with one consent uplifted their <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page034">[pg 034]</span><a name="Pg034" id="Pg034" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> voices in prayer. Divine help was granted, + the enemies were put to flight, a cloudless calm ensued, the winds + veering about set themselves again to forward their voyage, the sea + was soon traversed, and they reached the quiet of the wished-for + shore. A multitude flocking thither from all parts, received the + bishops, whose coming had been foretold by the predictions even of + their adversaries. For the evil spirits declared their fear, and + when the bishops expelled them from the bodies of the possessed, + they made known the nature of the tempest, and the dangers they had + occasioned, and confessed that they had been overcome by the merits + and authority of these men.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime + the bishops speedily filled the island of Britain with the fame of + their preaching and miracles; and the Word of God was by them daily + preached, not only in the churches, but even in the streets and + fields, so that the faithful and Catholic were everywhere + confirmed, and those who had been perverted accepted the way of + amendment. Like the Apostles, they acquired honour and authority + through a good conscience, learning through the study of letters, + and the power of working miracles through their merits. Thus the + whole country readily came over to their way of thinking; the + authors of the erroneous belief kept themselves in hiding, and, + like evil spirits, grieved for the loss of the people that were + rescued from them. At length, after long deliberation, they had the + boldness to enter the lists.<a id="noteref_94" name="noteref_94" + href="#note_94"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">94</span></span></a> They + came forward in all the splendour of their wealth, with gorgeous + apparel, and supported by a numerous following; choosing rather to + hazard the contest, than to undergo among the people whom they had + led astray, the reproach of having been silenced, lest they should + seem by saying nothing to condemn themselves. An immense multitude + had been attracted thither with their wives and children. The + people were present as spectators and judges; the two parties stood + there in very different case; on the one side was Divine faith, on + the other <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page035">[pg + 035]</span><a name="Pg035" id="Pg035" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + human presumption; on the one side piety, on the other pride; on + the one side Pelagius, the founder of their faith, on the other + Christ. The blessed bishops permitted their adversaries to speak + first, and their empty speech long took up the time and filled the + ears with meaningless words. Then the venerable prelates poured + forth the torrent of their eloquence and showered upon them the + words of Apostles and Evangelists, mingling the Scriptures with + their own discourse and supporting their strongest assertions by + the testimony of the written Word. Vainglory was vanquished and + unbelief refuted; and the heretics, at every argument put before + them, not being able to reply, confessed their errors. The people, + giving judgement, could scarce refrain from violence, and signified + their verdict by their acclamations.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc47" id="toc47"></a> <a name="pdf48" id="pdf48"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XVIII" id="Book_I_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVIII. How the some holy man + gave sight to the blind daughter of a tribune, and then coming to + St. Alban, there received of his relics, and left other relics of + the blessed Apostles and other martyrs. [429</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After this, a + certain man, who held the office of tribune, came forward with his + wife, and brought his blind daughter, a child of ten years of age, + to be healed of the bishops. They ordered her to be brought to + their adversaries, who, being rebuked by their own conscience, + joined their entreaties to those of the child's parents, and + besought the bishops that she might be healed. They, therefore, + perceiving their adversaries to yield, poured forth a short prayer, + and then Germanus, full of the Holy Ghost, invoking the Trinity, at + once drew from his side a casket which hung about his neck, + containing relics of the saints, and, taking it in his hands, + applied it in the sight of all to the girl's eyes, which were + immediately delivered from darkness and filled with the light of + truth. The parents rejoiced, and the people were filled with awe at + the miracle; and after that day, the heretical beliefs were so + fully obliterated from the minds <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page036">[pg 036]</span><a name="Pg036" id="Pg036" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> of all, that they thirsted for and sought + after the doctrine of the bishops.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This damnable + heresy being thus suppressed, and the authors thereof confuted, and + all the people settled in the purity of the faith, the bishops went + to the tomb of the martyr, the blessed Alban, to give thanks to God + through him. There Germanus, having with him relics of all the + Apostles, and of divers martyrs, after offering up his prayers, + commanded the tomb to be opened, that he might lay therein the + precious gifts; judging it fitting, that the limbs of saints + brought together from divers countries, as their equal merits had + procured them admission into heaven, should find shelter in one + tomb. These being honourably bestowed, and laid together, he took + up a handful of dust from the place where the blessed martyr's + blood had been shed, to carry away with him. In this dust the blood + had been preserved, showing that the slaughter of the martyrs was + red, though the persecutor was pale in death.<a id="noteref_95" + name="noteref_95" href="#note_95"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">95</span></span></a> In + consequence of these things, an innumerable multitude of people was + that day converted to the Lord.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc49" id="toc49"></a> <a name="pdf50" id="pdf50"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIX. How the same holy man, + being detained there by sickness, by his prayers quenched a fire + that had broken out among the houses, and was himself cured of his + infirmity by a vision. [429</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">As they were + returning thence, the treacherous enemy, having, as it chanced, + prepared a snare, caused Germanus to bruise his foot by a fall, not + knowing that, as it was with the blessed Job, his merits would be + but increased by bodily affliction. Whilst he was thus detained + some time in the same place by his infirmity, a fire broke out in a + cottage neighbouring to that in which he was; and having burned + down the other houses which were thatched <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page037">[pg 037]</span><a name="Pg037" id="Pg037" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> with reed, fanned by the wind, was carried on + to the dwelling in which he lay. The people all flocked to the + prelate, entreating that they might lift him in their arms, and + save him from the impending danger. But he rebuked them, and in the + assurance of his faith, would not suffer himself to be removed. The + whole multitude, in terror and despair, ran to oppose the + conflagration; but, for the greater manifestation of the Divine + power, whatsoever the crowd endeavoured to save, was destroyed; and + what the sick and helpless man defended, the flame avoided and + passed by, though the house that sheltered the holy man lay open to + it,<a id="noteref_96" name="noteref_96" href= + "#note_96"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">96</span></span></a> and + while the fire raged on every side, the place in which he lay + appeared untouched, amid the general conflagration. The multitude + rejoiced at the miracle, and was gladly vanquished by the power of + God. A great crowd of people watched day and night before the + humble cottage; some to have their souls healed, and some their + bodies. All that Christ wrought in the person of his servant, all + the wonders the sick man performed cannot be told. Moreover, he + would suffer no medicines to be applied to his infirmity; but one + night he saw one clad in garments as white as snow, standing by + him, who reaching out his hand, seemed to raise him up, and ordered + him to stand firm upon his feet; from which time his pain ceased, + and he was so perfectly restored, that when the day came, with good + courage he set forth upon his journey.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc51" id="toc51"></a> <a name="pdf52" id="pdf52"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XX. How the same Bishops + brought help from Heaven to the Britons in a battle, and then + returned home. [430</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + the Saxons and Picts, with their united forces, made war upon the + Britons, who in these straits were compelled to take up arms. In + their terror thinking themselves unequal to their enemies, they + implored the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page038">[pg + 038]</span><a name="Pg038" id="Pg038" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + assistance of the holy bishops; who, hastening to them as they had + promised, inspired so much confidence into these fearful people, + that one would have thought they had been joined by a mighty army. + Thus, by these apostolic leaders, Christ Himself commanded in their + camp. The holy days of Lent were also at hand, and were rendered + more sacred by the presence of the bishops, insomuch that the + people being instructed by daily sermons, came together eagerly to + receive the grace of baptism. For a great multitude of the army + desired admission to the saving waters, and a wattled church was + constructed for the Feast of the Resurrection of our Lord, and so + fitted up for the army in the field as if it were in a city. Still + wet with the baptismal water the troops set forth; the faith of the + people was fired; and where arms had been deemed of no avail, they + looked to the help of God. News reached the enemy of the manner and + method of their purification,<a id="noteref_97" name="noteref_97" + href="#note_97"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">97</span></span></a> who, + assured of success, as if they had to deal with an unarmed host, + hastened forward with renewed eagerness. But their approach was + made known by scouts. When, after the celebration of Easter, the + greater part of the army, fresh from the font, began to take up + arms and prepare for war, Germanus offered to be their leader. He + picked out the most active, explored the country round about, and + observed, in the way by which the enemy was expected, a valley + encompassed by hills<a id="noteref_98" name="noteref_98" href= + "#note_98"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">98</span></span></a> of + moderate height. In that place he drew up his untried troops, + himself acting as their general. And now a formidable host of foes + drew near, visible, as they approached, to his men lying in ambush. + Then, on a sudden, Germanus, bearing the standard, exhorted his + men, and bade them all in a loud voice repeat <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page039">[pg 039]</span><a name="Pg039" id="Pg039" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> his words. As the enemy advanced in all + security, thinking to take them by surprise, the bishops three + times cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“Hallelujah.”</span> A + universal shout of the same word followed, and the echoes from the + surrounding hills gave back the cry on all sides, the enemy was + panic-stricken, fearing, not only the neighbouring rocks, but even + the very frame of heaven above them; and such was their terror, + that their feet were not swift enough to save them. They fled in + disorder, casting away their arms, and well satisfied if, even with + unprotected bodies, they could escape the danger; many of them, + flying headlong in their fear, were engulfed by the river which + they had crossed. The Britons, without a blow, inactive spectators + of the victory they had gained, beheld their vengeance complete. + The scattered spoils were gathered up, and the devout soldiers + rejoiced in the success which Heaven had granted them. The prelates + thus triumphed over the enemy without bloodshed, and gained a + victory by faith, without the aid of human force. Thus, having + settled the affairs of the island, and restored tranquillity by the + defeat of the invisible foes, as well as of enemies in the flesh, + they prepared to return home. Their own merits, and the + intercession of the blessed martyr Alban, obtained for them a calm + passage, and the happy vessel restored them in peace to the desires + of their people.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc53" id="toc53"></a> <a name="pdf54" id="pdf54"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXI. How, when the Pelagian + heresy began to spring up afresh, Germanus, returning to Britain + with Severus, first restored bodily strength to a lame youth, then + spiritual health to the people of God, having condemned or + converted the Heretics. [447</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Not long after, + news was brought from the same island, that certain persons were + again attempting to teach and spread abroad the Pelagian heresy, + and again the holy Germanus was entreated by all the priests, that + he would defend the cause of God, which he had before maintained. + He speedily complied with their request; and taking <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page040">[pg 040]</span><a name="Pg040" id="Pg040" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> with him Severus,<a id="noteref_99" + name="noteref_99" href="#note_99"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">99</span></span></a> a man + of singular sanctity, who was disciple to the blessed father, + Lupus, bishop of Troyes, and at that time, having been ordained + bishop of the Treveri, was preaching the Word of God to the tribes + of Upper Germany, put to sea, and with favouring winds and calm + waters sailed to Britain.<a id="noteref_100" name="noteref_100" + href="#note_100"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">100</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + the evil spirits, speeding through the whole island, were + constrained against their will to foretell that Germanus was + coming, insomuch, that one Elafius, a chief of that region, without + tidings from any visible messenger, hastened to meet the holy men, + carrying with him his son, who in the very flower of his youth + laboured under a grievous infirmity; for the sinews of the knee + were wasted and shrunk, so that the withered limb was denied the + power to walk. All the country followed this Elafius. The bishops + arrived, and were met by the ignorant multitude, whom they blessed, + and preached the Word of God to them. They found the people + constant in the faith as they had left them; and learning that but + few had gone astray, they sought out the authors of the evil and + condemned them. Then suddenly Elafius cast himself at the feet of + the bishops, presenting his son, whose distress was visible and + needed no words to express it. All were grieved, but especially the + bishops, who, filled with pity, invoked the mercy of God; and + straightway the blessed Germanus, causing the youth to sit down, + touched the bent and feeble knee and passed his healing hand over + all the diseased part. At once health was restored by the power of + his touch, the withered limb regained its vigour, the sinews + resumed their task, and the youth was, in the presence of all the + people, delivered whole to his father. The multitude was amazed at + the miracle, and the Catholic faith was firmly established in the + hearts of all; after which, they were, in a sermon, exhorted to + amend their error. By the judgement of all, the exponents of the + heresy, who had been <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page041">[pg + 041]</span><a name="Pg041" id="Pg041" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + banished from the island, were brought before the bishops, to be + conveyed into the continent, that the country might be rid of them, + and they corrected of their errors. So it came to pass that the + faith in those parts continued long after pure and untainted. Thus + when they had settled all things, the blessed prelates returned + home as prosperously as they had come.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But Germanus, + after this, went to Ravenna to intercede for the tranquillity of + the Armoricans,<a id="noteref_101" name="noteref_101" href= + "#note_101"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">101</span></span></a> + where, after being very honourably received by Valentinian and his + mother, Placidia, he departed hence to Christ; his body was + conveyed to his own city with a splendid retinue, and mighty works + attended his passage to the grave. Not long after, Valentinian was + murdered by the followers of Aetius, the patrician, whom he had put + to death, in the sixth<a id="noteref_102" name="noteref_102" href= + "#note_102"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">102</span></span></a> year + of the reign of Marcian, and with him ended the empire of the + West.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc55" id="toc55"></a> <a name="pdf56" id="pdf56"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXII. How the Britons, being + for a time at rest from foreign invasions, wore themselves out by + civil wars, and at the same time gave themselves up to more heinous + crimes.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + in Britain, there was some respite from foreign, but not from civil + war. The cities destroyed by the enemy and abandoned remained in + ruins; and the natives, who had escaped the enemy, now fought + against each other. Nevertheless, the kings, priests, private men, + and the nobility, still remembering the late calamities and + slaughters, in some measure kept within bounds; but when these + died, and another generation succeeded, which knew nothing of those + times, and was only acquainted with the existing peaceable state of + things, all <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page042">[pg + 042]</span><a name="Pg042" id="Pg042" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the bonds of truth and justice were so entirely broken, that there + was not only no trace of them remaining, but only very few persons + seemed to retain any memory of them at all. To other crimes beyond + description, which their own historian, Gildas,<a id="noteref_103" + name="noteref_103" href="#note_103"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">103</span></span></a> + mournfully relates, they added this—that they never preached the + faith to the Saxons, or English, who dwelt amongst them. + Nevertheless, the goodness of God did not forsake his people, whom + he foreknew, but sent to the aforesaid nation much more worthy + heralds of the truth, to bring it to the faith.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc57" id="toc57"></a> <a name="pdf58" id="pdf58"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XXIII" id="Book_I_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIII. How the holy Pope + Gregory sent Augustine, with other monks, to preach to the English + nation, and encouraged them by a letter of exhortation, not to + desist from their labour. [596</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 582, Maurice, the fifty-fourth from Augustus, ascended the + throne, and reigned twenty-one years. In the tenth year of his + reign, Gregory,<a id="noteref_104" name="noteref_104" href= + "#note_104"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">104</span></span></a> a man + eminent in learning and the conduct of affairs, was promoted to the + Apostolic see of Rome, and presided over it thirteen years, six + months and ten days. He, being moved by Divine inspiration, in the + fourteenth year of the same emperor, and about the one hundred and + fiftieth after the coming of the English into Britain, sent the + servant of God, Augustine,<a id="noteref_105" name="noteref_105" + href="#note_105"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">105</span></span></a> and + with him divers other monks, who feared the Lord, to preach the + Word of God to the English nation. They having, in obedience + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page043">[pg 043]</span><a name= + "Pg043" id="Pg043" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> to the pope's + commands, undertaken that work, when they had gone but a little way + on their journey, were seized with craven terror, and began to + think of returning home, rather than proceed to a barbarous, + fierce, and unbelieving nation, to whose very language they were + strangers; and by common consent they decided that this was the + safer course. At once Augustine, who had been appointed to be + consecrated bishop, if they should be received by the English, was + sent back, that he might, by humble entreaty, obtain of the blessed + Gregory, that they should not be compelled to undertake so + dangerous, toilsome, and uncertain a journey. The pope, in reply, + sent them a letter of exhortation, persuading them to set forth to + the work of the Divine Word, and rely on the help of God. The + purport of which letter was as follows:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Gregory, the servant of the servants of God, + to the servants of our Lord.</span></span> Forasmuch as it had been + better not to begin a good work, than to think of desisting from + one which has been begun, it behoves you, my beloved sons, to + fulfil with all diligence the good work, which, by the help of the + Lord, you have undertaken. Let not, therefore, the toil of the + journey, nor the tongues of evil-speaking men, discourage you; but + with all earnestness and zeal perform, by God's guidance, that + which you have set about; being assured, that great labour is + followed by the greater glory of an eternal reward. When Augustine, + your Superior, returns, whom we also constitute your abbot, humbly + obey him in all things; knowing, that whatsoever you shall do by + his direction, will, in all respects, be profitable to your souls. + Almighty God protect you with His grace, and grant that I may, in + the heavenly country, see the fruits of your labour, inasmuch as, + though I cannot labour with you, I shall partake in the joy of the + reward, because I am willing to labour. God keep you in safety, my + most beloved sons. Given the 23rd of July, in the fourteenth year + of the reign of our most religious lord, Mauritius Tiberius + Augustus, the thirteenth year after the consulship of our lord + aforesaid, and the fourteenth indiction.”</span><a id="noteref_106" + name="noteref_106" href="#note_106"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">106</span></span></a></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page044">[pg 044]</span><a name= + "Pg044" id="Pg044" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc59" id="toc59"></a> <a name="pdf60" id="pdf60"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XXIV" id="Book_I_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIV. How he wrote to the + bishop of Arles to entertain them. [596</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same + venerable pope also sent at the same time a letter to Aetherius, + archbishop of Arles,<a id="noteref_107" name="noteref_107" href= + "#note_107"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">107</span></span></a> + exhorting him to give favourable entertainment to Augustine on his + way to Britain; which letter was in these words:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To his most reverend and holy brother and + fellow bishop Aetherius, Gregory, the servant of the servants of + God.</span></span> Although religious men stand in need of no + recommendation with priests who have the charity which is pleasing + to God; yet because an opportunity of writing has occurred, we have + thought fit to send this letter to you, Brother, to inform you, + that with the help of God we have directed thither, for the good of + souls, the bearer of these presents, Augustine, the servant of God, + of whose zeal we are assured, with other servants of God, whom it + is requisite that your Holiness readily assist with priestly zeal, + affording him all the comfort in your power. And to the end that + you may be the more ready in your help, we have enjoined him to + inform you particularly of the occasion of his coming; knowing, + that when you are acquainted with it, you will, as the matter + requires, for the sake of God, dutifully dispose yourself to give + him comfort. We also in all things recommend to your charity, + Candidus,<a id="noteref_108" name="noteref_108" href= + "#note_108"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">108</span></span></a> the + priest, our common son, whom we have transferred to the + administration of a small patrimony in our Church. God keep you in + safety, most reverend brother. Given the 23rd day of July, in the + fourteenth year of the reign of our most religious lord, Mauritius + Tiberius Augustus, the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page045">[pg + 045]</span><a name="Pg045" id="Pg045" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + thirteenth year after the consulship of our lord aforesaid, and the + fourteenth indiction.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc61" id="toc61"></a> <a name="pdf62" id="pdf62"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XXV" id="Book_I_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXV. How Augustine, coming into + Britain, first preached in the Isle of Thanet to the King of Kent, + and having obtained licence from him, went into Kent, in order to + preach therein. [597</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Augustine, thus + strengthened by the encouragement of the blessed Father Gregory, + returned to the work of the Word of God, with the servants of + Christ who were with him, and arrived in Britain. The powerful + Ethelbert was at that time king of Kent;<a id="noteref_109" name= + "noteref_109" href="#note_109"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">109</span></span></a> he + had extended his dominions as far as the boundary formed by the + great river Humber, by which the Southern Saxons are divided from + the Northern. On the east of Kent is the large Isle of Thanet, + containing, according to the English way of reckoning, 600 + families,<a id="noteref_110" name="noteref_110" href= + "#note_110"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">110</span></span></a> + divided from the mainland by the river Wantsum,<a id="noteref_111" + name="noteref_111" href="#note_111"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">111</span></span></a> which + is about three furlongs in breadth, and which can be crossed only + in two places; for at both ends it runs into the sea. On this + island landed<a id="noteref_112" name="noteref_112" href= + "#note_112"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">112</span></span></a> the + servant of the Lord, Augustine, and his companions, being, as is + reported, nearly forty men. They had obtained, by order of the + blessed Pope Gregory, interpreters of the nation of the + Franks,<a id="noteref_113" name="noteref_113" href= + "#note_113"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">113</span></span></a> and + sending to Ethelbert, signified that they <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page046">[pg 046]</span><a name="Pg046" id="Pg046" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> were come from Rome, and brought a joyful + message, which most undoubtedly assured to those that hearkened to + it everlasting joys in heaven, and a kingdom that would never end, + with the living and true God. The king hearing this, gave orders + that they should stay in the island where they had landed, and be + furnished with necessaries, till he should consider what to do with + them. For he had before heard of the Christian religion, having a + Christian wife of the royal family of the Franks, called + Bertha;<a id="noteref_114" name="noteref_114" href= + "#note_114"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">114</span></span></a> whom + he had received from her parents, upon condition that she should be + permitted to preserve inviolate the rites of her religion with the + Bishop Liudhard,<a id="noteref_115" name="noteref_115" href= + "#note_115"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">115</span></span></a> who + was sent with her to support her in the faith. Some days after, the + king came into the island, and sitting in the open air, ordered + Augustine and his companions to come and hold a conference with + him. For he had taken precaution that they should not come to him + in any house, lest, by so coming, according to an ancient + superstition, if they practised any magical arts, they might impose + upon him, and so get the better of him. But they came endued with + Divine, not with magic power, bearing a silver cross for their + banner, and the image of our Lord and Saviour painted on a board; + and chanting litanies, they offered up their prayers to the Lord + for the eternal salvation both of themselves and of those to whom + and for whom they had come. When they had sat down, in obedience to + the king's commands, and preached to him and his attendants there + present <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page047">[pg + 047]</span><a name="Pg047" id="Pg047" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the Word of life, the king answered thus: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Your words and promises are fair, but because they are + new to us, and of uncertain import, I cannot consent to them so far + as to forsake that which I have so long observed with the whole + English nation. But because you are come from far as strangers into + my kingdom, and, as I conceive, are desirous to impart to us those + things which you believe to be true, and most beneficial, we desire + not to harm you, but will give you favourable entertainment, and + take care to supply you with all things necessary to your + sustenance; nor do we forbid you to preach and gain as many as you + can to your religion.”</span> Accordingly he gave them an abode in + the city of Canterbury,<a id="noteref_116" name="noteref_116" href= + "#note_116"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">116</span></span></a> which + was the metropolis of all his dominions, and, as he had promised, + besides supplying them with sustenance, did not refuse them liberty + to preach. It is told that, as they drew near to the city, after + their manner, with the holy cross, and the image of our sovereign + Lord and King, Jesus Christ, they sang in concert this litany: + <span class="tei tei-q">“We beseech thee, O Lord, for Thy great + mercy, that Thy wrath and anger be turned away from this city, and + from Thy holy house, for we have sinned. Hallelujah.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc63" id="toc63"></a> <a name="pdf64" id="pdf64"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVI. How St. Augustine in Kent + followed the doctrine and manner of life of the primitive Church, + and settled his episcopal see in the royal city. [597</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">As soon as they + entered the dwelling-place assigned to them, they began to imitate + the Apostolic manner of life in the primitive Church; applying + themselves to constant prayer, watchings, and fastings; preaching + the Word of life to as many as they could; despising all worldly + things, as in nowise concerning them; receiving only their + necessary food from those they taught; living themselves in all + respects conformably to what they taught, and being always ready to + suffer any adversity, and even <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page048">[pg 048]</span><a name="Pg048" id="Pg048" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> to die for that truth which they preached. In + brief, some believed and were baptized, admiring the simplicity of + their blameless life, and the sweetness of their heavenly doctrine. + There was on the east side of the city, a church dedicated of old + to the honour of St. Martin,<a id="noteref_117" name="noteref_117" + href="#note_117"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">117</span></span></a> built + whilst the Romans were still in the island, wherein the queen, who, + as has been said before, was a Christian, was wont to pray. In this + they also first began to come together, to chant the Psalms, to + pray, to celebrate Mass, to preach, and to baptize, till when the + king had been converted to the faith, they obtained greater liberty + to preach everywhere and build or repair churches.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When he, among + the rest, believed and was baptized, attracted by the pure life of + these holy men and their gracious promises, the truth of which they + established by many miracles, greater numbers began daily to flock + together to hear the Word, and, forsaking their heathen rites, to + have fellowship, through faith, in the unity of Christ's Holy + Church. It is told that the king, while he rejoiced at their + conversion and their faith, yet compelled none to embrace + Christianity, but only showed more affection to the believers, as + to his fellow citizens in the kingdom of Heaven. For he had learned + from those who had instructed him and guided him to salvation, that + the service of Christ ought to be voluntary, not by compulsion. Nor + was it long before he gave his teachers a settled residence suited + to their degree in his metropolis of Canterbury, with such + possessions of divers sorts as were necessary for them.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page049">[pg 049]</span><a name= + "Pg049" id="Pg049" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc65" id="toc65"></a> <a name="pdf66" id="pdf66"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XXVII" id="Book_I_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVII. How St. Augustine, being + made a bishop, sent to acquaint Pope Gregory with what had been + done in Britain, and asked and received replies, of which he stood + in need. [597-601</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + Augustine, the man of God, went to Arles, and, according to the + orders received from the holy Father Gregory, was ordained + archbishop of the English nation,<a id="noteref_118" name= + "noteref_118" href="#note_118"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">118</span></span></a> by + Aetherius,<a id="noteref_119" name="noteref_119" href= + "#note_119"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">119</span></span></a> + archbishop of that city. Then returning into Britain, he sent + Laurentius the the priest<a id="noteref_120" name="noteref_120" + href="#note_120"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">120</span></span></a> and + Peter the monk<a id="noteref_121" name="noteref_121" href= + "#note_121"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">121</span></span></a> to + Rome, to acquaint Pope Gregory, that the English nation had + received the faith of Christ, and that he was himself made their + bishop. At the same time, he desired his solution of some doubts + which seemed urgent to him. He soon received fitting answers to his + questions, which we have also thought meet to insert in this our + history:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The First Question of + the blessed Augustine, Bishop of the Church of + Canterbury.</span></span>—Concerning bishops, what should be their + manner of conversation towards their clergy? or into how many + portions the offerings of the faithful at the altar are to be + divided? and how the bishop is to act in the Church?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory, Pope of the + City of Rome, answers.</span></span>—Holy <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page050">[pg 050]</span><a name="Pg050" id="Pg050" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Scripture, in which we doubt not you are well + versed, testifies to this, and in particular the Epistles of the + Blessed Paul to Timothy, wherein he endeavours to show him what + should be his manner of conversation in the house of God; but it is + the custom of the Apostolic see to prescribe these rules to bishops + when they are ordained: that all emoluments which accrue, are to be + divided into four portions;—one for the bishop and his household, + for hospitality and entertainment of guests; another for the + clergy; a third for the poor; and the fourth for the repair of + churches. But in that you, my brother, having been instructed in + monastic rules, must not live apart from your clergy in the Church + of the English, which has been lately, by the will of God, + converted to the faith, you must establish the manner of + conversation of our fathers in the primitive Church, among whom, + none said that aught of the things which they possessed was his + own, but they had all things common.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But if there are + any clerks not received into holy orders,<a id="noteref_122" name= + "noteref_122" href="#note_122"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">122</span></span></a> who + cannot live continent, they are to take wives, and receive their + stipends outside of the community; because we know that it is + written concerning the same fathers of whom we have spoken that a + distribution was made unto every man according as he had need. Care + is also to be taken of their stipends, and provision to be made, + and they are to be kept under ecclesiastical rule, that they may + live orderly, and attend to singing of psalms, and, by the help of + God, preserve their hearts and tongues and bodies from all that is + unlawful. But as for those that live in common, there is no need to + say anything of assigning portions, or dispensing hospitality and + showing mercy; inasmuch as all that they have over is to be spent + in pious and religious works, according to the teaching of Him who + is the Lord and Master of all, <span class="tei tei-q">“Give alms + of such things as ye have over, and behold all things are clean + unto you.”</span><a id="noteref_123" name="noteref_123" href= + "#note_123"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">123</span></span></a></p><span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page051">[pg 051]</span><a name="Pg051" id="Pg051" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Second + Question.</span></span>—Whereas the faith is one and the same, are + there different customs in different Churches? and is one custom of + Masses observed in the holy Roman Church, and another in the Church + of Gaul?<a id="noteref_124" name="noteref_124" href= + "#note_124"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">124</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pope Gregory + answers.</span></span>—You know, my brother, the custom of the + Roman Church in which you remember that you were bred up. But my + will is, that if you have found anything, either in the Roman, or + the Gallican, or any other Church, which may be more acceptable to + Almighty God, you should carefully make choice of the same, and + sedulously teach the Church of the English, which as yet is new in + the faith, whatsoever you can gather from the several Churches. For + things are not to be loved for the sake of places, but places for + the sake of good things. Choose, therefore, from every Church those + things that are pious, religious, and right, and when you have, as + it were, made them up into one bundle, let the minds of the English + be accustomed thereto.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Third + Question.</span></span>—I beseech you, what punishment must be + inflicted on one who steals anything from a church?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory + answers.</span></span>—You may judge, my brother, by the condition + of the thief, in what manner he is to be corrected. For there are + some, who, having substance, commit theft; and there are others, + who transgress in this matter through want. Wherefore it is + requisite, that some be punished with fines, others with stripes; + some with more severity, and some more mildly. And when the + severity is greater, it is to proceed from charity, not from anger; + because this is done for the sake of him who is corrected, that he + may not be delivered up to the fires of Hell. For it behoves us to + maintain discipline among the faithful, as good parents do with + their children according to the flesh, whom they punish with + stripes for their faults, and yet they design to make those whom + they chastise their heirs, and preserve their possessions + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page052">[pg 052]</span><a name= + "Pg052" id="Pg052" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> for those whom they + seem to visit in wrath. This charity is, therefore, to be kept in + mind, and it dictates the measure of the punishment, so that the + mind may do nothing beyond the rule prescribed by reason. You will + add to this, how men are to restore those things which they have + stolen from the church. But let not the Church take more than it + has lost of its worldly possessions, or seek gain from + vanities.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Fourth + Question.</span></span>—Whether two full brothers may marry two + sisters, who are of a family far removed from them?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory + answers.</span></span>—Most assuredly this may lawfully be done; + for nothing is found in Holy Writ on this matter that seems to + contradict it.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Fifth + Question.</span></span>—To what degree may the faithful marry with + their kindred? and is it lawful to marry a stepmother or a + brother's wife?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory + answers.</span></span>—A certain secular law in the Roman + commonwealth allows, that the son and daughter of a brother and + sister,<a id="noteref_125" name="noteref_125" href= + "#note_125"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">125</span></span></a> or of + two full brothers, or two sisters, may be joined in matrimony; but + we have found, by experience, that the offspring of such wedlock + cannot grow up; and the Divine law forbids a man to <span class= + "tei tei-q">“uncover the nakedness of his kindred.”</span> Hence of + necessity it must be the third or fourth generation of the + faithful, that can be lawfully joined in matrimony; for the second, + which we have mentioned, must altogether abstain from one another. + To marry with one's stepmother is a heinous crime, because it is + written in the Law, <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not uncover + the nakedness of thy father:”</span> now the son, indeed, cannot + uncover his father's nakedness; but in regard that it is written, + <span class="tei tei-q">“They twain shall be one flesh,”</span> he + that presumes to uncover the nakedness of his stepmother, who was + one flesh with his father, certainly uncovers the nakedness of his + father. It is also prohibited to marry with a sister-in-law, + because by the former union she is become the brother's flesh. For + which thing <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page053">[pg + 053]</span><a name="Pg053" id="Pg053" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + also John the Baptist was beheaded, and obtained the crown of holy + martyrdom. For, though he was not ordered to deny Christ, and it + was not for confessing Christ that he was killed, yet inasmuch as + the same Jesus Christ, our Lord, said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I + am the Truth,”</span> because John was killed for the truth, he + also shed his blood for Christ.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But forasmuch as + there are many of the English, who, whilst they were still + heathens, are said to have been joined in this unholy union, when + they attain to the faith they are to be admonished to abstain, and + be made to know that this is a grievous sin. Let them fear the + dread judgement of God, lest, for the gratification of their carnal + desires, they incur the torments of eternal punishment. Yet they + are not on this account to be deprived of the Communion of the Body + and Blood of Christ, lest they should seem to be punished for those + things which they did through ignorance before they had received + Baptism. For in these times the Holy Church chastises some things + with zeal, and tolerates some in mercy, and is blind to some in her + wisdom, and so, by forbearance and blindness often suppresses the + evil that stands in her way. But all that come to the faith are to + be admonished not to presume to do such things. And if any shall be + guilty of them, they are to be excluded from the Communion of the + Body and Blood of Christ. For as the offence is, in some measure, + to be tolerated in those who did it through ignorance, so it is to + be rigorously punished in those who do not fear to sin + knowingly.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Sixth + Question.</span></span>—Whether a bishop may be consecrated without + other bishops being present, if there be so great a distance + between them, that they cannot easily come together?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory + answers.</span></span>—In the Church of England, of which you are + as yet the only bishop, you cannot otherwise ordain a bishop than + in the absence of other bishops. For when do bishops come over from + Gaul, that they may be present as witnesses to you in ordaining a + bishop? But we would have you, my brother, to ordain bishops in + such a manner, that the said bishops may not be far <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page054">[pg 054]</span><a name="Pg054" id="Pg054" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> asunder, to the end that there be no + lack, but that at the ordination of a bishop other pastors also, + whose presence is of great benefit, should easily come + together.<a id="noteref_126" name="noteref_126" href= + "#note_126"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">126</span></span></a> Thus, + when, by the help of God, bishops shall have been ordained in + places near to one another, no ordination of a bishop is to take + place without assembling three or four bishops. For, even in + spiritual affairs, we may take example by the temporal, that they + may be wisely and discreetly conducted. For surely, when marriages + are celebrated in the world, some married persons are assembled, + that those who went before in the way of matrimony, may also + partake in the joy of the new union. Why, then, at this spiritual + ordinance, wherein, by means of the sacred ministry, man is joined + to God, should not such persons be assembled, as may either rejoice + in the advancement of the new bishop, or jointly pour forth their + prayers to Almighty God for his preservation?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Seventh + Question.</span></span>—How are we to deal with the bishops of Gaul + and Britain?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory + answers.</span></span>—We give you no authority over the bishops of + Gaul, because the bishop of Arles received the pall<a id= + "noteref_127" name="noteref_127" href="#note_127"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">127</span></span></a> in + the old times of my predecessors, and we must by no means deprive + him of the authority he has received. If it shall therefore happen, + my brother, that you go over into the province of Gaul, you are to + concert with the said bishop of Arles, how, if there be any faults + among the bishops, they may be amended. And if he shall be lukewarm + in keeping up discipline, he is to be <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page055">[pg 055]</span><a name="Pg055" id="Pg055" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> fired by your zeal; to whom we have also + written, that aided by the presence of your Holiness in Gaul, he + should exert himself to the utmost, and put away from the behaviour + of the bishops all that is opposed to the command of our Creator. + But you shall not have power to go beyond your own authority and + judge the bishops of Gaul, but by persuading, and winning them, and + showing good works for them to imitate, you shall recall the + perverted to the pursuit of holiness; for it is written in the Law, + <span class="tei tei-q">“When thou comest into the standing corn of + thy neighbour, then thou mayest bruise the ears with thine hand and + eat; but thou shalt not move a sickle unto thy neighbours' standing + corn.”</span><a id="noteref_128" name="noteref_128" href= + "#note_128"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">128</span></span></a> For + thou mayest not apply the sickle of judgement in that harvest which + thou seest to have been committed to another; but by the influence + of good works thou shalt clear the Lord's wheat of the chaff of its + vices, and convert it by exhortation and persuasion in the body of + the Church, as it were, by eating. But whatsoever is to be done by + authority, must be transacted with the aforesaid bishop of Arles, + lest that should be omitted, which the ancient institution of the + fathers has appointed.<a id="noteref_129" name="noteref_129" href= + "#note_129"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">129</span></span></a> But + as for all the bishops of Britain, we commit them to your care, + that the unlearned may be taught, the weak strengthened by + persuasion, and the perverse corrected by authority.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Eighth + Question.</span></span>—Whether a woman with child ought to be + baptized? Or when she has brought forth, after what time she may + come into the church? As also, after how many days the infant born + may be baptized, lest he be prevented by death? Or how long after + her husband may have carnal knowledge of her? Or whether it is + lawful for her to come into the church when she has her courses, or + to receive the Sacrament of Holy Communion? Or whether a man, under + certain circumstances, may come into the church before he has + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page056">[pg 056]</span><a name= + "Pg056" id="Pg056" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> washed with water? + Or approach to receive the Mystery of the Holy Communion? All which + things are requisite to be known by the ignorant nation of the + English.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory + answers.</span></span>—I do not doubt but that these questions have + been put to you, my brother, and I think I have already answered + you therein. But I believe you would wish the opinion which you + yourself might give and hold to be confirmed by my reply also. Why + should not a woman with child be baptized, since the fruitfulness + of the flesh is no offence in the eyes of Almighty God? For when + our first parents sinned in Paradise, they forfeited the + immortality which they had received, by the just judgement of God. + Because, therefore, Almighty God would not for their fault wholly + destroy the human race, he both deprived man of immortality for his + sin, and, at the same time, of his great goodness and + loving-kindness, reserved to him the power of propagating his race + after him. On what ground, then, can that which is preserved to + human nature by the free gift of Almighty God, be excluded from the + privilege of Holy Baptism? For it is very foolish to imagine that + the gift can be opposed to grace in that Mystery in which all sin + is blotted out. When a woman is delivered, after how many days she + may come into the church, you have learnt from the teaching of the + Old Testament, to wit, that she is to abstain for a male child + thirty-three days, and sixty-six for a female. Now you must know + that this is to be received in a mystery; for if she enters the + church the very hour that she is delivered, to return thanks, she + is not guilty of any sin; because the pleasure of the flesh is a + fault, and not the pain; but the pleasure is in the copulation of + the flesh, whereas there is pain in bringing forth the child. + Wherefore it is said to the first mother of all, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children.”</span> If, + therefore, we forbid a woman that has brought forth, to enter the + church, we make a crime of her very punishment. To baptize either a + woman who has brought forth, if there be danger of death, even the + very hour that she brings forth, or that which she has brought + forth the very hour it is born, is in no way prohibited, because, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page057">[pg 057]</span><a name= + "Pg057" id="Pg057" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> as the grace of the + Holy Mystery is to be with much discretion provided for those who + are in full life and capable of understanding, so is it to be + without any delay administered to the dying; lest, while a further + time is sought to confer the Mystery of redemption, if a small + delay intervene, the person that is to be redeemed be dead and + gone.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Her husband is + not to approach her, till the infant born be weaned. An evil custom + is sprung up in the lives of married people, in that women disdain + to suckle the children whom they bring forth, and give them to + other women to suckle; which seems to have been invented on no + other account but incontinency; because, as they will not be + continent, they will not suckle the children whom they bear. Those + women, therefore, who, from evil custom, give their children to + others to bring up, must not approach their husbands till the time + of purification is past. For even when there has been no + child-birth, women are forbidden to do so, whilst they have their + courses, insomuch that the Law condemns to death any man that shall + approach unto a woman during her uncleanness. Yet the woman, + nevertheless, must not be forbidden to come into the church whilst + she has her courses; because the superfluity of nature cannot be + imputed to her as a crime; and it is not just that she should be + refused admittance into the church, for that which she suffers + against her will. For we know, that the woman who had the issue of + blood, humbly approaching behind our Lord's back, touched the hem + of his garment, and her infirmity immediately departed from her. + If, therefore, she that had an issue of blood might commendably + touch the garment of our Lord, why may not she, who has her + courses, lawfully enter into the church of God? But you may say, + Her infirmity compelled her, whereas these we speak of are bound by + custom. Consider, then, most dear brother, that all we suffer in + this mortal flesh, through the infirmity of our nature, is ordained + by the just judgement of God after the fall; for to hunger, to + thirst, to be hot, to be cold, to be weary, is from the + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page058">[pg 058]</span><a name= + "Pg058" id="Pg058" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> infirmity of our + nature; and what else is it to seek food against hunger, drink + against thirst, air against heat, clothes against cold, rest + against weariness, than to procure a remedy against distempers? + Thus to a woman her courses are a distemper. If, therefore, it was + a commendable boldness in her, who in her disease touched our + Lord's garment, why may not that which is allowed to one infirm + person, be granted to all women, who, through the fault of their + nature, are rendered infirm?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">She must not, + therefore, be forbidden to receive the Mystery of the Holy + Communion during those days. But if any one out of profound respect + does not presume to do it, she is to be commended; yet if she + receives it, she is not to be judged. For it is the part of noble + minds in some manner to acknowledge their faults, even when there + is no fault; because very often that is done without a fault, + which, nevertheless, proceeded from a fault. Thus, when we are + hungry, it is no sin to eat; yet our being hungry proceeds from the + sin of the first man. The courses are no sin in women, because they + happen naturally; yet, because our nature itself is so depraved, + that it appears to be defiled even without the concurrence of the + will, a defect arises from sin, and thereby human nature may itself + know what it is become by judgement. And let man, who wilfully + committed the offence, bear the guilt of that offence against his + will. And, therefore, let women consider with themselves, and if + they do not presume, during their courses, to approach the + Sacrament of the Body and Blood of our Lord, they are to be + commended for their praiseworthy consideration; but when they are + carried away with love of the same Mystery to receive it according + to the custom of the religious life, they are not to be restrained, + as we said before. For as in the Old Testament the outward works + are observed, so in the New Testament, that which is outwardly + done, is not so diligently regarded as that which is inwardly + thought, that the punishment may be with discernment. For whereas + the Law forbids the eating of many things as unclean, yet our Lord + says in the Gospel, <span class="tei tei-q">“Not that which goeth + into the mouth defileth <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page059">[pg + 059]</span><a name="Pg059" id="Pg059" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> a + man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a + man.”</span> And afterwards he added, expounding the same, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Out of the heart proceed evil + thoughts.”</span> Where it is abundantly shown, that that is + declared by Almighty God to be polluted in deed, which springs from + the root of a polluted thought. Whence also Paul the Apostle says, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Unto the pure all things are pure, but + unto them that are defiled and unbelieving, nothing is + pure.”</span> And presently, declaring the cause of that + defilement, he adds, <span class="tei tei-q">“For even their mind + and conscience is defiled.”</span> If, therefore, meat is not + unclean to him whose mind is not unclean, why shall that which a + woman suffers according to nature, with a clean mind, be imputed to + her as uncleanness?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A man who has + approached his own wife is not to enter the church unless washed + with water, nor is he to enter immediately although washed. The Law + prescribed to the ancient people, that a man in such cases should + be washed with water, and not enter into the church before the + setting of the sun. Which, nevertheless, may be understood + spiritually, because a man acts so when the mind is led by the + imagination to unlawful concupiscence; for unless the fire of + concupiscence be first driven from his mind, he is not to think + himself worthy of the congregation of the brethren, while he sees + himself burdened by the iniquity of a perverted will. For though + divers nations have divers opinions concerning this affair, and + seem to observe different rules, it was always the custom of the + Romans, from ancient times, for such an one to seek to be cleansed + by washing, and for some time reverently to forbear entering the + church. Nor do we, in so saying, assign matrimony to be a fault; + but forasmuch as lawful intercourse cannot be had without the + pleasure of the flesh, it is proper to forbear entering the holy + place, because the pleasure itself cannot be without a fault. For + he was not born of adultery or fornication, but of lawful marriage, + who said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Behold I was conceived in + iniquity, and in sin my mother brought me forth.”</span> For he who + knew himself to have been conceived in iniquity, lamented that he + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page060">[pg 060]</span><a name= + "Pg060" id="Pg060" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> was born from sin, + because he bears the defect, as a tree bears in its bough the sap + it drew from the root. In which words, however, he does not call + the union of the married couple iniquity, but the will itself. For + there are many things which are lawful and permitted, and yet we + are somewhat defiled in doing them. As very often by being angry we + correct faults, and at the same time disturb our own peace of mind; + and though that which we do is right, yet it is not to be approved + that our mind should be disturbed. For he who said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“My eye was disturbed with anger,”</span> had been + angry at the vices of sinners. Now, seeing that only a calm mind + can rest in the light of contemplation, he grieved that his eye was + disturbed with anger; because, whilst he was correcting evil + actions below, he was obliged to be confused and disturbed with + regard to the contemplation of the highest things. Anger against + vice is, therefore, commendable, and yet painful to a man, because + he thinks that by his mind being agitated, he has incurred some + guilt. Lawful commerce, therefore, must be for the sake of + children, not of pleasure; and must be to procure offspring, not to + satisfy vices. But if any man is led not by the desire of pleasure, + but only for the sake of getting children, such a man is certainly + to be left to his own judgement, either as to entering the church, + or as to receiving the Mystery of the Body and Blood of our Lord, + which he, who being placed in the fire cannot burn, is not to be + forbidden by us to receive. But when, not the love of getting + children, but of pleasure prevails, the pair have cause to lament + their deed. For this the holy preaching concedes to them, and yet + fills the mind with dread of the very concession. For when Paul the + Apostle said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Let him that cannot contain + have his own wife;”</span> he presently took care to subjoin, + <span class="tei tei-q">“But this I say by way of permission, not + of commandment.”</span> For that is not granted by way of + permission which is lawful, because it is just; and, therefore, + that which he said he permitted, he showed to be an offence.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is seriously + to be considered, that when God was about to speak to the people on + Mount Sinai, He first <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page061">[pg + 061]</span><a name="Pg061" id="Pg061" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + commanded them to abstain from women. And if purity of body was + there so carefully required, where God spoke to the people by the + means of a creature as His representative, that those who were to + hear the words of God should abstain; how much more ought women, + who receive the Body of Almighty God, to preserve themselves in + purity of flesh, lest they be burdened with the very greatness of + that inestimable Mystery? For this reason also, it was said to + David, concerning his men, by the priest, that if they were clean + in this particular, they should receive the shewbread, which they + would not have received at all, had not David first declared them + to be clean. Then the man, who, afterwards, has been washed with + water, is also capable of receiving the Mystery of the Holy + Communion, when it is lawful for him, according to what has been + before declared, to enter the church.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Augustine's Ninth + Question.</span></span>—Whether after an illusion, such as is wont + to happen in a dream, any man may receive the Body of our Lord, or + if he be a priest, celebrate the Divine Mysteries?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory + answers.</span></span>—The Testament of the Old Law, as has been + said already in the article above, calls such a man polluted, and + allows him not to enter into the church till the evening, after + being washed with water. Which, nevertheless, a spiritual people, + taking in another sense, will understand in the same manner as + above; because he is imposed upon as it were in a dream, who, being + tempted with uncleanness, is defiled by real representations in + thought, and he is to be washed with water, that he may cleanse + away the sins of thought with tears; and unless the fire of + temptation depart before, may know himself to be in a manner guilty + until the evening. But a distinction is very necessary in that + illusion, and one must carefully consider what causes it to arise + in the mind of the person sleeping; for sometimes it proceeds from + excess of eating or drinking; sometimes from the superfluity or + infirmity of nature, and sometimes from the thoughts. And when it + happens either through superfluity or infirmity of nature, such an + illusion is not <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page062">[pg + 062]</span><a name="Pg062" id="Pg062" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to be feared at all, because it is to be lamented, that the mind of + the person, who knew nothing of it, suffers the same, rather than + that he occasioned it. But when the appetite of gluttony commits + excess in food, and thereupon the receptacles of the humours are + oppressed, the mind thence contracts some guilt; yet not so much as + to hinder the receiving of the Holy Mystery, or celebrating Mass, + when a holy day requires it, or necessity obliges the Mystery to be + shown forth, because there is no other priest in the place; for if + there be others who can perform the ministry, the illusion + proceeding from over-eating ought not to exclude a man from + receiving the sacred Mystery; but I am of opinion he ought humbly + to abstain from offering the sacrifice of the Mystery, but not from + receiving it, unless the mind of the person sleeping has been + disturbed with some foul imagination. For there are some, who for + the most part so suffer the illusion, that their mind, even during + the sleep of the body, is not defiled with filthy thoughts. In + which case, one thing is evident, that the mind is guilty, not + being acquitted even in its own judgement; for though it does not + remember to have seen anything whilst the body was sleeping, yet it + calls to mind that, when the body was awake, it fell into gluttony. + But if the illusion of the sleeper proceeds from evil thoughts when + he was awake, then its guilt is manifest to the mind; for the man + perceives from what root that defilement sprang, because what he + had consciously thought of, that he afterwards unconsciously + endured. But it is to be considered, whether that thought was no + more than a suggestion, or proceeded to delight, or, what is worse, + consented to sin. For all sin is committed in three ways, viz., by + suggestion, by delight, and by consent. Suggestion comes from the + Devil, delight from the flesh, and consent from the spirit. For the + serpent suggested the first offence, and Eve, as flesh, took + delight in it, but Adam, as the spirit, consented. And when the + mind sits in judgement on itself, it must clearly distinguish + between suggestion and delight, and between delight and consent. + For when the evil spirit suggests a sin to the mind, if there ensue + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page063">[pg 063]</span><a name= + "Pg063" id="Pg063" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> no delight in the + sin, the sin is in no way committed; but when the flesh begins to + take delight in it, then sin begins to arise. But if it + deliberately consents, then the sin is known to be full-grown. The + seed, therefore, of sin is in the suggestion, the nourishment of it + in delight, its maturity in the consent. And it often happens that + what the evil spirit sows in the thought, in that the flesh begins + to find delight, and yet the soul does not consent to that delight. + And whereas the flesh cannot be delighted without the mind, yet the + mind struggling against the pleasures of the flesh, is after a + manner unwillingly bound by the carnal delight, so that through + reason it opposes it, and does not consent, yet being bound by + delight, it grievously laments being so bound. Wherefore that great + soldier of our Lord's host, groaned and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I see another law in my members warring against the + law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin, + which is in my members.”</span> Now if he was a captive, he did not + fight; but he did fight; wherefore he was a captive and at the same + time therefore fought against the law of the mind, which the law + that is in the members opposed; but if he fought, he was no + captive. Thus, then, man is, as I may say, a captive and yet free. + Free on account of justice, which he loves, a captive by the + delight which he unwillingly bears within him.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc67" id="toc67"></a> <a name="pdf68" id="pdf68"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVIII. How Pope Gregory wrote + to the bishop of Arles to help Augustine in the work of God. + [601</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus far the + answers of the holy Pope Gregory, to the questions of the most + reverend prelate, Augustine. Now the letter, which he says he had + written to the bishop of Arles, was directed to Vergilius, + successor to Aetherius,<a id="noteref_130" name="noteref_130" href= + "#note_130"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">130</span></span></a> and + was in the following words:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To his most reverend and holy brother and + fellow bishop, Vergilius; Gregory, servant of the servants of + God.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page064">[pg + 064]</span><a name="Pg064" id="Pg064" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + With how much kindness brethren, coming of their own accord, are to + be entertained, is shown by this, that they are for the most part + invited for the sake of brotherly love. Therefore, if our common + brother, Bishop Augustine, shall happen to come to you, let your + love, as is becoming, receive him with so great kindness and + affection, that it may refresh him by the benefit of its + consolation and show to others how brotherly charity is to be + cultivated. And, since it often happens that those who are at a + distance first learn from others the things that need correction, + if he bring before you, my brother, any sins of bishops or others, + do you, in conjunction with him, carefully inquire into the same, + and show yourself so strict and earnest with regard to those things + which offend God and provoke His wrath, that for the amendment of + others, the punishment may fall upon the guilty, and the innocent + may not suffer under false report. God keep you in safety, most + reverend brother. Given the 22nd day of June, in the nineteenth + year of the reign of our most religious lord, Mauritius Tiberius + Augustus, the eighteenth year after the consulship of our said + lord, and the fourth indiction.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc69" id="toc69"></a> <a name="pdf70" id="pdf70"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XXIX" id="Book_I_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIX. How the same Pope sent to + Augustine the Pall and a letter, along with several ministers of + the Word. [601</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Moreover, the + same Pope Gregory, hearing from Bishop Augustine, that the harvest + which he had was great and the labourers but few, sent to him, + together with his aforesaid envoys, certain fellow labourers and + ministers of the Word, of whom the chief and foremost were + Mellitus, Justus, Paulinus, and Rufinianus,<a id="noteref_131" + name="noteref_131" href="#note_131"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">131</span></span></a> and + by them all <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page065">[pg + 065]</span><a name="Pg065" id="Pg065" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + things in general that were necessary for the worship and service + of the Church, to wit, sacred vessels and altar-cloths, also + church-furniture, and vestments for the bishops and clerks, as + likewise relics of the holy Apostles and martyrs; besides many + manuscripts. He also sent a letter, wherein he signified that he + had despatched the pall to him, and at the same time directed how + he should constitute bishops in Britain. The letter was in these + words:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To his most reverend and holy brother and + fellow bishop, Augustine; Gregory, the servant of the servants of + God.</span></span> Though it be certain, that the unspeakable + rewards of the eternal kingdom are reserved for those who labour + for Almighty God, yet it is requisite that we bestow on them the + benefit of honours, to the end that they may by this recompense be + encouraged the more vigorously to apply themselves to the care of + their spiritual work. And, seeing that the new Church of the + English is, through the bounty of the Lord, and your labours, + brought to the grace of God, we grant you the use of the pall in + the same, only for the celebration of the solemn service of the + Mass; that so you may ordain twelve bishops in different places, + who shall be subject to your jurisdiction. But the bishop of London + shall, for the future, be always consecrated by his own synod, and + receive the pall, which is the token of his office, from this holy + and Apostolic see, which I, by the grace of God, now serve. But we + would have you send to the city of York such a bishop as you shall + think fit to ordain; yet so, that if that city, with the places + adjoining, shall receive the Word of God, that bishop shall also + ordain twelve bishops, and enjoy the honour of a metropolitan; for + we design, if we live, by the help of God, to bestow on him also + the pall; and yet we would have him to be subject to your + authority, my brother; but after your decease, he shall so preside + over the bishops he shall have ordained, as to be in no way subject + to the jurisdiction of the bishop of London. But for the future let + there be this distinction as regards honour between the bishops of + the cities of London and York, that he who has been <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page066">[pg 066]</span><a name="Pg066" id="Pg066" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> first ordained have the + precedence.<a id="noteref_132" name="noteref_132" href= + "#note_132"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">132</span></span></a> But + let them take counsel and act in concert and with one mind dispose + whatsoever is to be done for zeal of Christ; let them judge + rightly, and carry out their judgement without + dissension.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But to you, my brother, shall, by the authority of our + God and Lord Jesus Christ, be subject not only those bishops whom + you shall ordain, and those that shall be ordained by the bishop of + York, but also all the prelates in Britain; to the end that from + the words and manner of life of your Holiness they may learn the + rule of a right belief and a good life, and fulfilling their office + in faith and righteousness, they may, when it shall please the + Lord, attain to the kingdom of Heaven. God preserve you in safety, + most reverend brother.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Given the 22nd of June, in the nineteenth year of the + reign of our most religious lord, Mauritius Tiberius Augustus, the + eighteenth year after the consulship of our said lord, and the + fourth indiction.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc71" id="toc71"></a> <a name="pdf72" id="pdf72"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXX. A copy of the letter which + Pope Gregory sent to the Abbot Mellitus, then going into Britain. + [601</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The aforesaid + envoys having departed, the blessed Father Gregory sent after them + a letter worthy to be recorded, wherein he plainly shows how + carefully he watched over the salvation of our country. The letter + was as follows:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To his most beloved son, the Abbot Mellitus; + Gregory, the servant of the servants of God.</span></span> We have + been much concerned, since the departure of our people that are + with you, because we have received no account of the success of + your journey. Howbeit, when Almighty God has led you to the most + reverend Bishop Augustine, our brother, tell him what I have long + been considering <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page067">[pg + 067]</span><a name="Pg067" id="Pg067" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + in my own mind concerning the matter of the English people; to wit, + that the temples of the idols in that nation ought not to be + destroyed; but let the idols that are in them be destroyed; let + water be consecrated and sprinkled in the said temples, let altars + be erected, and relics placed there. For if those temples are well + built, it is requisite that they be converted from the worship of + devils to the service of the true God; that the nation, seeing that + their temples are not destroyed, may remove error from their + hearts, and knowing and adoring the true God, may the more freely + resort to the places to which they have been accustomed. And + because they are used to slaughter many oxen in sacrifice to + devils, some solemnity must be given them in exchange for this, as + that on the day of the dedication, or the nativities of the holy + martyrs, whose relics are there deposited, they should build + themselves huts of the boughs of trees about those churches which + have been turned to that use from being temples, and celebrate the + solemnity with religious feasting, and no more offer animals to the + Devil, but kill cattle and glorify God in their feast, and return + thanks to the Giver of all things for their abundance; to the end + that, whilst some outward gratifications are retained, they may the + more easily consent to the inward joys. For there is no doubt that + it is impossible to cut off every thing at once from their rude + natures; because he who endeavours to ascend to the highest place + rises by degrees or steps, and not by leaps. Thus the Lord made + Himself known to the people of Israel in Egypt; and yet He allowed + them the use, in His own worship, of the sacrifices which they were + wont to offer to the Devil, commanding them in His sacrifice to + kill animals, to the end that, with changed hearts, they might lay + aside one part of the sacrifice, whilst they retained another; and + although the animals were the same as those which they were wont to + offer, they should offer them to the true God, and not to idols; + and thus they would no longer be the same sacrifices. This then, + dearly beloved, it behoves you to communicate to our aforesaid + brother, that he, being placed where he is at <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page068">[pg 068]</span><a name="Pg068" id="Pg068" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> present, may consider how he is to + order all things. God preserve you in safety, most beloved + son.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Given the 17th of June,<a id="noteref_133" name= + "noteref_133" href="#note_133"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">133</span></span></a> in + the nineteenth year of the reign of our most religious lord, + Mauritius Tiberius Augustus, the eighteenth year after the + consulship of our said lord, and the fourth indiction.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc73" id="toc73"></a> <a name="pdf74" id="pdf74"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXXI. How Pope Gregory, by + letter, exhorted Augustine not to glory in his miracles. + [601</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At which time he + also sent Augustine a letter concerning the miracles that he had + heard had been wrought by him; wherein he admonishes him not to + incur the danger of being puffed up by the number of them. The + letter was in these words:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“I know, dearly beloved brother, that Almighty God, by + means of you, shows forth great miracles to the nation which it was + His will to choose. Wherefore you must needs rejoice with fear, and + fear with joy concerning that heavenly gift; for you will rejoice + because the souls of the English are by outward miracles drawn to + inward grace; but you will fear, lest, amidst the wonders that are + wrought, the weak mind may be puffed up with self-esteem, and that + whereby it is outwardly raised to honour cause it inwardly to fall + through vain-glory. For we must call to mind, that when the + disciples returned with joy from preaching, and said to their + Heavenly Master, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Lord, even the devils are + subject to us through Thy Name;’</span> forthwith they received the + reply, <span class="tei tei-q">‘In this rejoice not; but rather + rejoice, because your names are written in heaven.’</span><a id= + "noteref_134" name="noteref_134" href="#note_134"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">134</span></span></a> For + their minds were set on private and temporal joys, when they + rejoiced in miracles; but they are recalled from the private to the + common <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page069">[pg + 069]</span><a name="Pg069" id="Pg069" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + joy, and from the temporal to the eternal, when it is said to them, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Rejoice in this, because your names are + written in heaven.’</span> For all the elect do not work miracles, + and yet the names of all are written in heaven. For those who are + disciples of the truth ought not to rejoice, save for that good + thing which all men enjoy as well as they, and in which their joy + shall be without end.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“It remains, therefore, most dear brother, that amidst + those outward actions, which you perform through the power of the + Lord, you should always carefully judge yourself in your heart, and + carefully understand both what you are yourself, and how much grace + is bestowed upon that same nation, for the conversion of which you + have received even the gift of working miracles. And if you + remember that you have at any time sinned against our Creator, + either by word or deed, always call it to mind, to the end that the + remembrance of your guilt may crush the vanity which rises in your + heart. And whatsoever gift of working miracles you either shall + receive, or have received, consider the same, not as conferred on + you, but on those for whose salvation it has been given + you.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc75" id="toc75"></a> <a name="pdf76" id="pdf76"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXXII. How Pope Gregory sent + letters and gifts to King Ethelbert. [601</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same blessed + Pope Gregory, at the same time, sent a letter to King Ethelbert, + with many gifts of divers sorts; being desirous to glorify the king + with temporal honours, at the same time that he rejoiced that + through his own labour and zeal he had attained to the knowledge of + heavenly glory. The copy of the said letter is as follows:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To the most glorious lord, and his most + excellent son, Ethelbert, king of the English, Bishop + Gregory.</span></span> Almighty God advances good men to the + government of nations, that He may by their means bestow the gifts + of His loving-kindness on those over whom they are placed. This we + know to have come to pass in the English nation, over whom your + Highness was placed, to the end, that by <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page070">[pg 070]</span><a name="Pg070" id="Pg070" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> means of the blessings which are granted to + you, heavenly benefits might also be conferred on your subjects. + Therefore, my illustrious son, do you carefully guard the grace + which you have received from the Divine goodness, and be eager to + spread the Christian faith among the people under your rule; in all + uprightness increase your zeal for their conversion; suppress the + worship of idols; overthrow the structures of the temples; + establish the manners of your subjects by much cleanness of life, + exhorting, terrifying, winning, correcting, and showing forth an + example of good works, that you may obtain your reward in Heaven + from Him, Whose Name and the knowledge of Whom you have spread + abroad upon earth. For He, Whose honour you seek and maintain among + the nations, will also render your Majesty's name more glorious + even to posterity.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“For even so the most pious emperor, Constantine, of + old, recovering the Roman commonwealth from the false worship of + idols, brought it with himself into subjection to Almighty God, our + Lord Jesus Christ, and turned to Him with his whole mind, together + with the nations under his rule. Whence it followed, that his + praises transcended the fame of former princes; and he excelled his + predecessors in renown as much as in good works. Now, therefore, + let your Highness hasten to impart to the kings and peoples that + are subject to you, the knowledge of one God, Father, Son, and Holy + Ghost; that you may surpass the ancient kings of your nation in + praise and merit, and while you cause the sins of others among your + own subjects to be blotted out, become the more free from anxiety + with regard to your own sins before the dread judgement of Almighty + God.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Willingly hear, devoutly perform, and studiously + retain in your memory, whatsoever counsel shall be given you by our + most reverend brother, Bishop Augustine, who is trained up in the + monastic rule, full of the knowledge of Holy Scripture, and, by the + help of God, endued with good works; for if you give ear to him + when he speaks on behalf of Almighty God, the sooner will Almighty + God hear his prayers for you. But if (which God <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page071">[pg 071]</span><a name="Pg071" id="Pg071" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> forbid!) you slight his words, how + shall Almighty God hear him on your behalf, when you neglect to + hear him on behalf of God? Unite yourself, therefore, to him with + all your mind, in the fervour of faith, and further his endeavours, + by that virtue which God has given you, that He may make you + partaker of His kingdom, Whose faith you cause to be received and + maintained in your own.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Besides, we would have your Highness know that, as we + find in Holy Scripture from the words of the Almighty Lord, the end + of this present world, and the kingdom of the saints, which will + never come to an end, is at hand. But as the end of the world draws + near, many things are about to come upon us which were not before, + to wit, changes in the air, and terrors from heaven, and tempests + out of the order of the seasons, wars, famines, pestilences, + earthquakes in divers places; which things will not, nevertheless, + all happen in our days, but will all follow after our days. If, + therefore, you perceive that any of these things come to pass in + your country, let not your mind be in any way disturbed; for these + signs of the end of the world are sent before, for this reason, + that we may take heed to our souls, and be watchful for the hour of + death, and may be found prepared with good works to meet our Judge. + Thus much, my illustrious son, I have said in few words, with + intent that when the Christian faith is spread abroad in your + kingdom, our discourse to you may also be more copious, and we may + desire to say the more, as joy for the full conversion of your + nation is increased in our mind.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“I have sent you some small gifts, which will not + appear small to you, when received by you with the blessing of the + blessed Apostle, Peter. May Almighty God, therefore, perfect in you + His grace which He has begun, and prolong your life here through a + course of many years, and in the fulness of time receive you into + the congregation of the heavenly country. May the grace of God + preserve you in safety, my most excellent lord and son.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Given the 22nd day of June, in the nineteenth year of + the reign of our most religious lord, Mauritius <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page072">[pg 072]</span><a name="Pg072" id="Pg072" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Tiberius Augustus, in the eighteenth + year after his consulship, and the fourth indiction.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc77" id="toc77"></a> <a name="pdf78" id="pdf78"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XXXIII" id="Book_I_Chap_XXXIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXXIII. How Augustine repaired + the church of our Saviour, and built the monastery of the blessed + Peter the Apostle; and concerning Peter the first abbot of the + same.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Augustine having + had his episcopal see granted him in the royal city, as has been + said, recovered therein, with the support of the king, a church, + which he was informed had been built of old by the faithful among + the Romans, and consecrated it in the name of the Holy Saviour, our + Divine Lord Jesus Christ, and there established a residence for + himself and all his successors.<a id="noteref_135" name= + "noteref_135" href="#note_135"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">135</span></span></a> He + also built a monastery not far from the city to the eastward, in + which, by his advice, Ethelbert erected from the foundation the + church of the blessed Apostles, Peter and Paul,<a id="noteref_136" + name="noteref_136" href="#note_136"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">136</span></span></a> and + enriched it with divers gifts; wherein the bodies of the same + Augustine, and of all the bishops of Canterbury, and of the kings + of Kent, might be buried. Nevertheless, it was not Augustine + himself who consecrated that church, but Laurentius, his + successor.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The first abbot + of that monastery was the priest Peter,<a id="noteref_137" name= + "noteref_137" href="#note_137"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">137</span></span></a> who, + being sent on a mission into Gaul, was drowned in a bay of the sea, + which is called Amfleat,<a id="noteref_138" name="noteref_138" + href="#note_138"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">138</span></span></a> and + committed to a humble tomb by the inhabitants of the place; but + since it was the will of Almighty God to reveal his <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page073">[pg 073]</span><a name="Pg073" id="Pg073" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> merits, a light from Heaven was seen + over his grave every night; till the neighbouring people who saw + it, perceiving that he had been a holy man that was buried there, + and inquiring who and whence he was, carried away the body, and + interred it in the church, in the city of Boulogne, with the honour + due to so great a person.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc79" id="toc79"></a> <a name="pdf80" id="pdf80"></a> + <a name="Book_I_Chap_XXXIV" id="Book_I_Chap_XXXIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXXIV. How Ethelfrid, king of + the Northumbrians, having vanquished the nations of the Scots, + expelled them from the territories of the English. [603</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, + the brave and ambitious king, Ethelfrid,<a id="noteref_139" name= + "noteref_139" href="#note_139"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">139</span></span></a> + governed the kingdom of the Northumbrians, and ravaged the Britons + more than all the chiefs of the English, insomuch that he might be + compared to Saul of old, king of the Israelites, save only in this, + that he was ignorant of Divine religion. For he conquered more + territories from the Britons than any other chieftain or king, + either subduing the inhabitants and making them tributary, or + driving them out and planting the English in their places. To him + might justly be applied the saying of the patriarch blessing his + son in the person of Saul, <span class="tei tei-q">“Benjamin shall + ravin as a wolf; in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at + night he shall divide the spoil.”</span><a id="noteref_140" name= + "noteref_140" href="#note_140"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">140</span></span></a> + Hereupon, Aedan, king of the Scots that dwell in Britain,<a id= + "noteref_141" name="noteref_141" href="#note_141"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">141</span></span></a> being + alarmed by his success, came against him with a great and mighty + army, but was defeated and fled with a few followers; for almost + all his army was cut to pieces at a famous place, called Degsastan, + that is, Degsa Stone.<a id="noteref_142" name="noteref_142" href= + "#note_142"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">142</span></span></a> In + which battle also Theodbald, brother to Ethelfrid, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page074">[pg 074]</span><a name="Pg074" id="Pg074" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> was killed, with almost all the forces + he commanded. This war Ethelfrid brought to an end in the year of + our Lord 603, the eleventh of his own reign, which lasted + twenty-four years, and the first year of the reign of Phocas, who + then was at the head of the Roman empire. From that time, no king + of the Scots durst come into Britain to make war on the English to + this day.</p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page075">[pg 075]</span><a name= + "Pg075" id="Pg075" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc81" id="toc81"></a> <a name="pdf82" id="pdf82"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Book II</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc83" id="toc83"></a> <a name="pdf84" id="pdf84"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_I" id="Book_II_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. I. Of the death of the blessed + Pope Gregory.</span><a id="noteref_143" name="noteref_143" href= + "#note_143"><span class="tei tei-noteref" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">143</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 144%">[604</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, + that is, in the year of our Lord 605,<a id="noteref_144" name= + "noteref_144" href="#note_144"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">144</span></span></a> the + blessed Pope Gregory, after having most gloriously governed the + Roman Apostolic see thirteen years, six months, and ten days, died, + and was translated to an eternal abode in the kingdom of Heaven. Of + whom, seeing that by his zeal he converted our nation, the English, + from the power of Satan to the faith of Christ, it behoves us to + discourse more at large in our Ecclesiastical History, for we may + rightly, nay, we must, call him our apostle; because, as soon as he + began to wield the pontifical power over all the world, and was + placed over the Churches long before converted to the true faith, + he made our nation, till then enslaved to idols, the Church of + Christ, so that concerning him we may use those words of the + Apostle; <span class="tei tei-q">“if he be not an apostle to + others, yet doubtless he is to us; for the seal of his apostleship + are we in the Lord.”</span><a id="noteref_145" name="noteref_145" + href="#note_145"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">145</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He was by nation + a Roman, son of Gordianus, tracing his descent from ancestors that + were not only noble, but religious. Moreover Felix, once bishop of + the same Apostolic see, a man of great honour in Christ and in the + Church, was his forefather.<a id="noteref_146" name="noteref_146" + href="#note_146"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">146</span></span></a> Nor + did he show his <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page076">[pg + 076]</span><a name="Pg076" id="Pg076" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + nobility in religion by less strength of devotion than his parents + and kindred. But that nobility of this world which was seen in him, + by the help of the Divine Grace, he used only to gain the glory of + eternal dignity; for soon quitting his secular habit, he entered a + monastery, wherein he began to live with so much grace of + perfection that (as he was wont afterwards with tears to testify) + his mind was above all transitory things; that he rose superior to + all that is subject to change; that he used to think of nothing but + what was heavenly; that, whilst detained by the body, he broke + through the bonds of the flesh by contemplation; and that he even + loved death, which is a penalty to almost all men, as the entrance + into life, and the reward of his labours. This he used to say of + himself, not to boast of his progress in virtue, but rather to + bewail the falling off which he imagined he had sustained through + his pastoral charge. Indeed, once in a private conversation with + his deacon, Peter, after having enumerated the former virtues of + his soul, he added sorrowfully, <span class="tei tei-q">“But now, + on account of the pastoral charge, it is entangled with the affairs + of laymen, and, after so fair an appearance of inward peace, is + defiled with the dust of earthly action. And having wasted itself + on outward things, by turning aside to the affairs of many men, + even when it desires the inward things, it returns to them + undoubtedly impaired. I therefore consider what I endure, I + consider what I have lost, and when I behold what I have thrown + away, that which I bear appears the more grievous.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">So spake the + holy man constrained by his great humility. But it behoves us to + believe that he lost nothing of his monastic perfection by reason + of his pastoral charge, but rather that he gained greater profit + through the labour of converting many, than by the former calm of + his private life, and chiefly because, whilst holding the + pontifical office, he set about organizing his house like a + monastery. And when first drawn from the monastery, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page077">[pg 077]</span><a name="Pg077" id="Pg077" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> ordained to the ministry of the altar, + and sent to Constantinople as representative<a id="noteref_147" + name="noteref_147" href="#note_147"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">147</span></span></a> of + the Apostolic see, though he now took part in the secular affairs + of the palace, yet he did not abandon the fixed course of his + heavenly life; for some of the brethren of his monastery, who had + followed him to the royal city in their brotherly love, he employed + for the better observance of monastic rule, to the end that at all + times, by their example, as he writes himself, he might be held + fast to the calm shore of prayer, as it were, with the cable of an + anchor, whilst he should be tossed up and down by the ceaseless + waves of worldly affairs; and daily in the intercourse of studious + reading with them, strengthen his mind shaken with temporal + concerns. By their company he was not only guarded against the + assaults of the world, but more and more roused to the exercises of + a heavenly life.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For they + persuaded him to interpret by a mystical exposition the book of the + blessed Job,<a id="noteref_148" name="noteref_148" href= + "#note_148"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">148</span></span></a> which + is involved in great obscurity; nor could he refuse to undertake + that work, which brotherly affection imposed on him for the future + benefit of many; but in a wonderful manner, in five and thirty + books of exposition, he taught how that same book is to be + understood literally; how to be referred to <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page078">[pg 078]</span><a name="Pg078" id="Pg078" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the mysteries of Christ and the Church; + and in what sense it is to be adapted to every one of the faithful. + This work he began as papal representative in the royal city, but + finished it at Rome after being made pope. Whilst he was still in + the royal city, by the help of the grace of Catholic truth, he + crushed in its first rise a new heresy which sprang up there, + concerning the state of our resurrection. For Eutychius,<a id= + "noteref_149" name="noteref_149" href="#note_149"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">149</span></span></a> + bishop of that city, taught, that our body, in the glory of + resurrection, would be impalpable, and more subtile than wind and + air. The blessed Gregory hearing this, proved by force of truth, + and by the instance of the Resurrection of our Lord, that this + doctrine was every way opposed to the orthodox faith. For the + Catholic faith holds that our body, raised by the glory of + immortality, is indeed rendered subtile by the effect of spiritual + power, but is palpable by the reality of nature; according to the + example of our Lord's Body, concerning which, when risen from the + dead, He Himself says to His disciples, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Handle Me and see, for a spirit hath not flesh and + bones, as ye see Me have.”</span><a id="noteref_150" name= + "noteref_150" href="#note_150"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">150</span></span></a> In + maintaining this faith, the venerable Father Gregory so earnestly + strove against the rising heresy, and with the help of the most + pious emperor, Tiberius Constantine,<a id="noteref_151" name= + "noteref_151" href="#note_151"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">151</span></span></a> so + fully suppressed it, that none has been since found to revive + it.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He likewise + composed another notable book, the <span class="tei tei-q">“Liber + Pastoralis,”</span> wherein he clearly showed what sort of persons + ought to be preferred to rule the Church; how such rulers ought to + live; with how much discrimination they ought to instruct the + different classes of their hearers, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page079">[pg 079]</span><a name="Pg079" id="Pg079" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> and how seriously to reflect every day on + their own frailty. He also wrote forty homilies on the Gospel, + which he divided equally into two volumes; and composed four books + of Dialogues, in which, at the request of his deacon, Peter, he + recounted the virtues of the more renowned saints of Italy, whom he + had either known or heard of, as a pattern of life for posterity; + to the end that, as he taught in his books of Expositions what + virtues men ought to strive after, so by describing the miracles of + saints, he might make known the glory of those virtues. Further, in + twenty-two homilies, he showed how much light is latent in the + first and last parts of the prophet Ezekiel, which seemed the most + obscure. Besides which, he wrote the <span class="tei tei-q">“Book + of Answers,”</span><a id="noteref_152" name="noteref_152" href= + "#note_152"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">152</span></span></a> to + the questions of the holy Augustine, the first bishop of the + English nation, as we have shown above, inserting the same book + entire in this history; and the useful little <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Synodical Book,”</span><a id="noteref_153" name= + "noteref_153" href="#note_153"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">153</span></span></a> which + he composed with the bishops of Italy on necessary matters of the + Church; as well as private letters to certain persons. And it is + the more wonderful that he could write so many lengthy works, + seeing that almost all the time of his youth, to use his own words, + he was frequently tormented with internal pain, constantly + enfeebled by the weakness of his digestion, and oppressed by a low + but persistent fever. But in all these troubles, forasmuch as he + carefully reflected that, as the Scripture testifies,<a id= + "noteref_154" name="noteref_154" href="#note_154"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">154</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">“He scourgeth every son whom He + receiveth,”</span> the more severely he suffered under those + present evils, the more he assured himself of his eternal hope.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus much may be + said of his immortal genius, which could not be crushed by such + severe bodily pains. Other popes applied themselves to building + churches or adorning them with gold and silver, but Gregory was + wholly intent upon gaining souls. Whatsoever money he had, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page080">[pg 080]</span><a name= + "Pg080" id="Pg080" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> he took care to + distribute diligently and give to the poor, that his righteousness + might endure for ever, and his horn be exalted with honour; so that + the words of the blessed Job might be truly said of him,<a id= + "noteref_155" name="noteref_155" href="#note_155"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">155</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">“When the ear heard me, then it blessed me; + and when the eye saw me, it gave witness to me: because I delivered + the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and him that had none to + help him. The blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon + me, and I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy. I put on + righteousness, and it clothed me; my judgement was as a robe and a + diadem. I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame. I was + a father to the poor; and the cause which I knew not, I searched + out. And I brake the jaws of the wicked, and plucked the spoil out + of his teeth.”</span> And a little after: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If I have withheld,”</span> says he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“the poor from their desire; or have caused the eyes of + the widow to fail; or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the + fatherless hath not eaten thereof: (for from my youth compassion + grew up with me, and from my mother's womb it came forth with + me.”</span><a id="noteref_156" name="noteref_156" href= + "#note_156"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">156</span></span></a>)</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To his works of + piety and righteousness this also may be added, that he saved our + nation, by the preachers he sent hither, from the teeth of the old + enemy, and made it partaker of eternal liberty. Rejoicing in the + faith and salvation of our race, and worthily commending it with + praise, he says, in his exposition of the blessed Job, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Behold, the tongue of Britain, which only knew how to + utter barbarous cries, has long since begun to raise the Hebrew + Hallelujah to the praise of God! Behold, the once swelling ocean + now serves prostrate at the feet of the saints; and its wild + upheavals, which earthly princes could not subdue with the sword, + are now, through the fear of God, bound by the lips of priests with + words alone; and the heathen that stood not in awe of troops of + warriors, now believes and fears the tongues of the humble! For he + has received a message from on high <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page081">[pg 081]</span><a name="Pg081" id="Pg081" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> and mighty works are revealed; the strength + of the knowledge of God is given him, and restrained by the fear of + the Lord, he dreads to do evil, and with all his heart desires to + attain to everlasting grace.”</span> In which words the blessed + Gregory shows us this also, that St. Augustine and his companions + brought the English to receive the truth, not only by the preaching + of words, but also by showing forth heavenly signs.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The blessed Pope + Gregory, among other things, caused Masses to be celebrated in the + churches of the holy Apostles, Peter and Paul, over their bodies. + And in the celebration of Masses, he added three petitions of the + utmost perfection: <span class="tei tei-q">“And dispose our days in + thy peace, and bid us to be preserved from eternal damnation, and + to be numbered in the flock of thine elect.”</span><a id= + "noteref_157" name="noteref_157" href="#note_157"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">157</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He governed the + Church in the days of the Emperors Mauritius and Phocas, and + passing out of this life in the second year of the same + Phocas,<a id="noteref_158" name="noteref_158" href= + "#note_158"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">158</span></span></a> he + departed to the true life which is in Heaven. His body was buried + in the church of the blessed Apostle Peter before the sacristy, on + the 12th day of March, to rise one day in the same body in glory + with the rest of the holy pastors of the Church. On his tomb was + written this epitaph:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Receive, O Earth, his body taken from + thine own; thou canst restore it, when God calls to life. His + spirit rises to the stars; the claims of death shall not avail + against him, for death itself is but the way to new life. In this + tomb are laid the limbs of a great pontiff, who yet lives for ever + in all places in countless deeds of mercy. Hunger and cold he + overcame with food and raiment, and shielded souls from the enemy + by his holy teaching. And whatsoever he taught in word, that he + fulfilled in deed, that he might be a pattern, even as he spake + words of mystic meaning. By his</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page082">[pg 082]</span><a name="Pg082" id="Pg082" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%">guiding love he + brought the Angles to Christ, gaining armies for the Faith from a + new people. This was thy toil, thy task, thy care, thy aim as + shepherd, to offer to thy Lord abundant increase of the flock. + So, Consul of God, rejoice in this thy triumph, for now thou hast + the reward of thy works for evermore.</span> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor must we pass + by in silence the story of the blessed Gregory, handed down to us + by the tradition of our ancestors, which explains his earnest care + for the salvation of our nation. It is said that one day, when some + merchants had lately arrived at Rome, many things were exposed for + sale in the market place, and much people resorted thither to buy: + Gregory himself went with the rest, and saw among other wares some + boys put up for sale, of fair complexion, with pleasing + countenances, and very beautiful hair. When he beheld them, he + asked, it is said, from what region or country they were brought? + and was told, from the island of Britain, and that the inhabitants + were like that in appearance. He again inquired whether those + islanders were Christians, or still involved in the errors of + paganism, and was informed that they were pagans. Then fetching a + deep sigh from the bottom of his heart, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Alas! what pity,”</span> said he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“that the author of darkness should own men of such + fair countenances; and that with such grace of outward form, their + minds should be void of inward grace.”</span> He therefore again + asked, what was the name of that nation? and was answered, that + they were called Angles. <span class="tei tei-q">“Right,”</span> + said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“for they have an angelic face, + and it is meet that such should be co-heirs with the Angels in + heaven. What is the name of the province from which they are + brought?”</span> It was replied, that the natives of that province + were called Deiri.<a id="noteref_159" name="noteref_159" href= + "#note_159"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">159</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Truly are they <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">De + ira</span></span>,”</span> said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“saved + from wrath, and called to the mercy of Christ. How is the king of + that province <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page083">[pg + 083]</span><a name="Pg083" id="Pg083" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + called?”</span> They told him his name was Aelli;<a id= + "noteref_160" name="noteref_160" href="#note_160"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">160</span></span></a> and + he, playing upon the name, said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Allelujah, the praise of God the Creator must be sung + in those parts.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then he went to + the bishop of the Roman Apostolic see<a id="noteref_161" name= + "noteref_161" href="#note_161"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">161</span></span></a> (for + he was not himself then made pope), and entreated him to send some + ministers of the Word into Britain to the nation of the English, + that it might be converted to Christ by them; declaring himself + ready to carry out that work with the help of God, if the Apostolic + Pope should think fit to have it done. But not being then able to + perform this task, because, though the Pope was willing to grant + his request, yet the citizens of Rome could not be brought to + consent that he should depart so far from the city, as soon as he + was himself made Pope, he carried out the long-desired work, + sending, indeed, other preachers, but himself by his exhortations + and prayers helping the preaching to bear fruit. This account, + which we have received from a past generation, we have thought fit + to insert in our Ecclesiastical History.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc85" id="toc85"></a> <a name="pdf86" id="pdf86"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_II" id="Book_II_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. II. How Augustine admonished + the bishops of the Britons on behalf of Catholic peace, and to that + end wrought a heavenly miracle in their presence; and of the + vengeance that pursued them for their contempt. + [</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 144%">603</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + Augustine, with the help of King Ethelbert, drew together to a + conference the bishops and doctors of the nearest province of the + Britons, at a place <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page084">[pg + 084]</span><a name="Pg084" id="Pg084" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + which is to this day called, in the English language, Augustine's + Ác, that is, Augustine's Oak,<a id="noteref_162" name="noteref_162" + href="#note_162"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">162</span></span></a> on + the borders of the Hwiccas<a id="noteref_163" name="noteref_163" + href="#note_163"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">163</span></span></a> and + West Saxons; and began by brotherly admonitions to persuade them to + preserve Catholic peace with him, and undertake the common labour + of preaching the Gospel to the heathen for the Lord's sake. For + they did not keep Easter Sunday at the proper time, but from the + fourteenth to the twentieth moon; which computation is contained in + a cycle of eighty-four years.<a id="noteref_164" name="noteref_164" + href="#note_164"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">164</span></span></a> + Besides, they did many other things <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page085">[pg 085]</span><a name="Pg085" id="Pg085" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> which were opposed to the unity of the + church.<a id="noteref_165" name="noteref_165" href= + "#note_165"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">165</span></span></a> When, + after a long disputation, they did not comply with the entreaties, + exhortations, or rebukes of Augustine and his companions, but + preferred their own traditions before all the Churches which are + united in Christ throughout the world, the holy father, Augustine, + put an end to this troublesome and tedious contention, saying, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Let us entreat God, who maketh men to be + of one mind in His Father's house, to vouchsafe, by signs from + Heaven, to declare to us which tradition is to be followed; and by + what path we are to strive to enter His kingdom. Let some sick man + be brought, and let the faith and practice of him, by whose prayers + he shall be healed, be looked upon as hallowed in God's sight and + such as should be adopted by all.”</span> His adversaries + unwillingly consenting, a blind man of the English race was + brought, who having been presented to the British bishops, found no + benefit or healing from their ministry; at length, Augustine, + compelled by strict necessity, bowed his knees to the Father of our + Lord Jesus Christ, praying that He would restore his lost sight to + the blind man, and by the bodily enlightenment of one kindle the + grace of spiritual light in the hearts of many of the faithful. + Immediately the blind man received sight, and Augustine was + proclaimed by all to be a true herald of the light from Heaven. The + Britons then confessed that they perceived that it was the + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page086">[pg 086]</span><a name= + "Pg086" id="Pg086" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> true way of + righteousness which Augustine taught; but that they could not + depart from their ancient customs without the consent and sanction + of their people. They therefore desired that a second time a synod + might be appointed, at which more of their number should be + present.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This being + decreed, there came, it is said, seven bishops of the + Britons,<a id="noteref_166" name="noteref_166" href= + "#note_166"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">166</span></span></a> and + many men of great learning, particularly from their most celebrated + monastery, which is called, in the English tongue, + Bancornaburg,<a id="noteref_167" name="noteref_167" href= + "#note_167"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">167</span></span></a> and + over which the Abbot Dinoot<a id="noteref_168" name="noteref_168" + href="#note_168"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">168</span></span></a> is + said to have presided at that time. They that were to go to the + aforesaid council, betook themselves first to a certain holy and + discreet man, who was wont to lead the life of a hermit among them, + to consult with him, whether they ought, at the preaching of + Augustine, to forsake their traditions. He answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If he is a man of God, follow + him.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“How shall we know + that?”</span> said they. He replied, <span class="tei tei-q">“Our + Lord saith, Take My yoke upon you, and learn of Me, for I am meek + and lowly in heart; if therefore, Augustine is meek and lowly of + heart, it is to be believed that he bears the yoke of Christ + himself, and offers it to you to bear. But, if he is harsh and + proud, it is plain that he is not of God, nor are we to regard his + words.”</span> They said again, <span class="tei tei-q">“And how + shall we discern even this?”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Do you + contrive,”</span> said the anchorite, <span class="tei tei-q">“that + he first arrive with his company at the place where the synod is to + be held; and if at your approach he rises up to you, hear him + submissively, being assured that he is the servant of Christ; but + if he despises you, and does not rise up to you, whereas you are + more in number, let him also be despised by + you.”</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page087">[pg + 087]</span><a name="Pg087" id="Pg087" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">They did as he + directed; and it happened, that as they approached, Augustine was + sitting on a chair. When they perceived it, they were angry, and + charging him with pride, set themselves to contradict all he said. + He said to them, <span class="tei tei-q">“Many things ye do which + are contrary to our custom, or rather the custom of the universal + Church, and yet, if you will comply with me in these three matters, + to wit, to keep Easter at the due time; to fulfil the ministry of + Baptism, by which we are born again to God, according to the custom + of the holy Roman Apostolic Church;<a id="noteref_169" name= + "noteref_169" href="#note_169"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">169</span></span></a> and + to join with us in preaching the Word of God to the English nation, + we will gladly suffer all the other things you do, though contrary + to our customs.”</span> They answered that they would do none of + those things, nor receive him as their archbishop; for they said + among themselves, <span class="tei tei-q">“if he would not rise up + to us now, how much more will he despise us, as of no account, if + we begin to be under his subjection?”</span> Then the man of God, + Augustine, is said to have threatened them, that if they would not + accept peace with their brethren, they should have war from their + enemies; and, if they would not preach the way of life to the + English nation, they should suffer at their hands the vengeance of + death. All which, through the dispensation of the Divine judgement, + fell out exactly as he had predicted.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For afterwards + the warlike king of the English, Ethelfrid,<a id="noteref_170" + name="noteref_170" href="#note_170"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">170</span></span></a> of + whom we have spoken, having raised a mighty army, made a very great + slaughter of that heretical nation, at the city of Legions,<a id= + "noteref_171" name="noteref_171" href="#note_171"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">171</span></span></a> which + by the English is <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page088">[pg + 088]</span><a name="Pg088" id="Pg088" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + called Legacaestir, but by the Britons more rightly Carlegion. + Being about to give battle, he observed their priests, who were + come together to offer up their prayers to God for the combatants, + standing apart in a place of greater safety; he inquired who they + were, and what they came together to do in that place. Most of them + were of the monastery of Bangor,<a id="noteref_172" name= + "noteref_172" href="#note_172"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">172</span></span></a> in + which, it is said, there was so great a number of monks, that the + monastery being divided into seven parts, with a superior set over + each, none of those parts contained less than three hundred men, + who all lived by the labour of their hands. Many of these, having + observed a fast of three days, had come together along with others + to pray at the aforesaid battle, having one Brocmail<a id= + "noteref_173" name="noteref_173" href="#note_173"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">173</span></span></a> for + their protector, to defend them, whilst they were intent upon their + prayers, against the swords of the barbarians. King Ethelfrid being + informed of the occasion of their coming, said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If then they cry to their God against us, in truth, + though they do not bear arms, yet they fight against us, because + they assail us with their curses.”</span> He, therefore, commanded + them to be attacked first, and then destroyed the rest of the + impious army, not without great loss of his own forces. About + twelve hundred of those that came to pray are said to have been + killed, and only fifty to have escaped by flight. Brocmail, turning + his back with his men, at the first approach of the enemy, left + those whom he ought to have defended unarmed and exposed to the + swords of the assailants. Thus was fulfilled the prophecy of the + holy Bishop Augustine, though he himself had been long before taken + up into the heavenly kingdom, that the heretics should feel the + vengeance of temporal death also, because they had despised the + offer of eternal salvation.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page089">[pg 089]</span><a name= + "Pg089" id="Pg089" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc87" id="toc87"></a> <a name="pdf88" id="pdf88"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_III" id="Book_II_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. III. How St. Augustine made + Mellitus and Justus bishops; and of his death. [604</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 604, Augustine, Archbishop of Britain, ordained two + bishops, to wit, Mellitus and Justus;<a id="noteref_174" name= + "noteref_174" href="#note_174"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">174</span></span></a> + Mellitus to preach to the province of the East-Saxons, who are + divided from Kent by the river Thames, and border on the Eastern + sea. Their metropolis is the city of London, which is situated on + the bank of the aforesaid river, and is the mart of many nations + resorting to it by sea and land. At that time, Sabert, nephew to + Ethelbert through his sister Ricula, reigned over the nation, + though he was under subjection to Ethelbert, who, as has been said + above, had command over all the nations of the English as far as + the river Humber. But when this province also received the word of + truth, by the preaching of Mellitus, King Ethelbert built the + church of St. Paul the Apostle,<a id="noteref_175" name= + "noteref_175" href="#note_175"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">175</span></span></a> in + the city of London, where he and his successors should have their + episcopal see. As for Justus, Augustine ordained him bishop in + Kent, at the city of Dorubrevis, which the English call + Hrofaescaestrae,<a id="noteref_176" name="noteref_176" href= + "#note_176"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">176</span></span></a> from + one that was formerly the chief man of it, called Hrof. It is about + twenty-four miles distant from the city of Canterbury to the + westward, and in it King Ethelbert dedicated a church to the + blessed Apostle Andrew,<a id="noteref_177" name="noteref_177" href= + "#note_177"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">177</span></span></a> and + bestowed many gifts on the bishops of both those churches, as well + as on the Bishop of Canterbury, adding lands and possessions for + the use of those who were associated with the bishops.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After this, the + beloved of God, our father Augustine, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page090">[pg 090]</span><a name="Pg090" id="Pg090" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> died,<a id="noteref_178" name="noteref_178" + href="#note_178"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">178</span></span></a> and + his body was laid outside, close by the church of the blessed + Apostles, Peter and Paul, above spoken of, because it was not yet + finished, nor consecrated, but as soon as it was consecrated,<a id= + "noteref_179" name="noteref_179" href="#note_179"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">179</span></span></a> the + body was brought in, and fittingly buried in the north chapel<a id= + "noteref_180" name="noteref_180" href="#note_180"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">180</span></span></a> + thereof; wherein also were interred the bodies of all the + succeeding archbishops, except two only, Theodore and Bertwald, + whose bodies are in the church itself, because the aforesaid chapel + could contain no more.<a id="noteref_181" name="noteref_181" href= + "#note_181"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">181</span></span></a> + Almost in the midst of this chapel is an altar dedicated in honour + of the blessed Pope Gregory, at which every Saturday memorial + Masses are celebrated for the archbishops by a priest of that + place. On the tomb of Augustine is inscribed this epitaph:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Here rests the Lord Augustine, first Archbishop of + Canterbury, who, being of old sent hither by the blessed Gregory, + Bishop of the city of Rome, and supported by God in the working of + miracles, led King Ethelbert and his nation from the worship of + idols to the faith of Christ, and having ended the days of his + office in peace, died the 26th day of May, in the reign of the same + king.”</span></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page091">[pg 091]</span><a name= + "Pg091" id="Pg091" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc89" id="toc89"></a> <a name="pdf90" id="pdf90"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_IV" id="Book_II_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IV. How Laurentius and his + bishops admonished the Scots to observe the unity of the Holy + Church, particularly in keeping of Easter; and how Mellitus went to + Rome.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Laurentius<a id= + "noteref_182" name="noteref_182" href="#note_182"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">182</span></span></a> + succeeded Augustine in the bishopric, having been ordained thereto + by the latter, in his lifetime, lest, upon his death, the Church, + as yet in so unsettled a state, might begin to falter, if it should + be destitute of a pastor, though but for one hour. Wherein he also + followed the example of the first pastor of the Church, that is, of + the most blessed Peter, chief of the Apostles, who, having founded + the Church of Christ at Rome, is said to have consecrated Clement + to help him in preaching the Gospel, and at the same time to be his + successor. Laurentius, being advanced to the rank of archbishop, + laboured indefatigably, both by frequent words of holy exhortation + and constant example of good works to strengthen the foundations of + the Church, which had been so nobly laid, and to carry it on to the + fitting height of perfection. In short, he not only took charge of + the new Church formed among the English, but endeavoured also to + bestow his pastoral care upon the tribes of the ancient inhabitants + of Britain, as also of the Scots, who inhabit the island of + Ireland,<a id="noteref_183" name="noteref_183" href= + "#note_183"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">183</span></span></a> which + is next to Britain. For when he understood that the life and + profession of the Scots in their aforesaid country, as well as of + the Britons in Britain, was not truly in accordance with the + practice of the Church in many matters, especially that they did + not celebrate the festival of Easter at the due time, but thought + that the day of the Resurrection of our Lord ought, as has been + said above, to be observed between the 14th and 20th of the moon; + he wrote, jointly with his fellow bishops, a hortatory epistle, + entreating and conjuring them to keep the unity of peace and + Catholic observance with the Church of <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page092">[pg 092]</span><a name="Pg092" id="Pg092" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Christ spread throughout the world. The + beginning of which epistle is as follows:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To our most dear brethren, the Lords Bishops + and Abbots throughout all the country of the Scots,</span><a id= + "noteref_184" name="noteref_184" href="#note_184"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; font-style: italic; vertical-align: super">184</span></span></a> + <span style="font-style: italic">Laurentius, Mellitus, and Justus, + Bishops, servants of the servants of God.</span></span> When the + Apostolic see, according to the universal custom which it has + followed elsewhere, sent us to these western parts to preach to + pagan nations, and it was our lot to come into this island, which + is called Britain, before we knew them, we held both the Britons + and Scots in great esteem for sanctity, believing that they walked + according to the custom of the universal Church; but becoming + acquainted with the Britons, we thought that the Scots had been + better. Now we have learnt from Bishop Dagan,<a id="noteref_185" + name="noteref_185" href="#note_185"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">185</span></span></a> who + came into this aforesaid island, and the Abbot Columban,<a id= + "noteref_186" name="noteref_186" href="#note_186"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">186</span></span></a> in + Gaul, that the Scots in no way differ from the Britons in their + walk; for when Bishop Dagan came to us, not only did he refuse to + eat at the same table, but even to eat in the same house where we + were entertained.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Also Laurentius + with his fellow bishops wrote a letter to the bishops of the + Britons, suitable to his degree, by which he endeavoured to confirm + them in Catholic unity; but what he gained by so doing the present + times still show.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">About this time, + Mellitus, bishop of London, went to Rome, to confer with the + Apostolic Pope Boniface about the necessary affairs of the English + Church. And the same most reverend pope, assembling a synod of the + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page093">[pg 093]</span><a name= + "Pg093" id="Pg093" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> bishops of + Italy,<a id="noteref_187" name="noteref_187" href= + "#note_187"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">187</span></span></a> to + prescribe rules for the life and peace of the monks, Mellitus also + sat among them, in the eighth year of the reign of the Emperor + Phocas, the thirteenth indiction, on the 27th of February,<a id= + "noteref_188" name="noteref_188" href="#note_188"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">188</span></span></a> to + the end that he also might sign and confirm by his authority + whatsoever should be regularly decreed, and on his return into + Britain might carry the decrees to the Churches of the English, to + be committed to them and observed; together with letters which the + same pope sent to the beloved of God, Archbishop Laurentius, and to + all the clergy; as likewise to King Ethelbert and the English + nation. This pope was Boniface, the fourth after the blessed + Gregory, bishop of the city of Rome. He obtained for the Church of + Christ from the Emperor Phocas the gift of the temple at Rome + called by the ancients Pantheon, as representing all the gods; + wherein he, having purified it from all defilement, dedicated a + church to the holy Mother of God, and to all Christ's martyrs, to + the end that, the company of devils being expelled, the blessed + company of the saints might have therein a perpetual + memorial.<a id="noteref_189" name="noteref_189" href= + "#note_189"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">189</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc91" id="toc91"></a> <a name="pdf92" id="pdf92"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_V" id="Book_II_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. V. How, after the death of the + kings Ethelbert and Sabert, their successors restored idolatry; for + which reason, both Mellitus and Justus departed out of Britain. + [616</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 616, which is the twenty-first year after Augustine and + his company were sent to preach to the English nation, Ethelbert, + king of Kent, having most gloriously governed his temporal kingdom + fifty-six years, entered into the eternal joys of the kingdom + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page094">[pg 094]</span><a name= + "Pg094" id="Pg094" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> of Heaven. He was + the third of the English kings who ruled over all the southern + provinces that are divided from the northern by the river Humber + and the borders contiguous to it;<a id="noteref_190" name= + "noteref_190" href="#note_190"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">190</span></span></a> but + the first of all that ascended to the heavenly kingdom. The first + who had the like sovereignty was Aelli, king of the South-Saxons; + the second, Caelin, king of the West-Saxons, who, in their own + language, is called Ceaulin; the third, as has been said, was + Ethelbert, king of Kent; the fourth was Redwald, king of the + East-Angles, who, even in the life-time of Ethelbert, had been + acquiring the leadership for his own race. The fifth was Edwin, + king of the Northumbrian nation, that is, of those who live in the + district to the north of the river Humber; his power was greater; + he had the overlordship over all the nations who inhabit Britain, + both English and British, except only the people of Kent; and he + reduced also under the dominion of the English, the Mevanian + Islands<a id="noteref_191" name="noteref_191" href= + "#note_191"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">191</span></span></a> of + the Britons, lying between Ireland and Britain; the sixth was + Oswald, the most Christian king of the Northumbrians, whose kingdom + was within the same bounds; the seventh, his brother Oswy, ruled + over a kingdom of like extent for a time, and for the most part + subdued and made tributary the nations of the Picts and Scots, who + occupy the northern parts of Britain: but of that hereafter.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Ethelbert + died on the 24th day of the month of February, twenty-one years + after he had received the faith,<a id="noteref_192" name= + "noteref_192" href="#note_192"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">192</span></span></a> and + was buried in St. Martin's chapel within the church of the blessed + Apostles Peter and Paul, where also lies his queen, Bertha. Among + other benefits which he <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page095">[pg + 095]</span><a name="Pg095" id="Pg095" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + conferred upon his nation in his care for them, he established, + with the help of his council of wise men,<a id="noteref_193" name= + "noteref_193" href="#note_193"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">193</span></span></a> + judicial decisions, after the Roman model; which are written in the + language of the English, and are still kept and observed by them. + Among which, he set down first what satisfaction should be given by + any one who should steal anything belonging to the Church, the + bishop, or the other clergy, for he was resolved to give protection + to those whom he had received along with their doctrine.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This Ethelbert + was the son of Irminric, whose father was Octa, whose father was + Oeric, surnamed Oisc, from whom the kings of Kent are wont to be + called Oiscings.<a id="noteref_194" name="noteref_194" href= + "#note_194"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">194</span></span></a> His + father was Hengist, who, being invited by Vortigern, first came + into Britain, with his son Oisc, as has been said above.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But after the + death of Ethelbert, the accession of his son Eadbald proved very + harmful to the still tender growth of the new Church; for he not + only refused to accept the faith of Christ, but was also defiled + with such fornication, as the Apostle testifies, as is not so much + as named among the Gentiles, that one should have his father's + wife.<a id="noteref_195" name="noteref_195" href= + "#note_195"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">195</span></span></a> By + both which crimes he gave occasion to those to return to their + former uncleanness, who, under his father, had, either for favour + or fear of the king, submitted to the laws of the faith and of a + pure life. Nor did the unbelieving king escape without the scourge + of Divine severity in chastisement and correction; for he was + troubled with frequent fits of madness, and possessed by an unclean + spirit. The storm of this disturbance was increased by the death of + Sabert, king of the East Saxons, who departing to the heavenly + kingdom, left three sons, still pagans, to inherit his temporal + crown. They immediately began openly to give themselves up to + idolatry, which, during their father's lifetime, they had seemed + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page096">[pg 096]</span><a name= + "Pg096" id="Pg096" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> somewhat to abandon, + and they granted free licence to their subjects to serve idols. And + when they saw the bishop, whilst celebrating Mass in the church, + give the Eucharist to the people, filled, as they were, with folly + and ignorance, they said to him, as is commonly reported, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Why do you not give us also that white + bread, which you used to give to our father Saba (for so they were + wont to call him), and which you still continue to give to the + people in the church?”</span> To whom he answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If you will be washed in that font of salvation, in + which your father was washed, you may also partake of the holy + Bread of which he partook; but if you despise the laver of life, + you can in no wise receive the Bread of life.”</span> They replied, + <span class="tei tei-q">“We will not enter into that font, because + we know that we do not stand in need of it, and yet we will be + refreshed by that bread.”</span> And being often earnestly + admonished by him, that this could by no means be done, nor would + any one be admitted to partake of the sacred Oblation without the + holy cleansing, at last, they said, filled with rage, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If you will not comply with us in so small a matter as + that which we require, you shall not stay in our province.”</span> + And they drove him out and bade him and his company depart from + their kingdom. Being driven thence, he came into Kent, to take + counsel with his fellow bishops, Laurentius and Justus, and learn + what was to be done in that case; and with one consent they + determined that it was better for them all to return to their own + country, where they might serve God in freedom of mind, than to + continue to no purpose among barbarians, who had revolted from the + faith. Mellitus and Justus accordingly went away first, and + withdrew into the parts of Gaul, intending there to await the + event. But the kings, who had driven from them the herald of the + truth, did not continue long unpunished in their worship of devils. + For marching out to battle against the nation of the Gewissi,<a id= + "noteref_196" name="noteref_196" href="#note_196"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">196</span></span></a> they + were all slain with their army. Nevertheless, the people, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page097">[pg 097]</span><a name= + "Pg097" id="Pg097" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> having been once + turned to wickedness, though the authors of it were destroyed, + would not be corrected, nor return to the unity of faith and + charity which is in Christ.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc93" id="toc93"></a> <a name="pdf94" id="pdf94"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_VI" id="Book_II_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VI. How Laurentius, being + reproved by the Apostle Peter, converted King Eadbald to Christ; + and how the king soon recalled Mellitus and Justus to preach the + Word. [617-618</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Laurentius, + being about to follow Mellitus and Justus, and to quit Britain, + ordered his bed to be laid that night in the church of the blessed + Apostles, Peter and Paul, which has been often mentioned before; + wherein having laid himself to rest, after he had with tears poured + forth many prayers to God for the state of the Church, he fell + asleep; in the dead of night, the blessed chief of the Apostles + appeared to him, and scourging him grievously a long time, asked of + him with apostolic severity, why he was forsaking the flock which + he had committed to him? or to what shepherd he was leaving, by his + flight, Christ's sheep that were in the midst of wolves? + <span class="tei tei-q">“Hast thou,”</span> he said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“forgotten my example, who, for the sake of those + little ones, whom Christ commended to me in token of His affection, + underwent at the hands of infidels and enemies of Christ, bonds, + stripes, imprisonment, afflictions, and lastly, death itself, even + the death of the cross, that I might at last be crowned with + Him?”</span> Laurentius, the servant of Christ, roused by the + scourging of the blessed Peter and his words of exhortation, went + to the king as soon as morning broke, and laying aside his garment, + showed the scars of the stripes which he had received. The king, + astonished, asked who had presumed to inflict such stripes on so + great a man. And when he heard that for the sake of his salvation + the bishop had suffered these cruel blows at the hands of the + Apostle of Christ, he was greatly afraid; and abjuring the worship + of idols, and renouncing his unlawful marriage, he received the + faith of Christ, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page098">[pg + 098]</span><a name="Pg098" id="Pg098" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + and being baptized, promoted and supported the interests of the + Church to the utmost of his power.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He also sent + over into Gaul, and recalled Mellitus and Justus, and bade them + return to govern their churches in freedom. They came back one year + after their departure, and Justus returned to the city of + Rochester, where he had before presided; but the people of London + would not receive Bishop Mellitus, choosing rather to be under + their idolatrous high priests; for King Eadbald had not so much + authority in the kingdom as his father, and was not able to restore + the bishop to his church against the will and consent of the + pagans. But he and his nation, after his conversion to the Lord, + sought to obey the commandments of God. Lastly, he built the church + of the holy Mother of God,<a id="noteref_197" name="noteref_197" + href="#note_197"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">197</span></span></a> in + the monastery of the most blessed chief of the Apostles, which was + afterwards consecrated by Archbishop Mellitus.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc95" id="toc95"></a> <a name="pdf96" id="pdf96"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_VII" id="Book_II_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VII. How Bishop Mellitus by + prayer quenched a fire in his city. [619</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In this king's + reign, the blessed Archbishop Laurentius was taken up to the + heavenly kingdom: he was buried in the church and monastery of the + holy Apostle Peter, close by his predecessor Augustine, on the 2nd + day of the month of February.<a id="noteref_198" name="noteref_198" + href="#note_198"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">198</span></span></a> + Mellitus, who was bishop of London, succeeded to the see of + Canterbury, being the third archbishop from Augustine; Justus, who + was still living, governed the church of Rochester. These ruled the + Church of the English with much care and industry, and received + letters of exhortation from Boniface,<a id="noteref_199" name= + "noteref_199" href="#note_199"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">199</span></span></a> + bishop of the Roman Apostolic see, who presided over the Church + after Deusdedit, in the year of our Lord 619. Mellitus laboured + under the bodily infirmity of gout, but his mind was sound and + active, cheerfully passing over all earthly things, and always + aspiring to love, seek, and attain to <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page099">[pg 099]</span><a name="Pg099" id="Pg099" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> those which are celestial. He was noble by + birth, but still nobler by the elevation of his mind.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In short, that I + may give one instance of his power, from which the rest may be + inferred, it happened once that the city of Canterbury, being set + on fire through carelessness, was in danger of being consumed by + the spreading conflagration; water was thrown on the fire in vain; + a considerable part of the city was already destroyed, and the + fierce flames were advancing towards the bishop's abode, when he, + trusting in God, where human help failed, ordered himself to be + carried towards the raging masses of fire which were spreading on + every side. The church of the four crowned Martyrs<a id= + "noteref_200" name="noteref_200" href="#note_200"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">200</span></span></a> was + in the place where the fire raged most fiercely. The bishop, being + carried thither by his servants, weak as he was, set about averting + by prayer the danger which the strong hands of active men had not + been able to overcome with all their exertions. Immediately the + wind, which blowing from the south had spread the conflagration + throughout the city, veered to the north, and thus prevented the + destruction of those places that had been exposed to its full + violence, then it ceased entirely and there was a calm, while the + flames likewise sank and were extinguished. And because the man of + God burned with the fire of divine love, and was wont to drive away + the storms of the powers of the air, by his frequent prayers and at + his bidding, from doing harm to himself, or his people, it was meet + that he should be allowed to prevail over the winds and flames of + this world, and to obtain that they should not injure him or + his.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This archbishop + also, having ruled the church five years, departed to heaven in the + reign of King Eadbald, and was buried with his fathers in the + monastery and church, which we have so often mentioned, of the most + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page100">[pg 100]</span><a name= + "Pg100" id="Pg100" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> blessed chief of the + Apostles, in the year of our Lord 624, on the 24th day of + April.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc97" id="toc97"></a> <a name="pdf98" id="pdf98"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_VIII" id="Book_II_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VIII. How Pope Boniface sent + the Pall and a letter to Justus, successor to Mellitus. [624</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Justus, bishop + of the church of Rochester, immediately succeeded Mellitus in the + archbishopric. He consecrated Romanus bishop of that see in his own + stead, having obtained authority to ordain bishops from Pope + Boniface, whom we mentioned above as successor to Deusdedit: of + which licence this is the form:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Boniface, to his most beloved brother + Justus.</span></span> We have learnt not only from the contents of + your letter addressed to us, but from the fulfilment granted to + your work, how faithfully and vigilantly you have laboured, my + brother, for the Gospel of Christ; for Almighty God has not + forsaken either the mystery of His Name, or the fruit of your + labours, having Himself faithfully promised to the preachers of the + Gospel, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Lo! I am with you alway, even unto + the end of the world’</span>;<a id="noteref_201" name="noteref_201" + href="#note_201"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">201</span></span></a> which + promise His mercy has particularly manifested in this ministry + imposed upon you, opening the hearts of the nations to receive the + wondrous mystery of your preaching. For He has blessed with a rich + reward your Eminence's acceptable course, by the support of His + loving kindness; granting a plentiful increase to your labours in + the faithful management of the talents committed to you, and + bestowing it on that which you might confirm to many + generations.<a id="noteref_202" name="noteref_202" href= + "#note_202"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">202</span></span></a> This + is conferred on you by that recompense whereby, constantly + persevering in the ministry imposed upon you, you have awaited with + praiseworthy patience the redemption of that nation, and that they + might profit by your merits, salvation has been bestowed + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page101">[pg 101]</span><a name= + "Pg101" id="Pg101" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> on them. For our + Lord Himself says, <span class="tei tei-q">‘He that endureth to the + end shall be saved.’</span><a id="noteref_203" name="noteref_203" + href="#note_203"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">203</span></span></a> You + are, therefore, saved by the hope of patience, and the virtue of + endurance, to the end that the hearts of unbelievers, being + cleansed from their natural disease of superstition, might obtain + the mercy of their Saviour: for having received letters from our + son Adulwald,<a id="noteref_204" name="noteref_204" href= + "#note_204"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">204</span></span></a> we + perceive with how much knowledge of the Sacred Word you, my + brother, have brought his mind to the belief in true conversion and + the certainty of the faith. Therefore, firmly confiding in the + long-suffering of the Divine clemency, we believe that, through the + ministry of your preaching, there will ensue most full salvation + not only of the nations subject to him, but also of their + neighbours; to the end, that as it is written, the recompense of a + perfect work may be conferred on you by the Lord, the Rewarder of + all the just; and that the universal confession of all nations, + having received the mystery of the Christian faith, may declare, + that in truth <span class="tei tei-q">‘Their sound is gone out into + all the earth, and their words unto the end of the + world.’</span><a id="noteref_205" name="noteref_205" href= + "#note_205"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">205</span></span></a></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“We have also, my brother, moved by the warmth of our + goodwill, sent you by the bearer of these presents, the pall, + giving you authority to use it only in the celebration of the + Sacred Mysteries; granting to you likewise to ordain bishops when + there shall be occasion, through the Lord's mercy; that so the + Gospel of Christ, by the preaching of many, may be spread abroad in + all the nations that are not yet converted. You must, therefore, + endeavour, my brother, to preserve with unblemished sincerity of + mind that which you have received through the kindness of the + Apostolic see, bearing in mind what it is that is represented by + the honourable vestment which you have obtained to be borne on your + shoulders. And imploring the Divine mercy, study to show yourself + such that you may present before the tribunal of the Supreme Judge + that is to come, the rewards of the favour granted to you, not with + guiltiness, but with the benefit of souls.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“God preserve you in safety, most dear + brother!”</span></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page102">[pg 102]</span><a name= + "Pg102" id="Pg102" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc99" id="toc99"></a> <a name="pdf100" id="pdf100"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_IX" id="Book_II_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IX. Of the reign of King Edwin, + and how Paulinus, coming to preach the Gospel, first converted his + daughter and others to the mysteries of the faith of Christ. + [625-626</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time the + nation of the Northumbrians, that is, the English tribe dwelling on + the north side of the river Humber, with their king, Edwin,<a id= + "noteref_206" name="noteref_206" href="#note_206"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">206</span></span></a> + received the Word of faith through the preaching of Paulinus,<a id= + "noteref_207" name="noteref_207" href="#note_207"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">207</span></span></a> of + whom we have before spoken. This king, as an earnest of his + reception of the faith, and his share in the heavenly kingdom, + received an increase also of his temporal realm, for he reduced + under his dominion all the parts of Britain<a id="noteref_208" + name="noteref_208" href="#note_208"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">208</span></span></a> that + were provinces either of the English, or of the Britons, a thing + which no English king had ever done before; and he even subjected + to the English the Mevanian islands, as has been said above.<a id= + "noteref_209" name="noteref_209" href="#note_209"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">209</span></span></a> The + more important of these, which is to the southward, is the larger + in extent, and more fruitful, containing nine hundred and sixty + families, according to the English computation; the other contains + above three hundred.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The occasion of + this nation's reception of the faith was the alliance by marriage + of their aforesaid king with the kings of Kent, for he had taken to + wife Ethelberg, otherwise called Tata,<a id="noteref_210" name= + "noteref_210" href="#note_210"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">210</span></span></a> + daughter to King Ethelbert. When he first sent ambassadors to ask + her in marriage of her brother Eadbald, who then reigned in Kent, + he received the answer, <span class="tei tei-q">“That it was not + lawful to give a Christian maiden in marriage to a pagan husband, + lest the faith and the mysteries of the heavenly King should be + profaned by her union with a king that was altogether a stranger to + the worship of the true God.”</span> This answer being brought to + Edwin by his messengers, he promised that he would in no manner act + in opposition to the Christian faith, which the maiden professed; + but would give leave to her, and all that went with her, men and + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page103">[pg 103]</span><a name= + "Pg103" id="Pg103" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> women, bishops and + clergy, to follow their faith and worship after the custom of the + Christians. Nor did he refuse to accept that religion himself, if, + being examined by wise men, it should be found more holy and more + worthy of God.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">So the maiden + was promised, and sent to Edwin, and in accordance with the + agreement, Paulinus, a man beloved of God, was ordained bishop, to + go with her, and by daily exhortations, and celebrating the + heavenly Mysteries, to confirm her and her company, lest they + should be corrupted by intercourse with the pagans. Paulinus was + ordained bishop by the Archbishop Justus, on the 21st day of July, + in the year of our Lord 625, and so came to King Edwin with the + aforesaid maiden as an attendant on their union in the flesh. But + his mind was wholly bent upon calling the nation to which he was + sent to the knowledge of truth; according to the words of the + Apostle, <span class="tei tei-q">“To espouse her to the one true + Husband, that he might present her as a chaste virgin to + Christ.”</span><a id="noteref_211" name="noteref_211" href= + "#note_211"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">211</span></span></a> Being + come into that province, he laboured much, not only to retain those + that went with him, by the help of God, that they should not + abandon the faith, but, if haply he might, to convert some of the + pagans to the grace of the faith by his preaching. But, as the + Apostle says, though he laboured long in the Word, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“The god of this world blinded the minds of them that + believed not, lest the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ + should shine unto them.”</span><a id="noteref_212" name= + "noteref_212" href="#note_212"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">212</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The next year + there came into the province one called Eumer, sent by the king of + the West-Saxons, whose name was Cuichelm,<a id="noteref_213" name= + "noteref_213" href="#note_213"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">213</span></span></a> to + lie in wait for King Edwin, in hopes at once to deprive him of his + kingdom and his life. He had a two-edged dagger, dipped in poison, + to the end that, if the wound inflicted by the weapon did not avail + to kill the king, it might be aided by the deadly venom. He came to + the king on the first day of the Easter <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page104">[pg 104]</span><a name="Pg104" id="Pg104" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> festival,<a id="noteref_214" name= + "noteref_214" href="#note_214"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">214</span></span></a> at + the river Derwent, where there was then a royal township,<a id= + "noteref_215" name="noteref_215" href="#note_215"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">215</span></span></a> and + being admitted as if to deliver a message from his master, whilst + unfolding in cunning words his pretended embassy, he started up on + a sudden, and unsheathing the dagger under his garment, assaulted + the king. When Lilla, the king's most devoted servant, saw this, + having no buckler at hand to protect the king from death, he at + once interposed his own body to receive the blow; but the enemy + struck home with such force, that he wounded the king through the + body of the slaughtered thegn. Being then attacked on all sides + with swords, in the confusion he also slew impiously with his + dagger another of the thegns, whose name was Forthhere.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On that same + holy Easter night, the queen had brought forth to the king a + daughter, called Eanfled. The king, in the presence of Bishop + Paulinus, gave thanks to his gods for the birth of his daughter; + and the bishop, on his part, began to give thanks to Christ, and to + tell the king, that by his prayers to Him he had obtained that the + queen should bring forth the child in safety, and without grievous + pain. The king, delighted with his words, promised, that if God + would grant him life and victory over the king by whom the murderer + who had wounded him had been sent, he would renounce his idols, and + serve Christ; and as a pledge that he would perform his promise, he + delivered up that same daughter to Bishop Paulinus, to be + consecrated to Christ. She was the first to be baptized of the + nation of the Northumbrians, and she received Baptism on the holy + day of Pentecost, along with eleven others of her house.<a id= + "noteref_216" name="noteref_216" href="#note_216"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">216</span></span></a> At + that time, the king, being recovered of the wound which he had + received, raised an army and marched against <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page105">[pg 105]</span><a name="Pg105" id="Pg105" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the nation of the West-Saxons; and + engaging in war, either slew or received in surrender all those of + whom he learned that they had conspired to murder him. So he + returned victorious into his own country, but he would not + immediately and unadvisedly embrace the mysteries of the Christian + faith, though he no longer worshipped idols, ever since he made the + promise that he would serve Christ; but first took heed earnestly + to be instructed at leisure by the venerable Paulinus, in the + knowledge of faith, and to confer with such as he knew to be the + wisest of his chief men, inquiring what they thought was fittest to + be done in that case. And being a man of great natural sagacity, he + often sat alone by himself a long time in silence, deliberating in + the depths of his heart how he should proceed, and to which + religion he should adhere.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc101" id="toc101"></a> <a name="pdf102" id="pdf102"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. X. How Pope Boniface, by + letter, exhorted the same king to embrace the faith. + [</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 144%">625</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time he + received a letter from Pope Boniface<a id="noteref_217" name= + "noteref_217" href="#note_217"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">217</span></span></a> + exhorting him to embrace the faith, which was as follows:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">COPY OF THE LETTER OF THE MOST BLESSED AND + APOSTOLIC POPE OF THE CHURCH OF THE CITY OF ROME, BONIFACE, + ADDRESSED TO THE ILLUSTRIOUS EDWIN, KING OF THE ENGLISH.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">To + the illustrious Edwin, king of the English, Bishop Boniface, the + servant of the servants of God.</span></span> <span style= + "font-size: 90%">Although the power of the Supreme Deity cannot + be expressed by</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page106">[pg + 106]</span><a name="Pg106" id="Pg106" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%">the function of + human speech, seeing that, by its own greatness, it so consists + in invisible and unsearchable eternity, that no keenness of wit + can comprehend or express how great it is; yet inasmuch as His + Humanity, having opened the doors of the heart to receive + Himself, mercifully, by secret inspiration, puts into the minds + of men such things as It reveals concerning Itself,</span><a id= + "noteref_218" name="noteref_218" href="#note_218"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">218</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">we have thought fit to extend our + episcopal care so far as to make known to you the fulness of the + Christian faith; to the end that, bringing to your knowledge the + Gospel of Christ, which our Saviour commanded should be preached + to all nations, we might offer to you the cup of the means of + salvation.</span><a id="noteref_219" name="noteref_219" href= + "#note_219"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">219</span></span></a></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Thus the goodness of the Supreme Majesty, which, + by the word alone of His command, made and created all things, + the heaven, the earth, the sea, and all that in them is, + disposing the order by which they should subsist, hath, ordaining + all things, with the counsel of His co-eternal Word, and the + unity of the Holy Spirit, made man after His own image and + likeness, forming him out of the mire of the earth; and granted + him such high privilege of distinction, as to place him above all + else; so that, preserving the bounds of the law of his being, his + substance should be established to eternity. This God,—Father, + Son, and Holy Ghost, the undivided Trinity,—from the east unto + the west, through faith by confession to the saving of their + souls, men worship and adore as the Creator of all things, and + their own Maker; to Whom also the heights of empire and the + powers of the world are subject, because the pre-eminence of all + kingdoms is granted by His disposition. It hath pleased Him, + therefore, in the mercy of His loving kindness, and for the + greater benefit of all His creatures,</span><a id="noteref_220" + name="noteref_220" href="#note_220"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">220</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">by the fire of His Holy Spirit + wonderfully to kindle the cold hearts even of</span> <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page107">[pg 107]</span><a name="Pg107" id= + "Pg107" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style= + "font-size: 90%">the nations seated at the extremities of the + earth in the knowledge of Himself.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">For we suppose, since the two countries are near + together, that your Highness has fully understood what the + clemency of our Redeemer has effected in the enlightenment of our + illustrious son, King Eadbald, and the nations under his rule; we + therefore trust, with assured confidence that, through the + long-suffering of Heaven, His wonderful gift will be also + conferred on you; since, indeed, we have learnt that your + illustrious consort, who is discerned to be one flesh with you, + has been blessed with the reward of eternity, through the + regeneration of Holy Baptism. We have, therefore, taken care by + this letter, with all the goodwill of heartfelt love, to exhort + your Highness, that, abhorring idols and their worship, and + despising the foolishness of temples, and the deceitful + flatteries of auguries, you believe in God the Father Almighty, + and His Son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost, to the end that, + believing and being released from the bonds of captivity to the + Devil, you may, through the co-operating power of the Holy and + undivided Trinity, be partaker of the eternal + life.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">How great guilt they lie under, who adhere in + their worship to the pernicious superstition of idolatry, appears + by the examples of the perishing of those whom they worship. + Wherefore it is said of them by the Psalmist,</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">All the gods of the nations are + devils,</span><a id="noteref_221" name="noteref_221" href= + "#note_221"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">221</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">but the Lord made the + heavens.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">And again,</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Eyes have they, but they see not; they have + ears, but they hear not; noses have they, but they smell not; + they have hands, but they handle not; feet have they, but they + walk not. Therefore they are made like unto those that place the + hope of their confidence in them.</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">’</span></span><a id="noteref_222" name= + "noteref_222" href="#note_222"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">222</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">For how can they have power to help + any man, that are made out of corruptible matter, by the hands of + your inferiors and subjects, and on which, by employing human + art, you have bestowed a lifeless similitude of members? which, + moreover, unless they</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page108">[pg 108]</span><a name="Pg108" id="Pg108" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%">be moved by + you, will not be able to walk; but, like a stone fixed in one + place, being so formed, and having no understanding, sunk in + insensibility, have no power of doing harm or good. We cannot, + therefore, by any manner of discernment conceive how you come to + be so deceived as to follow and worship those gods, to whom you + yourselves have given the likeness of a body.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">It behoves you, therefore, by taking upon you + the sign of the Holy Cross, by which the human race has been + redeemed, to root out of your hearts all the accursed + deceitfulness of the snares of the Devil, who is ever the jealous + foe of the works of the Divine Goodness, and to put forth your + hands and with all your might set to work to break in pieces and + destroy those which you have hitherto fashioned of wood or stone + to be your gods. For the very destruction and decay of these, + which never had the breath of life in them, nor could in any wise + receive feeling from their makers, may plainly teach you how + worthless that was which you hitherto worshipped. For you + yourselves, who have received the breath of life from the Lord, + are certainly better than these which are wrought with hands, + seeing that Almighty God has appointed you to be descended, after + many ages and through many generations, from the first man whom + he formed. Draw near, then, to the knowledge of Him Who created + you, Who breathed the breath of life into you, Who sent His + only-begotten Son for your redemption, to save you from original + sin, that being delivered from the power of the Devil's + perversity and wickedness, He might bestow on you a heavenly + reward.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Hearken to the words of the preachers, and the + Gospel of God, which they declare to you, to the end that, + believing, as has been said before more than once, in God the + Father Almighty, and in Jesus Christ His Son, and the Holy Ghost, + and the indivisible Trinity, having put to flight the thoughts of + devils, and driven from you the temptations of the venomous and + deceitful enemy, and being born again of water and the Holy + Ghost, you may, through the aid of His bounty, dwell in the + brightness</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page109">[pg + 109]</span><a name="Pg109" id="Pg109" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%">of eternal + glory with Him in Whom you shall have believed.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">We have, moreover, sent you the blessing of your + protector, the blessed Peter, chief of the Apostles, to wit, a + shirt of proof with one gold ornament, and one cloak of Ancyra, + which we pray your Highness to accept with all the goodwill with + which it is sent by us.</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span></p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc103" id="toc103"></a> <a name="pdf104" id="pdf104"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XI" id="Book_II_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XI. How Pope Boniface advised + the king's consort to use her best endeavours for his salvation. + [</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">625</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same pope + also wrote to King Edwin's consort, Ethelberg, to this effect:</p> + + <div class="block tei tei-quote" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">THE COPY OF THE LETTER OF THE MOST BLESSED AND + APOSTOLIC BONIFACE, POPE OF THE CITY OF ROME, TO ETHELBERG, KING + EDWIN'S QUEEN.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">To + the illustrious lady his daughter, Queen Ethelberg, Boniface, + bishop, servant of the servants of God.</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">The goodness of our Redeemer has in His abundant + Providence offered the means of salvation to the human race, + which He rescued, by the shedding of His precious Blood, from the + bonds of captivity to the Devil; to the end that, when He had + made known His name in divers ways to the nations, they might + acknowledge their Creator by embracing the mystery of the + Christian faith. And this the mystical purification of your + regeneration plainly shows to have been bestowed upon the mind of + your Highness by God's gift. Our heart, therefore, has greatly + rejoiced in the benefit bestowed by the bounty of the Lord, for + that He has vouchsafed, in your confession, to kindle a spark of + the orthodox religion, by which He might the more easily inflame + with the love of Himself the understanding, not only of your + illustrious consort, but also of all the nation that is subject + to you.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">For we have been informed by those, who came to + acquaint us with the laudable conversion of our + illustrious</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page110">[pg + 110]</span><a name="Pg110" id="Pg110" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%">son, King + Eadbald, that your Highness, also, having received the wonderful + mystery of the Christian faith, continually excels in the + performance of works pious and acceptable to God; that you + likewise carefully refrain from the worship of idols, and the + deceits of temples and auguries, and with unimpaired devotion, + give yourself so wholly to the love of your Redeemer, as never to + cease from lending your aid in spreading the Christian faith. But + when our fatherly love earnestly inquired concerning your + illustrious consort, we were given to understand, that he still + served abominable idols, and delayed to yield obedience in giving + ear to the voice of the preachers. This occasioned us no small + grief, that he that is one flesh with you still remained a + stranger to the knowledge of the supreme and undivided Trinity. + Whereupon we, in our fatherly care, have not delayed to admonish + and exhort your Christian Highness, to the end that, filled with + the support of the Divine inspiration, you should not defer to + strive, both in season and out of season, that with the + co-operating power of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, your + husband also may be added to the number of Christians; that so + you may uphold the rights of marriage in the bond of a holy and + unblemished union. For it is written,</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">They twain shall be one + flesh.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><a id= + "noteref_223" name="noteref_223" href="#note_223"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">223</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">How then can it be said, that there + is unity in the bond between you, if he continues a stranger to + the brightness of your faith, separated from it by the darkness + of detestable error?</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Wherefore, applying yourself continually to + prayer, do not cease to beg of the long-suffering of the Divine + Mercy the benefits of his illumination; to the end, that those + whom the union of carnal affection has manifestly made in a + manner to be one body, may, after this life continue in perpetual + fellowship, by the unity of faith. Persist, therefore, + illustrious daughter, and to the utmost of your power endeavour + to soften the hardness of his heart by carefully making known to + him the Divine precepts; pouring into his mind a knowledge of the + greatness of</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page111">[pg + 111]</span><a name="Pg111" id="Pg111" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%">that mystery + which you have received by faith, and of the marvellous reward + which, by the new birth, you have been made worthy to obtain. + Inflame the coldness of his heart by the message of the Holy + Ghost, that he may put from him the deadness of an evil worship, + and the warmth of the Divine faith may kindle his understanding + through your frequent exhortations; and so the testimony of Holy + Scripture may shine forth clearly, fulfilled by you,</span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The + unbelieving husband shall be saved by the believing + wife.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><a id= + "noteref_224" name="noteref_224" href="#note_224"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">224</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">For to this end you have obtained + the mercy of the Lord's goodness, that you might restore with + increase to your Redeemer the fruit of faith and of the benefits + entrusted to your hands. That you may be able to fulfil this + task, supported by the help of His loving kindness we do not + cease to implore with frequent prayers.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Having premised thus much, in pursuance of the + duty of our fatherly affection, we exhort you, that when the + opportunity of a bearer shall offer, you will with all speed + comfort us with the glad tidings of the wonderful work which the + heavenly Power shall vouchsafe to perform by your means in the + conversion</span><a id="noteref_225" name="noteref_225" href= + "#note_225"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">225</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 90%">of your consort, and of the nation + subject to you; to the end, that our solicitude, which earnestly + awaits the fulfilment of its desire in the soul's salvation of + you and yours, may, by hearing from you, be set at rest; and that + we, discerning more fully the light of the Divine propitiation + shed abroad in you, may with a joyful confession abundantly + return due thanks to God, the Giver of all good things, and to + the blessed Peter, the chief of the Apostles.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">We have, moreover, sent you the blessing of your + protector, the blessed Peter, the chief of the Apostles, to wit, + a silver looking-glass, and a gilded ivory comb, which we pray + your Highness to accept with all the goodwill with which it is + sent by us.</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span></p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page112">[pg 112]</span><a name= + "Pg112" id="Pg112" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc105" id="toc105"></a> <a name="pdf106" id="pdf106"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XII" id="Book_II_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XII. How Edwin was persuaded to + believe by a vision which he had once seen when he was in exile. + [</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 144%">616</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus wrote the + aforesaid Pope Boniface for the salvation of King Edwin and his + nation. But a heavenly vision, which the Divine Goodness was + pleased once to reveal to this king, when he was in banishment at + the court of Redwald, king of the Angles,<a id="noteref_226" name= + "noteref_226" href="#note_226"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">226</span></span></a> was + of no little use in urging him to receive and understand the + doctrines of salvation. For when Paulinus perceived that it was a + difficult task to incline the king's proud mind to the humility of + the way of salvation and the reception of the mystery of the + life-giving Cross, and at the same time was employing the word of + exhortation with men, and prayer to the Divine Goodness, for the + salvation of Edwin and his subjects; at length, as we may suppose, + it was shown him in spirit what the nature of the vision was that + had been formerly revealed from Heaven to the king. Then he lost no + time, but immediately admonished the king to perform the vow which + he had made, when he received the vision, promising to fulfil it, + if he should be delivered from the troubles of that time, and + advanced to the throne.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The vision was + this. When Ethelfrid,<a id="noteref_227" name="noteref_227" href= + "#note_227"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">227</span></span></a> his + predecessor, was persecuting him, he wandered for many years as an + exile, hiding in divers places and kingdoms, and at last came to + Redwald, beseeching him to give him protection against the snares + of his powerful persecutor. Redwald willingly received him, and + promised to perform what was asked of him. But when Ethelfrid + understood that he had appeared in that province, and that he and + his companions were hospitably entertained by Redwald, he sent + messengers to bribe that king with a great sum of money to murder + him, but without effect. He sent a second and a third time, + offering a greater bribe each <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page113">[pg 113]</span><a name="Pg113" id="Pg113" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> time, and, moreover, threatening to make war + on him if his offer should be despised. Redwald, whether terrified + by his threats, or won over by his gifts, complied with this + request, and promised either to kill Edwin, or to deliver him up to + the envoys. A faithful friend of his, hearing of this, went into + his chamber, where he was going to bed, for it was the first hour + of the night; and calling him out, told him what the king had + promised to do with him, adding, <span class="tei tei-q">“If, + therefore, you are willing, I will this very hour conduct you out + of this province, and lead you to a place where neither Redwald nor + Ethelfrid shall ever find you.”</span> He answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I thank you for your good will, yet I cannot do what + you propose, and be guilty of being the first to break the compact + I have made with so great a king, when he has done me no harm, nor + shown any enmity to me; but, on the contrary, if I must die, let it + rather be by his hand than by that of any meaner man. For whither + shall I now fly, when I have for so many long years been a vagabond + through all the provinces of Britain, to escape the snares of my + enemies?”</span> His friend went away; Edwin remained alone + without, and sitting with a heavy heart before the palace, began to + be overwhelmed with many thoughts, not knowing what to do, or which + way to turn.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When he had + remained a long time in silent anguish of mind, consumed with + inward fire,<a id="noteref_228" name="noteref_228" href= + "#note_228"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">228</span></span></a> on a + sudden in the stillness of the dead of night he saw approaching a + person, whose face and habit were strange to him, at sight of whom, + seeing that he was unknown and unlooked for, he was not a little + startled. The stranger coming close up, saluted him, and asked why + he sat there in solitude on a stone troubled and wakeful at that + time, when all others were taking their rest, and were fast asleep. + Edwin, in his turn, asked, what it was to him, whether he spent the + night within doors or abroad. The stranger, in reply, said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Do not think that I am ignorant of the + cause of your grief, your watching, and sitting alone without. For + I know of a surety who you <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page114">[pg 114]</span><a name="Pg114" id="Pg114" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> are, and why you grieve, and the evils which + you fear will soon fall upon you. But tell me, what reward you + would give the man who should deliver you out of these troubles, + and persuade Redwald neither to do you any harm himself, nor to + deliver you up to be murdered by your enemies.”</span> Edwin + replied, that he would give such an one all that he could in return + for so great a benefit. The other further added, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“What if he should also assure you, that your enemies + should be destroyed, and you should be a king surpassing in power, + not only all your own ancestors, but even all that have reigned + before you in the English nation?”</span> Edwin, encouraged by + these questions, did not hesitate to promise that he would make a + fitting return to him who should confer such benefits upon him. + Then the other spoke a third time and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“But if he who should truly foretell that all these + great blessings are about to befall you, could also give you better + and more profitable counsel for your life and salvation than any of + your fathers or kindred ever heard, do you consent to submit to + him, and to follow his wholesome guidance?”</span> Edwin at once + promised that he would in all things follow the teaching of that + man who should deliver him from so many great calamities, and raise + him to a throne.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Having received + this answer, the man who talked to him laid his right hand on his + head saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“When this sign shall be given + you, remember this present discourse that has passed between us, + and do not delay the performance of what you now promise.”</span> + Having uttered these words, he is said to have immediately + vanished. So the king perceived that it was not a man, but a + spirit, that had appeared to him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Whilst the royal + youth still sat there alone, glad of the comfort he had received, + but still troubled and earnestly pondering who he was, and whence + he came, that had so talked to him, his aforesaid friend came to + him, and greeting him with a glad countenance, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Rise,”</span> said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“go in; + calm and put away your anxious cares, and compose yourself in body + and mind to sleep; for the king's resolution is altered, and he + designs to do you no <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page115">[pg + 115]</span><a name="Pg115" id="Pg115" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + harm, but rather to keep his pledged faith; for when he had + privately made known to the queen his intention of doing what I + told you before, she dissuaded him from it, reminding him that it + was altogether unworthy of so great a king to sell his good friend + in such distress for gold, and to sacrifice his honour, which is + more valuable than all other adornments, for the love of + money.”</span> In short, the king did as has been said, and not + only refused to deliver up the banished man to his enemy's + messengers, but helped him to recover his kingdom. For as soon as + the messengers had returned home, he raised a mighty army to subdue + Ethelfrid; who, meeting him with much inferior forces, (for Redwald + had not given him time to gather and unite all his power,) was + slain on the borders of the kingdom of Mercia, on the east side of + the river that is called Idle.<a id="noteref_229" name= + "noteref_229" href="#note_229"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">229</span></span></a> In + this battle, Redwald's son, called Raegenheri, was killed. Thus + Edwin, in accordance with the prophecy he had received, not only + escaped the danger from his enemy, but, by his death, succeeded the + king on the throne.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Edwin, + therefore, delaying to receive the Word of God at the preaching of + Paulinus, and being wont for some time, as has been said, to sit + many hours alone, and seriously to ponder with himself what he was + to do, and what religion he was to follow, the man of God came to + him one day, laid his right hand on his head, and asked, whether he + knew that sign? The king, trembling, was ready to fall down at his + feet, but he raised him up, and speaking to him with the voice of a + friend, said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Behold, by the gift of God + you have escaped the hands of the enemies whom you feared. Behold, + you have obtained of His bounty the kingdom which you desired. Take + heed not to delay to perform your third promise; accept the faith, + and keep the precepts of Him Who, delivering you from temporal + adversity, has raised you to the honour of a temporal kingdom; and + if, from this time <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page116">[pg + 116]</span><a name="Pg116" id="Pg116" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + forward, you shall be obedient to His will, which through me He + signifies to you, He will also deliver you from the everlasting + torments of the wicked, and make you partaker with Him of His + eternal kingdom in heaven.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc107" id="toc107"></a> <a name="pdf108" id="pdf108"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XIII" id="Book_II_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIII. Of the Council he held + with his chief men concerning their reception of the faith of + Christ, and how the high priest profaned his own altars. + [627</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The king, + hearing these words, answered, that he was both willing and bound + to receive the faith which Paulinus taught; but that he would + confer about it with his chief friends and counsellors, to the end + that if they also were of his opinion, they might all together be + consecrated to Christ in the font of life. Paulinus consenting, the + king did as he said; for, holding a council with the wise + men,<a id="noteref_230" name="noteref_230" href= + "#note_230"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">230</span></span></a> he + asked of every one in particular what he thought of this doctrine + hitherto unknown to them, and the new worship of God that was + preached? The chief of his own priests, Coifi, immediately answered + him, <span class="tei tei-q">“O king, consider what this is which + is now preached to us; for I verily declare to you what I have + learnt beyond doubt, that the religion which we have hitherto + professed has no virtue in it and no profit. For none of your + people has applied himself more diligently to the worship of our + gods than I; and yet there are many who receive greater favours + from you, and are more preferred than I, and are more prosperous in + all that they undertake to do or to get. Now if the gods were good + for any thing, they would rather forward me, who have been careful + to serve them with greater zeal. It remains, therefore, that if + upon examination you find those new doctrines, which are now + preached to us, better and more efficacious, we hasten to receive + them without any delay.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Another of the + king's chief men, approving of his wise words and exhortations, + added thereafter: <span class="tei tei-q">“The present <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page117">[pg 117]</span><a name="Pg117" id="Pg117" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> life of man upon earth, O king, seems + to me, in comparison with that time which is unknown to us, like to + the swift flight of a sparrow through the house wherein you sit at + supper in winter, with your ealdormen and thegns, while the fire + blazes in the midst, and the hall is warmed, but the wintry storms + of rain or snow are raging abroad. The sparrow, flying in at one + door and immediately out at another, whilst he is within, is safe + from the wintry tempest; but after a short space of fair weather, + he immediately vanishes out of your sight, passing from winter into + winter again. So this life of man appears for a little while, but + of what is to follow or what went before we know nothing at all. + If, therefore, this new doctrine tells us something more certain, + it seems justly to deserve to be followed.”</span> The other elders + and king's counsellors, by Divine prompting, spoke to the same + effect.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But Coifi added, + that he wished more attentively to hear Paulinus discourse + concerning the God Whom he preached. When he did so, at the king's + command, Coifi, hearing his words, cried out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“This long time I have perceived that what we + worshipped was naught; because the more diligently I sought after + truth in that worship, the less I found it. But now I freely + confess, that such truth evidently appears in this preaching as can + confer on us the gifts of life, of salvation, and of eternal + happiness. For which reason my counsel is, O king, that we + instantly give up to ban and fire those temples and altars which we + have consecrated without reaping any benefit from them.”</span> In + brief, the king openly assented to the preaching of the Gospel by + Paulinus, and renouncing idolatry, declared that he received the + faith of Christ: and when he inquired of the aforesaid high priest + of his religion, who should first desecrate the altars and temples + of their idols, with the precincts that were about them, he + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“I; for who can more fittingly + than myself destroy those things which I worshipped in my folly, + for an example to all others, through the wisdom which has been + given me by the true God?”</span> Then immediately, in contempt of + his vain superstitions, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page118">[pg + 118]</span><a name="Pg118" id="Pg118" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + he desired the king to furnish him with arms and a stallion, that + he might mount and go forth to destroy the idols; for it was not + lawful before for the high priest either to carry arms, or to ride + on anything but a mare. Having, therefore, girt a sword about him, + with a spear in his hand, he mounted the king's stallion, and went + his way to the idols. The multitude, beholding it, thought that he + was mad; but as soon as he drew near the temple he did not delay to + desecrate it by casting into it the spear which he held; and + rejoicing in the knowledge of the worship of the true God, he + commanded his companions to tear down and set on fire the temple, + with all its precincts. This place where the idols once stood is + still shown, not far from York, to the eastward, beyond the river + Derwent, and is now called Godmunddingaham,<a id="noteref_231" + name="noteref_231" href="#note_231"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">231</span></span></a> where + the high priest, by the inspiration of the true God, profaned and + destroyed the altars which he had himself consecrated.<a id= + "noteref_232" name="noteref_232" href="#note_232"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">232</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc109" id="toc109"></a> <a name="pdf110" id="pdf110"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XIV" id="Book_II_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIV. How King Edwin and his + nation became Christians; and where Paulinus baptized them. + [627</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Edwin, + therefore, with all the nobility of the nation, and a large number + of the common sort, received the faith, and the washing of holy + regeneration, in the eleventh year of his reign, which is the year + of our Lord 627, and about one hundred and eighty after the coming + of the English into Britain. He was baptized at York, on the holy + day of Easter,<a id="noteref_233" name="noteref_233" href= + "#note_233"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">233</span></span></a> being + the 12th of April, in the church of St. Peter the Apostle, which he + himself had built of timber there in haste, whilst he was a + catechumen receiving instruction in order to be admitted to + baptism. In that city also he bestowed upon his instructor and + bishop, Paulinus, his episcopal see. But as soon as he was + baptized, he set about building, by the direction of <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page119">[pg 119]</span><a name="Pg119" id="Pg119" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Paulinus, in the same place a larger + and nobler church of stone, in the midst whereof the oratory which + he had first erected should be enclosed.<a id="noteref_234" name= + "noteref_234" href="#note_234"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">234</span></span></a> + Having, therefore, laid the foundation, he began to build the + church square, encompassing the former oratory. But before the + walls were raised to their full height, the cruel death<a id= + "noteref_235" name="noteref_235" href="#note_235"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">235</span></span></a> of + the king left that work to be finished by Oswald his successor. + Paulinus, for the space of six years from this time, that is, till + the end of the king's reign, with his consent and favour, preached + the Word of God in that country, and as many as were foreordained + to eternal life believed and were baptized. Among them were Osfrid + and Eadfrid, King Edwin's sons who were both born to him, whilst he + was in banishment, of Quenburga, the daughter of Cearl, king of the + Mercians.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Afterwards other + children of his, by Queen Ethelberg, were baptized, Ethelhun and + his daughter Ethelthryth, and another, Wuscfrea, a son; the first + two were snatched out of this life whilst they were still in the + white garments of the newly-baptized,<a id="noteref_236" name= + "noteref_236" href="#note_236"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">236</span></span></a> and + buried in the church at York. Yffi,<a id="noteref_237" name= + "noteref_237" href="#note_237"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">237</span></span></a> the + son of Osfrid, was also baptized, and many other noble and royal + persons. So great was then the fervour of the faith, as is + reported, and the desire for the laver of salvation among the + nation of the Northumbrians, that Paulinus at a certain time coming + with the king and queen to the royal township, which is called + Adgefrin,<a id="noteref_238" name="noteref_238" href= + "#note_238"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">238</span></span></a> + stayed there with them thirty-six days, fully occupied in + catechizing and baptizing; during which <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page120">[pg 120]</span><a name="Pg120" id="Pg120" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> days, from morning till night, he did nothing + else but instruct the people resorting from all villages and + places, in Christ's saving Word; and when they were instructed, he + washed them with the water of absolution in the river Glen,<a id= + "noteref_239" name="noteref_239" href="#note_239"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">239</span></span></a> which + is close by. This township, under the following kings, was + abandoned, and another was built instead of it, at the place called + Maelmin.<a id="noteref_240" name="noteref_240" href= + "#note_240"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">240</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">These things + happened in the province of the Bernicians; but in that of the + Deiri also, where he was wont often to be with the king, he + baptized in the river Swale, which runs by the village of + Cataract;<a id="noteref_241" name="noteref_241" href= + "#note_241"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">241</span></span></a> for + as yet oratories, or baptisteries, could not be built in the early + infancy of the Church in those parts. But in Campodonum,<a id= + "noteref_242" name="noteref_242" href="#note_242"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">242</span></span></a> where + there was then a royal township, he built a church which the + pagans, by whom King Edwin was slain, afterwards burnt, together + with all the place. Instead of this royal seat the later kings + built themselves a township in the country called Loidis.<a id= + "noteref_243" name="noteref_243" href="#note_243"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">243</span></span></a> But + the altar, being of stone, escaped the fire and is still preserved + in the monastery of the most reverend abbot and priest, Thrydwulf, + which is in the forest of Elmet.<a id="noteref_244" name= + "noteref_244" href="#note_244"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">244</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc111" id="toc111"></a> <a name="pdf112" id="pdf112"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XV" id="Book_II_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XV. How the province of the + East Angles received the faith of Christ. [627-628</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Edwin was so + zealous for the true worship, that he likewise persuaded Earpwald, + king of the East Angles, and son of Redwald, to abandon his + idolatrous superstitions, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page121">[pg + 121]</span><a name="Pg121" id="Pg121" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + and with his whole province to receive the faith and mysteries of + Christ. And indeed his father Redwald had long before been + initiated into the mysteries of the Christian faith in Kent, but in + vain; for on his return home, he was seduced by his wife and + certain perverse teachers, and turned aside from the sincerity of + the faith; and thus his latter state was worse than the former; so + that, like the Samaritans of old, he seemed at the same time to + serve Christ and the gods whom he served before; and in the same + temple he had an altar for the Christian Sacrifice, and another + small one at which to offer victims to devils. Aldwulf,<a id= + "noteref_245" name="noteref_245" href="#note_245"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">245</span></span></a> king + of that same province, who lived in our time, testifies that this + temple had stood until his time, and that he had seen it when he + was a boy. The aforesaid King Redwald was noble by birth, though + ignoble in his actions, being the son of Tytilus, whose father was + Uuffa, from whom the kings of the East Angles are called + Uuffings.<a id="noteref_246" name="noteref_246" href= + "#note_246"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">246</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Earpwald, not + long after he had embraced the Christian faith, was slain by one + Ricbert, a pagan; and from that time the province was in error for + three years, till Sigbert succeeded to the kingdom,<a id= + "noteref_247" name="noteref_247" href="#note_247"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">247</span></span></a> + brother to the same Earpwald, a most Christian and learned man, who + was banished, and went to live in Gaul during his brother's life, + and was there initiated into the mysteries of the faith, whereof he + made it his business to cause all his province to partake as soon + as he came to the throne. His exertions were nobly promoted by + Bishop Felix,<a id="noteref_248" name="noteref_248" href= + "#note_248"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">248</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page122">[pg 122]</span><a name= + "Pg122" id="Pg122" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> who, coming to + Honorius, the archbishop,<a id="noteref_249" name="noteref_249" + href="#note_249"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">249</span></span></a> from + the parts of Burgundy, where he had been born and ordained, and + having told him what he desired, was sent by him to preach the Word + of life to the aforesaid nation of the Angles. Nor were his good + wishes in vain; for the pious labourer in the spiritual field + reaped therein a great harvest of believers, delivering all that + province (according to the inner signification of his name) from + long iniquity and unhappiness, and bringing it to the faith and + works of righteousness, and the gifts of everlasting happiness. He + had the see of his bishopric appointed him in the city + Dommoc,<a id="noteref_250" name="noteref_250" href= + "#note_250"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">250</span></span></a> and + having presided over the same province with pontifical authority + seventeen years, he ended his days there in peace.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc113" id="toc113"></a> <a name="pdf114" id="pdf114"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XVI" id="Book_II_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVI. How Paulinus preached in + the province of Lindsey; and of the character of the reign of + Edwin. [</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 144%">628</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Paulinus also + preached the Word to the province of Lindsey,<a id="noteref_251" + name="noteref_251" href="#note_251"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">251</span></span></a> which + is the first on the south side of the river Humber, stretching as + far as the sea; and he first converted to the Lord the reeve of the + city of Lincoln, whose name was Blaecca, with his whole house. He + likewise built, in that city, a stone church of beautiful + workmanship; the roof of which has either fallen through long + neglect, or been thrown down by enemies, but the walls are still to + be seen standing, and every year miraculous cures are wrought in + that place, for the benefit of those who have faith to seek them. + In that church, when <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page123">[pg + 123]</span><a name="Pg123" id="Pg123" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Justus had departed to Christ, Paulinus consecrated Honorius bishop + in his stead, as will be hereafter mentioned in its proper + place.<a id="noteref_252" name="noteref_252" href= + "#note_252"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">252</span></span></a> A + certain priest and abbot of the monastery of Peartaneu,<a id= + "noteref_253" name="noteref_253" href="#note_253"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">253</span></span></a> a man + of singular veracity, whose name was Deda, told me concerning the + faith of this province that an old man had informed him that he + himself had been baptized at noon-day, by Bishop Paulinus, in the + presence of King Edwin, and with him a great multitude of the + people, in the river Trent, near the city, which in the English + tongue is called Tiouulfingacaestir;<a id="noteref_254" name= + "noteref_254" href="#note_254"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">254</span></span></a> and + he was also wont to describe the person of the same Paulinus, + saying that he was tall of stature, stooping somewhat, his hair + black, his visage thin, his nose slender and aquiline, his aspect + both venerable and awe-inspiring. He had also with him in the + ministry, James, the deacon,<a id="noteref_255" name="noteref_255" + href="#note_255"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">255</span></span></a> a man + of zeal and great fame in Christ and in the church, who lived even + to our days.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is told that + there was then such perfect peace in Britain, wheresoever the + dominion of King Edwin extended, that, as is still proverbially + said, a woman with her new-born babe might walk throughout the + island, from sea to sea, without receiving any harm. That king took + such care for the good of his nation, that in several places where + he had seen clear springs near the highways, he caused stakes to be + fixed, with copper drinking-vessels hanging on them, for the + refreshment of travellers; nor durst any man touch them for any + other purpose than that for which they were designed, either + through the great dread they had of the king, or for the affection + which they bore him. His dignity was so great throughout his + dominions, that not only were his banners <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page124">[pg 124]</span><a name="Pg124" id="Pg124" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> borne before him in battle, but even in time + of peace, when he rode about his cities, townships, or provinces, + with his thegns, the standard-bearer was always wont to go before + him. Also, when he walked anywhere along the streets, that sort of + banner which the Romans call Tufa,<a id="noteref_256" name= + "noteref_256" href="#note_256"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">256</span></span></a> and + the English, Thuuf, was in like manner borne before him.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc115" id="toc115"></a> <a name="pdf116" id="pdf116"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XVII" id="Book_II_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVII. How Edwin received + letters of exhortation from Pope Honorius, who also sent the pall + to Paulinus. [634</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time + Honorius, successor to Boniface, was Bishop of the Apostolic see. + When he learned that the nation of the Northumbrians, with their + king, had been, by the preaching of Paulinus, converted to the + faith and confession of Christ, he sent the pall to the said + Paulinus, and with it letters of exhortation to King Edwin, with + fatherly love inflaming his zeal, to the end that he and his people + should persist in belief of the truth which they had received. The + contents of which letter were as follow:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To his most noble son, and excellent lord, + Edwin king of the Angles, Bishop Honorius, servant of the servants + of God, greeting.</span></span> The wholeheartedness of your + Christian Majesty, in the worship of your Creator, is so inflamed + with the fire of faith, that it shines out far and wide, and, being + reported throughout the world, brings forth plentiful fruits of + your labours. For the terms of your kingship you know to be this, + that taught by orthodox preaching the knowledge of your King and + Creator, you believe and worship God, and as far as man is able, + pay Him the sincere devotion of your mind. For what else are we + able to offer to our God, but our readiness to worship Him and to + pay Him our vows, persisting in good actions, and confessing Him + the Creator of mankind? And, therefore, most excellent son, we + exhort you with <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page125">[pg + 125]</span><a name="Pg125" id="Pg125" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + such fatherly love as is meet, to labour to preserve this gift in + every way, by earnest striving and constant prayer, in that the + Divine Mercy has vouchsafed to call you to His grace; to the end + that He, Who has been pleased to deliver you from all errors, and + bring you to the knowledge of His name in this present world, may + likewise prepare a place for you in the heavenly country. Employing + yourself, therefore, in reading frequently the works of my lord + Gregory, your Evangelist, of apostolic memory, keep before your + eyes that love of his doctrine, which he zealously bestowed for the + sake of your souls; that his prayers may exalt your kingdom and + people, and present you faultless before Almighty God. We are + preparing with a willing mind immediately to grant those things + which you hoped would be by us ordained for your bishops, and this + we do on account of the sincerity of your faith, which has been + made known to us abundantly in terms of praise by the bearers of + these presents. We have sent two palls to the two metropolitans, + Honorius and Paulinus;<a id="noteref_257" name="noteref_257" href= + "#note_257"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">257</span></span></a> to + the intent, that when either of them shall be called out of this + world to his Creator, the other may, by this authority of ours, + substitute another bishop in his place; which privilege we are + induced to grant by the warmth of our love for you, as well as by + reason of the great extent of the provinces which lie between us + and you; that we may in all things support your devotion and + likewise satisfy your desires. May God's grace preserve your + Highness in safety!”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc117" id="toc117"></a> <a name="pdf118" id="pdf118"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XVIII" id="Book_II_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVIII. How Honorius, who + succeeded Justus in the bishopric of Canterbury, received the pall + and letters from Pope Honorius. [634</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + Archbishop Justus was taken up to the heavenly kingdom, on the 10th + of November,<a id="noteref_258" name="noteref_258" href= + "#note_258"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">258</span></span></a> and + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page126">[pg 126]</span><a name= + "Pg126" id="Pg126" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Honorius, who was + elected to the see in his stead, came to Paulinus to be ordained, + and meeting him at Lincoln was there consecrated the fifth prelate + of the Church of Canterbury from Augustine. To him also the + aforesaid Pope Honorius sent the pall, and a letter, wherein he + ordains the same that he had before ordained in his epistle to King + Edwin, to wit, that when either the Archbishop of Canterbury or of + York shall depart this life, the survivor, being of the same + degree, shall have power to ordain another bishop in the room of + him that is departed; that it might not be necessary always to + undertake the toilsome journey to Rome, at so great a distance by + sea and land, to ordain an archbishop. Which letter we have also + thought fit to insert in this our history:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Honorius to his most beloved brother + Honorius:</span></span> Among the many good gifts which the mercy + of our Redeemer is pleased to bestow on His servants He grants to + us in His bounty, graciously conferred on us by His goodness, the + special blessing of realizing by brotherly intercourse, as it were + face to face, our mutual love. For which gift we continually render + thanks to His Majesty; and we humbly beseech Him, that He will ever + confirm your labour, beloved, in preaching the Gospel, and bringing + forth fruit, and following the rule of your master and head, the + holy Gregory; and that, for the advancement of His Church, He may + by your means raise up further increase; to the end, that through + faith and works, in the fear and love of God, what you and your + predecessors have already gained from the seed sown by our lord + Gregory, may grow strong and be further extended; that so the + promises spoken by our Lord may hereafter be brought to pass in + you; and that these words may summon you to everlasting happiness: + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Come unto Me all ye that labour and are + heavy laden, and I will refresh you.’</span><a id="noteref_259" + name="noteref_259" href="#note_259"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">259</span></span></a> And + again, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Well done, good and faithful + servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make + thee ruler over many things; enter thou into the joy of + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page127">[pg 127]</span><a name= + "Pg127" id="Pg127" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> thy + Lord.’</span><a id="noteref_260" name="noteref_260" href= + "#note_260"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">260</span></span></a> And + we, most beloved brothers, sending you first these words of + exhortation out of our enduring charity, do not fail further to + grant those things which we perceive may be suitable for the + privileges of your Churches.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Wherefore, in accordance with your request, and that + of the kings our sons,<a id="noteref_261" name="noteref_261" href= + "#note_261"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">261</span></span></a> we do + hereby in the name of the blessed Peter, chief of the Apostles, + grant you authority, that when the Divine Grace shall call either + of you to Himself, the survivor shall ordain a bishop in the room + of him that is deceased. To which end also we have sent a pall to + each of you, beloved, for celebrating the said ordination; that by + the authority which we hereby commit to you, you may make an + ordination acceptable to God; because the long distance of sea and + land that lies between us and you, has obliged us to grant you + this, that no loss may happen to your Church in any way, on any + pretext whatever, but that the devotion of the people committed to + you may increase the more. God preserve you in safety, most dear + brother! Given the 11th day of June, in the reign of these our + lords and emperors, in the twenty-fourth year of the reign of + Heraclius, and the twenty-third after his consulship; and in the + twenty-third of his son Constantine, and the third after his + consulship; and in the third year of the most prosperous Caesar, + his son Heraclius,<a id="noteref_262" name="noteref_262" href= + "#note_262"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">262</span></span></a> the + seventh indiction; that is, in the year of our Lord, + 634.”</span></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page128">[pg 128]</span><a name= + "Pg128" id="Pg128" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc119" id="toc119"></a> <a name="pdf120" id="pdf120"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XIX" id="Book_II_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIX. How the aforesaid Honorius + first, and afterwards John, wrote letters to the nation of the + Scots, concerning the observance of Easter, and the Pelagian + heresy. [640</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same Pope + Honorius also wrote to the Scots,<a id="noteref_263" name= + "noteref_263" href="#note_263"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">263</span></span></a> whom + he had found to err in the observance of the holy Festival of + Easter, as has been shown above, with subtlety of argument + exhorting them not to think themselves, few as they were, and + placed in the utmost borders of the earth, wiser than all the + ancient and modern Churches of Christ, throughout the world; and + not to celebrate a different Easter, contrary to the Paschal + calculation and the decrees of all the bishops upon earth sitting + in synod. Likewise John,<a id="noteref_264" name="noteref_264" + href="#note_264"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">264</span></span></a> who + succeeded Severinus, successor to the same Honorius, being yet but + Pope elect, sent to them letters of great authority and erudition + for the purpose of correcting the same error; evidently showing, + that Easter Sunday is to be found between the fifteenth of the moon + and the twenty-first, as was approved in the Council of + Nicaea.<a id="noteref_265" name="noteref_265" href= + "#note_265"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">265</span></span></a> He + also in the same epistle admonished them to guard against the + Pelagian heresy,<a id="noteref_266" name="noteref_266" href= + "#note_266"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">266</span></span></a> and + reject it, for he had been informed that it was again springing up + among them. The beginning of the epistle was as follows:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To our most beloved and most holy Tomianus, + Columbanus, Cromanus, Dinnaus, and Baithanus, bishops; to</span> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page129">[pg 129]</span><a name= + "Pg129" id="Pg129" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style= + "font-style: italic">Cromanus, Ernianus, Laistranus, Scellanus, and + Segenus, priests; to Saranus and the rest of the Scottish doctors + and abbots, Hilarus, the arch-presbyter, and vice-gerent of the + holy Apostolic See; John, the deacon, and elect in the name of God; + likewise John, the chief of the notaries and vice-gerent of the + holy Apostolic See, and John, the servant of God, and counsellor of + the same Apostolic See.</span></span><a id="noteref_267" name= + "noteref_267" href="#note_267"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">267</span></span></a> The + writings which were brought by the bearers to Pope Severinus, of + holy memory, were left, when he departed from the light of this + world, without an answer to the questions contained in them. Lest + any obscurity should long remain undispelled in a matter of so + great moment, we opened the same, and found that some in your + province, endeavouring to revive a new heresy out of an old one, + contrary to the orthodox faith, do through the darkness of their + minds reject our Easter, when Christ was sacrificed; and contend + that the same should be kept with the Hebrews on the fourteenth of + the moon.”</span><a id="noteref_268" name="noteref_268" href= + "#note_268"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">268</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">By this + beginning of the epistle it evidently appears that this heresy + arose among them in very late times, and that not all their nation, + but only some of them, were involved in the same.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After having + laid down the manner of keeping Easter, they add this concerning + the Pelagians in the same epistle:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And we have also learnt that the poison of the + Pelagian heresy again springs up among you; we, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page130">[pg 130]</span><a name="Pg130" id="Pg130" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> therefore, exhort you, that you put + away from your thoughts all such venomous and superstitious + wickedness. For you cannot be ignorant how that execrable heresy + has been condemned; for it has not only been abolished these two + hundred years, but it is also daily condemned by us and buried + under our perpetual ban; and we exhort you not to rake up the ashes + of those whose weapons have been burnt. For who would not detest + that insolent and impious assertion, <span class="tei tei-q">‘That + man can live without sin of his own free will, and not through the + grace of God?’</span> And in the first place, it is blasphemous + folly to say that man is without sin, which none can be, but only + the one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus, Who was + conceived and born without sin; for all other men, being born in + original sin, are known to bear the mark of Adam's transgression, + even whilst they are without actual sin, according to the saying of + the prophet, <span class="tei tei-q">‘For behold, I was conceived + in iniquity; and in sin did my mother give birth to + me.’</span> ”</span><a id="noteref_269" name="noteref_269" href= + "#note_269"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">269</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc121" id="toc121"></a> <a name="pdf122" id="pdf122"></a> + <a name="Book_II_Chap_XX" id="Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XX. How Edwin being slain, + Paulinus returned into Kent, and had the bishopric of Rochester + conferred upon him. [633</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Edwin reigned + most gloriously seventeen years over the nations of the English and + the Britons, six whereof, as has been said, he also was a soldier + in the kingdom of Christ. Caedwalla,<a id="noteref_270" name= + "noteref_270" href="#note_270"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">270</span></span></a> king + of the Britons, rebelled against him, being supported by the + vigorous Penda, of the royal race of the Mercians, who from that + time governed that nation for twenty-two years with varying + success. <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page131">[pg + 131]</span><a name="Pg131" id="Pg131" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> A + great battle being fought in the plain that is called + Haethfelth,<a id="noteref_271" name="noteref_271" href= + "#note_271"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">271</span></span></a> Edwin + was killed on the 12th of October, in the year of our Lord 633, + being then forty-eight years of age, and all his army was either + slain or dispersed. In the same war also, Osfrid,<a id= + "noteref_272" name="noteref_272" href="#note_272"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">272</span></span></a> one + of his sons, a warlike youth, fell before him; Eadfrid,<a id= + "noteref_273" name="noteref_273" href="#note_273"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">273</span></span></a> + another of them, compelled by necessity, went over to King Penda, + and was by him afterwards slain in the reign of Oswald, contrary to + his oath. At this time a great slaughter was made in the Church and + nation of the Northumbrians; chiefly because one of the chiefs, by + whom it was carried on, was a pagan, and the other a barbarian, + more cruel than a pagan; for Penda, with all the nation of the + Mercians, was an idolater, and a stranger to the name of Christ; + but Caedwalla, though he professed and called himself a Christian, + was so barbarous in his disposition and manner of living, that he + did not even spare women and innocent children, but with bestial + cruelty put all alike to death by torture, and overran all their + country in his fury for a long time, intending to cut off all the + race of the English within the borders of Britain. Nor did he pay + any respect to the Christian religion which had sprung up among + them; it being to this day the custom of the Britons to despise the + faith and religion of the English, and to have no part with them in + anything any more than with pagans. King Edwin's head was brought + to York, and afterwards taken into the church of the blessed Peter + the Apostle, which he had begun, but which his successor Oswald + finished, as has been said before. It was laid in the chapel of the + holy Pope Gregory, from whose disciples he had received the word of + life.<a id="noteref_274" name="noteref_274" href= + "#note_274"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">274</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The affairs of + the Northumbrians being thrown into confusion at the moment of this + disaster, when there seemed to be no prospect of safety except in + flight, Paulinus, taking with him Queen Ethelberg, whom he had + before brought thither, returned into Kent by sea, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page132">[pg 132]</span><a name="Pg132" id="Pg132" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> and was very honourably received by the + Archbishop Honorius and King Eadbald. He came thither under the + conduct of Bassus, a most valiant thegn of King Edwin, having with + him Eanfled, the daughter, and Wuscfrea, the son of Edwin, as well + as Yffi, the son of Osfrid, Edwin's son.<a id="noteref_275" name= + "noteref_275" href="#note_275"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">275</span></span></a> + Afterwards Ethelberg, for fear of the kings Eadbald and + Oswald,<a id="noteref_276" name="noteref_276" href= + "#note_276"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">276</span></span></a> sent + Wuscfrea and Yffi over into Gaul to be bred up by King + Dagobert,<a id="noteref_277" name="noteref_277" href= + "#note_277"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">277</span></span></a> who + was her friend; and there they both died in infancy, and were + buried in the church with the honour due to royal children and to + Christ's innocents. He also brought with him many rich goods of + King Edwin, among which were a large gold cross, and a golden + chalice, consecrated to the service of the altar, which are still + preserved, and shown in the church of Canterbury.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time the + church of Rochester had no pastor, for Romanus,<a id="noteref_278" + name="noteref_278" href="#note_278"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">278</span></span></a> the + bishop thereof, being sent on a mission to Pope Honorius by + Archbishop Justus, was drowned in the Italian Sea; and thus + Paulinus, at the request of Archbishop Honorius and King Eadbald, + took upon him the charge of the same, and held it until he too, in + his own time, departed to heaven, with the fruits of his glorious + labours; and, dying in that Church, he left there the pall which he + had received from the Pope of Rome. He had left behind him in his + Church at York, James, the deacon,<a id="noteref_279" name= + "noteref_279" href="#note_279"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">279</span></span></a> a + true churchman and a holy man, who continuing long after in that + Church, by teaching and baptizing, rescued much prey from the + ancient enemy; and from him the village, where he chiefly dwelt, + near Cataract,<a id="noteref_280" name="noteref_280" href= + "#note_280"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">280</span></span></a> has + its name to this day. He had great skill in singing in church, and + when the province was afterwards restored to peace, and the number + of the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page133">[pg + 133]</span><a name="Pg133" id="Pg133" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + faithful increased, he began to teach church music to many, + according to the custom of the Romans, or of the Cantuarians.<a id= + "noteref_281" name="noteref_281" href="#note_281"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">281</span></span></a> And + being old and full of days, as the Scripture says, he went the way + of his fathers.</p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page134">[pg 134]</span><a name= + "Pg134" id="Pg134" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc123" id="toc123"></a> <a name="pdf124" id="pdf124"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Book III</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc125" id="toc125"></a> <a name="pdf126" id="pdf126"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_I" id="Book_III_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. I. How King Edwin's next + successors lost both the faith of their nation and the kingdom; but + the most Christian King Oswald retrieved both. [633</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Edwin being + slain in battle, the kingdom of the Deiri, to which province his + family belonged, and where he first began to reign, passed to + Osric, the son of his uncle Aelfric, who, through the preaching of + Paulinus, had also received the mysteries of the faith. But the + kingdom of the Bernicians—for into these two provinces the nation + of the Northumbrians was formerly divided<a id="noteref_282" name= + "noteref_282" href="#note_282"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">282</span></span></a>—passed + to Eanfrid, the son of Ethelfrid,<a id="noteref_283" name= + "noteref_283" href="#note_283"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">283</span></span></a> who + derived his origin from the royal family of that province. For all + the time that Edwin reigned, the sons of the aforesaid Ethelfrid, + who had reigned before him, with many of the younger nobility, + lived in banishment among the Scots or Picts, and were there + instructed according to the doctrine of the Scots, and were renewed + with the grace of Baptism. Upon the death of the king, their enemy, + they were allowed to return home, and the aforesaid Eanfrid, as the + eldest of them, became king of the Bernicians. Both those + kings,<a id="noteref_284" name="noteref_284" href= + "#note_284"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">284</span></span></a> as + soon as they obtained the government of their earthly kingdoms, + abjured and betrayed the mysteries of the heavenly kingdom to which + they had been admitted, and again delivered themselves up to + defilement and perdition through the abominations of their former + idolatry.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But soon after, + the king of the Britons, Caedwalla,<a id="noteref_285" name= + "noteref_285" href="#note_285"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">285</span></span></a> the + unrighteous instrument of rightful vengeance, slew them both. + First, in the following summer, he put Osric to death; for, being + rashly besieged by him in the municipal <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page135">[pg 135]</span><a name="Pg135" id="Pg135" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> town,<a id="noteref_286" name="noteref_286" + href="#note_286"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">286</span></span></a> he + sallied out on a sudden with all his forces, took him by surprise, + and destroyed him and all his army. Then, when he had occupied the + provinces of the Northumbrians for a whole year,<a id="noteref_287" + name="noteref_287" href="#note_287"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">287</span></span></a> not + ruling them like a victorious king, but ravaging them like a + furious tyrant, he at length put an end to Eanfrid, in like manner, + when he unadvisedly came to him with only twelve chosen soldiers, + to sue for peace. To this day, that year is looked upon as + ill-omened, and hateful to all good men; as well on account of the + apostacy of the English kings, who had renounced the mysteries of + the faith, as of the outrageous tyranny of the British king. Hence + it has been generally agreed, in reckoning the dates of the kings, + to abolish the memory of those faithless monarchs, and to assign + that year to the reign of the following king, Oswald, a man beloved + of God. This king, after the death of his brother Eanfrid,<a id= + "noteref_288" name="noteref_288" href="#note_288"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">288</span></span></a> + advanced with an army, small, indeed, in number, but strengthened + with the faith of Christ; and the impious commander of the Britons, + in spite of his vast forces, which he boasted nothing could + withstand, was slain at a place called in the English tongue + Denisesburna, that is, the brook of Denis.<a id="noteref_289" name= + "noteref_289" href="#note_289"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">289</span></span></a></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page136">[pg 136]</span><a name= + "Pg136" id="Pg136" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc127" id="toc127"></a> <a name="pdf128" id="pdf128"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. II. How, among innumerable + other miracles of healing wrought by the wood of the cross, which + King Oswald, being ready to engage against the barbarians, erected, + a certain man had his injured arm healed. [634</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The place is + shown to this day, and held in much veneration, where Oswald, being + about to engage in this battle, erected the symbol of the Holy + Cross, and knelt down and prayed to God that he would send help + from Heaven to his worshippers in their sore need. Then, we are + told, that the cross being made in haste, and the hole dug in which + it was to be set up, the king himself, in the ardour of his faith, + laid hold of it and held it upright with both his hands, till the + earth was heaped up by the soldiers and it was fixed. Thereupon, + uplifting his voice, he cried to his whole army, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Let us all kneel, and together beseech the true and + living God Almighty in His mercy to defend us from the proud and + cruel enemy; for He knows that we have undertaken a just war for + the safety of our nation.”</span> All did as he had commanded, and + accordingly advancing towards the enemy with the first dawn of day, + they obtained the victory, as their faith deserved. In the place + where they prayed very many miracles of healing are known to have + been wrought, as a token and memorial of the king's faith; for even + to this day, many are wont to cut off small splinters from the wood + of the holy cross, and put them into water, which they give to sick + men or cattle to drink, or they sprinkle them therewith, and these + are presently restored to health.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The place is + called in the English tongue Hefenfelth, or the Heavenly + Field,<a id="noteref_290" name="noteref_290" href= + "#note_290"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">290</span></span></a> which + name it undoubtedly received <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page137">[pg 137]</span><a name="Pg137" id="Pg137" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> of old as a presage of what was afterwards to + happen, denoting, that the heavenly trophy was to be erected, the + heavenly victory begun, and heavenly miracles shown forth to this + day. The place is near the wall in the north which the Romans + formerly drew across the whole of Britain from sea to sea, to + restrain the onslaught of the barbarous nations, as has been said + before. Hither also the brothers of the church of Hagustald,<a id= + "noteref_291" name="noteref_291" href="#note_291"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">291</span></span></a> which + is not far distant, long ago made it their custom to resort every + year, on the day before that on which King Oswald was afterwards + slain, to keep vigils there for the health of his soul, and having + sung many psalms of praise, to offer for him in the morning the + sacrifice of the Holy Oblation. And since that good custom has + spread, they have lately built a church there, which has attached + additional sanctity and honour in the eyes of all men to that + place;<a id="noteref_292" name="noteref_292" href= + "#note_292"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">292</span></span></a> and + this with good reason; for it appears that there was no symbol of + the Christian faith, no church, no altar erected throughout all the + nation of the Bernicians, before that new leader in war, prompted + by the zeal of his faith, set up this standard of the Cross as he + was going to give battle to his barbarous enemy.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor is it + foreign to our purpose to relate one of the many miracles that have + been wrought at this cross. One of the brothers of the same church + of Hagulstald, whose name is Bothelm, and who is still living, a + few years ago, walking carelessly on the ice at night, suddenly + fell and broke his arm; he was soon tormented with a most grievous + pain in the broken part, so that he could not lift his arm to his + mouth for the anguish. Hearing one morning that one of the brothers + designed to go up to the place of the holy cross, he desired him, + on his <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page138">[pg + 138]</span><a name="Pg138" id="Pg138" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + return, to bring him a piece of that sacred wood, saying, he + believed that with the mercy of God he might thereby be healed. The + brother did as he was desired; and returning in the evening, when + the brothers were sitting at table, gave him some of the old moss + which grew on the surface of the wood. As he sat at table, having + no place to bestow the gift which was brought him, he put it into + his bosom; and forgetting, when he went to bed, to put it away, + left it in his bosom. Awaking in the middle of the night, he felt + something cold lying by his side, and putting his hand upon it to + feel what it was, he found his arm and hand as sound as if he had + never felt any such pain.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc129" id="toc129"></a> <a name="pdf130" id="pdf130"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_III" id="Book_III_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. III. How the same king Oswald, + asking a bishop of the Scottish nation, had Aidan sent him, and + granted him an episcopal see in the Isle of Lindisfarne. + [635</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same Oswald, + as soon as he ascended the throne, being desirous that all the + nation under his rule should be endued with the grace of the + Christian faith, whereof he had found happy experience in + vanquishing the barbarians, sent to the elders of the Scots,<a id= + "noteref_293" name="noteref_293" href="#note_293"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">293</span></span></a> among + whom himself and his followers, when in banishment, had received + the sacrament of Baptism, desiring that they would send him a + bishop, by whose instruction and ministry the English nation, which + he governed, might learn the privileges and receive the Sacraments + of the faith of our Lord. Nor were they slow in granting his + request; for they sent him Bishop Aidan, a man of singular + gentleness, piety, and moderation; having a zeal of God, but not + fully according to knowledge; for he was wont to keep Easter Sunday + according to the custom of his country, which we have before so + often mentioned,<a id="noteref_294" name="noteref_294" href= + "#note_294"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">294</span></span></a> from + the fourteenth to the twentieth of the moon; the northern province + of the Scots, and all the nation of the Picts, at <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page139">[pg 139]</span><a name="Pg139" id="Pg139" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> that time still celebrating Easter + after that manner, and believing that in this observance they + followed the writings of the holy and praiseworthy Father + Anatolius.<a id="noteref_295" name="noteref_295" href= + "#note_295"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">295</span></span></a> + Whether this be true, every instructed person can easily judge. But + the Scots which dwelt in the South of Ireland had long since, by + the admonition of the Bishop of the Apostolic see, learned to + observe Easter according to the canonical custom.<a id= + "noteref_296" name="noteref_296" href="#note_296"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">296</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the arrival + of the bishop, the king appointed him his episcopal see in the + island of Lindisfarne,<a id="noteref_297" name="noteref_297" href= + "#note_297"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">297</span></span></a> as he + desired. Which place, as the tide ebbs and flows, is twice a day + enclosed by the waves of the sea like an island; and again, twice, + when the beach is left dry, becomes contiguous with the land. The + king also humbly and willingly in all things giving ear to his + admonitions, industriously applied himself to build up and extend + the Church of Christ in his kingdom; wherein, when the bishop, who + was not perfectly skilled in the English tongue, preached the + Gospel, it was a fair sight to see the king himself interpreting + the Word of God to his ealdormen and thegns, for he had thoroughly + learned the language of the Scots during his long banishment. From + that time many came daily into Britain from the country of the + Scots, and with great devotion preached the Word to those provinces + of the English, over which King Oswald reigned, and those among + them that had received <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page140">[pg + 140]</span><a name="Pg140" id="Pg140" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + priest's orders,<a id="noteref_298" name="noteref_298" href= + "#note_298"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">298</span></span></a> + administered the grace of Baptism to the believers. Churches were + built in divers places; the people joyfully flocked together to + hear the Word; lands and other property were given of the king's + bounty to found monasteries; English children, as well as their + elders, were instructed by their Scottish teachers in study and the + observance of monastic discipline. For most of those who came to + preach were monks. Bishop Aidan was himself a monk, having been + sent out from the island called Hii,<a id="noteref_299" name= + "noteref_299" href="#note_299"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">299</span></span></a> + whereof the monastery was for a long time the chief of almost all + those of the northern Scots,<a id="noteref_300" name="noteref_300" + href="#note_300"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">300</span></span></a> and + all those of the Picts, and had the direction of their people. That + island belongs to Britain, being divided from it by a small arm of + the sea, but had been long since given by the Picts, who inhabit + those parts of Britain, to the Scottish monks, because they had + received the faith of Christ through their preaching.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc131" id="toc131"></a> <a name="pdf132" id="pdf132"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_IV" id="Book_III_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IV. When the nation of the + Picts received the faith of Christ. [565</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 565, when Justin, the younger, the successor of Justinian, + obtained the government of the Roman empire, there came into + Britain from Ireland a famous priest and abbot, marked as a monk by + habit and manner of life, whose name was Columba,<a id= + "noteref_301" name="noteref_301" href="#note_301"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">301</span></span></a> to + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page141">[pg 141]</span><a name= + "Pg141" id="Pg141" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> preach the word of + God to the provinces of the northern Picts, who are separated from + the southern parts belonging to that nation by steep and rugged + mountains. For the southern Picts, who dwell on this side of those + mountains, had, it is said, long before forsaken the errors of + idolatry, and received the true faith by the preaching of Bishop + Ninias,<a id="noteref_302" name="noteref_302" href= + "#note_302"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">302</span></span></a> a + most reverend and holy man of the British nation, who had been + regularly instructed at Rome in the faith and mysteries of the + truth; whose episcopal see, named after St. Martin the bishop, and + famous for a church dedicated to him (wherein Ninias himself and + many other saints rest in the body), is now in the possession of + the English nation. The place belongs to the province of the + Bernicians, and is commonly called the White House,<a id= + "noteref_303" name="noteref_303" href="#note_303"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">303</span></span></a> + because he there <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page142">[pg + 142]</span><a name="Pg142" id="Pg142" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + built a church of stone, which was not usual among the Britons.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Columba came + into Britain in the ninth year of the reign of Bridius, who was the + son of Meilochon,<a id="noteref_304" name="noteref_304" href= + "#note_304"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">304</span></span></a> and + the powerful king of the Pictish nation, and he converted that + nation to the faith of Christ, by his preaching and example. + Wherefore he also received of them the gift of the aforesaid island + whereon to found a monastery. It is not a large island, but + contains about five families, according to the English computation; + his successors hold it to this day; he was also buried therein, + having died at the age of seventy-seven, about thirty-two years + after he came into Britain to preach.<a id="noteref_305" name= + "noteref_305" href="#note_305"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">305</span></span></a> + Before he crossed over into Britain, he had built a famous + monastery in Ireland, which, from the great number of oaks, is in + the Scottish tongue called Dearmach—The Field of Oaks.<a id= + "noteref_306" name="noteref_306" href="#note_306"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">306</span></span></a> From + both these monasteries, many others had their beginning through his + disciples, both in Britain and Ireland; but the island monastery + where his body lies, has the pre-eminence among them all.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">That island has + for its ruler an abbot, who is a priest, to whose jurisdiction all + the province, and even the bishops, contrary to the usual method, + are bound to be subject, according to the example of their first + teacher, who was not a bishop, but a priest and monk;<a id= + "noteref_307" name="noteref_307" href="#note_307"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">307</span></span></a> of + whose <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page143">[pg 143]</span><a name= + "Pg143" id="Pg143" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> life and discourses + some records are said to be preserved by his disciples. But + whatsoever he was himself, this we know for certain concerning him, + that he left successors renowned for their continence, their love + of God, and observance of monastic rules. It is true they employed + doubtful cycles in fixing the time of the great festival, as having + none to bring them the synodal decrees for the observance of + Easter, by reason of their being so far away from the rest of the + world; but they earnestly practised such works of piety and + chastity as they could learn from the Prophets, the Gospels and the + Apostolic writings. This manner of keeping Easter continued among + them no little time, to wit, for the space of 150 years, till the + year of our Lord 715.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But then the + most reverend and holy father and priest, Egbert,<a id= + "noteref_308" name="noteref_308" href="#note_308"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">308</span></span></a> of + the English nation, who had long lived in banishment in Ireland for + the sake of Christ, and was most learned in the Scriptures, and + renowned for long perfection of life, came among them, corrected + their error, and led them to observe the true and canonical day of + Easter; which, nevertheless, they did not always keep on the + fourteenth of the moon with the Jews, as some imagined, but on + Sunday, although not in the proper week.<a id="noteref_309" name= + "noteref_309" href="#note_309"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">309</span></span></a> For, + as Christians, they knew that the Resurrection of our Lord, which + happened on the first day of the week, was always to be celebrated + on the first day of the week; but being rude and barbarous, they + had not learned when that same first day after the Sabbath, which + is now called the Lord's day, should come. But because they had not + failed in the grace of fervent charity, they were accounted worthy + to receive the full <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page144">[pg + 144]</span><a name="Pg144" id="Pg144" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + knowledge of this matter also, according to the promise of the + Apostle, <span class="tei tei-q">“And if in any thing ye be + otherwise minded, God shall reveal even this unto + you.”</span><a id="noteref_310" name="noteref_310" href= + "#note_310"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">310</span></span></a> Of + which we shall speak more fully hereafter in its proper place.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc133" id="toc133"></a> <a name="pdf134" id="pdf134"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. V. Of the life of Bishop Aidan. + [635</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">From this + island, then, and the fraternity of these monks, Aidan was sent to + instruct the English nation in Christ, having received the dignity + of a bishop. At that time Segeni,<a id="noteref_311" name= + "noteref_311" href="#note_311"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">311</span></span></a> abbot + and priest, presided over that monastery. Among other lessons in + holy living, Aidan left the clergy a most salutary example of + abstinence and continence; it was the highest commendation of his + doctrine with all men, that he taught nothing that he did not + practise in his life among his brethren; for he neither sought nor + loved anything of this world, but delighted in distributing + immediately among the poor whom he met whatsoever was given him by + the kings or rich men of the world. He was wont to traverse both + town and country on foot, never on horseback, unless compelled by + some urgent necessity; to the end that, as he went, he might turn + aside to any whomsoever he saw, whether rich or poor, and call upon + them, if infidels, to receive the mystery of the faith, or, if they + were believers, strengthen them in the faith, and stir them up by + words and actions to giving of alms and the performance of good + works.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">His course of + life was so different from the slothfulness of our times, that all + those who bore him company, whether they were tonsured or laymen, + had to study either reading the Scriptures, or learning psalms. + This was the daily employment of himself and all that were with + him, wheresoever they went; and if it happened, which was but + seldom, that he was invited to the king's <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page145">[pg 145]</span><a name="Pg145" id="Pg145" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> table, he went with one or two clerks, and + having taken a little food, made haste to be gone, either to read + with his brethren or to pray. At that time, many religious men and + women, led by his example, adopted the custom of prolonging their + fast on Wednesdays and Fridays, till the ninth hour, throughout the + year, except during the fifty days after Easter. Never, through + fear or respect of persons, did he keep silence with regard to the + sins of the rich; but was wont to correct them with a severe + rebuke. He never gave money to the powerful men of the world, but + only food, if he happened to entertain them; and, on the contrary, + whatsoever gifts of money he received from the rich, he either + distributed, as has been said, for the use of the poor, or bestowed + in ransoming such as had been wrongfully sold for slaves. Moreover, + he afterwards made many of those he had ransomed his disciples, and + after having taught and instructed them, advanced them to priest's + orders.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is said, that + when King Oswald had asked a bishop of the Scots to administer the + Word of faith to him and his nation, there was first sent to him + another man of more harsh disposition,<a id="noteref_312" name= + "noteref_312" href="#note_312"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">312</span></span></a> who, + after preaching for some time to the English and meeting with no + success, not being gladly heard by the people, returned home, and + in an assembly of the elders reported, that he had not been able to + do any good by his teaching to the nation to whom he had been sent, + because they were intractable men, and of a stubborn and barbarous + disposition. They then, it is said, held a council and seriously + debated what was to be done, being desirous that the nation should + obtain the salvation it demanded, but grieving that they had not + received the preacher sent to them. Then said Aidan, who was also + present in the council, to the priest in question, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Methinks, brother, that you were more severe to your + unlearned hearers than you ought to have been, and did not at + first, conformably to the Apostolic rule, give them the milk of + more easy doctrine, till, being by degrees nourished with the Word + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page146">[pg 146]</span><a name= + "Pg146" id="Pg146" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> of God, they should + be capable of receiving that which is more perfect and of + performing the higher precepts of God.”</span> Having heard these + words, all present turned their attention to him and began + diligently to weigh what he had said, and they decided that he was + worthy to be made a bishop, and that he was the man who ought to be + sent to instruct the unbelieving and unlearned; since he was found + to be endued preeminently with the grace of discretion, which is + the mother of the virtues. So they ordained him and sent him forth + to preach; and, as time went on, his other virtues became apparent, + as well as that temperate discretion which had marked him at + first.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc135" id="toc135"></a> <a name="pdf136" id="pdf136"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_VI" id="Book_III_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VI. Of King Oswald's wonderful + piety and religion. [635-642</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Oswald, + with the English nation which he governed, being instructed by the + teaching of this bishop, not only learned to hope for a heavenly + kingdom unknown to his fathers, but also obtained of the one God, + Who made heaven and earth, a greater earthly kingdom than any of + his ancestors. In brief, he brought under his dominion all the + nations and provinces of Britain, which are divided into four + languages, to wit, those of the Britons, the Picts, the Scots, and + the English.<a id="noteref_313" name="noteref_313" href= + "#note_313"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">313</span></span></a> + Though raised to that height of regal power, wonderful to relate, + he was always humble, kind, and generous to the poor and to + strangers.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To give one + instance, it is told, that when he was once sitting at dinner, on + the holy day of Easter, with the aforesaid bishop, and a silver + dish full of royal dainties was set before him, and they were just + about to put forth their hands to bless the bread, the servant, + whom he had appointed to relieve the needy, came in on a sudden, + and told the king, that a great multitude of poor folk from all + parts was sitting in the streets begging alms of <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page147">[pg 147]</span><a name="Pg147" id="Pg147" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the king; he immediately ordered the + meat set before him to be carried to the poor, and the dish to be + broken in pieces and divided among them. At which sight, the bishop + who sat by him, greatly rejoicing at such an act of piety, clasped + his right hand and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“May this hand + never decay.”</span> This fell out according to his prayer, for his + hands with the arms being cut off from his body, when he was slain + in battle, remain uncorrupted to this day, and are kept in a silver + shrine, as revered relics, in St. Peter's church in the royal + city,<a id="noteref_314" name="noteref_314" href= + "#note_314"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">314</span></span></a> which + has taken its name from Bebba, one of its former queens. Through + this king's exertions the provinces of the Deiri and the + Bernicians, which till then had been at variance, were peacefully + united and moulded into one people. He was nephew to King Edwin + through his sister Acha; and it was fit that so great a predecessor + should have in his own family such an one to succeed him in his + religion and sovereignty.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc137" id="toc137"></a> <a name="pdf138" id="pdf138"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_VII" id="Book_III_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VII. How the West Saxons + received the Word of God by the preaching of Birinus; and of his + successors, Agilbert and Leutherius. [635-670</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time, + the West Saxons, formerly called Gewissae,<a id="noteref_315" name= + "noteref_315" href="#note_315"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">315</span></span></a> in + the reign of Cynegils,<a id="noteref_316" name="noteref_316" href= + "#note_316"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">316</span></span></a> + received the faith of Christ, through the preaching of Bishop + Birinus,<a id="noteref_317" name="noteref_317" href= + "#note_317"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">317</span></span></a> who + came into Britain by the counsel of Pope Honorius;<a id= + "noteref_318" name="noteref_318" href="#note_318"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">318</span></span></a> + having promised in his presence that he would sow the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page148">[pg 148]</span><a name="Pg148" id="Pg148" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> seed of the holy faith in the farthest + inland regions of the English, where no other teacher had been + before him. Hereupon at the bidding of the Pope he received + episcopal consecration from Asterius, bishop of Genoa;<a id= + "noteref_319" name="noteref_319" href="#note_319"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">319</span></span></a> but + on his arrival in Britain, he first came to the nation of the + Gewissae, and finding all in that place confirmed pagans, he + thought it better to preach the Word there, than to proceed further + to seek for other hearers of his preaching.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, as he was + spreading the Gospel in the aforesaid province, it happened that + when the king himself, having received instruction as a catechumen, + was being baptized together with his people, Oswald, the most holy + and victorious king of the Northumbrians, being present, received + him as he came forth from baptism, and by an honourable alliance + most acceptable to God, first adopted as his son, thus born again + and dedicated to God, the man whose daughter<a id="noteref_320" + name="noteref_320" href="#note_320"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">320</span></span></a> he + was about to receive in marriage. The two kings gave to the bishop + the city called Dorcic,<a id="noteref_321" name="noteref_321" href= + "#note_321"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">321</span></span></a> there + to establish his episcopal see; where having built and consecrated + churches, and by his pious labours called many to the Lord, he + departed to the Lord, and was buried in the same city; but many + years after, when Haedde was bishop,<a id="noteref_322" name= + "noteref_322" href="#note_322"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">322</span></span></a> he + was translated <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page149">[pg + 149]</span><a name="Pg149" id="Pg149" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + thence to the city of Venta,<a id="noteref_323" name="noteref_323" + href="#note_323"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">323</span></span></a> and + laid in the church of the blessed Apostles, Peter and Paul.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the king + died, his son Coinwalch<a id="noteref_324" name="noteref_324" href= + "#note_324"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">324</span></span></a> + succeeded him on the throne, but refused to receive the faith and + the mysteries of the heavenly kingdom; and not long after he lost + also the dominion of his earthly kingdom; for he put away the + sister of Penda, king of the Mercians, whom he had married, and + took another wife; whereupon a war ensuing, he was by him deprived + of his kingdom, and withdrew to Anna, king of the East Angles, + where he lived three years in banishment, and learned and received + the true faith; for the king, with whom he lived in his banishment, + was a good man, and happy in a good and saintly offspring, as we + shall show hereafter.<a id="noteref_325" name="noteref_325" href= + "#note_325"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">325</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But when + Coinwalch was restored to his kingdom, there came into that + province out of Ireland, a certain bishop called Agilbert,<a id= + "noteref_326" name="noteref_326" href="#note_326"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">326</span></span></a> a + native of Gaul, but who had then lived a long time in Ireland, for + the purpose of reading the Scriptures. He attached himself to the + king, and voluntarily undertook the ministry of preaching. The + king, observing his learning and industry, desired him to accept an + episcopal see there and remain as the bishop of his people. + Agilbert complied with the request, and <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page150">[pg 150]</span><a name="Pg150" id="Pg150" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> presided over that nation as their bishop for + many years. At length the king, who understood only the language of + the Saxons, weary of his barbarous tongue, privately brought into + the province another bishop, speaking his own language, by name + Wini,<a id="noteref_327" name="noteref_327" href= + "#note_327"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">327</span></span></a> who + had also been ordained in Gaul; and dividing his province into two + dioceses, appointed this last his episcopal see in the city of + Venta, by the Saxons called Wintancaestir.<a id="noteref_328" name= + "noteref_328" href="#note_328"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">328</span></span></a> + Agilbert, being highly offended, that the king should do this + without consulting him, returned into Gaul, and being made bishop + of the city of Paris, died there, being old and full of days. Not + many years after his departure out of Britain, Wini was also + expelled from his bishopric by the same king, and took refuge with + Wulfhere, king of the Mercians, of whom he purchased for money the + see of the city of London,<a id="noteref_329" name="noteref_329" + href="#note_329"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">329</span></span></a> and + remained bishop thereof till his death. Thus the province of the + West Saxons continued no small time without a bishop.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">During which + time, the aforesaid king of that nation, sustaining repeatedly very + great losses in his kingdom from his enemies, at length bethought + himself, that as he had been before expelled from the throne for + his unbelief, he had been restored when he acknowledged the faith + of Christ; and he perceived that his kingdom, being deprived of a + bishop, was justly deprived also of the Divine protection. He, + therefore, sent messengers into Gaul to Agilbert, with humble + apologies entreating him to return to the bishopric of his nation. + But he excused himself, and protested that he could not go, because + he was bound to the bishopric of his own city and diocese; + notwithstanding, in order to give him some help in answer to his + earnest request, he sent thither in his stead the priest + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page151">[pg 151]</span><a name= + "Pg151" id="Pg151" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Leutherius,<a id= + "noteref_330" name="noteref_330" href="#note_330"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">330</span></span></a> his + nephew, to be ordained as his bishop, if he thought fit, saying + that he thought him worthy of a bishopric. The king and the people + received him honourably, and asked Theodore, then Archbishop of + Canterbury, to consecrate him as their bishop. He was accordingly + consecrated in the same city, and many years diligently governed + the whole bishopric of the West Saxons by synodical authority.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc139" id="toc139"></a> <a name="pdf140" id="pdf140"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_VIII" id="Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VIII. How Earconbert, King of + Kent, ordered the idols to be destroyed; and of his daughter + Earcongota, and his kinswoman Ethelberg, virgins consecrated to + God. [640</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 640, Eadbald,<a id="noteref_331" name="noteref_331" href= + "#note_331"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">331</span></span></a> king + of Kent, departed this life, and left his kingdom to his son + Earconbert, who governed it most nobly twenty-four years and some + months. He was the first of the English kings that of his supreme + authority commanded the idols throughout his whole kingdom to be + forsaken and destroyed, and the fast of forty days to be observed; + and that the same might not be lightly neglected, he appointed + fitting and condign punishments for the offenders. His daughter + Earcongota, as became the offspring of such a parent, was a most + virtuous virgin, serving God in a monastery in the country of the + Franks, built by a most noble abbess, named Fara, at a place called + In Brige;<a id="noteref_332" name="noteref_332" href= + "#note_332"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">332</span></span></a> for + at that time but few monasteries had been built in the country of + the Angles, and many were wont, for the sake of monastic life, to + repair to the monasteries of the Franks or Gauls; and they also + sent <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page152">[pg 152]</span><a name= + "Pg152" id="Pg152" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> their daughters + there to be instructed, and united to their Heavenly Bridegroom, + especially in the monasteries of Brige, of Cale,<a id="noteref_333" + name="noteref_333" href="#note_333"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">333</span></span></a> and + Andilegum.<a id="noteref_334" name="noteref_334" href= + "#note_334"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">334</span></span></a> Among + whom was also Saethryth,<a id="noteref_335" name="noteref_335" + href="#note_335"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">335</span></span></a> + daughter of the wife of Anna, king of the East Angles, above + mentioned; and Ethelberg,<a id="noteref_336" name="noteref_336" + href="#note_336"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">336</span></span></a> the + king's own daughter; both of whom, though strangers, were for their + virtue made abbesses of the monastery of Brige. Sexburg,<a id= + "noteref_337" name="noteref_337" href="#note_337"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">337</span></span></a> that + king's elder daughter, wife to Earconbert, king of Kent, had a + daughter called Earcongota,<a id="noteref_338" name="noteref_338" + href="#note_338"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">338</span></span></a> of + whom we are about to speak.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Many wonderful + works and miracles of this virgin, dedicated to God, are to this + day related by the inhabitants of that place; but for us it shall + suffice to say something briefly of her departure out of this world + to the heavenly kingdom. The day of her summoning drawing near, she + began to visit in the monastery the cells of the infirm handmaidens + of Christ, and particularly those that were of a great age, or most + noted for their virtuous life, and humbly commending herself to + their prayers, she let them know that her death was at hand, as she + had learnt by revelation, which she said she had received in this + manner. She had seen a band of men, clothed in white, come into the + monastery, and being asked by her what they wanted, and what they + did there, they answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“They had been + sent thither to carry away with them the gold coin that had been + brought thither from Kent.”</span> Towards the close of that same + night, as morning began to dawn, leaving the darkness of this + world, she departed to the light of heaven. Many of the brethren of + that monastery who were in other houses, declared they had then + plainly heard choirs of singing angels, and, as it were, the sound + of a multitude entering the monastery. Whereupon going out + immediately to see what it might be, they beheld a great light + coming down from heaven, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page153">[pg + 153]</span><a name="Pg153" id="Pg153" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + which bore that holy soul, set loose from the bonds of the flesh, + to the eternal joys of the celestial country. They also tell of + other miracles that were wrought that night in the same monastery + by the power of God; but as we must proceed to other matters, we + leave them to be related by those whose concern they are. The body + of this venerable virgin and bride of Christ was buried in the + church of the blessed protomartyr, Stephen. It was thought fit, + three days after, to take up the stone that covered the tomb, and + to raise it higher in the same place, and whilst they were doing + this, so sweet a fragrance rose from below, that it seemed to all + the brethren and sisters there present, as if a store of balsam had + been opened.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Her aunt also, + Ethelberg, of whom we have spoken, preserved the glory, acceptable + to God, of perpetual virginity, in a life of great self-denial, but + the extent of her virtue became more conspicuous after her death. + Whilst she was abbess, she began to build in her monastery a + church, in honour of all the Apostles, wherein she desired that her + body should be buried; but when that work was advanced half way, + she was prevented by death from finishing it, and was buried in the + place in the church which she had chosen. After her death, the + brothers occupied themselves with other things, and this structure + was left untouched for seven years, at the expiration whereof they + resolved, by reason of the greatness of the work, wholly to abandon + the building of the church, and to remove the abbess's bones thence + to some other church that was finished and consecrated. On opening + her tomb, they found the body as untouched by decay as it had been + free from the corruption of carnal concupiscence, and having washed + it again and clothed it in other garments, they removed it to the + church of the blessed Stephen, the Martyr. And her festival is wont + to be celebrated there with much honour on the 7th of July.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page154">[pg 154]</span><a name= + "Pg154" id="Pg154" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc141" id="toc141"></a> <a name="pdf142" id="pdf142"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_IX" id="Book_III_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IX. How miracles of healing + have been frequently wrought in the place where King Oswald was + killed; and how, first, a traveller's horse was restored and + afterwards a young girl cured of the palsy. [642</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Oswald, the most + Christian king of the Northumbrians, reigned nine years, including + that year which was held accursed for the barbarous cruelty of the + king of the Britons and the reckless apostacy of the English kings; + for, as was said above,<a id="noteref_339" name="noteref_339" href= + "#note_339"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">339</span></span></a> it is + agreed by the unanimous consent of all, that the names and memory + of the apostates should be erased from the catalogue of the + Christian kings, and no year assigned to their reign. After which + period, Oswald was killed in a great battle, by the same pagan + nation and pagan king of the Mercians, who had slain his + predecessor Edwin, at a place called in the English tongue + Maserfelth,<a id="noteref_340" name="noteref_340" href= + "#note_340"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">340</span></span></a> in + the thirty-eighth year of his age, on the fifth day of the month of + August.<a id="noteref_341" name="noteref_341" href= + "#note_341"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">341</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">How great his + faith was towards God, and how remarkable his devotion, has been + made evident by miracles even after his death; for, in the place + where he was killed by the pagans, fighting for his country, sick + men and cattle are frequently healed to this day. Whence it came to + pass that many took up the very dust of the place where his body + fell, and putting it into water, brought much relief with it to + their friends who were sick. This custom came so much into use, + that the earth being carried away by degrees, a hole was made as + deep as the height of a man. Nor is it surprising that the sick + should be healed in the place where he died; for, whilst he lived, + he never ceased to provide for the poor and the sick, and to bestow + alms on them, and assist them. <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page155">[pg 155]</span><a name="Pg155" id="Pg155" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Many miracles are said to have been wrought + in that place, or with the dust carried from it; but we have + thought it sufficient to mention two, which we have heard from our + elders.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It happened, not + long after his death, that a man was travelling on horseback near + that place, when his horse on a sudden fell sick, stood still, hung + his head, and foamed at the mouth, and, at length, as his pain + increased, he fell to the ground; the rider dismounted, and taking + off his saddle,<a id="noteref_342" name="noteref_342" href= + "#note_342"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">342</span></span></a> + waited to see whether the beast would recover or die. At length, + after writhing for a long time in extreme anguish, the horse + happened in his struggles to come to the very place where the great + king died. Immediately the pain abated, the beast ceased from his + frantic kicking, and, after the manner of horses, as if resting + from his weariness, he rolled from side to side, and then starting + up, perfectly recovered, began to graze hungrily on the green + herbage. The rider observing this, and being an intelligent man, + concluded that there must be some wonderful sanctity in the place + where the horse had been healed, and he marked the spot. After + which he again mounted his horse, and went on to the inn where he + intended to stop. On his arrival he found a girl, niece to the + landlord, who had long been sick of the palsy; and when the members + of the household, in his presence, lamented the girl's grievous + calamity, he gave them an account of the place where his horse had + been cured. In brief, she was put into a wagon and carried to the + place and laid down there. At first she slept awhile, and when she + awoke, found herself healed of her infirmity. Upon which she called + for water, washed her face, arranged her hair, put a kerchief on + her head, and returned home on foot, in good health, with those who + had brought her.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page156">[pg 156]</span><a name= + "Pg156" id="Pg156" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc143" id="toc143"></a> <a name="pdf144" id="pdf144"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. X. How the dust of that place + prevailed against fire. [After 642</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">About the same + time, another traveller, a Briton, as is reported, happened to pass + by the same place, where the aforesaid battle was fought. Observing + one particular spot of ground greener and more beautiful than any + other part of the field, he had the wisdom to infer that the cause + of the unusual greenness in that place must be that some person of + greater holiness than any other in the army had been killed there. + He therefore took along with him some of the dust of that piece of + ground, tying it up in a linen cloth, supposing, as was indeed the + case, that it would be of use for curing sick people, and + proceeding on his journey, came in the evening to a certain + village, and entered a house where the villagers were feasting at + supper. Being received by the owners of the house, he sat down with + them at the entertainment, hanging the cloth, with the dust which + he had carried in it, on a post in the wall. They sat long at + supper and drank deep. Now there was a great fire in the middle of + the room, and it happened that the sparks flew up and caught the + roof of the house, which being made of wattles and thatch, was + suddenly wrapped in flames; the guests ran out in panic and + confusion, but they were not able to save the burning house, which + was rapidly being destroyed. Wherefore the house was burnt down, + and only that post on which the dust hung in the linen cloth + remained safe and untouched by the fire. When they beheld this + miracle, they were all amazed, and inquiring into it diligently, + learned that the dust had been taken from the place where the blood + of King Oswald had been shed. These wonderful works being made + known and reported abroad, many began daily to resort to that + place, and received the blessing of health for themselves and their + friends.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page157">[pg 157]</span><a name= + "Pg157" id="Pg157" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc145" id="toc145"></a> <a name="pdf146" id="pdf146"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XI" id="Book_III_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XI. How a light from Heaven + stood all night over his relics, and how those possessed with + devils were healed by them. [679-697</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Among the rest, + I think we ought not to pass over in silence the miracles and signs + from Heaven that were shown when King Oswald's bones were found, + and translated into the church where they are now preserved. This + was done by the zealous care of Osthryth, queen of the + Mercians,<a id="noteref_343" name="noteref_343" href= + "#note_343"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">343</span></span></a> the + daughter of his brother Oswy, who reigned after him, as shall be + said hereafter.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There is a + famous monastery in the province of Lindsey, called + Beardaneu,<a id="noteref_344" name="noteref_344" href= + "#note_344"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">344</span></span></a> which + that queen and her husband Ethelred greatly loved and venerated, + conferring upon it many honours. It was here that she was desirous + to lay the revered bones of her uncle. When the wagon in which + those bones were carried arrived towards evening at the aforesaid + monastery, they that were in it were unwilling to admit them, + because, though they knew him to be a holy man, yet, as he was a + native of another province, and had obtained the sovereignty over + them, they retained their ancient aversion to him even after his + death. Thus it came to pass that the relics were left in the open + air all that night, with only a large tent spread over the wagon + which contained them. But it was revealed by a sign from Heaven + with how much reverence they ought to be received by all the + faithful; for all that night, a pillar of light, reaching from the + wagon up to heaven, was visible in almost every part of the + province of Lindsey. Hereupon, in the morning, the brethren of that + monastery who had refused it the day before, began themselves + earnestly to pray that those holy relics, beloved of God, might be + laid among them. Accordingly, the bones, being washed, were put + into a shrine which they had made for that purpose, and placed + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page158">[pg 158]</span><a name= + "Pg158" id="Pg158" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> in the church, with + due honour; and that there might be a perpetual memorial of the + royal character of this holy man, they hung up over the monument + his banner of gold and purple. Then they poured out the water in + which they had washed the bones, in a corner of the cemetery.<a id= + "noteref_345" name="noteref_345" href="#note_345"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">345</span></span></a> From + that time, the very earth which received that holy water, had the + power of saving grace in casting out devils from the bodies of + persons possessed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Lastly, when the + aforesaid queen afterwards abode some time in that monastery, there + came to visit her a certain venerable abbess, who is still living, + called Ethelhild, the sister of the holy men, Ethelwin<a id= + "noteref_346" name="noteref_346" href="#note_346"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">346</span></span></a> and + Aldwin, the first of whom was bishop in the province of Lindsey, + the other abbot of the monastery of Peartaneu;<a id="noteref_347" + name="noteref_347" href="#note_347"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">347</span></span></a> not + far from which was the monastery of Ethelhild. When this lady was + come, in a conversation between her and the queen, the discourse, + among other things, turning upon Oswald, she said, that she also + had that night seen the light over his relics reaching up to + heaven. The queen thereupon added, that the very dust of the + pavement on which the water that washed the bones had been poured + out, had already healed many sick persons. The abbess thereupon + desired that some of that health-bringing dust might be given her, + and, receiving it, she tied it up in a cloth, and, putting it into + a casket, returned home. Some time after, when she was in her + monastery, there came to it a guest, who was wont often in the + night to be on a sudden grievously tormented with an unclean + spirit; he being hospitably entertained, when he had gone to bed + after supper, was suddenly seized by the Devil, and began to cry + out, to gnash his teeth, to foam at the mouth, and to writhe and + distort his limbs. None being able to hold or bind him, the servant + ran, and knocking at the door, told <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page159">[pg 159]</span><a name="Pg159" id="Pg159" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> the abbess. She, opening the monastery door, + went out herself with one of the nuns to the men's apartment, and + calling a priest, desired that he would go with her to the + sufferer. Being come thither, and seeing many present, who had not + been able, by their efforts, to hold the tormented person and + restrain his convulsive movements, the priest used exorcisms, and + did all that he could to assuage the madness of the unfortunate + man, but, though he took much pains, he could not prevail. When no + hope appeared of easing him in his ravings, the abbess bethought + herself of the dust, and immediately bade her handmaiden go and + fetch her the casket in which it was. As soon as she came with it, + as she had been bidden, and was entering the hall of the house, in + the inner part whereof the possessed person was writhing in + torment, he suddenly became silent, and laid down his head, as if + he had been falling asleep, stretching out all his limbs to rest. + <span class="tei tei-q">“Silence fell upon all and intent they + gazed,”</span><a id="noteref_348" name="noteref_348" href= + "#note_348"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">348</span></span></a> + anxiously waiting to see the end of the matter. And after about the + space of an hour the man that had been tormented sat up, and + fetching a deep sigh, said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Now I am + whole, for I am restored to my senses.”</span> They earnestly + inquired how that came to pass, and he answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“As soon as that maiden drew near the hall of this + house, with the casket she brought, all the evil spirits that vexed + me departed and left me, and were no more to be seen.”</span> Then + the abbess gave him a little of that dust, and the priest having + prayed, he passed that night in great peace; nor was he, from that + time forward, alarmed by night, or in any way troubled by his old + enemy.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc147" id="toc147"></a> <a name="pdf148" id="pdf148"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XII" id="Book_III_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XII. How a little boy was cured + of a fever at his tomb.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Some time after, + there was a certain little boy in the said monastery, who had been + long grievously troubled with <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page160">[pg 160]</span><a name="Pg160" id="Pg160" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> a fever; he was one day anxiously expecting + the hour when his fit was to come on, when one of the brothers, + coming in to him, said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Shall I tell you, + my son, how you may be cured of this sickness? Rise, enter the + church, and go close to Oswald's tomb; sit down and stay there + quiet and do not leave it; do not come away, or stir from the + place, till the time is past, when the fever leaves you: then I + will go in and fetch you away.”</span> The boy did as he was + advised, and the disease durst not assail him as he sat by the + saint's tomb; but fled in such fear that it did not dare to touch + him, either the second or third day, or ever after. The brother + that came from thence, and told me this, added, that at the time + when he was talking with me, the young man was then still living in + the monastery, on whom, when a boy, that miracle of healing had + been wrought. Nor need we wonder that the prayers of that king who + is now reigning with our Lord, should be very efficacious with Him, + since he, whilst yet governing his temporal kingdom, was always + wont to pray and labour more for that which is eternal. Nay, it is + said, that he often continued in prayer from the hour of morning + thanksgiving<a id="noteref_349" name="noteref_349" href= + "#note_349"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">349</span></span></a> till + it was day; and that by reason of his constant custom of praying or + giving thanks to God, he was wont always, wherever he sat, to hold + his hands on his knees with the palms turned upwards. It is also + commonly affirmed and has passed into a proverb, that he ended his + life in prayer; for when he was beset with the weapons of his + enemies, and perceived that death was at hand, he prayed for the + souls of his army. Whence it is proverbially said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Lord have mercy on their + souls,’</span> said Oswald, as he fell to the ground.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now his bones + were translated to the monastery which we have mentioned, and + buried therein: but the king who slew him commanded his head, and + hands, with the arms, to be cut off from the body, and set upon + stakes. But his successor in the throne, Oswy, coming thither the + next year with his army, took them down, and buried <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page161">[pg 161]</span><a name="Pg161" id="Pg161" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> his head in the cemetery of the church + of Lindisfarne,<a id="noteref_350" name="noteref_350" href= + "#note_350"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">350</span></span></a> and + the hands and arms in his royal city.<a id="noteref_351" name= + "noteref_351" href="#note_351"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">351</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc149" id="toc149"></a> <a name="pdf150" id="pdf150"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XIII" id="Book_III_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIII. How a certain person in + Ireland was restored, when at the point of death, by his + relics.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor was the fame + of the renowned Oswald confined to Britain, but, spreading rays of + healing light even beyond the sea, reached also to Germany and + Ireland. For the most reverend prelate, Acca,<a id="noteref_352" + name="noteref_352" href="#note_352"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">352</span></span></a> is + wont to relate, that when, in his journey to Rome,<a id= + "noteref_353" name="noteref_353" href="#note_353"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">353</span></span></a> he + and his bishop Wilfrid stayed some time with Wilbrord,<a id= + "noteref_354" name="noteref_354" href="#note_354"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">354</span></span></a> the + holy archbishop of the Frisians, he often heard him tell of the + wonders which had been wrought in that province at the relics of + that most worshipful king. And he used to say that in Ireland, + when, being yet only a priest, he led the life of a stranger and + pilgrim for love of the eternal country, the fame of that king's + sanctity was already spread far and near in that island also. One + of the miracles, among the rest, which he related, we have thought + fit to insert in this our history.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page162">[pg 162]</span><a name="Pg162" id="Pg162" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“At the time,”</span> said he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“of the plague which made such widespread havoc in + Britain and Ireland, among others, a certain scholar of the + Scottish race was smitten with the disease, a man learned in the + study of letters, but in no way careful or studious of his eternal + salvation; who, seeing his death near at hand, began to fear and + tremble lest, as soon as he was dead, he should be hurried away to + the prison-house of Hell for his sins. He called me, for I was + near, and trembling and sighing in his weakness, with a lamentable + voice made his complaint to me, after this manner: <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘You see that my bodily distress increases, and that I + am now reduced to the point of death. Nor do I question but that + after the death of my body, I shall be immediately snatched away to + the everlasting death of my soul, and cast into the torments of + hell, since for a long time, amidst all my reading of divine books, + I have suffered myself to be ensnared by sin, instead of keeping + the commandments of God. But it is my resolve, if the Divine Mercy + shall grant me a new term of life, to correct my sinful habits, and + wholly to devote anew my mind and life to obedience to the Divine + will. But I know that I have no merits of my own whereby to obtain + a prolongation of life, nor can I hope to have it, unless it shall + please God to forgive me, wretched and unworthy of pardon as I am, + through the help of those who have faithfully served him. We have + heard, and the report is widespread, that there was in your nation + a king, of wonderful sanctity, called Oswald, the excellency of + whose faith and virtue has been made famous even after his death by + the working of many miracles. I beseech you, if you have any relics + of his in your keeping, that you will bring them to me; if haply + the Lord shall be pleased, through his merits, to have mercy on + me.’</span> I answered, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I have indeed a + part of the stake on which his head was set up by the pagans, when + he was killed, and if you believe with steadfast heart, the Divine + mercy may, through the merits of so great a man, both grant you a + longer term of life here, and render you worthy to be admitted into + eternal life.’</span> He answered immediately <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page163">[pg 163]</span><a name="Pg163" id="Pg163" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> that he had entire faith therein. Then + I blessed some water, and put into it a splinter of the aforesaid + oak, and gave it to the sick man to drink. He presently found ease, + and, recovering of his sickness, lived a long time after; and, + being entirely converted to God in heart and deed, wherever he + went, he spoke of the goodness of his merciful Creator, and the + honour of His faithful servant.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc151" id="toc151"></a> <a name="pdf152" id="pdf152"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XIV" id="Book_III_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIV. How on the death of + Paulinus, Ithamar was made bishop of Rochester in his stead; and of + the wonderful humility of King Oswin, who was cruelly slain by + Oswy. [644-651</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Oswald being + translated to the heavenly kingdom, his brother Oswy,<a id= + "noteref_355" name="noteref_355" href="#note_355"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">355</span></span></a> a + young man of about thirty years of age, succeeded him on the throne + of his earthly kingdom, and held it twenty-eight years with much + trouble, being attacked by the pagan nation of the Mercians, that + had slain his brother, as also by his son Alchfrid,<a id= + "noteref_356" name="noteref_356" href="#note_356"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">356</span></span></a> and + by his nephew Oidilwald,<a id="noteref_357" name="noteref_357" + href="#note_357"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">357</span></span></a> the + son of his brother who reigned before him. In his second year, that + is, in the year of our Lord 644, the most reverend Father Paulinus, + formerly Bishop of York, but at that time Bishop of the city of + Rochester, departed to the Lord, on the 10th day of October, having + held the office of a bishop nineteen years, two months, and + twenty-one days; and was buried in the sacristy of the blessed + Apostle Andrew,<a id="noteref_358" name="noteref_358" href= + "#note_358"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">358</span></span></a> which + King Ethelbert had built from the foundation, in the same city of + Rochester. In his place, Archbishop Honorius <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page164">[pg 164]</span><a name="Pg164" id="Pg164" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> ordained Ithamar,<a id="noteref_359" + name="noteref_359" href="#note_359"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">359</span></span></a> of + the Kentish nation, but not inferior to his predecessors in + learning and conduct of life.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Oswy, during the + first part of his reign, had a partner in the royal dignity called + Oswin, of the race of King Edwin, and son to Osric<a id= + "noteref_360" name="noteref_360" href="#note_360"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">360</span></span></a> of + whom we have spoken above, a man of wonderful piety and devotion, + who governed the province of the Deiri seven years in very great + prosperity, and was himself beloved by all men. But Oswy, who + governed all the other northern part of the nation beyond the + Humber, that is, the province of the Bernicians, could not live at + peace with him; and at last, when the causes of their disagreement + increased, he murdered him most cruelly. For when each had raised + an army against the other, Oswin perceived that he could not + maintain a war against his enemy who had more auxiliaries than + himself, and he thought it better at that time to lay aside all + thoughts of engaging, and to reserve himself for better times. He + therefore disbanded the army which he had assembled, and ordered + all his men to return to their own homes, from the place that is + called Wilfaraesdun,<a id="noteref_361" name="noteref_361" href= + "#note_361"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">361</span></span></a> that + is, Wilfar's Hill, which is about ten miles distant from the + village called Cataract, towards the north-west. He himself, with + only one trusty thegn, whose name was Tondhere, withdrew and lay + concealed in the house of Hunwald, a noble,<a id="noteref_362" + name="noteref_362" href="#note_362"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">362</span></span></a> whom + he imagined to be his most assured friend. But, alas! it was far + otherwise; for Hunwald betrayed him, and Oswy, by the hands of his + reeve, Ethilwin, foully slew him and the thegn aforesaid. This + happened on the 20th of August, in the ninth year of his reign, at + a place called Ingetlingum, where afterwards, to atone for this + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page165">[pg 165]</span><a name= + "Pg165" id="Pg165" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> crime, a monastery + was built,<a id="noteref_363" name="noteref_363" href= + "#note_363"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">363</span></span></a> + wherein prayers should be daily offered up to God for the + redemption of the souls of both kings, to wit, of him that was + murdered, and of him that commanded the murder.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Oswin was + of a goodly countenance, and tall of stature, pleasant in + discourse, and courteous in behaviour; and bountiful to all, gentle + and simple alike; so that he was beloved by all men for the royal + dignity of his mind and appearance and actions, and men of the + highest rank came from almost all provinces to serve him. Among all + the graces of virtue and moderation by which he was distinguished + and, if I may say so, blessed in a special manner, humility is said + to have been the greatest, which it will suffice to prove by one + instance.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He had given a + beautiful horse to Bishop Aidan, to use either in crossing rivers, + or in performing a journey upon any urgent necessity, though the + Bishop was wont to travel ordinarily on foot. Some short time + after, a poor man meeting the Bishop, and asking alms, he + immediately dismounted, and ordered the horse, with all his royal + trappings, to be given to the beggar; for he was very + compassionate, a great friend to the poor, and, in a manner, the + father of the wretched. This being told to the king, when they were + going in to dinner, he said to the Bishop, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“What did you mean, my lord Bishop, by giving the poor + man that royal horse, which it was fitting that you should have for + your own use? Had not we many other horses of less value, or things + of other sorts, which would have been good enough to give to the + poor, instead of giving that horse, which I had chosen and set + apart for your own use?”</span> Thereupon the Bishop answered, + <span class="tei tei-q">“What do you say, O king? Is that son of a + mare more dear to you than that son of God?”</span> Upon this they + went in to dinner, and the Bishop sat in his place; but the king, + who had come in from hunting, stood warming himself, with his + attendants, at the fire. Then, on a sudden, whilst he was warming + himself, calling <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page166">[pg + 166]</span><a name="Pg166" id="Pg166" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to mind what the bishop had said to him, he ungirt his sword, and + gave it to a servant, and hastened to the Bishop and fell down at + his feet, beseeching him to forgive him; <span class= + "tei tei-q">“For from this time forward,”</span> said he, + <span class="tei tei-q">“I will never speak any more of this, nor + will I judge of what or how much of our money you shall give to the + sons of God.”</span> The bishop was much moved at this sight, and + starting up, raised him, saying that he was entirely reconciled to + him, if he would but sit down to his meat, and lay aside all + sorrow. The king, at the bishop's command and request, was + comforted, but the bishop, on the other hand, grew sad and was + moved even to tears. His priest then asking him, in the language of + his country, which the king and his servants did not understand, + why he wept, <span class="tei tei-q">“I know,”</span> said he, + <span class="tei tei-q">“that the king will not live long; for I + never before saw a humble king; whence I perceive that he will soon + be snatched out of this life, because this nation is not worthy of + such a ruler.”</span> Not long after, the bishop's gloomy + foreboding was fulfilled by the king's sad death, as has been said + above. But Bishop Aidan himself was also taken out of this world, + not more than twelve days after the death of the king he loved, on + the 31st of August,<a id="noteref_364" name="noteref_364" href= + "#note_364"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">364</span></span></a> to + receive the eternal reward of his labours from the Lord.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc153" id="toc153"></a> <a name="pdf154" id="pdf154"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XV" id="Book_III_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XV. How Bishop Aidan foretold + to certain seamen that a storm would arise, and gave them some holy + oil to calm it. [Between 642 and 645</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">How great the + merits of Aidan were, was made manifest by the Judge of the heart, + with the testimony of miracles, whereof it will suffice to mention + three, that they may not be forgotten. A certain priest, whose name + was Utta,<a id="noteref_365" name="noteref_365" href= + "#note_365"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">365</span></span></a> a man + of great weight and sincerity, and on that account honoured by all + men, even the princes of the world, was sent to Kent, to bring + thence, as wife for <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page167">[pg + 167]</span><a name="Pg167" id="Pg167" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + King Oswy, Eanfled,<a id="noteref_366" name="noteref_366" href= + "#note_366"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">366</span></span></a> the + daughter of King Edwin, who had been carried thither when her + father was killed. Intending to go thither by land, but to return + with the maiden by sea, he went to Bishop Aidan, and entreated him + to offer up his prayers to the Lord for him and his company, who + were then to set out on so long a journey. He, blessing them, and + commending them to the Lord, at the same time gave them some holy + oil, saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“I know that when you go on + board ship, you will meet with a storm and contrary wind; but be + mindful to cast this oil I give you into the sea, and the wind will + cease immediately; you will have pleasant calm weather to attend + you and send you home by the way that you desire.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">All these things + fell out in order, even as the bishop had foretold. For first, the + waves of the sea raged, and the sailors endeavoured to ride it out + at anchor, but all to no purpose; for the sea sweeping over the + ship on all sides and beginning to fill it with water, they all + perceived that death was at hand and about to overtake them. The + priest at last, remembering the bishop's words, laid hold of the + phial and cast some of the oil into the sea, which at once, as had + been foretold, ceased from its uproar. Thus it came to pass that + the man of God, by the spirit of prophecy, foretold the storm that + was to come to pass, and by virtue of the same spirit, though + absent in the body, calmed it when it had arisen. The story of this + miracle was not told me by a person of little credit, but by + Cynimund, a most faithful priest of our church,<a id="noteref_367" + name="noteref_367" href="#note_367"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">367</span></span></a> who + declared that it was related to him by Utta, the priest, in whose + case and through whom the same was wrought.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page168">[pg 168]</span><a name= + "Pg168" id="Pg168" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc155" id="toc155"></a> <a name="pdf156" id="pdf156"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XVI" id="Book_III_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVI. How the same Aidan, by his + prayers, saved the royal city when it was fired by the enemy + [Before 651</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Another notable + miracle of the same father is related by many such as were likely + to have knowledge thereof; for during the time that he was bishop, + the hostile army of the Mercians, under the command of Penda, + cruelly ravaged the country of the Northumbrians far and near, even + to the royal city,<a id="noteref_368" name="noteref_368" href= + "#note_368"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">368</span></span></a> which + has its name from Bebba, formerly its queen. Not being able to take + it by storm or by siege, he endeavoured to burn it down; and having + pulled down all the villages in the neighbourhood of the city, he + brought thither an immense quantity of beams, rafters, partitions, + wattles and thatch, wherewith he encompassed the place to a great + height on the land side, and when he found the wind favourable, he + set fire to it and attempted to burn the town.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time, + the most reverend Bishop Aidan was dwelling in the Isle of + Farne,<a id="noteref_369" name="noteref_369" href= + "#note_369"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">369</span></span></a> which + is about two miles from the city; for thither he was wont often to + retire to pray in solitude and silence; and, indeed, this lonely + dwelling of his is to this day shown in that island. When he saw + the flames of fire and the smoke carried by the wind rising above + the city walls, he is said to have lifted up his eyes and hands to + heaven, and cried with tears, <span class="tei tei-q">“Behold, + Lord, how great evil is wrought by Penda!”</span> These words were + hardly uttered, when the wind immediately veering from the city, + drove back the flames upon those who had kindled them, so that some + being hurt, and all afraid, they forebore any further attempts + against the city, which they perceived to be protected by the hand + of God.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page169">[pg 169]</span><a name= + "Pg169" id="Pg169" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc157" id="toc157"></a> <a name="pdf158" id="pdf158"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVII. How a prop of the church + on which Bishop Aidan was leaning when he died, could not be + consumed when the rest of the Church was on fire; and concerning + his inward life. [651</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Aidan was in the + king's township, not far from the city of which we have spoken + above, at the time when death caused him to quit the body, after he + had been bishop sixteen<a id="noteref_370" name="noteref_370" href= + "#note_370"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">370</span></span></a> + years; for having a church and a chamber in that place, he was wont + often to go and stay there, and to make excursions from it to + preach in the country round about, which he likewise did at other + of the king's townships, having nothing of his own besides his + church and a few fields about it. When he was sick they set up a + tent for him against the wall at the west end of the church, and so + it happened that he breathed his last, leaning against a buttress + that was on the outside of the church to strengthen the wall. He + died in the seventeenth year of his episcopate, on the 31st of + August.<a id="noteref_371" name="noteref_371" href= + "#note_371"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">371</span></span></a> His + body was thence presently translated to the isle of Lindisfarne, + and buried in the cemetery of the brethren. Some time after, when a + larger church was built there and dedicated in honour of the + blessed prince of the Apostles, his bones were translated thither, + and laid on the right side of the altar, with the respect due to so + great a prelate.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Finan,<a id= + "noteref_372" name="noteref_372" href="#note_372"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">372</span></span></a> who + had likewise been sent thither from Hii, the island monastery of + the Scots, succeeded him, and continued no small time in the + bishopric. It happened some years after, that Penda, king of the + Mercians, coming into these parts with a hostile army, destroyed + all he could with fire and sword, and the village where the bishop + died, along with the church above <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page170">[pg 170]</span><a name="Pg170" id="Pg170" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> mentioned, was burnt down; but it fell out in + a wonderful manner that the buttress against which he had been + leaning when he died, could not be consumed by the fire which + devoured all about it. This miracle being noised abroad, the church + was soon rebuilt in the same place, and that same buttress was set + up on the outside, as it had been before, to strengthen the wall. + It happened again, some time after, that the village and likewise + the church were carelessly burned down the second time. Then again, + the fire could not touch the buttress; and, miraculously, though + the fire broke through the very holes of the nails wherewith it was + fixed to the building, yet it could do no hurt to the buttress + itself. When therefore the church was built there the third time, + they did not, as before, place that buttress on the outside as a + support of the building, but within the church, as a memorial of + the miracle; where the people coming in might kneel, and implore + the Divine mercy. And it is well known that since then many have + found grace and been healed in that same place, as also that by + means of splinters cut off from the buttress, and put into water, + many more have obtained a remedy for their own infirmities and + those of their friends.<a id="noteref_373" name="noteref_373" href= + "#note_373"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">373</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I have written + thus much concerning the character and works of the aforesaid + Aidan, in no way commending or approving his lack of wisdom with + regard to the observance of Easter; nay, heartily detesting it, as + I have most manifestly proved in the book I have written, + <span class="tei tei-q">“De Temporibus”</span>;<a id="noteref_374" + name="noteref_374" href="#note_374"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">374</span></span></a> but, + like an impartial historian, unreservedly relating what was done by + or through him, and commending such things as are praiseworthy in + his actions, and preserving the memory thereof for the benefit of + the readers; to wit, his love of peace and charity; of continence + and humility; his mind superior to anger and avarice, and despising + pride and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page171">[pg + 171]</span><a name="Pg171" id="Pg171" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + vainglory; his industry in keeping and teaching the Divine + commandments, his power of study and keeping vigil; his priestly + authority in reproving the haughty and powerful, and at the same + time his tenderness in comforting the afflicted, and relieving or + defending the poor. To be brief, so far as I have learnt from those + that knew him, he took care to neglect none of those things which + he found in the Gospels and the writings of Apostles and prophets, + but to the utmost of his power endeavoured to fulfil them all in + his deeds.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">These things I + greatly admire and love in the aforesaid bishop, because I do not + doubt that they were pleasing to God; but I do not approve or + praise his observance of Easter at the wrong time, either through + ignorance of the canonical time appointed, or, if he knew it, being + prevailed on by the authority of his nation not to adopt it.<a id= + "noteref_375" name="noteref_375" href="#note_375"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">375</span></span></a> Yet + this I approve in him, that in the celebration of his Easter, the + object which he had at heart and reverenced and preached was the + same as ours, to wit, the redemption of mankind, through the + Passion, Resurrection and Ascension into Heaven of the Man Christ + Jesus, who is the mediator between God and man. And therefore he + always celebrated Easter, not as some falsely imagine, on the + fourteenth of the moon, like the Jews, on any day of the week, but + on the Lord's day, from the fourteenth to the twentieth of the + moon; and this he did from his belief that the Resurrection of our + Lord happened on the first day of the week, and for the hope of our + resurrection, which also he, with the holy Church, believed would + truly happen on that same first day of the week, now called the + Lord's day.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc159" id="toc159"></a> <a name="pdf160" id="pdf160"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XVIII" id="Book_III_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVIII. Of the life and death of + the religious King Sigbert. [</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 144%">631</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, + the kingdom of the East Angles, after the death of Earpwald, the + successor of Redwald, was <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page172">[pg + 172]</span><a name="Pg172" id="Pg172" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + governed by his brother Sigbert,<a id="noteref_376" name= + "noteref_376" href="#note_376"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">376</span></span></a> a + good and religious man, who some time before had been baptized in + Gaul, whilst he lived in banishment, a fugitive from the enmity of + Redwald. When he returned home, as soon as he ascended the throne, + being desirous to imitate the good institutions which he had seen + in Gaul, he founded a school wherein boys should be taught letters, + and was assisted therein by Bishop Felix, who came to him from + Kent, and who furnished them with masters and teachers after the + manner of the people of Kent.<a id="noteref_377" name="noteref_377" + href="#note_377"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">377</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This king became + so great a lover of the heavenly kingdom, that at last, quitting + the affairs of his kingdom, and committing them to his kinsman + Ecgric, who before had a share in that kingdom, he entered a + monastery, which he had built for himself, and having received the + tonsure, applied himself rather to do battle for a heavenly throne. + A long time after this, it happened that the nation of the + Mercians, under King Penda, made war on the East Angles; who + finding themselves no match for their enemy, entreated Sigbert to + go with them to battle, to encourage the soldiers. He was unwilling + and refused, upon which they drew him against his will out of the + monastery, and carried him to the army, hoping that the soldiers + would be less afraid and less disposed to flee in the presence of + one who had formerly been an active and distinguished commander. + But he, still mindful of his profession, surrounded, as he was, by + a royal army, would carry nothing in his hand but a wand, and was + killed with King Ecgric; and the pagans pressing on, all their army + was either slaughtered or dispersed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">They were + succeeded in the kingdom by Anna,<a id="noteref_378" name= + "noteref_378" href="#note_378"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">378</span></span></a> the + son of Eni, of the blood royal, a good man, and the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page173">[pg 173]</span><a name="Pg173" id="Pg173" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> father of good children, of whom, in + the proper place, we shall speak hereafter. He also was afterwards + slain like his predecessors by the same pagan chief of the + Mercians.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc161" id="toc161"></a> <a name="pdf162" id="pdf162"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XIX" id="Book_III_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIX. How Fursa built a + monastery among the East Angles, and of his visions and sanctity, + to which, his flesh remaining uncorrupted after death bore + testimony. [</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 144%">633</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Whilst Sigbert + still governed the kingdom, there came out of Ireland a holy man + called Fursa,<a id="noteref_379" name="noteref_379" href= + "#note_379"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">379</span></span></a> + renowned both for his words and actions, and remarkable for + singular virtues, being desirous to live as a stranger and pilgrim + for the Lord's sake, wherever an opportunity should offer. On + coming into the province of the East Angles, he was honourably + received by the aforesaid king, and performing his wonted task of + preaching the Gospel, by the example of his virtue and the + influence of his words, converted many unbelievers to Christ, and + confirmed in the faith and love of Christ those that already + believed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Here he fell + into some infirmity of body, and was thought worthy to see a vision + of angels; in which he was admonished diligently to persevere in + the ministry of the Word which he had undertaken, and indefatigably + to apply himself to his usual watching and prayers; inasmuch as his + end was certain, but the hour thereof uncertain, according to the + saying of our Lord, <span class="tei tei-q">“Watch therefore, for + ye know neither the day nor the hour.”</span><a id="noteref_380" + name="noteref_380" href="#note_380"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">380</span></span></a> Being + confirmed by this vision, he set himself with all speed to build a + monastery on the ground which had been given him by King Sigbert, + and to establish a rule <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page174">[pg + 174]</span><a name="Pg174" id="Pg174" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + of life therein. This monastery was pleasantly situated in the + woods, near the sea; it was built within the area of a fort, which + in the English language is called Cnobheresburg, that is, + Cnobhere's Town;<a id="noteref_381" name="noteref_381" href= + "#note_381"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">381</span></span></a> + afterwards, Anna, king of that province, and certain of the nobles, + embellished it with more stately buildings and with gifts.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This man was of + noble Scottish<a id="noteref_382" name="noteref_382" href= + "#note_382"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">382</span></span></a> + blood, but much more noble in mind than in birth. From his boyish + years, he had earnestly applied himself to reading sacred books and + observing monastic discipline, and, as is most fitting for holy + men, he carefully practised all that he learned to be right.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, in course + of time he himself built a monastery,<a id="noteref_383" name= + "noteref_383" href="#note_383"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">383</span></span></a> + wherein he might with more freedom devote himself to his heavenly + studies. There, falling sick, as the book concerning his life + clearly informs us, he fell into a trance, and quitting his body + from the evening till cockcrow, he was accounted worthy to behold + the sight of the choirs of angels, and to hear their glad songs of + praise. He was wont to declare, that among other things he + distinctly heard this refrain: <span class="tei tei-q">“The saints + shall go from strength to strength.”</span><a id="noteref_384" + name="noteref_384" href="#note_384"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">384</span></span></a> And + again, <span class="tei tei-q">“The God of gods shall be seen in + Sion.”</span><a id="noteref_385" name="noteref_385" href= + "#note_385"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">385</span></span></a> Being + restored to his body, and again taken from it three days after, he + not only saw the greater joys of the blessed, but also fierce + conflicts of evil spirits, who by frequent accusations wickedly + endeavoured to obstruct his journey to heaven; but the angels + protected him, and all their endeavours were in vain. Concerning + all these matters, if any one desires to be more fully informed, to + wit, with what subtlety of deceit the devils recounted both his + actions and idle words, and even his thoughts, as if they had been + written down in a book; <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page175">[pg + 175]</span><a name="Pg175" id="Pg175" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + and what joyous or grievous tidings he learned from the holy angels + and just men who appeared to him among the angels; let him read the + little book of his life which I have mentioned, and I doubt not + that he will thereby reap much spiritual profit.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But there is one + thing among the rest, which we have thought it may be beneficial to + many to insert in this history. When he had been taken up on high, + he was bidden by the angels that conducted him to look back upon + the world. Upon which, casting his eyes downward, he saw, as it + were, a dark valley in the depths underneath him. He also saw four + fires in the air, not far distant from each other. Then asking the + angels, what fires those were, he was told, they were the fires + which would kindle and consume the world. One of them was of + falsehood, when we do not fulfil that which we promised in Baptism, + to renounce the Devil and all his works. The next was of + covetousness, when we prefer the riches of the world to the love of + heavenly things. The third was of discord, when we do not fear to + offend our neighbour even in needless things. The fourth was of + ruthlessness when we think it a light thing to rob and to defraud + the weak. These fires, increasing by degrees, extended so as to + meet one another, and united in one immense flame. When it drew + near, fearing for himself, he said to the angel, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Lord, behold the fire draws near to me.”</span> The + angel answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“That which you did not + kindle will not burn you; for though this appears to be a terrible + and great pyre, yet it tries every man according to the merits of + his works; for every man's concupiscence shall burn in this fire; + for as a man burns in the body through unlawful pleasure, so, when + set free from the body, he shall burn by the punishment which he + has deserved.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then he saw one + of the three angels, who had been his guides throughout both + visions, go before and divide the flaming fires, whilst the other + two, flying about on both sides, defended him from the danger of + the fire. He also saw devils flying through the fire, raising the + flames of war against the just. Then followed <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page176">[pg 176]</span><a name="Pg176" id="Pg176" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> accusations of the envious spirits + against himself, the defence of the good spirits, and a fuller + vision of the heavenly hosts; as also of holy men of his own + nation, who, as he had learnt, had worthily held the office of + priesthood in old times, and who were known to fame; from whom he + heard many things very salutary to himself, and to all others that + would listen to them. When they had ended their discourse, and + returned to Heaven with the angelic spirits, there remained with + the blessed Fursa, the three angels of whom we have spoken before, + and who were to bring him back to the body. And when they + approached the aforesaid great fire, the angel divided the flame, + as he had done before; but when the man of God came to the passage + so opened amidst the flames, the unclean spirits, laying hold of + one of those whom they were burning in the fire, cast him against + him, and, touching his shoulder and jaw, scorched them. He knew the + man, and called to mind that he had received his garment when he + died. The holy angel, immediately laying hold of the man, threw him + back into the fire, and the malignant enemy said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Do not reject him whom you before received; for as you + received the goods of the sinner, so you ought to share in his + punishment.”</span> But the angel withstood him, saying, + <span class="tei tei-q">“He did not receive them through avarice, + but in order to save his soul.”</span> The fire ceased, and the + angel, turning to him, said, <span class="tei tei-q">“That which + you kindled burned you; for if you had not received the money of + this man that died in his sins, his punishment would not burn + you.”</span> And he went on to speak with wholesome counsel of what + ought to be done for the salvation of such as repented in the hour + of death.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Being afterwards + restored to the body, throughout the whole course of his life he + bore the mark of the fire which he had felt in the spirit, visible + to all men on his shoulder and jaw; and the flesh openly showed, in + a wonderful manner, what the spirit had suffered in secret. He + always took care, as he had done before, to teach all men the + practice of virtue, as well by his example, as by preaching. But as + for the story of his visions, he <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page177">[pg 177]</span><a name="Pg177" id="Pg177" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> would only relate them to those who, from + desire of repentance, questioned him about them. An aged brother of + our monastery is still living, who is wont to relate that a very + truthful and religious man told him, that he had seen Fursa himself + in the province of the East Angles, and heard those visions from + his lips; adding, that though it was in severe winter weather and a + hard frost, and the man was sitting in a thin garment when he told + the story, yet he sweated as if it had been in the heat of + mid-summer, by reason of the great terror or joy of which he + spoke.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To return to + what we were saying before, when, after preaching the Word of God + many years in Scotland,<a id="noteref_386" name="noteref_386" href= + "#note_386"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">386</span></span></a> he + could not well endure the disturbance of the crowds that resorted + to him, leaving all that he looked upon as his own, he departed + from his native island, and came with a few brothers through the + Britons into the province of the English, and preaching the Word + there, as has been said, built a famous monastery.<a id= + "noteref_387" name="noteref_387" href="#note_387"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">387</span></span></a> When + this was duly carried out, he became desirous to rid himself of all + business of this world, and even of the monastery itself, and + forthwith left the care of it and of its souls, to his brother + Fullan, and the priests Gobban and Dicull,<a id="noteref_388" name= + "noteref_388" href="#note_388"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">388</span></span></a> and + being himself free from all worldly affairs, resolved to end his + life as a hermit. He had another brother called Ultan, who, after a + long monastic probation, had also adopted the life of an anchorite. + So, seeking him out alone, he lived a whole year with him in + self-denial and prayer, and laboured daily with his hands.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Afterwards + seeing the province thrown into confusion by the irruptions of the + pagans,<a id="noteref_389" name="noteref_389" href= + "#note_389"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">389</span></span></a> and + foreseeing that the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page178">[pg + 178]</span><a name="Pg178" id="Pg178" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + monasteries would also be in danger, he left all things in order, + and sailed over into Gaul, and being there honourably entertained + by Clovis, king of the Franks,<a id="noteref_390" name= + "noteref_390" href="#note_390"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">390</span></span></a> or by + the patrician Ercinwald, he built a monastery in the place called + Latineacum,<a id="noteref_391" name="noteref_391" href= + "#note_391"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">391</span></span></a> and + falling sick not long after, departed this life. The same + Ercinwald, the patrician, took his body, and kept it in the porch + of a church he was building in his town of Perrona,<a id= + "noteref_392" name="noteref_392" href="#note_392"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">392</span></span></a> till + the church itself should be dedicated. This happened twenty-seven + days after, and the body being taken from the porch, to be + re-buried near the altar, was found as whole as if he had died that + very hour. And again, four years after, when a more beautiful + shrine had been built to receive his body to the east of the altar, + it was still found without taint of corruption, and was translated + thither with due honour; where it is well known that his merits, + through the divine operation, have been declared by many miracles. + We have briefly touched upon these matters as well as the + incorruption of his body, that the lofty nature of the man may be + better known to our readers. All which, as also concerning the + comrades of his warfare, whosoever will read it, will find more + fully described in the book of his life.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc163" id="toc163"></a> <a name="pdf164" id="pdf164"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XX" id="Book_III_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XX. How, when Honorius died, + Deusdedit became Archbishop of Canterbury; and of those who were at + that time bishops of the East Angles, and of the church of + Rochester. [653</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + Felix, bishop of the East Angles, dying, when he had held that see + seventeen years,<a id="noteref_393" name="noteref_393" href= + "#note_393"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">393</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page179">[pg 179]</span><a name= + "Pg179" id="Pg179" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Honorius ordained + Thomas his deacon, of the province of the Gyrwas,<a id= + "noteref_394" name="noteref_394" href="#note_394"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">394</span></span></a> in + his place; and he being taken from this life when he had been + bishop five years, Bertgils, surnamed Boniface,<a id="noteref_395" + name="noteref_395" href="#note_395"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">395</span></span></a> of + the province of Kent, was appointed in his stead. Honorius<a id= + "noteref_396" name="noteref_396" href="#note_396"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">396</span></span></a> + himself also, having run his course, departed this life in the year + of our Lord 653, on the 30th of September; and when the see had + been vacant a year and six months, Deusdedit<a id="noteref_397" + name="noteref_397" href="#note_397"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">397</span></span></a> of + the nation of the West Saxons, was chosen the sixth Archbishop of + Canterbury. To ordain him, Ithamar,<a id="noteref_398" name= + "noteref_398" href="#note_398"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">398</span></span></a> + bishop of Rochester, came thither. His ordination was on the 26th + of March, and he ruled the church nine years, four months, and two + days; and when Ithamar died, he consecrated in his place + Damian,<a id="noteref_399" name="noteref_399" href= + "#note_399"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">399</span></span></a> who + was of the race of the South Saxons.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc165" id="toc165"></a> <a name="pdf166" id="pdf166"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXI" id="Book_III_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXI. How the province of the + Midland Angles became Christian under King Peada. [653</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, + the Middle Angles, that is, the Angles of the Midland + country,<a id="noteref_400" name="noteref_400" href= + "#note_400"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">400</span></span></a> under + their Prince Peada, the son of King Penda, received the faith and + mysteries of the truth. <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page180">[pg + 180]</span><a name="Pg180" id="Pg180" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Being an excellent youth, and most worthy of the name and office of + a king, he was by his father elevated to the throne of that nation, + and came to Oswy, king of the Northumbrians, requesting to have his + daughter Alchfled<a id="noteref_401" name="noteref_401" href= + "#note_401"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">401</span></span></a> given + him to wife; but he could not obtain his desire unless he would + receive the faith of Christ, and be baptized, with the nation which + he governed. When he heard the preaching of the truth, the promise + of the heavenly kingdom, and the hope of resurrection and future + immortality, he declared that he would willingly become a + Christian, even though he should not obtain the maiden; being + chiefly prevailed on to receive the faith by King Oswy's son + Alchfrid,<a id="noteref_402" name="noteref_402" href= + "#note_402"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">402</span></span></a> who + was his brother-in-law and friend, for he had married his sister + Cyneburg,<a id="noteref_403" name="noteref_403" href= + "#note_403"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">403</span></span></a> the + daughter of King Penda.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Accordingly he + was baptized by Bishop Finan, with all his nobles and thegns,<a id= + "noteref_404" name="noteref_404" href="#note_404"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">404</span></span></a> and + their servants, that came along with him, at a noted township, + belonging to the king, called At the Wall.<a id="noteref_405" name= + "noteref_405" href="#note_405"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">405</span></span></a> And + having received four priests, who by reason of their learning and + good life were deemed proper to instruct and baptize his nation, he + returned home with much joy. These priests were Cedd and Adda, and + Betti and Diuma;<a id="noteref_406" name="noteref_406" href= + "#note_406"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">406</span></span></a> the + last of whom was by nation a Scot, the others English. Adda was + brother to Utta, whom we have mentioned before,<a id="noteref_407" + name="noteref_407" href="#note_407"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">407</span></span></a> a + renowned priest, and abbot of the monastery which is called At the + Goat's Head.<a id="noteref_408" name="noteref_408" href= + "#note_408"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">408</span></span></a> The + aforesaid priests, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page181">[pg + 181]</span><a name="Pg181" id="Pg181" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + arriving in the province with the prince, preached the Word, and + were heard willingly; and many, as well of the nobility as the + common sort, renouncing the abominations of idolatry, were daily + washed in the fountain of the faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor did King + Penda forbid the preaching of the Word even among his people, the + Mercians, if any were willing to hear it; but, on the contrary, he + hated and despised those whom he perceived to be without the works + of faith, when they had once received the faith of Christ, saying, + that they were contemptible and wretched who scorned to obey their + God, in whom they believed. These things were set on foot two years + before the death of King Penda.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But when he was + slain, and the most Christian king, Oswy, succeeded him in the + throne, as we shall hereafter relate, Diuma,<a id="noteref_409" + name="noteref_409" href="#note_409"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">409</span></span></a> one + of the aforesaid four priests, was made bishop of the Midland + Angles, as also of the Mercians, being ordained by Bishop Finan; + for the scarcity of priests made it necessary that one prelate + should be set over two nations. Having in a short time gained many + people to the Lord, he died among the Midland Angles, in the + country called Infeppingum;<a id="noteref_410" name="noteref_410" + href="#note_410"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">410</span></span></a> and + Ceollach, also of the Scottish nation, succeeded him in the + bishopric. But he, not long after, left his bishopric, and returned + to the island of Hii,<a id="noteref_411" name="noteref_411" href= + "#note_411"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">411</span></span></a> + which, among the Scots, was the chief and head of many monasteries. + His successor in the bishopric was Trumhere,<a id="noteref_412" + name="noteref_412" href="#note_412"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">412</span></span></a> a + godly man, and trained in the monastic life, an Englishman, but + ordained bishop by the Scots. This happened in the days of King + Wulfhere, of whom we shall speak hereafter.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page182">[pg 182]</span><a name= + "Pg182" id="Pg182" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc167" id="toc167"></a> <a name="pdf168" id="pdf168"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXII" id="Book_III_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXII. How under King Sigbert, + through the preaching of Cedd, the East Saxons again received the + faith, which they had before cast off. [653</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time, + also, the East Saxons, at the instance of King Oswy, again received + the faith, which they had formerly cast off when they expelled + Mellitus, their bishop.<a id="noteref_413" name="noteref_413" href= + "#note_413"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">413</span></span></a> For + Sigbert,<a id="noteref_414" name="noteref_414" href= + "#note_414"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">414</span></span></a> who + reigned next to Sigbert surnamed The Little, was then king of that + nation, and a friend to King Oswy, who, when Sigbert came to the + province of the Northumbrians to visit him, as he often did, used + to endeavour to convince him that those could not be gods that had + been made by the hands of men; that a stock or a stone could not be + proper matter to form a god, the residue whereof was either burned + in the fire, or framed into any vessels for the use of men, or else + was cast out as refuse, trampled on and turned into dust. That God + is rather to be understood as incomprehensible in majesty and + invisible to human eyes, almighty, eternal, the Creator of heaven + and earth and of mankind; Who governs and will judge the world in + righteousness, Whose eternal abode must be believed to be in + Heaven, and not in base and perishable metal; and that it ought in + reason to be concluded, that all those who learn and do the will of + Him by Whom they were created, will receive from Him eternal + rewards. King Oswy having often, with friendly counsel, like a + brother, said this and much more to the like effect to King + Sigbert, at length, aided by the consent of his friends, he + believed, and after he had consulted with those about him, and + exhorted them, when they all agreed and assented to the faith, he + was baptized with them by Bishop Finan, in the king's township + above spoken of, which is called At the Wall,<a id="noteref_415" + name="noteref_415" href="#note_415"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">415</span></span></a> + because it is close by the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page183">[pg 183]</span><a name="Pg183" id="Pg183" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> wall which the Romans formerly drew across + the island of Britain, at the distance of twelve miles from the + eastern sea.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Sigbert, + having now become a citizen of the eternal kingdom, returned to the + seat of his temporal kingdom, requesting of King Oswy that he would + give him some teachers, to convert his nation to the faith of + Christ, and cleanse them in the fountain of salvation. Wherefore + Oswy, sending into the province of the Midland Angles, summoned the + man of God, Cedd,<a id="noteref_416" name="noteref_416" href= + "#note_416"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">416</span></span></a> and, + giving him another priest for his companion, sent them to preach + the Word to the East Saxons. When these two, travelling to all + parts of that country, had gathered a numerous Church to the Lord, + it happened once that Cedd returned home, and came to the church of + Lindisfarne to confer with Bishop Finan; who, finding that the work + of the Gospel had prospered in his hands, made him bishop of the + nation of the East Saxons, calling to him two other bishops<a id= + "noteref_417" name="noteref_417" href="#note_417"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">417</span></span></a> to + assist at the ordination. Cedd, having received the episcopal + dignity, returned to his province, and pursuing the work he had + begun with more ample authority, built churches in divers places, + and ordained priests and deacons to assist him in the Word of + faith, and the ministry of Baptism,<a id="noteref_418" name= + "noteref_418" href="#note_418"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">418</span></span></a> + especially in the city which, in the language of the Saxons, is + called Ythancaestir,<a id="noteref_419" name="noteref_419" href= + "#note_419"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">419</span></span></a> as + also in that which is named Tilaburg.<a id="noteref_420" name= + "noteref_420" href="#note_420"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">420</span></span></a> The + first of these places is on the bank of the Pant, the other on the + bank of the Thames. In these, gathering a flock of Christ's + servants, he taught them to observe the discipline of a rule of + life, as far as those rude people were then capable of receiving + it.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page184">[pg + 184]</span><a name="Pg184" id="Pg184" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Whilst the + teaching of the everlasting life was thus, for no small time, + making daily increase in that province to the joy of the king and + of all the people, it happened that the king, at the instigation of + the enemy of all good men, was murdered by his own kindred. They + were two brothers who did this wicked deed; and being asked what + had moved them to it, they had nothing else to answer, but that + they had been incensed against the king, and hated him, because he + was too apt to spare his enemies, and calmly forgave the wrongs + they had done him, upon their entreaty. Such was the crime for + which the king was killed, because he observed the precepts of the + Gospel with a devout heart; but in this innocent death his real + offence was also punished, according to the prediction of the man + of God. For one of those nobles<a id="noteref_421" name= + "noteref_421" href="#note_421"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">421</span></span></a> that + murdered him was unlawfully married, and when the bishop was not + able to prevent or correct the sin, he excommunicated him, and + commanded all that would give ear to him not to enter this man's + house, nor to eat of his meat. But the king made light of this + command, and being invited by the noble, went to a banquet at his + house. As he was going thence, the bishop met him. The king, + beholding him, immediately dismounted from his horse, trembling, + and fell down at his feet, begging pardon for his offence; for the + bishop, who was likewise on horseback, had also alighted. Being + much incensed, he touched the prostrate king with the rod he held + in his hand, and spoke thus with the authority of his office: + <span class="tei tei-q">“I tell thee, forasmuch as thou wouldest + not refrain from the house of that sinful and condemned man, thou + shalt die in that very house.”</span> Yet it is to be believed, + that such a death of a religious man not only blotted out his + offence, but even added to his merit; because it happened on + account of his piety and his observance of the commands of + Christ.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Sigbert was + succeeded in the kingdom by Suidhelm,<a id="noteref_422" name= + "noteref_422" href="#note_422"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">422</span></span></a> the + son of Sexbald, who was baptized by the same <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page185">[pg 185]</span><a name="Pg185" id="Pg185" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Cedd, in the province of the East + Angles, in the royal township, called Rendlaesham,<a id= + "noteref_423" name="noteref_423" href="#note_423"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">423</span></span></a> that + is, Rendil's Dwelling; and Ethelwald,<a id="noteref_424" name= + "noteref_424" href="#note_424"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">424</span></span></a> king + of the East Angles, brother to Anna, king of the same people, + received him as he came forth from the holy font.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc169" id="toc169"></a> <a name="pdf170" id="pdf170"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXIII" id="Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIII. How Bishop Cedd, having + a place for building a monastery given him by King Ethelwald, + consecrated it to the Lord with prayer and fasting; and concerning + his death. [659-664</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same man of + God, whilst he was bishop among the East Saxons, was also wont + oftentimes to visit his own province, Northumbria, for the purpose + of exhortation. Oidilwald,<a id="noteref_425" name="noteref_425" + href="#note_425"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">425</span></span></a> the + son of King Oswald, who reigned among the Deiri, finding him a + holy, wise, and good man, desired him to accept some land whereon + to build a monastery, to which the king himself might frequently + resort, to pray to the Lord and hear the Word, and where he might + be buried when he died; for he believed faithfully that he should + receive much benefit from the daily prayers of those who were to + serve the Lord in that place. The king had before with him a + brother of the same bishop, called Caelin, a man no less devoted to + God, who, being a priest, was wont to administer to him and his + house the Word and the Sacraments of the faith; by whose means he + chiefly came to know and love the bishop. So then, complying with + the king's desires, the Bishop chose himself a place whereon to + build a monastery among steep and distant mountains, which looked + more like lurking-places for robbers and dens of wild beasts, than + dwellings of men; to the end that, according <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page186">[pg 186]</span><a name="Pg186" id="Pg186" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> to the prophecy of Isaiah, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“In the habitation of dragons, where each lay, might be + grass with reeds and rushes;”</span><a id="noteref_426" name= + "noteref_426" href="#note_426"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">426</span></span></a> that + is, that the fruits of good works should spring up, where before + beasts were wont to dwell, or men to live after the manner of + beasts.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But the man of + God, desiring first to cleanse the place which he had received for + the monastery from stain of former crimes, by prayer and fasting, + and so to lay the foundations there, requested of the king that he + would give him opportunity and leave to abide there for prayer all + the time of Lent, which was at hand. All which days, except + Sundays, he prolonged his fast till the evening, according to + custom, and then took no other sustenance than a small piece of + bread, one hen's egg, and a little milk and water. This, he said, + was the custom of those of whom he had learned the rule of regular + discipline, first to consecrate to the Lord, by prayer and fasting, + the places which they had newly received for building a monastery + or a church. When there were ten days of Lent still remaining, + there came a messenger to call him to the king; and he, that the + holy work might not be intermitted, on account of the king's + affairs, entreated his priest, Cynibill, who was also his own + brother, to complete his pious undertaking. Cynibill readily + consented, and when the duty of fasting and prayer was over, he + there built the monastery, which is now called Laestingaeu,<a id= + "noteref_427" name="noteref_427" href="#note_427"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">427</span></span></a> and + established therein religious customs according to the use of + Lindisfarne, where he had been trained.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When Cedd had + for many years held the office of bishop in the aforesaid province, + and also taken charge of this monastery, over which he placed + provosts,<a id="noteref_428" name="noteref_428" href= + "#note_428"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">428</span></span></a> it + happened that he came thither at a time when there was plague, and + fell sick and died. He was first buried <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page187">[pg 187]</span><a name="Pg187" id="Pg187" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> without the walls; but in the process of time + a church was built of stone in the monastery, in honour of the + Blessed Mother of God, and his body was laid in it, on the right + side of the altar.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The bishop left + the monastery to be governed after him by his brother Ceadda,<a id= + "noteref_429" name="noteref_429" href="#note_429"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">429</span></span></a> who + was afterwards made bishop, as shall be told hereafter. For, as it + rarely happens, the four brothers we have mentioned, Cedd and + Cynibill, and Caelin and Ceadda, were all celebrated priests of the + Lord, and two of them also came to be bishops. When the brethren + who were in his monastery, in the province of the East + Saxons,<a id="noteref_430" name="noteref_430" href= + "#note_430"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">430</span></span></a> heard + that the bishop was dead and buried in the province of the + Northumbrians, about thirty men of that monastery came thither, + being desirous either to live near the body of their father, if it + should please God, or to die and be buried there. Being gladly + received by their brethren and fellow soldiers in Christ, all of + them died there struck down by the aforesaid pestilence, except one + little boy, who is known to have been saved from death by the + prayers of his spiritual father. For being alive long after, and + giving himself to the reading of Scripture, he was told that he had + not been regenerated by the water of Baptism, and being then + cleansed in the laver of salvation, he was afterwards promoted to + the order of priesthood, and was of service to many in the church. + I do not doubt that he was delivered at the point of death, as I + have said, by the intercession of his father, to whose body he had + come for love of him, that so he might himself avoid eternal death, + and by teaching, offer the ministry of life and salvation to others + of the brethren.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page188">[pg 188]</span><a name= + "Pg188" id="Pg188" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc171" id="toc171"></a> <a name="pdf172" id="pdf172"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXIV" id="Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIV. How when King Penda was + slain, the province of the Mercians received the faith of Christ, + and Oswy gave possessions and territories to God, for building + monasteries, as a thank offering for the victory obtained. + [655</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, + King Oswy was exposed to the cruel and intolerable invasions of + Penda, king of the Mercians, whom we have so often mentioned, and + who had slain his brother;<a id="noteref_431" name="noteref_431" + href="#note_431"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">431</span></span></a> at + length, compelled by his necessity, he promised to give him + countless gifts and royal marks of honour greater than can be + believed, to purchase peace; provided that he would return home, + and cease to waste and utterly destroy the provinces of his + kingdom. The pagan king refused to grant his request, for he had + resolved to blot out and extirpate all his nation, from the highest + to the lowest; whereupon King Oswy had recourse to the protection + of the Divine pity for deliverance from his barbarous and pitiless + foe, and binding himself by a vow, said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If the pagan will not accept our gifts, let us offer + them to Him that will, the Lord our God.”</span> He then vowed, + that if he should win the victory, he would dedicate his daughter + to the Lord in holy virginity, and give twelve pieces of land + whereon to build monasteries. After this he gave battle with a very + small army: indeed, it is reported that the pagans had thirty times + the number of men; for they had thirty legions, drawn up under most + noted commanders.<a id="noteref_432" name="noteref_432" href= + "#note_432"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">432</span></span></a> King + Oswy and his son Alchfrid met them with a very small army, as has + been said, but trusting in Christ as their Leader; his other son, + Egfrid,<a id="noteref_433" name="noteref_433" href= + "#note_433"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">433</span></span></a> was + then kept as a hostage at the court of Queen Cynwise,<a id= + "noteref_434" name="noteref_434" href="#note_434"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">434</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page189">[pg 189]</span><a name= + "Pg189" id="Pg189" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> in the province of + the Mercians. King Oswald's son Oidilwald,<a id="noteref_435" name= + "noteref_435" href="#note_435"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">435</span></span></a> who + ought to have supported them, was on the enemy's side, and led them + on to fight against his country and his uncle; though, during the + battle, he withdrew, and awaited the event in a place of safety. + The engagement began, the pagans were put to flight or killed, the + thirty royal commanders, who had come to Penda's assistance, were + almost all of them slain; among whom was Ethelhere,<a id= + "noteref_436" name="noteref_436" href="#note_436"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">436</span></span></a> + brother and successor to Anna, king of the East Angles. He had been + the occasion of the war, and was now killed, having lost his army + and auxiliaries. The battle was fought near the river + Winwaed,<a id="noteref_437" name="noteref_437" href= + "#note_437"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">437</span></span></a> which + then, owing to the great rains, was in flood, and had overflowed + its banks, so that many more were drowned in the flight than + destroyed in battle by the sword.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then King Oswy, + according to the vow he had made to the Lord, returned thanks to + God for the victory granted him, and gave his daughter + Elfled,<a id="noteref_438" name="noteref_438" href= + "#note_438"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">438</span></span></a> who + was scarce a year old, to be consecrated to Him in perpetual + virginity; bestowing also twelve small estates of land, wherein the + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page190">[pg 190]</span><a name= + "Pg190" id="Pg190" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> practice of earthly + warfare should cease, and place and means should be afforded to + devout and zealous monks to wage spiritual warfare, and pray for + the eternal peace of his nation. Of these estates six were in the + province of the Deiri, and the other six in that of the Bernicians. + Each of the estates contained ten families, that is, a hundred and + twenty in all. The aforesaid daughter of King Oswy, who was to be + dedicated to God, entered the monastery called Heruteu,<a id= + "noteref_439" name="noteref_439" href="#note_439"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">439</span></span></a> or, + <span class="tei tei-q">“The Island of the Hart,”</span> at that + time ruled by the Abbess Hilda,<a id="noteref_440" name= + "noteref_440" href="#note_440"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">440</span></span></a> who, + two years after, having acquired an estate of ten families, at the + place called Streanaeshalch,<a id="noteref_441" name="noteref_441" + href="#note_441"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">441</span></span></a> built + a monastery there, in which the aforesaid king's daughter was first + trained in the monastic life and afterwards became abbess; till, at + the age of fifty-nine, the blessed virgin departed to be united to + her Heavenly Bridegroom. In this monastery, she and her father, + Oswy, her mother, Eanfled, her mother's father, Edwin,<a id= + "noteref_442" name="noteref_442" href="#note_442"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">442</span></span></a> and + many other noble persons, are buried in the church of the holy + Apostle Peter. King Oswy concluded this war in the district of + Loidis, in the thirteenth year of his reign, on the 15th of + November,<a id="noteref_443" name="noteref_443" href= + "#note_443"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">443</span></span></a> to + the great benefit of both nations; for he delivered his own people + from the hostile depredations of the pagans, and, having made an + end of their heathen chief, converted the Mercians and the adjacent + provinces to the grace of the Christian faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Diuma was made + the first bishop of the Mercians, as also of Lindsey and the + Midland Angles, as has been said above,<a id="noteref_444" name= + "noteref_444" href="#note_444"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">444</span></span></a> and + he died and was buried among the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page191">[pg 191]</span><a name="Pg191" id="Pg191" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Midland Angles. The second was + Ceollach,<a id="noteref_445" name="noteref_445" href= + "#note_445"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">445</span></span></a> who, + giving up his episcopal office before his death, returned into + Scotland. Both these bishops belonged to the nation of the Scots. + The third was Trumhere, an Englishman, but educated and ordained by + the Scots. He was abbot of the monastery that is called + Ingetlingum,<a id="noteref_446" name="noteref_446" href= + "#note_446"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">446</span></span></a> and + is the place where King Oswin was killed, as has been said above; + for Queen Eanfled, his kinswoman, in expiation of his unjust death, + begged of King Oswy that he would give Trumhere, the aforesaid + servant of God, a place there to build a monastery, because he also + was kinsman to the slaughtered king; in which monastery continual + prayers should be offered up for the eternal welfare of the kings, + both of him that was murdered, and of him that commanded the + murder. The same King Oswy governed the Mercians, as also the + people of the other southern provinces, three years after he had + slain King Penda; and he likewise subdued the greater part of the + Picts to the dominion of the English.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time he + gave to the above-mentioned Peada, son to King Penda, because he + was his kinsman, the kingdom of the Southern Mercians,<a id= + "noteref_447" name="noteref_447" href="#note_447"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">447</span></span></a> + consisting, as is said, of 5,000 families, divided by the river + Trent from the Northern Mercians, whose land contains 7,000 + families; but Peada was foully slain in the following spring, by + the treachery, as is said, of his wife,<a id="noteref_448" name= + "noteref_448" href="#note_448"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">448</span></span></a> + during the very time of the Easter festival. Three years after the + death of King Penda, the Mercian chiefs, Immin, and Eafa, and + Eadbert, rebelled against King Oswy, setting up for their king, + Wulfhere,<a id="noteref_449" name="noteref_449" href= + "#note_449"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">449</span></span></a> son + to the said Penda, a youth whom they had kept concealed; and + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page192">[pg 192]</span><a name= + "Pg192" id="Pg192" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> expelling the + ealdormen of the foreign king, they bravely recovered at once their + liberty and their lands; and being thus free, together with their + king, they rejoiced to serve Christ the true King, for the sake of + an everlasting kingdom in heaven. This king governed the Mercians + seventeen years, and had for his first bishop Trumhere,<a id= + "noteref_450" name="noteref_450" href="#note_450"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">450</span></span></a> above + spoken of; the second was Jaruman;<a id="noteref_451" name= + "noteref_451" href="#note_451"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">451</span></span></a> the + third Ceadda;<a id="noteref_452" name="noteref_452" href= + "#note_452"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">452</span></span></a> the + fourth Wynfrid.<a id="noteref_453" name="noteref_453" href= + "#note_453"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">453</span></span></a> All + these, succeeding each other in order under King Wulfhere, + discharged episcopal duties to the Mercian nation.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc173" id="toc173"></a> <a name="pdf174" id="pdf174"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXV" id="Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXV. How the question arose + about the due time of keeping Easter, with those that came out of + Scotland.</span><a id="noteref_454" name="noteref_454" href= + "#note_454"><span class="tei tei-noteref" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">454</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 144%">[664</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + Bishop Aidan being taken away from this life, Finan, who was + ordained and sent by the Scots, succeeded him in the bishopric, and + built a church in the Isle of Lindisfarne, fit for the episcopal + see; nevertheless, after the manner of the Scots, he made it, not + of stone, but entirely of hewn oak, and covered it with reeds; and + it was afterwards dedicated in honour of the blessed Peter the + Apostle, by the most reverend Archbishop Theodore. Eadbert,<a id= + "noteref_455" name="noteref_455" href="#note_455"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">455</span></span></a> also + bishop of that place, took off the thatch, and caused it to be + covered entirely, both roof and walls, with plates of + lead.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page193">[pg + 193]</span><a name="Pg193" id="Pg193" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, a + great and frequently debated question arose about the observance of + Easter;<a id="noteref_456" name="noteref_456" href= + "#note_456"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">456</span></span></a> those + that came from Kent or Gaul affirming, that the Scots celebrated + Easter Sunday contrary to the custom of the universal Church. Among + them was a most zealous defender of the true Easter, whose name was + Ronan,<a id="noteref_457" name="noteref_457" href= + "#note_457"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">457</span></span></a> a + Scot by nation, but instructed in the rule of ecclesiastical truth + in Gaul or Italy. Disputing with Finan, he convinced many, or at + least induced them to make a more strict inquiry after the truth; + yet he could not prevail upon Finan, but, on the contrary, + embittered him the more by reproof, and made him a professed + opponent of the truth, for he was of a violent temper. James,<a id= + "noteref_458" name="noteref_458" href="#note_458"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">458</span></span></a> + formerly the deacon of the venerable Archbishop Paulinus, as has + been said above, observed the true and Catholic Easter, with all + those that he could instruct in the better way. Queen Eanfled and + her followers also observed it as she had seen it practised in + Kent, having with her a Kentish priest who followed the Catholic + observance, whose name was Romanus. Thus it is said to have + sometimes happened in those times that Easter was twice celebrated + in one year; and that when the king, having ended his fast, was + keeping Easter, the queen and her followers were still fasting, and + celebrating Palm Sunday. Whilst Aidan lived, this difference about + the observance of Easter was patiently tolerated by all men, for + they well knew, that though he could not keep Easter contrary to + the custom of those who had sent him, yet he industriously laboured + to practise the works of faith, piety, and love, according to the + custom of all holy men; for which reason he was deservedly beloved + by all, even by those who differed in opinion concerning Easter, + and was held in veneration, not only by less important persons, but + even by the bishops, Honorius of Canterbury, and Felix of the East + Angles.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But after the + death of Finan, who succeeded him, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page194">[pg 194]</span><a name="Pg194" id="Pg194" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> when Colman, who was also sent from + Scotland,<a id="noteref_459" name="noteref_459" href= + "#note_459"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">459</span></span></a> came + to be bishop, a greater controversy arose about the observance of + Easter, and other rules of ecclesiastical life. Whereupon this + question began naturally to influence the thoughts and hearts of + many who feared, lest haply, having received the name of + Christians, they might run, or have run, in vain. This reached the + ears of the rulers, King Oswy and his son Alchfrid. Now Oswy, + having been instructed and baptized by the Scots, and being very + perfectly skilled in their language, thought nothing better than + what they taught; but Alchfrid, having for his teacher in + Christianity the learned Wilfrid,<a id="noteref_460" name= + "noteref_460" href="#note_460"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">460</span></span></a> who + had formerly gone to Rome to study ecclesiastical doctrine, and + spent much time at Lyons with Dalfinus,<a id="noteref_461" name= + "noteref_461" href="#note_461"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">461</span></span></a> + archbishop of Gaul, from whom also he had received the crown of + ecclesiastical tonsure, rightly thought that this man's doctrine + ought to be preferred before all the traditions of the Scots. For + this reason he had also given him a monastery of forty families, at + a place called Inhrypum;<a id="noteref_462" name="noteref_462" + href="#note_462"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">462</span></span></a> which + place, not long before, he had given for a monastery to those that + were followers of the Scots; but forasmuch as they afterwards, + being left to their choice, preferred to quit the place rather than + alter their custom, he gave it to him, whose life and doctrine were + worthy of it.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Agilbert, bishop + of the West Saxons,<a id="noteref_463" name="noteref_463" href= + "#note_463"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">463</span></span></a> + above-mentioned, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page195">[pg + 195]</span><a name="Pg195" id="Pg195" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> a + friend of King Alchfrid and of Abbot Wilfrid, had at that time come + into the province of the Northumbrians, and was staying some time + among them; at the request of Alchfrid, he made Wilfrid a priest in + his aforesaid monastery. He had in his company a priest, whose name + was Agatho.<a id="noteref_464" name="noteref_464" href= + "#note_464"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">464</span></span></a> The + question being raised there concerning Easter and the tonsure and + other ecclesiastical matters, it was arranged, that a synod should + be held in the monastery of Streanaeshalch,<a id="noteref_465" + name="noteref_465" href="#note_465"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">465</span></span></a> which + signifies the Bay of the Lighthouse, where the Abbess Hilda,<a id= + "noteref_466" name="noteref_466" href="#note_466"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">466</span></span></a> a + woman devoted to the service of God, then ruled; and that there + this question should be decided. The kings, both father and son, + came thither, and the bishops, Colman with his Scottish clerks, and + Agilbert with the priests Agatho and Wilfrid. James and Romanus + were on their side; but the Abbess Hilda and her followers were for + the Scots, as was also the venerable Bishop Cedd,<a id= + "noteref_467" name="noteref_467" href="#note_467"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">467</span></span></a> long + before ordained by the Scots, as has been said above, and he acted + in that council as a most careful interpreter for both parties.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Oswy first + made an opening speech, in which he said that it behoved those who + served one God to observe one rule of life; and as they all + expected the same kingdom in heaven, so they ought not to differ in + the celebration of the heavenly mysteries; but rather to inquire + which was the truer tradition, that it might be followed by all in + common; he then commanded his bishop, Colman, first to declare what + the custom was which he observed, and whence it derived its origin. + Then Colman said, <span class="tei tei-q">“The Easter which I keep, + I received from my elders, who sent me hither as bishop; all our + forefathers, men beloved of God, are known to have celebrated it + after the same manner; and that it may not seem to any contemptible + and worthy to be <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page196">[pg + 196]</span><a name="Pg196" id="Pg196" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + rejected, it is the same which the blessed John the Evangelist, the + disciple specially beloved of our Lord, with all the churches over + which he presided, is recorded to have celebrated.”</span><a id= + "noteref_468" name="noteref_468" href="#note_468"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">468</span></span></a> When + he had said thus much, and more to the like effect, the king + commanded Agilbert to make known the manner of his observance and + to show whence it was derived, and on what authority he followed + it. Agilbert answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“I beseech you, let + my disciple, the priest Wilfrid, speak in my stead; because we both + concur with the other followers of the ecclesiastical tradition + that are here present, and he can better and more clearly explain + our opinion in the English language, than I can by an + interpreter.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then Wilfrid, + being ordered by the king to speak, began thus:—<span class= + "tei tei-q">“The Easter which we keep, we saw celebrated by all at + Rome, where the blessed Apostles, Peter and Paul, lived, taught, + suffered, and were buried; we saw the same done by all in Italy and + in Gaul, when we travelled through those countries for the purpose + of study and prayer. We found it observed in Africa, Asia, Egypt, + Greece, and all the world, wherever the Church of Christ is spread + abroad, among divers nations and tongues, at one and the same time; + save only among these and their accomplices in obstinacy, I mean + the Picts and the Britons, who foolishly, in these two remote + islands of the ocean, and only in part even of them, strive to + oppose all the rest of the world.”</span> When he had so said, + Colman answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is strange that you + choose to call our efforts foolish, wherein we follow the example + of so great an Apostle, who was thought worthy to lean on our + Lord's bosom, when all the world knows him to have lived most + wisely.”</span> Wilfrid replied, <span class="tei tei-q">“Far be it + from us to charge John with folly, for he literally observed the + precepts of the Mosaic Law, whilst the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page197">[pg 197]</span><a name="Pg197" id="Pg197" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Church was still Jewish in many points, and + the Apostles, lest they should give cause of offence to the Jews + who were among the Gentiles, were not able at once to cast off all + the observances of the Law which had been instituted by God, in the + same way as it is necessary that all who come to the faith should + forsake the idols which were invented by devils. For this reason it + was, that Paul circumcised Timothy,<a id="noteref_469" name= + "noteref_469" href="#note_469"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">469</span></span></a> that + he offered sacrifice in the temple,<a id="noteref_470" name= + "noteref_470" href="#note_470"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">470</span></span></a> that + he shaved his head with Aquila and Priscilla at Corinth;<a id= + "noteref_471" name="noteref_471" href="#note_471"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">471</span></span></a> for + no other advantage than to avoid giving offence to the Jews. Hence + it was, that James said to the same Paul, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Thou seest, brother, how many thousands of Jews there + are which believe; and they are all zealous of the + Law.’</span><a id="noteref_472" name="noteref_472" href= + "#note_472"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">472</span></span></a> And + yet, at this time, when the light of the Gospel is spreading + throughout the world, it is needless, nay, it is not lawful, for + the faithful either to be circumcised, or to offer up to God + sacrifices of flesh. So John, according to the custom of the Law, + began the celebration of the feast of Easter, on the fourteenth day + of the first month, in the evening, not regarding whether the same + happened on a Saturday, or any other week-day. But when Peter + preached at Rome, being mindful that our Lord arose from the dead, + and gave to the world the hope of resurrection, on the first day of + the week, he perceived that Easter ought to be kept after this + manner: he always awaited the rising of the moon on the fourteenth + day of the first month in the evening, according to the custom and + precepts of the Law, even as John did. And when that came, if the + Lord's day, then called the first day of the week, was the next + day, he began that very evening to celebrate Easter, as we all do + at the present time. But if the Lord's day did not fall the next + morning after the fourteenth moon, but on the sixteenth, or the + seventeenth, or any other moon till the twenty-first, he waited for + that, and on the Saturday before, in the evening, began to observe + the holy solemnity of Easter. Thus it came <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page198">[pg 198]</span><a name="Pg198" id="Pg198" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> to pass, that Easter Sunday was only kept + from the fifteenth moon to the twenty-first. Nor does this + evangelical and apostolic tradition abolish the Law, but rather + fulfil it; the command being to keep the passover from the + fourteenth moon of the first month in the evening to the + twenty-first moon of the same month in the evening; which + observance all the successors of the blessed John in Asia, since + his death, and all the Church throughout the world, have since + followed; and that this is the true Easter, and the only one to be + celebrated by the faithful, was not newly decreed by the council of + Nicaea, but only confirmed afresh; as the history of the Church + informs us.<a id="noteref_473" name="noteref_473" href= + "#note_473"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">473</span></span></a></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thus it is plain, that you, Colman, neither follow the + example of John, as you imagine, nor that of Peter, whose tradition + you oppose with full knowledge, and that you neither agree with the + Law nor the Gospel in the keeping of your Easter. For John, keeping + the Paschal time according to the decree of the Mosaic Law, had no + regard to the first day of the week, which you do not practise, + seeing that you celebrate Easter only on the first day after the + Sabbath. Peter celebrated Easter Sunday between the fifteenth and + the twenty-first moon, which you do not practise, seeing that you + observe Easter Sunday from the fourteenth to the twentieth moon; so + that you often begin Easter on the thirteenth moon in the evening, + whereof neither the Law made any mention, nor did our Lord, the + Author and Giver of the Gospel, on that day either eat the old + passover in the evening, or deliver the Sacraments of the New + Testament, to be celebrated by the Church, in memory of His + Passion, but on the fourteenth. Besides, in your celebration of + Easter, you utterly exclude the twenty-first moon, which the Law + ordered to be specially observed. Thus, as I have said before, you + agree neither with John nor Peter, nor with the Law, nor the + Gospel, in the celebration of the greatest festival.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To this Colman + rejoined: <span class="tei tei-q">“Did the holy Anatolius,<a id= + "noteref_474" name="noteref_474" href="#note_474"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">474</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page199">[pg 199]</span><a name= + "Pg199" id="Pg199" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> much commended in + the history of the Church, judge contrary to the Law and the + Gospel, when he wrote, that Easter was to be celebrated from the + fourteenth to the twentieth moon? Is it to be believed that our + most reverend Father Columba and his successors, men beloved by + God, who kept Easter after the same manner, judged or acted + contrary to the Divine writings? Whereas there were many among + them, whose sanctity was attested by heavenly signs and miracles + which they wrought; whom I, for my part, doubt not to be saints, + and whose life, customs, and discipline I never cease to + follow.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“It is evident,”</span> said Wilfrid, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“that Anatolius was a most holy, learned, and + commendable man; but what have you to do with him, since you do not + observe his decrees? For he undoubtedly, following the rule of + truth in his Easter, appointed a cycle of nineteen years, which + either you are ignorant of, or if you know it, though it is kept by + the whole Church of Christ, yet you despise it as a thing of + naught. He so computed the fourteenth moon in our Lord's Paschal + Feast, that according to the custom of the Egyptians, he + acknowledged it to be the fifteenth moon on that same day in the + evening; so in like manner he assigned the twentieth to + Easter-Sunday, as believing that to be the twenty-first moon, when + the sun had set. That you are ignorant of the rule of this + distinction is proved by this, that you sometimes manifestly keep + Easter before the full moon, that is, on the thirteenth day. + Concerning your Father Columba and his followers, whose sanctity + you say you imitate, and whose rule and precepts confirmed by signs + from Heaven you say that you follow, I might answer, then when + many, in the day of judgement, shall say to our Lord, that in His + name they have prophesied, and have cast out devils, and done many + wonderful works, our Lord will reply, that He never knew them. But + far be it from me to speak thus of your fathers, for it is much + more just to believe good than evil of those whom we know not. + Wherefore I do not deny those also to have been God's servants, and + beloved of God, who with rude <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page200">[pg 200]</span><a name="Pg200" id="Pg200" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> simplicity, but pious intentions, have + themselves loved Him. Nor do I think that such observance of Easter + did them much harm, as long as none came to show them a more + perfect rule to follow; for assuredly I believe that, if any + teacher, reckoning after the Catholic manner, had come among them, + they would have as readily followed his admonitions, as they are + known to have kept those commandments of God, which they had + learned and knew.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But as for you and your companions, you certainly sin, + if, having heard the decrees of the Apostolic see, nay, of the + universal Church, confirmed, as they are, by Holy Scripture, you + scorn to follow them; for, though your fathers were holy, do you + think that those few men, in a corner of the remotest island, are + to be preferred before the universal Church of Christ throughout + the world? And if that Columba of yours, (and, I may say, ours + also, if he was Christ's servant,) was a holy man and powerful in + miracles, yet could he be preferred before the most blessed chief + of the Apostles, to whom our Lord said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my + Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it, and I + will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of + Heaven?’</span> ”</span><a id="noteref_475" name="noteref_475" + href="#note_475"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">475</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When Wilfrid had + ended thus, the king said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Is it true, + Colman, that these words were spoken to Peter by our Lord?”</span> + He answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is true, O king!”</span> + Then said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“Can you show any such power + given to your Columba?”</span> Colman answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“None.”</span> Then again the king asked, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Do you both agree in this, without any controversy, + that these words were said above all to Peter, and that the keys of + the kingdom of Heaven were given to him by our Lord?”</span> They + both answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Yes.”</span> Then the king + concluded, <span class="tei tei-q">“And I also say unto you, that + he is the door-keeper, and I will not gainsay him, but I desire, as + far as I know and am able, in all things to obey his laws, lest + haply when I come to the gates of the kingdom of Heaven, there + should be <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page201">[pg + 201]</span><a name="Pg201" id="Pg201" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + none to open them, he being my adversary who is proved to have the + keys.”</span> The king having said this, all who were seated there + or standing by, both great and small, gave their assent, and + renouncing the less perfect custom, hastened to conform to that + which they had found to be better.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc175" id="toc175"></a> <a name="pdf176" id="pdf176"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXVI" id="Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVI. How Colman, being + worsted, returned home; and Tuda succeeded him in the bishopric; + and of the state of the church under those teachers. [664</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The disputation + being ended, and the assembly broken up, Agilbert returned home. + Colman, perceiving that his doctrine was rejected, and his party + despised, took with him those who wished to follow him, to wit, + such as would not accept the Catholic Easter and the tonsure in the + form of a crown,<a id="noteref_476" name="noteref_476" href= + "#note_476"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">476</span></span></a> (for + there was no small dispute about that also,) and went back into + Scotland,<a id="noteref_477" name="noteref_477" href= + "#note_477"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">477</span></span></a> to + consult with his people what was to be done in this case. Cedd, + forsaking the practices of the Scots, returned to his bishopric, + having submitted to the Catholic observance of Easter. This debate + took place in the year of our Lord 664, which was the twenty-second + year of the reign of King Oswy, and the thirtieth of the episcopate + of the Scots among the English; for Aidan was bishop seventeen + years, Finan ten, and Colman three.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When Colman had + gone back into his own country, Tuda, the servant of Christ, was + made bishop of the Northumbrians<a id="noteref_478" name= + "noteref_478" href="#note_478"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">478</span></span></a> in + his place, having been instructed and ordained bishop among the + Southern Scots, having also the crown of the ecclesiastical + tonsure, according to the custom of that province, and observing + the Catholic rule with regard to the time of Easter.<a id= + "noteref_479" name="noteref_479" href="#note_479"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">479</span></span></a> He + was a good and religious man, but he governed the church a very + short time; he had come from Scotland<a id="noteref_480" name= + "noteref_480" href="#note_480"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">480</span></span></a> + whilst Colman was <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page202">[pg + 202]</span><a name="Pg202" id="Pg202" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + yet bishop, and, both by word and deed, diligently taught all men + those things that appertain to the faith and truth. But Eata,<a id= + "noteref_481" name="noteref_481" href="#note_481"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">481</span></span></a> who + was abbot of the monastery called Mailros,<a id="noteref_482" name= + "noteref_482" href="#note_482"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">482</span></span></a> a man + most reverend and gentle, was appointed abbot over the brethren + that chose to remain in the church of Lindisfarne, when the Scots + went away. It is said that Colman, upon his departure, requested + and obtained this of King Oswy, because Eata was one of Aidan's + twelve boys of the English nation,<a id="noteref_483" name= + "noteref_483" href="#note_483"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">483</span></span></a> whom + he received in the early years of his episcopate, to be instructed + in Christ; for the king greatly loved Bishop Colman on account of + his innate discretion. This is that Eata, who, not long after, was + made bishop of the same church of Lindisfarne. Colman carried home + with him part of the bones of the most reverend Father Aidan, and + left part of them in the church where he had presided, ordering + them to be interred in the sacristy.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The place which + they governed shows how frugal and temperate he and his + predecessors were, for there were very few houses besides the + church found at their departure; indeed, no more than were barely + sufficient to make civilized life possible; they had also no money, + but only cattle; for if they received any money from rich persons, + they immediately gave it to the poor; there being no need to gather + money, or provide houses for the entertainment of the great men of + the world; for such never resorted to the church, except to pray + and hear the Word of God. The king himself, when occasion required, + came only with five or six servants, and having performed his + devotions in the church, departed. But if they happened to take a + repast there, they were satisfied with the plain, daily food of the + brethren, and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page203">[pg + 203]</span><a name="Pg203" id="Pg203" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + required no more. For the whole care of those teachers was to serve + God, not the world—to feed the soul, and not the belly.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For this reason + the religious habit was at that time held in great veneration; so + that wheresoever any clerk or monk went, he was joyfully received + by all men, as God's servant; and even if they chanced to meet him + upon the way, they ran to him, and with bowed head, were glad to be + signed with the cross by his hand, or blessed by his lips. Great + attention was also paid to their exhortations; and on Sundays they + flocked eagerly to the church, or the monasteries, not to feed + their bodies, but to hear the Word of God; and if any priest + happened to come into a village, the inhabitants came together and + asked of him the Word of life; for the priests and clerks went to + the villages for no other reason than to preach, baptize, visit the + sick, and, in a word, to take care of souls; and they were so + purified from all taint of avarice, that none of them received + lands and possessions for building monasteries, unless they were + compelled to do so by the temporal authorities; which custom was + for some time after universally observed in the churches of the + Northumbrians. But enough has now been said on this subject.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc177" id="toc177"></a> <a name="pdf178" id="pdf178"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXVII" id="Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVII. How Egbert, a holy man + of the English nation, led a monastic life in Ireland. [664</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the same year + of our Lord 664, there happened an eclipse of the sun, on the third + day of May,<a id="noteref_484" name="noteref_484" href= + "#note_484"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">484</span></span></a> about + the tenth hour of the day. In the same year, a sudden + pestilence<a id="noteref_485" name="noteref_485" href= + "#note_485"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">485</span></span></a> + depopulated first the southern parts of <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page204">[pg 204]</span><a name="Pg204" id="Pg204" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Britain, and afterwards attacking the + province of the Northumbrians, ravaged the country far and near, + and destroyed a great multitude of men. By this plague the + aforesaid priest of the Lord, Tuda,<a id="noteref_486" name= + "noteref_486" href="#note_486"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">486</span></span></a> was + carried off, and was honourably buried in the monastery called + Paegnalaech.<a id="noteref_487" name="noteref_487" href= + "#note_487"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">487</span></span></a> + Moreover, this plague prevailed no less disastrously in the island + of Ireland. Many of the nobility, and of the lower ranks of the + English nation, were there at that time, who, in the days of the + Bishops Finan and Colman, forsaking their native island, retired + thither, either for the sake of sacred studies, or of a more + ascetic life; and some of them presently devoted themselves + faithfully to a monastic life, others chose rather to apply + themselves to study, going about from one master's cell to another. + The Scots willingly received them all, and took care to supply them + with daily food without cost, as also to furnish them with books + for their studies, and teaching free of charge.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Among these were + Ethelhun and Egbert,<a id="noteref_488" name="noteref_488" href= + "#note_488"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">488</span></span></a> two + youths of great capacity, of the English nobility. The former of + whom was brother to Ethelwin,<a id="noteref_489" name="noteref_489" + href="#note_489"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">489</span></span></a> a man + no less beloved by God, who also at a later time went over into + Ireland to study, and having been well instructed, returned into + his own country, and being made bishop in the province of Lindsey, + long and nobly governed the Church. These two being in the + monastery which in the language of the Scots is called + Rathmelsigi,<a id="noteref_490" name="noteref_490" href= + "#note_490"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">490</span></span></a> and + having lost all their companions, who were either cut off by the + plague, or dispersed into other places, were both seized by the + same sickness, and grievously afflicted. Of these, Egbert, (as I + was informed by a priest venerable for his <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page205">[pg 205]</span><a name="Pg205" id="Pg205" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> age, and of great veracity, who declared he + had heard the story from his own lips,) concluding that he was at + the point of death, went out of the chamber, where the sick lay, in + the morning, and sitting alone in a fitting place, began seriously + to reflect upon his past actions, and, being full of compunction at + the remembrance of his sins, bedewed his face with tears, and + prayed fervently to God that he might not die yet, before he could + forthwith more fully make amends for the careless offences which he + had committed in his boyhood and infancy, or might further exercise + himself in good works. He also made a vow that he would spend all + his life abroad and never return into the island of Britain, where + he was born; that besides singing the psalms at the canonical + hours, he would, unless prevented by bodily infirmity, repeat the + whole Psalter daily to the praise of God; and that he would every + week fast one whole day and night. Returning home, after his tears + and prayers and vows, he found his companion asleep; and going to + bed himself, he began to compose himself to rest. When he had lain + quiet awhile, his comrade awaking, looked on him, and said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Alas! Brother Egbert, what have you done? + I was in hopes that we should have entered together into life + everlasting; but know that your prayer is granted.”</span> For he + had learned in a vision what the other had requested, and that he + had obtained his request.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In brief, + Ethelhun died the next night; but Egbert, throwing off his + sickness, recovered and lived a long time after to grace the + episcopal office, which he received, by deeds worthy of it;<a id= + "noteref_491" name="noteref_491" href="#note_491"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">491</span></span></a> and + blessed with many virtues, according to his desire, lately, in the + year of our Lord 729, being ninety years of age, he departed to the + heavenly kingdom. He passed his life in great perfection of + humility, gentleness, continence, simplicity, and justice. Thus he + was a great benefactor, both to his own people, and to those + nations of the Scots and Picts among whom he lived in exile, by the + example of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page206">[pg + 206]</span><a name="Pg206" id="Pg206" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + his life, his earnestness in teaching, his authority in reproving, + and his piety in giving away of those things which he received from + the rich. He also added this to the vows which we have mentioned: + during Lent, he would eat but one meal a day, allowing himself + nothing but bread and thin milk, and even that by measure. The + milk, new the day before, he kept in a vessel, and skimming off the + cream in the morning, drank the rest, as has been said, with a + little bread. Which sort of abstinence he likewise always observed + forty days before the Nativity of our Lord, and as many after the + solemnity of Pentecost, that is, of the fifty days' festival.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc179" id="toc179"></a> <a name="pdf180" id="pdf180"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" id="Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVIII. How, when Tuda was + dead, Wilfrid was ordained, in Gaul, and Ceadda, among the West + Saxons, to be bishops for the province of the Northumbrians. + [664</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + King Alchfrid sent the priest, Wilfrid, to the king of Gaul,<a id= + "noteref_492" name="noteref_492" href="#note_492"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">492</span></span></a> in + order that he should cause him to be consecrated bishop for himself + and his people. That prince sent him to be ordained by + Agilbert,<a id="noteref_493" name="noteref_493" href= + "#note_493"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">493</span></span></a> of + whom we have before spoken, and who, having left Britain, was made + bishop of the city of Paris;<a id="noteref_494" name="noteref_494" + href="#note_494"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">494</span></span></a> and + by him Wilfrid was honourably consecrated, several bishops meeting + together for that purpose in a village belonging to the king, + called In Compendio.<a id="noteref_495" name="noteref_495" href= + "#note_495"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">495</span></span></a> He + stayed some <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page207">[pg + 207]</span><a name="Pg207" id="Pg207" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + time in the parts beyond the sea for his ordination, and King Oswy, + following the example of his son's zeal, sent into Kent a holy man, + of modest character, well read in the Scripture, and diligently + practising those things which he had learned therein, to be + ordained bishop of the church of York. This was a priest called + Ceadda,<a id="noteref_496" name="noteref_496" href= + "#note_496"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">496</span></span></a> + brother to the most reverend prelate Cedd, of whom mention has been + often made, and abbot of the monastery of Laestingaeu. With him the + king also sent his priest Eadhaed,<a id="noteref_497" name= + "noteref_497" href="#note_497"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">497</span></span></a> who + was afterwards, in the reign of Egfrid,<a id="noteref_498" name= + "noteref_498" href="#note_498"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">498</span></span></a> made + bishop of the church of Ripon. Now when they arrived in Kent, they + found that Archbishop Deusdedit had departed this life, and no + other bishop was as yet appointed in his place; whereupon they + betook themselves to the province of the West Saxons, where Wini + was bishop, and by him Ceadda was consecrated; two bishops of the + British nation, who kept Easter Sunday, as has been often said, + contrary to the canonical manner, from the fourteenth to the + twentieth moon, being called in to assist at the ordination; for at + that time there was no other bishop in all Britain canonically + ordained, except Wini.<a id="noteref_499" name="noteref_499" href= + "#note_499"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">499</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">So Ceadda, being + consecrated bishop, began immediately to labour for ecclesiastical + truth and purity of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page208">[pg + 208]</span><a name="Pg208" id="Pg208" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + doctrine; to apply himself to humility, self-denial, and study; to + travel about, not on horseback, but after the manner of the + Apostles, on foot, to preach the Gospel in towns, the open country, + cottages, villages, and castles; for he was one of the disciples of + Aidan, and endeavoured to instruct his people by the same manner of + life and character, after his and his own brother Cedd's example. + Wilfrid also having been now made a bishop, came into Britain, and + in like manner by his teaching brought into the English Church many + rules of Catholic observance. Whence it followed, that the Catholic + principles daily gained strength, and all the Scots that dwelt in + England either conformed to these, or returned into their own + country.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc181" id="toc181"></a> <a name="pdf182" id="pdf182"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXIX" id="Book_III_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIX. How the priest Wighard + was sent from Britain to Rome, to be ordained archbishop; of his + death there, and of the letters of the Apostolic Pope giving an + account thereof. [667</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time the + most noble kings of the English, Oswy, of the province of the + Northumbrians, and Egbert of Kent, consulted together to determine + what ought to be done about the state of the English Church, for + Oswy, though educated by the Scots, had rightly perceived that the + Roman was the Catholic and Apostolic Church. They selected, with + the consent and by the choice of the holy Church of the English + nation, a priest named Wighard,<a id="noteref_500" name= + "noteref_500" href="#note_500"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">500</span></span></a> one + of Bishop Deusdedit's clergy, a good man and fitted for the + episcopate, and sent him to Rome to be ordained bishop, to the end + that, having been raised to the rank of an archbishop, he might + ordain Catholic prelates for the Churches of the English nation + throughout all Britain. But Wighard, arriving at Rome, was cut off + by death, before he could be consecrated bishop, and the following + letter was sent back into Britain to King Oswy:—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To the most excellent lord, our son, Oswy, + king of the</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page209">[pg + 209]</span><a name="Pg209" id="Pg209" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic">Saxons, + Vitalian,</span><a id="noteref_501" name="noteref_501" href= + "#note_501"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; font-style: italic; vertical-align: super">501</span></span></a> + <span style="font-style: italic">bishop, servant of the servants of + God.</span></span> We have received to our comfort your + Excellency's letters; by reading whereof we are acquainted with + your most pious devotion and fervent love of the blessed life; and + know that by the protecting hand of God you have been converted to + the true and Apostolic faith, in hope that even as you reign in + your own nation, so you may hereafter reign with Christ. Blessed be + the nation, therefore, that has been found worthy to have as its + king one so wise and a worshipper of God; forasmuch as he is not + himself alone a worshipper of God, but also studies day and night + the conversion of all his subjects to the Catholic and Apostolic + faith, to the redemption of his own soul. Who would not rejoice at + hearing such glad tidings? Who would not exult and be joyful at + these good works? For your nation has believed in Christ the + Almighty God, according to the words of the Divine prophets, as it + is written in Isaiah, <span class="tei tei-q">‘In that day there + shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the + people; to it shall the Gentiles seek.’</span><a id="noteref_502" + name="noteref_502" href="#note_502"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">502</span></span></a> And + again, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Listen, O isles, unto me, and + hearken ye people from far.’</span><a id="noteref_503" name= + "noteref_503" href="#note_503"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">503</span></span></a> And a + little after, <span class="tei tei-q">‘It is a light thing that + thou shouldst be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to + restore the outcast of Israel. I have given thee for a light to the + Gentiles, that thou mayst be my salvation unto the end of the + earth.’</span><a id="noteref_504" name="noteref_504" href= + "#note_504"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">504</span></span></a> And + again, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Kings shall see, princes also shall + arise and worship.’</span><a id="noteref_505" name="noteref_505" + href="#note_505"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">505</span></span></a> And + immediately after, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I have given thee for a + covenant of the people, to establish the earth, and possess the + scattered heritages; that thou mayest say to the prisoners, Go + forth; to them that are in darkness, Show yourselves.’</span><a id= + "noteref_506" name="noteref_506" href="#note_506"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">506</span></span></a> And + again, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I the Lord have called thee in + righteousness, and have held thine hand, and have kept thee, and + have given thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the + Gentiles; to open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoner from + the prison, and them that sit in darkness from the + prison-house.’</span><a id="noteref_507" name="noteref_507" href= + "#note_507"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">507</span></span></a></span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page210">[pg 210]</span><a name="Pg210" id="Pg210" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Behold, most excellent son, how it is plain as day + that it was prophesied not only of you, but also of all the + nations, that they should believe in Christ, the Creator of all + things. Wherefore it behoves your Highness, as being a member of + Christ, in all things continually to follow the pious rule of the + chief of the Apostles, in celebrating Easter, and in all things + delivered by the holy Apostles, Peter and Paul, whose doctrine + daily enlightens the hearts of believers, even as the two lights of + heaven illumine the world.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And after some + lines, wherein he speaks of celebrating the true Easter uniformly + throughout all the world,—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Finally,”</span> he adds, <span class="tei tei-q">“we + have not been able now, on account of the length of the journey, to + find a man, apt to teach, and qualified in all respects to be a + bishop, according to the tenor of your letters.<a id="noteref_508" + name="noteref_508" href="#note_508"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">508</span></span></a> But, + assuredly, as soon as such a fit person shall be found, we will + send him well instructed to your country, that he may, by word of + mouth, and through the Divine oracles, with the blessing of God, + root out all the enemy's tares throughout your island. We have + received the presents sent by your Highness to the blessed chief of + the Apostles, for an eternal memorial of him, and return you + thanks, and always pray for your safety with the clergy of Christ. + But he that brought these presents has been removed out of this + world, and is buried at the threshold of the Apostles, for whom we + have been much grieved, because he died here. Nevertheless, we have + caused the blessed gifts of the saints, that is, the relics of the + blessed Apostles, Peter and Paul, and of the holy martyrs, + Laurentius, John, and Paul, and Gregory, and Pancratius,<a id= + "noteref_509" name="noteref_509" href="#note_509"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">509</span></span></a> to be + given to your servants, the bearers of <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page211">[pg 211]</span><a name="Pg211" id="Pg211" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> these our letters, to be by them delivered to + your Excellency. And to your consort<a id="noteref_510" name= + "noteref_510" href="#note_510"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">510</span></span></a> also, + our spiritual daughter, we have by the aforesaid bearers sent a + cross, with a gold key to it, made out of the most holy chains of + the blessed Apostles, Peter and Paul; for, hearing of her pious + zeal, all the Apostolic see rejoices with us, even as her pious + works smell sweet and blossom before God.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“We therefore desire that your Highness should hasten, + according to our wish, to dedicate all your island to Christ our + God; for assuredly you have for your Protector, the Redeemer of + mankind, our Lord Jesus Christ, Who will prosper you in all things, + that you may gather together a new people of Christ, establishing + there the Catholic and Apostolic faith. For it is written, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His + righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto + you.’</span><a id="noteref_511" name="noteref_511" href= + "#note_511"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">511</span></span></a> Truly + your Highness seeks, and shall obtain, and all your islands shall + be made subject to you, even as we desire. Saluting your Excellency + with fatherly affection, we never cease to pray to the Divine + Goodness, to vouchsafe to assist you and yours in all good works, + that you may reign with Christ in the world to come. May the + Heavenly Grace preserve your Excellency in safety!”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the next book + we shall have a more suitable occasion to show who was selected and + consecrated in Wighard's place.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page212">[pg 212]</span><a name= + "Pg212" id="Pg212" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc183" id="toc183"></a> <a name="pdf184" id="pdf184"></a> + <a name="Book_III_Chap_XXX" id="Book_III_Chap_XXX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXX. How the East Saxons, + during a pestilence, returned to idolatry, but were soon brought + back from their error by the zeal of Bishop Jaruman. [665</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At the same + time, the Kings Sighere and Sebbi,<a id="noteref_512" name= + "noteref_512" href="#note_512"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">512</span></span></a> + though themselves subject to Wulfhere, king of the Mercians, + governed the province of the East Saxons after Suidhelm, of whom we + have spoken above.<a id="noteref_513" name="noteref_513" href= + "#note_513"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">513</span></span></a> When + that province was suffering from the aforesaid disastrous plague, + Sighere, with his part of the people, forsook the mysteries of the + Christian faith, and turned apostate. For the king himself, and + many of the commons and nobles, loving this life, and not seeking + after another, or even not believing in any other, began to restore + the temples that had been abandoned, and to adore idols, as if they + might by those means be protected against the plague. But Sebbi, + his companion and co-heir in the kingdom, with all his people, very + devoutly preserved the faith which he had received, and, as we + shall show hereafter, ended his faithful life in great + felicity.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Wulfhere, + hearing that the faith of the province was in part profaned, sent + Bishop Jaruman,<a id="noteref_514" name="noteref_514" href= + "#note_514"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">514</span></span></a> who + was successor to Trumhere, to correct their error, and recall the + province to the true faith. He acted with much discretion, as I was + informed by a priest who bore him company in that journey, and had + been his fellow labourer in the Word, for he was a religious and + good man, and travelling through all the country, far and near, + brought back both the people and the aforesaid king to the way of + righteousness, so that, either forsaking or destroying the temples + and altars which they had erected, they opened the churches, and + gladly confessed the Name of Christ, which they had opposed, + choosing rather to die in the faith of resurrection in Him, than to + live in the abominations of unbelief among their idols. Having thus + accomplished their works, the priests and teachers returned home + with joy.</p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page213">[pg 213]</span><a name= + "Pg213" id="Pg213" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc185" id="toc185"></a> <a name="pdf186" id="pdf186"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Book IV</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc187" id="toc187"></a> <a name="pdf188" id="pdf188"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_I" id="Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. I. How when Deusdedit died, + Wighard was sent to Rome to receive the episcopate; but he dying + there, Theodore was ordained archbishop, and sent into Britain with + the Abbot Hadrian. [664-669</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the + above-mentioned year of the aforesaid eclipse<a id="noteref_515" + name="noteref_515" href="#note_515"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">515</span></span></a> and + of the pestilence which followed it immediately, in which also + Bishop Colman, being overcome by the united effort of the + Catholics, returned home,<a id="noteref_516" name="noteref_516" + href="#note_516"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">516</span></span></a> + Deusdedit,<a id="noteref_517" name="noteref_517" href= + "#note_517"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">517</span></span></a> the + sixth bishop of the church of Canterbury, died on the 14th of July. + Earconbert,<a id="noteref_518" name="noteref_518" href= + "#note_518"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">518</span></span></a> also, + king of Kent, departed this life the same month and day; leaving + his kingdom to his son Egbert, who held it for nine years. The see + then became vacant for no small time, until, the priest + Wighard,<a id="noteref_519" name="noteref_519" href= + "#note_519"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">519</span></span></a> a man + of great learning in the teaching of the Church, of the English + race, was sent to Rome by King Egbert and Oswy, king of the + Northumbrians, as was briefly mentioned in the foregoing + book,<a id="noteref_520" name="noteref_520" href= + "#note_520"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">520</span></span></a> with + a request that he might be ordained Archbishop of the Church of + England; and at the same time presents were sent to the Apostolic + pope, and many vessels of gold and silver. Arriving at Rome, where + Vitalian<a id="noteref_521" name="noteref_521" href= + "#note_521"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">521</span></span></a> + presided at that time over the Apostolic see, and having made known + to the aforesaid Apostolic pope the occasion of his journey, he was + not long after carried off, with almost all his companions who had + come with him, by a pestilence which fell upon them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But the + Apostolic pope having consulted about that matter, made diligent + inquiry for some one to send to be <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page214">[pg 214]</span><a name="Pg214" id="Pg214" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> archbishop of the English Churches. There was + then in the monastery of Niridanum, which is not far from Naples in + Campania, an abbot called Hadrian,<a id="noteref_522" name= + "noteref_522" href="#note_522"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">522</span></span></a> by + nation an African, well versed in Holy Scripture, trained in + monastic and ecclesiastical teaching, and excellently skilled both + in the Greek and Latin tongues. The pope, sending for him, + commanded him to accept the bishopric and go to Britain. He + answered, that he was unworthy of so great a dignity, but said that + he could name another, whose learning and age were fitter for the + episcopal office. He proposed to the pope a certain monk named + Andrew, belonging to a neighbouring nunnery<a id="noteref_523" + name="noteref_523" href="#note_523"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">523</span></span></a> and + he was by all that knew him judged worthy of a bishopric; but the + weight of bodily infirmity prevented him from becoming a bishop. + Then again Hadrian was urged to accept the episcopate; but he + desired a respite, to see whether in time he could find another to + be ordained bishop.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was at + that time in Rome, a monk, called Theodore,<a id="noteref_524" + name="noteref_524" href="#note_524"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">524</span></span></a> known + to Hadrian, born at Tarsus in Cilicia, a man instructed in secular + and Divine writings, as also in Greek and Latin; of high character + and venerable age, being sixty-six years old. Hadrian proposed him + to the pope to be ordained bishop, and prevailed; but upon the + condition that he should himself conduct him into Britain, because + he had already travelled through Gaul twice upon different + occasions, and was, therefore, better acquainted with the way, and + was, moreover, sufficiently provided with men of his own; as also, + to the end that, being his fellow labourer in teaching, he might + take special care that Theodore should not, according to the custom + of the Greeks, introduce any thing contrary to the truth of the + faith into the Church where he presided.<a id="noteref_525" name= + "noteref_525" href="#note_525"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">525</span></span></a> + Theodore, being ordained subdeacon, waited four months for his hair + to grow, that it might be shorn into the shape of a <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page215">[pg 215]</span><a name="Pg215" id="Pg215" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> crown; for he had before the tonsure of + St. Paul,<a id="noteref_526" name="noteref_526" href= + "#note_526"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">526</span></span></a> the + Apostle, after the manner of the eastern people. He was ordained by + Pope Vitalian, in the year of our Lord 668, on Sunday, the 26th of + March, and on the 27th of May was sent with Hadrian to + Britain.<a id="noteref_527" name="noteref_527" href= + "#note_527"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">527</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">They proceeded + together by sea to Marseilles, and thence by land to Arles, and + having there delivered to John, archbishop of that city,<a id= + "noteref_528" name="noteref_528" href="#note_528"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">528</span></span></a> Pope + Vitalian's letters of recommendation, were by him detained till + Ebroin,<a id="noteref_529" name="noteref_529" href= + "#note_529"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">529</span></span></a> the + king's mayor of the palace, gave them leave to go where they + pleased. Having received the same, Theodore went to Agilbert, + bishop of Paris,<a id="noteref_530" name="noteref_530" href= + "#note_530"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">530</span></span></a> of + whom we have spoken above, and was by him kindly received, and long + entertained. But Hadrian went first to Emme, Bishop of the + Senones,<a id="noteref_531" name="noteref_531" href= + "#note_531"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">531</span></span></a> and + then to Faro,<a id="noteref_532" name="noteref_532" href= + "#note_532"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">532</span></span></a> + bishop of the Meldi, and lived in comfort with them a considerable + time; for the approach of winter had obliged them to rest wherever + they could. King Egbert, being informed by sure messengers that the + bishop they had asked of the Roman prelate was in the kingdom of + the Franks, sent thither his reeve,<a id="noteref_533" name= + "noteref_533" href="#note_533"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">533</span></span></a> + Raedfrid, to conduct him. He, having arrived there, with Ebroin's + leave took Theodore and conveyed him to the port called + Quentavic;<a id="noteref_534" name="noteref_534" href= + "#note_534"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">534</span></span></a> + where, falling sick, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page216">[pg + 216]</span><a name="Pg216" id="Pg216" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + he stayed some time, and as soon as he began to recover, sailed + over into Britain. But Ebroin detained Hadrian, suspecting that he + went on some mission from the Emperor to the kings of Britain, to + the prejudice of the kingdom of which he at that time had the chief + charge; however, when he found that in truth he had never had any + such commission, he discharged him, and permitted him to follow + Theodore. As soon as he came to him, Theodore gave him the + monastery of the blessed Peter the Apostle,<a id="noteref_535" + name="noteref_535" href="#note_535"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">535</span></span></a> where + the archbishops of Canterbury are wont to be buried, as I have said + before; for at his departure, the Apostolic lord had enjoined upon + Theodore that he should provide for him in his province, and give + him a suitable place to live in with his followers.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc189" id="toc189"></a> <a name="pdf190" id="pdf190"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_II" id="Book_IV_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. II. How Theodore visited all + places; how the Churches of the English began to be instructed in + the study of Holy Scripture, and in the Catholic truth; and how + Putta was made bishop of the Church of Rochester in the room of + Damianus. [669</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Theodore came to + his Church in the second year after his consecration, on Sunday, + the 27th of May, and spent in it twenty-one years, three months, + and twenty-six days. Soon after, he visited all the island, + wherever the tribes of the English dwelt, for he was gladly + received and heard by all persons; and everywhere attended and + assisted by Hadrian, he taught the right rule of life, and the + canonical custom of celebrating Easter. This was the first + archbishop whom all the English Church consented to obey. And + forasmuch as both of them were, as has been said before, fully + instructed both in sacred and in secular letters, they gathered a + crowd of disciples, and rivers of wholesome knowledge daily flowed + from them to water the hearts of their hearers; and, together with + the books of Holy Scripture, they also taught them <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page217">[pg 217]</span><a name="Pg217" id="Pg217" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the metrical art, astronomy, and + ecclesiastical arithmetic. A testimony whereof is, that there are + still living at this day some of their scholars, who are as well + versed in the Greek and Latin tongues as in their own, in which + they were born. Nor were there ever happier times since the English + came into Britain; for having brave Christian kings, they were a + terror to all barbarous nations, and the minds of all men were bent + upon the joys of the heavenly kingdom of which they had but lately + heard; and all who desired to be instructed in sacred studies had + masters at hand to teach them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">From that time + also they began in all the churches of the English to learn Church + music, which till then had been only known in Kent. And, excepting + James, of whom we have spoken above,<a id="noteref_536" name= + "noteref_536" href="#note_536"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">536</span></span></a> the + first teacher of singing in the churches of the Northumbrians was + Eddi, surnamed Stephen,<a id="noteref_537" name="noteref_537" href= + "#note_537"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">537</span></span></a> + invited from Kent by the most reverend Wilfrid, who was the first + of the bishops of the English nation that learned to deliver to the + churches of the English the Catholic manner of life.<a id= + "noteref_538" name="noteref_538" href="#note_538"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">538</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Theodore, + journeying through all parts, ordained bishops in fitting places, + and with their assistance corrected such things as he found faulty. + Among the rest, when he charged Bishop Ceadda with not having been + duly consecrated,<a id="noteref_539" name="noteref_539" href= + "#note_539"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">539</span></span></a> he, + with great humility, answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“If you know + that I have not duly received episcopal ordination, I willingly + resign the office, for I never thought myself worthy of it; but, + though unworthy, for obedience sake I submitted, when bidden to + undertake it.”</span> Theodore, hearing his humble answer, said + that he should not resign the bishopric, and he himself completed + his ordination after the Catholic manner. Now at the time when + Deusdedit died, and a bishop for the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page218">[pg 218]</span><a name="Pg218" id="Pg218" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> church of Canterbury was by request ordained + and sent, Wilfrid was also sent from Britain into Gaul to be + ordained; and because he returned before Theodore, he ordained + priests and deacons in Kent till the archbishop should come to his + see. But when Theodore came to the city of Rochester, where the + bishopric had been long vacant by the death of Damian,<a id= + "noteref_540" name="noteref_540" href="#note_540"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">540</span></span></a> he + ordained a man named Putta,<a id="noteref_541" name="noteref_541" + href="#note_541"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">541</span></span></a> + trained rather in the teaching of the Church and more addicted to + simplicity of life than active in worldly affairs, but specially + skilful in Church music, after the Roman use, which he had learned + from the disciples of the blessed Pope Gregory.<a id="noteref_542" + name="noteref_542" href="#note_542"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">542</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc191" id="toc191"></a> <a name="pdf192" id="pdf192"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_III" id="Book_IV_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. III. How the above-mentioned + Ceadda was made Bishop of the province of Mercians. Of his life, + death, and burial. [669</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time, + the province of the Mercians was governed by King Wulfhere, who, on + the death of Jaruman,<a id="noteref_543" name="noteref_543" href= + "#note_543"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">543</span></span></a> + desired of Theodore that a bishop should be given to him and his + people; but Theodore would not ordain a new one for them, but + requested of King Oswy that Ceadda might be their bishop. He then + lived in retirement at his monastery, which is at + Laestingaeu,<a id="noteref_544" name="noteref_544" href= + "#note_544"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">544</span></span></a> while + Wilfrid administered the bishopric of York, and of all <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page219">[pg 219]</span><a name="Pg219" id="Pg219" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the Northumbrians, and likewise of the + Picts, as far as King Oswy was able to extend his dominions. And, + seeing that it was the custom of that most reverend prelate to go + about the work of the Gospel everywhere on foot rather than on + horseback, Theodore commanded him to ride whenever he had a long + journey to undertake; and finding him very unwilling, in his zeal + and love for his pious labour, he himself, with his own hands, + lifted him on horseback; for he knew him to be a holy man, and + therefore obliged him to ride wherever he had need to go. Ceadda + having received the bishopric of the Mercians and of Lindsey,<a id= + "noteref_545" name="noteref_545" href="#note_545"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">545</span></span></a> took + care to administer it with great perfection of life, according to + the example of the ancient fathers. King Wulfhere also gave him + land of the extent of fifty families, to build a monastery, at the + place called Ad Barvae,<a id="noteref_546" name="noteref_546" href= + "#note_546"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">546</span></span></a> or + <span class="tei tei-q">“At the Wood,”</span> in the province of + Lindsey, wherein traces of the monastic life instituted by him + continue to this day.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He had his + episcopal see in the place called Lyccidfelth,<a id="noteref_547" + name="noteref_547" href="#note_547"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">547</span></span></a> in + which he also died, and was buried, and where the see of the + succeeding bishops of that province continues to this day. He had + built himself a retired habitation not far from the church, wherein + he was wont to pray and read in private, with a few, it might be + seven or eight of the brethren, as often as he had any spare + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page220">[pg 220]</span><a name= + "Pg220" id="Pg220" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> time from the labour + and ministry of the Word. When he had most gloriously governed the + church in that province for two years and a half, the Divine + Providence so ordaining, there came round a season like that of + which Ecclesiastes says, <span class="tei tei-q">“That there is a + time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones + together;”</span><a id="noteref_548" name="noteref_548" href= + "#note_548"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">548</span></span></a> for a + plague fell upon them, sent from Heaven, which, by means of the + death of the flesh, translated the living stones of the Church from + their earthly places to the heavenly building. And when, after many + of the Church of that most reverend prelate had been taken away out + of the flesh, his hour also drew near wherein he was to pass out of + this world to the Lord, it happened one day that he was in the + aforesaid habitation with only one brother, called Owini,<a id= + "noteref_549" name="noteref_549" href="#note_549"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">549</span></span></a> his + other companions having upon some due occasion returned to the + church. Now Owini was a monk of great merit, having forsaken the + world with the sole desire of the heavenly reward; worthy in all + respects to have the secrets of the Lord revealed to him in special + wise, and worthy to have credit given by his hearers to what he + said. For he had come with Queen Ethelthryth<a id="noteref_550" + name="noteref_550" href="#note_550"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">550</span></span></a> from + the province of the East Angles, and was the chief of her thegns, + and governor of her house. As the fervour of his faith increased, + resolving to renounce the secular life, he did not go about it + slothfully, but so entirely forsook the things of this world, that, + quitting all that he had, clad in a plain garment, and carrying an + axe and hatchet in his hand, he came to the monastery of the same + most reverend father, which is called Laestingaeu. He said that he + was not entering the monastery in order to live in idleness, as + some do, but to labour; which he also confirmed by practice; for as + he was less capable of studying the Scriptures, the more earnestly + he applied himself to <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page221">[pg + 221]</span><a name="Pg221" id="Pg221" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the labour of his hands. So then, forasmuch as he was reverent and + devout, he was kept by the bishop in the aforesaid habitation with + the brethren, and whilst they were engaged within in reading, he + was without, doing such things as were necessary.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">One day, when he + was thus employed abroad, his companions having gone to the church, + as I began to tell, and the bishop was alone reading or praying in + the oratory of that place, on a sudden, as he afterwards said, he + heard a sweet sound of singing and rejoicing descend from heaven to + earth. This sound he said he first heard coming from the sky in the + south-east, above the winter sunrise, and that afterwards it drew + near him gradually, till it came to the roof of the oratory where + the bishop was, and entering therein, filled all the place and + encompassed it about. He listened attentively to what he heard, and + after about half an hour, perceived the same song of joy to ascend + from the roof of the said oratory, and to return to heaven in the + same way as it came, with unspeakable sweetness. When he had stood + some time amazed, and earnestly considering in his mind what this + might be, the bishop opened the window of the oratory, and making a + sound with his hand, as he was often wont to do, bade anyone who + might be without to come in to him. He went hastily in, and the + bishop said to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Make haste to the + church, and cause those seven brothers to come hither, and do you + come with them.”</span> When they were come, he first admonished + them to preserve the virtue of love and peace among themselves, and + towards all the faithful; and with unwearied earnestness to follow + the rules of monastic discipline, which they had either been taught + by him, and had seen him observe, or had found in the words and + actions of the former fathers. Then he added that the day of his + death was at hand; for, said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“that + gracious guest, who was wont to visit our brethren, has vouchsafed + also to come to me this day, and to call me out of this world. + Return, therefore, to the church, and speak to the brethren, that + in their prayers they commend my departure to the Lord, and that + they be <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page222">[pg + 222]</span><a name="Pg222" id="Pg222" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + mindful to prepare for their own, the hour whereof is uncertain, by + watching, and prayer, and good works.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When he had + spoken thus much and more to the same end, and they, having + received his blessing, had gone away in great sorrow, he who had + heard the heavenly song returned alone, and prostrating himself on + the ground, said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I beseech you, father, + may I be permitted to ask a question?”</span>—<span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ask what you will,”</span> answered the bishop. Then + he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I beseech you to tell me what was + that song which I heard as of a joyful company coming from heaven + upon this oratory, and after some time returning to heaven?”</span> + The bishop answered: <span class="tei tei-q">“If you heard the + singing, and know of the coming of the heavenly company, I command + you, in the Name of the Lord, that you tell it not to any before my + death. But in truth they were angelic spirits, who came to call me + to my heavenly reward, which I have always loved and longed after, + and they promised that they would return seven days hence, and take + me away with them.”</span> Which was indeed fulfilled, as had been + said to him; for being presently seized with bodily infirmity, and + the same daily increasing, on the seventh day, as had been promised + to him, when he had prepared for death by receiving the Body and + Blood of our Lord, his saintly soul being delivered from the prison + of the body, led, as may justly be believed, by the attendant + angels, he departed to the joys of Heaven.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is no wonder + that he joyfully beheld the day of his death, or rather the day of + the Lord, the coming whereof he had always been mindful to await + with earnest expectation. For with all his merits of continence, + humility, teaching, prayer, voluntary poverty, and other virtues, + he was so filled with the fear of the Lord, so mindful of his + latter end in all his actions, that, as I was wont to hear from one + of the brothers who instructed me in the Scriptures, and who had + been bred in his monastery, and under his direction, whose name was + Trumbert, if it happened that there blew a sudden strong gust of + wind, when he was reading or doing any other thing, he forthwith + called upon the Lord for mercy, and begged <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page223">[pg 223]</span><a name="Pg223" id="Pg223" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> that it might be granted to all mankind. If + the wind grew stronger, he closed his book, and fell on his face, + praying still more earnestly. But, if a violent storm of wind or + rain came on, or if the earth and air were filled with the terror + of thunder and lightning, he would go to the church, and anxiously + devote himself with all his heart to prayers and psalms till the + weather became calm. Being asked by his brethren why he did so, he + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Have not you read—<span class= + "tei tei-q">‘The Lord also thundered in the heavens, and the + Highest gave his voice. Yea, he sent out his arrows and scattered + them; and he shot out lightnings, and discomfited + them.’</span><a id="noteref_551" name="noteref_551" href= + "#note_551"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">551</span></span></a> For + the Lord moves the air, raises the winds, hurls lightning, and + thunders from heaven, to rouse the inhabitants of the earth to fear + him; to put them in mind of judgement to come; to dispel their + pride, and confound their boldness, by recalling to their thoughts + that dread time, when the heavens and the earth being on fire, He + will come in the clouds, with great power and majesty, to judge the + quick and the dead. Wherefore,”</span> said he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“it behoves us to respond to His heavenly admonition + with due fear and love; that, as often as the air is moved and He + puts forth His hand threatening to strike, but does not yet let it + fall, we may immediately implore His mercy; and searching the + recesses of our hearts, and casting out the dregs of our sins, we + may carefully so act that we may never deserve to be struck + down.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">With this + revelation and narrative of the aforesaid brother, concerning the + death of this prelate, agrees the account of the most reverend + Father Egbert, above spoken of,<a id="noteref_552" name= + "noteref_552" href="#note_552"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">552</span></span></a> who + long and zealously led a monastic life with the same Ceadda, when + both were youths, in Ireland, in prayer and self-denial and + meditation on the Holy Scriptures. But whereas Ceadda afterwards + returned into his own country, Egbert continued to live abroad for + the Lord's sake till the end of his life. A long time after, + Hygbald, a man of great holiness and continence, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page224">[pg 224]</span><a name="Pg224" id="Pg224" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> who was an abbot in the province of + Lindsey,<a id="noteref_553" name="noteref_553" href= + "#note_553"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">553</span></span></a> came + from Britain to visit him, and whilst, as became holy men, they + were discoursing of the life of the former fathers, and rejoicing + to imitate the same, mention was made of the most reverend prelate, + Ceadda; whereupon Egbert said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I know a + man in this island, still in the flesh, who, when Ceadda passed + away from this world, saw the soul of his brother Cedd, with a + company of angels, descending from heaven, who, having taken + Ceadda's soul along with them, returned again to the heavenly + kingdom.”</span> Whether he said this of himself, or some other, we + do not certainly know; but because it was said by so great a man, + there can be no doubt of the truth thereof.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Ceadda died on + the 2nd of March,<a id="noteref_554" name="noteref_554" href= + "#note_554"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">554</span></span></a> and + was first buried by St. Mary's Church, but afterwards, when the + church of the most blessed chief of the Apostles, Peter, was built + in the same place, his bones were translated into it. In both which + places, as a testimony of his virtue, frequent miracles of healing + are wont to be wrought. And of late, a certain man that had a + frenzy, wandering about everywhere, arrived there in the evening, + unperceived or disregarded by the keepers of the place, and having + rested there the whole of the night, came forth in his right mind + the next morning, to the surprise and joy of all, and told what a + cure had been wrought on him through the goodness of God. The place + of the sepulchre is a wooden monument, made like a little house, + covered, having a hole in the wall, through which those that go + thither for devotion are wont to put in their hand and take out + some of the dust. This they put into water and give to sick cattle + or men to drink, whereupon they are presently eased of their + infirmity, and restored to their desired health.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In his place, + Theodore ordained Wynfrid,<a id="noteref_555" name="noteref_555" + href="#note_555"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">555</span></span></a> a man + of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page225">[pg 225]</span><a name= + "Pg225" id="Pg225" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> good and sober life, + to preside, like his predecessors, over the bishoprics of the + Mercians, the Midland Angles, and Lindsey, of all which, Wulfhere, + who was still living, was king. Wynfrid was one of the clergy of + the prelate he succeeded, and had for no small time filled the + office of deacon under him.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc193" id="toc193"></a> <a name="pdf194" id="pdf194"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_IV" id="Book_IV_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IV. How Bishop Colman, having + left Britain, built two monasteries in the country of the Scots; + the one for the Scots, the other for the English whom he had taken + along with him. [667</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + Colman, the Scottish bishop, departing from Britain,<a id= + "noteref_556" name="noteref_556" href="#note_556"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">556</span></span></a> took + along with him all the Scots whom he had gathered about him in the + isle of Lindisfarne, and also about thirty of the English nation, + for both these companies had been trained in duties of the monastic + life; and leaving some brothers in his church, he went first to the + isle of Hii,<a id="noteref_557" name="noteref_557" href= + "#note_557"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">557</span></span></a> + whence he had been sent to preach the Word of God to the English + nation. Afterwards he retired to a small island, which is to the + west of Ireland, and at some distance from it, called in the + language of the Scots, Inisboufinde,<a id="noteref_558" name= + "noteref_558" href="#note_558"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">558</span></span></a> the + Island of the White Heifer. Arriving there, he built a monastery, + and placed in it the monks he had brought of both nations. But they + could not agree among themselves, by reason that the Scots, in the + summer season, when the harvest was to be brought in, leaving the + monastery, wandered about through places known to them; but + returned again the next winter, and desired to use in common what + the English had provided. Colman sought to put an end to this + dissension, and travelling about far and near, he found a place in + the island of Ireland fitted to be the site of a monastery, which, + in the language of the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page226">[pg + 226]</span><a name="Pg226" id="Pg226" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Scots, is called Mageo.<a id="noteref_559" name="noteref_559" href= + "#note_559"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">559</span></span></a> He + bought a small part of it of the chief to whom it belonged, to + build his monastery thereon; upon condition, that the monks + dwelling there should pray to the Lord for him who let them have + the place. Then at once building a monastery, with the assistance + of the chief and all the neighbouring people, he placed the English + there, leaving the Scots in the aforesaid island. This monastery is + to this day occupied by English inhabitants; being the same that, + grown from a small beginning to be very large, is commonly called + Muigeo; and as all have long since been brought to adopt better + customs, it contains a notable society of monks, who are gathered + there from the province of the English, and live by the labour of + their own hands, after the example of the venerable fathers, under + a rule and a canonical abbot, in much continence and singleness of + life.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc195" id="toc195"></a> <a name="pdf196" id="pdf196"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_V" id="Book_IV_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. V. Of the death of the kings + Oswy and Egbert, and of the synod held at the place + Herutford,</span><a id="noteref_560" name="noteref_560" href= + "#note_560"><span class="tei tei-noteref" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">560</span></span></a> + <span style="font-size: 144%">in which Archbishop Theodore + presided. [670-673</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 670,<a id="noteref_561" name="noteref_561" href= + "#note_561"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">561</span></span></a> being + the second year after Theodore arrived in England, Oswy, king of + the Northumbrians, fell sick, and died, in the fifty-eighth year of + his age.<a id="noteref_562" name="noteref_562" href= + "#note_562"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">562</span></span></a> He at + that time bore so great affection to the Roman Apostolic usages, + that he had designed, if he recovered from his sickness, to go to + Rome, and there <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page227">[pg + 227]</span><a name="Pg227" id="Pg227" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to end his days at the holy places, having asked Bishop Wilfrid, + with a promise of no small gift of money, to conduct him on his + journey. He died on the 15th of February, leaving his son + Egfrid<a id="noteref_563" name="noteref_563" href= + "#note_563"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">563</span></span></a> his + successor in the kingdom. In the third year of his reign, Theodore + assembled a council of bishops, along with many other teachers of + the church, who loved and were acquainted with the canonical + statutes of the fathers. When they were met together, he began, in + the spirit which became a bishop, to enjoin the observance of such + things as were in accordance with the unity and the peace of the + Church. The purport of the proceedings of this synod is as + follows:—<a id="noteref_564" name="noteref_564" href= + "#note_564"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">564</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“In the name of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ, + Who reigns for ever and governs His Church, it was thought meet + that we should assemble, according to the custom prescribed in the + venerable canons, to treat about the necessary affairs of the + Church. We met on the 24th day of September, the first + indiction,<a id="noteref_565" name="noteref_565" href= + "#note_565"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">565</span></span></a> at + the place which is called Herutford: I, Theodore, albeit unworthy, + appointed by the Apostolic see bishop of the church of Canterbury; + our fellow priest and brother, the most reverend Bisi, bishop of + the East Angles; and with <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page228">[pg + 228]</span><a name="Pg228" id="Pg228" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + us also our brother and fellow priest, Wilfrid, bishop of the + nation of the Northumbrians, represented by his proxies. There were + present also our brothers and fellow priests, Putta, bishop of the + Kentish castle, called Rochester; Leutherius, bishop of the West + Saxons, and Wynfrid, bishop of the province of the Mercians.<a id= + "noteref_566" name="noteref_566" href="#note_566"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">566</span></span></a> When + we were all met together, and had sat down in order, I said, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘I beseech you, most dear brothers, for the + fear and love of our Redeemer, that we may all treat in common on + behalf of our faith; to the end that whatsoever has been decreed + and defined by holy and approved fathers, may be inviolably + observed by all of us.’</span> This and much more I spoke tending + to charity and the preservation of the unity of the Church; and + when I had ended my preface, I asked every one of them in order, + whether they consented to observe the things that had been of old + canonically decreed by the fathers? To which all our fellow priests + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Most assuredly we are all + resolved to observe willingly and heartily whatsoever is laid down + in the canons of the holy fathers.’</span> Then forthwith I + produced the said book of canons,<a id="noteref_567" name= + "noteref_567" href="#note_567"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">567</span></span></a> and + in the presence of them all showed ten articles in the same, which + I had marked in several places, because I knew them to be of the + most importance to us, and entreated that these might be most + particularly received by them all.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Article I. That we all in common keep the holy day of + Easter on the Sunday after the fourteenth moon of the first + month.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“II. That no bishop intrude into the diocese of + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page229">[pg 229]</span><a name= + "Pg229" id="Pg229" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> another, but be + satisfied with the government of the people committed to + him.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“III. That it shall not be lawful for any bishop to + disturb in any matter monasteries dedicated to God, nor to take + away forcibly any part of their property.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“IV. That the monks themselves do not move from one + place to another, that is, from monastery to monastery, unless with + the consent of their own abbot; but that they continue in the + obedience which they promised at the time of their + conversion.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“V. That no clerk, forsaking his own bishop, shall + wander about, or be anywhere received without commendatory letters + from his diocesan. But if he shall be once received, and will not + return when summoned, both the receiver, and he that is received + shall be under excommunication.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“VI. That bishops and clergy, when travelling, shall be + content with the hospitality that is afforded them; and that it be + not lawful for any one of them to exercise any priestly function + without leave of the bishop in whose diocese he is known to + be.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“VII. That a synod be assembled twice a year; but on + account of divers hindrances, it was approved by all, that we + should meet once a year, on the 1st of August, at the place called + Clofeshoch.<a id="noteref_568" name="noteref_568" href= + "#note_568"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">568</span></span></a></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“VIII. That no bishop, through ambition, shall set + himself above another; but that they shall all observe the time and + order of their consecration.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“IX. The ninth Article was discussed in common, to the + effect that more bishops should be made, as the number of the + faithful increased; but this matter for the present was passed + over.<a id="noteref_569" name="noteref_569" href= + "#note_569"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">569</span></span></a></span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page230">[pg 230]</span><a name="Pg230" id="Pg230" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“X. Of marriages; that nothing be allowed but lawful + wedlock; that none commit incest; no man leave his own wife, except + it be, as the holy Gospel teaches, for fornication. And if any man + shall put away his own wife, lawfully joined to him in matrimony, + that he take no other, if he wishes to be a true Christian, but + continue as he is, or else be reconciled to his own + wife.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“These articles being thus discussed and defined in + common, to the end, that for the future, no stumbling-block of + contention might arise from any one of us, or that things be + falsely set forth, it was thought fit that every one of us should, + by the subscription of his own hand, confirm all the particulars so + defined. Which judgement, as defined by us, I dictated to be + written by Titillus our notary. Given in the month and indiction + aforesaid. Whosoever, therefore, shall attempt in any way to oppose + or infringe this decision, confirmed by our consent, and by the + subscription of our hands, according to the decree of the canons, + must know, that he is excluded from all sacerdotal functions, and + from our fellowship. May the Grace of God keep us in safety, living + in the unity of His Holy Church.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This synod was + held in the year of our Lord 673. In which year Egbert, king of + Kent,<a id="noteref_570" name="noteref_570" href= + "#note_570"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">570</span></span></a> died + in the month of July; his brother Hlothere<a id="noteref_571" name= + "noteref_571" href="#note_571"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">571</span></span></a> + succeeded him on the throne, which he held eleven years and seven + months. Bisi, the bishop of the East Angles, who is said to have + been in the aforesaid synod, a man of great saintliness and piety, + was successor to Boniface,<a id="noteref_572" name="noteref_572" + href="#note_572"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">572</span></span></a> + before spoken of; for when Boniface died, after having been bishop + seventeen years, he was ordained by Theodore and made bishop in his + place. Whilst he was still alive, but hindered by grievous + infirmity from administering his episcopal functions, two + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page231">[pg 231]</span><a name= + "Pg231" id="Pg231" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> bishops, Aecci and + Badwin, were elected and consecrated in his place; from which time + to the present, that province has had two bishops.<a id= + "noteref_573" name="noteref_573" href="#note_573"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">573</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc197" id="toc197"></a> <a name="pdf198" id="pdf198"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_VI" id="Book_IV_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VI. How Wynfrid being deposed, + Sexwulf received his bishopric, and Earconwald was made bishop of + the East Saxons. [675</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Not long after + these events, Theodore, the archbishop, taking offence at some act + of disobedience of Wynfrid, bishop of the Mercians,<a id= + "noteref_574" name="noteref_574" href="#note_574"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">574</span></span></a> + deposed him from his bishopric when he had held it but a few years, + and in his place ordained Sexwulf bishop,<a id="noteref_575" name= + "noteref_575" href="#note_575"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">575</span></span></a> who + was founder and abbot of the monastery which is called + Medeshamstead,<a id="noteref_576" name="noteref_576" href= + "#note_576"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">576</span></span></a> in + the country of the Gyrwas.<a id="noteref_577" name="noteref_577" + href="#note_577"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">577</span></span></a> + Wynfrid, thus deposed, returned to his monastery which is called Ad + Barvae,<a id="noteref_578" name="noteref_578" href= + "#note_578"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">578</span></span></a> and + there ended his life in holy conversation.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Theodore then + also appointed Earconwald,<a id="noteref_579" name="noteref_579" + href="#note_579"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">579</span></span></a> + bishop of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page232">[pg + 232]</span><a name="Pg232" id="Pg232" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the East Saxons, in the city of London, over whom at that time + reigned Sebbi and Sighere, of whom mention has been made + above.<a id="noteref_580" name="noteref_580" href= + "#note_580"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">580</span></span></a> This + Earconwald's life and conversation, as well when he was bishop as + before that time, is said to have been most holy, as is even now + testified by heavenly miracles; for to this day, his horse-litter, + in which he was wont to be carried when sick, is kept by his + disciples, and continues to cure many of fevers and other ailments; + and not only sick persons who are laid under that litter, or close + by it, are cured; but the very splinters cut from it, when carried + to the sick, are wont immediately to bring healing to them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This man, before + he was made bishop, had built two famous monasteries, the one for + himself, and the other for his sister Ethelburg,<a id="noteref_581" + name="noteref_581" href="#note_581"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">581</span></span></a> and + established them both in regular discipline of the best kind. That + for himself was in the district of Sudergeona, by the river Thames, + at a place called Cerotaesei,<a id="noteref_582" name="noteref_582" + href="#note_582"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">582</span></span></a> that + is, the Island of Cerot; that for his sister in the province of the + East Saxons, at a place called In Berecingum,<a id="noteref_583" + name="noteref_583" href="#note_583"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">583</span></span></a> + wherein she might be a mother and nurse of women devoted to God. + Being put into the government of that monastery, she showed herself + in all respects worthy of her brother the bishop, by her own holy + life and by her regular and pious care of those under her rule, as + was also manifested by heavenly miracles.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc199" id="toc199"></a> <a name="pdf200" id="pdf200"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_VII" id="Book_IV_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VII. How it was indicated by a + light from heaven where the bodies of the nuns should be buried in + the monastery of Berecingum. [675</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">?]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In this + monastery many miracles were wrought, accounts of which have been + committed to writing by those who <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page233">[pg 233]</span><a name="Pg233" id="Pg233" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> were acquainted with them, that their memory + might be preserved, and succeeding generations edified, and these + are in the possession of many persons; some of them we also have + taken pains to include in our History of the Church. At the time of + the pestilence, already often mentioned,<a id="noteref_584" name= + "noteref_584" href="#note_584"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">584</span></span></a> which + ravaged all the country far and wide, it had also seized on that + part of this monastery where the men abode, and they were daily + hurried away to the Lord. The careful mother of the community began + often to inquire of the sisters, when they were gathered together; + in what part of the monastery they desired to be buried and a + cemetery to be made, when the same affliction should fall upon that + part of the monastery in which the handmaids of the Lord dwelt + together apart from the men, and they should be snatched away out + of this world by the same destruction as the rest. Receiving no + certain answer from the sisters, though she often questioned them, + she and all of them received a most certain answer from the Divine + Providence. For one night, after matins had been sung, and those + handmaids of Christ had gone out of their chapel to the tombs of + the brothers who had departed this life before them, and were + singing the customary songs of praise to the Lord, on a sudden a + light from heaven, like a great sheet, came down upon them all, and + struck them with such amazement, that, in consternation, they even + left off singing their hymn. But that resplendent light, in + comparison wherewith the sun at noon-day might seem dark, soon + after, rising from that place, removed to the south side of the + monastery, that is, to the westward of the chapel, and having + continued there some time, and rested upon those parts, in the + sight of them all withdrew itself again to heaven, leaving no doubt + in the minds of all, but that the same light, which was to lead or + to receive the souls of those handmaids of Christ into Heaven, also + showed the place in which their bodies were to rest and await the + day of the resurrection. The radiance of this light was so great, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page234">[pg 234]</span><a name= + "Pg234" id="Pg234" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> that one of the + older brethren, who at the same time was in their chapel with + another younger than himself, related in the morning, that the rays + of light which came in at the crannies of the doors and windows, + seemed to exceed the utmost brightness of daylight.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc201" id="toc201"></a> <a name="pdf202" id="pdf202"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_VIII" id="Book_IV_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VIII. How a little boy, dying + in the same monastery, called upon a virgin that was to follow him; + and how another nun, at the point of leaving her body, saw some + small part of the future glory. [675</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">?]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was, in + the same monastery, a boy, not above three years old, called + Aesica; who, by reason of his tender age, was being brought up + among the virgins dedicated to God, there to learn his lessons. + This child being seized by the aforesaid pestilence, when his last + hour was come, called three times upon one of the virgins + consecrated to Christ, speaking to her by her own name, as if she + had been present, Eadgyth! Eadgyth! Eadgyth! and thus ending his + temporal life, entered into that which is eternal. The virgin, to + whom he called, as he was dying, was immediately seized, where she + was, with the same sickness, and departing this life the same day + on which she had been summoned, followed him that called her into + the heavenly kingdom.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Likewise, one of + the same handmaids of God, being smitten with the same disease, and + reduced to the last extremity, began on a sudden, about midnight, + to cry out to them that ministered to her, desiring they would put + out the lamp that was lighted there. And, when she had done this + many times, and yet no one did her will, at last she said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“I know that you think I am raving, when I + say this, but be assured that it is not so; for I tell you truly, + that I see this house filled with so great a light, that that lamp + of yours seems to me to be altogether dark.”</span> And when still + no one replied to what she said, or did her bidding, she added, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Burn your lamp, then, as long as you will; + but know, that it is not my light, for my light will come to me at + the dawn of day.”</span> Then <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page235">[pg 235]</span><a name="Pg235" id="Pg235" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> she began to tell, that a certain man of God, + who had died that same year, had appeared to her, telling her that + at the break of day she should depart to the eternal light. The + truth of which vision was speedily proved by the maiden's death as + soon as the day appeared.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc203" id="toc203"></a> <a name="pdf204" id="pdf204"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IX. Of the signs which were + shown from Heaven when the mother of that community departed this + life. [675</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">?]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now when + Ethelburg herself, the pious mother of that community devoted to + God, was about to be taken out of this world, a wonderful vision + appeared to one of the sisters, called Tortgyth; who, having lived + many years in that monastery, always endeavoured, in all humility + and sincerity, to serve God herself, and to help the mother to + maintain regular discipline, by instructing and reproving the + younger ones. Now, in order that her virtue might, according to the + Apostle, be made perfect in weakness, she was suddenly seized with + a most grievous bodily disease, under which, through the merciful + providence of our Redeemer, she was sorely tried for the space of + nine years; to the end, that whatever stain of evil remained amidst + her virtues, either through ignorance or neglect, might all be + purified in the furnace of long tribulation. This woman, going out + of the chamber where she abode one night, at dusk, plainly saw as + it were a human body, which was brighter than the sun, wrapped in + fine linen, and lifted up on high, being taken out of the house in + which the sisters used to sleep. Then looking earnestly to see what + it was that drew up that appearance of the glorious body which she + beheld, she perceived that it was raised on high as it were by + cords brighter than gold, until, entering into the open heavens, it + could no longer be seen by her. Reflecting on this vision, she made + no doubt that some one of the community would soon die, and her + soul be lifted up to heaven by the good works which she had + wrought, as it were by golden cords. And so in truth it befell; for + a <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page236">[pg 236]</span><a name= + "Pg236" id="Pg236" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> few days after, the + beloved of God, Ethelburg, mother of that community, was delivered + out of the prison of the flesh; and her life is proved to have been + such that no one who knew her ought to doubt that an entrance into + the heavenly country was open to her, when she departed from this + life.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was also, + in the same monastery, a certain nun, of noble origin in this + world, and still nobler in the love of the world to come; who had, + for many years, been so disabled in all her body, that she could + not move a single limb. When she heard that the body of the + venerable abbess had been carried into the church, till it should + be buried, she desired to be carried thither, and to be placed + bending towards it, after the manner of one praying; which being + done, she spoke to her as if she had been living, and entreated her + that she would obtain of the mercy of our pitiful Creator, that she + might be delivered from such great and long-continued pains; nor + was it long before her prayer was heard: for being delivered from + the flesh twelve days after, she exchanged her temporal afflictions + for an eternal reward.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For three years + after the death of her Superior, the aforesaid handmaid of Christ, + Tortgyth, was detained in this life and was so far spent with the + sickness before mentioned, that her bones scarce held together. At + last, when the time of her release was at hand, she not only lost + the use of her other limbs, but also of her tongue; in which state + having continued three days and as many nights, she was, on a + sudden, restored by a spiritual vision, and opened her lips and + eyes, and looking up to heaven, began thus to speak to the vision + which she saw: <span class="tei tei-q">“Very acceptable to me is + thy coming, and thou art welcome!”</span> Having so said, she was + silent awhile, as it were, waiting for the answer of him whom she + saw and to whom she spoke; then, as if somewhat displeased, she + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I can in no wise gladly suffer + this;”</span> then pausing awhile, she said again, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If it can by no means be to-day, I beg that the delay + may not be long;”</span> and again holding her peace a short while, + she concluded thus; <span class="tei tei-q">“If it is certainly so + determined, and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page237">[pg + 237]</span><a name="Pg237" id="Pg237" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + the decree cannot be altered, I beg that it may be no longer + deferred than this next night.”</span> Having so said, and being + asked by those about her with whom she talked, she said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“With my most dear mother, + Ethelburg;”</span> by which they understood, that she was come to + acquaint her that the time of her departure was at hand; for, as + she had desired, after one day and night, she was delivered alike + from the bonds of the flesh and of her infirmity and entered into + the joys of eternal salvation.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc205" id="toc205"></a> <a name="pdf206" id="pdf206"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_X" id="Book_IV_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. X. How a blind woman, praying + in the burial-place of that monastery, was restored to her sight. + [675</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">?]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Hildilid, a + devout handmaid of God, succeeded Ethelburg in the office of abbess + and presided over that monastery with great vigour many years, till + she was of an extreme old age,<a id="noteref_585" name= + "noteref_585" href="#note_585"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">585</span></span></a> in + the observance of regular discipline, and carefully providing all + things for the common use. The narrowness of the space where the + monastery is built, led her to determine that the bones of the + servants and handmaidens of Christ, who had been there buried, + should be taken up, and should all be translated into the church of + the Blessed Mother of God, and interred in one place. How often a + brightness of heavenly light was seen there, when this was done, + and a fragrancy of wonderful sweetness arose, and what other signs + were revealed, whosoever reads will find in the book from which we + have taken these tales.<a id="noteref_586" name="noteref_586" href= + "#note_586"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">586</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But in truth, I + think it by no means fit to pass over <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page238">[pg 238]</span><a name="Pg238" id="Pg238" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> the miracle of healing, which the same book + informs us was wrought in the cemetery of that community dedicated + to God. There lived in that neighbourhood a certain thegn, whose + wife was seized with a sudden dimness in her eyes, and as the + malady increased daily, it became so burdensome to her, that she + could not see the least glimpse of light. Having continued some + time wrapped in the night of this blindness, on a sudden she + bethought herself that she might recover her lost sight, if she + were carried to the monastery of the nuns, and there prayed at the + relics of the saints. Nor did she lose any time in fulfilling that + which she had conceived in her mind: for being conducted by her + maids to the monastery, which was very near, and professing that + she had perfect faith that she should be there healed, she was led + into the cemetery, and having long prayed there on her knees, she + did not fail to be heard, for as she rose from prayer, before she + went out of the place, she received the gift of sight which she had + desired; and whereas she had been led thither by the hands of her + maids, she now returned home joyfully without help: as if she had + lost the light of this world to no other end than that she might + show by her recovery how great a light is vouchsafed to the saints + of Christ in Heaven, and how great a grace of healing power.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc207" id="toc207"></a> <a name="pdf208" id="pdf208"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XI" id="Book_IV_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XI. How Sebbi, king of the same + province, ended his life in a monastery. [694</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time, as + the same little book informs us, Sebbi,<a id="noteref_587" name= + "noteref_587" href="#note_587"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">587</span></span></a> a + very devout man, of whom mention has been made above, governed the + kingdom of the East Saxons. His mind was set on religious acts, + frequent prayer and pious fruits of almsgiving; he esteemed a + private and monastic life better than all the wealth and honours of + his kingdom, and he would have long before left his kingdom and + adopted that life, had not his wife firmly refused to <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page239">[pg 239]</span><a name="Pg239" id="Pg239" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> be divorced from him; for which reason + many were of opinion and often said that a man of such a + disposition ought rather to have been made a bishop than a king. + When he had spent thirty years as a king and a soldier of the + heavenly kingdom, he fell into great bodily infirmity, of which he + afterwards died, and he admonished his wife, that they should then + at least together devote themselves to the service of God, since + they could no longer together enjoy, or rather serve, the world. + Having with much difficulty obtained this of her, he went to + Waldhere, bishop of London, who had succeeded Earconwald,<a id= + "noteref_588" name="noteref_588" href="#note_588"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">588</span></span></a> and + with his blessing received the religious habit, which he had long + desired. He also carried to him a considerable sum of money, to be + given to the poor, reserving nothing to himself, but rather + coveting to remain poor in spirit for the sake of the kingdom of + Heaven.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the + aforesaid sickness increased, and he perceived the day of his death + to be drawing near, being a man of a royal disposition, he began to + apprehend lest, when in great pain, at the approach of death, he + might commit anything unworthy of his character, either by word or + gesture. Wherefore, calling to him the aforesaid bishop of London, + in which city he then was, he entreated him that none might be + present at his death, besides the bishop himself, and two of his + own attendants. The bishop having promised that he would most + willingly grant his request, not long after the man of God composed + himself to sleep, and saw a consoling vision, which took from him + all anxiety concerning the aforesaid uneasiness; and, moreover, + showed him on what day he was to end his life. For, as he + afterwards related, he saw three men in shining garments come to + him; one of whom sat down by his bed, whilst his companions who had + come with him stood and inquired <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page240">[pg 240]</span><a name="Pg240" id="Pg240" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> about the state of the sick man they had come + to visit, and he said that the king's soul should quit his body + without any pain, and with a great splendour of light; and told him + that he should die the third day after. Both these things came to + pass, as he had learnt from the vision; for on the third day after, + at the ninth hour, he suddenly fell, as it were, into a light + slumber, and without any sense of pain he gave up the ghost.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A stone coffin + had been prepared for his burial, but when they came to lay him in + it, they found his body a span longer than the coffin. Hereupon + they chipped away as much of the stone as they could, and made the + coffin about two inches longer; but not even so would it contain + the body. Wherefore because of this difficulty of entombing him, + they had thoughts either to get another coffin, or else to shorten + the body, by bending it at the knees, if they could, so that the + coffin might contain it. But Heaven interposed and a miracle + prevented the execution of either of those designs; for on a + sudden, in the presence of the bishop and Sighard, who was the son + of that same king and monk, and who reigned after him jointly with + his brother Suefred,<a id="noteref_589" name="noteref_589" href= + "#note_589"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">589</span></span></a> and + of no small number of men, that coffin was found to fit the length + of the body, insomuch that a pillow might even be put in at the + head; and at the feet the coffin was four inches longer than the + body. He was buried in the church of the blessed teacher of the + Gentiles,<a id="noteref_590" name="noteref_590" href= + "#note_590"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">590</span></span></a> by + whose doctrine he had learned to hope for heavenly things.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page241">[pg 241]</span><a name= + "Pg241" id="Pg241" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc209" id="toc209"></a> <a name="pdf210" id="pdf210"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XII. How Haedde succeeded + Leutherius in the bishopric of the West Saxons; how Cuichelm + succeeded Putta in the bishopric of the church of Rochester, and + was himself succeeded by Gebmund; and who were then bishops of the + Northumbrians. [673-681</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Leutherius was + the fourth bishop of the West Saxons; for Birinus was the first, + Agilbert the second, and Wini the third.<a id="noteref_591" name= + "noteref_591" href="#note_591"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">591</span></span></a> When + Coinwalch,<a id="noteref_592" name="noteref_592" href= + "#note_592"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">592</span></span></a> in + whose reign the said Leutherius was made bishop, died, the + sub-kings took upon them the government of the nation, and dividing + it among themselves, held it for about ten years; and during their + rule he died, and Haedde<a id="noteref_593" name="noteref_593" + href="#note_593"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">593</span></span></a> + succeeded him in the bishopric, having been consecrated by + Theodore, in the city of London. During his episcopate, + Caedwalla,<a id="noteref_594" name="noteref_594" href= + "#note_594"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">594</span></span></a> + having subdued and removed the sub-kings, took upon himself the + supreme authority. When he had held it for two years, and whilst + the same bishop still governed the church, at length impelled by + love of the heavenly kingdom, he quitted it and, going away to + Rome, ended his days there, as shall be said more fully + hereafter.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 676, when Ethelred, king of the Mercians,<a id= + "noteref_595" name="noteref_595" href="#note_595"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">595</span></span></a> + ravaged Kent with a hostile army, and <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page242">[pg 242]</span><a name="Pg242" id="Pg242" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> profaned churches and monasteries, without + regard to pity, or the fear of God, in the general destruction he + laid waste the city of Rochester; Putta,<a id="noteref_596" name= + "noteref_596" href="#note_596"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">596</span></span></a> who + was bishop, was absent at that time, but when he understood that + his church was ravaged, and everything taken away from it, he went + to Sexwulf, bishop of the Mercians,<a id="noteref_597" name= + "noteref_597" href="#note_597"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">597</span></span></a> and + having received of him a certain church, and a small piece of land, + ended his days there in peace; in no way endeavouring to restore + his bishopric, for, as has been said above, he was more industrious + in ecclesiastical than in worldly affairs; serving God only in that + church, and going wherever he was desired, to teach Church music. + Theodore consecrated Cuichelm bishop of Rochester in his stead; but + he, not long after, departing from his bishopric for want of + necessaries, and withdrawing to other parts, Gebmund was put in his + place by Theodore.<a id="noteref_598" name="noteref_598" href= + "#note_598"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">598</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 678, which is the eighth of the reign of Egfrid, in the + month of August, appeared a star, called a comet, which continued + for three months, rising in the morning, and sending forth, as it + were, a tall pillar of radiant flame. The same year a dissension + broke out between King Egfrid and the most reverend prelate, + Wilfrid, who was driven from his see,<a id="noteref_599" name= + "noteref_599" href="#note_599"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">599</span></span></a> and + two bishops substituted for him, to preside over the nation + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page243">[pg 243]</span><a name= + "Pg243" id="Pg243" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> of the + Northumbrians,<a id="noteref_600" name="noteref_600" href= + "#note_600"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">600</span></span></a> + namely, Bosa,<a id="noteref_601" name="noteref_601" href= + "#note_601"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">601</span></span></a> to + govern the province of the Deiri; and Eata<a id="noteref_602" name= + "noteref_602" href="#note_602"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">602</span></span></a> that + of the Bernicians; the former having his episcopal see in the city + of York, the latter either in the church of Hagustald, or of + Lindisfarne; both of them promoted to the episcopal dignity from a + community of monks. With them also Eadhaed<a id="noteref_603" name= + "noteref_603" href="#note_603"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">603</span></span></a> was + ordained bishop for the province of Lindsey, which King Egfrid had + but newly acquired, having defeated Wulfhere and put him to + flight;<a id="noteref_604" name="noteref_604" href= + "#note_604"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">604</span></span></a> and + this was the first bishop of its own which that province had; the + second was Ethelwin;<a id="noteref_605" name="noteref_605" href= + "#note_605"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">605</span></span></a> the + third Edgar;<a id="noteref_606" name="noteref_606" href= + "#note_606"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">606</span></span></a> the + fourth <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page244">[pg + 244]</span><a name="Pg244" id="Pg244" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Cynibert,<a id="noteref_607" name="noteref_607" href= + "#note_607"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">607</span></span></a> who + is there at present. Before Eadhaed, Sexwulf<a id="noteref_608" + name="noteref_608" href="#note_608"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">608</span></span></a> was + bishop as well of that province as of the Mercians and Midland + Angles; so that, when expelled from Lindsey, he continued in the + government of those provinces. Eadhaed, Bosa, and Eata, were + ordained at York by archbishop Theodore;<a id="noteref_609" name= + "noteref_609" href="#note_609"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">609</span></span></a> who + also, three years after the departure of Wilfrid, added two bishops + to their number: Tunbert,<a id="noteref_610" name="noteref_610" + href="#note_610"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">610</span></span></a> + appointed to the church of Hagustald, Eata still continuing in that + of Lindisfarne; and Trumwine<a id="noteref_611" name="noteref_611" + href="#note_611"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">611</span></span></a> to + the province of the Picts, which at that time was subject to + English rule. Eadhaed returning from Lindsey, because Ethelred had + recovered that province,<a id="noteref_612" name="noteref_612" + href="#note_612"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">612</span></span></a> was + placed by Theodore over the church of Ripon.<a id="noteref_613" + name="noteref_613" href="#note_613"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">613</span></span></a></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page245">[pg 245]</span><a name= + "Pg245" id="Pg245" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc211" id="toc211"></a> <a name="pdf212" id="pdf212"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XIII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIII. How Bishop Wilfrid + converted the province of the South Saxons to Christ. [681</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But Wilfrid was + expelled from his bishopric, and having long travelled in many + lands, went to Rome,<a id="noteref_614" name="noteref_614" href= + "#note_614"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">614</span></span></a> and + afterwards returned to Britain. Though he could not, by reason of + the enmity of the aforesaid king, be received into his own country + or diocese, yet he could not be restrained from the ministry of the + Gospel; for, taking his way into the province of the South + Saxons,<a id="noteref_615" name="noteref_615" href= + "#note_615"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">615</span></span></a> which + extends from Kent to the south and west, as far as the West Saxons, + containing land of 7,000 families, and was at that time still in + bondage to pagan rites, he administered to them the Word of faith, + and the Baptism of salvation. Ethelwalch,<a id="noteref_616" name= + "noteref_616" href="#note_616"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">616</span></span></a> king + of that nation, had been, not long before, baptized in the province + of the Mercians, at the instance of King Wulfhere,<a id= + "noteref_617" name="noteref_617" href="#note_617"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">617</span></span></a> who + was present, and received him as his godson when he came forth from + the font, and in token of this adoption gave him two provinces, to + wit, the Isle of Wight, and the province of the Meanware, in the + country of the West Saxons.<a id="noteref_618" name="noteref_618" + href="#note_618"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">618</span></span></a> The + bishop, therefore, with the king's consent, or rather to his great + joy, cleansed in the sacred font the foremost ealdormen and thegns + of that country; and the priests, Eappa,<a id="noteref_619" name= + "noteref_619" href="#note_619"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">619</span></span></a> and + Padda, and Burghelm, and Oiddi, either then, or <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page246">[pg 246]</span><a name="Pg246" id="Pg246" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> afterwards, baptized the rest of the + people. The queen, whose name was Eabae, had been baptized in her + own country, the province of the Hwiccas.<a id="noteref_620" name= + "noteref_620" href="#note_620"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">620</span></span></a> She + was the daughter of Eanfrid, the brother of Aenhere,<a id= + "noteref_621" name="noteref_621" href="#note_621"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">621</span></span></a> who + were both Christians, as were their people; but all the province of + the South Saxons was ignorant of the Name of God and the faith. But + there was among them a certain monk of the Scottish nation, whose + name was Dicul,<a id="noteref_622" name="noteref_622" href= + "#note_622"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">622</span></span></a> who + had a very small monastery, at the place called Bosanhamm,<a id= + "noteref_623" name="noteref_623" href="#note_623"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">623</span></span></a> + encompassed by woods and seas, and in it there were five or six + brothers, who served the Lord in humility and poverty; but none of + the natives cared either to follow their course of life, or hear + their preaching.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But Bishop + Wilfrid, while preaching the Gospel to the people, not only + delivered them from the misery of eternal damnation, but also from + a terrible calamity of temporal death. For no rain had fallen in + that district for three years before his arrival in the province, + whereupon a grievous famine fell upon the people and pitilessly + destroyed them; insomuch that it is said that often forty or fifty + men, wasted with hunger, would go together to some precipice, or to + the sea-shore, and there, hand in hand, in piteous wise cast them + themselves down either to perish by the fall, or be swallowed up by + the waves. But on the very day on which the nation received the + Baptism of the faith, there fell a soft but plentiful rain; the + earth revived, the fields grew green again, and the season was + pleasant and fruitful. Thus the old superstition was cast away, and + idolatry renounced, the heart and flesh of all rejoiced in the + living God, for they perceived that He Who is the true God had + enriched them by His heavenly grace with both inward and outward + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page247">[pg 247]</span><a name= + "Pg247" id="Pg247" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> blessings. For the + bishop, when he came into the province, and found so great misery + from famine there, taught them to get their food by fishing; for + their sea and rivers abounded in fish, but the people had no skill + to take any of them, except eels alone. The bishop's men having + gathered eel-nets everywhere, cast them into the sea, and by the + blessing of God took three hundred fishes of divers sorts, which + being divided into three parts, they gave a hundred to the poor, a + hundred to those of whom they had the nets, and kept a hundred for + their own use. By this benefit the bishop gained the affections of + them all, and they began more readily at his preaching to hope for + heavenly blessings, seeing that by his help they had received those + which are temporal.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, + King Ethelwalch gave to the most reverend prelate, Wilfrid, land to + the extent of eighty-seven families, to maintain his company who + were wandering in exile. The place is called Selaeseu,<a id= + "noteref_624" name="noteref_624" href="#note_624"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">624</span></span></a> that + is, the Island of the Sea-Calf; it is encompassed by the sea on all + sides, except the west, where is an entrance about the cast of a + sling in width; which sort of place is by the Latins called a + peninsula, by the Greeks, a cherronesos. Bishop Wilfrid, having + this place given him, founded therein a monastery, chiefly of the + brethren he had brought with him, and established a rule of life; + and his successors are known to be there to this day. He himself, + both in word and deed performed the duties of a bishop in those + parts during the space of five years, until the death of King + Egfrid,<a id="noteref_625" name="noteref_625" href= + "#note_625"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">625</span></span></a> and + was justly honoured by all. And forasmuch as the king, together + with the said place, gave him all the goods that were therein, with + the lands and men, he instructed all the people in <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page248">[pg 248]</span><a name="Pg248" id="Pg248" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the faith of Christ, and cleansed them + in the water of Baptism. Among whom were two hundred and fifty + bondsmen and bondswomen, all of whom he saved by Baptism from + slavery to the Devil, and in like manner, by giving them their + liberty, set them free from slavery to man.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc213" id="toc213"></a> <a name="pdf214" id="pdf214"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XIV" id="Book_IV_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIV. How a pestilence ceased + through the intercession of King Oswald. [681-686</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In this + monastery, at that time, certain special manifestations of the + heavenly grace are said to have been shown forth; in as much as the + tyranny of the Devil had been recently cast out and Christ had + begun to reign there. Of these I have thought it proper to + perpetuate the memory of one which the most reverend Bishop + Acca<a id="noteref_626" name="noteref_626" href= + "#note_626"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">626</span></span></a> was + wont often to relate to me, affirming that it had been told him by + most creditable brothers of the same monastery. About the same time + that this province had received the faith of Christ, a grievous + pestilence fell upon many provinces of Britain; which, also, by the + Divine dispensation, reached to the aforesaid monastery, then + governed by the most religious priest of Christ, Eappa;<a id= + "noteref_627" name="noteref_627" href="#note_627"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">627</span></span></a> and + many, as well of those that had come thither with the bishop, as of + those of the same province of the South Saxons who had been lately + called to the faith, were snatched away out of this world. The + brethren, therefore, thought fit to keep a fast of three days, and + humbly to implore the Divine goodness to vouchsafe to have mercy on + them, either by delivering from instant death those that were in + danger by reason of the disease, or by saving those who were + hurried out of this life from the eternal damnation of their + souls.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was at + that time in the monastery, a little boy, of the Saxon nation, + lately called to the faith, who had been attacked by the same + infirmity, and had long kept his bed. On the second day of the + aforesaid fasting and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page249">[pg + 249]</span><a name="Pg249" id="Pg249" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + prayer, it happened about the second hour of the day, that this boy + was left alone in the place where he lay sick, when on a sudden, + through the Divine disposition, the most blessed chiefs of the + Apostles vouchsafed to appear to him; for he was a boy of a very + simple and gentle disposition, and with sincere devotion observed + the mysteries of the faith which he had received. The Apostles + therefore, greeting him with loving words, said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“My son, fear not death, concerning which thou art + troubled; for this day we will bring thee to the kingdom of Heaven; + but first thou must needs wait till the Masses are celebrated, that + having received thy voyage provision,<a id="noteref_628" name= + "noteref_628" href="#note_628"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">628</span></span></a> the + Body and Blood of our Lord, and so being set free from sickness and + death, thou mayest be taken up to the everlasting joys in + Heaven.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Call therefore to thee the priest, Eappa, and tell + him, that the Lord has heard your prayers, and has favourably + looked upon your devotion and your fast, and not one more shall die + of this plague, either in the monastery or the lands adjacent to + it; but all your people who any where labour under this sickness, + shall be raised up from their weakness, and restored to their + former health, saving thee alone, who art this day to be delivered + from death, and to be carried into Heaven, to behold our Lord + Christ, whom thou hast faithfully served. This favour the Divine + mercy has vouchsafed to grant you, through the intercession of the + godly King Oswald, beloved of God, who formerly nobly ruled over + the nation of the Northumbrians, with the authority of a temporal + kingdom and the devotion of Christian piety which leads to the + eternal kingdom. For this very day that king was killed in body by + the infidels in war, and straightway taken up to Heaven to the + everlasting joys of souls, and brought into fellowship with the + number of the elect. Let them look in their records,<a id= + "noteref_629" name="noteref_629" href="#note_629"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">629</span></span></a> + wherein the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page250">[pg + 250]</span><a name="Pg250" id="Pg250" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + burial of the dead is set down, and they will find that he was, + this day, as we have said, taken out of this world. Let them, + therefore, celebrate Masses in all the oratories of this monastery, + either in thanksgiving because their prayers are heard, or else in + memory of the aforesaid King Oswald, who once governed their + nation,<a id="noteref_630" name="noteref_630" href= + "#note_630"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">630</span></span></a> and + therefore humbly prayed to the Lord for them, as for converts of + his nation; and let all the brethren assemble in the church, and + all communicate in the heavenly Sacrifices, and so let them cease + to fast, and refresh the body also with the food that belongs to + it.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The boy called + the priest, and repeated all these words to him; and the priest + carefully inquired after the habit and form of the men that had + appeared to him. He answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Their habit + was altogether noble, and their countenances most pleasant and + beautiful, such as I had never seen before, nor did I think there + could be any men so fair and comely. One of them indeed was shorn + like a clerk, the other had a long beard; and they said that one of + them was called Peter, the other Paul; and they were the servants + of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, sent by Him from Heaven to + protect our monastery.”</span> The priest believed what the boy + said, and going thence immediately, looked in his chronicle, and + found that King Oswald had been killed on that very day. He then + called the brethren, ordered dinner to be provided, Masses to be + said, and all of them to communicate as usual; causing also a part + of the same Sacrifice of the Lord's Oblation to be carried to the + sick boy.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Soon after this, + the boy died, on that same day; and by his death proved that the + words which he had heard from the Apostles of Christ were true. And + this moreover bore witness to the truth of his words, that none + besides himself, belonging to the same monastery, was taken away at + that time. And without doubt, by this vision, many that heard of it + were wonderfully excited <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page251">[pg + 251]</span><a name="Pg251" id="Pg251" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to implore the Divine mercy in adversity, and to submit to the + wholesome remedy of fasting. From that time, the day of + commemoration of that king and soldier of Christ began to be yearly + honoured with the celebration of Masses, not only in that + monastery, but in many other places.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc215" id="toc215"></a> <a name="pdf216" id="pdf216"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XV" id="Book_IV_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XV. How King Caedwalla, king of + the Gewissae, having slain Ethelwalch, wasted that Province with + cruel slaughter and devastation. [685</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the meantime, + Caedwalla,<a id="noteref_631" name="noteref_631" href= + "#note_631"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">631</span></span></a> a + young man of great vigour, of the royal race of the Gewissae,<a id= + "noteref_632" name="noteref_632" href="#note_632"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">632</span></span></a> an + exile from his country, came with an army, slew Ethelwalch,<a id= + "noteref_633" name="noteref_633" href="#note_633"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">633</span></span></a> and + wasted that province with cruel slaughter and devastation; but he + was soon expelled by Berthun and Andhun, the king's ealdormen, who + held in succession the government of the province. The first of + them was afterwards killed by the same Caedwalla, when he was king + of the Gewissae, and the province was reduced to more grievous + slavery: Ini,<a id="noteref_634" name="noteref_634" href= + "#note_634"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">634</span></span></a> + likewise, who reigned after Caedwalla, oppressed that country with + the like servitude for many years; for which reason, during all + that time, they could have no bishop of their own; but their first + bishop, Wilfrid, having been recalled home, they were subject to + the bishop of the Gewissae, that is, the West Saxons, who were in + the city of Venta.<a id="noteref_635" name="noteref_635" href= + "#note_635"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">635</span></span></a></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page252">[pg 252]</span><a name= + "Pg252" id="Pg252" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc217" id="toc217"></a> <a name="pdf218" id="pdf218"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XVI" id="Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVI. How the Isle of Wight + received Christian inhabitants, and two royal youths of that island + were killed immediately after Baptism. [686</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After Caedwalla + had obtained possession of the kingdom of the Gewissae, he took + also the Isle of Wight, which till then was entirely given over to + idolatry, and by merciless slaughter endeavoured to destroy all the + inhabitants thereof, and to place in their stead people from his + own province; binding himself by a vow, though it is said that he + was not yet regenerated in Christ, to give the fourth part of the + land and of the spoil to the Lord, if he took the island. He + fulfilled this vow by giving the same for the service of the Lord + to Bishop Wilfrid, who happened at the time to have come thither + from his own people.<a id="noteref_636" name="noteref_636" href= + "#note_636"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">636</span></span></a> The + measure of that island, according to the computation of the + English, is of twelve hundred families, wherefore an estate of + three hundred families was given to the Bishop. The part which he + received, he committed to one of his clerks called Bernwin, who was + his sister's son, assigning to him a priest, whose name was + Hiddila, to administer the Word and laver of life to all that would + be saved.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Here I think it + ought not to be omitted that, as the first fruits of those of that + island who believed and were saved, two royal boys, brothers to + Arwald, king of the island,<a id="noteref_637" name="noteref_637" + href="#note_637"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">637</span></span></a> were + crowned with the special grace of God. For when the enemy + approached, they made their escape out of the island, and crossed + over into the neighbouring province of the Jutes.<a id= + "noteref_638" name="noteref_638" href="#note_638"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">638</span></span></a> + Coming to the place called At the Stone,<a id="noteref_639" name= + "noteref_639" href="#note_639"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">639</span></span></a> they + thought to be concealed from the victorious king, but they were + betrayed and ordered to be killed. This <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page253">[pg 253]</span><a name="Pg253" id="Pg253" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> being made known to a certain abbot and + priest, whose name was Cynibert, who had a monastery not far from + there, at a place called Hreutford,<a id="noteref_640" name= + "noteref_640" href="#note_640"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">640</span></span></a> that + is, the Ford of Reeds, he came to the king, who then lay in + concealment in those parts to be cured of the wounds which he had + received whilst he was fighting in the Isle of Wight, and begged of + him, that if the boys must needs be killed, he might be allowed + first to instruct them in the mysteries of the Christian faith. The + king consented, and the bishop having taught them the Word of + truth, and cleansed them in the font of salvation, assured to them + their entrance into the kingdom of Heaven. Then the executioner + came, and they joyfully underwent the temporal death, through which + they did not doubt they were to pass to the life of the soul, which + is everlasting. Thus, after this manner, when all the provinces of + Britain had received the faith of Christ, the Isle of Wight also + received the same; yet because it was suffering under the + affliction of foreign subjection, no man there received the office + or see of a bishop, before Daniel, who is now bishop of the West + Saxons.<a id="noteref_641" name="noteref_641" href= + "#note_641"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">641</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The island is + situated opposite the borders of the South Saxons and the Gewissae, + being separated from it by a sea, three miles wide, which is called + Solvente.<a id="noteref_642" name="noteref_642" href= + "#note_642"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">642</span></span></a> In + this sea, the two tides of the ocean, which break upon Britain all + round its coasts from the boundless northern ocean, daily meet in + conflict beyond the mouth of the river Homelea,<a id="noteref_643" + name="noteref_643" href="#note_643"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">643</span></span></a> which + runs into the aforesaid sea, through the lands of the Jutes, + belonging to the country of the Gewissae; and after this struggle + of the tides, they fall back and return into the ocean whence they + come.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page254">[pg 254]</span><a name= + "Pg254" id="Pg254" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc219" id="toc219"></a> <a name="pdf220" id="pdf220"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XVII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVII. Of the Synod held in the + plain of Haethfelth, Archbishop Theodore being president. + [680</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">About this time, + Theodore being informed that the faith of the Church at + Constantinople was much perplexed by the heresy of Eutyches,<a id= + "noteref_644" name="noteref_644" href="#note_644"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">644</span></span></a> and + desiring that the Churches of the English, over which he presided, + should remain free from all such taint, convened an assembly of + venerable bishops and many learned men, and diligently inquired + into the faith of each. He found them all of one mind in the + Catholic faith, and this he caused to be committed to writing by + the authority of the synod as a memorial, and for the instruction + of succeeding generations; the beginning of which document is as + follows:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“In the name of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, + under the rule of our most pious lords, Egfrid, king of of the + Northumbrians, in the tenth year of his reign, the seventeenth of + September, the eighth indiction; Ethelred, king of the Mercians, in + the sixth year of his reign; Aldwulf king of the East Angles, in + the seventeenth year of his reign; and Hlothere, king of Kent, in + the seventh year of his reign;<a id="noteref_645" name= + "noteref_645" href="#note_645"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">645</span></span></a> + Theodore, by the grace of God, archbishop of the island of Britain, + and of the city of Canterbury, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page255">[pg 255]</span><a name="Pg255" id="Pg255" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> being president, and the other venerable + bishops of the island of Britain sitting with him, the holy Gospels + being laid before them, at the place which, in the Saxon tongue, is + called Haethfelth,<a id="noteref_646" name="noteref_646" href= + "#note_646"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">646</span></span></a> we + conferred together, and set forth the right and orthodox faith, as + our Lord Jesus Christ in the flesh delivered the same to His + disciples, who beheld His Presence and heard His words, and as it + is delivered by the creed of the holy fathers, and by all holy and + universal synods in general, and by the consent of all approved + doctors of the Catholic Church. We, therefore, following them, in + piety and orthodoxy, and professing accordance with their divinely + inspired doctrine, do believe agreeably to it, and with the holy + fathers confess the Father, and Son, and Holy Ghost, to be properly + and truly a Trinity consubstantial in Unity, and Unity in Trinity, + that is, one God in three Subsistences or consubstantial persons, + of equal glory and honour.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And after much + more of the same sort, appertaining to the confession of the right + faith, this holy synod added to its document, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“We acknowledge the five holy and general + councils<a id="noteref_647" name="noteref_647" href= + "#note_647"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">647</span></span></a> of + the blessed fathers acceptable to God; that is, of the 318 + assembled at Nicaea, against the most impious Arius and his tenets; + and at Constantinople, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page256">[pg + 256]</span><a name="Pg256" id="Pg256" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + of 150, against the madness of Macedonius and Eudoxius, and their + tenets; and at Ephesus, for the first time, of 200, against the + most wicked Nestorius, and his tenets; and at Chalcedon, of 630, + against Eutyches and Nestorius, and their tenets; and again, at + Constantinople, in a fifth council, in the time of Justinian the + younger,<a id="noteref_648" name="noteref_648" href= + "#note_648"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">648</span></span></a> + against Theodorus, and the epistles of Theodoret and Ibas, and + their tenets in opposition to Cyril.”</span> And again a little + lower, <span class="tei tei-q">“the synod held in the city of Rome, + in the time of the blessed Pope Martin,<a id="noteref_649" name= + "noteref_649" href="#note_649"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">649</span></span></a> in + the eighth indiction, and in the ninth year of the most pious + Emperor Constantine,<a id="noteref_650" name="noteref_650" href= + "#note_650"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">650</span></span></a> we + also acknowledge. And we glorify our Lord Jesus Christ, as they + glorified Him, neither adding aught nor taking away; anathematizing + with hearts and lips those whom they anathematized, and receiving + those whom they received; glorifying God the Father, Who is without + beginning, and His only-begotten Son, begotten of the Father before + the worlds, and the Holy Ghost proceeding ineffably from the Father + and the Son,<a id="noteref_651" name="noteref_651" href= + "#note_651"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">651</span></span></a> even + as those holy Apostles, prophets, and doctors, whom we have + above-mentioned, did declare. And all we, who, with Archbishop + Theodore, have thus set forth the Catholic faith, thereto + subscribe.”</span></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page257">[pg 257]</span><a name= + "Pg257" id="Pg257" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc221" id="toc221"></a> <a name="pdf222" id="pdf222"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVIII. Of John, the precentor + of the Apostolic see, who came into Britain to teach. [680</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Among those who + were present at this synod, and confirmed the decrees of the + Catholic faith, was the venerable John,<a id="noteref_652" name= + "noteref_652" href="#note_652"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">652</span></span></a> + archchanter of the church of the holy Apostle Peter,<a id= + "noteref_653" name="noteref_653" href="#note_653"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">653</span></span></a> and + abbot of the monastery of the blessed Martin, who had come lately + from Rome, by order of Pope Agatho, together with the most reverend + Abbot Biscop, surnamed Benedict,<a id="noteref_654" name= + "noteref_654" href="#note_654"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">654</span></span></a> of + whom mention has been made above. For the said Benedict, having + built a monastery in Britain, in honour of the most blessed chief + of the Apostles, at the mouth of the river Wear, went to Rome with + Ceolfrid,<a id="noteref_655" name="noteref_655" href= + "#note_655"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">655</span></span></a> his + companion and fellow-labourer in that work, who was after him abbot + of the same monastery; he had been several times before at Rome, + and was now honourably received by Pope Agatho of blessed memory; + from whom he also asked and obtained, in order to <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page258">[pg 258]</span><a name="Pg258" id="Pg258" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> secure the immunities of the monastery + which he had founded, a letter of privilege confirmed by apostolic + authority, according to what he knew to be the will and grant of + King Egfrid, by whose consent and gift of land he had built that + monastery.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He was also + allowed to take the aforesaid Abbot John with him into Britain, + that he might teach in his monastery the system of singing + throughout the year, as it was practised at St. Peter's at + Rome.<a id="noteref_656" name="noteref_656" href= + "#note_656"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">656</span></span></a> The + Abbot John did as he had been commanded by the Pope, teaching the + singers of the said monastery the order and manner of singing and + reading aloud, and committing to writing all that was requisite + throughout the whole course of the year for the celebration of + festivals; and these writings are still preserved in that + monastery, and have been copied by many others elsewhere. The said + John not only taught the brothers of that monastery, but such as + had skill in singing resorted from almost all the monasteries of + the same province to hear him, and many invited him to teach in + other places.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Besides his task + of singing and reading, he had also received a commission from the + Apostolic Pope, carefully to inform himself concerning the faith of + the English Church, and to give an account thereof on his return to + Rome. For he also brought with him the decision of the synod of the + blessed Pope Martin, held not long before at Rome,<a id= + "noteref_657" name="noteref_657" href="#note_657"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">657</span></span></a> with + the consent of one hundred and five bishops, chiefly to refute + those who taught that there is but one operation and will in + Christ, and he gave it to be transcribed in the aforesaid monastery + of the most religious Abbot Benedict. The men who followed such + opinion greatly perplexed the faith of the Church of Constantinople + at that time; but by the help of God they were then discovered and + overcome.<a id="noteref_658" name="noteref_658" href= + "#note_658"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">658</span></span></a> + Wherefore, Pope Agatho, being desirous to be informed concerning + the state of the Church in Britain, as well as in other provinces, + and to <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page259">[pg + 259]</span><a name="Pg259" id="Pg259" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + what extent it was clear from the contagion of heretics, gave this + matter in charge to the most reverend Abbot John, then appointed to + go to Britain. The synod we have spoken of having been called for + this purpose in Britain, the Catholic faith was found untainted in + all, and a report of the proceedings of the same was given him to + carry to Rome.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But in his + return to his own country, soon after crossing the sea, he fell + sick and died; and his body, for the sake of St. Martin, in whose + monastery he presided, was by his friends carried to Tours,<a id= + "noteref_659" name="noteref_659" href="#note_659"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">659</span></span></a> and + honourably buried; for he had been kindly entertained by the Church + there on his way to Britain, and earnestly entreated by the + brethren, that in his return to Rome he would take that road, and + visit their Church, and moreover he was there supplied with men to + conduct him on his way, and assist him in the work enjoined upon + him. Though he died by the way, yet the testimony of the Catholic + faith of the English nation was carried to Rome, and received with + great joy by the Apostolic Pope, and all those that heard or read + it.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc223" id="toc223"></a> <a name="pdf224" id="pdf224"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XIX" id="Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIX. How Queen Ethelthryth + always preserved her virginity, and her body suffered no corruption + in the grave. [660-696</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">King Egfrid took + to wife Ethelthryth, the daughter of Anna,<a id="noteref_660" name= + "noteref_660" href="#note_660"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">660</span></span></a> king + of the East Angles, of whom mention has been often made; a man of + true religion, and altogether noble in mind and deed. She had + before been given in marriage to another, to wit, Tondbert, + ealdorman<a id="noteref_661" name="noteref_661" href= + "#note_661"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">661</span></span></a> of + the Southern Gyrwas; but he died soon after he had married her, and + she was given to the aforesaid king. Though she lived with him + twelve years, yet she preserved the glory of perfect virginity, as + I was informed by Bishop <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page260">[pg + 260]</span><a name="Pg260" id="Pg260" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Wilfrid, of blessed memory, of whom I inquired, because some + questioned the truth thereof; and he told me that he was an + undoubted witness to her virginity, forasmuch as Egfrid promised to + give him many lands and much money if he could persuade the queen + to consent to fulfil her marriage duty, for he knew the queen loved + no man more than himself. And it is not to be doubted that this + might take place in our age, which true histories tell us happened + sometimes in former ages, by the help of the same Lord who promises + to abide with us always, even unto the end of the world. For the + divine miracle whereby her flesh, being buried, could not suffer + corruption, is a token that she had not been defiled by man.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">She had long + asked of the king that he would permit her to lay aside worldly + cares, and to serve only Christ, the true King, in a monastery; and + having at length with difficulty prevailed, she entered the + monastery of the Abbess Aebba,<a id="noteref_662" name= + "noteref_662" href="#note_662"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">662</span></span></a> who + was aunt to King Egfrid, at the place called the city of + Coludi,<a id="noteref_663" name="noteref_663" href= + "#note_663"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">663</span></span></a> + having received the veil of the religious habit from the hands of + the aforesaid Bishop Wilfrid; but a year after she was herself made + abbess in the district called Elge,<a id="noteref_664" name= + "noteref_664" href="#note_664"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">664</span></span></a> + where, having built a monastery, she began, by the example of a + heavenly life and by her teaching, to be the virgin mother of many + virgins dedicated to God. It is told of her that from the time of + her entering the monastery, she would never wear any linen but only + woollen garments, and would <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page261">[pg 261]</span><a name="Pg261" id="Pg261" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> seldom wash in a hot bath, unless just before + the greater festivals, as Easter, Whitsuntide, and the Epiphany, + and then she did it last of all, when the other handmaids of Christ + who were there had been washed, served by her and her attendants. + She seldom ate more than once a day, excepting on the greater + festivals, or some urgent occasion. Always, except when grievous + sickness prevented her, from the time of matins till day-break, she + continued in the church at prayer. Some also say, that by the + spirit of prophecy she not only foretold the pestilence of which + she was to die, but also, in the presence of all, revealed the + number of those that should be then snatched away from this world + out of her monastery. She was taken to the Lord, in the midst of + her flock, seven years after she had been made abbess; and, as she + had ordered, was buried among them in a wooden coffin in her turn, + according to the order in which she had passed away.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">She was + succeeded in the office of abbess by her sister Sexburg,<a id= + "noteref_665" name="noteref_665" href="#note_665"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">665</span></span></a> who + had been wife to Earconbert, king of Kent. This abbess, when her + sister had been buried sixteen years, thought fit to take up her + bones, and, putting them into a new coffin, to translate them into + the church. Accordingly she ordered some of the brothers to find a + stone whereof to make a coffin for this purpose. They went on board + ship, for the district of Ely is on every side encompassed with + water and marshes, and has no large stones, and came to a small + deserted city, not far from thence, which, in the language of the + English, is called Grantacaestir,<a id="noteref_666" name= + "noteref_666" href="#note_666"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">666</span></span></a> and + presently, near the city walls, they found a white marble + coffin,<a id="noteref_667" name="noteref_667" href= + "#note_667"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">667</span></span></a> most + beautifully <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page262">[pg + 262]</span><a name="Pg262" id="Pg262" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + wrought, and fitly covered with a lid of the same sort of stone. + Perceiving, therefore, that the Lord had prospered their journey, + they returned thanks to Him and carried it to the monastery.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the grave + was opened and the body of the holy virgin and bride of Christ was + brought into the light of day, it was found as free from corruption + as if she had died and been buried on that very day; as the + aforesaid Bishop Wilfrid, and many others that know it, testify. + But the physician, Cynifrid, who was present at her death, and when + she was taken up out of the grave, had more certain knowledge. He + was wont to relate that in her sickness she had a very great tumour + under her jaw. <span class="tei tei-q">“And I was ordered,”</span> + said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“to lay open that tumour to let + out the noxious matter in it, which I did, and she seemed to be + somewhat more easy for two days, so that many thought she might + recover from her infirmity; but on the third day she was attacked + by the former pains, and being soon snatched out of the world, she + exchanged all pain and death for everlasting life and health. And + when, so many years after, her bones were to be taken out of the + grave, a pavilion being spread over it, and all the congregation, + the brothers on the one side, and the sisters on the other, + standing about it singing, while the abbess, with a few others, had + gone within to take up and wash the bones, on a sudden we heard the + abbess within cry out with a loud voice, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Glory be to the name of the Lord.’</span> Not long + after they called me in, opening the door of the pavilion, and I + found the body of the holy virgin taken out of the grave and laid + on a bed, like one asleep; then taking off the veil from the face, + they also showed me that the incision which I had made was healed + up; so that, in marvellous wise, instead of the open gaping wound + with which she had been buried, there then appeared only the + slightest trace of a scar. Besides, all the linen clothes in which + the body had been wrapped, appeared entire and as fresh as if they + had been that very day put about her chaste limbs.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is said that + when she was sore troubled with the aforesaid tumour and pain in + her jaw and neck, she took great <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page263">[pg 263]</span><a name="Pg263" id="Pg263" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> pleasure in that sort of sickness, and was + wont to say, <span class="tei tei-q">“I know of a surety that I + deservedly bear the weight of my trouble on my neck, for I remember + that, when I was a young maiden, I bore on it the needless weight + of necklaces;<a id="noteref_668" name="noteref_668" href= + "#note_668"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">668</span></span></a> and + therefore I believe the Divine goodness would have me endure the + pain in my neck, that so I may be absolved from the guilt of my + needless levity, having now, instead of gold and pearls, the fiery + heat of a tumour rising on my neck.”</span> It happened also that + by the touch of those same linen clothes devils were expelled from + bodies possessed, and other diseases were at divers times healed; + and the coffin wherein she was first buried is said to have cured + some of infirmities of the eyes, who, praying with their heads + resting upon that coffin, were presently relieved of the pain or + dimness in their eyes. So they washed the virgin's body, and having + clothed it in new garments, brought it into the church, and laid it + in the sarcophagus that had been brought, where it is held in great + veneration to this day. The sarcophagus was found in a wonderful + manner to fit the virgin's body as if it had been made purposely + for her, and the place for the head, which was fashioned + separately, appeared exactly shaped to the measurement of her + head.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Elge is in the + province of the East Angles, a district of about six hundred + families, of the nature of an island, encompassed, as has been + said, with marshes or waters, and therefore it has its name from + the great plenty of eels taken in those marshes; there the + aforesaid handmaid of Christ desired to have a monastery, because, + as we have before mentioned, she came, according to the flesh, of + that same province of the East Angles.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page264">[pg 264]</span><a name= + "Pg264" id="Pg264" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc225" id="toc225"></a> <a name="pdf226" id="pdf226"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XX" id="Book_IV_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XX. A Hymn concerning + her.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It seems fitting + to insert in this history a hymn concerning virginity, which we + composed in elegiac verse many years ago, in praise and honour of + the same queen and bride of Christ, and therefore truly a queen, + because the bride of Christ; and to imitate the method of Holy + Scripture, wherein many songs are inserted in the history, and + these, as is well known, are composed in metre and verse.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Trinity,<a id="noteref_669" name="noteref_669" href= + "#note_669"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">669</span></span></a> + Gracious, Divine, Who rulest all the ages; favour my task, Trinity, + Gracious, Divine.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Let Maro sound the trumpet of war, let us sing the + gifts of peace; the gifts of Christ we sing, let Maro sound the + trumpet of war.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Chaste is my song, no rape of guilty Helen; light + tales shall be told by the wanton, chaste is my song.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“I will tell of gifts from Heaven, not wars of hapless + Troy; I will tell of gifts from Heaven, wherein the earth is + glad.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Lo! the high God comes to the womb of a holy virgin, + to be the Saviour of men, lo! the high God comes.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“A hallowed maid gives birth to Him Who gave the world + its being; Mary, the gate of God, a maiden gives Him + birth.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“The company of her fellows rejoices over the Virgin + Mother of Him Who wields the thunder; a shining virgin band, the + company of her fellows rejoices.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Her honour has made many a blossom to spring + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page265">[pg 265]</span><a name= + "Pg265" id="Pg265" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> from that pure + shoot, virgin blossoms her honour has made to spring.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Scorched by the fierce flames, the maiden Agatha<a id= + "noteref_670" name="noteref_670" href="#note_670"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">670</span></span></a> + yielded not; in like manner Eulalia endures, scorched by the fierce + flames.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“The lofty soul of chaste Tecla overcomes the wild + beasts; chaste Euphemia overcomes the accursed wild + beasts.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Agnes joyously laughs at the sword, herself stronger + than steel, Cecilia joyously laughs at the foemen's + sword.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Many a triumph is mighty throughout the world in + temperate hearts; throughout the world love of the temperate life + is mighty.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Yea, and our day likewise a peerless maiden has + blessed; peerless our Ethelthryth shines.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Child of a noble sire, and glorious by royal birth, + more noble in her Lord's sight, the child of a noble + sire.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thence she receives queenly honour and a sceptre in + this world; thence she receives honour, awaiting higher honour + above.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“What need, gracious lady, to seek an earthly lord, + even now given to the Heavenly Bridegroom?</span></p><span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page266">[pg 266]</span><a name="Pg266" id="Pg266" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Christ is at hand, the Bridegroom (why seek an earthly + lord?) that thou mayst follow even now, methinks, in the steps of + the Mother of Heaven's King, that thou too mayst be a mother in + God.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Twelve years<a id="noteref_671" name="noteref_671" + href="#note_671"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">671</span></span></a> she + had reigned, a bride dedicated to God, then in the cloister dwelt, + a bride dedicated to God.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“To Heaven all consecrated she lived, abounding in + lofty deeds, then to Heaven all consecrated she gave up her + soul.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Twice eight Novembers<a id="noteref_672" name= + "noteref_672" href="#note_672"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">672</span></span></a> the + maid's fair flesh lay in the tomb, nor did the maid's fair flesh + see corruption in the tomb.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“This was Thy work, O Christ, that her very garments + were bright and undefiled even in the grave; O Christ, this was Thy + work.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“The dark serpent<a id="noteref_673" name="noteref_673" + href="#note_673"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">673</span></span></a> flies + before the honour due to the holy raiment; disease is driven away, + and the dark serpent flies.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Rage fills the foe who of old conquered Eve; exultant + the maiden triumphs and rage fills the foe.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Behold, O bride of God, thy glory upon earth; the + glory that awaits thee in the Heavens behold, O bride of + God.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“In gladness thou receivest gifts, bright amidst the + festal torches; behold! the Bridegroom comes, in gladness thou + receivest gifts.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And a new song thou singest to the tuneful harp; a + new-made bride, thou exultest in the tuneful hymn.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“None can part her from them which follow the Lamb + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page267">[pg 267]</span><a name= + "Pg267" id="Pg267" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> enthroned on high, + whom none had severed from the Love enthroned on high.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc227" id="toc227"></a> <a name="pdf228" id="pdf228"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXI" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXI. How Bishop Theodore made + peace between the kings Egfrid and Ethelred. [679</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the ninth + year of the reign of King Egfrid, a great battle<a id="noteref_674" + name="noteref_674" href="#note_674"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">674</span></span></a> was + fought between him and Ethelred, king of the Mercians, near the + river Trent, and Aelfwine,<a id="noteref_675" name="noteref_675" + href="#note_675"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">675</span></span></a> + brother to King Egfrid, was slain, a youth about eighteen years of + age, and much beloved by both provinces; for King Ethelred had + married his sister Osthryth.<a id="noteref_676" name="noteref_676" + href="#note_676"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">676</span></span></a> There + was now reason to expect a more bloody war, and more lasting enmity + between those kings and their fierce nations; but Theodore, the + bishop, beloved of God, relying on the Divine aid, by his wholesome + admonitions wholly extinguished the dangerous fire that was + breaking out; so that the kings and their people on both sides were + appeased, and no man was put to death, but only the due mulct<a id= + "noteref_677" name="noteref_677" href="#note_677"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">677</span></span></a> paid + to the king who was the avenger for the death of his brother; and + this peace continued long after between those kings and between + their kingdoms.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc229" id="toc229"></a> <a name="pdf230" id="pdf230"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXII. How a certain captive's + chains fell off when Masses were sung for him. [679</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the aforesaid + battle, wherein King Aelfwine was killed, a memorable incident is + known to have happened, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page268">[pg + 268]</span><a name="Pg268" id="Pg268" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + which I think ought by no means to be passed over in silence; for + the story will be profitable to the salvation of many. In that + battle a youth called Imma, one of the king's thegns, was struck + down, and having lain as if dead all that day and the next night + among the bodies of the slain, at length he came to himself and + revived, and sitting up, bound his own wounds as best as he could. + Then having rested awhile, he stood up, and went away to see if he + could find any friends to take care of him; but in so doing he was + discovered and taken by some of the enemy's army, and carried + before their lord, who was one of King Ethelred's nobles.<a id= + "noteref_678" name="noteref_678" href="#note_678"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">678</span></span></a> Being + asked by him who he was, and fearing to own himself a thegn, he + answered that he was a peasant, a poor man and married, and he + declared that he had come to the war with others like himself to + bring provisions to the army. The noble entertained him, and + ordered his wounds to be dressed, and when he began to recover, to + prevent his escaping, he ordered him to be bound at night. But he + could not be bound, for as soon as they that bound him were gone, + his bonds were loosed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now he had a + brother called Tunna, who was a priest and abbot of a monastery in + the city which is still called Tunnacaestir after him.<a id= + "noteref_679" name="noteref_679" href="#note_679"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">679</span></span></a> This + man, hearing that his brother had been killed in the battle, went + to see if haply he could find his body; and finding another very + like him in all respects, he believed it to be his. So he carried + it to his monastery, and buried it honourably, and took care often + to say Masses for the absolution of his soul; the celebration + whereof occasioned what I have said, that none could bind him but + he was presently loosed again. In the meantime, the noble that had + kept him was amazed, and began to inquire why he could not be + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page269">[pg 269]</span><a name= + "Pg269" id="Pg269" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> bound; whether + perchance he had any spells about him, such as are spoken of in + stories. He answered that he knew nothing of those arts; + <span class="tei tei-q">“but I have,”</span> said he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“a brother who is a priest in my country, and I know + that he, supposing me to be killed, is saying frequent Masses for + me; and if I were now in the other life, my soul there, through his + intercession, would be delivered from penalty.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When he had been + a prisoner with the noble some time, those who attentively observed + him, by his countenance, habit, and discourse, took notice, that he + was not of the meaner sort, as he had said, but of some quality. + The noble then privately sending for him, straitly questioned him, + whence he came, promising to do him no harm on that account if he + would frankly confess who he was. This he did, declaring that he + had been a thegn of the king's, and the noble answered, + <span class="tei tei-q">“I perceived by all your answers that you + were no peasant. And now you deserve to die, because all my + brothers and relations were killed in that fight; yet I will not + put you to death, that I may not break my promise.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">As soon, + therefore, as he was recovered, he sold him to a certain Frisian at + London, but he could not in any wise be bound either by him, or as + he was being led thither. But when his enemies had put all manner + of bonds on him, and the buyer perceived that he could in no way be + bound, he gave him leave to ransom himself if he could. Now it was + at the third hour, when the Masses were wont to be said, that his + bonds were most frequently loosed. He, having taken an oath that he + would either return, or send his owner the money for the ransom, + went into Kent to King Hlothere, who was son to the sister of Queen + Ethelthryth,<a id="noteref_680" name="noteref_680" href= + "#note_680"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">680</span></span></a> above + spoken of, for he had once been that queen's thegn. From him he + asked and obtained the price of his freedom, and as he had + promised, sent it to his master for his ransom.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Returning + afterwards into his own country, and coming to his brother, he gave + him an exact account of all his <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page270">[pg 270]</span><a name="Pg270" id="Pg270" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> misfortunes, and the consolation afforded to + him in them; and from what his brother told him he understood, that + his bonds had been generally loosed at those times when Masses had + been celebrated for him; and he perceived that other advantages and + blessings which had fallen to his lot in his time of danger, had + been conferred on him from Heaven, through the intercession of his + brother, and the Oblation of the saving Sacrifice. Many, on hearing + this account from the aforesaid man, were stirred up in faith and + pious devotion to prayer, or to alms-giving, or to make an offering + to God of the Sacrifice of the holy Oblation, for the deliverance + of their friends who had departed this world; for they knew that + such saving Sacrifice availed for the eternal redemption both of + body and soul. This story was also told me by some of those who had + heard it related by the man himself to whom it happened; therefore, + since I had a clear understanding of it, I have not hesitated to + insert it in my Ecclesiastical History.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc231" id="toc231"></a> <a name="pdf232" id="pdf232"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIII. Of the life and death of + the Abbess Hilda. [614-680</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year + after this, that is the year of our Lord 680, the most religious + handmaid of Christ, Hilda,<a id="noteref_681" name="noteref_681" + href="#note_681"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">681</span></span></a> + abbess of the monastery that is called Streanaeshalch,<a id= + "noteref_682" name="noteref_682" href="#note_682"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">682</span></span></a> as we + mentioned above, after having done many heavenly deeds on earth, + passed thence to receive the rewards of the heavenly life, on the + 17th of November, at the age of sixty-six years. Her life falls + into two equal parts, for the first thirty-three years of it she + spent living most nobly in the secular habit; and still more nobly + dedicated the remaining half to the Lord in the monastic life. For + she was nobly born, being the daughter of Hereric,<a id= + "noteref_683" name="noteref_683" href="#note_683"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">683</span></span></a> + nephew to King Edwin, and with that king she also received + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page271">[pg 271]</span><a name= + "Pg271" id="Pg271" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the faith and + mysteries of Christ, at the preaching of Paulinus, of blessed + memory,<a id="noteref_684" name="noteref_684" href= + "#note_684"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">684</span></span></a> the + first bishop of the Northumbrians, and preserved the same undefiled + till she attained to the vision of our Lord in Heaven.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When she had + resolved to quit the secular habit, and to serve Him alone, she + withdrew into the province of the East Angles, for she was allied + to the king there;<a id="noteref_685" name="noteref_685" href= + "#note_685"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">685</span></span></a> being + desirous to cross over thence into Gaul, forsaking her native + country and all that she had, and so to live a stranger for our + Lord's sake in the monastery of Cale,<a id="noteref_686" name= + "noteref_686" href="#note_686"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">686</span></span></a> that + she might the better attain to the eternal country in heaven. For + her sister Heresuid, mother to Aldwulf,<a id="noteref_687" name= + "noteref_687" href="#note_687"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">687</span></span></a> king + of the East Angles, was at that time living in the same monastery, + under regular discipline, waiting for an everlasting crown; and led + by her example, she continued a whole year in the aforesaid + province, with the design of going abroad; but afterwards, Bishop + Aidan recalled her to her home, and she received land to the extent + of one family on the north side of the river Wear;<a id= + "noteref_688" name="noteref_688" href="#note_688"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">688</span></span></a> where + likewise for a year she led a monastic life, with very few + companions.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After this she + was made abbess in the monastery called Heruteu,<a id="noteref_689" + name="noteref_689" href="#note_689"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">689</span></span></a> which + monastery had been founded, not long before, by the pious handmaid + of Christ, Heiu,<a id="noteref_690" name="noteref_690" href= + "#note_690"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">690</span></span></a> who + is said to have been the first woman in the province of the + Northumbrians who took upon her the vows and habit of a nun, being + consecrated by Bishop Aidan; but she, soon after she had founded + that monastery, retired to the city of Calcaria,<a id="noteref_691" + name="noteref_691" href="#note_691"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">691</span></span></a> which + is called Kaelcacaestir <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page272">[pg + 272]</span><a name="Pg272" id="Pg272" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + by the English, and there fixed her dwelling. Hilda, the handmaid + of Christ, being set over that monastery, began immediately to + order it in all things under a rule of life, according as she had + been instructed by learned men; for Bishop Aidan, and others of the + religious that knew her, frequently visited her and loved her + heartily, and diligently instructed her, because of her innate + wisdom and love of the service of God.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When she had for + some years governed this monastery, wholly intent upon establishing + a rule of life, it happened that she also undertook either to build + or to set in order a monastery in the place called Streanaeshalch, + and this work which was laid upon her she industriously performed; + for she put this monastery under the same rule of monastic life as + the former; and taught there the strict observance of justice, + piety, chastity, and other virtues, and particularly of peace and + charity; so that, after the example of the primitive Church, no one + there was rich, and none poor, for they had all things common, and + none had any private property. Her prudence was so great, that not + only meaner men in their need, but sometimes even kings and + princes, sought and received her counsel; she obliged those who + were under her direction to give so much time to reading of the + Holy Scriptures, and to exercise themselves so much in works of + justice, that many might readily be found there fit for the + priesthood and the service of the altar.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Indeed we have + seen five from that monastery who afterwards became bishops, and + all of them men of singular merit and sanctity, whose names were + Bosa,<a id="noteref_692" name="noteref_692" href= + "#note_692"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">692</span></span></a> + Aetla,<a id="noteref_693" name="noteref_693" href= + "#note_693"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">693</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page273">[pg 273]</span><a name= + "Pg273" id="Pg273" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Oftfor,<a id= + "noteref_694" name="noteref_694" href="#note_694"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">694</span></span></a> + John,<a id="noteref_695" name="noteref_695" href= + "#note_695"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">695</span></span></a> and + Wilfrid.<a id="noteref_696" name="noteref_696" href= + "#note_696"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">696</span></span></a> Of + the first we have said above that he was consecrated bishop of + York; of the second, it may be briefly stated that he was appointed + bishop of Dorchester. Of the last two we shall tell hereafter, that + the former was ordained bishop of Hagustald, the other of the + church of York; of the third, we may here mention that, having + applied himself to the reading and observance of the Scriptures in + both the monasteries of the Abbess Hilda,<a id="noteref_697" name= + "noteref_697" href="#note_697"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">697</span></span></a> at + length being desirous to attain to greater perfection, he went into + Kent, to Archbishop Theodore, of blessed memory; where having spent + some time in sacred studies, he resolved to go to Rome also, which, + in those days, was esteemed a very salutary undertaking. Returning + thence into Britain, he took his way into the province of the + Hwiccas,<a id="noteref_698" name="noteref_698" href= + "#note_698"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">698</span></span></a> where + King Osric then ruled,<a id="noteref_699" name="noteref_699" href= + "#note_699"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">699</span></span></a> and + continued there a long time, preaching the Word of faith, and + showing an example of good life to all that saw and heard him. At + that time, Bosel, the bishop of that province,<a id="noteref_700" + name="noteref_700" href="#note_700"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">700</span></span></a> + laboured under <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page274">[pg + 274]</span><a name="Pg274" id="Pg274" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + such weakness of body, that he could not himself perform episcopal + functions; for which reason, Oftfor was, by universal consent, + chosen bishop in his stead, and by order of King Ethelred,<a id= + "noteref_701" name="noteref_701" href="#note_701"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">701</span></span></a> + consecrated by Bishop Wilfrid,<a id="noteref_702" name= + "noteref_702" href="#note_702"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">702</span></span></a> of + blessed memory, who was then Bishop of the Midland Angles, because + Archbishop Theodore was dead, and no other bishop ordained in his + place. A little while before, that is, before the election of the + aforesaid man of God, Bosel, Tatfrid,<a id="noteref_703" name= + "noteref_703" href="#note_703"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">703</span></span></a> a man + of great industry and learning, and of excellent ability, had been + chosen bishop for that province, from the monastery of the same + abbess, but had been snatched away by an untimely death, before he + could be ordained.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus this + handmaid of Christ, the Abbess Hilda, whom all that knew her called + Mother, for her singular piety and grace, was not only an example + of good life, to those that lived in her monastery, but afforded + occasion of amendment and salvation to many who lived at a + distance, to whom the blessed fame was brought of her industry and + virtue. For it was meet that the dream of her mother, Bregusuid, + during her infancy, should be fulfilled. Now Bregusuid, at the time + that her husband, Hereric, lived in banishment, under Cerdic,<a id= + "noteref_704" name="noteref_704" href="#note_704"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">704</span></span></a> king + of the Britons, where he was also poisoned, fancied, in a dream, + that he was suddenly taken away from her and she was seeking for + him most carefully, but could find no sign of him anywhere. After + an anxious search for him, all at once she found a most precious + necklace under her garment, and whilst she was looking on it very + attentively, it seemed to shine forth with such a blaze of light + that it filled all Britain with the glory of its brilliance. This + dream was doubtless fulfilled in her daughter that <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page275">[pg 275]</span><a name="Pg275" id="Pg275" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> we speak of, whose life was an example + of the works of light, not only blessed to herself, but to many who + desired to live aright.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When she had + governed this monastery many years, it pleased Him Who has made + such merciful provision for our salvation, to give her holy soul + the trial of a long infirmity of the flesh, to the end that, + according to the Apostle's example, her virtue might be made + perfect in weakness. Struck down with a fever, she suffered from a + burning heat, and was afflicted with the same trouble for six years + continually; during all which time she never failed either to + return thanks to her Maker, or publicly and privately to instruct + the flock committed to her charge; for taught by her own experience + she admonished all men to serve the Lord dutifully, when health of + body is granted to them, and always to return thanks faithfully to + Him in adversity, or bodily infirmity. In the seventh year of her + sickness, when the disease turned inwards, her last day came, and + about cockcrow, having received the voyage provision<a id= + "noteref_705" name="noteref_705" href="#note_705"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">705</span></span></a> of + Holy Housel, and called together the handmaids of Christ that were + within the same monastery, she admonished them to preserve the + peace of the Gospel among themselves, and with all others; and even + as she spoke her words of exhortation, she joyfully saw death come, + or, in the words of our Lord, passed from death unto life.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">That same night + it pleased Almighty God, by a manifest vision, to make known her + death in another monastery, at a distance from hers, which she had + built that same year, and which is called Hacanos.<a id= + "noteref_706" name="noteref_706" href="#note_706"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">706</span></span></a> There + was in that monastery, a certain nun called Begu,<a id= + "noteref_707" name="noteref_707" href="#note_707"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">707</span></span></a> who, + having dedicated her virginity to the Lord, had served Him upwards + of thirty years in the monastic life. This nun was resting + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page276">[pg 276]</span><a name= + "Pg276" id="Pg276" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> in the dormitory of + the sisters, when on a sudden she heard in the air the well-known + sound of the bell, which used to awake and call them to prayers, + when any one of them was taken out of this world, and opening her + eyes, as she thought, she saw the roof of the house open, and a + light shed from above filling all the place. Looking earnestly upon + that light, she saw the soul of the aforesaid handmaid of God in + that same light, being carried to heaven attended and guided by + angels. Then awaking, and seeing the other sisters lying round + about her, she perceived that what she had seen had been revealed + to her either in a dream or a vision; and rising immediately in + great fear, she ran to the virgin who then presided in the + monastery in the place of the abbess,<a id="noteref_708" name= + "noteref_708" href="#note_708"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">708</span></span></a> and + whose name was Frigyth, and, with many tears and lamentations, and + heaving deep sighs, told her that the Abbess Hilda, mother of them + all, had departed this life, and had in her sight ascended to the + gates of eternal light, and to the company of the citizens of + heaven, with a great light, and with angels for her guides. Frigyth + having heard it, awoke all the sisters, and calling them to the + church, admonished them to give themselves to prayer and singing of + psalms, for the soul of their mother; which they did earnestly + during the remainder of the night; and at break of day, the + brothers came with news of her death, from the place where she had + died. They answered that they knew it before, and then related in + order how and when they had learnt it, by which it appeared that + her death had been revealed to them in a vision that same hour in + which the brothers said that she had died. Thus by a fair harmony + of events Heaven ordained, that when some saw her departure out of + this world, the others should have knowledge of her entrance into + the eternal life of souls. These monasteries are about thirteen + miles distant from each other.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is also told, + that her death was, in a vision, made known the same night to one + of the virgins dedicated to <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page277">[pg 277]</span><a name="Pg277" id="Pg277" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> God, who loved her with a great love, in the + same monastery where the said handmaid of God died. This nun saw + her soul ascend to heaven in the company of angels; and this she + openly declared, in the very same hour that it happened, to those + handmaids of Christ that were with her; and aroused them to pray + for her soul, even before the rest of the community had heard of + her death. The truth of which was known to the whole community in + the morning. This same nun was at that time with some other + handmaids of Christ, in the remotest part of the monastery, where + the women who had lately entered the monastic life were wont to + pass their time of probation, till they were instructed according + to rule, and admitted into the fellowship of the community.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc233" id="toc233"></a> <a name="pdf234" id="pdf234"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXIV" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIV. That there was in her + monastery a brother, on whom the gift of song was bestowed by + Heaven.</span><a id="noteref_709" name="noteref_709" href= + "#note_709"><span class="tei tei-noteref" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">709</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 144%">[680</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was in the + monastery of this abbess a certain brother, marked in a special + manner by the grace of God, for he was wont to make songs of piety + and religion, so that whatever was expounded to him out of + Scripture, he turned ere long into verse expressive of much + sweetness and penitence, in English, which was his native language. + By his songs the minds of many were often fired with contempt of + the world, and desire of the heavenly life. Others of the English + nation after him <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page278">[pg + 278]</span><a name="Pg278" id="Pg278" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + attempted to compose religious poems, but none could equal him, for + he did not learn the art of poetry from men, neither was he taught + by man, but by God's grace he received the free gift of song, for + which reason he never could compose any trivial or vain poem, but + only those which concern religion it behoved his religious tongue + to utter. For having lived in the secular habit till he was well + advanced in years, he had never learned anything of versifying; and + for this reason sometimes at a banquet, when it was agreed to make + merry by singing in turn, if he saw the harp come towards him, he + would rise up from table and go out and return home.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Once having done + so and gone out of the house where the banquet was, to the stable, + where he had to take care of the cattle that night, he there + composed himself to rest at the proper time. Thereupon one stood by + him in his sleep, and saluting him, and calling him by his name, + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Cædmon, sing me something.”</span> + But he answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“I cannot sing, and for + this cause I left the banquet and retired hither, because I could + not sing.”</span> Then he who talked to him replied, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nevertheless thou must needs sing to me.”</span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“What must I sing?”</span> he asked. + <span class="tei tei-q">“Sing the beginning of creation,”</span> + said the other. Having received this answer he straightway began to + sing verses to the praise of God the Creator, which he had never + heard, the purport whereof was after this manner: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Now must we praise the Maker of the heavenly kingdom, + the power of the Creator and His counsel, the deeds of the Father + of glory. How He, being the eternal God, became the Author of all + wondrous works, Who being the Almighty Guardian of the human race, + first created heaven for the sons of men to be the covering of + their dwelling place, and next the earth.”</span> This is the sense + but not the order of the words as he sang them in his sleep; for + verses, though never so well composed, cannot be literally + translated out of one language into another without loss of their + beauty and loftiness. Awaking from his sleep, he remembered all + that he had sung in his dream, and soon added more after the same + manner, in words which worthily expressed the praise of + God.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page279">[pg + 279]</span><a name="Pg279" id="Pg279" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the morning + he came to the reeve<a id="noteref_710" name="noteref_710" href= + "#note_710"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">710</span></span></a> who + was over him, and having told him of the gift he had received, was + conducted to the abbess, and bidden, in the presence of many + learned men, to tell his dream, and repeat the verses, that they + might all examine and give their judgement upon the nature and + origin of the gift whereof he spoke. And they all judged that + heavenly grace had been granted to him by the Lord. They expounded + to him a passage of sacred history or doctrine, enjoining upon him, + if he could, to put it into verse. Having undertaken this task, he + went away, and returning the next morning, gave them the passage he + had been bidden to translate, rendered in most excellent verse. + Whereupon the abbess, joyfully recognizing the grace of God in the + man, instructed him to quit the secular habit, and take upon him + monastic vows; and having received him into the monastery, she and + all her people admitted him to the company of the brethren, and + ordered that he should be taught the whole course of sacred + history. So he, giving ear to all that he could learn, and bearing + it in mind, and as it were ruminating, like a clean animal,<a id= + "noteref_711" name="noteref_711" href="#note_711"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">711</span></span></a> + turned it into most harmonious verse; and sweetly singing it, made + his masters in their turn his hearers. He sang the creation of the + world, the origin of man, and all the history of Genesis, the + departure of the children of Israel out of Egypt, their entrance + into the promised land, and many other histories from Holy + Scripture; the Incarnation, Passion, Resurrection of our Lord, and + His Ascension into heaven; the coming of the Holy Ghost, and the + teaching of the Apostles; likewise he made many songs concerning + the terror of future judgement, the horror of the pains of hell, + and the joys of heaven; besides many more about the blessings and + the judgements of God, by all of which he endeavoured to draw men + away from the love of sin, and to excite in them devotion to + well-doing and perseverance therein. For he was <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page280">[pg 280]</span><a name="Pg280" id="Pg280" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> a very religious man, humbly submissive + to the discipline of monastic rule, but inflamed with fervent zeal + against those who chose to do otherwise; for which reason he made a + fair ending of his life.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For when the + hour of his departure drew near, it was preceded by a bodily + infirmity under which he laboured for the space of fourteen days, + yet it was of so mild a nature that he could talk and go about the + whole time. In his neighbourhood was the house to which those that + were sick, and like to die, were wont to be carried. He desired the + person that ministered to him, as the evening came on of the night + in which he was to depart this life, to make ready a place there + for him to take his rest. The man, wondering why he should desire + it, because there was as yet no sign of his approaching death, + nevertheless did his bidding. When they had lain down there, and + had been conversing happily and pleasantly for some time with those + that were in the house before, and it was now past midnight, he + asked them, whether they had the Eucharist within?<a id= + "noteref_712" name="noteref_712" href="#note_712"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">712</span></span></a> They + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“What need of the Eucharist? for + you are not yet appointed to die, since you talk so merrily with + us, as if you were in good health.”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nevertheless,”</span> said he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“bring me the Eucharist.”</span> Having received It + into his hand, he asked, whether they were all in charity with him, + and had no complaint against him, nor any quarrel or grudge. They + answered, that they were all in perfect charity with him, and free + from all anger; and in their turn they asked him to be of the same + mind towards them. He answered at once, <span class="tei tei-q">“I + am in charity, my children, with all the servants of God.”</span> + Then strengthening himself with the heavenly Viaticum, he prepared + for the entrance into another life, and asked how near the time was + when the brothers should be awakened to sing the nightly praises of + the Lord?<a id="noteref_713" name="noteref_713" href= + "#note_713"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">713</span></span></a> They + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is not far off.”</span> Then + he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is well, let us await that + hour;”</span> and signing <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page281">[pg + 281]</span><a name="Pg281" id="Pg281" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + himself with the sign of the Holy Cross, he laid his head on the + pillow, and falling into a slumber for a little while, so ended his + life in silence.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus it came to + pass, that as he had served the Lord with a simple and pure mind, + and quiet devotion, so he now departed to behold His Presence, + leaving the world by a quiet death; and that tongue, which had + uttered so many wholesome words in praise of the Creator, spake its + last words also in His praise, while he signed himself with the + Cross, and commended his spirit into His hands; and by what has + been here said, he seems to have had foreknowledge of his + death.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc235" id="toc235"></a> <a name="pdf236" id="pdf236"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXV" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXV. Of the vision that + appeared to a certain man of God before the monastery of the city + Coludi was burned down.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time, + the monastery of virgins, called the city of Coludi,<a id= + "noteref_714" name="noteref_714" href="#note_714"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">714</span></span></a> + above-mentioned, was burned down, through carelessness; and yet all + that knew it might have been aware that it happened by reason of + the wickedness of those who dwelt in it, and chiefly of those who + seemed to be the greatest. But there wanted not a warning of the + approaching punishment from the Divine mercy whereby they might + have been led to amend their ways, and by fasting and tears and + prayers, like the Ninevites, have averted the anger of the just + Judge.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For there was in + that monastery a man of the Scottish race, called Adamnan,<a id= + "noteref_715" name="noteref_715" href="#note_715"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">715</span></span></a> + leading a life entirely devoted to God in continence and prayer, + insomuch that he never took any food or drink, except only on + Sundays and Thursdays; and often spent whole nights in watching and + prayer. This strictness in austerity of life he had first adopted + from the necessity of correcting the evil that <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page282">[pg 282]</span><a name="Pg282" id="Pg282" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> was in him; but in process of time the + necessity became a custom.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For in his youth + he had been guilty of some sin for which, when he came to himself, + he conceived a great horror, and dreaded lest he should be punished + for the same by the righteous Judge. Betaking himself, therefore, + to a priest, who, he hoped, might show him the way of salvation, he + confessed his guilt, and desired to be advised how he might escape + the wrath to come. The priest having heard his offence, said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“A great wound requires greater care in the + healing thereof; wherefore give yourself as far as you are able to + fasting and psalms, and prayer, to the end that thus coming before + the presence of the Lord in confession,”</span><a id="noteref_716" + name="noteref_716" href="#note_716"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">716</span></span></a> you + may find Him merciful. But he, being oppressed with great grief by + reason of his guilty conscience, and desiring to be the sooner + loosed from the inward fetters of sin, which lay heavy upon him, + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am still young in years and + strong of body, and shall, therefore, easily bear all whatsoever + you shall enjoin me to do, if so be that I may be saved in the day + of the Lord, even though you should bid me spend the whole night + standing in prayer, and pass the whole week in abstinence.”</span> + The priest replied, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is much for you to + continue for a whole week without bodily sustenance; it is enough + to observe a fast for two or three days; do this till I come again + to you in a short time, when I will more fully show you what you + ought to do, and how long to persevere in your penance.”</span> + Having so said, and prescribed the measure of his penance, the + priest went away, and upon some sudden occasion passed over into + Ireland, which was his native country, and returned no more to him, + as he had appointed. But the man remembering this injunction and + his own promise, gave himself up entirely to tears of penitence, + holy vigils and continence; so that he only took food on Thursdays + and Sundays, as has been said; and continued fasting all the other + days of the week. When he heard that his priest had gone to + Ireland, and had died there, he ever <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page283">[pg 283]</span><a name="Pg283" id="Pg283" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> after observed this manner of abstinence, + which had been appointed for him as we have said; and as he had + begun that course through the fear of God, in penitence for his + guilt, so he still continued the same unremittingly for the love of + God, and through delight in its rewards.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Having practised + this carefully for a long time, it happened that he had gone on a + certain day to a distance from the monastery, accompanied by one + the brothers; and as they were returning from this journey, when + they drew near to the monastery, and beheld its lofty buildings, + the man of God burst into tears, and his countenance discovered the + trouble of his heart. His companion, perceiving it, asked what was + the reason, to which he answered: <span class="tei tei-q">“The time + is at hand when a devouring fire shall reduce to ashes all the + buildings which you here behold, both public and private.”</span> + The other, hearing these words, when they presently came into the + monastery, told them to Aebba,<a id="noteref_717" name= + "noteref_717" href="#note_717"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">717</span></span></a> the + mother of the community. She with good cause being much troubled at + that prediction, called the man to her, and straitly questioned him + concerning the matter and how he came to know it. He answered, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Being engaged one night lately in watching + and singing psalms, on a sudden I saw one standing by me whose + countenance I did not know, and I was startled at his presence, but + he bade me not to fear, and speaking to me like a friend he said, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘You do well in that you have chosen rather + at this time of rest not to give yourself up to sleep, but to + continue in watching and prayer.’</span> I answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘I know I have great need to continue in wholesome + watching and earnest prayer to the Lord to pardon my + transgressions.’</span> He replied, <span class="tei tei-q">‘You + speak truly, for you and many more have need to redeem their sins + by good works, and when they cease from temporal labours, then to + labour the more eagerly for desire of eternal blessings; but this + very few do; for I, having now gone through all this monastery in + order, have looked into the huts<a id="noteref_718" name= + "noteref_718" href="#note_718"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">718</span></span></a> and + beds of all, and found <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page284">[pg + 284]</span><a name="Pg284" id="Pg284" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + none of them except yourself busy about the health of his soul; but + all of them, both men and women, are either sunk in slothful sleep, + or are awake in order to commit sin; for even the cells that were + built for prayer or reading, are now converted into places of + feasting, drinking, talking, and other delights; the very virgins + dedicated to God, laying aside the respect due to their profession, + whensoever they are at leisure, apply themselves to weaving fine + garments, wherewith to adorn themselves like brides, to the danger + of their state, or to gain the friendship of strange men; for which + reason, as is meet, a heavy judgement from Heaven with raging fire + is ready to fall on this place and those that dwell + therein.’</span> ”</span> The abbess said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Why did you not sooner reveal to me what you + knew?”</span> He answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“I was afraid to + do it, out of respect to you, lest you should be too much + afflicted; yet you may have this comfort, that the blow will not + fall in your days.”</span> This vision being made known, the + inhabitants of that place were for a few days in some little fear, + and leaving off their sins, began to do penance; but after the + death of the abbess they returned to their former defilement, nay, + they committed worse sins; and when they said <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Peace and safety,”</span> the doom of the aforesaid + judgement came suddenly upon them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">That all this + fell out after this manner, was told me by my most reverend + fellow-priest, Aedgils, who then lived in that monastery. + Afterwards, when many of the inhabitants had departed thence, on + account of the destruction, he lived a long time in our + monastery,<a id="noteref_719" name="noteref_719" href= + "#note_719"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">719</span></span></a> and + died there. We have thought fit to insert this in our History, to + admonish the reader of the works of the Lord, how terrible He is in + His doing toward the children of men, lest haply we should at some + time or other yield to the snares of the flesh, and dreading too + little the judgement of God, fall under His sudden wrath, and + either in His righteous anger be brought low with temporal losses, + or else be more strictly tried and snatched away to eternal + perdition.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page285">[pg 285]</span><a name= + "Pg285" id="Pg285" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc237" id="toc237"></a> <a name="pdf238" id="pdf238"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVI. Of the death of the Kings + Egfrid and Hlothere. [684-685</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 684, Egfrid, king of the Northumbrians, sending his + general, Berct,<a id="noteref_720" name="noteref_720" href= + "#note_720"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">720</span></span></a> with + an army into Ireland, miserably laid waste that unoffending nation, + which had always been most friendly to the English; insomuch that + the invading force spared not even the churches or monasteries. But + the islanders, while to the utmost of their power they repelled + force with force, implored the assistance of the Divine mercy, and + with constant imprecations invoked the vengeance of Heaven; and + though such as curse cannot inherit the kingdom of God, yet it was + believed, that those who were justly cursed on account of their + impiety, soon suffered the penalty of their guilt at the avenging + hand of God. For the very next year, when that same king had rashly + led his army to ravage the province of the Picts,<a id= + "noteref_721" name="noteref_721" href="#note_721"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">721</span></span></a> + greatly against the advice of his friends, and particularly of + Cuthbert,<a id="noteref_722" name="noteref_722" href= + "#note_722"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">722</span></span></a> of + blessed memory, who had been lately ordained bishop, the enemy made + a feigned retreat, and the king was drawn into a narrow pass among + remote mountains,<a id="noteref_723" name="noteref_723" href= + "#note_723"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">723</span></span></a> and + slain, with the greater part of the forces he had led thither, on + the 20th of May, in the fortieth year of his age, and the fifteenth + of his reign.<a id="noteref_724" name="noteref_724" href= + "#note_724"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">724</span></span></a> His + friends, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page286">[pg + 286]</span><a name="Pg286" id="Pg286" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + as has been said, advised him not to engage in this war; but since + he had the year before refused to listen to the most reverend + father, Egbert,<a id="noteref_725" name="noteref_725" href= + "#note_725"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">725</span></span></a> + advising him not to attack the Scots, who were doing him no harm, + it was laid upon him as a punishment for his sin, that he should + now not listen to those who would have prevented his death.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">From that time + the hopes and strength of the Anglian kingdom <span class= + "tei tei-q">“began to ebb and fall away;”</span><a id="noteref_726" + name="noteref_726" href="#note_726"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">726</span></span></a> for + the Picts recovered their own lands, which had been held by the + English, and so did also the Scots that were in Britain; and some + of the Britons<a id="noteref_727" name="noteref_727" href= + "#note_727"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">727</span></span></a> + regained their liberty, which they have now enjoyed for about + forty-six years. Among the many English that then either fell by + the sword, or were made slaves, or escaped by flight out of the + country of the Picts, the most reverend man of God, Trumwine,<a id= + "noteref_728" name="noteref_728" href="#note_728"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">728</span></span></a> who + had been made bishop over them, withdrew with his people that were + in the monastery of Aebbercurnig,<a id="noteref_729" name= + "noteref_729" href="#note_729"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">729</span></span></a> in + the country of the English, but close by the arm of the sea which + is the boundary between the lands of the English and the Picts. + Having commended his followers, wheresoever he could, to his + friends in the monasteries, he chose his own place of abode in the + monastery, which we have so often mentioned, of servants and + handmaids of God, at Streanaeshalch;<a id="noteref_730" name= + "noteref_730" href="#note_730"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">730</span></span></a> and + there for many years, with a few of his own brethren, he led a life + in all monastic austerity, not only to his own benefit, but to the + benefit of many others, and dying there, he was buried in the + church of the blessed Peter the Apostle,<a id="noteref_731" name= + "noteref_731" href="#note_731"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">731</span></span></a> with + the honour due to his life and rank. The royal virgin, + Elfled,<a id="noteref_732" name="noteref_732" href= + "#note_732"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">732</span></span></a> with + her mother, Eanfled, whom we have mentioned before, then presided + over that monastery; but when the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page287">[pg 287]</span><a name="Pg287" id="Pg287" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> bishop came thither, that devout teacher + found in him the greatest help in governing, and comfort in her + private life. Aldfrid<a id="noteref_733" name="noteref_733" href= + "#note_733"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">733</span></span></a> + succeeded Egfrid in the throne, being a man most learned in the + Scriptures, said to be brother to Egfrid, and son to King Oswy; he + nobly retrieved the ruined state of the kingdom, though within + narrower bounds.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same year, + being the 685th from the Incarnation of our Lord, Hlothere,<a id= + "noteref_734" name="noteref_734" href="#note_734"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">734</span></span></a> king + of Kent, died on the 6th of February, when he had reigned twelve + years after his brother Egbert,<a id="noteref_735" name= + "noteref_735" href="#note_735"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">735</span></span></a> who + had reigned nine years: he was wounded in battle with the South + Saxons, whom Edric,<a id="noteref_736" name="noteref_736" href= + "#note_736"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">736</span></span></a> the + son of Egbert, had raised against him, and died whilst his wound + was being dressed. After him, this same Edric reigned a year and a + half. On his death, kings of doubtful title, or of foreign + origin,<a id="noteref_737" name="noteref_737" href= + "#note_737"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">737</span></span></a> for + some time wasted the kingdom, till the lawful king, Wictred,<a id= + "noteref_738" name="noteref_738" href="#note_738"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">738</span></span></a> the + son of Egbert, being settled in the throne, by his piety and zeal + delivered his nation from foreign invasion.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page288">[pg 288]</span><a name= + "Pg288" id="Pg288" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc239" id="toc239"></a> <a name="pdf240" id="pdf240"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVII. How Cuthbert, a man of + God, was made bishop; and how he lived and taught whilst still in + the monastic life. [685</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the same year + in which King Egfrid departed this life,<a id="noteref_739" name= + "noteref_739" href="#note_739"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">739</span></span></a> he, + as has been said, caused the holy and venerable Cuthbert<a id= + "noteref_740" name="noteref_740" href="#note_740"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">740</span></span></a> to be + ordained bishop of the church of Lindisfarne. He had for many years + led a solitary life, in great continence of body and mind, in a + very small island, called Farne,<a id="noteref_741" name= + "noteref_741" href="#note_741"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">741</span></span></a> in + the ocean about nine miles distant from that same church. From his + earliest childhood<a id="noteref_742" name="noteref_742" href= + "#note_742"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">742</span></span></a> he + had always been inflamed with the desire of a religious life; and + he adopted the name and habit of a monk when he was quite a young + man: he first entered the monastery of Mailros,<a id="noteref_743" + name="noteref_743" href="#note_743"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">743</span></span></a> which + is on the bank of the river Tweed, and was then governed by the + Abbot Eata,<a id="noteref_744" name="noteref_744" href= + "#note_744"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">744</span></span></a> a man + of great gentleness and simplicity, who was afterward made bishop + of the church of Hagustald or Lindisfarne,<a id="noteref_745" name= + "noteref_745" href="#note_745"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">745</span></span></a> as + has been said above. The provost of the monastery at that time was + Boisil,<a id="noteref_746" name="noteref_746" href= + "#note_746"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">746</span></span></a> a + priest of great virtue and of a prophetic spirit. Cuthbert, humbly + submitting himself <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page289">[pg + 289]</span><a name="Pg289" id="Pg289" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to this man's direction, from him received both a knowledge of the + Scriptures, and an example of good works.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After he had + departed to the Lord, Cuthbert became provost of that monastery, + where he instructed many in the rule of monastic life, both by the + authority of a master, and the example of his own behaviour. Nor + did he bestow his teaching and his example in the monastic life on + his monastery alone, but laboured far and wide to convert the + people dwelling round about from the life of foolish custom, to the + love of heavenly joys; for many profaned the faith which they held + by their wicked actions; and some also, in the time of a + pestilence, neglecting the mysteries of the faith which they had + received, had recourse to the false remedies of idolatry, as if + they could have put a stop to the plague sent from God, by + incantations, amulets, or any other secrets of the Devil's art. In + order to correct the error of both sorts, he often went forth from + the monastery, sometimes on horseback, but oftener on foot, and + went to the neighbouring townships, where he preached the way of + truth to such as had gone astray; which Boisil also in his time had + been wont to do. It was then the custom of the English people, that + when a clerk or priest came to a township, they all, at his + summons, flocked together to hear the Word; willingly heard what + was said, and still more willingly practised those things that they + could hear and understand. And such was Cuthbert's skill in + speaking, so keen his desire to persuade men of what he taught, + such a light shone in his angelic face, that no man present dared + to conceal from him the secrets of his heart, but all openly + revealed in confession what they had done, thinking doubtless that + their guilt could in nowise be hidden from him; and having + confessed their sins, they wiped them out by fruits worthy of + repentance, as he bade them. He was wont chiefly to resort to those + places and preach in those villages which were situated afar off + amid steep and wild mountains, so that others dreaded to go + thither, and whereof the poverty and barbarity rendered them + inaccessible to other teachers. But he, devoting himself entirely + to that pious labour, so industriously ministered <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page290">[pg 290]</span><a name="Pg290" id="Pg290" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> to them with his wise teaching, that + when he went forth from the monastery, he would often stay a whole + week, sometimes two or three, or even sometimes a full month, + before he returned home, continuing among the hill folk to call + that simple people by his preaching and good works to the things of + Heaven.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This venerable + servant of the Lord, having thus spent many years in the monastery + of Mailros, and there become conspicuous by great tokens of virtue, + his most reverend abbot, Eata, removed him to the isle of + Lindisfarne, that he might there also, by his authority as provost + and by the example of his own practice, instruct the brethren in + the observance of regular discipline; for the same reverend father + then governed that place also as abbot. From ancient times, the + bishop was wont to reside there with his clergy, and the abbot with + his monks, who were likewise under the paternal care of the bishop; + because Aidan, who was the first bishop of the place, being himself + a monk, brought monks thither, and settled the monastic institution + there;<a id="noteref_747" name="noteref_747" href= + "#note_747"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">747</span></span></a> as + the blessed Father Augustine is known to have done before in Kent, + when the most reverend Pope Gregory wrote to him, as has been said + above, to this effect: <span class="tei tei-q">“But in that you, my + brother, having been instructed in monastic rules, must not live + apart from your clergy in the Church of the English, which has been + lately, by the will of God, converted to the faith, you must + establish the manner of conversation of our fathers in the + primitive Church, among whom, none said that aught of the things + which they possessed was his own; but they had all things + common.”</span><a id="noteref_748" name="noteref_748" href= + "#note_748"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">748</span></span></a></p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page291">[pg 291]</span><a name= + "Pg291" id="Pg291" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc241" id="toc241"></a> <a name="pdf242" id="pdf242"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXVIII. How the same St. + Cuthbert, living the life of an Anchorite, by his prayers obtained + a spring in a dry soil, and had a crop from seed sown by the labour + of his hands out of season. [676</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After this, + Cuthbert, as he grew in goodness and intensity of devotion, + attained also to a hermit's life of contemplation in silence and + solitude, as we have mentioned. But forasmuch as many years ago we + wrote enough concerning his life and virtues, both in heroic verse + and prose,<a id="noteref_749" name="noteref_749" href= + "#note_749"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">749</span></span></a> it + may suffice at present only to mention this, that when he was about + to go to the island, he declared to the brothers, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“If by the grace of God it shall be granted to me, that + I may live in that place by the labour of my hands, I will + willingly abide there; but if not, God willing, I will very soon + return to you.”</span> The place was quite destitute of water, + corn, and trees; and being infested by evil spirits, was very ill + suited for human habitation; but it became in all respects + habitable, at the desire of the man of God; for at his coming the + wicked spirits departed. When, after expelling the enemy, he had, + with the help of the brethren, built himself a narrow dwelling, + with a mound about it, and the necessary cells in it, to wit, an + oratory and a common living room, he ordered the brothers to dig a + pit in the floor of the room, although the ground was hard and + stony, and no hopes appeared of any spring. When they had done this + relying upon the faith and prayers of the servant of God, the next + day it was found to be full of water, and to this day affords + abundance of its heavenly bounty to all that resort thither. He + also desired that instruments for husbandry might be brought him, + and some wheat; but having prepared the ground and sown the wheat + at the proper season, no sign of a blade, not to speak of ears, had + sprouted from it by the summer. Hereupon, when the brethren visited + him according to custom, he ordered barley to be brought him, if + haply it <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page292">[pg + 292]</span><a name="Pg292" id="Pg292" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + were either the nature of the soil, or the will of God, the Giver + of all things, that such grain rather should grow there. He sowed + it in the same field, when it was brought him, after the proper + time of sowing, and therefore without any likelihood of its bearing + fruit; but a plentiful crop immediately sprang up, and afforded the + man of God the means which he had desired of supporting himself by + his own labour.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When he had here + served God in solitude many years, the mound which encompassed his + dwelling being so high, that he could see nothing from it but + heaven, which he thirsted to enter, it happened that a great synod + was assembled in the presence of King Egfrid, near the river Alne, + at a place called Adtuifyrdi,<a id="noteref_750" name="noteref_750" + href="#note_750"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">750</span></span></a> which + signifies <span class="tei tei-q">“at the two fords,”</span> in + which Archbishop Theodore, of blessed memory, presided, and there + Cuthbert was, with one mind and consent of all, chosen bishop of + the church of Lindisfarne. They could not, however, draw him from + his hermitage, though many messengers and letters were sent to him. + At last the aforesaid king himself, with the most holy Bishop + Trumwine,<a id="noteref_751" name="noteref_751" href= + "#note_751"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">751</span></span></a> and + other religious and powerful men, sailed to the island; many also + of the brothers from the isle of Lindisfarne itself, assembled + together for the same purpose: they all knelt, and conjured him by + the Lord, with tears and entreaties, till they drew him, also in + tears, from his beloved retreat, and forced him to go to the synod. + When he arrived there, he was very reluctantly overcome by the + unanimous resolution of all present, and compelled to take upon + himself the duties of the episcopate; being chiefly prevailed upon + by the words of Boisil, the servant of God, who, when he had + prophetically<a id="noteref_752" name="noteref_752" href= + "#note_752"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">752</span></span></a> + foretold all things that were to befall him, had also predicted + that he should be a bishop. Nevertheless, the consecration was not + appointed <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page293">[pg + 293]</span><a name="Pg293" id="Pg293" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + immediately; but when the winter, which was then at hand, was over, + it was carried out at Easter,<a id="noteref_753" name="noteref_753" + href="#note_753"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">753</span></span></a> in + the city of York, and in the presence of the aforesaid King Egfrid; + seven bishops coming together for his consecration, among whom, + Theodore, of blessed memory, was Primate. He was first elected + bishop of the church of Hagustald, in the place of Tunbert,<a id= + "noteref_754" name="noteref_754" href="#note_754"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">754</span></span></a> who + had been deposed from the episcopate; but because he chose rather + to be placed over the church of Lindisfarne, in which he had lived, + it was thought fit that Eata should return to the see of the church + of Hagustald, to which he had been first ordained, and that + Cuthbert should take upon him the government of the church of + Lindisfarne.<a id="noteref_755" name="noteref_755" href= + "#note_755"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">755</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Following the + example of the blessed Apostles, he adorned the episcopal dignity + by his virtuous deeds; for he both protected the people committed + to his charge by constant prayer, and roused them, by wholesome + admonitions, to thoughts of Heaven. He first showed in his own life + what he taught others to do, a practice which greatly strengthens + all teaching; for he was above all things inflamed with the fire of + Divine charity, of sober mind and patient, most diligently intent + on devout prayers, and kindly to all that came to him for comfort. + He thought it stood in the stead of prayer to afford the weak + brethren the help of his exhortation, knowing that he who said + <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou shalt love the Lord thy God,”</span> + said likewise, <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou shalt love thy + neighbour.”</span> He was noted for penitential abstinence, and was + always through the grace of compunction, intent upon heavenly + things. And when he offered up to God the Sacrifice of the saving + Victim, he commended his prayer to the Lord, not with uplifted + voice, but with tears drawn from the bottom of his heart.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page294">[pg 294]</span><a name= + "Pg294" id="Pg294" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc243" id="toc243"></a> <a name="pdf244" id="pdf244"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXIX" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIX. How this bishop foretold + that his own death was at hand to the anchorite Herebert. + [687</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Having spent two + years in his bishopric, he returned to his island and + hermitage,<a id="noteref_756" name="noteref_756" href= + "#note_756"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">756</span></span></a> being + warned of God that the day of his death, or rather of his entrance + into that life which alone can be called life, was drawing near; as + he, at that time, with his wonted candour, signified to certain + persons, though in words which were somewhat obscure, but which + were nevertheless afterwards plainly understood; while to others he + declared the same openly.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was a + certain priest, called Herebert, a man of holy life, who had long + been united with the man of God, Cuthbert, in the bonds of + spiritual friendship. This man leading a solitary life in the + island of that great lake from which the river Derwent flows at its + beginning,<a id="noteref_757" name="noteref_757" href= + "#note_757"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">757</span></span></a> was + wont to visit him every year, and to receive from him the teaching + of everlasting salvation. Hearing that Bishop Cuthbert was come to + the city of Lugubalia,<a id="noteref_758" name="noteref_758" href= + "#note_758"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">758</span></span></a> he + went thither to him, according to his custom, seeking to be more + and more inflamed in heavenly desires through his wholesome + admonitions. Whilst they alternately entertained one another with + draughts of the celestial life, the bishop, among other things, + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Brother Herebert, remember at this + time to ask me and speak to me concerning all whereof you have need + to ask and speak; for, when we part, we shall never again see one + another with bodily eyesight in this world. For I know of a surety + that the time of my departure is at hand, and that shortly I must + put off this my tabernacle.”</span> Hearing these words, Herebert + fell down at his feet, with tears and lamentations, and said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“I beseech you, by the Lord, not to forsake + me; but to remember your most <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page295">[pg 295]</span><a name="Pg295" id="Pg295" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> faithful companion, and entreat the mercy of + God that, as we have served Him together upon earth, so we may + depart together to behold His grace in Heaven. For you know that I + have always endeavoured to live according to the words of your + lips, and likewise whatsoever faults I have committed, either + through ignorance or frailty, I have instantly sought to amend + according to the judgement of your will.”</span> The bishop applied + himself to prayer, and having presently had intimation in the + spirit that he had obtained what he asked of the Lord, he said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Rise, brother, and do not weep, but + rejoice greatly because the mercy of Heaven has granted what we + desired.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The event + established the truth of this promise and prophecy, for after their + parting, they never again saw one another in the flesh; but their + spirits quitting their bodies on one and the same day, to wit, the + 20th of March,<a id="noteref_759" name="noteref_759" href= + "#note_759"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">759</span></span></a> were + immediately united in fellowship in the blessed vision, and + together translated to the heavenly kingdom by the ministry of + angels. But Herebert was first wasted by a long-continued + infirmity, through the dispensation of the Lord's mercy, as may be + believed, to the end that if he was in any wise inferior in merit + to the blessed Cuthbert, that which was lacking might be supplied + by the chastening pain of a long sickness, that being thus made + equal in grace to his intercessor, as he departed out of the body + at one and the same time with him, so he might be accounted worthy + to be received into the like abode of eternal bliss.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The most + reverend father died in the isle of Farne, earnestly entreating the + brothers that he might also be buried there, where he had served no + small time under the Lord's banner. But at length yielding to their + entreaties, he consented to be carried back to the isle of + Lindisfarne, and there buried in the church.<a id="noteref_760" + name="noteref_760" href="#note_760"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">760</span></span></a> This + being <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page296">[pg 296]</span><a name= + "Pg296" id="Pg296" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> done, the venerable + Bishop Wilfrid held the episcopal see of that church one + year,<a id="noteref_761" name="noteref_761" href= + "#note_761"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">761</span></span></a> till + such time as a bishop should be chosen to be ordained in the room + of Cuthbert. Afterwards Eadbert<a id="noteref_762" name= + "noteref_762" href="#note_762"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">762</span></span></a> was + ordained, a man renowned for his knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, + as also for his observance of the heavenly precepts, and chiefly + for almsgiving, so that, according to the law, he gave every year + the tenth part, not only of four-footed beasts, but also of all + corn and fruit, as also of his garments, to the poor.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc245" id="toc245"></a> <a name="pdf246" id="pdf246"></a> + <a name="Book_IV_Chap_XXX" id="Book_IV_Chap_XXX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXX. How his body was found + altogether uncorrupted after it had been buried eleven years; and + how his successor in the bishopric departed this world not long + after. [698</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In order to show + forth the great glory of the life after death of the man of God, + Cuthbert, whereas the loftiness of his life before his death had + been revealed by the testimony of many miracles, when he had been + buried eleven years, Divine Providence put it into the minds of the + brethren to take up his bones. They thought to find them dry and + all the rest of the body consumed and turned to dust, after the + manner of the dead, and they desired to put them into a new coffin, + and to lay them in the same place, but above the pavement, for the + honour due to him. They made known their resolve to Bishop Eadbert, + and he consented to it, and bade them to be mindful to do it on the + anniversary of his burial. They did so, and opening the grave, + found all the body whole, as if he were still alive, and the joints + of the limbs pliable, like one asleep rather than dead; besides, + all the vestments in which he was clothed were not only undefiled, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page297">[pg 297]</span><a name= + "Pg297" id="Pg297" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> but marvellous to + behold, being fresh and bright as at the first. The brothers seeing + this, were struck with a great dread, and hastened to tell the + bishop what they had found; he being then alone in a place remote + from the church, and encompassed on all sides by the shifting waves + of the sea. There he always used to spend the time of Lent, and was + wont to pass the forty days before the Nativity of our Lord, in + great devotion with abstinence and prayer and tears. There also his + venerable predecessor, Cuthbert, had for some time served as the + soldier of the Lord in solitude before he went to the isle of + Farne.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">They brought him + also some part of the garments that had covered the holy body; + which presents he thankfully accepted, and gladly heard of the + miracles, and he kissed the garments even, with great affection, as + if they had been still upon his father's body, and said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Let new garments be put upon the body, in + place of these you have brought, and so lay it in the coffin which + you have prepared; for I know of a surety that the place will not + long remain empty, which has been hallowed with so great grace of + heavenly miracles; and how happy is he to whom the Lord, the Author + and Giver of all bliss, shall vouchsafe to grant the privilege of + resting therein.”</span> When the bishop had made an end of saying + this and more in like manner, with many tears and great compunction + and with faltering tongue, the brothers did as he had commanded + them, and when they had wrapped the body in new garments, and laid + it in a new coffin, they placed it above the pavement of the + sanctuary. Soon after, Bishop Eadbert, beloved of God, fell + grievously sick, and his fever daily increasing in severity, ere + long, that is, on the 6th of May,<a id="noteref_763" name= + "noteref_763" href="#note_763"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">763</span></span></a> he + also departed to the Lord, and they laid his body in the grave of + the blessed father Cuthbert, placing over it the coffin, with the + uncorrupted remains of that father. The miracles of healing, + sometimes wrought in that place testify to the merits of them both; + of some of these we <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page298">[pg + 298]</span><a name="Pg298" id="Pg298" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + have before preserved the memory in the book of his life. But in + this History we have thought fit to add some others which have + lately come to our knowledge.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc247" id="toc247"></a> <a name="pdf248" id="pdf248"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXXI. Of one that was cured of + a palsy at his tomb.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was in + that same monastery a brother whose name was Badudegn, who had for + no small time ministered to the guests of the house, and is still + living, having the testimony of all the brothers and strangers + resorting thither, of being a man of much piety and religion, and + serving the office put upon him only for the sake of the heavenly + reward. This man, having one day washed in the sea the coverings or + blankets which he used in the guest chamber, was returning home, + when on the way, he was seized with a sudden infirmity, insomuch + that he fell to the ground, and lay there a long time and could + scarce at last rise again. When he got up, he felt one half of his + body, from the head to the foot, struck with palsy, and with great + trouble made his way home by the help of a staff. The disease + increased by degrees, and as night approached, became still worse, + so that when day returned, he could scarcely rise or walk alone. + Suffering from this trouble, he conceived the wise resolve to go to + the church, as best he could, and approach the tomb of the reverend + father Cuthbert, and there, on his knees, humbly beseech the mercy + of God that he might either be delivered from that disease, if it + were well for him, or if by the grace of God it was ordained for + him to be chastened longer by this affliction, that he might bear + the pain which was laid upon him with patience and a quiet + mind.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He did + accordingly as he had determined, and supporting his weak limbs + with a staff, entered the church. There prostrating himself before + the body of the man of God, he prayed with pious earnestness, that, + through his intercession, the Lord might be propitious to him. As + he prayed, he seemed to fall into a deep sleep, and, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page299">[pg 299]</span><a name="Pg299" id="Pg299" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> as he was afterwards wont to relate, + felt a large and broad hand touch his head, where the pain lay, and + likewise pass over all that part of his body which had been + benumbed by the disease, down to his feet. Gradually the pain + departed and health returned. Then he awoke, and rose up in perfect + health, and returning thanks to the Lord for his recovery, told the + brothers what had been done for him; and to the joy of them all, + returned the more zealously, as if chastened by the trial of his + affliction, to the service which he was wont before to perform with + care.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Moreover, the + very garments which had been on Cuthbert's body, dedicated to God, + either while he was alive, or after his death, were not without the + virtue of healing, as may be seen in the book of his life and + miracles, by such as shall read it.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc249" id="toc249"></a> <a name="pdf250" id="pdf250"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXXII. Of one who was lately + cured of a disease in his eye at the relics of St. + Cuthbert.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor is that cure + to be passed over in silence, which was performed by his relics + three years ago, and was told me lately by the brother himself, on + whom it was wrought. It happened in the monastery, which, being + built near the river Dacore,<a id="noteref_764" name="noteref_764" + href="#note_764"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">764</span></span></a> has + taken its name from the same, over which, at that time, the + religious Suidbert<a id="noteref_765" name="noteref_765" href= + "#note_765"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">765</span></span></a> + presided as abbot. In that monastery was a youth whose eyelid was + disfigured by an unsightly tumour, which growing daily greater, + threatened the loss of the eye. The physicians endeavoured to + mitigate it by applying ointments, but in vain. Some said it ought + to be cut off; others opposed this course, for fear of greater + danger. The brother having long laboured under this malady, when no + human means availed to save his eye, but rather, it grew daily + worse, on a sudden, through the grace of the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page300">[pg 300]</span><a name="Pg300" id="Pg300" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> mercy of God, it came to pass that he + was cured by the relics of the holy father, Cuthbert. For when the + brethren found his body uncorrupted, after having been many years + buried, they took some part of the hair, to give, as relics, to + friends who asked for them, or to show, in testimony of the + miracle.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">One of the + priests of the monastery, named Thruidred, who is now abbot there, + had a small part of these relics by him at that time. One day he + went into the church and opened the box of relics, to give some + part of them to a friend who asked for it, and it happened that the + youth who had the diseased eye was then in the church. The priest, + having given his friend as much as he thought fit, gave the rest to + the youth to put back into its place. But he having received the + hairs of the holy head, prompted by some salutary impulse, applied + them to the diseased eyelid, and endeavoured for some time, by the + application of them, to abate and mitigate the tumour. Having done + this, he again laid the relics in the box, as he had been bidden, + believing that his eye would soon be cured by the hairs of the man + of God, which had touched it; nor did his faith disappoint him. It + was then, as he is wont to relate, about the second hour of the + day; but while he was occupied with other thoughts and business of + the day, on a sudden, about the sixth hour of the same, touching + his eye, he found it and the eyelid as sound as if there never had + been any disfigurement or tumour on it.</p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page301">[pg 301]</span><a name= + "Pg301" id="Pg301" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc251" id="toc251"></a> <a name="pdf252" id="pdf252"></a> + <a name="Book_V" id="Book_V" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Book V</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc253" id="toc253"></a> <a name="pdf254" id="pdf254"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_I" id="Book_V_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. I. How Ethelwald, successor to + Cuthbert, leading a hermit's life, calmed a tempest by his prayers + when the brethren were in danger at sea. [687-699</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The venerable + Ethelwald<a id="noteref_766" name="noteref_766" href= + "#note_766"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">766</span></span></a> + succeeded the man of God, Cuthbert, in the exercise of a solitary + life, which he spent in the isle of Farne<a id="noteref_767" name= + "noteref_767" href="#note_767"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">767</span></span></a> + before he became a bishop. After he had received the priesthood, he + consecrated his office by deeds worthy of that degree for many + years in the monastery which is called Inhrypum.<a id="noteref_768" + name="noteref_768" href="#note_768"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">768</span></span></a> To + the end that his merit and manner of life may be the more certainly + made known, I will relate one miracle of his, which was told me by + one of the brothers for and on whom the same was wrought; to wit, + Guthfrid, the venerable servant and priest of Christ, who also, + afterwards, as abbot, presided over the brethren of the same church + of Lindisfarne, in which he was educated.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“I came,”</span> says he, <span class="tei tei-q">“to + the island of Farne, with two others of the brethren, desiring to + speak with the most reverend father, Ethelwald. Having been + refreshed with his discourse, and asked for his blessing, as we + were returning home, behold on a sudden, when we were in the midst + of the sea, the fair weather in which we were sailing, was broken, + and there arose so great and terrible a tempest, that neither sails + nor oars were of any use to us, nor had we anything to expect but + death. After long struggling with the wind and waves to no effect, + at last we looked back to see whether it was possible by any means + at least to return to the island whence we came, but we found that + we were on all sides alike cut off by the storm, and that there was + no hope of escape by our own <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page302">[pg 302]</span><a name="Pg302" id="Pg302" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> efforts. But looking further, we perceived, + on the island of Farne, our father Ethelwald, beloved of God, come + out of his retreat to watch our course; for, hearing the noise of + the tempest and raging sea, he had come forth to see what would + become of us. When he beheld us in distress and despair, he bowed + his knees to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, in prayer for our + life and safety; and as he finished his prayer, he calmed the + swelling water, in such sort that the fierceness of the storm + ceased on all sides, and fair winds attended us over a smooth sea + to the very shore. When we had landed, and had pulled up our small + vessel from the waves, the storm, which had ceased a short time for + our sake, presently returned, and raged furiously during the whole + day; so that it plainly appeared that the brief interval of calm + had been granted by Heaven in answer to the prayers of the man of + God, to the end that we might escape.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The man of God + remained in the isle of Farne twelve years, and died there; but was + buried in the church of the blessed Apostle Peter, in the isle of + Lindisfarne, beside the bodies of the aforesaid bishops.<a id= + "noteref_769" name="noteref_769" href="#note_769"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">769</span></span></a> These + things happened in the days of King Aldfrid,<a id="noteref_770" + name="noteref_770" href="#note_770"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">770</span></span></a> who, + after his brother Egfrid, ruled the nation of the Northumbrians for + nineteen years.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc255" id="toc255"></a> <a name="pdf256" id="pdf256"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_II" id="Book_V_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. II. How Bishop John cured a + dumb man by his blessing. [687</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the beginning + of Aldfrid's reign, Bishop Eata<a id="noteref_771" name= + "noteref_771" href="#note_771"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">771</span></span></a> died, + and was succeeded in the bishopric of the church of Hagustald by + the holy man John,<a id="noteref_772" name="noteref_772" href= + "#note_772"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">772</span></span></a> of + whom those that knew him well are wont to tell many miracles, and + more particularly Berthun,<a id="noteref_773" name="noteref_773" + href="#note_773"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">773</span></span></a> a man + worthy of all reverence and <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page303">[pg 303]</span><a name="Pg303" id="Pg303" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> of undoubted truthfulness, and once his + deacon, now abbot of the monastery called Inderauuda,<a id= + "noteref_774" name="noteref_774" href="#note_774"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">774</span></span></a> that + is, <span class="tei tei-q">“In the wood of the Deiri”</span>: some + of which miracles we have thought fit to hand on to posterity. + There is a certain remote dwelling<a id="noteref_775" name= + "noteref_775" href="#note_775"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">775</span></span></a> + enclosed by a mound, among scattered trees, not far from the church + of Hagustald, being about a mile and a half distant and separated + from it by the river Tyne, having an oratory<a id="noteref_776" + name="noteref_776" href="#note_776"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">776</span></span></a> + dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel, where the man of God used + frequently, as occasion offered, and specially in Lent, to abide + with a few companions and in quiet give himself to prayer and + study. Having come hither once at the beginning of Lent to stay, he + bade his followers find out some poor man labouring under any + grievous infirmity, or want, whom they might keep with them during + those days, to receive alms, for so he was always used to do.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was in a + township not far off, a certain youth who was dumb, known to the + bishop, for he often used to come into his presence to receive + alms. He had never been able to speak one word; besides, he had so + much scurf and scab on his head, that no hair could ever grow on + the top of it, but only some rough hairs stood on end round about + it. The bishop caused this young man to be brought, and a little + hut to be made for him within the enclosure of the dwelling, in + which he might abide, and receive alms from him every day. When one + week of Lent was over, the next Sunday he bade the poor + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page304">[pg 304]</span><a name= + "Pg304" id="Pg304" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> man come to him, and + when he had come, he bade him put his tongue out of his mouth and + show it him; then taking him by the chin, he made the sign of the + Holy Cross on his tongue, directing him to draw it back so signed + into his mouth and to speak. <span class="tei tei-q">“Pronounce + some word,”</span> said he; <span class="tei tei-q">“say + <span class="tei tei-q">‘gae,’</span> ”</span> which, in the + language of the English, is the word of affirming and consenting, + that is, yes. The youth's tongue was immediately loosed, and he + spoke as he was bidden. The bishop then added the names of the + letters: <span class="tei tei-q">“Say A.”</span> He said A. + <span class="tei tei-q">“Say B;”</span> he said B also. When he had + repeated all the letters after the bishop, the latter proceeded to + put syllables and words to him, and when he had repeated them all + rightly he bade him utter whole sentences, and he did it. Nor did + he cease all that day and the next night, as long as he could keep + awake, as those who were present relate, to say something, and to + express his private thoughts and wishes to others, which he could + never do before; after the manner of the man long lame, who, when + he was healed by the Apostles Peter and John,<a id="noteref_777" + name="noteref_777" href="#note_777"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">777</span></span></a> + leaping up, stood and walked, and entered with them into the + temple, walking, and leaping, and praising the Lord, rejoicing to + have the use of his feet, which he had so long lacked. The bishop, + rejoicing with him at his cure, caused the physician to take in + hand the healing of the sores of his head. He did as he was bidden, + and with the help of the bishop's blessing and prayers, a goodly + head of hair grew as the skin was healed. Thus the youth became + fair of countenance, ready of speech, with hair curling in comely + fashion, whereas before he had been ill-favoured, miserable, and + dumb. Thus filled with joy at his recovered health, notwithstanding + that the bishop offered to keep him in his own household, he chose + rather to return home.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page305">[pg 305]</span><a name= + "Pg305" id="Pg305" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc257" id="toc257"></a> <a name="pdf258" id="pdf258"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_III" id="Book_V_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. III. How he healed a sick + maiden by his prayers. [705</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same Berthun + told another miracle concerning the said bishop. When the most + reverend Wilfrid, after a long banishment, was admitted to the + bishopric of the church of Hagustald,<a id="noteref_778" name= + "noteref_778" href="#note_778"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">778</span></span></a> and + the aforesaid John, upon the death of Bosa,<a id="noteref_779" + name="noteref_779" href="#note_779"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">779</span></span></a> a man + of great sanctity and humility, was, in his place, appointed bishop + of York, he himself came, once upon a time, to the monastery of + nuns, at the place called Wetadun,<a id="noteref_780" name= + "noteref_780" href="#note_780"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">780</span></span></a> where + the Abbess Heriburg then presided. <span class="tei tei-q">“When we + were come thither,”</span> said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“and + had been received with great and universal joy, the abbess told us, + that one of the nuns, who was her own daughter after the flesh, + laboured under a grievous sickness, for she had been lately let + blood in the arm, and whilst she was under treatment,<a id= + "noteref_781" name="noteref_781" href="#note_781"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">781</span></span></a> was + seized with an attack of sudden pain, which speedily increased, + while the wounded arm became worse, and so much swollen, that it + could scarce be compassed with both hands; and she lay in bed like + to die through excess of pain. Wherefore the abbess entreated the + bishop that he would vouchsafe to go in and give her his blessing; + for she believed that she would soon be better if he blessed her or + laid his hands upon her. He asked when the maiden had been let + blood, and being told that it was on the fourth day of the moon, + said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘You did very indiscreetly and + unskilfully to let blood on the fourth day of the moon; for I + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page306">[pg 306]</span><a name= + "Pg306" id="Pg306" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> remember that + Archbishop Theodore,<a id="noteref_782" name="noteref_782" href= + "#note_782"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">782</span></span></a> of + blessed memory, said, that blood-letting at that time was very + dangerous, when the light of the moon is waxing and the tide of the + ocean is rising. And what can I do for the maiden if she is like to + die?’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But the abbess still earnestly entreated for her + daughter, whom she dearly loved, and designed to make abbess in her + stead,<a id="noteref_783" name="noteref_783" href= + "#note_783"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">783</span></span></a> and + at last prevailed with him to go in and visit the sick maiden. + Wherefore he went in, taking me with him to the maid, who lay, as I + said, in sore anguish, and her arm swelling so greatly that it + could not be bent at all at the elbow; and he stood and said a + prayer over her, and having given his blessing, went out. + Afterwards, as we were sitting at table, at the usual hour, some + one came in and called me out, saying, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Quoenburg’</span> (that was the maid's name) + <span class="tei tei-q">‘desires that you should immediately go + back to her.’</span> This I did, and entering the chamber, I found + her of more cheerful countenance, and like one in good health. And + while I was sitting beside her, she said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Shall we call for something to + drink?’</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">‘Yes,’</span> said I, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘and right glad am I, if you can.’</span> + When the cup was brought, and we had both drunk, she said, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘As soon as the bishop had said the prayer + for me and given me his blessing and had gone out, I immediately + began to mend; and though I have not yet recovered my former + strength, yet all the pain is quite gone both from my arm, where it + was most burning, and from all my body, as if the bishop had + carried it away with him; notwithstanding the swelling of the arm + still seems to remain.’</span> But when we departed thence, the + cure of the pain in her limbs was followed by the assuaging of the + grievous swelling; and the maiden <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page307">[pg 307]</span><a name="Pg307" id="Pg307" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> being thus delivered from pains and death, + returned praise to our Lord and Saviour, in company with His other + servants who were there.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc259" id="toc259"></a> <a name="pdf260" id="pdf260"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IV. How he healed a thegn's + wife that was sick, with holy water.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same abbot + related another miracle, not unlike the former, of the aforesaid + bishop. <span class="tei tei-q">“Not very far from our + monastery,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“to wit, about + two miles off, was the township<a id="noteref_784" name= + "noteref_784" href="#note_784"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">784</span></span></a> of + one Puch, a thegn, whose wife had lain sick of a very grievous + disease for nearly forty days, insomuch that for three weeks she + could not be carried out of the chamber where she lay. It happened + that the man of God was, at that time, called thither by the thegn + to consecrate a church; and when that was done, the thegn desired + him to come into his house and dine. The bishop declined, saying + that he must return to the monastery, which was very near. The + thegn, entreating him more earnestly, vowed he would also give alms + to the poor, if so be that the bishop would vouchsafe to enter his + house that day and break his fast. I joined my entreaties to his, + promising in like manner to give alms for the relief of the + poor,<a id="noteref_785" name="noteref_785" href= + "#note_785"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">785</span></span></a> if he + would but go and dine at the thegn's house, and give his blessing. + Having at length, with much difficulty, prevailed, we went in to + refresh ourselves. The bishop had sent to the woman that lay sick + some of the holy water, which he had blessed for the consecration + of the church, by one of the brothers who had come with me, + ordering him to give her some to drink, and wash that part of her + where he found that her pain was greatest, with some of the same + water. This being done, the woman immediately got up whole and + sound, and perceiving that she had not only been delivered from her + long sickness, but at the same time had recovered the strength + which she had lost for <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page308">[pg + 308]</span><a name="Pg308" id="Pg308" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + so great a time, she presented the cup to the bishop and to us, and + continued serving us with meat and drink as she had begun, till + dinner was over; following the example of the blessed Peter's + wife's mother, who, having been sick of a fever, arose at the touch + of our Lord's hand, and having forthwith received health and + strength, ministered to them.”</span><a id="noteref_786" name= + "noteref_786" href="#note_786"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">786</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc261" id="toc261"></a> <a name="pdf262" id="pdf262"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. V. How he likewise recalled by + his prayers a thegn's servant from death.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At another time + also, being called to consecrate the church<a id="noteref_787" + name="noteref_787" href="#note_787"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">787</span></span></a> of a + thegn named Addi, when he had performed the required duty, he was + entreated by the thegn to go in to one of his servants, who lay + dangerously ill, insomuch that having lost all use of his limbs, he + seemed to be at the point of death; and moreover the coffin had + been made ready wherein to bury him after his death. The thegn + urged his entreaties with tears, earnestly beseeching him that he + would go in and pray for the servant, because his life was of great + moment to him; and he believed that if the bishop would lay his + hand upon him and give him his blessing, he would soon mend. So the + bishop went in, and saw him very near death, and by his side the + coffin in which he was to be laid for his burial, whilst all + mourned. He said a prayer and blessed him, and going out, spake the + wonted words of comfort, <span class="tei tei-q">“Good health be + yours and that speedily.”</span> Afterwards, when they were sitting + at table, the servant sent to his lord, desiring that he would let + him have a cup of wine, because he was thirsty. The thegn, + rejoicing greatly that he could drink, sent him a cup of wine, + blessed by the bishop; and, as soon as he had drunk it, he + immediately got up, and, shaking off the heaviness of his + infirmity, dressed himself and went forth, and going in to the + bishop, saluted him and the other guests, saying <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page309">[pg 309]</span><a name="Pg309" id="Pg309" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> that he also would gladly eat and drink + with them. They bade him sit down with them at table, greatly + rejoicing at his recovery. He sat down, ate and drank and made + merry, and behaved himself like the rest of the company; and living + many years after, continued in the same health which he had gained. + The aforesaid abbot says this miracle was not wrought in his + presence, but that he had it from those who were present.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc263" id="toc263"></a> <a name="pdf264" id="pdf264"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_VI" id="Book_V_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VI. How, both by his prayers + and blessing, he recalled from death one of his clerks, who had + bruised himself by a fall.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor do I think + that this miracle, which Herebald,<a id="noteref_788" name= + "noteref_788" href="#note_788"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">788</span></span></a> the + servant of Christ, says was wrought upon himself by the bishop, is + to be passed over in silence. He was then one of that bishop's + clergy, but now presides as abbot in the monastery at the mouth of + the river Tyne.<a id="noteref_789" name="noteref_789" href= + "#note_789"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">789</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Living with him,”</span> said he, + <span class="tei tei-q">“and being very well acquainted with his + course of life, I found it to be in all points worthy of a bishop, + as far as it is lawful for men to judge; but I have known by the + experience of others, and more particularly by my own, how great + his merit was before Him Who seeth the heart; having been by his + prayer and blessing recalled from the threshold of death and + brought back to the way of life. For, when in the prime of my + youth, I lived among his clergy, applying myself to reading and + singing, but not having yet altogether withdrawn my heart from + youthful pleasures, it happened one day that, as we were travelling + with him, we came into a plain and open road, well fitted for + galloping. The young men that were with him, and especially the + laymen, began to entreat the bishop to give them leave to gallop, + and make trial of their <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page310">[pg + 310]</span><a name="Pg310" id="Pg310" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + horses one with another. He at first refused, saying that it was an + idle request; but at last, overcome by the unanimous desire of so + many, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Do so,’</span> said he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘if you will, but let Herebald have no part in the + trial.’</span> Then I earnestly prayed that I might have leave to + compete with the rest, for I relied on an excellent horse, which he + had himself given me, but I could in no wise obtain my + request.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“When they had several times galloped backwards and + forwards, the bishop and I looking on, my wanton humour prevailed, + and I could no longer refrain, but though he forbade me, I struck + in among them at their sport, and began to ride with them at full + speed; whereat I heard him call after me with a groan, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Alas! how much you grieve me by riding after that + manner.’</span> Though I heard him, I went on against his command; + but immediately the fiery horse taking a great leap over a hollow + place in the way, I fell, and at once lost all sense and motion, + like one dying; for there was in that place a stone, level with the + ground, covered with only a thin coating of turf, and no other + stone was to be found in all that expanse of plain; and it happened + by chance, or rather by Divine Providence so ordering it, to punish + my disobedience, that my head and my hand, which in falling I had + put under my head, struck upon that stone, so that my thumb was + broken and my skull fractured, and I became, as I said, like one + dead.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And because I could not move, they stretched a tent + there for me to lie in. It was about the seventh hour of the day, + and having lain still and as it were dead from that time till the + evening, I then revived a little, and was carried home by my + companions, and lay speechless all the night, vomiting blood, + because something was broken within me by the fall. The bishop was + very much grieved at my fall and my misfortune, for he bore me + extraordinary affection. Nor would he stay that night, as he was + wont, among his clergy; but spent it alone in watching and prayer, + imploring the Divine goodness, as I suppose, for my preservation. + Coming to me early in the morning, and having said a prayer over + me, he <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page311">[pg + 311]</span><a name="Pg311" id="Pg311" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + called me by my name, and when I awoke as it were out of a heavy + sleep, he asked whether I knew who it was that spoke to me? I + opened my eyes and said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Yes; you are my + beloved bishop.’</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">‘Can you + live?’</span> said he. I answered, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I can, + through your prayers, if the Lord will.’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He then laid his hand on my head, with the words of + blessing, and returned to prayer; when he came again to see me, in + a short time, he found me sitting and able to talk; and, being + moved by Divine inspiration, as it soon appeared, began to ask me, + whether I knew for certain that I had been baptized? I answered + that I knew beyond all doubt that I had been washed in the font of + salvation, for the remission of sins, and I named the priest by + whom I knew that I had been baptized. He replied, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘If you were baptized by that priest, your baptism is + not perfect; for I know him, and that when he was ordained priest, + he could in no wise, by reason of the dulness of his understanding, + learn the ministry of catechizing and baptizing; for which reason I + enjoined upon him altogether to desist from presuming to exercise + that ministry, which he could not duly perform.’</span> This said, + he set himself to catechize me that same hour; and it came to pass + that when he breathed on my face,<a id="noteref_790" name= + "noteref_790" href="#note_790"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">790</span></span></a> + straightway I felt better. He called the surgeon and ordered him to + set and bind up my skull where it was fractured; and presently + having received his blessing, I was so much better that I mounted + on horseback the next day, and travelled with him to another place; + and being soon after perfectly recovered, I was washed in the water + of life.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He continued in + his bishopric thirty-three years,<a id="noteref_791" name= + "noteref_791" href="#note_791"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">791</span></span></a> and + then ascending to the heavenly kingdom, was buried in <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page312">[pg 312]</span><a name="Pg312" id="Pg312" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> St. Peter's Chapel, in his own + monastery, which is called, <span class="tei tei-q">“In the wood of + the Deiri,”</span><a id="noteref_792" name="noteref_792" href= + "#note_792"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">792</span></span></a> in + the year of our Lord 721. For having, by his great age, become + unable to govern his bishopric, he ordained Wilfrid,<a id= + "noteref_793" name="noteref_793" href="#note_793"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">793</span></span></a> his + priest, bishop of the church of York, and retired to the aforesaid + monastery, and there ended his days in godly conversation.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc265" id="toc265"></a> <a name="pdf266" id="pdf266"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_VII" id="Book_V_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VII. How Caedwalla, king of the + West Saxons, went to Rome to be baptized; and his successor Ini, + also devoutly journeyed to the same threshold of the holy Apostles. + [688</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the third + year of the reign of Aldfrid,<a id="noteref_794" name="noteref_794" + href="#note_794"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">794</span></span></a> + Caedwalla, king of the West Saxons, having most vigorously governed + his nation for two years, quitted his crown for the sake of the + Lord and an everlasting kingdom, and went to Rome, being desirous + to obtain the peculiar honour of being cleansed in the baptismal + font at the threshold of the blessed Apostles, for he had learned + that in Baptism alone the entrance into the heavenly life is opened + to mankind; and he hoped at the same time, that being made clean by + Baptism, he should soon be freed from the bonds of the flesh and + pass to the eternal joys of Heaven; both which things, by the help + of the Lord, came to pass according as he had conceived in his + mind. For coming to Rome, at the time that Sergius<a id= + "noteref_795" name="noteref_795" href="#note_795"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">795</span></span></a> was + pope, he was baptized on the Holy Saturday before Easter Day,<a id= + "noteref_796" name="noteref_796" href="#note_796"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">796</span></span></a> in + the year of our Lord 689, and being still in his white + garments,<a id="noteref_797" name="noteref_797" href= + "#note_797"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">797</span></span></a> he + fell sick, and was set free from the bonds of the flesh on the 20th + of April, and obtained an entrance into the kingdom of the blessed + in Heaven. At his baptism, the aforesaid pope had given him the + name of Peter, to the end, that he might be also united in name to + the most blessed chief of the Apostles, <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page313">[pg 313]</span><a name="Pg313" id="Pg313" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> to whose most holy body his pious love had + led him from the utmost bounds of the earth. He was likewise buried + in his church, and by the pope's command an epitaph<a id= + "noteref_798" name="noteref_798" href="#note_798"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">798</span></span></a> was + written on his tomb, wherein the memory of his devotion might be + preserved for ever, and the readers or hearers thereof might be + stirred up to give themselves to religion by the example of what he + had done.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The epitaph was + this:—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“High estate, wealth, offspring, a mighty kingdom, + triumphs, spoils, chieftains, strongholds, the camp, a home; + whatsoever the valour of his sires, whatsoever himself had won, + Caedwal, mighty in war, left for the love of God, that, a pilgrim + king, he might behold Peter and Peter's seat, receive at his font + pure waters of life, and in bright draughts drink of the shining + radiance whence a quickening glory streams through all the world. + And even as he gained with eager soul the prize of the new life, he + laid aside barbaric rage, and, changed in heart, he changed his + name with joy. Sergius the Pope bade him be called Peter, himself + his father,<a id="noteref_799" name="noteref_799" href= + "#note_799"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">799</span></span></a> when + he rose born anew from the font, and the grace of Christ, cleansing + him, bore him forthwith clothed in white raiment to the heights of + Heaven. O wondrous faith of the king, but greatest of all the mercy + of Christ, into whose counsels none may enter! For he came in + safety from the ends of the earth, even from Britain, through many + a nation, over many a sea, by many a path, and saw the city of + Romulus and looked upon Peter's sanctuary revered, bearing mystic + gifts. He shall walk in white among the sheep of Christ in + fellowship with them; for his body is in the tomb, but his soul on + high. Thou mightest deem he did but change an earthly for a + heavenly sceptre, whom thou seest attain to the kingdom of + Christ.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Here was buried Caedwalla, called also Peter, king of + the Saxons, on the twentieth day of April, in the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page314">[pg 314]</span><a name="Pg314" id="Pg314" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> second indiction, aged about thirty + years, in the reign of our most pious lord, the Emperor + Justinian,<a id="noteref_800" name="noteref_800" href= + "#note_800"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">800</span></span></a> in + the fourth year of his consulship, in the second year of the + pontificate of our Apostolic lord, Pope Sergius.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When Caedwalla + went to Rome, Ini<a id="noteref_801" name="noteref_801" href= + "#note_801"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">801</span></span></a> + succeeded to the kingdom, being of the blood royal; and having + reigned thirty-seven years over that nation, he in like manner left + his kingdom and committed it to younger men, and went away to the + threshold of the blessed Apostles, at the time when Gregory<a id= + "noteref_802" name="noteref_802" href="#note_802"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">802</span></span></a> was + pope, being desirous to spend some part of his pilgrimage upon + earth in the neighbourhood of the holy places, that he might obtain + to be more readily received into the fellowship of the saints in + heaven. This same thing, about that time, was wont to be done most + zealously by many of the English nation, nobles and commons, laity + and clergy, men and women.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc267" id="toc267"></a> <a name="pdf268" id="pdf268"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_VIII" id="Book_V_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. VIII. How, when Archbishop + Theodore died, Bertwald succeeded him as archbishop, and, among + many others whom he ordained, he made the learned Tobias bishop of + the church of Rochester. [690</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The year after + that in which Caedwalla died at Rome, that is, 690 after the + Incarnation of our Lord, Archbishop Theodore, of blessed memory, + departed this life, being old and full of days, for he was + eighty-eight years of age; which number of years he had been wont + long before to foretell to his friends that he should live, the + same having been revealed to him in a dream. He held the bishopric + twenty-two years,<a id="noteref_803" name="noteref_803" href= + "#note_803"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">803</span></span></a> and + was buried in St. Peter's church,<a id="noteref_804" name= + "noteref_804" href="#note_804"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">804</span></span></a> where + all the bodies of the bishops of <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page315">[pg 315]</span><a name="Pg315" id="Pg315" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> Canterbury are buried. Of whom, as well as of + his fellows of the same degree, it may rightly and truly be said, + that their bodies are buried in peace, and their names shall live + to all generations. For to say all in few words, the English + Churches gained more spiritual increase while he was archbishop, + than ever before. His character, life, age, and death, are plainly + and manifestly described to all that resort thither, by the epitaph + on his tomb, in thirty-four heroic verses.<a id="noteref_805" name= + "noteref_805" href="#note_805"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">805</span></span></a> The + first whereof are these:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Here in the tomb rests the body of the holy prelate, + called now in the Greek tongue Theodore. Chief pontiff, blest high + priest, pure doctrine he set forth to his disciples.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The last are as + follow:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“For September had reached its nineteenth day, when his + spirit went forth from the prison-bars of the flesh. Mounting in + bliss to the gracious fellowship of the new life, he was united to + the angelic citizens in the heights of Heaven.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Bertwald<a id= + "noteref_806" name="noteref_806" href="#note_806"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">806</span></span></a> + succeeded Theodore in the archbishopric, being abbot of the + monastery called Racuulfe,<a id="noteref_807" name="noteref_807" + href="#note_807"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">807</span></span></a> which + stands at the northern mouth of the river Genlade.<a id= + "noteref_808" name="noteref_808" href="#note_808"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">808</span></span></a> He + was a man learned in the Scriptures, and perfectly instructed in + ecclesiastical and monastic teaching, yet in no wise to be compared + to his predecessor. He was chosen bishop in the year of our Lord + 692,<a id="noteref_809" name="noteref_809" href= + "#note_809"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">809</span></span></a> on + the first day of July, when Wictred and Suaebhard were kings + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page316">[pg 316]</span><a name= + "Pg316" id="Pg316" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> in Kent;<a id= + "noteref_810" name="noteref_810" href="#note_810"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">810</span></span></a> but + he was ordained the next year, on Sunday the 29th of June, by + Godwin, metropolitan bishop of Gaul,<a id="noteref_811" name= + "noteref_811" href="#note_811"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">811</span></span></a> and + was enthroned on Sunday the 31st of August. Among the many bishops + whom he ordained was Tobias,<a id="noteref_812" name="noteref_812" + href="#note_812"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">812</span></span></a> a man + instructed in the Latin, Greek, and Saxon tongues, and otherwise of + manifold learning, whom he consecrated in the stead of Gedmund, + bishop of the Church of Rochester, who had died.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc269" id="toc269"></a> <a name="pdf270" id="pdf270"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_IX" id="Book_V_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. IX. How the holy man, Egbert, + would have gone into Germany to preach, but could not; and how + Wictbert went, but because he availed nothing, returned into + Ireland, whence he came. [Circ. 688</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that time the + venerable servant of Christ, and priest, Egbert,<a id="noteref_813" + name="noteref_813" href="#note_813"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">813</span></span></a> who + is to be named with all honour, and who, as was said before, lived + as a stranger and pilgrim in Ireland to obtain hereafter a country + in heaven, purposed in his mind to profit many, taking upon him the + work of an apostle, and, by preaching the Gospel, to bring the Word + of God to some of those nations that had not yet heard it; many of + which tribes he knew to be in Germany, from whom the Angles or + Saxons, who now inhabit Britain, are known to have derived their + race and origin; for which reason they are still corruptly + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page317">[pg 317]</span><a name= + "Pg317" id="Pg317" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> called <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Garmans”</span><a id="noteref_814" name="noteref_814" + href="#note_814"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">814</span></span></a> by + the neighbouring nation of the Britons. Such are the Frisians, the + Rugini, the Danes, the Huns, the Old Saxons, and the + Boructuari.<a id="noteref_815" name="noteref_815" href= + "#note_815"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">815</span></span></a> There + are also in the same parts many other peoples still enslaved to + pagan rites, to whom the aforesaid soldier of Christ determined to + go, sailing round Britain, if haply he could deliver any of them + from Satan, and bring them to Christ; or if this might not be, he + was minded to go to Rome, to see and adore the thresholds of the + holy Apostles and martyrs of Christ.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But a revelation + from Heaven and the working of God prevented him from achieving + either of these enterprises; for when he had made choice of most + courageous companions, fit to preach the Word, inasmuch as they + were renowned for their good deeds and their learning, and when all + things necessary were provided for the voyage, there came to him on + a certain day early in the morning one of the brethren, who had + been a disciple of the priest, Boisil,<a id="noteref_816" name= + "noteref_816" href="#note_816"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">816</span></span></a> + beloved of God, and had ministered to him in Britain, when the said + Boisil was provost of the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page318">[pg + 318]</span><a name="Pg318" id="Pg318" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + monastery of Mailros,<a id="noteref_817" name="noteref_817" href= + "#note_817"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">817</span></span></a> under + the Abbot Eata, as has been said above.<a id="noteref_818" name= + "noteref_818" href="#note_818"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">818</span></span></a> This + brother told him a vision which he had seen that night. + <span class="tei tei-q">“When after matins,”</span> said he, + <span class="tei tei-q">“I had laid me down in my bed, and was + fallen into a light slumber, Boisil, that was sometime my master + and brought me up in all love, appeared to me, and asked, whether I + knew him? I said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Yes, you are + Boisil.’</span> He answered, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I am come to + bring Egbert a message from our Lord and Saviour, which must + nevertheless be delivered to him by you. Tell him, therefore, that + he cannot perform the journey he has undertaken; for it is the will + of God that he should rather go to teach the monasteries of + Columba.’</span> ”</span><a id="noteref_819" name="noteref_819" + href="#note_819"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">819</span></span></a> Now + Columba was the first teacher of the Christian faith to the Picts + beyond the mountains northward, and the first founder of the + monastery in the island of Hii, which was for a long time much + honoured by many tribes of the Scots and Picts. The said Columba is + now by some called Columcille, the name being compounded from + <span class="tei tei-q">“Columba”</span> and <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Cella.”</span><a id="noteref_820" name="noteref_820" + href="#note_820"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">820</span></span></a> + Egbert, having heard the words of the vision, charged the brother + that had told it him, not to tell it to any other, lest haply it + should be a lying vision. But when he considered the matter + secretly with himself, he apprehended that it was true, yet would + not desist from preparing for his voyage which he purposed to make + to teach those nations.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A few days after + the aforesaid brother came again to him, saying that Boisil had + that night again appeared to him in a vision after matins, and + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why did you tell Egbert so + negligently and after so lukewarm a manner that which I enjoined + upon you to say? Yet, go now and tell him, that whether he will or + no, he must go <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page319">[pg + 319]</span><a name="Pg319" id="Pg319" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to Columba's monasteries, because their ploughs are not driven + straight; and he must bring them back into the right way.”</span> + Hearing this, Egbert again charged the brother not to reveal the + same to any man. Though now assured of the vision, he nevertheless + attempted to set forth upon his intended voyage with the brethren. + When they had put aboard all that was requisite for so long a + voyage, and had waited some days for fair winds, there arose one + night so violent a storm, that part of what was on board was lost, + and the ship itself was left lying on its side in the sea. + Nevertheless, all that belonged to Egbert and his companions was + saved. Then he, saying, in the words of the prophet, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“For my sake this great tempest is upon + you,”</span><a id="noteref_821" name="noteref_821" href= + "#note_821"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">821</span></span></a> + withdrew himself from that undertaking and was content to remain at + home.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But one of his + companions, called Wictbert,<a id="noteref_822" name="noteref_822" + href="#note_822"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">822</span></span></a> + notable for his contempt of the world and for his learning and + knowledge, for he had lived many years as a stranger and pilgrim in + Ireland, leading a hermit's life in great perfection, took ship, + and arriving in Frisland, preached the Word of salvation for the + space of two whole years to that nation and to its king, + Rathbed;<a id="noteref_823" name="noteref_823" href= + "#note_823"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">823</span></span></a> but + reaped no fruit of all his great labour among his barbarous + hearers. Returning then to the chosen place of his pilgrimage, he + gave himself up to the Lord in his wonted life of silence, and + since he could not be profitable to strangers by teaching them the + faith, he took care to be the more profitable to his own people by + the example of his virtue.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page320">[pg 320]</span><a name= + "Pg320" id="Pg320" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc271" id="toc271"></a> <a name="pdf272" id="pdf272"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_X" id="Book_V_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. X. How Wilbrord, preaching in + Frisland, converted many to Christ; and how his two companions, the + Hewalds, suffered martyrdom. [690</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the man of + God, Egbert, perceived that neither he himself was permitted to go + and preach to the nations, being withheld for the sake of some + other advantage to the holy Church, whereof he had been forewarned + by a revelation; nor that Wictbert, when he went into those parts, + had availed to do anything; he nevertheless still attempted to send + holy and industrious men to the work of the Word, among whom the + most notable was Wilbrord,<a id="noteref_824" name="noteref_824" + href="#note_824"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">824</span></span></a> a man + eminent for his merit and rank as priest. They arrived there, + twelve in number, and turning aside to Pippin,<a id="noteref_825" + name="noteref_825" href="#note_825"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">825</span></span></a> duke + of the Franks, were gladly received by him; and as he had lately + subdued the nearer part of Frisland, and expelled King + Rathbed,<a id="noteref_826" name="noteref_826" href= + "#note_826"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">826</span></span></a> he + sent them thither to preach, supporting them at the same time with + his sovereign authority, that none might molest them in their + preaching, and bestowing many favours on those who consented to + receive the faith. Thus it came to pass, that with the help of the + Divine grace, in a short time they converted many from idolatry to + the faith of Christ.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Following their + example, two other priests of the English nation, who had long + lived as strangers in Ireland, for the sake of the eternal country, + went into the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page321">[pg + 321]</span><a name="Pg321" id="Pg321" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + province of the Old Saxons, if haply they could there win any to + Christ by their preaching. They were alike in name as in devotion, + Hewald being the name of both, with this distinction, that, on + account of the different colour of their hair, the one was called + Black Hewald and the other White Hewald.<a id="noteref_827" name= + "noteref_827" href="#note_827"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">827</span></span></a> They + were both full of religious piety, but Black Hewald was the more + learned of the two in Scripture. When they came into the province, + these men took up their lodging in the guesthouse of a certain + township-reeve, and asked of him that he would conduct them to the + ealdorman<a id="noteref_828" name="noteref_828" href= + "#note_828"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">828</span></span></a> who + was over him, for that they had a message concerning matters of + importance to communicate to him. For those Old Saxons have no + king, but many ealdormen set over their nation; and when any war is + on the point of breaking out, they cast lots indifferently, and on + whomsoever the lot falls, him they all follow and obey during the + time of war; but as soon as the war is ended, all those ealdormen + are again equal in power. So the reeve received and entertained + them in his house some days, promising to send them to the + ealdorman who was over him, as they desired.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But when the + barbarians perceived that they were of another religion,—for they + continually gave themselves to singing of psalms and prayer, and + daily offered up to God the Sacrifice of the saving Victim, having + with them sacred vessels and a consecrated table for an altar,—they + began to grow suspicious of them, lest if they should come into the + presence of their ealdorman, and converse with him, they should + turn his heart from their gods, and convert him to the new religion + of the Christian <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page322">[pg + 322]</span><a name="Pg322" id="Pg322" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + faith; and thus by degrees all their province should be forced to + change its old worship for a new. Wherefore on a sudden they laid + hold of them and put them to death; and White Hewald they slew + outright with the sword; but they put Black Hewald to lingering + torture and tore him limb from limb in horrible fashion, and they + threw their bodies into the Rhine. The ealdorman, whom they had + desired to see, hearing of it, was very angry that strangers who + desired to come to him had not been suffered to come; and therefore + he sent and put to death all those villagers and burned their + village. The aforesaid priests and servants of Christ suffered on + the 3rd of October.<a id="noteref_829" name="noteref_829" href= + "#note_829"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">829</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Miracles from + Heaven were not lacking at their martyrdom. For their dead bodies, + having been cast into the river by the pagans, as has been said, + were carried against the stream for the space of almost forty + miles, to the place where their companions were. Moreover, a long + ray of light, reaching up to heaven, shone every night above them + wheresoever they chanced to be, and that too in the sight of the + very pagans that had slain them. Moreover, one of them appeared in + a vision by night to one of his companions, whose name was Tilmon, + a man of renown and of noble birth in this world, who having been a + thegn had become a monk, telling him that he might find their + bodies in that place, where he should see rays of light reaching + from heaven to the earth. And so it befell; and their bodies being + found, were buried with the honour due to martyrs; and the day of + their passion or of the finding of their bodies, is celebrated in + those parts with fitting veneration. Finally, Pippin, the most + glorious duke of the Franks, learning these things, caused the + bodies to be brought to him, and buried them with much honour in + the church of the city of Cologne, on the Rhine.<a id="noteref_830" + name="noteref_830" href="#note_830"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">830</span></span></a> And + it is said that a spring burst forth in the place where they were + killed, which to this day affords a plentiful stream in that same + place.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page323">[pg 323]</span><a name= + "Pg323" id="Pg323" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc273" id="toc273"></a> <a name="pdf274" id="pdf274"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XI" id="Book_V_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XI. How the venerable Suidbert + in Britain, and Wilbrord at Rome, were ordained bishops for + Frisland. [692</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At their first + coming into Frisland, as soon as Wilbrord found that he had leave + given him by the prince to preach there, he made haste to go to + Rome, where Pope Sergius<a id="noteref_831" name="noteref_831" + href="#note_831"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">831</span></span></a> then + presided over the Apostolic see, that he might undertake the + desired work of preaching the Gospel to the nations, with his + licence and blessing; and hoping to receive of him some relics of + the blessed Apostles and martyrs of Christ; to the end, that when + he destroyed the idols,<a id="noteref_832" name="noteref_832" href= + "#note_832"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">832</span></span></a> and + erected churches in the nation to which he preached, he might have + the relics of saints at hand to put into them, and having deposited + them there, might accordingly dedicate each of those places to the + honour of the saint whose relics they were. He desired also there + to learn or to receive many other things needful for so great a + work. Having obtained his desire in all these matters, he returned + to preach.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At which time, + the brothers who were in Frisland, attending on the ministry of the + Word, chose out of their own number a man of sober life, and meek + of heart, called Suidbert,<a id="noteref_833" name="noteref_833" + href="#note_833"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">833</span></span></a> to be + ordained bishop for them. He, being sent into Britain, was + consecrated, at their request, by the most reverend Bishop Wilfrid, + who, having been driven out of his country, chanced then to be + living in banishment among the Mercians;<a id="noteref_834" name= + "noteref_834" href="#note_834"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">834</span></span></a> for + Kent had no bishop at that time, Theodore being dead, and Bertwald, + his successor, who had gone beyond the sea to be ordained, having + not yet returned to his episcopal see.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page324">[pg 324]</span><a name="Pg324" id="Pg324" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The said + Suidbert, being made bishop, returned from Britain, and not long + after departed to the Boructuari; and by his preaching brought many + of them into the way of truth; but the Boructuari being not long + after subdued by the Old Saxons, those who had received the Word + were dispersed abroad; and the bishop himself with certain others + went to Pippin, who, at the request of his wife, Blithryda,<a id= + "noteref_835" name="noteref_835" href="#note_835"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">835</span></span></a> gave + him a place of abode in a certain island on the Rhine, called in + their tongue, Inlitore;<a id="noteref_836" name="noteref_836" href= + "#note_836"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">836</span></span></a> there + he built a monastery, which his successors still possess, and for a + time dwelt in it, leading a most continent life, and there ended + his days.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When they who + had gone thither had spent some years teaching in Frisland, Pippin, + with the consent of them all, sent the venerable Wilbrord to Rome, + where Sergius was still pope, desiring that he might be consecrated + archbishop over the nation of the Frisians; which was accordingly + done, as he had made request, in the year of our Lord 696. He was + consecrated in the church of the Holy Martyr Cecilia,<a id= + "noteref_837" name="noteref_837" href="#note_837"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">837</span></span></a> on + her festival; and the said pope gave him the name of Clement, and + forthwith sent him back to his bishopric, to wit, fourteen days + after his arrival in the city.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Pippin gave him + a place for his episcopal see, in his famous fort, which in the + ancient language of those people is called Wiltaburg, that is, the + town of the Wilts; but, in the Gallic tongue, Trajectum.<a id= + "noteref_838" name="noteref_838" href="#note_838"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">838</span></span></a> The + most reverend prelate having built a church there,<a id= + "noteref_839" name="noteref_839" href="#note_839"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">839</span></span></a> and + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page325">[pg 325]</span><a name= + "Pg325" id="Pg325" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> preaching the Word + of faith far and near, drew many from their errors, and built many + churches and not a few monasteries. For not long after he himself + constituted other bishops in those parts from the number of the + brethren that either came with him or after him to preach there; of + whom some are now fallen asleep in the Lord; but Wilbrord himself, + surnamed Clement, is still living, venerable for his great age, + having been thirty-six years a bishop, and now, after manifold + conflicts of the heavenly warfare, he longs with all his heart for + the recompense of the reward in Heaven.<a id="noteref_840" name= + "noteref_840" href="#note_840"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">840</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc275" id="toc275"></a> <a name="pdf276" id="pdf276"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XII" id="Book_V_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XII. How one in the province of + the Northumbrians, rose from the dead, and related many things + which he had seen, some to be greatly dreaded and some to be + desired. [Circ. 696</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time a + memorable miracle, and like to those of former days, was wrought in + Britain; for, to the end that the living might be roused from the + death of the soul, a certain man, who had been some time dead, rose + again to the life of the body, and related many memorable things + that he had seen; some of which I have thought fit here briefly to + describe. There was a certain householder in that district of the + Northumbrians which is called Incuneningum,<a id="noteref_841" + name="noteref_841" href="#note_841"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">841</span></span></a> who + led a godly life, with all his house. This man fell sick, and his + sickness daily increasing, he was brought to extremity, and died in + the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page326">[pg 326]</span><a name= + "Pg326" id="Pg326" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> beginning of the + night; but at dawn he came to life again, and suddenly sat up, + whereat all those that sat about the body weeping fled away in + great terror, only his wife, who loved him better, though trembling + and greatly afraid, remained with him. And he comforting her, said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Fear not, for I am now in very deed risen + from death whereof I was holden, and permitted again to live among + men; nevertheless, hereafter I must not live as I was wont, but + after a very different manner.”</span> Then rising immediately, he + went to the oratory of the little town, and continuing in prayer + till day, forthwith divided all his substance into three parts; one + whereof he gave to his wife, another to his children, and the + third, which he kept himself, he straightway distributed among the + poor. Not long after, being set free from the cares of this world, + he came to the monastery of Mailros,<a id="noteref_842" name= + "noteref_842" href="#note_842"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">842</span></span></a> which + is almost enclosed by the winding of the river Tweed, and having + received the tonsure, went apart into a place of abode which the + abbot had provided, and there he continued till the day of his + death, in so great contrition of mind and mortifying of the body, + that even if his tongue had been silent, his life would have + declared that he had seen many things either to be dreaded or + coveted, which were hidden from other men.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus he related + what he had seen.<a id="noteref_843" name="noteref_843" href= + "#note_843"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">843</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">“He that led me had a countenance full of + light, and shining raiment, and we went in silence, as it seemed to + me, towards the rising of the summer sun. And as we walked we came + to a broad and deep valley of infinite length; it lay on our left, + and one side of it was exceeding terrible with raging flames, the + other no less intolerable for violent hail and cold snows drifting + and sweeping through all the place. Both sides were full of the + souls of men which seemed to be tossed from one side to the other + as it were by a violent storm; for when they could no longer endure + the fervent heat, the hapless souls leaped <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page327">[pg 327]</span><a name="Pg327" id="Pg327" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> into the midst of the deadly cold; and + finding no rest there, they leaped back again to be burnt in the + midst of the unquenchable flames. Now whereas an innumerable + multitude of misshapen spirits were thus tormented far and near + with this interchange of misery, as far as I could see, without any + interval of rest, I began to think that peradventure this might be + Hell, of whose intolerable torments I had often heard men talk. My + guide, who went before me, answered to my thought, saying, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Think not so, for this is not the Hell you + believe it to be.’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“When he had led me farther by degrees, sore dismayed + by that dread sight, on a sudden I saw the place before us begin to + grow dark and filled with shadows. When we entered into them, the + shadows by degrees grew so thick, that I could see nothing else, + save only the darkness and the shape and garment of him that led + me. As we went on <span class="tei tei-q">‘through the shades in + the lone night,’</span><a id="noteref_844" name="noteref_844" href= + "#note_844"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">844</span></span></a> lo! + on a sudden there appeared before us masses of foul flame + constantly rising as it were out of a great pit, and falling back + again into the same. When I had been led thither, my guide suddenly + vanished, and left me alone in the midst of darkness and these + fearful sights. As those same masses of fire, without intermission, + at one time flew up and at another fell back into the bottom of the + abyss, I perceived that the summits of all the flames, as they + ascended were full of the spirits of men, which, like sparks flying + upwards with the smoke, were sometimes thrown on high, and again, + when the vapours of the fire fell, dropped down into the depths + below. Moreover, a stench, foul beyond compare, burst forth with + the vapours, and filled all those dark places.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Having stood there a long time in much dread, not + knowing what to do, which way to turn, or what end awaited me, on a + sudden I heard behind me the sound of a mighty and miserable + lamentation, and at the same time noisy laughter, as of a rude + multitude insulting captured enemies. When that noise, growing + plainer, came up to me, I beheld a crowd of evil spirits dragging + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page328">[pg 328]</span><a name= + "Pg328" id="Pg328" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> five souls of men, + wailing and shrieking, into the midst of the darkness, whilst they + themselves exulted and laughed. Among those human souls, as I could + discern, there was one shorn like a clerk, one a layman, and one a + woman. The evil spirits that dragged them went down into the midst + of the burning pit; and it came to pass that as they went down + deeper, I could no longer distinguish between the lamentation of + the men and the laughing of the devils, yet I still had a confused + sound in my ears. In the meantime, some of the dark spirits + ascended from that flaming abyss, and running forward, beset me on + all sides, and with their flaming eyes and the noisome fire which + they breathed forth from their mouths and nostrils, tried to choke + me; and threatened to lay hold on me with fiery tongs, which they + had in their hands, yet they durst in no wise touch me, though they + assayed to terrify me. Being thus on all sides encompassed with + enemies and shades of darkness, and casting my eyes hither and + thither if haply anywhere help might be found whereby I might be + saved, there appeared behind me, on the way by which I had come, as + it were, the brightness of a star shining amidst the darkness; + which waxing greater by degrees, came rapidly towards me: and when + it drew near, all those evil spirits, that sought to carry me away + with their tongs, dispersed and fled.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Now he, whose approach put them to flight, was the + same that led me before; who, then turning towards the right, began + to lead me, as it were, towards the rising of the winter sun, and + having soon brought me out of the darkness, led me forth into an + atmosphere of clear light. While he thus led me in open light, I + saw a vast wall before us, the length on either side, and the + height whereof, seemed to be altogether boundless. I began to + wonder why we went up to the wall, seeing no door in it, nor + window, nor any way of ascent. But when we came to the wall, we + were presently, I know not by what means, on the top of it, and lo! + there was a wide and pleasant plain full of such fragrance of + blooming flowers that the marvellous sweetness of the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page329">[pg 329]</span><a name="Pg329" id="Pg329" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> scents immediately dispelled the foul + stench of the dark furnace which had filled my nostrils. So great + was the light shed over all this place that it seemed to exceed the + brightness of the day, or the rays of the noontide sun. In this + field were innumerable companies of men clothed in white, and many + seats of rejoicing multitudes. As he led me through the midst of + bands of happy inhabitants, I began to think that this perchance + might be the kingdom of Heaven, of which I had often heard tell. He + answered to my thought, saying, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Nay, this + is not the kingdom of Heaven, as you think.’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“When we had also passed those mansions of blessed + spirits, and gone farther on, I saw before me a much more beautiful + light than before, and therein heard sweet sounds of singing, and + so wonderful a fragrance was shed abroad from the place, that the + other which I had perceived before and thought so great, then + seemed to me but a small thing; even as that wondrous brightness of + the flowery field, compared with this which I now beheld, appeared + mean and feeble. When I began to hope that we should enter that + delightful place, my guide, on a sudden stood still; and + straightway turning, led me back by the way we came.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“In our return, when we came to those joyous mansions + of the white-robed spirits, he said to me, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Do you know what all these things are which you have + seen?’</span> I answered, <span class="tei tei-q">‘No,’</span> and + then he said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘That valley which you beheld + terrible with flaming fire and freezing cold, is the place in which + the souls of those are tried and punished, who, delaying to confess + and amend their crimes, at length have recourse to repentance at + the point of death, and so go forth from the body; but nevertheless + because they, even at their death, confessed and repented, they + shall all be received into the kingdom of Heaven at the day of + judgement; but many are succoured before the day of judgement, by + the prayers of the living and their alms and fasting, and more + especially by the celebration of Masses. Moreover that foul flaming + pit which you saw, is the mouth of Hell, into which whosoever falls + shall never be delivered to all eternity. This <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page330">[pg 330]</span><a name="Pg330" id="Pg330" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> flowery place, in which you see this + fair and youthful company, all bright and joyous, is that into + which the souls of those are received who, indeed, when they leave + the body have done good works, but who are not so perfect as to + deserve to be immediately admitted into the kingdom of Heaven; yet + they shall all, at the day of judgement, behold Christ, and enter + into the joys of His kingdom; for such as are perfect in every word + and deed and thought, as soon as they quit the body, forthwith + enter into the kingdom of Heaven; in the neighbourhood whereof that + place is, where you heard the sound of sweet singing amidst the + savour of a sweet fragrance and brightness of light. As for you, + who must now return to the body, and again live among men, if you + will seek diligently to examine your actions, and preserve your + manner of living and your words in righteousness and simplicity, + you shall, after death, have a place of abode among these joyful + troops of blessed souls which you behold. For when I left you for + awhile, it was for this purpose, that I might learn what should + become of you.’</span> When he had said this to me, I much abhorred + returning to the body, being delighted with the sweetness and + beauty of the place which I beheld, and with the company of those I + saw in it. Nevertheless, I durst not ask my guide anything; but + thereupon, on a sudden, I found myself, I know not how, alive among + men.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now these and + other things which this man of God had seen, he would not relate to + slothful men, and such as lived negligently; but only to those who, + being terrified with the dread of torments, or ravished with the + hope of everlasting joys, would draw from his words the means to + advance in piety. In the neighbourhood of his cell lived one + Haemgils, a monk, and eminent in the priesthood, whose good works + were worthy of his office: he is still living, and leading a + solitary life in Ireland, supporting his declining age with coarse + bread and cold water. He often went to that man, and by repeated + questioning, heard of him what manner of things he had seen when + out of the body; by whose account those few particulars which we + have briefly set down came also to <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page331">[pg 331]</span><a name="Pg331" id="Pg331" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> our knowledge. And he related his visions to + King Aldfrid,<a id="noteref_845" name="noteref_845" href= + "#note_845"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">845</span></span></a> a man + most learned in all respects, and was by him so willingly and + attentively heard, that at his request he was admitted into the + monastery above-mentioned, and received the crown of the monastic + tonsure; and the said king, whensoever he came into those parts, + very often went to hear him. At that time the abbot and priest + Ethelwald,<a id="noteref_846" name="noteref_846" href= + "#note_846"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">846</span></span></a> a man + of godly and sober life, presided over that monastery. He now + occupies the episcopal see of the church of Lindisfarne, leading a + life worthy of his degree.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He had a place + of abode assigned him apart in that monastery, where he might give + himself more freely to the service of his Creator in continual + prayer. And inasmuch as that place was on the banks of the river, + he was wont often to go into the same for the great desire he had + to do penance in his body, and oftentimes to plunge in it, and to + continue saying psalms or prayers in the same as long as he could + endure it, standing still, while the waves flowed over him, + sometimes up to the middle, and sometimes even to the neck in + water; and when he went ashore, he never took off his cold, wet + garments till they grew warm and dry on his body. And when in the + winter the cracking pieces of ice were floating about him, which he + had himself sometimes broken, to make room to stand or plunge in + the river, and those who beheld it would say, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“We marvel, brother Drythelm (for so he was called), + that you are able to endure such severe cold;”</span> he answered + simply, for he was a simple and sober-spirited man, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I have seen greater cold.”</span> And when they said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“We marvel that you choose to observe so + hard a rule of continence,”</span> he <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page332">[pg 332]</span><a name="Pg332" id="Pg332" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> replied, <span class="tei tei-q">“I have seen + harder things.”</span> And so, until the day of his calling hence, + in his unwearied desire of heavenly bliss, he subdued his aged body + with daily fasting, and forwarded the salvation of many by his + words and life.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc277" id="toc277"></a> <a name="pdf278" id="pdf278"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XIII" id="Book_V_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIII. How another contrarywise + before his death saw a book containing his sins, which was shown + him by devils. [704-709</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But contrarywise + there was a man in the province of the Mercians, whose visions and + words, but not his manner of life, were of profit to others, though + not to himself. In the reign of Coenred,<a id="noteref_847" name= + "noteref_847" href="#note_847"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">847</span></span></a> who + succeeded Ethelred, there was a layman who was a king's thegn, no + less acceptable to the king for his outward industry, than + displeasing to him for his neglect of his own soul. The king + diligently admonished him to confess and amend, and to forsake his + evil ways, lest he should lose all time for repentance and + amendment by a sudden death. But though frequently warned, he + despised the words of salvation, and promised that he would do + penance at some future time. In the meantime, falling sick he + betook himself to his bed, and was tormented with grievous pains. + The king coming to him (for he loved the man much) exhorted him, + even then, before death, to repent of his offences. But he answered + that he would not then confess his sins, but would do it when he + was recovered of his sickness, lest his companions should upbraid + him with having done that for fear of death, which he had refused + to do in health. He thought he spoke very bravely, but it + afterwards appeared that he had been miserably deceived by the + wiles of the Devil.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The disease + increasing, when the king came again to visit and instruct him, he + cried out straightway with a lamentable voice, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“What will you now? What are you <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page333">[pg 333]</span><a name="Pg333" id="Pg333" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> come for? for you can no longer do + aught for my profit or salvation.”</span> The king answered, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Say not so; take heed and be of sound + mind.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“I am not mad,”</span> + replied he, <span class="tei tei-q">“but I now know the worst and + have it for certain before my eyes.”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“What is that?”</span> said the king. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Not long since,”</span> said he, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“there came into this room two fair youths, and sat + down by me, the one at my head, and the other at my feet. One of + them drew forth a book most beautiful, but very small, and gave it + me to read; looking into it, I there found all the good actions I + had ever done in my life written down, and they were very few and + inconsiderable. They took back the book and said nothing to me. + Then, on a sudden, appeared an army of evil spirits of hideous + countenance, and they beset this house without, and sitting down + filled the greater part of it within. Then he, who by the blackness + of his gloomy face, and his sitting above the rest, seemed to be + the chief of them, taking out a book terrible to behold, of a + monstrous size, and of almost insupportable weight, commanded one + of his followers to bring it to me to read. Having read it, I found + therein most plainly written in hideous characters, all the crimes + I ever committed, not only in word and deed, but even in the least + thought; and he said to those glorious men in white raiment who sat + by me, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Why sit ye here, since ye know of a + surety that this man is ours?’</span> They answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Ye speak truly; take him and lead him away to fill up + the measure of your damnation.’</span> This said, they forthwith + vanished, and two wicked spirits arose, having in their hands + ploughshares, and one of them struck me on the head, and the other + on the foot. And these ploughshares are now with great torment + creeping into the inward parts of my body, and as soon as they meet + I shall die, and the devils being ready to snatch me away, I shall + be dragged into the dungeons of hell.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus spoke that + wretch in his despair, and soon after died, and now in vain suffers + in eternal torments that penance which he failed to suffer for a + short time with the fruits of forgiveness. Of whom it is manifest, + that (as the blessed Pope Gregory writes of certain persons) + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page334">[pg 334]</span><a name= + "Pg334" id="Pg334" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> he did not see these + things for his own sake, since they did not avail him, but for the + sake of others, who, knowing of his end, should be afraid to put + off the time of repentance, whilst they have leisure, lest, being + prevented by sudden death, they should perish impenitent. And + whereas he saw diverse books laid before him by the good and evil + spirits, this was done by Divine dispensation, that we may keep in + mind that our deeds and thoughts are not scattered to the winds, + but are all kept to be examined by the Supreme Judge, and will in + the end be shown us either by friendly angels or by the enemy. And + whereas the angels first drew forth a white book, and then the + devils a black one; the former a very small one, the latter one + very great; it is to be observed, that in his first years he did + some good actions, all which he nevertheless obscured by the evil + actions of his youth. If, contrarywise, he had taken care in his + youth to correct the errors of his boyhood, and by well-doing to + put them away from the sight of God, he might have been admitted to + the fellowship of those of whom the Psalm says, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Blessed are those whose iniquities are forgiven, and + whose sins are covered.”</span><a id="noteref_848" name= + "noteref_848" href="#note_848"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">848</span></span></a> This + story, as I learned it of the venerable Bishop Pechthelm,<a id= + "noteref_849" name="noteref_849" href="#note_849"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">849</span></span></a> I + have thought good to set forth plainly, for the salvation of such + as shall read or hear it.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc279" id="toc279"></a> <a name="pdf280" id="pdf280"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIV. How another in like + manner, being at the point of death, saw the place of punishment + appointed for him in Hell.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I myself knew a + brother, would to God I had not known him, whose name I could + mention if it were of any avail, dwelling in a famous monastery, + but himself living infamously. He was oftentimes rebuked by the + brethren and elders of the place, and admonished to be converted to + a more chastened life; and though he would not give ear to them, + they bore with him long and patiently, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page335">[pg 335]</span><a name="Pg335" id="Pg335" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> on account of their need of his outward + service, for he was a cunning artificer. But he was much given to + drunkenness, and other pleasures of a careless life, and more used + to stop in his workshop day and night, than to go to church to sing + and pray and hear the Word of life with the brethren. For which + reason it befell him according to the saying, that he who will not + willingly humble himself and enter the gate of the church must + needs be led against his will into the gate of Hell, being damned. + For he falling sick, and being brought to extremity, called the + brethren, and with much lamentation, like one damned, began to tell + them, that he saw Hell opened, and Satan sunk in the depths + thereof; and Caiaphas, with the others that slew our Lord, hard by + him, delivered up to avenging flames. <span class="tei tei-q">“In + whose neighbourhood,”</span> said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“I + see a place of eternal perdition prepared for me, miserable wretch + that I am.”</span> The brothers, hearing these words, began + diligently to exhort him, that he should repent even then, whilst + he was still in the flesh. He answered in despair, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“There is no time for me now to change my course of + life, when I have myself seen my judgement passed.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Whilst uttering + these words, he died without having received the saving Viaticum, + and his body was buried in the farthest parts of the monastery, nor + did any one dare either to say Masses or sing psalms, or even to + pray for him.<a id="noteref_850" name="noteref_850" href= + "#note_850"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">850</span></span></a> Oh + how far asunder hath God put light from darkness! The blessed + Stephen, the first martyr, being about to suffer death for the + truth, saw the heavens opened, and the glory of God, and Jesus + standing on the right hand of God;<a id="noteref_851" name= + "noteref_851" href="#note_851"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">851</span></span></a> and + where he was to be after death, there he fixed the eyes of his + mind, that he might die the more joyfully. But this workman, of + darkened mind and life, when death was at hand, saw Hell opened, + and witnessed the damnation of the Devil and his followers; he saw + also, unhappy wretch! his own prison among them, to the end that, + despairing of salvation, he might himself die the more miserably, + but might by his perdition <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page336">[pg 336]</span><a name="Pg336" id="Pg336" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> afford cause of salvation to the living who + should hear of it. This befell of late in the province of the + Bernicians, and being noised abroad far and near, inclined many to + do penance for their sins without delay. Would to God that this + also might come to pass through the reading of our words!</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc281" id="toc281"></a> <a name="pdf282" id="pdf282"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XV" id="Book_V_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XV. How divers churches of the + Scots, at the instance of Adamnan, adopted the Catholic Easter; and + how the same wrote a book about the holy places. [703</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time a + great part of the Scots in Ireland,<a id="noteref_852" name= + "noteref_852" href="#note_852"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">852</span></span></a> and + some also of the Britons in Britain,<a id="noteref_853" name= + "noteref_853" href="#note_853"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">853</span></span></a> by + the grace of God, adopted the reasonable and ecclesiastical time of + keeping Easter. For when Adamnan,<a id="noteref_854" name= + "noteref_854" href="#note_854"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">854</span></span></a> + priest and abbot of the monks that were in the island of Hii, was + sent by his nation on a mission to Aldfrid, king of the + English,<a id="noteref_855" name="noteref_855" href= + "#note_855"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">855</span></span></a> he + abode some time in that province, and saw the canonical rites of + the Church. Moreover, he was earnestly admonished by many of the + more learned sort, not to presume to live contrary to the universal + custom of the Church, either in regard to the observance of Easter, + or any other ordinances whatsoever, with those few followers of his + dwelling in the farthest corner of the world. <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page337">[pg 337]</span><a name="Pg337" id="Pg337" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> Wherefore he so changed his mind, that + he readily preferred those things which he had seen and heard in + the English churches, to the customs which he and his people had + hitherto followed. For he was a good and wise man, and excellently + instructed in knowledge of the Scriptures. Returning home, he + endeavoured to bring his own people that were in Hii, or that were + subject to that monastery, into the way of truth, which he had + embraced with all his heart; but he could not prevail. He sailed + over into Ireland,<a id="noteref_856" name="noteref_856" href= + "#note_856"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">856</span></span></a> and + preaching to those people, and with sober words of exhortation + making known to them the lawful time of Easter, he brought back + many of them, and almost all that were free from the dominion of + those of Hii, from the error of their fathers to the Catholic + unity, and taught them to keep the lawful time of Easter.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Returning to his + island, after having celebrated the canonical Easter in Ireland, he + was instant in preaching the Catholic observance of the season of + Easter in his monastery, yet without being able to achieve his end; + and it so happened that he departed this life before the next year + came round,<a id="noteref_857" name="noteref_857" href= + "#note_857"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">857</span></span></a> the + Divine goodness so ordaining it, that as he was a great lover of + peace and unity, he should be taken away to everlasting life before + he should be obliged, on the return of the season of Easter, to be + at greater variance with those that would not follow him into the + truth.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This same man + wrote a book concerning the holy places, of great profit to many + readers; his authority was the teaching and dictation of Arculf, a + bishop of Gaul,<a id="noteref_858" name="noteref_858" href= + "#note_858"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">858</span></span></a> who + had gone to Jerusalem for the sake of the <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page338">[pg 338]</span><a name="Pg338" id="Pg338" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> holy places; and having wandered over all the + Promised Land, travelled also to Damascus, Constantinople, + Alexandria, and many islands in the sea, and returning home by + ship, was cast upon the western coast of Britain by a great + tempest. After many adventures he came to the aforesaid servant of + Christ, Adamnan, and being found to be learned in the Scriptures, + and acquainted with the holy places, was most gladly received by + him and gladly heard, insomuch that whatsoever he said that he had + seen worthy of remembrance in the holy places, Adamnan straightway + set himself to commit to writing. Thus he composed a work, as I + have said, profitable to many, and chiefly to those who, being far + removed from those places where the patriarchs and Apostles lived, + know no more of them than what they have learnt by reading. Adamnan + presented this book to King Aldfrid, and through his bounty it came + to be read by lesser persons.<a id="noteref_859" name="noteref_859" + href="#note_859"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">859</span></span></a> The + writer thereof was also rewarded by him with many gifts and sent + back into his country. I believe it will be of advantage to our + readers if we collect some passages from his writings, and insert + them in this our History.<a id="noteref_860" name="noteref_860" + href="#note_860"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">860</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc283" id="toc283"></a> <a name="pdf284" id="pdf284"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVI. The account given in the + aforesaid book of the place of our Lord's Nativity, Passion, and + Resurrection.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He wrote + concerning the place of the Nativity of our Lord, after this + manner:<a id="noteref_861" name="noteref_861" href= + "#note_861"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">861</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Bethlehem, the city of David, is situated + on a narrow ridge, encompassed on all sides with valleys, being a + mile in length from west to east, and having a low wall without + towers, built along the edge of the level summit. In the eastern + corner thereof <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page339">[pg + 339]</span><a name="Pg339" id="Pg339" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + is a sort of natural half cave, the outward part whereof is said to + have been the place where our Lord was born; the inner is called + the manger of our Lord. This cave within is all covered with rich + marble, and over the particular spot where our Lord is said to have + been born, stands the great church of St. Mary.”</span> He likewise + wrote about the place of His Passion and Resurrection in this + manner: <span class="tei tei-q">“Entering the city of Jerusalem on + the north side, the first place to be visited, according to the + disposition of the streets, is the church of Constantine, called + the Martyrium. It was built by the Emperor Constantine, in a royal + and magnificent manner, because the Cross of our Lord was said to + have been found there by his mother Helena. Thence, to the + westward, is seen the church of Golgotha, in which is also to be + found the rock which once bore the Cross to which the Lord's body + was nailed, and now it upholds a large silver cross, having a great + brazen wheel with lamps hanging over it. Under the place of our + Lord's Cross, a crypt is hewn out of the rock, in which the + Sacrifice is offered on an altar for the dead that are held in + honour, their bodies remaining meanwhile in the street. To the + westward of this church is the round church of the Anastasis or + Resurrection of our Lord, encompassed with three walls, and + supported by twelve columns. Between each of the walls is a broad + passage, which contains three altars at three different points of + the middle wall; to the south, the north, and the west. It has + eight doors or entrances in a straight line through the three + walls; four whereof face the south-east, and four the east.<a id= + "noteref_862" name="noteref_862" href="#note_862"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">862</span></span></a> In + the midst of it is the round tomb of our Lord cut out of the rock, + the top of of which a man standing within can touch with his hand; + on the east is the entrance, against which that great stone was + set. To this day the tomb bears the marks of the iron tools within, + but on the outside it is all covered with marble to the very top of + the roof, which is adorned with gold, and bears a large golden + cross. In the north <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page340">[pg + 340]</span><a name="Pg340" id="Pg340" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + part of the tomb the sepulchre of our Lord is hewn out of the same + rock, seven feet in length, and three hand-breadths above the + floor; the entrance being on the south side, where twelve lamps + burn day and night, four within the sepulchre, and eight above on + the edge of the right side. The stone that was set at the entrance + to the tomb is now cleft in two; nevertheless, the lesser part of + it stands as an altar of hewn stone before the door of the tomb; + the greater part is set up as another altar, four-cornered, at the + east end of the same church, and is covered with linen cloths. The + colour of the said tomb and sepulchre is white and red mingled + together.”</span><a id="noteref_863" name="noteref_863" href= + "#note_863"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">863</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc285" id="toc285"></a> <a name="pdf286" id="pdf286"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XVII" id="Book_V_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVII. What he likewise wrote of + the place of our Lord's Ascension, and the tombs of the + patriarchs.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Concerning the + place of our Lord's Ascension, the aforesaid author writes thus. + <span class="tei tei-q">“The Mount of Olives is equal in height to + Mount Sion, but exceeds it in breadth and length; it bears few + trees besides vines and olives, and is fruitful in wheat and + barley, for the nature of that soil is not such as to yield + thickets,<a id="noteref_864" name="noteref_864" href= + "#note_864"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">864</span></span></a> but + grass and flowers. On the very top of it, where our Lord ascended + into heaven, is a large round church,<a id="noteref_865" name= + "noteref_865" href="#note_865"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">865</span></span></a> + having round about it <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page341">[pg + 341]</span><a name="Pg341" id="Pg341" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + three chapels with vaulted roofs. For the inner building could not + be vaulted and roofed, by reason of the passage of our Lord's Body; + but it has an altar on the east side, sheltered by a narrow roof. + In the midst of it are to be seen the last Footprints of our Lord, + the place where He ascended being open to the sky; and though the + earth is daily carried away by believers, yet still it remains, and + retains the same appearance, being marked by the impression of the + Feet. Round about these lies a brazen wheel, as high as a man's + neck, having an entrance from the west, with a great lamp hanging + above it on a pulley and burning night and day. In the western part + of the same church are eight windows; and as many lamps, hanging + opposite to them by cords, shine through the glass as far as + Jerusalem; and the light thereof is said to thrill the hearts of + the beholders with a certain zeal and compunction. Every year, on + the day of the Ascension of our Lord, when Mass is ended, a strong + blast of wind is wont to come down, and to cast to the ground all + that are in the church.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Of the situation + of Hebron, and the tombs of the fathers,<a id="noteref_866" name= + "noteref_866" href="#note_866"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">866</span></span></a> he + writes thus. <span class="tei tei-q">“Hebron, once a habitation and + the chief city of David's kingdom, now only showing by its ruins + what it then was, has, one furlong to the east of it, a double cave + in the valley, where the sepulchres of the patriarchs are + encompassed with a wall four-square, their heads lying to the + north. Each of the tombs is covered with a single stone, hewn like + the stones of a church, and of a white colour, for the three + patriarchs. Adam's is of meaner and poorer workmanship, and he lies + not far from them at the farthest end of the northern part of that + wall. There are also some poorer and <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page342">[pg 342]</span><a name="Pg342" id="Pg342" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> smaller monuments of the three women. The + hill Mamre is a mile from these tombs, and is covered with grass + and flowers, having a level plain on the top. In the northern part + of it, the trunk of Abraham's oak, being twice as high as a man, is + enclosed in a church.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus much, + gathered from the works of the aforesaid writer, according to the + sense of his words, but more briefly and in fewer words, we have + thought fit to insert in our History for the profit of readers. + Whosoever desires to know more of the contents of that book, may + seek it either in the book itself, or in that abridgement which we + have lately made from it.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc287" id="toc287"></a> <a name="pdf288" id="pdf288"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XVIII" id="Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XVIII. How the South Saxons + received Eadbert and Eolla, and the West Saxons, Daniel and + Aldhelm, for their bishops; and of the writings of the same + Aldhelm. [705</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 705, Aldfrid, king of the Northumbrians, died<a id= + "noteref_867" name="noteref_867" href="#note_867"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">867</span></span></a> + before the end of the twentieth year of his reign. His son + Osred,<a id="noteref_868" name="noteref_868" href= + "#note_868"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">868</span></span></a> a boy + about eight years of age, succeeding him in the throne, reigned + eleven years. In the beginning of his reign, Haedde, bishop of the + West Saxons,<a id="noteref_869" name="noteref_869" href= + "#note_869"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">869</span></span></a> + departed to the heavenly life; for he was a good man and a just, + and his life and doctrine as a bishop were guided rather by his + innate love of virtue, than by what he had gained from books. The + most <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page343">[pg 343]</span><a name= + "Pg343" id="Pg343" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> reverend bishop, + Pechthelm, of whom we shall speak hereafter in the proper + place,<a id="noteref_870" name="noteref_870" href= + "#note_870"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">870</span></span></a> and + who while still deacon or monk was for a long time with his + successor Aldhelm,<a id="noteref_871" name="noteref_871" href= + "#note_871"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">871</span></span></a> was + wont to relate that many miracles of healing have been wrought in + the place where he died, through the merit of his sanctity; and + that the men of that province used to carry the dust thence for the + sick, and put it into water, and the drinking thereof, or + sprinkling with it, brought health to many sick men and beasts; so + that the holy dust being frequently carried away, a great hole was + made there.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Upon his death, + the bishopric of that province was divided into two dioceses.<a id= + "noteref_872" name="noteref_872" href="#note_872"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">872</span></span></a> One + of them was given to <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page344">[pg + 344]</span><a name="Pg344" id="Pg344" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Daniel,<a id="noteref_873" name="noteref_873" href= + "#note_873"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">873</span></span></a> which + he governs to this day; the other to Aldhelm, wherein he presided + most vigorously four years; both of them were fully instructed, as + well in matters touching the Church as in the knowledge of the + Scriptures. Aldhelm, when he was as yet only a priest and abbot of + the monastery which is called the city of Maildufus,<a id= + "noteref_874" name="noteref_874" href="#note_874"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">874</span></span></a> by + order of a synod of his own nation, wrote a notable book<a id= + "noteref_875" name="noteref_875" href="#note_875"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">875</span></span></a> + against the error of the Britons, in not celebrating Easter at the + due time, and in doing divers other things contrary to the purity + of doctrine and the peace of the church; and through the reading of + this book many of the Britons, who were subject to the West Saxons, + were led by him to adopt the Catholic celebration of our Lord's + Paschal Feast. He likewise wrote a famous book on Virginity,<a id= + "noteref_876" name="noteref_876" href="#note_876"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">876</span></span></a> + which, after the example of Sedulius,<a id="noteref_877" name= + "noteref_877" href="#note_877"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">877</span></span></a> he + composed in twofold form, in hexameters and in prose. He wrote some + other books, being a man most instructed in all respects, for he + had a polished style,<a id="noteref_878" name="noteref_878" href= + "#note_878"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">878</span></span></a> and + was, as I have said, of marvellous learning both in liberal and + ecclesiastical studies. On his death, Forthere<a id="noteref_879" + name="noteref_879" href="#note_879"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">879</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page345">[pg 345]</span><a name= + "Pg345" id="Pg345" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> was made bishop in + his stead, and is living at this time, being likewise a man very + learned in the Holy Scriptures.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Whilst they + administered the bishopric, it was determined by a synodal decree, + that the province of the South Saxons, which till that time + belonged to the diocese of the city of Winchester, where Daniel + then presided, should itself have an episcopal see, and a bishop of + its own.<a id="noteref_880" name="noteref_880" href= + "#note_880"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">880</span></span></a> + Eadbert, at that time abbot of the monastery of Bishop Wilfrid, of + blessed memory, called Selaeseu,<a id="noteref_881" name= + "noteref_881" href="#note_881"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">881</span></span></a> was + consecrated their first bishop. On his death, Eolla succeeded to + the office of bishop. He also died some years ago, and the + bishopric has been vacant to this day.<a id="noteref_882" name= + "noteref_882" href="#note_882"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">882</span></span></a></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc289" id="toc289"></a> <a name="pdf290" id="pdf290"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XIX" id="Book_V_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XIX. How Coinred, king of the + Mercians, and Offa, king of the East Saxons, ended their days at + Rome, in the monastic habit; and of the life and death of Bishop + Wilfrid. [709</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the fourth + year of the reign of Osred,<a id="noteref_883" name="noteref_883" + href="#note_883"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">883</span></span></a> + Coenred,<a id="noteref_884" name="noteref_884" href= + "#note_884"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">884</span></span></a> who + had for some time nobly governed the kingdom of the Mercians, much + more nobly quitted the sceptre of his kingdom. For he went to Rome, + and there receiving the tonsure and becoming a monk, when + Constantine<a id="noteref_885" name="noteref_885" href= + "#note_885"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">885</span></span></a> was + pope, he continued to his last hour in prayer and fasting and + alms-deeds at the threshold of the Apostles. <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page346">[pg 346]</span><a name="Pg346" id="Pg346" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> He was succeeded in the throne by + Ceolred,<a id="noteref_886" name="noteref_886" href= + "#note_886"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">886</span></span></a> the + son of Ethelred, who had governed the kingdom before Coenred. With + him went the son of Sighere,<a id="noteref_887" name="noteref_887" + href="#note_887"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">887</span></span></a> the + king of the East Saxons whom we mentioned before, by name Offa, a + youth of a most pleasing age and comeliness, and greatly desired by + all his nation to have and to hold the sceptre of the kingdom. He, + with like devotion, quitted wife, and lands, and kindred and + country, for Christ and for the Gospel, that he might <span class= + "tei tei-q">“receive an hundred-fold in this life, and in the world + to come life everlasting.”</span><a id="noteref_888" name= + "noteref_888" href="#note_888"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">888</span></span></a> He + also, when they came to the holy places at Rome, received the + tonsure, and ending his life in the monastic habit, attained to the + vision of the blessed Apostles in Heaven, as he had long + desired.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same year + that they departed from Britain, the great bishop, Wilfrid, ended + his days in the province called Inundalum,<a id="noteref_889" name= + "noteref_889" href="#note_889"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">889</span></span></a> after + he had been bishop forty-five years.<a id="noteref_890" name= + "noteref_890" href="#note_890"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">890</span></span></a> His + body, being laid in a coffin, was carried to his monastery, which + is called Inhrypum,<a id="noteref_891" name="noteref_891" href= + "#note_891"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">891</span></span></a> and + buried in the church of the blessed Apostle Peter, with the honour + due to so great a prelate. Concerning whose manner of <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page347">[pg 347]</span><a name="Pg347" id="Pg347" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> life, let us now turn back, and briefly + make mention of the things which were done.<a id="noteref_892" + name="noteref_892" href="#note_892"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">892</span></span></a> Being + a boy of a good disposition, and virtuous beyond his years, he + conducted himself so modestly and discreetly in all points, that he + was deservedly beloved, respected, and cherished by his elders as + one of themselves.<a id="noteref_893" name="noteref_893" href= + "#note_893"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">893</span></span></a> At + fourteen years of age he chose rather the monastic than the secular + life; which, when he had signified to his father, for his mother + was dead, he readily consented to his godly wishes and desires, and + advised him to persist in that wholesome purpose. Wherefore he came + to the isle of Lindisfarne, and there giving himself to the service + of the monks, he strove diligently to learn and to practise those + things which belong to monastic purity and piety; and being of a + ready wit, he speedily learned the psalms and some other books, + having not yet received the tonsure, but being in no small measure + marked by those virtues of humility and obedience which are more + important than the tonsure; for which reason he was justly loved by + his elders and his equals. Having served God some years in that + monastery, and being a youth of a good understanding, he perceived + that the way of virtue delivered by the Scots was in no wise + perfect, and he resolved to go to Rome, to see what ecclesiastical + or monastic rites were in use at the Apostolic see. When he told + the brethren, they commended his design, and advised him to carry + out that which he purposed. He forthwith went to Queen Eanfled, for + he was known to her, and it was by her counsel and support that he + had been admitted into the aforesaid monastery, and he told her of + his desire to visit the threshold of the blessed Apostles. She, + being pleased with the youth's good purpose, sent <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page348">[pg 348]</span><a name="Pg348" id="Pg348" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> him into Kent, to King + Earconbert,<a id="noteref_894" name="noteref_894" href= + "#note_894"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">894</span></span></a> who + was her uncle's son, requesting that he would send him to Rome in + an honourable manner. At that time, Honorius,<a id="noteref_895" + name="noteref_895" href="#note_895"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">895</span></span></a> one + of the disciples of the blessed Pope Gregory, a man very highly + instructed in ecclesiastical learning, was archbishop there. When + he had tarried there for a space, and, being a youth of an active + spirit, was diligently applying himself to learn those things which + came under his notice, another youth, called Biscop, surnamed + Benedict,<a id="noteref_896" name="noteref_896" href= + "#note_896"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">896</span></span></a> of + the English nobility, arrived there, being likewise desirous to go + to Rome, of whom we have before made mention.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The king gave + him Wilfrid for a companion, and bade Wilfrid conduct him to Rome. + When they came to Lyons, Wilfrid was detained there by + Dalfinus,<a id="noteref_897" name="noteref_897" href= + "#note_897"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">897</span></span></a> the + bishop of that city; but Benedict hastened on to Rome. For the + bishop was delighted with the youth's prudent discourse, the grace + of his comely countenance, his eager activity, and the consistency + and maturity of his thoughts; for which reason he plentifully + supplied him and his companions with all necessaries, as long as + they stayed with him; and further offered, if he would have it, to + commit to him the government of no small part of Gaul, to give him + a maiden daughter of his own brother<a id="noteref_898" name= + "noteref_898" href="#note_898"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">898</span></span></a> to + wife, and to regard him always as his adopted son. But Wilfrid + thanked him for the loving-kindness which he was pleased to show to + a stranger, and answered, that he had resolved upon another course + of life, and for that reason had left his country and set out for + Rome.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Hereupon the + bishop sent him to Rome, furnishing him with a guide and supplying + plenty of all things requisite for his journey, earnestly + requesting that he would come that way, when he returned into his + own <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page349">[pg 349]</span><a name= + "Pg349" id="Pg349" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> country. Wilfrid + arriving at Rome, and daily giving himself with all earnestness to + prayer and the study of ecclesiastical matters, as he had purposed + in his mind, gained the friendship of the most holy and learned + Boniface, the archdeacon,<a id="noteref_899" name="noteref_899" + href="#note_899"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">899</span></span></a> who + was also counsellor to the Apostolic Pope, by whose instruction he + learned in their order the four Gospels, and the true computation + of Easter; and many other things appertaining to ecclesiastical + discipline, which he could not learn in his own country, he + acquired from the teaching of that same master. When he had spent + some months there, in successful study, he returned into Gaul, to + Dalfinus;<a id="noteref_900" name="noteref_900" href= + "#note_900"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">900</span></span></a> and + having stayed with him three years, received from him the tonsure, + and Dalfinus esteemed him so highly in love that he had thoughts of + making him his heir; but this was prevented by the bishop's cruel + death, and Wilfrid was reserved to be a bishop of his own, that is, + the English, nation. For Queen Baldhild<a id="noteref_901" name= + "noteref_901" href="#note_901"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">901</span></span></a> sent + soldiers with orders to put the bishop to death; whom Wilfrid, as + his clerk, attended to the place where he was to be beheaded, being + very desirous, though the bishop strongly opposed it, to die with + him; but the executioners, understanding that he was a stranger, + and of the English nation, spared him, and would not put him to + death with his bishop.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page350">[pg + 350]</span><a name="Pg350" id="Pg350" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Returning to + Britain, he won the friendship of King Alchfrid,<a id="noteref_902" + name="noteref_902" href="#note_902"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">902</span></span></a> who + had learnt to follow always and love the catholic rules of the + Church; and therefore finding him to be a Catholic, he gave him + presently land of ten families at the place called Stanford;<a id= + "noteref_903" name="noteref_903" href="#note_903"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">903</span></span></a> and + not long after, the monastery, with land of thirty families, at the + place called Inhrypum;<a id="noteref_904" name="noteref_904" href= + "#note_904"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">904</span></span></a> which + place he had formerly given to those that followed the doctrine of + the Scots, to build a monastery there. But, forasmuch as they + afterwards, being given the choice, had rather quit the place than + adopt the Catholic Easter and other canonical rites, according to + the custom of the Roman Apostolic Church, he gave the same to him + whom he found to be instructed in better discipline and better + customs.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At the same + time, by the said king's command, he was ordained priest in the + same monastery, by Agilbert,<a id="noteref_905" name="noteref_905" + href="#note_905"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">905</span></span></a> + bishop of the Gewissae above-mentioned, the king being desirous + that a man of so much learning and piety should attend him + constantly as his special priest and teacher; and not long after, + when the Scottish sect had been exposed and banished,<a id= + "noteref_906" name="noteref_906" href="#note_906"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">906</span></span></a> as + was said above, he, with the advice and consent of his father Oswy, + sent him into Gaul, to be consecrated as his bishop,<a id= + "noteref_907" name="noteref_907" href="#note_907"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">907</span></span></a> when + he was about thirty years of age, the same Agilbert being then + bishop of the city of Paris. Eleven other bishops met at the + consecration of the new bishop, and that function was most + honourably performed. Whilst he yet tarried beyond the sea, the + holy man, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page351">[pg + 351]</span><a name="Pg351" id="Pg351" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Ceadda,<a id="noteref_908" name="noteref_908" href= + "#note_908"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">908</span></span></a> was + consecrated bishop of York<a id="noteref_909" name="noteref_909" + href="#note_909"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">909</span></span></a> by + command of King Oswy, as has been said above; and having nobly + ruled that church three years, he retired to take charge of his + monastery of Laestingaeu, and Wilfrid was made bishop of all the + province of the Northumbrians.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Afterwards, in + the reign of Egfrid, he was expelled from his bishopric, and others + were consecrated bishops in his stead, of whom mention has been + made above.<a id="noteref_910" name="noteref_910" href= + "#note_910"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">910</span></span></a> + Designing to go to Rome, to plead his cause before the Apostolic + Pope, he took ship, and was driven by a west wind into + Frisland,<a id="noteref_911" name="noteref_911" href= + "#note_911"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">911</span></span></a> and + honourably received by that barbarous people and their King + Aldgils, to whom he preached Christ, and he instructed many + thousands of them in the Word of truth, washing them from the + defilement of their sins in the Saviour's font. Thus he began there + the work of the Gospel which was afterwards finished with great + devotion by the most reverend bishop of Christ, Wilbrord.<a id= + "noteref_912" name="noteref_912" href="#note_912"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">912</span></span></a> + Having spent the winter there successfully among this new people of + God, he set out again on his way to Rome,<a id="noteref_913" name= + "noteref_913" href="#note_913"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">913</span></span></a> where + his cause being <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page352">[pg + 352]</span><a name="Pg352" id="Pg352" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + tried before Pope Agatho and many bishops,<a id="noteref_914" name= + "noteref_914" href="#note_914"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">914</span></span></a> he + was by the judgement of them all acquitted of all blame, and + declared worthy of his bishopric.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At the same + time, the said Pope Agatho assembling a synod at Rome, of one + hundred and twenty-five bishops, against those who asserted that + there was only one will and operation in our Lord and + Saviour,<a id="noteref_915" name="noteref_915" href= + "#note_915"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">915</span></span></a> + ordered Wilfrid also to be summoned, and, sitting among the + bishops, to declare his own faith and the faith of the province or + island whence he came; and he and his people being found orthodox + in their faith, it was thought fit to record the same among the + acts of that synod, which was done in in this manner: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Wilfrid, the beloved of God, bishop of the city of + York, appealing to the Apostolic see, and being by that authority + acquitted of every thing, whether specified against him or not, and + being appointed to sit in judgement with one hundred and + twenty-five other bishops in the synod, made confession of the true + and catholic faith, and confirmed the same with his subscription in + the name of all the northern part of Britain and Ireland, and the + islands inhabited by the nations of the English and Britons, as + also by the Scots and Picts.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After this, + returning into Britain,<a id="noteref_916" name="noteref_916" href= + "#note_916"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">916</span></span></a> he + converted the province of the South Saxons from their idolatrous + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page353">[pg 353]</span><a name= + "Pg353" id="Pg353" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> worship to the faith + of Christ.<a id="noteref_917" name="noteref_917" href= + "#note_917"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">917</span></span></a> He + also sent ministers of the Word to the Isle of Wight;<a id= + "noteref_918" name="noteref_918" href="#note_918"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">918</span></span></a> and + in the second year of Aldfrid, who reigned after Egfrid, was + restored to his see and bishopric by that king's invitation.<a id= + "noteref_919" name="noteref_919" href="#note_919"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">919</span></span></a> + Nevertheless, five years after, being again accused, he was + deprived of his bishopric by the same king and certain + bishops.<a id="noteref_920" name="noteref_920" href= + "#note_920"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">920</span></span></a> + Coming to Rome,<a id="noteref_921" name="noteref_921" href= + "#note_921"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">921</span></span></a> he + was allowed to make his defence in the presence of his accusers, + before a number of bishops and the Apostolic Pope John.<a id= + "noteref_922" name="noteref_922" href="#note_922"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">922</span></span></a> It + was shown by the judgement of them all, that his accusers had in + part laid false accusations to his charge; and the aforesaid Pope + wrote to the kings of the English, Ethelred <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page354">[pg 354]</span><a name="Pg354" id="Pg354" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> and Aldfrid, to cause him to be + restored to his bishopric, because he had been unjustly + condemned.<a id="noteref_923" name="noteref_923" href= + "#note_923"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">923</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">His acquittal + was much forwarded by the reading of the acts of the synod of Pope + Agatho,<a id="noteref_924" name="noteref_924" href= + "#note_924"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">924</span></span></a> of + blessed memory, which had been formerly held, when Wilfrid was in + Rome and sat in council among the bishops, as has been said before. + For the acts of that synod being, as the case required, read, by + order of the Apostolic Pope, before the nobility and a great number + of the people for some days, they came to the place where it was + written, <span class="tei tei-q">“Wilfrid, the beloved of God, + bishop of the city of York, appealing to the Apostolic see, and + being by that authority acquitted of everything, whether specified + against him or not,”</span> and the rest as above stated. This + being read, the hearers were amazed, and the reader ceasing, they + began to ask of one another, who that Bishop Wilfrid was. Then + Boniface, the Pope's counsellor,<a id="noteref_925" name= + "noteref_925" href="#note_925"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">925</span></span></a> and + many others, who had seen him there in the days of Pope Agatho, + said that he was the same bishop that lately came to Rome, to be + tried by the Apostolic see, being accused by his people, and + <span class="tei tei-q">“who, said they, having long since come + here upon the like accusation, the cause and contention of both + parties being heard and examined, was proved by Pope Agatho, of + blessed memory, to have been wrongfully expelled from his + bishopric, and was held in such honour by him, that he commanded + him to sit in the council of bishops which he had assembled, as a + man of untainted faith and an upright mind.”</span> This being + heard, the Pope and all the rest said, that a man of so great + authority, who had held the office of a bishop for nearly forty + years, ought by no means to be condemned, but being altogether + cleared of the faults laid to his charge, should return home with + honour.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When he came to + Gaul, on his way back to Britain, on a sudden he fell sick, and the + sickness increasing, he was so weighed down by it, that he could + not ride, but was <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page355">[pg + 355]</span><a name="Pg355" id="Pg355" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + carried in his bed by the hands of his servants. Being thus come to + the city of Maeldum,<a id="noteref_926" name="noteref_926" href= + "#note_926"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">926</span></span></a> in + Gaul, he lay four days and nights, as if he had been dead, and only + by his faint breathing showed that he had any life in him. Having + continued thus four days, without meat or drink, without speech or + hearing, at length, on the fifth day, at daybreak, as it were + awakening out of a deep sleep, he raised himself and sat up, and + opening his eyes, saw round about him a company of brethren singing + psalms and weeping. Sighing gently, he asked where Acca,<a id= + "noteref_927" name="noteref_927" href="#note_927"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">927</span></span></a> the + priest, was. This man, straightway being called, came in, and + seeing him somewhat recovered and able to speak, knelt down, and + gave thanks to God, with all the brethren there present. When they + had sat awhile and begun to discourse, with great awe, of the + judgements of heaven, the bishop bade the rest go out for a time, + and spoke to the priest, Acca, after this manner:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“A dread vision has even now appeared to me, which I + would have you hear and keep secret, till I know what God will + please to do with me. There stood by me a certain one, glorious in + white raiment, and he told me that he was Michael, the Archangel, + and said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I am sent to call you back from + death: for the Lord has granted you life, through the prayers and + tears of your disciples and brethren, and the intercession of His + Blessed Mother Mary, of perpetual virginity; wherefore I tell you, + that you shall now recover from this sickness; but be ready, for I + will return and visit you at the end of four years. And when you + come into your country, you shall recover the greater part of the + possessions that have been taken from you, and shall end your days + in peace and quiet.’</span> ”</span> The bishop accordingly + recovered, whereat all men rejoiced and gave thanks to God, and + setting forward on his journey, he arrived in Britain.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Having read the + letters which he brought from the Apostolic Pope, Bertwald, the + archbishop, and Ethelred,<a id="noteref_928" name="noteref_928" + href="#note_928"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">928</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page356">[pg 356]</span><a name= + "Pg356" id="Pg356" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> sometime king, but + then abbot, readily took his part; for the said Ethelred, calling + to him Coenred,<a id="noteref_929" name="noteref_929" href= + "#note_929"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">929</span></span></a> whom + he had made king in his own stead, begged him to be friends with + Wilfrid, in which request he prevailed; nevertheless Aldfrid, king + of the Northumbrians, disdained to receive him. But he died soon + after,<a id="noteref_930" name="noteref_930" href= + "#note_930"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">930</span></span></a> and + so it came to pass that, during the reign of his son Osred,<a id= + "noteref_931" name="noteref_931" href="#note_931"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">931</span></span></a> when + a synod was assembled before long by the river Nidd,<a id= + "noteref_932" name="noteref_932" href="#note_932"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">932</span></span></a> after + some contention on both sides, at length, by the consent of all, he + was restored to the government of his own church;<a id= + "noteref_933" name="noteref_933" href="#note_933"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">933</span></span></a> and + thus he lived in peace four years, till the day of his death. He + died in his monastery, which he had in the province of + Undalum,<a id="noteref_934" name="noteref_934" href= + "#note_934"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">934</span></span></a> under + the government of the Abbot Cuthbald;<a id="noteref_935" name= + "noteref_935" href="#note_935"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">935</span></span></a> and + by the ministry of the brethren, he was carried to his first + monastery which is called Inhrypum,<a id="noteref_936" name= + "noteref_936" href="#note_936"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">936</span></span></a> and + buried in the church of the blessed Apostle Peter, hard by the + altar on the south side, as has been mentioned above, and this + epitaph was written over him:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Here rests the body of the great Bishop Wilfrid, who, + for love of piety, built these courts and consecrated them with the + noble name of Peter, to whom Christ, the Judge of all the earth, + gave the keys of Heaven. And devoutly he clothed them with gold and + Tyrian purple; yea, and he placed here the trophy of the Cross, of + shining ore, uplifted high; moreover he caused the four + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page357">[pg 357]</span><a name= + "Pg357" id="Pg357" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> books of the Gospel + to be written in gold in their order, and he gave a case meet for + them of ruddy gold. And he also brought the holy season of Easter, + returning in its course, to accord with the true teaching of the + catholic rule which the Fathers fixed, and, banishing all doubt and + error, gave his nation sure guidance in their worship. And in this + place he gathered a great throng of monks, and with all diligence + safeguarded the precepts which the Fathers' rule enjoined. And long + time sore vexed by many a peril at home and abroad, when he had + held the office of a bishop forty-five years, he passed away and + with joy departed to the heavenly kingdom. Grant, O Jesus, that the + flock may follow in the path of the shepherd.”</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc291" id="toc291"></a> <a name="pdf292" id="pdf292"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XX" id="Book_V_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XX. How Albinus succeeded to + the godly Abbot Hadrian, and Acca to Bishop Wilfrid. [709</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The next year + after the death of the aforesaid father,<a id="noteref_937" name= + "noteref_937" href="#note_937"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">937</span></span></a> which + was the fifth year of King Osred, the most reverend father, Abbot + Hadrian,<a id="noteref_938" name="noteref_938" href= + "#note_938"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">938</span></span></a> + fellow labourer in the Word of God with Bishop Theodore<a id= + "noteref_939" name="noteref_939" href="#note_939"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">939</span></span></a> of + blessed memory, died, and was buried in the church of the Blessed + Mother of God, in his own monastery,<a id="noteref_940" name= + "noteref_940" href="#note_940"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">940</span></span></a> this + being the forty-first year after he was sent by Pope Vitalian with + Theodore, and the thirty-ninth after his arrival in England. Among + other proofs of his learning, as well as Theodore's, there is this + testimony, that Albinus,<a id="noteref_941" name="noteref_941" + href="#note_941"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">941</span></span></a> his + disciple, who succeeded him in the government of his monastery, was + so well instructed in literary studies, that he had no small + knowledge of the Greek tongue, and knew the Latin as well as the + English, which was his native language.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Acca,<a id= + "noteref_942" name="noteref_942" href="#note_942"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">942</span></span></a> his + priest, succeeded Wilfrid in the bishopric of <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page358">[pg 358]</span><a name="Pg358" id="Pg358" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the church of Hagustald, being likewise + a man of zeal and great in noble works in the sight of God and man. + He enriched the structure of his church, which is dedicated in + honour of the blessed Apostle Andrew with manifold adornments and + marvellous workmanship. For he gave all diligence, as he does to + this day, to procure relics of the blessed Apostles and martyrs of + Christ from all parts, and to raise altars in their honour in + separate side-chapels built for the purpose within the walls of the + same church. Besides which, he industriously gathered the histories + of their martyrdom, together with other ecclesiastical writings, + and erected there a large and noble library. He likewise carefully + provided holy vessels, lamps, and other such things as appertain to + the adorning of the house of God. He in like manner invited to him + a notable singer called Maban,<a id="noteref_943" name= + "noteref_943" href="#note_943"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">943</span></span></a> who + had been taught to sing by the successors of the disciples of the + blessed Pope Gregory in Kent, to instruct himself and his clergy, + and kept him twelve years, to the end that he might teach such + Church music as they did not know, and by his teaching restore to + its former state that which was corrupted either by long use, or + through neglect. For Bishop Acca himself was a most skilful singer, + as well as most learned in Holy Writ, sound in the confession of + the catholic faith, and well versed in the rules of ecclesiastical + custom; nor does he cease to walk after this manner, till he + receive the rewards of his pious devotion. For he was brought up + from boyhood and instructed among the clergy of the most holy and + beloved of God, Bosa, bishop of York.<a id="noteref_944" name= + "noteref_944" href="#note_944"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">944</span></span></a> + Afterwards, coming to Bishop Wilfrid in the hope of a better plan + of life, he spent the rest of his days in attendance on him till + that bishop's death, and going with him to Rome, learned there many + profitable things concerning the ordinances of the Holy Church, + which he could not have learned in his own country.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page359">[pg 359]</span><a name= + "Pg359" id="Pg359" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc293" id="toc293"></a> <a name="pdf294" id="pdf294"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XXI" id="Book_V_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXI. How the Abbot Ceolfrid + sent master-builders to the King of the Picts to build a church, + and with them an epistle concerning the Catholic Easter and the + Tonsure. [710</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At that + time,<a id="noteref_945" name="noteref_945" href= + "#note_945"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">945</span></span></a> + Naiton, King of the Picts, who inhabit the northern parts of + Britain, taught by frequent meditation on the ecclesiastical + writings, renounced the error whereby he and his nation had been + holden till then, touching the observance of Easter, and brought + himself and all his people to celebrate the catholic time of our + Lord's Resurrection. To the end that he might bring this to pass + with the more ease and greater authority, he sought aid from the + English, whom he knew to have long since framed their religion + after the example of the holy Roman Apostolic Church. Accordingly, + he sent messengers to the venerable Ceolfrid,<a id="noteref_946" + name="noteref_946" href="#note_946"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">946</span></span></a> abbot + of the monastery of the blessed Apostles, Peter and Paul, which + stands at the mouth of the river Wear, and near the river Tyne, at + the place called Ingyruum,<a id="noteref_947" name="noteref_947" + href="#note_947"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">947</span></span></a> which + he gloriously governed after Benedict,<a id="noteref_948" name= + "noteref_948" href="#note_948"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">948</span></span></a> of + whom we have before spoken; desiring, that he would send him a + letter of exhortation, by the help of which he might the better + confute those that presumed to keep Easter out of the due time; as + also concerning the form and manner of tonsure whereby the clergy + should be distinguished,<a id="noteref_949" name="noteref_949" + href="#note_949"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">949</span></span></a> + notwithstanding that he himself had no small knowledge of these + things. He also prayed to have master-builders sent him to build a + church of stone in his nation after <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page360">[pg 360]</span><a name="Pg360" id="Pg360" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> the Roman manner,<a id="noteref_950" name= + "noteref_950" href="#note_950"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">950</span></span></a> + promising to dedicate the same in honour of the blessed chief of + the Apostles. Moreover, he and all his people, he said, would + always follow the custom of the holy Roman Apostolic Church, in so + far as men so distant from the speech and nation of the Romans + could learn it. The most reverend Abbot Ceolfrid favourably + receiving his godly desires and requests, sent the builders he + desired, and likewise the following letter:<a id="noteref_951" + name="noteref_951" href="#note_951"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">951</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">To the most excellent lord, and glorious King + Naiton, Abbot Ceolfrid, greeting in the Lord.</span></span> We most + readily and willingly endeavour, according to your desire, to make + known to you the catholic observance of holy Easter, according to + what we have learned of the Apostolic see, even as you, most devout + king, in your godly zeal, have requested of us. For we know, that + whensoever the lords of this world labour to learn, and to teach + and to guard the truth, it is a gift of God to his Holy Church. For + a certain profane writer<a id="noteref_952" name="noteref_952" + href="#note_952"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">952</span></span></a> has + most truly said, that the world would be most happy if either kings + were philosophers, or philosophers were kings. Now if a man of this + world could judge truly of the philosophy of this world, and form a + right choice concerning the state of this world, how much more is + it to be desired, and most earnestly to be prayed for by such as + are citizens of the heavenly country, and strangers and pilgrims in + this world, that the more powerful any are in the world the more + they may strive to hearken to the commands of Him who is the + Supreme Judge, and by their example and authority may teach those + that are committed to their charge, to keep the same, together with + themselves.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“There are then three rules given in the Sacred + Writings, whereby the time of keeping Easter has been appointed for + us and may in no wise be changed by any authority of man; two + whereof are divinely established <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page361">[pg 361]</span><a name="Pg361" id="Pg361" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> in the law of Moses; the third is added in + the Gospel by reason of the Passion and Resurrection of our Lord. + For the law enjoined, that the Passover should be kept in the first + month of the year, and the third week of that month, that is, from + the fifteenth day to the one-and-twentieth. It is added, by + Apostolic institution, from the Gospel, that we are to wait for the + Lord's day in that third week, and to keep the beginning of the + Paschal season on the same. Which threefold rule whosoever shall + rightly observe, will never err in fixing the Paschal feast. But if + you desire to be more plainly and fully informed in all these + particulars, it is written in Exodus, where the people of Israel, + being about to be delivered out of Egypt, are commanded to keep the + first Passover,<a id="noteref_953" name="noteref_953" href= + "#note_953"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">953</span></span></a> that + the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron, saying, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘This month shall be unto you the beginning of months; + it shall be the first month of the year to you. Speak ye unto all + the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month + they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of + their fathers, a lamb for an house.’</span> And a little + after,<a id="noteref_954" name="noteref_954" href= + "#note_954"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">954</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘And ye shall keep it up until the + fourteenth day of the same month; and the whole assembly of the + congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.’</span> By + which words it most plainly appears, that in the Paschal + observance, though mention is made of the fourteenth day, yet it is + not commanded that the Passover be kept on that day; but on the + evening of the fourteenth day, that is, when the fifteenth moon, + which is the beginning of the third week, appears in the sky, it is + commanded that the lamb be killed; and that it was the night of the + fifteenth moon, when the Egyptians were smitten and Israel was + redeemed from long captivity. He says,<a id="noteref_955" name= + "noteref_955" href="#note_955"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">955</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Seven days shall ye eat unleavened + bread.’</span> By which words all the third week of that same first + month is appointed to be a solemn feast. But lest we should think + that those same seven days were to be reckoned from the fourteenth + to the twentieth, He forthwith <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page362">[pg 362]</span><a name="Pg362" id="Pg362" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> adds,<a id="noteref_956" name="noteref_956" + href="#note_956"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">956</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Even the first day ye shall put away + leaven out of your houses; for whosoever eateth leavened bread, + from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut + off from Israel;’</span> and so on, till he says,<a id= + "noteref_957" name="noteref_957" href="#note_957"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">957</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘For in this selfsame day I will bring your + army out of the land of Egypt.’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thus he calls that the first day of unleavened bread, + in which he was to bring their army out of Egypt. Now it is + evident, that they were not brought out of Egypt on the fourteenth + day, in the evening whereof the lamb was killed, and which is + properly called the Passover or Phase, but on the fifteenth day, as + is most plainly written in the book of Numbers:<a id="noteref_958" + name="noteref_958" href="#note_958"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">958</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘and they departed from Rameses on the + fifteenth day of the first month, on the morrow after the Passover + the Israelites went out with an high hand.’</span> Thus the seven + days of unleavened bread, on the first whereof the people of the + Lord were brought out of Egypt, are to be reckoned from the + beginning of the third week, as has been said, that is, from the + fifteenth day of the first month, till the end of the + one-and-twentieth of the same month. But the fourteenth day is + named apart from this number, by the title of the Passover, as is + plainly shown by that which follows in Exodus:<a id="noteref_959" + name="noteref_959" href="#note_959"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">959</span></span></a> + where, after it is said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘For in this + self-same day I will bring your army out of the land of + Egypt;’</span> it is forthwith added, <span class="tei tei-q">‘And + ye shall observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for + ever. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, ye + shall eat unleavened bread, until the one-and-twentieth day of the + month at even. Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your + houses.’</span> Now, who is there that does not perceive, that + there are not only seven days, but rather eight, from the + fourteenth to the one-and-twentieth, if the fourteenth be also + reckoned in the number? But if, as appears by diligent study of the + truth of the Scriptures, we reckon from the evening of the + fourteenth day to the evening of the one-and-twentieth, we shall + certainly <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page363">[pg + 363]</span><a name="Pg363" id="Pg363" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + find, that, while the Paschal feast begins on the evening of the + fourteenth day, yet the whole sacred solemnity contains no more + than only seven nights and as many days. Wherefore the rule which + we laid down is proved to be true, when we said that the Paschal + season is to be celebrated in the first month of the year, and the + third week of the same. For it is in truth the third week, because + it begins on the evening of the fourteenth day, and ends on the + evening of the one-and-twentieth.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But since Christ our Passover is sacrificed,<a id= + "noteref_960" name="noteref_960" href="#note_960"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">960</span></span></a> and + has made the Lord's day, which among the ancients was called the + first day of the week, a solemn day to us for the joy of His + Resurrection, the Apostolic tradition has included it in the + Paschal festival; yet has decreed that the time of the legal + Passover be in no wise anticipated or diminished; but rather + ordains, that according to the precept of the law, that same first + month of the year, and the fourteenth day of the same, and the + evening thereof be awaited. And when this day should chance to fall + on a Saturday, every man should take to him a lamb, according to + the house of his fathers, a lamb for an house, and he should kill + it in the evening, that is, that all the Churches throughout the + world, making one Catholic Church, should provide Bread and Wine + for the Mystery of the Flesh and Blood of the spotless Lamb + <span class="tei tei-q">‘that hath taken away the sins of the + world;’</span><a id="noteref_961" name="noteref_961" href= + "#note_961"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">961</span></span></a> and + after a fitting solemn service of lessons and prayers and Paschal + ceremonies, they should offer up these to the Lord, in hope of + redemption to come. For this is that same night in which the people + of Israel were delivered out of Egypt by the blood of the lamb; + this is the same in which all the people of God were, by Christ's + Resurrection, set free from eternal death. Then, in the morning, + when the Lord's day dawns, they should celebrate the first day of + the Paschal festival; for that is the day on which our Lord made + known the glory of His Resurrection to His disciples, to their + manifold joy at the merciful revelation. <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page364">[pg 364]</span><a name="Pg364" id="Pg364" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> The same is the first day of unleavened + bread, concerning which it is plainly written in Leviticus,<a id= + "noteref_962" name="noteref_962" href="#note_962"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">962</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘In the fourteenth day of the first month, + at even, is the Lord's Passover. And on the fifteenth day of the + same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the Lord; seven + days ye must eat unleavened bread. In the first day ye shall have + an holy convocation.’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“If therefore it could be that the Lord's day should + always happen on the fifteenth day of the first month, that is, on + the fifteenth moon, we might always celebrate the Passover at one + and the same time with the ancient people of God, though the nature + of the mystery be different, as we do it with one and the same + faith. But inasmuch as the day of the week does not keep pace + exactly with the moon, the Apostolic tradition, which was preached + at Rome by the blessed Peter, and confirmed at Alexandria by Mark + the Evangelist,<a id="noteref_963" name="noteref_963" href= + "#note_963"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">963</span></span></a> his + interpreter, appointed that when the first month was come, and in + it the evening of the fourteenth day, we should also wait for the + Lord's day, between the fifteenth and the one-and-twentieth day of + the same month. For on whichever of those days it shall fall, + Easter will be rightly kept on the same; seeing that it is one of + those seven days on which the feast of unleavened bread is + commanded to be kept. Thus it comes to pass that our Easter never + falls either before or after the third week of the first month, but + has for its observance either the whole of it, to wit, the seven + days of unleavened bread appointed by the law, or at least some of + them. For though it comprises but one of them, that is, the + seventh, which the Scripture so highly commends, saying,<a id= + "noteref_964" name="noteref_964" href="#note_964"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">964</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘But the seventh day shall be a more holy + convocation, ye shall do no servile work therein,’</span> none can + lay it to our charge, that we do not rightly keep Easter Sunday, + which we received <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page365">[pg + 365]</span><a name="Pg365" id="Pg365" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + from the Gospel, in the third week of the first month, as the Law + prescribes.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“The catholic reason of this observance being thus + explained, the unreasonable error, on the other hand, of those who, + without any necessity, presume either to anticipate, or to go + beyond the term appointed in the Law, is manifest. For they that + think Easter Sunday is to be observed from the fourteenth day of + the first month till the twentieth moon, anticipate the time + prescribed in the law, without any necessary reason; for when they + begin to celebrate the vigil of the holy night from the evening of + the thirteenth day, it is plain that they make that day the + beginning of their Easter, whereof they find no mention in the + commandment of the Law; and when they avoid celebrating our Lord's + Easter on the one-and-twentieth day of the month, it is surely + manifest that they wholly exclude that day from their solemnity, + which the Law many times commends to be observed as a greater + festival than the rest; and thus, perverting the proper order, they + sometimes keep Easter Day entirely in the second week, and never + place it on the seventh day of the third week. And again, they who + think that Easter is to be kept from the sixteenth day of the said + month till the two-and-twentieth<a id="noteref_965" name= + "noteref_965" href="#note_965"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">965</span></span></a> no + less erroneously, though on the other side, deviate from the right + way of truth, and as it were avoiding shipwreck on Scylla, they + fall into the whirlpool of Charybdis to be drowned. For when they + teach that Easter is to be begun at the rising of the sixteenth + moon of the first month, that is, from the evening of the fifteenth + day, it is certain that they altogether exclude from their + solemnity the fourteenth day of the same month, which the Law first + and chiefly commends; so that they scarce touch the evening of the + fifteenth day, on which the people of God were redeemed from + Egyptian bondage, and on which our Lord, by His Blood, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page366">[pg 366]</span><a name="Pg366" id="Pg366" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> rescued the world from the darkness of + sin, and on which being also buried, He gave us the hope of a + blessed rest after death.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And these men, receiving in themselves the recompense + of their error, when they place Easter Sunday on the twenty-second + day of the month, openly transgress and do violence to the term of + Easter appointed by the Law, seeing that they begin Easter on the + evening of that day in which the Law commanded it to be completed + and brought to an end; and appoint that to be the first day of + Easter, whereof no mention is any where found in the Law, to wit, + the first of the fourth week. And both sorts are mistaken, not only + in fixing and computing the moon's age, but also sometimes in + finding the first month; but this controversy is longer than can be + or ought to be contained in this letter. I will only say thus much, + that by the vernal equinox, it may always be found, without the + chance of an error, which must be the first month of the year, + according to the lunar computation, and which the last. But the + equinox, according to the opinion of all the Eastern nations, and + particularly of the Egyptians,<a id="noteref_966" name= + "noteref_966" href="#note_966"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">966</span></span></a> who + surpass all other learned men in calculation, falls on the + twenty-first day of March, as we also prove by horological + observation. Whatsoever moon therefore is at the full before the + equinox, being on the fourteenth or fifteenth day, the same belongs + to the last month of the foregoing year, and consequently is not + meet for the celebration of Easter; but that moon which is full + after the equinox, or at the very time of the equinox, belongs to + the first month, and on that day, without a doubt, we must + understand that the ancients were wont to celebrate the Passover; + and that we also ought to keep Easter when the Sunday comes. And + that this must be so, there is this cogent reason. It is written in + Genesis,<a id="noteref_967" name="noteref_967" href= + "#note_967"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">967</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘And God made two great lights; the greater + light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the + night.’</span> Or, as another edition<a id="noteref_968" name= + "noteref_968" href="#note_968"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">968</span></span></a> has + it, <span class="tei tei-q">‘The greater light to begin the day, + and the lesser to <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page367">[pg + 367]</span><a name="Pg367" id="Pg367" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + begin the night.’</span> As, therefore, the sun, coming forth from + the midst of the east, fixed the vernal equinox by his rising, and + afterwards the moon at the full, when the sun set in the evening, + followed from the midst of the east; so every year the same first + lunar month must be observed in the like order, so that its full + moon must not be before the equinox; but either on the very day of + the equinox, as it was in the beginning, or after it is past. But + if the full moon shall happen to be but one day before the time of + the equinox, the aforesaid reason proves that such moon is not to + be assigned to the first month of the new year, but rather to the + last of the preceding, and that it is therefore not meet for the + celebration of the Paschal festival.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Now if it please you likewise to hear the mystical + reason in this matter, we are commanded to keep Easter in the first + month of the year, which is also called the month of new things, + because we ought to celebrate the mysteries of our Lord's + Resurrection and our deliverance, with the spirit of our minds + renewed to the love of heavenly things. We are commanded to keep it + in the third week of the same month, because Christ Himself, who + had been promised before the Law, and under the Law, came with + grace, in the third age of the world, to be sacrificed as our + Passover; and because rising from the dead the third day after the + offering of His Passion, He wished this to be called the Lord's + day, and the Paschal feast of His Resurrection to be yearly + celebrated on the same; because, also, we do then only truly + celebrate His solemn festival, if we endeavour with Him to keep the + Passover, that is, the passing from this world to the Father, by + faith, hope, and charity. We are commanded to observe the full moon + of the Paschal month after the vernal equinox, to the end, that the + sun may first make the day longer than the night, and then the moon + may show to the world her full orb of light; inasmuch as first + <span class="tei tei-q">‘the Sun of righteousness, with healing in + His wings,’</span><a id="noteref_969" name="noteref_969" href= + "#note_969"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">969</span></span></a> that + is, our Lord Jesus, by the triumph of His Resurrection, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page368">[pg 368]</span><a name= + "Pg368" id="Pg368" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> dispelled all the + darkness of death, and so ascending into Heaven, filled His Church, + which is often signified by the name of the moon, with the light of + inward grace, by sending down upon her His Spirit. Which order of + our salvation the prophet had in his mind, when he said + <span class="tei tei-q">‘The sun was exalted and the moon stood in + her order.’</span></span><a id="noteref_970" name="noteref_970" + href="#note_970"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">970</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He, therefore, who shall contend that the full Paschal + moon can happen before the equinox, disagrees with the doctrine of + the Holy Scriptures, in the celebration of the greatest mysteries, + and agrees with those who trust that they may be saved without the + grace of Christ preventing them,<a id="noteref_971" name= + "noteref_971" href="#note_971"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">971</span></span></a> and + who presume to teach that they might have attained to perfect + righteousness, though the true Light had never by death and + resurrection vanquished the darkness of the world. Thus, after the + rising of the sun at the equinox, and after the full moon of the + first month following in her order, that is, after the end of the + fourteenth day of the same month, all which we have received by the + Law to be observed, we still, as we are taught in the Gospel, wait + in the third week for the Lord's day; and so, at length, we + celebrate the offering of our Easter solemnity, to show that we are + not, with the ancients, doing honour to the casting off of the yoke + of Egyptian bondage; but that, with devout faith and love, we + worship the Redemption of the whole world, which having been + prefigured in the deliverance of the ancient people of God, was + fulfilled in Christ's Resurrection, and that we may signify that we + rejoice in the sure and certain hope of our own resurrection, which + we believe will likewise happen on the Lord's day.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Now this computation of Easter, which we set forth to + you to be followed, is contained in a cycle of nineteen years, + which began long since to be observed in the Church, to wit, even + in the time of the Apostles, especially at Rome and in Egypt, as + has been said above.<a id="noteref_972" name="noteref_972" href= + "#note_972"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">972</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page369">[pg 369]</span><a name= + "Pg369" id="Pg369" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> But by the industry + of Eusebius,<a id="noteref_973" name="noteref_973" href= + "#note_973"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">973</span></span></a> who + took his surname from the blessed martyr Pamphilus,<a id= + "noteref_974" name="noteref_974" href="#note_974"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">974</span></span></a> it + was reduced to a plainer system; insomuch that what till then used + to be enjoined every year throughout all the Churches by the Bishop + of Alexandria, might, from that time forward, be most easily known + by all men, the occurrence of the fourteenth moon being regularly + set forth in its course. This Paschal computation, + Theophilus,<a id="noteref_975" name="noteref_975" href= + "#note_975"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">975</span></span></a> + Bishop of Alexandria, made for the Emperor Theodosius, for a + hundred years to come. Cyril<a id="noteref_976" name="noteref_976" + href="#note_976"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">976</span></span></a> also, + his successor, comprised a series of ninety-five years in five + cycles of nineteen years. After whom, Dionysius Exiguus<a id= + "noteref_977" name="noteref_977" href="#note_977"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">977</span></span></a> added + as many more, in order, after the same manner, reaching down to our + own time. The expiration of these is now drawing near, but there is + at the present day so great a number of calculators, that even in + our Churches throughout Britain, there are many who, having learned + the ancient rules of the Egyptians, can with great ease carry on + the Paschal cycles for any length of time, even to five hundred and + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page370">[pg 370]</span><a name= + "Pg370" id="Pg370" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> thirty-two + years,<a id="noteref_978" name="noteref_978" href= + "#note_978"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">978</span></span></a> if + they will; after the expiration of which, all that appertains to + the succession of sun and moon, month and week, returns in the same + order as before. We therefore forbear to send you these same cycles + of the times to come, because, desiring only to be instructed + respecting the reason for the Paschal time, you show that you have + enough of those catholic cycles concerning Easter.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But having said thus much briefly and succinctly, as + you required, concerning Easter, I also exhort you to take heed + that the tonsure, concerning which likewise you desired me to write + to you, be in accordance with the use of the Church and the + Christian Faith. And we know indeed that the Apostles were not all + shorn after the same manner, nor does the Catholic Church now, as + it agrees in one faith, hope, and charity towards God, use one and + the same form of tonsure throughout the world. Moreover, to look + back to former times, to wit, the times of the patriarchs, Job, the + pattern of patience, when tribulation came upon him, shaved his + head,<a id="noteref_979" name="noteref_979" href= + "#note_979"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">979</span></span></a> and + thus made it appear that he had used, in time of prosperity, to let + his hair grow. But concerning Joseph, who more than other men + practised and taught chastity, humility, piety, and the other + virtues, we read that he was shorn when he was to be delivered from + bondage,<a id="noteref_980" name="noteref_980" href= + "#note_980"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">980</span></span></a> by + which it appears, that during the time of his bondage, he was in + the prison with unshorn hair. Behold then how each of these men of + God differed in the manner of their appearance abroad, though their + inward consciences agreed in a like grace of virtue. But though we + may be free to confess, that the difference of tonsure is not + hurtful to those whose faith is pure towards God, and their charity + sincere towards their neighbour, especially since we do not read + that there was ever any controversy among the Catholic fathers + about the difference of tonsure, as there has been a contention + about the diversity in keeping Easter, and in matters of faith; + nevertheless, among all the forms of tonsure that are to be found + in <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page371">[pg 371]</span><a name= + "Pg371" id="Pg371" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the Church, or among + mankind at large, I think none more meet to be followed and + received by us than that which that disciple wore on his head, to + whom, after his confession of Himself, our Lord said,<a id= + "noteref_981" name="noteref_981" href="#note_981"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">981</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will + build My Church, and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against + it, and I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of + Heaven.’</span> Nor do I think that any is more rightly to be + abhorred and detested by all the faithful, than that which that man + used, to whom that same Peter, when he would have bought the grace + of the Holy Ghost, said,<a id="noteref_982" name="noteref_982" + href="#note_982"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">982</span></span></a> + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Thy money perish with thee, because thou + hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money. Thou + hast neither part nor lot in this word.’</span> Nor do we shave + ourselves in the form of a crown only because Peter was so shorn; + but because Peter was so shorn in memory of the Passion of our + Lord, therefore we also, who desire to be saved by the same + Passion, do with him bear the sign of the same Passion on the top + of our head, which is the highest part of our body. For as all the + Church, because it was made a Church by the death of Him that gave + it life, is wont to bear the sign of His Holy Cross on the + forehead, to the end, that it may, by the constant protection of + His banner, be defended from the assaults of evil spirits, and by + the frequent admonition of the same be taught, in like manner, to + crucify the flesh with its affections and lusts;<a id="noteref_983" + name="noteref_983" href="#note_983"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">983</span></span></a> so + also it behoves those, who having either taken the vows of a monk, + or having the degree of a clerk, must needs curb themselves the + more strictly by continence, for the Lord's sake, to bear each one + of them on his head, by the tonsure, the form of the crown of + thorns which He bore on His head in His Passion, that He might bear + the thorns and thistles of our sins, that is, that he might bear + them away and take them from us; to the end that they may show on + their foreheads that they also willingly, and readily, endure all + scoffing and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page372">[pg + 372]</span><a name="Pg372" id="Pg372" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + reproach for his sake; and that they may signify that they await + always <span class="tei tei-q">‘the crown of eternal life, which + God hath promised to them that love him,’</span><a id="noteref_984" + name="noteref_984" href="#note_984"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">984</span></span></a> and + that for the sake of attaining thereto they despise both the evil + and the good of this world. But as for the tonsure which Simon + Magus is said to have used, who is there of the faithful, I ask + you, who does not straightway detest and reject it at the first + sight of it, together with his magic? Above the forehead it does + seem indeed to resemble a crown; but when you come to look at the + neck, you will find the crown cut short which you thought you saw; + so that you may perceive that such a use properly belongs not to + Christians but to Simoniacs, such as were indeed in this life by + erring men thought worthy of the glory of an everlasting crown; but + in that which is to follow this life are not only deprived of all + hope of a crown, but are moreover condemned to eternal + punishment.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But do not think that I have said thus much, as though + I judged them worthy to be condemned who use this tonsure, if they + uphold the catholic unity by their faith and works; nay, I + confidently declare, that many of them have been holy men and + worthy servants of God. Of which number is Adamnan,<a id= + "noteref_985" name="noteref_985" href="#note_985"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">985</span></span></a> the + notable abbot and priest of the followers of Columba, who, when + sent on a mission by his nation to King Aldfrid, desired to see our + monastery, and forasmuch as he showed wonderful wisdom, humility, + and piety in his words and behaviour, I said to him among other + things, when I talked with him, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I beseech + you, holy brother, how is it that you, who believe that you are + advancing to the crown of life, which knows no end, wear on your + head, after a fashion ill-suited to your belief, the likeness of a + crown that has an end? And if you seek the fellowship of the + blessed Peter, why do you imitate the likeness of the tonsure of + him whom St. Peter anathematized? and why do you not rather even + now show that you choose with <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page373">[pg 373]</span><a name="Pg373" id="Pg373" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> all your heart the fashion of him with whom + you desire to live in bliss for ever.’</span> He answered, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Be assured, my dear brother, that though I + wear the tonsure of Simon, according to the custom of my country, + yet I detest and abhor with all my soul the heresy of Simon; and I + desire, as far as lies in my small power, to follow the footsteps + of the most blessed chief of the Apostles.’</span> I replied, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘I verily believe it; nevertheless it is a + token that you embrace in your inmost heart whatever is of Peter + the Apostle, if you also observe in outward form that which you + know to be his. For I think your wisdom easily discerns that it is + much better to estrange from your countenance, already dedicated to + God, the fashion of his countenance whom with all your heart you + abhor, and of whose hideous face you would shun the sight; and, on + the other hand, that it beseems you to imitate the manner of his + appearance, whom you seek to have for your advocate before God, + even as you desire to follow his actions and his + teaching.’</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“This I said at that time to Adamnan, who indeed showed + how much he had profited by seeing the ordinances of our Churches, + when, returning into Scotland,<a id="noteref_986" name= + "noteref_986" href="#note_986"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">986</span></span></a> he + afterwards by his preaching led great numbers of that nation to the + catholic observance of the Paschal time; though he was not yet able + to bring back to the way of the better ordinance the monks that + lived in the island of Hii over whom he presided with the special + authority of a superior. He would also have been mindful to amend + the tonsure, if his influence had availed so far.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But I now also admonish your wisdom, O king, that + together with the nation, over which the King of kings, and Lord of + lords, has placed you, you strive to observe in all points those + things which are in accord with the unity of the Catholic and + Apostolic Church; for so it will come to pass, that after you have + held sway in a temporal kingdom, the blessed chief of the Apostles + will also willingly open to you and yours with all the elect the + entrance into the heavenly kingdom. The grace of <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page374">[pg 374]</span><a name="Pg374" id="Pg374" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the eternal King preserve you in + safety, long reigning for the peace of us all, my dearly beloved + son in Christ.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This letter + having been read in the presence of King Naiton and many learned + men, and carefully interpreted into his own language by those who + could understand it, he is said to have much rejoiced at the + exhortation thereof; insomuch that, rising from among his nobles + that sat about him, he knelt on the ground, giving thanks to God + that he had been found worthy to receive such a gift from the land + of the English. <span class="tei tei-q">“And indeed,”</span> he + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I knew before, that this was the + true celebration of Easter, but now I so fully learn the reason for + observing this time, that I seem in all points to have known but + little before concerning these matters. Therefore I publicly + declare and protest to you that are here present, that I will for + ever observe this time of Easter, together with all my nation; and + I do decree that this tonsure, which we have heard to be + reasonable, shall be received by all clerks in my kingdom.”</span> + Without delay he accomplished by his royal authority what he had + said. For straightway the Paschal cycles of nineteen years were + sent by command of the State throughout all the provinces of the + Picts to be transcribed, learned, and observed, the erroneous + cycles of eighty-four years being everywhere blotted out.<a id= + "noteref_987" name="noteref_987" href="#note_987"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">987</span></span></a> All + the ministers of the altar and monks were shorn after the fashion + of the crown; and the nation thus reformed, rejoiced, as being + newly put under the guidance of Peter, the most blessed chief of + the Apostles, and committed to his protection.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc295" id="toc295"></a> <a name="pdf296" id="pdf296"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XXII" id="Book_V_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXII. How the monks of Hii, and + the monasteries subject to them, began to celebrate the canonical + Easter at the preaching of Egbert. [716</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Not long after, + those monks also of the Scottish nation, who lived in the isle of + Hii, with the other monasteries that were subject to them, were by + the Lord's doing brought <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page375">[pg + 375]</span><a name="Pg375" id="Pg375" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + to the canonical observance with regard to Easter, and the tonsure. + For in the year of our Lord 716, when Osred<a id="noteref_988" + name="noteref_988" href="#note_988"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">988</span></span></a> was + slain, and Coenred<a id="noteref_989" name="noteref_989" href= + "#note_989"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">989</span></span></a> took + upon him the government of the kingdom of the Northumbrians, the + father and priest,<a id="noteref_990" name="noteref_990" href= + "#note_990"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">990</span></span></a> + Egbert, beloved of God, and worthy to be named with all honour, + whom we have before often mentioned, came to them from Ireland, and + was honourably and joyfully received. Being a most gracious + teacher, and most devout in practising those things which he + taught, and being willingly heard by all, by his pious and diligent + exhortations, he converted them from that deep-rooted tradition of + their fathers, of whom may be said those words of the Apostle, + <span class="tei tei-q">“That they had a zeal of God, but not + according to knowledge.”</span><a id="noteref_991" name= + "noteref_991" href="#note_991"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">991</span></span></a> He + taught them to celebrate the principal solemnity after the catholic + and apostolic manner, as has been said, wearing on their heads the + figure of an unending crown.<a id="noteref_992" name="noteref_992" + href="#note_992"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">992</span></span></a> It is + manifest that this came to pass by a wonderful dispensation of the + Divine goodness; to the end, that the same nation which had + willingly, and without grudging, taken heed to impart to the + English people that learning which it had in the knowledge of God, + should afterwards, by means of the English nation, be brought, in + those things which it had not, to a perfect rule of life. Even as, + contrarywise, the Britons, who <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page376">[pg 376]</span><a name="Pg376" id="Pg376" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> would not reveal to the English the knowledge + which they had of the Christian faith, now, when the English people + believe, and are in all points instructed in the rule of the + Catholic faith, still persist in their errors, halting and turned + aside from the true path, expose their heads without a crown, and + keep the Feast of Christ apart from the fellowship of the Church of + Christ.<a id="noteref_993" name="noteref_993" href= + "#note_993"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">993</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The monks of + Hii, at the teaching of Egbert, adopted the catholic manner of + conversation, under Abbot Dunchad, about eighty years after they + had sent Bishop Aidan to preach to the English nation.<a id= + "noteref_994" name="noteref_994" href="#note_994"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">994</span></span></a> The + man of God, Egbert, remained thirteen years in the aforesaid + island, which he had thus consecrated to Christ, as it were, by a + new ray of the grace of fellowship and peace in the Church; and in + the year of our Lord 729, in which Easter was celebrated on the + 24th of April, when he had celebrated the solemnity of the Mass, in + memory of the Resurrection of our Lord, that same day he departed + to the Lord and thus finished, or rather never ceases endlessly to + celebrate, with our Lord, and the Apostles, and the other citizens + of heaven, the joy of that greatest festival, which he had begun + with the brethren, whom he had converted to the grace of unity. And + it was a wonderful dispensation of the Divine Providence, that the + venerable man passed from this world to the Father, not only at + Easter, but also when Easter was celebrated on that day,<a id= + "noteref_995" name="noteref_995" href="#note_995"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">995</span></span></a> on + which it had never been wont to be celebrated in those parts. The + brethren rejoiced in the sure and catholic knowledge of the time of + Easter, and were glad in that their father, by whom they had been + brought into the right way, passing hence to the Lord should plead + for them. He also gave thanks that he had so long continued in the + flesh, till he saw his hearers accept and <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page377">[pg 377]</span><a name="Pg377" id="Pg377" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> keep with him as Easter that day which they + had ever before avoided. Thus the most reverend father being + assured of their amendment, rejoiced to see the day of the Lord, + and he saw it and was glad.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc297" id="toc297"></a> <a name="pdf298" id="pdf298"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XXIII" id="Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIII. Of the present state of + the English nation, or of all Britain. [725-731</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">]</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 725, being the seventh year of Osric,<a id="noteref_996" + name="noteref_996" href="#note_996"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">996</span></span></a> king + of the Northumbrians, who had succeeded Coenred, Wictred,<a id= + "noteref_997" name="noteref_997" href="#note_997"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">997</span></span></a> the + son of Egbert, king of Kent, died on the 23rd of April, and left + his three sons, Ethelbert, Eadbert, and Alric,<a id="noteref_998" + name="noteref_998" href="#note_998"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">998</span></span></a> heirs + of that kingdom, which he had governed thirty-four years and a + half. The next year Tobias,<a id="noteref_999" name="noteref_999" + href="#note_999"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">999</span></span></a> + bishop of the church of Rochester, died, a most learned man, as has + been said before; for he was disciple to those masters of blessed + memory, Theodore, the archbishop, and Abbot Hadrian, wherefore, as + has been said, besides having a great knowledge of letters both + ecclesiastical and general, he learned both the Greek and Latin + tongues to such perfection, that they were as well known and + familiar to him as his native language. He was buried in the chapel + of St. Paul the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page378">[pg + 378]</span><a name="Pg378" id="Pg378" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Apostle, which he had built within the church of St. Andrew<a id= + "noteref_1000" name="noteref_1000" href="#note_1000"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1000</span></span></a> for + his own place of burial. After him Aldwulf<a id="noteref_1001" + name="noteref_1001" href="#note_1001"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1001</span></span></a> took + upon him the office of bishop, having been consecrated by + Archbishop Bertwald.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 729, two comets appeared about the sun, to the great + terror of the beholders. One of them went before the sun in the + morning at his rising, the other followed him when he set in the + evening, as it were presaging dire disaster to both east and west; + or without doubt one was the forerunner of the day, and the other + of the night, to signify that mortals were threatened with + calamities at both times. They carried their flaming brands towards + the north, as it were ready to kindle a conflagration. They + appeared in January, and continued nearly a fortnight. At which + time a grievous blight fell upon Gaul, in that it was laid waste by + the Saracens with cruel bloodshed; but not long after in that + country they received the due reward of their unbelief.<a id= + "noteref_1002" name="noteref_1002" href="#note_1002"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1002</span></span></a> In + that year the holy man of God, Egbert, departed to the Lord, as has + been said above, on Easter day;<a id="noteref_1003" name= + "noteref_1003" href="#note_1003"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1003</span></span></a> and + immediately after Easter, that is, on the 9th of May, Osric,<a id= + "noteref_1004" name="noteref_1004" href="#note_1004"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1004</span></span></a> king + of the Northumbrians, departed this life, after he had reigned + eleven years, and appointed Ceolwulf,<a id="noteref_1005" name= + "noteref_1005" href="#note_1005"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1005</span></span></a> + brother to Coenred,<a id="noteref_1006" name="noteref_1006" href= + "#note_1006"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1006</span></span></a> who + had reigned before him, his successor; the beginning and progress + of whose reign have been so filled with many and great commotions + and conflicts, that it cannot yet be known what is to be said + concerning them, or what end they will have.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 731, Archbishop Bertwald died of old age, on the 13th of + January, having held his <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page379">[pg + 379]</span><a name="Pg379" id="Pg379" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + see thirty-seven years, six months and fourteen days.<a id= + "noteref_1007" name="noteref_1007" href="#note_1007"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1007</span></span></a> In + his stead, the same year, Tatwine,<a id="noteref_1008" name= + "noteref_1008" href="#note_1008"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1008</span></span></a> of + the province of the Mercians, was made archbishop, having been a + priest in the monastery called Briudun.<a id="noteref_1009" name= + "noteref_1009" href="#note_1009"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1009</span></span></a> He + was consecrated in the city of Canterbury by the venerable men, + Daniel,<a id="noteref_1010" name="noteref_1010" href= + "#note_1010"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1010</span></span></a> + bishop of Winchester, Ingwald of London,<a id="noteref_1011" name= + "noteref_1011" href="#note_1011"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1011</span></span></a> + Aldwin of Lichfield,<a id="noteref_1012" name="noteref_1012" href= + "#note_1012"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1012</span></span></a> and + Aldwulf of Rochester,<a id="noteref_1013" name="noteref_1013" href= + "#note_1013"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1013</span></span></a> on + Sunday, the 10th of June, being a man renowned for piety and + wisdom, and of notable learning in Holy Scripture.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus at the + present time,<a id="noteref_1014" name="noteref_1014" href= + "#note_1014"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1014</span></span></a> the + bishops Tatwine and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page380">[pg + 380]</span><a name="Pg380" id="Pg380" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + Aldwulf preside in the churches of Kent; Ingwald is bishop in the + province of the East Saxons. In the province of the East Angles, + the bishops are Aldbert and Hadulac;<a id="noteref_1015" name= + "noteref_1015" href="#note_1015"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1015</span></span></a> in + the province of the West Saxons, Daniel and Forthere;<a id= + "noteref_1016" name="noteref_1016" href="#note_1016"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1016</span></span></a> in + the province of the Mercians, Aldwin.<a id="noteref_1017" name= + "noteref_1017" href="#note_1017"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1017</span></span></a> + Among those peoples who dwell beyond the river Severn to the + westward,<a id="noteref_1018" name="noteref_1018" href= + "#note_1018"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1018</span></span></a> + Walhstod is bishop; in the province of the Hwiccas, Wilfrid;<a id= + "noteref_1019" name="noteref_1019" href="#note_1019"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1019</span></span></a> in + the province of Lindsey, Bishop Cynibert<a id="noteref_1020" name= + "noteref_1020" href="#note_1020"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1020</span></span></a> + presides; the bishopric of the Isle of Wight<a id="noteref_1021" + name="noteref_1021" href="#note_1021"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1021</span></span></a> + belongs to Daniel, bishop of the city of Winchester. The province + of the South Saxons,<a id="noteref_1022" name="noteref_1022" href= + "#note_1022"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1022</span></span></a> + having now continued some years without a bishop, receives + episcopal ministrations from the prelate of the West Saxons. All + these provinces, and the other southern provinces, as far as the + boundary formed by the river Humber, with their several kings, are + subject to King Ethelbald.<a id="noteref_1023" name="noteref_1023" + href="#note_1023"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1023</span></span></a></p><span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page381">[pg 381]</span><a name="Pg381" id="Pg381" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But in the + province of the Northumbrians, where King Ceolwulf reigns, four + bishops now preside; Wilfrid<a id="noteref_1024" name= + "noteref_1024" href="#note_1024"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1024</span></span></a> in + the church of York, Ethelwald<a id="noteref_1025" name= + "noteref_1025" href="#note_1025"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1025</span></span></a> in + that of Lindisfarne, Acca<a id="noteref_1026" name="noteref_1026" + href="#note_1026"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1026</span></span></a> in + that of Hagustald, Pecthelm<a id="noteref_1027" name="noteref_1027" + href="#note_1027"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1027</span></span></a> in + that which is called the White House, which, as the number of the + faithful has increased, has lately become an episcopal see, and has + him for its first prelate. The Pictish people also at this time are + at peace with the English nation, and rejoice in having their part + in Catholic peace and truth with the universal Church. The + Scots<a id="noteref_1028" name="noteref_1028" href= + "#note_1028"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1028</span></span></a> that + inhabit Britain, content with their own territories, devise no + plots nor hostilities against the English nation. The + Britons,<a id="noteref_1029" name="noteref_1029" href= + "#note_1029"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1029</span></span></a> + though they, for the most part, as a nation hate and oppose the + English nation, and wrongfully, and from wicked lewdness, set + themselves against the appointed Easter of the whole Catholic + Church; yet, inasmuch as both Divine and human power withstand + them, they can in neither purpose prevail as they desire; for + though in part they are their own masters, yet part of them are + brought under subjection to the English. In these favourable times + of peace and calm,<a id="noteref_1030" name="noteref_1030" href= + "#note_1030"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1030</span></span></a> many + of the Northumbrians, as well of the nobility as private persons, + laying aside their weapons, and receiving the tonsure, desire + rather both for themselves and their children to take upon them + monastic vows, than to practise the pursuit of war. What will be + the end hereof, the next age will see. This is for the present the + state <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page382">[pg 382]</span><a name= + "Pg382" id="Pg382" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> of all Britain; + about two hundred and eighty-five years after the coming of the + English into Britain, and in the 731st year of our Lord, in Whose + kingdom that shall have no end let the earth rejoice; and Britain + being one with them in the joy of His faith, let the multitude of + isles be glad, and give thanks at the remembrance of His + holiness.</p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc299" id="toc299"></a> <a name="pdf300" id="pdf300"></a> + <a name="Book_V_Chap_XXIV" id="Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h2 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"> + <span style="font-size: 144%">Chap. XXIV. Chronological + recapitulation of the whole work: also concerning the author + himself.</span></h2> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I have thought + fit briefly to sum up those things which have been related at + length under their particular dates, that they may be the better + kept in memory.<a id="noteref_1031" name="noteref_1031" href= + "#note_1031"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1031</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the sixtieth + year before the Incarnation of our Lord, Caius Julius Cæsar, first + of the Romans invaded Britain, and was victorious, yet could not + maintain the supreme power there. [<a href="#Book_I_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 2</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord, 46, Claudius, being the second of the Romans who came to + Britain, received the surrender of a great part of the island, and + added the Orkney islands to the Roman empire. [<a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">I, 3</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 167, Eleuther, being made bishop at Rome, governed the + Church most gloriously fifteen years.<a id="noteref_1032" name= + "noteref_1032" href="#note_1032"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1032</span></span></a> To + whom Lucius, king of Britain, sent a letter, asking to be made a + Christian, and succeeded in obtaining his request. [<a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">I, 4</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year of + our Lord 189, Severus, being made emperor, reigned seventeen years; + he fortified Britain with a rampart from sea to sea. [<a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">I, 5</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 381, + Maximus, being made emperor in Britain, crossed over into Gaul, and + slew Gratian. [<a href="#Book_I_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">I, + 9</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 409, + Rome was overthrown by the Goths, from which time the Romans ceased + to rule in Britain. [<a href="#Book_I_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 11</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 430, + Palladius was sent by Pope Celestine <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page383">[pg 383]</span><a name="Pg383" id="Pg383" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> to the Scots that believed in Christ to be + their first bishop. [<a href="#Book_I_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 13</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 449, + Marcian being made emperor with Valentinian, reigned seven years; + in whose time the English, being called in by the Britons, came + into Britain. [<a href="#Book_I_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">I, + 15</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 538, + an eclipse of the sun came to pass on the 16th of February, from + the first hour until the third.<a id="noteref_1033" name= + "noteref_1033" href="#note_1033"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1033</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 540, + an eclipse of the sun came to pass on the 20th of June, and the + stars appeared during almost half an hour after the third hour of + the day.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 547, + Ida<a id="noteref_1034" name="noteref_1034" href= + "#note_1034"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1034</span></span></a> + began to reign; he was the founder of the royal family of the + Northumbrians, and he reigned twelve years.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 565, + the priest, Columba, came out of Scotland,<a id="noteref_1035" + name="noteref_1035" href="#note_1035"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1035</span></span></a> into + Britain, to teach the Picts, and he built a monastery in the isle + of Hii. [<a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 4</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 596, + Pope Gregory sent Augustine with monks into Britain, to preach the + good tidings of the Word of God to the English nation. [<a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">I, 23</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 597, + the aforesaid teachers arrived in Britain; being about the 150th + year from the coming of the English into Britain. [<a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">I, 25</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 601, + Pope Gregory sent the pall into Britain to Augustine, who was + already made bishop; he sent also several ministers of the Word, + among whom was Paulinus. [<a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 29</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 603, + a battle was fought at Degsastan. [<a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">I, 34</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 604, + the East Saxons received the faith of Christ, under King Sabert, + Mellitus being bishop. [<a href="#Book_II_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 3</a>.]</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page384">[pg 384]</span><a name="Pg384" id="Pg384" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 605, + Gregory died. [<a href="#Book_II_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">II, + 1</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 616, + Ethelbert, king of Kent died. [<a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 5</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 625, + Paulinus was ordained bishop of the Northumbrians by Archbishop + Justus. [<a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">II, + 9</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 626, + Eanfled, daughter of King Edwin, was baptized with twelve others, + on the eve of Whitsunday. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ib.</span></span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 627, + King Edwin was baptized, with his nation, at Easter. [<a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">II, 14</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 633, + King Edwin being killed, Paulinus returned to Kent. [<a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">II, 20</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 640, + Eadbald, king of Kent, died. [<a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 642, + King Oswald was slain. [<a href="#Book_III_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 9</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 644, + Paulinus, formerly bishop of York, but then of the city of + Rochester, departed to the Lord. [<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 14</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 651, + King Oswin was killed, and Bishop Aidan died. [<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 653, + the Middle Angles, under their prince, Penda, were admitted to the + mysteries of the faith. [<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 21</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 655, + Penda was slain, and the Mercians became Christians. [<a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 24</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 664, + an eclipse came to pass; Earconbert, king of Kent, died; and Colman + with the Scots returned to his people; a pestilence arose; Ceadda + and Wilfrid were ordained bishops of the Northumbrians. [<a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">III, 26-28</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 668, + Theodore was ordained bishop. [<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 670, + Oswy, king of the Northumbrians, died. [<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 5</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 673, + Egbert, king of Kent, died; and a synod was held at Hertford, in + the presence of King Egfrid, Archbishop Theodore presiding: the + synod was of great profit, and its decrees are contained in ten + articles. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year + 675,<a id="noteref_1036" name="noteref_1036" href= + "#note_1036"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1036</span></span></a> + Wulfhere, king of the Mercians, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page385">[pg 385]</span><a name="Pg385" id="Pg385" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> when he had reigned seventeen years, died and + left the government to his brother Ethelred.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 676, + Ethelred ravaged Kent. [<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 678, + a comet appeared; Bishop Wilfrid was driven from his see by King + Egfrid; and Bosa, Eata, and Eadhaed were consecrated bishops in his + stead. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>; <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 679, + Aelfwine was killed. [<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 21</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 680, + a synod was held in the plain of Haethfelth, concerning the + Catholic faith, Archbishop Theodore presiding; John, the Roman + abbot, was also present. The same year also the Abbess Hilda died + at Streanaeshalch. [IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">17</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 685, + Egfrid, king of the Northumbrians, was slain. The same year + Hlothere, king of Kent, died. [<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 688, + Caedwald, king of the West Saxons, went to Rome from Britain. + [<a href="#Book_V_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 7</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 690, + Archbishop Theodore died. [<a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 8</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 697, + Queen Osthryth was murdered by her own nobles, to wit, the nobles + of the Mercians.<a id="noteref_1037" name="noteref_1037" href= + "#note_1037"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1037</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 698, + Berctred, an ealdorman of the king of the Northumbrians, was slain + by the Picts.<a id="noteref_1038" name="noteref_1038" href= + "#note_1038"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1038</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 704, + Ethelred, after he had reigned thirty-one years over the nation of + the Mercians, became a monk, and gave up the kingdom to Coenred. + [<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>.]<a id= + "noteref_1039" name="noteref_1039" href="#note_1039"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1039</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 705, + Aldfrid, king of the Northumbrians, died. [<a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 709, + Coenred, king of the Mercians, having reigned five years, went to + Rome. [<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 19</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 711, + the commander Bertfrid fought with the Picts.<a id="noteref_1040" + name="noteref_1040" href="#note_1040"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1040</span></span></a></p><span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page386">[pg 386]</span><a name="Pg386" id="Pg386" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 716, + Osred, king of the Northumbrians, was killed; and Ceolred, king of + the Mercians, died; and the man of God, Egbert, brought the monks + of Hii to observe the Catholic Easter and the ecclesiastical + tonsure. [<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXII" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 22</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 725, + Wictred, king of Kent, died. [<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 23</a>.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 729, + comets appeared; the holy Egbert passed away; and Osric died. + [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 731, + Archbishop Bertwald died. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The same year + Tatwine was consecrated ninth archbishop of the church of + Canterbury, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Ethelbald, king + of the Mercians. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>]</p> + + <div class="tei tei-tb"> + <hr style="width: 50%" /> + </div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus much of the + Ecclesiastical History of Britain, and more especially of the + English nation, as far as I could learn either from the writings of + the ancients, or the tradition of our forefathers, or of my own + knowledge, with the help of the Lord, I, Bede,<a id="noteref_1041" + name="noteref_1041" href="#note_1041"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1041</span></span></a> the + servant of Christ, and priest of the monastery of the blessed + Apostles, Peter and Paul, which is at Wearmouth and Jarrow,<a id= + "noteref_1042" name="noteref_1042" href="#note_1042"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1042</span></span></a> have + set forth. Having been born in the territory of that same + monastery, I was given, by the care of kinsmen, at seven years of + age, to be educated by the most reverend Abbot Benedict,<a id= + "noteref_1043" name="noteref_1043" href="#note_1043"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1043</span></span></a> and + afterwards by Ceolfrid,<a id="noteref_1044" name="noteref_1044" + href="#note_1044"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1044</span></span></a> and + spending all the remaining time of my life a dweller in that + monastery, I wholly applied myself to the study of Scripture; and + amidst the observance of monastic rule, and the daily charge of + singing in the church, I always took delight in learning, or + teaching, or writing. In the nineteenth year of my age, I received + deacon's orders; in the thirtieth, those of the priesthood, both of + them by the ministry of the most reverend Bishop John,<a id= + "noteref_1045" name="noteref_1045" href="#note_1045"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1045</span></span></a> and + at <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page387">[pg 387]</span><a name= + "Pg387" id="Pg387" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> the bidding of the + Abbot Ceolfrid. From the time when I received priest's orders, till + the fifty-ninth year of my age, I have made it my business, for my + own needs and those of my brethren, to compile out of the works of + the venerable Fathers, the following brief notes on the Holy + Scriptures, and also to make some additions after the manner of the + meaning and interpretation given by them:<a id="noteref_1046" name= + "noteref_1046" href="#note_1046"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1046</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Beginning + of Genesis, to the birth of Isaac and the casting out of Ishmael, + four books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Concerning the + Tabernacle and its Vessels, and of the Vestments of the Priests, + three books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the first + part of Samuel, to the Death of Saul, three books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Concerning the + Building of the Temple, of Allegorical Exposition, and other + matters, two books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Likewise on the + Book of Kings, thirty Questions.<a id="noteref_1047" name= + "noteref_1047" href="#note_1047"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1047</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Proverbs + of Solomon, three books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Song of + Songs, seven books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On Isaiah, + Daniel, the twelve Prophets, and Part of Jeremiah, Divisions of + Chapters, collected from the Treatise of the blessed Jerome.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On Ezra and + Nehemiah, three books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the song of + Habakkuk, one book.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Book of + the blessed Father Tobias, one Book of Allegorical Explanation + concerning Christ and the Church.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Also, Chapters + of Readings on the Pentateuch of Moses, Joshua, and + Judges;</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page388">[pg + 388]</span><a name="Pg388" id="Pg388" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Books of + Kings and Chronicles;</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Book of + the blessed Father Job;</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the + Proverbs,<a id="noteref_1048" name="noteref_1048" href= + "#note_1048"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1048</span></span></a> + Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs;</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Prophets + Isaiah, Ezra, and Nehemiah.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Gospel of + Mark, four books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Gospel of + Luke, six books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Of Homilies on + the Gospel, two books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the + Apostle,<a id="noteref_1049" name="noteref_1049" href= + "#note_1049"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1049</span></span></a> + whatsoever I have found in the works of St. Augustine I have taken + heed to transcribe in order.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the Acts of + the Apostles, two books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the seven + Catholic Epistles, a book on each.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the + Revelation of St. John, three books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Likewise, + Chapters of Lessons on all the New Testament, except the + Gospel.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Likewise a book + of Epistles to divers Persons, of which one is of the Six Ages of + the world; one of the Halting-places of the Children of Israel; one + on the words of Isaiah, <span class="tei tei-q">“And they shall be + shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be + visited”</span>;<a id="noteref_1050" name="noteref_1050" href= + "#note_1050"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1050</span></span></a> one + of the Reason of Leap-Year, and one of the Equinox, according to + Anatolius.<a id="noteref_1051" name="noteref_1051" href= + "#note_1051"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1051</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Likewise + concerning the Histories of Saints: I translated the Book of the + Life and Passion of St. Felix, Confessor,<a id="noteref_1052" name= + "noteref_1052" href="#note_1052"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1052</span></span></a> from + the metrical work of Paulinus, into prose; the Book of the Life and + Passion of St. Anastasius,<a id="noteref_1053" name="noteref_1053" + href="#note_1053"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1053</span></span></a> + which was ill translated from the Greek, and worse amended by some + ignorant person, I have corrected as to the sense as far as I + could; I have written the Life of <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page389">[pg 389]</span><a name="Pg389" id="Pg389" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> the Holy Father Cuthbert,<a id="noteref_1054" + name="noteref_1054" href="#note_1054"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1054</span></span></a> who + was both monk and bishop, first in heroic verse, and afterwards in + prose.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The History of + the Abbots of this monastery, in which I rejoice to serve the + Divine Goodness, to wit, Benedict, Ceolfrid, and Huaetbert,<a id= + "noteref_1055" name="noteref_1055" href="#note_1055"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1055</span></span></a> in + two books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The + Ecclesiastical History of our Island and Nation, in five books.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The Martyrology + of the Festivals of the Holy Martyrs, in which I have carefully + endeavoured to set down all whom I could find, and not only on what + day, but also by what sort of combat, and under what judge they + overcame the world.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A Book of Hymns + in divers sorts of metre, or rhythm.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A Book of + Epigrams in heroic or elegiac verse.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Of the Nature of + Things, and of the Times, one book of each; likewise, of the Times, + one larger book.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A book of + Orthography arranged in Alphabetical Order.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Likewise a Book + of the Art of Poetry, and to it I have added another little Book of + Figures of Speech or Tropes; that is, of the Figures and Modes of + Speech in which the Holy Scriptures are written.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And I beseech + Thee, good Jesus, that to whom Thou hast graciously granted sweetly + to drink in the words of Thy knowledge, Thou wilt also vouchsafe in + Thy loving-kindness that he may one day come to Thee, the Fountain + of all wisdom, and appear for ever before Thy face.</p> + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page390">[pg 390]</span><a name= + "Pg390" id="Pg390" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc301" id="toc301"></a> <a name="pdf302" id="pdf302"></a> + <a name="Continuation" id="Continuation" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Continuation</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Continuation of + Bede.</span></span><a id="noteref_1056" name="noteref_1056" href= + "#note_1056"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1056</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 731 + King Ceolwulf was taken prisoner, and tonsured, and sent back to his + kingdom; Bishop Acca was driven from his see.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 732, + Egbert<a id="noteref_1057" name="noteref_1057" href= + "#note_1057"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1057</span></span></a> was + made Bishop of York, in the room of Wilfrid.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">[Cynibert Bishop + of Lindsey died.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">[In the year of + our Lord 733, Archbishop Tatwine, having received the pall by + Apostolic authority, ordained Alwic<a id="noteref_1058" name= + "noteref_1058" href="#note_1058"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1058</span></span></a> and + Sigfrid,<a id="noteref_1059" name="noteref_1059" href= + "#note_1059"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1059</span></span></a> + bishops.]</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 733, + there was an eclipse of the sun on the 14th day of August about the + third hour, in such wise that the whole orb of the sun seemed to be + covered with a black and gloomy shield.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 734, + the moon, on the 31st of January, about the time of cock-crowing, + was, for about a whole hour, coloured blood-red, after which a + blackness followed, and she regained her wonted light.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year from + the Incarnation of Christ, 734, bishop Tatwine died.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 735, + Nothelm was ordained archbishop; and bishop Egbert, having received + the pall from the Apostolic see, was the first to be established as + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page391">[pg 391]</span><a name="Pg391" + id="Pg391" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> archbishop<a id="noteref_1060" + name="noteref_1060" href="#note_1060"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1060</span></span></a> after + Paulinus, and he ordained Frithbert,<a id="noteref_1061" name= + "noteref_1061" href="#note_1061"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1061</span></span></a> and + Frithwald<a id="noteref_1062" name="noteref_1062" href= + "#note_1062"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1062</span></span></a> + bishops; and the priest Bede died.<a id="noteref_1063" name= + "noteref_1063" href="#note_1063"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1063</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 737, + an excessive drought rendered the land unfruitful; and Ceolwulf, + voluntarily receiving the tonsure, left the kingdom to Eadbert.<a id= + "noteref_1064" name="noteref_1064" href="#note_1064"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1064</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 739, + Edilhart,<a id="noteref_1065" name="noteref_1065" href= + "#note_1065"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1065</span></span></a> king + of the West-Saxons, died, as did Archbishop Nothelm.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 740, + Cuthbert<a id="noteref_1066" name="noteref_1066" href= + "#note_1066"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1066</span></span></a> was + consecrated in Nothelm's stead. Ethelbald, king of the Mercians, + cruelly and wrongfully wasted part of Northumbria, their king, + Eadbert, with his army, being employed against the Picts. Bishop + Ethelwald died also, and Conwulf,<a id="noteref_1067" name= + "noteref_1067" href="#note_1067"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1067</span></span></a> was + consecrated in his stead. Arnwin<a id="noteref_1068" name= + "noteref_1068" href="#note_1068"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1068</span></span></a> and + Eadbert<a id="noteref_1069" name="noteref_1069" href= + "#note_1069"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1069</span></span></a> were + slain.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 741, a + great drought came upon the country. Charles,<a id="noteref_1070" + name="noteref_1070" href="#note_1070"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1070</span></span></a> king + of the Franks, died; and his sons, Caroloman and Pippin,<a id= + "noteref_1071" name="noteref_1071" href="#note_1071"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1071</span></span></a> + reigned in his stead.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 745, + Bishop Wilfrid and Ingwald, Bishop of London, departed to the + Lord.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 747, + the man of God, Herefrid,<a id="noteref_1072" name="noteref_1072" + href="#note_1072"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1072</span></span></a> + died.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 750, + Cuthred, king of the West Saxons, rose up against king Ethelbald and + Oengus; Theudor <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page392">[pg + 392]</span><a name="Pg392" id="Pg392" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> and + Eanred died; Eadbert added the plain of Kyle and other places to his + dominions.<a id="noteref_1073" name="noteref_1073" href= + "#note_1073"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1073</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 753, + in the fifth year of King Eadbert, on the 9th of January,<a id= + "noteref_1074" name="noteref_1074" href="#note_1074"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1074</span></span></a> an + eclipse of the sun came to pass; afterwards, in the same year and + month, on the 24th day of January, the moon suffered an eclipse, + being covered with a gloomy, black shield, in like manner as was the + sun a little while before.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 754, + Boniface,<a id="noteref_1075" name="noteref_1075" href= + "#note_1075"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1075</span></span></a> called + also Winfrid, Bishop of the Franks, received the crown of martyrdom, + together with fifty-three others; and Redger was consecrated + archbishop in his stead, by pope Stephen.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 757, + Ethelbald, king of the Mercians, was treacherously and miserably + murdered, in the night, by his own guards; Beornred<a id= + "noteref_1076" name="noteref_1076" href="#note_1076"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1076</span></span></a> began + his reign; Cyniwulf,<a id="noteref_1077" name="noteref_1077" href= + "#note_1077"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1077</span></span></a> king + of the West Saxons, died; and the same year, Offa, having put + Beornred to flight, sought to gain the kingdom of the Mercians by + bloodshed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 758, + Eadbert, king of the Northumbrians, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page393">[pg 393]</span><a name="Pg393" id="Pg393" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> receiving St. Peter's tonsure for the love of + God, and to the end that he might take the heavenly country by + force,<a id="noteref_1078" name="noteref_1078" href= + "#note_1078"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1078</span></span></a> left + the kingdom to his son Oswulf.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 755, + Oswulf was wickedly murdered by his own thegns; and Ethelwald, being + chosen the same year by his people, entered upon the kingdom; in + whose second year there was great tribulation by reason of + pestilence, which continued almost two years, divers grievous + sicknesses raging, but more especially the disease of dysentery.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 761, + Oengus,<a id="noteref_1079" name="noteref_1079" href= + "#note_1079"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1079</span></span></a> king + of the Picts, died; who, from the beginning to the end of his reign, + continued to be a blood-stained and tyrannical butcher; Oswin<a id= + "noteref_1080" name="noteref_1080" href="#note_1080"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1080</span></span></a> was + also slain.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 765, + King Aluchred came to the throne.<a id="noteref_1081" name= + "noteref_1081" href="#note_1081"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1081</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In the year 766 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, Archbishop Egbert, of + the royal race, and endued with divine knowledge, as also Frithbert, + both of them truly faithful bishops, departed to the Lord.</p> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page395">[pg 395]</span><a name= + "Pg395" id="Pg395" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc303" id="toc303"></a> <a name="pdf304" id="pdf304"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Index</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aaron, British Martyr, <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">18</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aaron, High Priest, <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">361</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Abbots" id="Index-Abbots" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Abbots, + Anonymous History of the,”</span> editorial references to, + <a href="#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxv</a>, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">257</a> n., <a href="#Pg389" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">389</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">and see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bede" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bede</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Abercorn" id="Index-Abercorn" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Abercorn or Aebbercurnig, Monastery of, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg286" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Abraham's Oak, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">342</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Abraham's Tomb, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Acca" id="Index-Acca" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Acca, friend of Bede, afterwards Bishop of Hexham, in succession + to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">161</a>, <a href="#Pg248" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href="#Pg357" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>, <a href= + "#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358</a>, + <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg381" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his attachment to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">161</a>, <a href="#Pg355" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355</a>, <a href="#Pg358" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + driven from his see, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">161</a>, <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">390</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his good works, musical gifts and learning, <a href="#Pg358" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + educated by Bosa, <a href="#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">358</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Acha, sister of Edwin, wife of Ethelfrid, and mother of Oswald, + <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">383</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Acts of the Apostles, quoted, <a href="#Pg011" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg197" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">197</a>, <a href= + "#Pg304" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">304</a>, + <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">335</a>, <a href="#Pg371" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">371</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Adalbert, Life + of,”</span> editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg143" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adam, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">341</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tomb, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Adamnan-Iona" id="Index-Adamnan-Iona" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adamnan, Abbot of Iona, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">140</a> n., <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his work on the Holy Places (<span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“De Locis Sanctis”</span>), <a href="#Pgxxii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, + <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">337</a>, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">338</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life of St. + Columba,”</span> <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">336</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his missions to King Aldfrid, <a href="#Pg336" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg372" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts the Irish to the Catholic Easter and ecclesiastical + tonsure, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">337</a>, <a href="#Pg372" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372</a>, <a href="#Pg373" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">373</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his death, <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">337</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives Arculf, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">338</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + return to Ireland, <a href="#Pg373" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">373</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adamnan, Monk of Coldingham, foretells the burning of Coldingham + Monastery, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg283" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">283</a>, <a href="#Pg284" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">284</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his vision, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">281</a>, <a href="#Pg283" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">283</a>, <a href="#Pg284" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">284</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his penitence, <a href="#Pg282" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">282</a>, <a href="#Pg283" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">283</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his austerity, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">281</a>, <a href="#Pg282" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">282</a>, <a href="#Pg283" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">283</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ad-Barvae" id="Index-Ad-Barvae" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ad Barvae, or At the Wood, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg231" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adda, Northumbrian priest, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg180" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg181" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Addi, a thegn, <a href="#Pg308" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">308</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adeodatus, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adgefrin, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Yeavering" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Yeavering</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adtuifyrdi, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Twyford" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Twyford</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Adulwald, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eadbald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eadbald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aebba" id="Index-Aebba" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aebba, Abbess of Coldingham, half-sister of Oswy, <a href= + "#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a>, + <a href="#Pg283" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">283</a>, <a href="#Pg284" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">284</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her name, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the monasteries of Ebchester and Coldingham, <a href= + "#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her friendship for Cuthbert, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + intercedes for Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href="#Pg352" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her death, <a href="#Pg284" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">284</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aebbercurnig, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Abercorn" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Abercorn</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aecci" id="Index-Aecci" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aecci, Bishop of Dunwich, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">231</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aedan" id="Index-Aedan" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aedan, King of Scots, defeated by Ethelfrid, <a href="#Pg073" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href= + "#Pg074" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aedgils, fellow priest of Bede, <a href="#Pg284" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">284</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aelfric (<span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Grammaticus”</span>) editorial reference to, + <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aelfric, father of Osric, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg164" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aelfwine" id="Index-Aelfwine" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aelfwine, brother of Egfrid, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">267</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page396">[pg 396]</span><a name= + "Pg396" id="Pg396" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aelli-Deira" id="Index-Aelli-Deira" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aelli, King of Deira, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">83</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Gregory's pun on his name, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">83</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aelli" id="Index-Aelli" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aelli, King of Sussex, first Bretwalda, <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg245" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aenhere" id="Index-Aenhere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aenhere, King of the Hwiccas, <a href="#Pg246" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aescwine" id="Index-Aescwine" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aescwine, Sub-king of Wessex, <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aesica, a little boy dedicated to religion, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg234" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">234</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aetherius" id="Index-Aetherius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aetherius, Archbishop of Lyons, <a href="#Pg044" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg049" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href= + "#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aetius, the Consul, <a href="#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">26</a>, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">27</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + put to death by Valentinian, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg041" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aetla" id="Index-Aetla" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aetla, Bishop of Dorchester, <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">272</a>, <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aetswinapathe, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Ouestraefelda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ouestraefelda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Africa, Churches of, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agabus, the prophet, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">11</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agatha, St., <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agatho, Pope, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">254</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends John the precentor to report on the English Church, + <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a>, <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">258</a>, <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + holds a Synod against the Monothelites, <a href="#Pg352" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + tries Wilfrid's cause, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">352</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg354" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agatho, a priest, companion of Agilbert, <a href="#Pg195" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Agilbert" id="Index-Agilbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agilbert, missionary to the West Saxons, Bishop of Dorchester, + <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href="#Pg149" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>, <a href="#Pg194" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a>, <a href= + "#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + offended by Coinwalch, returns to Gaul, <a href="#Pg150" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made Bishop of Paris, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">350</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + refuses to return to England, and sends Leutherius in his place, + <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">151</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Whitby Synod, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg201" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his ignorance of English, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">196</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + entertains Theodore, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">206</a>, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">350</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agnes, St., <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">54</a> n., <a href="#Pg265" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agricola, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">11</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Agricola, son of Severianus, a Pelagian, <a href="#Pg032" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aidan" id="Index-Aidan" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aidan, Monk of Iona, Abbot and Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href= + "#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg004" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">4</a> n., <a href="#Pg139" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a>, + <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">201</a>, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">347</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede's admiration for, <a href="#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxix</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mission to Northumbria, <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">138</a>, <a href="#Pg144" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a>, <a href="#Pg146" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146</a>, <a href= + "#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">376</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his life, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">144</a>, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">146</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordination, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">144</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">138</a>, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">144</a>, <a href="#Pg145" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a>, <a href="#Pg170" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170</a>, <a href= + "#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his doctrine, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">144</a>, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">145</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his good example, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">144</a>, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">145</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his rebuke to Corman, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">145</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives his horse to a beggar, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">165</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his friendship for Oswin, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">165</a>, <a href="#Pg166" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">169</a>, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>, <a href="#Pg288" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his prevision of Oswin's death, <a href="#Pg166" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + foretells and calms a storm, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg167" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his miracles, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">167</a>, <a href="#Pg168" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168</a>, <a href="#Pg169" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169</a>, <a href= + "#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Farne, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">168</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + saves Bamborough from fire, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">168</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his body translated to Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg169" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169</a>, <a href="#Pg202" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his observance of Easter, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">170</a>, <a href="#Pg171" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a>, <a href="#Pg193" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his disciples, <a href="#Pg202" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">202</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">208</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his rule, <a href="#Pg290" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">290</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + persuades Hilda to return to Northumbria, <a href="#Pg271" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates Heiu as a nun, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">271</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aire, the River, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Akeburg" id="Index-Akeburg" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Akeburgh (perhaps Jacobsburgh), <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alani, the, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alaric, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alban, St., <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg039" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">39</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his conversion, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">14</a>, <a href="#Pg015" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">15</a>, <a href="#Pg016" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">16</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Lives of, <a href="#Pg015" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">15</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + miracles, <a href="#Pg017" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">17</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tomb, <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">36</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his blood, <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">36</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Albinus" id="Index-Albinus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Albinus, Abbot of St. Augustine's Monastery, Canterbury, in + succession to Hadrian, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg002" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a> n., <a href="#Pg003" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href= + "#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his scholarship, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + furnishes Bede with materials for the <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> + <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">3</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Albion, early name of Britain, <a href="#Pg005" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alchfled, daughter of Oswy, wife of Peada, <a href="#Pg180" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href= + "#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alchfrid, King of Deira, son of Oswy, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a>, + <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">206</a>, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">377</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + rebels against Oswy, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">207</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts Peada, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the battle of the Winwaed, <a href="#Pg188" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + friendship for Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">194</a>, <a href="#Pg350" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his observance of Easter, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">194</a>, <a href="#Pg195" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Whitby, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + friendship for Coinwalch of Wessex, <a href="#Pg350" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page397">[pg 397]</span><a name= + "Pg397" id="Pg397" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alcluith, or Dumbarton, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dumbarton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dumbarton</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Alcuin" id="Index-Alcuin" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alcuin, his letter to the monks of Wearmouth, <a href="#Pgxxxv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his influence on learning, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his anecdote of Bede, <a href="#Pgxxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxvii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De Sanct. + Ebor.”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life of + Wilbrord”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">143</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ref. to, <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">319</a> n., <a href="#Pg320" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a>, <a href="#Pg323" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldbert" id="Index-Aldbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldbert, Bishop of Dunwich, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">379</a>, <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldfrid" id="Index-Aldfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldfrid, King of Northumbria after Egfrid, <a href="#Pgxxix" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href= + "#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a>, + <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">302</a>, <a href="#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">312</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg372" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372</a>, + <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">342</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>, <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relations with Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg247" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">247</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg354" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354</a>, <a href= + "#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + retrieves the fortunes of Northumbria, <a href="#Pg287" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + visits Drythelm, <a href="#Pg331" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">331</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + friendship for Adamnan, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg338" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">338</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his exile in Iona, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">336</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldgils" id="Index-Aldgils" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldgils, King of Frisland, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">351</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldhelm" id="Index-Aldhelm" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, <a href="#Pgxxx" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a> n., + <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a>, <a href="#Pg345" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his women scholars, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">237</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + letter to Geraint, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">336</a> n., <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + letter to Wilfrid's clergy, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made Abbot of Malmesbury, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at St. Michael's, Malmesbury, <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his literary works, <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">344</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldwin-Partney" id="Index-Aldwin-Partney" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldwin, Abbot of Partney or Peartaneu, <a href="#Pg158" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldwin-Worr" id="Index-Aldwin-Worr" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldwin, or Worr, Bishop of Lichfield, <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a>, <a href="#Pg380" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldwulf-Rochester" id="Index-Aldwulf-Rochester" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldwulf, Bishop of Rochester, <a href="#Pg378" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">378</a>, <a href="#Pg379" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a>, <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aldwulf-King" id="Index-Aldwulf-King" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aldwulf, King of East Anglia, son of Ethelhere, <a href="#Pg121" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a>, + <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his support of Ethelthryth, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alemanni, the, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alexandria, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">338</a>, <a href="#Pg364" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">364</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alexandria, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Cyril" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cyril</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Theophilus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Theophilus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alexandrians, the, <a href="#Pg366" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">366</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alfred, his translation of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xx</a>, + <a href="#Pg321" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">321</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Alfrid" id="Index-Alfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Alfrid,”</span> + King of Northumbria, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Allectus, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">14</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Allelujah, or Hallelujah, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">83</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + All Martyrs, the Festival of, later the festival of All Saints, + <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">93</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + All Saints, the Festival of, introduced by Pope Boniface, + <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">93</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alne, the River, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">292</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Alric" id="Index-Alric" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alric, son of Wictred of Kent, <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aluchred" id="Index-Aluchred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aluchred, King of Northumbria, <a href="#Pg393" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alweo, brother of Penda, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Alwic" id="Index-Alwic" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Alwic, Bishop of Lindsey, <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">390</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Amasea, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Asterius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Asterius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Amber, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ambleteuse, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Amfleat" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Amfleat</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ambrose, St., quoted, <a href="#Pgxlii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xlii</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ambrosius Aurelianus, <a href="#Pg031" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">31</a>, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">32</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Amfleat" id="Index-Amfleat" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Amfleat, or Ambleteuse, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Amphibalus, St., <a href="#Pg015" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">15</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Amulets, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">289</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Anastasis (Resurrection of our Lord), Church at Jerusalem, + <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">339</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Anastasius" id="Index-Anastasius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Anastasius, St., <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">388</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Anatolius" id="Index-Anatolius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Anatolius, Bishop of Laodicea, authority on the Easter question, + <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">139</a>, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">198</a>, <a href="#Pg199" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199</a>, <a href="#Pg368" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">368</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">388</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ancyra, a cloak of, <a href="#Pg109" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">109</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Andeley-sur-Seine" id="Index-Andeley-sur-Seine" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Andeley-sur-Seine, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg152" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Andhun, ealdorman, rules the South Saxons, <a href="#Pg251" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Andilegum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Andeley-sur-Seine" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Andeley-sur-Seine</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Andragius, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Androgius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Androgius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Andredsweald, the, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Andrew, a monk, refuses the English Archbishopric, <a href= + "#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Andrew, St., <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">42</a> n., <a href="#Pg089" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg163" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Androgius" id="Index-Androgius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Androgius, Andragius, Androgorius or Mandubracius, Chief of the + Trinovantes, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Angels, <a href="#Pgxxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg174" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a>, <a href="#Pg175" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">175</a>, <a href= + "#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176</a>, + <a href="#Pg221" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">221</a>, <a href="#Pg222" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">222</a>, <a href="#Pg333" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">333</a>, <a href="#Pg334" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Angles, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg031" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">31</a>, <a href="#Pg082" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">82</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Gregory's pun upon, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">82</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page398">[pg 398]</span><a name= + "Pg398" id="Pg398" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Anglesea, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">102</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Anglia" id="Index-Anglia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Anglia, the name of, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Angrivarii, the, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Angulus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Anglia" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Anglia</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Anna" id="Index-Anna" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Anna, King of East Anglia, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">149</a>, <a href="#Pg152" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a>, <a href="#Pg172" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>, <a href= + "#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>, + <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a>, <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg260" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his piety, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">149</a>, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">172</a>, <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his good children, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">149</a>, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">173</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain by Penda, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">173</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + enriches the monastery of Cnobheresburg, <a href="#Pg174" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Annales + Cambriae,”</span> editorial references to, <a href="#Pg032" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">337</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Annales + Francorum,”</span> editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg323" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Annegray, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Annemundus" id="Index-Annemundus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Annemundus (Dalfinus), Archbishop of Lyons, <a href="#Pg194" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his kindness to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his execution, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">349</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Anselm" id="Index-Anselm" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="#Pg072" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Antioch, Patriarch of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Anastasius" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Anastasius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Antoninus Pius, his rampart, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">24</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Antonius-Bassianus" id="Index-Antonius-Bassianus" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Antonius, Bassianus, Emperor, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Antwerp, <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxi</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Appleby" id="Index-Appleby" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Appleby, Thomas, Bishop of Carlisle, <a href="#Pg294" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">294</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Apollinarianism, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">255</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Apostles, the, their manner of tonsure, <a href="#Pg370" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aquila, <a href="#Pg197" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">197</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aquileia, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aquitaine, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a> n., <a href="#Pg033" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Arcadius, Emperor of the East, son of Theodosius, <a href= + "#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">20</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Arculf" id="Index-Arculf" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Arculf, Bishop of Gaul, <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">337-340</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Argyll, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Arianism, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg019" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a>, <a href="#Pg020" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">20</a>, <a href= + "#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a> n., + <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">255</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Arles, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bishop of, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">54</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Arles, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-John-Arles" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">John</a>, <a href="#Index-Vergilius" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Vergilius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Armagh, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Tomene" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Tomene</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Armagh, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Tomene" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Tomene</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Armenia, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Armorica, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Armoricans, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Arnwin, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Arwald" id="Index-Arwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Arwald, King of the Isle of Wight, <a href="#Pg252" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his brothers, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">252</a>, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">253</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Asclepiodotus, restores Britain to the Romans, <a href="#Pg014" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ascension, the Basilica of the, at Jerusalem, <a href="#Pg340" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340</a>, <a href= + "#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">341</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Asia, Churches of, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Asterius-Genoa" id="Index-Asterius-Genoa" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Asterius, Bishop of Genoa (Archbishop of Milan), <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Asterius" id="Index-Asterius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Asterius, Bishop of Amasea, <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">265</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Astronomy, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">217</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Athelstan, <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">303</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Atlantic, the, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + At the Stone, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Stoneham" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Stoneham</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + At the Wood, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ad-Barvae" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ad Barvae</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Attila, King of the Huns, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Audrey, popular form of Ethelthryth, <a href="#Pg263" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Augustine" id="Index-Augustine" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Augustine, St., sent by Pope Gregory to convert the English, + <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxi</a>, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, + <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">42</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg047" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">47</a>, <a href="#Pg048" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href= + "#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, + <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">86</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">94</a> n., <a href="#Pg098" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98</a>, <a href="#Pg126" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href= + "#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordained abbot, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">43</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + recommended to Aetherius, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">44</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + lands in Thanet, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg142" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + received by Ethelbert and Bertha, <a href="#Pg045" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg046" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">46</a>, <a href= + "#Pg047" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">47</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + settles at Canterbury, <a href="#Pg047" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">47</a>, <a href="#Pg048" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg072" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his report to Gregory, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">49</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordained Archbishop of the English at Arles, <a href="#Pg049" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his see, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + recommended by Gregory to Vergilius, <a href="#Pg063" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63</a>, <a href="#Pg064" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives the pall, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg066" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66</a>, <a href="#Pg383" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his miracles, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">68</a>, <a href="#Pg069" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">69</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg083" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a>, <a href= + "#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + recommended to Ethelbert by Gregory, <a href="#Pg070" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">70</a>, <a href="#Pg071" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + restores the Church of St. Saviour, Canterbury, <a href="#Pg072" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds the Monastery of SS. Peter and Paul, <a href="#Pg072" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + calls a Synod, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">83</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his dispute with the British bishops, <a href="#Pg085" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg087" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his prophecy of disaster, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Mellitus and Justus, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">88</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried in the Church of SS. Peter and Paul, <a href="#Pg072" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href= + "#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tomb and epitaph, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">90</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his body translated, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">90</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his monastic rule, <a href="#Pg290" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">290</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page399">[pg 399]</span><a name= + "Pg399" id="Pg399" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Augustine, St., Bishop of Hippo, <a href="#Pg021" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">21</a>, <a href="#Pg388" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">388</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + The Sentences of, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Augustine's Ác, or Augustine's Oak, Synod at, <a href="#Pg084" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84-86</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Augustus, Emperor, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg020" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">20</a>, <a href= + "#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>, + <a href="#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">26</a>, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg042" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Aurelius" id="Index-Aurelius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aurelius Commodus, Emperor, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">12</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aurelius Victor, quoted, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">135</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aust, probably Augustine's Ác, <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Austerfield, Northumbria, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">353</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Austrasia, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Dagobert-II" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Dagobert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Avon, the River, in Linlithgow, <a href="#Pg189" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Aylesford, Kent, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ayrshire, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325</a> n., <a href="#Pg392" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Babbanburch, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Bamborough" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Bamborough</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Badbury, Dorsetshire, supposed to be Badon Hill, <a href="#Pg032" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Badon Hill, Battle of, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">32</a>, <a href="#Pg042" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Baducing, patronymic of Benedict Biscop, <a href="#Pg257" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Badudegn, a monk of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg298" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">298</a>, <a href="#Pg299" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">299</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Badwin" id="Index-Badwin" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Badwin, Bishop of Elmham, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">231</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Baithanus, Irish bishop, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">128</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Balder, the God, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">323</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Baldhild" id="Index-Baldhild" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Baldhild, or Bathild, Queen Regent of Neustria, wife of Clovis + II, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a> n., <a href="#Pg349" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ballads, English, <a href="#Pg277" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">277</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Baltic, The, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bamborough" id="Index-Bamborough" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bamborough, Babbanburch, Bebbanburh, or Bebburgh, <a href= + "#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, + <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">161</a>, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">168</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bangor, alleged birthplace of Pelagius, <a href="#Pg021" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">21</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bangor-is-Coed, or Bancornaburg, monastery of, <a href="#Pg086" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a>, <a href= + "#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a> n., + <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">88</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bangor, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dinoot" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dinoot</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Baptism, of women, <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">56</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of children, <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">56</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its practice in the British Church, <a href="#Pg087" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in the Roman Church, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">87</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + proper days for, <a href="#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">104</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ritual of, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bardney" id="Index-Bardney" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bardney, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">123</a> n., <a href="#Pg157" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg158" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158</a>, <a href= + "#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>, + <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + endowed by Ethelred and Osthryth, <a href="#Pg157" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial place of Oswald, <a href="#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg158" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bardney, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ethelred" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ethelred</a>, + <a href="#Index-Hygbald" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Hygbald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Barking" id="Index-Barking" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Barking, or In Berecingum, Monastery of, <a href="#Pgxxviii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg232" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg233" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">233</a>, <a href= + "#Pg234" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">234</a>, + <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">235</a>, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">237</a>, <a href="#Pg238" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">238</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Barking, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ethelburg" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ethelburg</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Barrow, Lincolnshire, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Barton-on-Humber, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Basil, St., his Hexameron, quoted, <a href="#Pg006" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bassianus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Antonius-Bassianus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Antonius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bassus, Edwin's thegn, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bathild, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Baldhild" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Baldhild</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Baths of Britain, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bay of the Lighthouse, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Whitby-Bay" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Whitby</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Beardaneu, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bardney" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bardney</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bebba, Queen, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">168</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bebbanburh, or Bebburgh, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Bamborough" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Bamborough</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bede" id="Index-Bede" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bede, or Beda, the author, called <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Venerable,”</span> <a href="#Pgxxi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxi</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of his life, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxiii-xliii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his family, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + born near Wearmouth, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his instructors, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg222" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">222</a>, + <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n., <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his ordination, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his life spent in the Monastery of Wearmouth and Jarrow, <a href= + "#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a> n., + <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dates of his birth and death, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his autobiography, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386-389</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his diligence, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his eyes dim in age, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his death, <a href="#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xix</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix-xliii</a>, <a href="#Pg391" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his epitaph, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his learning, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his style, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + visits Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + visits York, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Egbert his pupil, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Epistola ad + Ecgbertum,”</span> <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his influence, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his last illness, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href="#Pgxl" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xl</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxlii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xlii</a>, + <a href="#Pgxliii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xliii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life of + Cuthbert”</span> in prose and verse, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pg004" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a> n., + <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a> n., + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page400">[pg 400]</span><a name= + "Pg400" id="Pg400" class="tei tei-anchor" style= + "text-align: left"></a> <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">288</a> n., <a href="#Pg291" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">291</a>, <a href="#Pg309" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">309</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + story of his visit to Rome, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + story of his residence at Cambridge, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his writings, <a href="#Pgxxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + list of his literary works and compilations, <a href="#Pg386" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386-389</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his studies, <a href="#Pgxxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386-389</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his duties, <a href="#Pgxxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pgxxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his zeal for Catholic usages, <a href="#Pgxxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his admiration for Aidan, <a href="#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxix</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dictates to Wilbert his translation of St. John and St. Isidore, + <a href="#Pgxlii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xlii</a>, <a href="#Pgxliii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xliii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Jarrow, <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xl</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relics stolen by Elfred and carried to Durham, <a href= + "#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xl</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + translated with those of St. Cuthbert to the new Cathedral, + <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xl</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + a shrine erected to him by Hugh de Puisac, <a href="#Pgxl" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xl</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his chronology corrected, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg011" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg012" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>, <a href= + "#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a> n., + <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a> n., <a href="#Pg022" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a> n., + <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">27</a> n., <a href="#Pg028" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">28</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a> n., + <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">42</a> n., <a href="#Pg063" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a> n., + <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a> n., <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n., + <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">254</a> n., <a href="#Pg287" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Martyrology,”</span> editorial references to, + <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">27</a> n., <a href="#Pg099" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his friendship for Acca, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">161</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De + Temporibus,”</span> <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">170</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De temporum + Ratione,”</span> <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">170</a>, <a href="#Pg227" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">227</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“History of + the Abbots,”</span> <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">213</a> n., <a href="#Pg215" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a> n., + <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + uses the Caesarean system of Indictions, <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De Locis + Santis,”</span> <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">337</a> n., <a href="#Pg338" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">338</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + said to have written Ceolfrid's Letter to Naiton, <a href= + "#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Expositio + in Marci Evangelium,”</span> <a href="#Pg364" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">364</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Ecclesiastical-History" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ecclesiastical</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bega, Irish Saint, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a> n., <a href="#Pg275" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">275</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Begu, a nun, has a vision of Hilda's death, <a href="#Pg275" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">275</a>, <a href= + "#Pg276" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">276</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Belgium, or Belgic Gaul, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Benedict I, Pope, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">83</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Benedict-Biscop" id="Index-Benedict-Biscop" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Benedict Biscop, Abbot of Wearmouth, <a href="#Pg215" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>, + <a href="#Pg389" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">389</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede trained under, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, <a href= + "#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg257" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his library, <a href="#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxv</a>, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">257</a> n., <a href="#Pg287" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + temporary abbot of SS. Peter and Paul's Monastery, <a href= + "#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + goes to Rome, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + brings John the Precentor back with him to Britain, <a href= + "#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a>, + <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">258</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + obtains a letter of privilege for his monastery, <a href="#Pg257" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a>, <a href= + "#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his monastic rule, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Benedictus Crispus, Archbishop of Milan, <a href="#Pg313" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">313</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Benedictine Order of Monks, <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">275</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Beneventum, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Benjamin, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">73</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Beornred" id="Index-Beornred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Beornred, King of Mercia, said to have murdered Ethelbald, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Berct" id="Index-Berct" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Berct, Berctred, Brectrid or Briht, Egfrid's General, lays + Ireland waste, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a>, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">336</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain by the Picts, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Berecingum, or Barking, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Barking" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Barking</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Berkshire, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bernicia, History of, xxvi, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">82</a> n., <a href="#Pg083" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>, + <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">137</a>, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">141</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg190" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bernicia, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eata" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eata</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bernicia, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Eanfrid-Bernicia" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eanfrid</a>, <a href="#Index-Ethelric" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ethelric</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ida" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ida</a>, <a href="#Index-Oswald" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oswald</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Oswy" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Oswy</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bernwin, Wilfrid's nephew, his mission to the Isle of Wight, + <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">252</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bersted, Witenagemot of, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">316</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bertfrid, Osrid's Ealdorman, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bertgils, surnamed Boniface, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Boniface-Bertgils" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Boniface</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bertha, daughter of Charibert, wife of Ethelbert of Kent, + <a href="#Pg046" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">46</a>, <a href="#Pg048" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg095" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Berthun, Ethelwalch's Ealdorman, <a href="#Pg251" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Berthun" id="Index-Berthun" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Berthun, Abbot of Beverley, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href="#Pg302" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a>, <a href="#Pg303" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a>, <a href= + "#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bertwald" id="Index-Bertwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bertwald, Archbishop of Canterbury after Theodore, <a href= + "#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">239</a> n., <a href="#Pg314" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>, <a href="#Pg315" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315</a>, <a href= + "#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n., + <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">344</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his burial place, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">90</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his election and consecration, <a href="#Pg274" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">274</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a>, + <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">323</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Abbot of Reculver, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page401">[pg + 401]</span><a name="Pg401" id="Pg401" class="tei tei-anchor" + style="text-align: left"></a> <a href="#Pg315" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his learning, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">315</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Tobias, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">316</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns from the Continent, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">323</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciled to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg354" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">354</a> n., <a href="#Pg355" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355</a>, <a href="#Pg356" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Synod on the Nidd, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">356</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates Aldwulf, <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">378</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">378</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Berwickshire, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Betendune, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Watton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Watton</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bethlehem, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">338</a>, <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">339</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Betti, a Northumbrian priest, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, + <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Beverley, Inderauuda, or In the Wood of the Deiri, Monastery of, + founded by John and Berthun, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href="#Pg303" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a>, <a href="#Pg307" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Beverley, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Berthun" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Berthun</a>, + <a href="#Index-John-Beverley" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">John</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bewcastle, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Birinus" id="Index-Birinus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester, converts the West Saxons, <a href= + "#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, + <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrated by Asterius, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Dorchester, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his body translated to Winchester, <a href="#Pg148" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href="#Pg149" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Biscop, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Benedict-Biscop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Benedict</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bishop-Burton" id="Index-Bishop-Burton" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bishop Burton, <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">307</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bishops, rules for, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg050" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">50</a>, <a href="#Pg228" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a>, <a href="#Pg229" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their stipends, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg050" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">50</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecration of, <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">53</a>, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">54</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg085" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bishoprics, English, List of in 731 <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, <a href="#Pg379" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + subdivision of, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href="#Pg229" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229</a>, <a href="#Pg231" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a>, <a href= + "#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242-4</a>, + <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">272</a> n., <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bisi" id="Index-Bisi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bisi, Bishop of Dunwich after Boniface, <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a>, <a href="#Pg228" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">230</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Blackwater, the River, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">183</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Blaecca, Reeve of Lincoln, converted, <a href="#Pg122" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bledla, King of the Huns, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">27</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Blessed Mother of God, Church of the, at Lastingham, <a href= + "#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Barking, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">237</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in St. Augustine's, Canterbury, <a href="#Pg357" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Blithryda" id="Index-Blithryda" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Blithryda, or Plectrude, wife of Pippin, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Blood-letting, <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">305</a>, <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">306</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bobbio, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boethius referred to, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">145</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Boisil" id="Index-Boisil" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boisil, Provost of Melrose, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">288</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + teaches Cuthbert, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a>, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">289</a>, <a href="#Pg292" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">289</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appears to one of his disciples in dreams, and forbids Egbert to + go to the Germans, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg318" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">318</a>, <a href="#Pg319" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">319</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boniface IV, Pope, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">93</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his pastoral letters to the English Church, <a href="#Pg093" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boniface V, Pope, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg124" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letters, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a>, <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">100</a>, <a href="#Pg101" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101</a>, <a href="#Pg105" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href= + "#Pg111" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">111</a>, + <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends the pall to Justus, <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">100</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends gifts to Edwin, <a href="#Pg109" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">109</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + to Ethelberg, <a href="#Pg111" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">111</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">105</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boniface, St., editorial references to, <a href="#Pg003" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a> n., <a href="#Pg087" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n., + <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">237</a> n., <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325</a> n., + <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">342</a> n., <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his martyrdom, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Boniface-Bertgils" id="Index-Boniface-Bertgils" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boniface, or Bertgils, Bishop of Dunwich, or of the East Angles, + <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a>, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">206</a> n., <a href="#Pg207" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">230</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boniface, the Archdeacon, Pope's Counsellor at Wilfrid's second + trial, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">349</a>, <a href="#Pg354" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">354</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boniface (probably St. Cuiritin), missionary, converts Naiton to + Roman usages, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">359</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bordeaux, Pilgrim of, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">340</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Borrowdale, <a href="#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">294</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boructuari, The, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a> n., <a href="#Pg317" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converted by Suidbert, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bosa" id="Index-Bosa" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bosa, Bishop of Deira or York, <a href="#Pg243" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a>, <a href="#Pg244" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, <a href= + "#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrated in Wilfrid's place, <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + educated at Whitby under Hilda, <a href="#Pg272" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">272</a>, <a href="#Pg273" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">305</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">356</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bosel" id="Index-Bosel" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bosel, Bishop of Worcester, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg274" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">274</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bosham, or Bosanhamm, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg246" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bothelm, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">137</a>, <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">138</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Boulogne" id="Index-Boulogne" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boulogne, or Gessoriacum, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg072" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bowmont Water, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bowness-on-Solway, <a href="#Pg025" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">25</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Boy, a Saxon, his dying vision of SS. Peter and Paul, <a href= + "#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">248</a>, + <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg250" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">250</a>, <a href="#Pg251" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page402">[pg 402]</span><a name= + "Pg402" id="Pg402" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bradford-on-Avon, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">210</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bredon" id="Index-Bredon" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bredon, or Briudun, monastery of, <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bregusuid, mother of Hilda, <a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">274</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bretwalda, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aelli" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aelli</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Caelin" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Caelin</a>, <a href="#Index-Edwin" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Edwin</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelbert" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Oswald" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oswald</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Oswy" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Oswy</a>, <a href="#Index-Redwald" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Redwald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bridius" id="Index-Bridius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bridius, or Bruide Mac Maelchon, King of the Picts, <a href= + "#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a> n., + <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">142</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Brige" id="Index-Brige" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Brige, In Brige, or Faremoûtier-en-Brie, monastery of, <a href= + "#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>, + <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Brige, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Fara" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Fara</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelberg-Brige" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelberg</a>, <a href="#Index-Saethryth" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Saethryth</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bright, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Early English Church History,”</span> vi; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + references to, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">12</a> n., <a href="#Pg051" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n., + <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">105</a> n., <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a> n., + <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">151</a> n., <a href="#Pg183" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a> n., + <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">214</a> n., <a href="#Pg242" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a> n., + <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">292</a> n., <a href="#Pg326" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">326</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Briht, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Berct" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Berct</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Britain, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Roman occupation of, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg009" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9-23</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + description of, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">6</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + language, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">80</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + freed from Roman rule, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg023" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg026" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>, <a href= + "#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + the Romans return to, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">24</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its corruption during peace, <a href="#Pg028" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">28</a>, <a href="#Pg041" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41</a>, <a href="#Pg042" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + suffers from a plague, <a href="#Pg028" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">28</a>, <a href="#Pg029" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + overrun by the Angles and Saxons, <a href="#Pg029" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg031" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">31</a>, <a href= + "#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + civil wars in, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converted to Christianity, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">80</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Britain, Church of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-British" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">British</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Britain, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Lucius-Britain" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Lucius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Britannicus, son of Claudius, <a href="#Pg011" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-British" id="Index-British" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + British Church, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href="#Pg019" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a>, <a href="#Pg054" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">54</a>, <a href= + "#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>, + <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">86</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its attitude towards the Easter question, <a href="#Pgxxiv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, + <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>, <a href="#Pg376" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">376</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + refuses allegiance to Augustine, <a href="#Pg087" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + approached by Laurentius, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + British Museum, The, <a href="#Pg331" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">331</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Britons" id="Index-Britons" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Britons, or Brythons, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeated by Ethelfrid, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + origin of, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">7</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + language, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Britons of Strathclyde, <a href="#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href="#Pg336" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Britons of Strathclyde, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Theudor" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Theudor</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Brittany, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Briudun, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bredon" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bredon</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Brocmail, Welsh Prince, <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">88</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bromnis, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bructeri, The, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bruide, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bridius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bridius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Bruide-Mac-Bili" id="Index-Bruide-Mac-Bili" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bruide Mac Bili, King of the Picts, <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Brythons, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Britons" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Britons</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Buckinghamshire, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bulgarians, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burford, Battle of, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a> n., <a href="#Pg392" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burgh Castle, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">174</a>, <a href="#Pg177" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Burgh-Castle" id="Index-Burgh-Castle" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burgh Castle, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Fursa" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Fursa</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burghelm, a priest of Wilfrid's, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burgundians, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burgundofarus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Faro" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Faro</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burgundy, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">122</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Burton, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Bishop-Burton" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Bishop</a>, <a href="#Index-North-Burton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">North</a>, <a href= + "#Index-South-Burton" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">South</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Bury, Professor, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Life of St. Patrick,”</span> reference to, + <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">27</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Butler, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Lives of the Saints,”</span> reference to, + <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">388</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cadvan" id="Index-Cadvan" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cadvan, father of Caedwalla the Briton, <a href="#Pg130" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cadwalader, son of Caedwalla the Briton, <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cadwallon, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Caedwalla-Cadwallon" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Caedwalla</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caedmon, the Poet, his life and death, <a href="#Pg277" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">277-281</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Caedwalla-Cadwallon" id="Index-Caedwalla-Cadwallon" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caedwalla, or Cadwallon, King of Gwynedd in Wales, <a href= + "#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, + <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">130</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his revolt against Edwin, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + allied with Penda, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">130</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his cruelty, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">135</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + a Christian, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + besieged by Osric in York, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills Osric, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">135</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills Eanfrid by treachery, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">135</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain by Oswald, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">135</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Caedwalla-Wessex" id="Index-Caedwalla-Wessex" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caedwalla, King of Wessex, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg287" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in exile, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">251</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills Ethelwalch in battle, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">251</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled by Andhun and Berthun, <a href="#Pg251" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills Berthun, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">251</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquers and reunites Wessex, <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg251" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>, <a href= + "#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquers the South Saxons and the Isle of Wight, <a href="#Pg252" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>, <a href= + "#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relations with Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">252</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page404">[pg + 404]</span><a name="Pg404" id="Pg404" class="tei tei-anchor" + style="text-align: left"></a> Arwald's brothers, <a href="#Pg252" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>, <a href= + "#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in concealment at Redbridge, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">253</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + wounded in the Isle of Wight, <a href="#Pg253" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + abdicates, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">345</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his pilgrimage to Rome, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg312" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>, <a href="#Pg313" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">313</a>, <a href= + "#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>, + <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptized under the name of Peter, <a href="#Pg312" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>, <a href="#Pg313" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">313</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dies at Rome, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">312</a>, <a href="#Pg314" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried in St. Peter's, <a href="#Pg313" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">313</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his epitaph, <a href="#Pg313" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">313</a>, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">314</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Caelin" id="Index-Caelin" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caelin, or Ceaulin, King of the West Saxons, second Bretwalda, + <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">241</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caelin, brother of Cedd, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">185</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Caerleon" id="Index-Caerleon" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caerleon-on-Usk, or City of Legions, <a href="#Pg018" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">18</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Caesar" id="Index-Caesar" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caesar, Caius Julius, editorial references to his works, <a href= + "#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a> n., + <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his invasion of Britain, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg010" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">10</a>, <a href="#Pg011" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11</a>, <a href= + "#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, + <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">382</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns to Gaul, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caesarea, library of, <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">369</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Eusebius-Pamphili" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eusebius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caesarean System of Indictions, <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caiaphas, <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">335</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cairbre Riada, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Reuda" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Reuda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Caistor" id="Index-Caistor" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caistor, or Cyneburgacaster, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Cyneburg" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cyneburg</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Calcaria" id="Index-Calcaria" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Calcaria, or Kaelcacaestir, now Tadcaster, <a href="#Pg271" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>, <a href= + "#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">272</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cale, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Chelles" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chelles</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caledonians, the, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">14</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cambridge, <a href="#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xix</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a> n., + <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">261</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cambridgeshire, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">112</a> n., <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Campania, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">214</a>, <a href="#Pg388" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">388</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Campodonum" id="Index-Campodonum" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Campodonum, or Donafeld, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">120</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Canche, the, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Candidus, a presbyter, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">44</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cannes, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Canons of the Western Church, <a href="#Pg228" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Canterbury" id="Index-Canterbury" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Canterbury, or Doruvernis, <a href="#Pg047" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">47</a>, <a href="#Pg048" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg049" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href= + "#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a> n., + <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">254</a>, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">255</a>, <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + churches of, xxii, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">51</a> n., <a href="#Pg072" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + see of, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49</a> n., <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + monastery at, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">72</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + almost destroyed by fire, <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">99</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + school of, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href="#Pg316" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Canterbury, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Anselm" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Anselm</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Augustine" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Augustine</a>, <a href="#Index-Bertwald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bertwald</a>, + <a href="#Index-Cuthbert-Archbishop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbert</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Deusdedit-Archbishop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Deusdedit</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Honorius-Archbishop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Honorius</a>, <a href="#Index-Justus" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Justus</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Lanfranc" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Lanfranc</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Laurentius-Archbishop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Laurentius</a>, <a href="#Index-Mellitus" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Mellitus</a>, + <a href="#Index-Nothelm" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Nothelm</a>, <a href="#Index-Tatwine" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Tatwine</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Theodore-Archbishop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Theodore</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cantuarians, the, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">133</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cantuarii, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cantus Ambrosianus, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">133</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cantus Romanus, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">133</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cantyre, or Kintyre, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a> n., <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">142</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Caracalla, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Antonius-Bassianus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Antonius Bassianus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Carausius, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">14</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Carlegion, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Chester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Carlisle" id="Index-Carlisle" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Carlisle, Luel, or Lugubalia, <a href="#Pg073" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a> n., + <a href="#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">294</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Carlisle, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Appleby" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Appleby</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Carloman" id="Index-Carloman" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Carloman, King of the Franks, son of Charles Martel, <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Carmen + Paschale,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Sedulius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sedulius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Carpophorus, St., <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">99</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Carriden (probably Urbs Iudeu), <a href="#Pg023" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cassobellaunus, chief of the Catuvellauni, <a href="#Pg010" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">10</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Catterick Bridge, Cataract, or Cataractonium, <a href="#Pg120" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>, <a href= + "#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, + <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">164</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Catuvellauni, the, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ceadda" id="Index-Ceadda" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ceadda, or Chad, St., afterwards Bishop of Lichfield and York, + <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg384" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Abbot of Lastingham, <a href="#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxv</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">187</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrated Bishop of York in Wilfrid's place, <a href="#Pg206" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a>, <a href= + "#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a>, + <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconsecrated by Theodore, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">207</a> n., <a href="#Pg217" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + on Wilfrid's return retires to Lastingham, <a href="#Pg218" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made Bishop of Lichfield, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">192</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg219" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + a disciple of Aidan, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">208</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his holy life, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">207</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg222" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">222</a>, <a href="#Pg223" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">223</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds the monastery of Ad Barvae, <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of his death, <a href="#Pgxxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg222" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">222</a>, <a href= + "#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Lichfield, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">224</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his posthumous miracles, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">224</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relics, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">224</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cearl" id="Index-Cearl" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cearl, King of Mercia, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ceaulin, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Caelin" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Caelin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cecilia, St., <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a>, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page405">[pg 405]</span><a name= + "Pg405" id="Pg405" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cedd" id="Index-Cedd" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cedd, afterwards Bishop of Essex, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, + <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">183</a>, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">206</a> n., <a href="#Pg207" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a>, <a href="#Pg208" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mission to Mid-Anglia, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg181" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconverts the East Saxons, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">182</a>, <a href="#Pg183" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + excommunicates a <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“gesith”</span> for his unlawful marriage, + <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">184</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + rebukes King Sigbert and prophecies his death, <a href="#Pg184" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptizes King Suidhelm, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">184</a>, <a href="#Pg185" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + visits Northumbria, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">185</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his self-imposed discipline, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">186</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the monastery of Lastingham, <a href="#Pg185" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>, <a href="#Pg186" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his brothers, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">185</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">186</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his death, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">185</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">186</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">186</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">187</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + trained at Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">186</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + posthumous miracle, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">187</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Whitby, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + forsakes the Celtic Easter, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">201</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his spirit appears at the time of Ceadda's death, <a href= + "#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Celestine, or Celestinus, Pope, sends Palladius to the Irish, + <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">33</a> n., <a href="#Pg382" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>, <a href="#Pg383" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Celtic Churches, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-British" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">British Church</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Irish-Church" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Irish Church</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Celtic Missions, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg139" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Celtic + Scotland,”</span> Skene's, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Skene" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Skene</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Celts, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their observance of Easter, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg087" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Easter-Controversy" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Easter Controversy</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Centwine" id="Index-Centwine" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Centwine, sub-king of Wessex, <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his wife, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ceolfrid" id="Index-Ceolfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ceolfrid, Abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow, <a href="#Pgxxx" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>, <a href="#Pg387" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">387</a>, <a href= + "#Pg389" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">389</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + educates Bede, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + enlarges the library of Wearmouth and Jarrow, <a href="#Pgxxxv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Pope Sergius' letter to, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends builders to Naiton, King of the Picts, <a href="#Pg359" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letter to Naiton (said to be written by Bede), <a href= + "#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">360-374</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ceollach" id="Index-Ceollach" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ceollach, Bishop of Mid-Anglia and Mercia, <a href="#Pg181" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>, <a href= + "#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ceolred" id="Index-Ceolred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ceolred, King of Mercia, son of Ethelred, succeeds Coinred, + <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">346</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his bad character, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">346</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his death, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">346</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his enmity to Ethelbald, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ceolwulf" id="Index-Ceolwulf" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ceolwulf, King of Northumbria, brother of Coenred, succeeds + Osric, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">375</a> n., <a href="#Pg381" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical + History”</span> dedicated to, <a href="#Pgxxii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg001" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">1</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg001" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">1</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + taken prisoner, tonsured, and sent back to his kingdom, <a href= + "#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + leaves the kingdom to Eadbert, <a href="#Pg391" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cerdic" id="Index-Cerdic" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cerdic, British King, <a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">274</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cerot, Island of, <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cerotaesei, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Chertsey" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chertsey</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chad, St., <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ceadda" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ceadda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chalcedon, <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + council of, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">228</a> n., <a href="#Pg254" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chaldeans, the, <a href="#Pg031" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">31</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Charibert" id="Index-Charibert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Charibert, King of Paris, <a href="#Pg046" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">46</a> n., <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Charles" id="Index-Charles" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Charles Martel, King of the Franks, defeats the Saracens, + <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">378</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + supports Boniface's mission, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">392</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Charybdis, <a href="#Pg365" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">365</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chauci, the, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Chelles" id="Index-Chelles" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chelles, or Cale, monastery of, <a href="#Pg152" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a>, <a href="#Pg271" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>, <a href= + "#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chepstow, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Chertsey" id="Index-Chertsey" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chertsey, Cerotaesei, or the Island of Cerot, monastery of, + <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg232" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cherusci, the, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cheshire, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Chester" id="Index-Chester" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chester, Carlegion, City of Legions, or Legacaestir, <a href= + "#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">18</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Battle of, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg088" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">88</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Chester-le-Street" id="Index-Chester-le-Street" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chester-le-Street, or Cunungaceaster, <a href="#Pg295" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">295</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chichester, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">246</a> n., <a href="#Pg247" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">247</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Childebert" id="Index-Childebert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Childebert, King of Austrasia and Burgundy, <a href="#Pg049" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Chilperic" id="Index-Chilperic" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chilperic, King of Neustria, brother of Charibert, <a href= + "#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Chosroes" id="Index-Chosroes" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chosroes II, King of Persia, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">340</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Chrism, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">87</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Christ Church Cathedral, Canterbury, <a href="#Pg072" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Christians, persecuted under Diocletian <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page406">[pg 406]</span><a name="Pg406" id="Pg406" class= + "tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a> and Maximian, + <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">14-19</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + under Nero, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">14</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Christmas" id="Index-Christmas" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Christmas, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">206</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Chronological + Recapitulation of the whole Work,”</span> <a href="#Pg382" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">et seq.</span></span> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Church Furniture, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">65</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Music, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">358</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Church + Historians,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Stevenson" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Stevenson</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Churches of Wood, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">170</a>, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">192</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of stone, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">192</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + covered with lead, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">192</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cilicia, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">214</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + City of Legions, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Caerleon" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Caerleon</a> and + <a href="#Index-Chester" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Chester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Claudius, Emperor, invades Britain and conquers the Orkneys, + <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clement, St., <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">91</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clement, name given to Wilbrord, <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clergy, rules for, <a href="#Pg050" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">50</a>, <a href="#Pg229" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">229</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cliff-at-Hoe" id="Index-Cliff-at-Hoe" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cliff-at-Hoe, Clofeshoch, or Clovesho, <a href="#Pg229" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clonard, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clonard, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Colman-Columbanus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Colman or Columbanus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Clothaire-III" id="Index-Clothaire-III" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clothaire III, King of Neustria, <a href="#Pg206" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a>, <a href="#Pg215" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>, <a href= + "#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clothilde, wife of Clovis I, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">152</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clovesho, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Cliff-at-Hoe" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cliff-at-Hoe</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Clovis-I" id="Index-Clovis-I" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clovis I, King of the Franks, <a href="#Pg152" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Clovis-II" id="Index-Clovis-II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clovis II, King of Neustria, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">152</a> n., <a href="#Pg178" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a>, <a href="#Pg349" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Clyde, or Cluith, the river, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">24</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cnobheresburg, or Cnobhere's Town, <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Burgh-Castle" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Burgh Castle</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Coenred-Coinred" id="Index-Coenred-Coinred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coenred, or Coinred, King of Mercia after Ethelred, son of + Wulfhere, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg332" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">332</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his thegn's visions, <a href="#Pg332" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">332</a>, <a href="#Pg333" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">333</a>, <a href="#Pg334" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives up his throne and goes to Rome, <a href="#Pg345" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg346" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a>, <a href= + "#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + becomes a monk, <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciled to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">356</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Coenred-Northumbria" id="Index-Coenred-Northumbria" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coenred, King of Northumbria, <a href="#Pg375" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">375</a>, <a href="#Pg377" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>, <a href= + "#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">378</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coenwald, Theodore's representative at Wilfrid's trial, <a href= + "#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coifi, a pagan priest converted to Christianity, <a href="#Pg116" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116</a>, <a href= + "#Pg117" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">117</a>, + <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">118</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Coinwalch" id="Index-Coinwalch" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coinwalch, King of Wessex, son of Cynegils, <a href="#Pgxxvi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>, + <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">350</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in exile in East Anglia, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">149</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + puts away his wife, Penda's sister, and marries another, <a href= + "#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + restored to his kingdom, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">149</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relations with Agilbert, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">149</a>, <a href="#Pg150" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Coldingham-Coludi" id="Index-Coldingham-Coludi" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coldingham, or Coludi, monastery of, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg260" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a>, <a href= + "#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">266</a> n., + <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">281</a>, <a href="#Pg283" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">283</a>, <a href="#Pg284" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">284</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coldingham, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aebba" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aebba</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coldstream, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Colman" id="Index-Colman" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Colman, Bishop of Northumbria, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a>, + <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">201</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Whitby Synod, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg198" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198</a>, <a href="#Pg200" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns to Ireland, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">201</a>, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">204</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg225" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225</a>, <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + takes some of Aidan's bones with him, <a href="#Pg202" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his frugality and plain living, <a href="#Pg202" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202</a>, <a href="#Pg203" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Iona, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Innisboffin, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Mayo, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">226</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Colman-Columbanus" id="Index-Colman-Columbanus" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Colman, or Columbanus, Irish bishop, <a href="#Pg128" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href="#Pg129" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cologne, <a href="#Pg322" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">322</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Coludi, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Coldingham-Coludi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Coldingham</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Columba-Columcille" id="Index-Columba-Columcille" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Columba, or Columcille, St., Bishop of Iona, <a href="#Pg151" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg372" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mission to the Picts, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg140" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a>, <a href= + "#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a>, + <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">142</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a> n., <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts King Bridius, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">142</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his name, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a> n., <a href="#Pg318" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the monastery of Iona, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg142" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a>, <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds the monastery of Dearmach, <a href="#Pg142" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his rule and jurisdiction, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">142</a>, <a href="#Pg143" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + records of him, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">143</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + miracles, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">199</a>, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">200</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">142</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Iona, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">142</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Columba, St., + Life of,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Adamnan-Iona" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Adamnan</a> and <a href="#Index-Reeves" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Reeves</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Columban Monasteries, Egbert's mission to, <a href="#Pg318" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>, <a href= + "#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">319</a>, + <a href="#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">375</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Columbanus, Irish missionary to the continent, <a href="#Pg092" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Columbanus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Colman-Columbanus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Colman</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Columcille, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Columba-Columcille" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Columba</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page407">[pg 407]</span><a name= + "Pg407" id="Pg407" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Comb sent by Boniface to Ethelberg, <a href="#Pg111" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">111</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Comets, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href="#Pg378" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">378</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>, <a href= + "#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Communion" id="Index-Communion" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Communion, Holy, <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">53</a>, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">54</a>, <a href="#Pg055" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg056" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">56</a>, <a href= + "#Pg058" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">58</a>, + <a href="#Pg060" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">60</a>, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">61</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg065" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href= + "#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, + <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">101</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg275" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">275</a>, <a href="#Pg280" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">280</a>, <a href= + "#Pg363" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">363</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Compiegne" id="Index-Compiegne" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Compiègne, Royal Villa, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">206</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Conall" id="Index-Conall" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Conall, King of the Dalriadic Scots, <a href="#Pg142" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Confirmation, the rite of, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">87</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Connor, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dima" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dima</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Conquest, the Norman, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Conrad, Prior of Canterbury, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">72</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Constans-II" id="Index-Constans-II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constans II, or Constantine IV, Emperor, <a href="#Pg256" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constans, son of Constantine, Tyrant of Britain, <a href="#Pg022" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantine I, Pope, <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">345</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantine the Great, Emperor, <a href="#Pg019" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a>, <a href="#Pg210" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + establishes Christianity, <a href="#Pg070" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">70</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + completes the Basilica of the Anastasis, and builds the Church of + the Martyrium, Jerusalem, <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">339</a>, <a href="#Pg340" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantine III, Emperor, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">127</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantine IV, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Constans-II" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Constans II</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantine, Tyrant in Britain, <a href="#Pg022" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Constantinople" id="Index-Constantinople" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantinople, <a href="#Pgxxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg027" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg077" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">77</a>, <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a> n., + <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">338</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Church at, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">254</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + councils of, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">254</a>, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">255</a>, <a href="#Pg256" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>, <a href="#Pg258" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258</a>, <a href= + "#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantinople, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eudoxius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eudoxius</a>, + <a href="#Index-Macedonius" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Macedonius</a>, <a href="#Index-Nestorius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Nestorius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantinopolitan System of Indictions, the, <a href="#Pg227" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantius, father of Constantine the Great, <a href="#Pg019" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantius, Count, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantius Chlorus, Emperor, <a href="#Pg014" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Constantius-Lyons" id="Index-Constantius-Lyons" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Constantius of Lyons, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Life of Germanus,”</span> <a href="#Pgxxii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + editorial references to, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">33</a> n., <a href="#Pg036" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">36</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg038" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">38</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Continuation of Bede, the, <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">390</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">et + seq.</span></span> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Conwulf" id="Index-Conwulf" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Conwulf, Bishop of Lindisfarne, after Ethelwald, <a href="#Pg391" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Corinth, <a href="#Pg197" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">197</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Corinthians, Epistle to the, quoted, <a href="#Pg103" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg111" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">111</a>, <a href= + "#Pg363" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">363</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Corman, his unsuccessful mission to the Northumbrians, <a href= + "#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cornish Britons, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a> n., <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">336</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cornwall, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a> n., <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Corrib, Lough, monastery on, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">174</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Cotton + MSS.,”</span> <a href="#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xix</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Councils" id="Index-Councils" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Councils, <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">116</a>, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href="#Pg255" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Constantinople" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Constantinople</a>, <a href="#Index-Rome" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Rome</a>, and + <a href="#Index-Synods" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Synods</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cousins, marriage of, <a href="#Pg052" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">52</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cricklade, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Crimea, the, <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">256</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Croes Oswallt, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Oswalds-Tree" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Oswestry</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cromanus" id="Index-Cromanus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cromanus, or Cronan, Bishop of Nendrum, <a href="#Pg129" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cross, The, in procession, <a href="#Pg046" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">46</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sign of the, <a href="#Pg304" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">304</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Invention of the Holy, by Helena, <a href="#Pg339" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">339</a>, <a href="#Pg340" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cross, erected by Oswald, at Hefenfelth, <a href="#Pg136" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a>, <a href="#Pg137" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a>, <a href= + "#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">138</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cross at Maserfelth, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">154</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cudwald, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Cuthbald-Cudwald" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuichelm-Wessex" id="Index-Cuichelm-Wessex" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuichelm, King of Wessex, son of Cynegils, <a href="#Pg103" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href= + "#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>, + <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">149</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuichelm-Rochester" id="Index-Cuichelm-Rochester" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuichelm, Bishop of Rochester after Putta, <a href="#Pg241" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>, <a href= + "#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuiritin, Irish saint, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Culdees, + The,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Reeves" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Reeves</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cunningham, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cunungaceaster, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Chester-le-Street" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Chester-le-Street</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuthbald-Medeshamstead" id= + "Index-Cuthbald-Medeshamstead" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthbald, Abbot of Medeshamstead, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuthbald-Cudwald" id="Index-Cuthbald-Cudwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthbald, or Cudwald, Abbot of Oundle, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuthbert-Lindisfarne" id= + "Index-Cuthbert-Lindisfarne" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthbert, St., Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pgxxii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg004" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a>, <a href="#Pg161" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168</a> n., + <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">192</a> n., <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg331" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">331</a> n., + <a href="#Pg389" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">389</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + history of, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288-295</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Farne, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Melrose, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a>, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">289</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + succeeds Boisil as Provost, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">289</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Ripon, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">194</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his consecration, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a>, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">288</a>, <a href="#Pg292" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292</a>, <a href="#Pg293" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">293</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bishop of Hexham, <a href="#Pg293" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">293</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg293" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">293</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his friendship for Elfled, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">189</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + foretells Egfrid's defeat by the Picts, and death, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page408">[pg 408]</span><a name="Pg408" id= + "Pg408" class="tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a> + <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a> n., <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a>, <a href="#Pg286" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his vision, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his spiritual powers, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">289</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his missionary journeys, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">289</a>, <a href="#Pg290" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">290</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his hermitage on Farne Island, <a href="#Pg291" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">291</a>, <a href="#Pg292" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292</a>, <a href= + "#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">294</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + attends the Synod at Twyford, <a href="#Pg292" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his piety, <a href="#Pg293" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">293</a>, <a href="#Pg297" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">297</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Carlisle, <a href="#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">294</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + foretells his own death to Herebert, <a href="#Pg294" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">294</a>, <a href="#Pg295" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">295</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">295</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">295</a>, <a href="#Pg302" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his body preserved from corruption, <a href="#Pg295" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">295</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg296" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">296</a>, + <a href="#Pg297" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">297</a>, <a href="#Pg300" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">300</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + removal of his relics, <a href="#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">295</a> n., <a href="#Pg302" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + miracles, <a href="#Pg291" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">291</a>, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">292</a>, <a href="#Pg297" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">297</a>, <a href="#Pg298" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">298</a>, <a href= + "#Pg299" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">299</a>, + <a href="#Pg300" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">300</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Anonymous Life of, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">285</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede's Life of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bede" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bede</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuthbert-Archbishop" id="Index-Cuthbert-Archbishop" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthbert, Archbishop of Canterbury after Nothelm, <a href= + "#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a> n., + <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuthbert-Wearmouth" id="Index-Cuthbert-Wearmouth" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthbert, Abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow, pupil of Bede, <a href= + "#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xl</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letter to Cuthwin describing Bede's death, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xl-xliii</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cuthred" id="Index-Cuthred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthred, King of Wessex, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">391</a>, <a href="#Pg392" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthwin, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xl</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">et + seq.</span></span> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cuthwine, father of Coenred, King of Northumbria, <a href= + "#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">375</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cycles" id="Index-Cycles" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cycles, Paschal, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg368" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">368</a>, <a href="#Pg369" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a>, <a href= + "#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>, + <a href="#Pg374" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">374</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cyneburg" id="Index-Cyneburg" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cyneburg, St., daughter of Penda, wife of Alchfrid, Abbess of + Caistor, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cyneburga, daughter of Cynegils, wife of Oswald, <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cyneburgacaster, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Caistor" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Caistor</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cynegils" id="Index-Cynegils" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cynegils, King of Wessex, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptized with all his people, <a href="#Pg148" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his daughter married to Oswald, <a href="#Pg148" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + divides the West Saxon diocese, <a href="#Pg150" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">149</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cynibert-Lindsey" id="Index-Cynibert-Lindsey" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cynibert, Bishop of Lindsey or Sidnacester, <a href="#Pg004" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a>, <a href= + "#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a>, + <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">390</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cynibert-Redbridge" id="Index-Cynibert-Redbridge" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cynibert, Abbot of Redbridge, <a href="#Pg253" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cynibill, brother of Cedd, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">186</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cynifrid, surgeon to Ethelthryth, <a href="#Pg262" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cynimund, a priest, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">167</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cyniwulf" id="Index-Cyniwulf" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cyniwulf, King of Wessex, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cynwise, wife of Penda, <a href="#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">188</a>, <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Cyril" id="Index-Cyril" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cyril, Archbishop of Alexandria, <a href="#Pg255" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>, + <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">369</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Cyrus, in Syria, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Theodoret" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Theodoret</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dacre, or Dacore, The Monastery of, <a href="#Pg299" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">299</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + a monk of, miraculously cured of a tumour, <a href="#Pg299" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">299</a>, <a href= + "#Pg300" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">300</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dacre, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Suidbert-Abbot" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Suidbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Thruidred" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Thruidred</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dacre, The River, <a href="#Pg299" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">299</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dagan" id="Index-Dagan" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dagan, Bishop of Inverdaeile, or Ennereilly, <a href="#Pg092" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dagobert-I" id="Index-Dagobert-I" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dagobert I, King of the Franks, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dagobert-II" id="Index-Dagobert-II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dagobert II, King of Austrasia, <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dal, Signification of, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">8</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dalfinus, Archbishop of Lyons, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Annemundus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Annemundus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dalfinus-Count" id="Index-Dalfinus-Count" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dalfinus, Count of Lyons, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">194</a> n., <a href="#Pg348" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dalriada, the Dalreudini or Dalriadic Scots, history, <a href= + "#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, + <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg142" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dalriadic Scots, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Conall" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Conall</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dalston, near Carlisle, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">73</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Damascus, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">338</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Damian" id="Index-Damian" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Damian, or Damianus, Bishop of Rochester after Ithamar, <a href= + "#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>, + <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">245</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">206</a> n., <a href="#Pg218" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Danes, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">317</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their invasions of England, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href="#Pg161" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n., + <a href="#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">295</a> n., <a href="#Pg303" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Daniel" id="Index-Daniel" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Daniel, Bishop of Winchester, <a href="#Pgxxx" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg003" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href= + "#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a> n., + <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">253</a>, <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">344</a>, <a href="#Pg345" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg379" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a>, <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Danube, The River, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Darling, Grace, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">168</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + David, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">61</a>, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">338</a>, <a href="#Pg341" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">341</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dawstane Rig, Liddesdale, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">73</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page409">[pg 409]</span><a name= + "Pg409" id="Pg409" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dearmach" id="Index-Dearmach" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dearmach, Durrow, or Field of Oaks, Monastery of, <a href= + "#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Decius, Emperor, <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a>, <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">388</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Deda" id="Index-Deda" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deda, Abbot of Partney, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">123</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Degsastan, or Degsa Stone, Battle of, <a href="#Pg073" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg074" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De + Ingratis,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Prosper" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Prosper</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deira, History of, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">82</a> n., <a href="#Pg083" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>, + <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg270" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Gregory's pun on the name, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">82</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deira, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Aelli-Deira" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aelli</a>, <a href="#Index-Ethelfrid" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ethelfrid</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelric" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelric</a>, <a href="#Index-Oidilwald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oidilwald</a>, + <a href="#Index-Osric-Deira" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Osric</a>, <a href="#Index-Oswin-Deira" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oswin</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Yffi-Deira" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Yffi</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deira, Sub-king of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aelfwine" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aelfwine</a>, + <a href="#Index-Egfrid" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Egfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deira, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bosa" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bosa</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De Locis + Sanctis,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Adamnan-Iona" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Adamnan</a> and <a href="#Index-Bede" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bede</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De Mensura + Orbis Terrae,”</span> the author of, <a href="#Pg246" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Denisesburna, or The Brook of Denis, Battle of, <a href="#Pg135" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>, <a href= + "#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deogratias, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Derbyshire, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Derwent, the River (Cumberland), <a href="#Pg294" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">294</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Derwent, the River (Durham), <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Derwent, the River (Yorkshire), <a href="#Pg104" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>, <a href="#Pg118" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href= + "#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Derwentwater, <a href="#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">294</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deusdedit, Pope, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a>, <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">100</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Deusdedit-Archbishop" id= + "Index-Deusdedit-Archbishop" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deusdedit, or Frithonas, Archbishop of Canterbury, after + Honorius, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">178</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>, <a href="#Pg208" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a>, <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a>, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">206</a> n., <a href="#Pg207" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a>, <a href="#Pg213" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href= + "#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deusdedit, The name of, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Deuteronomy, quoted, <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg279" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">279</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Devils, <a href="#Pg328" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">328</a>, <a href="#Pg332" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">332</a>, <a href="#Pg333" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">333</a>, <a href="#Pg334" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334</a>, <a href= + "#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">335</a>, + <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">336</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Devil's Water, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">135</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Devon and Cornwall, Kingdom of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dumnonia" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dumnonia</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Diarmaid, Irish King, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Dictionary of + Christian Antiquities,”</span> referred to, vi, <a href="#Pg227" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Dictionary of + Christian Biography,”</span> referred to, <a href="#Pgvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">vi</a>, <a href="#Pg019" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a> n., + <a href="#Pg387" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">387</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dicul, an Irish monk of Bosham, <a href="#Pg246" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dicull, one of Fursa's priests, <a href="#Pg177" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dima" id="Index-Dima" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dima, Bishop of Connor, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">129</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dinnaus, probably Dima, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">128</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dinoot" id="Index-Dinoot" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dinoot, Donatus, Dunawd or Dunod, Abbot of Bangor, <a href= + "#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Diocletian, Emperor, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg014" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a>, <a href="#Pg019" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a>, <a href= + "#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dionysius Exiguus, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">228</a> n., <a href="#Pg369" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Discipline, Augustine's Questions and Gregory's Answers on, + <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49-64</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Diuma" id="Index-Diuma" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Diuma, Bishop of Lindsey, Mercia, and Mid-Anglia, <a href= + "#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg181" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>, <a href="#Pg190" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + accompanies Peada into Mid-Anglia, <a href="#Pg180" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg181" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a>, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">191</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Divorce, <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">230</a>, <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">238</a>, <a href="#Pg239" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">239</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dolphins in Britain, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Domesday-Book, <a href="#Pg268" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">268</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dommoc, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dunwich" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dunwich</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Don, The River, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Donafeld, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Campodonum" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Campodonum</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Donatus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dinoot" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dinoot</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Doncaster (perhaps Campodonum), <a href="#Pg120" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dooms, of Edric, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Ethelbert, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">95</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Hlothere, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Ini, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a> n., <a href="#Pg251" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dorchester (Oxfordshire), See at, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href= + "#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">272</a> n., + <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">273</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dorchester, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aetla" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aetla</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Agilbert" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Agilbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Birinus" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Birinus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dorsetshire, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dorubrevis, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Rochester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Rochester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Doruvernis, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Canterbury" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Canterbury</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Double Procession of the Holy Spirit, Doctrine of, <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Doulting, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dreams, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Visions" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Visions</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Driffield, or Field of Deira, <a href="#Pg342" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Drought, An excessive, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Drythelm, a Northumbrian, his visions of Death, Hell and + Judgement, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">325-331</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + retires into the monastery of Melrose, <a href="#Pg326" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">326</a>, <a href="#Pg331" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">331</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg332" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">332</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ducange, editorial references to, <a href="#Pg077" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">77</a>, <a href="#Pg090" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href= + "#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a> n., + <a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">266</a> n., <a href="#Pg305" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page410">[pg 410]</span><a name= + "Pg410" id="Pg410" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dudden" id="Index-Dudden" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dudden, F. Homes, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Gregory the Great,”</span> editorial + references to, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a> n., <a href="#Pg081" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dugdale" id="Index-Dugdale" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dugdale's <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Monasticon,”</span> editorial references to, + <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">18</a> n., <a href="#Pg275" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">275</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dumbarton" id="Index-Dumbarton" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dumbarton, Alcluith, or Dúnbrettan, <a href="#Pg009" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg024" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a>, <a href= + "#Pg025" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dumnonia" id="Index-Dumnonia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dumnonia, <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">344</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dumnonia, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Geraint-King" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Geraint</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunawd, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dinoot" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dinoot</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunbar, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dúnbrettan, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dumbarton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dumbarton</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunchad, Abbot of Iona, <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">376</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunnechtan, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Nechtansmere" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Nechtansmere</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunnichen, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunod, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dinoot" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dinoot</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Dunwich" id="Index-Dunwich" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunwich, or Dommoc, Diocese of, <a href="#Pg122" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dunwich, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aecci" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aecci</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Aldbert" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aldbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Bisi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bisi</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Boniface-Bertgils" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Boniface</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Durham, <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xl</a>, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">161</a> n., <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg204" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a> n., + <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">302</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Cathedral, <a href="#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">295</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Durham, Reginald of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Reginald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Reginald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Durrow, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dearmach" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dearmach</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Dysentery, <a href="#Pg393" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eabae, daughter of Eanfrid, wife of Ethelwalch, baptized, + <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">246</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadbald" id="Index-Eadbald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadbald, King of Kent, son of Ethelbert, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, + <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">99</a>, <a href="#Pg127" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>, <a href="#Pg348" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his wickedness, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">95</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + marries his stepmother, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg097" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives her up, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">97</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converted by Laurentius, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href="#Pg098" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98</a>, <a href="#Pg101" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101</a>, <a href= + "#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a> n., + <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">107</a>, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">110</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + recalls Mellitus and Justus, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">98</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds the Church of the Mother of God, <a href="#Pg098" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letters to Pope Boniface, <a href="#Pg101" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives his sister in marriage to Edwin, <a href="#Pg102" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg103" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + welcomes Paulinus back to Kent, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">151</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadbert-Kent" id="Index-Eadbert-Kent" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadbert, King of Kent, son of Wictred, <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadbert-Northumbria" id="Index-Eadbert-Northumbria" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadbert, King of Northumbria after Ceolwulf, <a href="#Pg391" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>, <a href= + "#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a>, + <a href="#Pg393" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadbert-Lindisfarne" id="Index-Eadbert-Lindisfarne" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>, <a href="#Pg296" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">296</a>, <a href= + "#Pg297" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">297</a>, + <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + illness and death, <a href="#Pg297" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">297</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried with Cuthbert at Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg297" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">297</a>, <a href="#Pg302" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + posthumous miracles, <a href="#Pg297" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">297</a>, <a href="#Pg298" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">298</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadbert-Selsey" id="Index-Eadbert-Selsey" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadbert, Abbot of Selsey, afterwards Bishop of Selsey, <a href= + "#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadbert, (unknown), slain, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadbert, Mercian Chief, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">191</a>, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadfrid-Lindisfarne" id="Index-Eadfrid-Lindisfarne" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadfrid, Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg331" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">331</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadfrid, son of Edwin, baptized, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + killed by Penda, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadgyth, a nun of Barking, <a href="#Pg234" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">234</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadhaed" id="Index-Eadhaed" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadhaed, Bishop of Lindsey, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">207</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + translated to Ripon, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eadwulf" id="Index-Eadwulf" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eadwulf, usurps the throne of Northumbria, <a href="#Pg342" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + besieges Bamborough, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">385</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eafa, Mercian Chief, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a>, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">192</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eanfled" id="Index-Eanfled" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eanfled, daughter of Edwin, wife of Oswy, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg165" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>, + <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a> n., <a href="#Pg191" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her birth, <a href="#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">104</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptism, <a href="#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">104</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + taken by her mother and Paulinus into Kent, <a href="#Pgxxv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, + <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">167</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + observes the Catholic Easter, <a href="#Pg193" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives a cross from Pope Vitalian, <a href="#Pg211" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + befriends Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">347</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + joint Abbess of Whitby with her daughter Elfled, <a href="#Pg189" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, + <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">306</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Whitby, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her relatives, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">348</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eanfrid-Bernicia" id="Index-Eanfrid-Bernicia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eanfrid, King of Bernicia, son of Ethelfrid, <a href="#Pg134" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eanfrid-Hwiccas" id="Index-Eanfrid-Hwiccas" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eanfrid, King of the Hwiccas, <a href="#Pg246" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eanred, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eappa" id="Index-Eappa" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eappa, a priest of Wilfrid's, afterwards Abbot of Selsey, + <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg250" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">250</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Earconbert" id="Index-Earconbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Earconbert, King of Kent, son of Eadbald, <a href="#Pgxxvi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>, + <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">261</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + suppresses idolatry, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">151</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Wilfrid and Benedict Biscop to Rome, <a href="#Pg348" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Earcongota, daughter of Earconbert and granddaughter of Anna, + <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">149</a> n., <a href="#Pg151" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>, <a href="#Pg152" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a>, <a href= + "#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Earconwald" id="Index-Earconwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Earconwald, St., Bishop of London, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a>, + <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">239</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Earpwald" id="Index-Earpwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Earpwald, King of East Anglia, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page411">[pg 411]</span><a name="Pg411" id="Pg411" class= + "tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a> son of Redwald, + <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">171</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converted by Edwin, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">120</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain by Ricbert, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + East Angles, The, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + East Anglia, History of, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg112" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, + <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">271</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + establishment of Christianity in, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg121" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href= + "#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg231" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a>, <a href="#Pg379" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + East Anglia, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Aldwulf-King" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aldwulf</a>, <a href="#Index-Anna" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Anna</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Earpwald" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Earpwald</a>, <a href="#Index-Ecgric" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ecgric</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelhere" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelhere</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelwald-Anglia" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelwald</a>, <a href="#Index-Redwald" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Redwald</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Sigbert-Anglia" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Sigbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Tytilus" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Tytilus</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Uuffa" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Uuffa</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + East Anglia, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bisi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bisi</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Boniface-Bertgils" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Boniface</a>, <a href="#Index-Thomas-Anglia" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Thomas</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Easter-Controversy" id="Index-Easter-Controversy" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Easter Controversy, The, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href= + "#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, + <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg128" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href= + "#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a>, + <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">138</a>, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">139</a>, <a href="#Pg143" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143</a>, <a href="#Pg170" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170</a>, <a href= + "#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a>, + <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">192-201</a>, <a href="#Pg210" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a>, <a href="#Pg216" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>, <a href= + "#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a>, + <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">337</a>, <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>, <a href="#Pg350" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a>, <a href= + "#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">359-370</a>, <a href="#Pg374" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">374-376</a>, <a href= + "#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>, + <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Easter kept twice in one year, <a href="#Pg193" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eastern Church, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Greek" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Greek</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + East Lothian, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + East Saxons, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg191" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-London" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">London</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + province of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Essex" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Essex</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eata" id="Index-Eata" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eata, Abbot of Melrose, afterwards Bishop of Hexham, <a href= + "#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a> n., + <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a>, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href="#Pg288" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a>, <a href="#Pg290" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">290</a>, <a href= + "#Pg318" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>, + <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordained at York in Wilfrid's place, <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg202" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">202</a>, <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">302</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eata Glinmaur, father of Eadbert of Northumbria, <a href="#Pg391" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ebbsfleet, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ebchester, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ebroin" id="Index-Ebroin" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ebroin, Mayor of the Palace to Clothaire III, <a href="#Pg192" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + plots against Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">192</a> n., <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + detains Hadrian and Theodore, <a href="#Pg215" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>, <a href="#Pg216" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + murdered, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastes,”</span> quoted, <a href= + "#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ecclesiastical Arithmetic, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">217</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ecclesiastical-History" id= + "Index-Ecclesiastical-History" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical + History,”</span> Bede's, MSS. of, <a href="#Pgxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xix</a>, <a href="#Pg277" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">277</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sources of, <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxi</a>, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg005" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + editions of, <a href="#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xix</a>, <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xx</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + translations of, <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xx</a>, <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxi</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg321" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + date of, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">379</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede's own account of, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">passim</span></span>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ecgric" id="Index-Ecgric" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ecgric, King of East Anglia, after Sigbert, <a href="#Pg172" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eclanum, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Julianus" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Julianus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eclipses of the Moon, <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">390</a>, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">392</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of the Sun, <a href="#Pg203" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">203</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, <a href="#Pg384" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>, <a href= + "#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390</a>, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eddi" id="Index-Eddi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eddi, or Eddius, surnamed Stephen, editorial references to, his + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life of + Wilfrid,”</span> <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a> n., <a href="#Pg217" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a> n., + <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href="#Pg252" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a> n., + <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">346</a> n., <a href="#Pg347" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a> n., + <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">349</a> n., <a href="#Pg350" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n., + <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + teaches the Northumbrians to sing in church, <a href="#Pg217" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edessa, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ibas" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ibas</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Edgar" id="Index-Edgar" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edgar, Bishop of Lindsey, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">243</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Edilhart" id="Index-Edilhart" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edilhart, King of Wessex, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edinburgh (perhaps Urbs Iudeu), <a href="#Pg023" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edric, King of Kent, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Edwin" id="Index-Edwin" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edwin, King of Deira, afterwards of Northumbria, 5th Bretwalda, + <a href="#Pg109" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">109</a>, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">127</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg164" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href= + "#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., + <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">348</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his early history, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg130" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + marries Ethelberg of Kent, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg103" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquers the Mevanian Islands, <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg102" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his dominion, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">102</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his vision, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg113" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">113</a>, <a href="#Pg114" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">114</a>, <a href="#Pg115" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his conversion and baptism, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg105" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href= + "#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">110</a>, + <a href="#Pg111" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">111</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg116" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116</a>, <a href="#Pg118" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href= + "#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, + <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">271</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + allows his daughter to be baptized, <a href="#Pg104" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>, <a href="#Pg384" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his children, <a href="#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">104</a>, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">119</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives letters from Pope Honorius, <a href="#Pg124" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>, <a href="#Pg125" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts Earpwald, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">120</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Eumer's attack on his life, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg104" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his war against the West Saxons, <a href="#Pg104" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>, <a href="#Pg105" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds St. Peter's, York, <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>, <a href="#Pg131" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + bestows the see of York upon Paulinus, <a href="#Pg118" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + marries Quenburga, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">119</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his glorious reign, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">124</a>, <a href="#Pg130" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Caedwalla rebels against him, <a href="#Pg130" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeated and killed at the battle of Hatfield, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page412">[pg 412]</span><a name="Pg412" id= + "Pg412" class="tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a> + <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">119</a>, <a href="#Pg130" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg131" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href= + "#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a>, + <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">135</a> n., <a href="#Pg154" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a>, <a href="#Pg167" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>, <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Whitby, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a> n., <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his head laid in St. Gregory's Chapel in St. Peter's, York, + <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">190</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his Cross and Chalice preserved at Canterbury, <a href="#Pg132" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edwin's Cliff, <a href="#Pg393" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">393</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Edwinspath, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Ouestraefelda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ouestraefelda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Egbert-York" id="Index-Egbert-York" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Egbert, Bishop of York after Wilfrid II, afterwards Archbishop, + pupil of Bede, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a> n., + <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">390</a>, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founder of the School of York, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede's <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Epistola + ad Ecgbertum”</span> addressed to, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede visits, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxix</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg393" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Egbert, English monk in Ireland, probably bishop, <a href= + "#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">143</a>, <a href="#Pg203" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203</a>, <a href="#Pg205" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205</a>, <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">143</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + seized with the plague, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">204</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his vow and recovery, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">205</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his attempted mission to Frisland, <a href="#Pg161" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dissuaded by a revelation, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg318" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Wilbrord instead, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">320</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + saved from shipwreck, <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">319</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his good example, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">205</a>, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">206</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his account of Ceadda's death, <a href="#Pg223" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">223</a>, <a href="#Pg224" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + advises Egfrid against the war with the Scots, <a href="#Pg286" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mission to the Columban monasteries, <a href="#Pg318" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>, <a href="#Pg319" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">319</a>, <a href= + "#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">375</a>, + <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">376</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, on Easter Day, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">205</a>, <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">376</a>, <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>, <a href="#Pg378" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">378</a>, <a href= + "#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Egbert-King" id="Index-Egbert-King" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Egbert, King of Kent, after Earconbert, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, + <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a>, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consults with Oswy on Church matters, <a href="#Pg208" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Wighard to Rome, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">208</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Raedfrid to meet Theodore, <a href="#Pg215" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">226</a>, <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">230</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Egfrid" id="Index-Egfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Egfrid, King of Northumbria, son of Oswy, <a href="#Pgxxviii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">137</a> n., <a href="#Pg207" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a>, <a href="#Pg227" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a>, <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a>, + <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a>, <a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">266</a> n., <a href="#Pg302" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a>, <a href="#Pg352" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + hostage with Queen Cynwise, <a href="#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">188</a>, <a href="#Pg189" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a>, <a href="#Pg227" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeats Wulfhere and annexes Lindsey, <a href="#Pg191" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a>, + <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his conquests, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">226</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeated by Ethelred at the battle of the Trent, <a href="#Pg267" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciled to Ethelred by Theodore, <a href="#Pg267" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives Benedict Biscop land for the monasteries of Wearmouth and + Jarrow, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg258" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his dispute with Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + marries Ethelthryth, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">259</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relations with her, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">259</a>, <a href="#Pg260" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appoints Cuthbert Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg288" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a>, <a href="#Pg293" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">293</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Synod of Twyford, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">292</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Synod of Hertford, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his death foretold by Cuthbert, <a href="#Pg189" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends an army to ravage Ireland, <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his expedition against the Picts and Scots, <a href="#Pg244" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a>, + <a href="#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">286</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeated and killed at the battle of Nechtansmere, <a href= + "#Pg247" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">247</a>, + <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a>, <a href="#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href="#Pg288" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a>, <a href="#Pg342" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a> n., + <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Iona, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Egwin" id="Index-Egwin" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Egwin, St., Bishop of Worcester, <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Egypt, <a href="#Pg067" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">67</a>, <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">361</a>, <a href="#Pg362" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">362</a>, <a href="#Pg363" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">363</a>, <a href= + "#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">368</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + churches of, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Egyptians, their skill in calculation, <a href="#Pg366" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">366</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elafius, British Chief, his son cured of his lameness by + Germanus, <a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">39</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">40</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elbe, The river, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eleutherus, or Eleuther, Pope, <a href="#Pg012" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg382" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Elfled" id="Index-Elfled" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elfled, daughter of Oswy, dedicated to religion by her father, + <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg188" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a>, <a href="#Pg189" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + trained at Whitby, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + enters the Monastery of Hartlepool, <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + joint Abbess of Whitby with her mother, Eanfled, <a href="#Pg189" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, + <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a> n., <a href="#Pg286" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href="#Pg306" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her friendship with Trumwine, <a href="#Pg286" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href="#Pg287" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Whitby, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elford-on-Trent, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">267</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elfred the priest, carries Bede's bones to Durham, <a href= + "#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xl</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page413">[pg 413]</span><a name= + "Pg413" id="Pg413" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elge, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ely" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ely</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elizabeth, Queen, <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“The Ecclesiastical History,”</span> + translated for her benefit, <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxi</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ellmyn, Celtic name for the English, <a href="#Pg317" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elmet Wood, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Elmham, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Badwin" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Badwin</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Hadulac" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Hadulac</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ely" id="Index-Ely" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ely, Isle of, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href="#Pg261" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a>, <a href="#Pg263" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Monastery of, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a>, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">261</a>, <a href="#Pg262" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + St. Audrey's Fair at, <a href="#Pg263" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">263</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ely, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ermingild" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ermingild</a>, + <a href="#Index-Ethelthryth-St" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelthryth</a>, <a href="#Index-Sexburg-Anna" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sexburg</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Emme" id="Index-Emme" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Emme, Emmo, or Haymo, Bishop of Sens, <a href="#Pg215" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ems, The, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + End of the World, <a href="#Pg071" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">71</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + English, The, come to Britain, <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + idolatry among, <a href="#Pg067" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">67</a>, <a href="#Pg070" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">70</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + called Garmans, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Saxons, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Ellmyn, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Church, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">53</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">65</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + language, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + religious poetry, <a href="#Pg277" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">277</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“English + Historical Review, The,”</span> editorial reference to, <a href= + "#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eni, father of Anna, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">172</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ennereilly, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Inver-Daeile" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Inver Daeile</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eolla" id="Index-Eolla" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eolla, Bishop of Selsey, <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">345</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eormenburg, second wife of Egfrid, <a href="#Pg242" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + warned by Cuthbert of Egfrid's death, <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ephesians, + Epistle to the,”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg110" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">110</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ephesus, Council of, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">255</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Epigrams, <a href="#Pg389" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">389</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Epistola ad + Ecgbertum,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bede" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bede</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Epternach, Wilbrord's monastery at, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Equinox, the Vernal, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg366" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">366</a>, <a href="#Pg388" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">388</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ercinwald" id="Index-Ercinwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ercinwald, Mayor of the Palace to Clovis II, <a href="#Pg178" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a>, <a href= + "#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a> n., + <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">349</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ermingild" id="Index-Ermingild" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ermingild, daughter of Sexburg, and wife of Wulfhere, <a href= + "#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a> n., + <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">261</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Abbess of Ely and Sheppey, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">261</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ermynge" id="Index-Ermynge" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ermynge, or Ixning, <a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">266</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Erneshow, or Herneshaw, now St. John's Lee, Hexham, <a href= + "#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ernianus, Irish priest, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Esi, Abbot, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">3</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Esquiline, The, Rome, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Essex" id="Index-Essex" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Essex, History of, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, + <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">10</a> n., <a href="#Pg089" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg150" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>, + <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">183</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, + <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-London" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">London</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Essex, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Offa-Essex" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Offa</a>, <a href="#Index-Saba" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sabert</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Sebbi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Sebbi</a>, <a href="#Index-Sigbert-Good" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sigbert</a>, + <a href="#Index-Sighard" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Sighard</a>, <a href="#Index-Sighere" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sighere</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Suefred" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Suefred</a>, <a href="#Index-Suidhelm" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Suidhelm</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Estrefeld, Council of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Ouestraefelda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ouestraefelda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Etaples" id="Index-Etaples" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Etaples, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eternal punishment, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">53</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelbald" id="Index-Ethelbald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelbald, King of Mercia, son of Alweo, <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, + <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ravages Northumbria, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + murdered, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelberg-Brige" id="Index-Ethelberg-Brige" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelberg, daughter of Anna, Abbess of Brige, <a href="#Pg149" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>, + <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a>, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">153</a>, <a href="#Pg232" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelberg-Tata" id="Index-Ethelberg-Tata" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelberg, or Tata, daughter of Ethelbert of Kent, wife of Edwin + of Northumbria, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg104" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>, <a href= + "#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>, + <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">348</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives a letter and gifts from Pope Boniface, <a href="#Pg109" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">109</a>, <a href= + "#Pg111" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">111</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her piety, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">110</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + after Edwin's death, returns with her children and Paulinus into + Kent, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Wusfrea and Yffi to King Dagobert, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelbert" id="Index-Ethelbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelbert, King of Kent, third Bretwalda, <a href="#Pgxxiv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, + <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">83</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg102" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his wife Bertha, <a href="#Pg046" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">46</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converted by St. Augustine, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg046" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">46</a>, <a href="#Pg047" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">47</a>, <a href= + "#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, + <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">94</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives a letter and gift from Gregory, <a href="#Pg069" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">69</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds St. Paul's, London, and St. Andrew's, Rochester, <a href= + "#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, + <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + endows the bishoprics of London, Rochester and Canterbury, + <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">89</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives a letter from Boniface, <a href="#Pg093" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of his reign, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">94</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“dooms,”</span> <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>; + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page414">[pg 414]</span><a name= + "Pg414" id="Pg414" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg095" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">94</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + genealogy, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">95</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his second wife marries his son Eadbald, <a href="#Pg095" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg097" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelbert, King of Kent, son of Wictred, <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelburg" id="Index-Ethelburg" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelburg, St., sister of Earconwald, Abbess of Barking, <a href= + "#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg232" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg233" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">233</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her miracles, <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg233" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">233</a>, <a href="#Pg236" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">236</a>, <a href="#Pg237" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">237</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">235</a>, <a href="#Pg236" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">236</a>, <a href="#Pg237" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">237</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg236" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">236</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her spirit appears to Tortgyth, <a href="#Pg237" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">237</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life + of,”</span> <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">237</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelfrid" id="Index-Ethelfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelfrid, King of Northumbria, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg112" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href= + "#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeats the Britons at Legacaestir, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg087" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href= + "#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">88</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeats the Scots at Degsastan, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg073" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href= + "#Pg074" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his genealogy and reign, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg074" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his persecution of Edwin, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg113" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">113</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + killed in battle by Redwald, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">115</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his wives, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his sons, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelhere" id="Index-Ethelhere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelhere, King of East Anglia, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a> n., + <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href="#Pg271" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + occasions the war between Penda and Oswy, <a href="#Pg189" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain at the Winwaed, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelhild, Abbess, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">158</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelhun, son of Edwin, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelhun, brother of Ethelwin, <a href="#Pg204" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a>, <a href="#Pg205" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelred" id="Index-Ethelred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelred, King of Mercia, son of Penda, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg254" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a>, <a href= + "#Pg268" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">268</a>, + <a href="#Pg332" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">332</a>, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, + <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeats Egfrid at the battle of the Trent, <a href="#Pg267" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciled to Egfrid by Theodore, <a href="#Pg267" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + recovers Lindsey, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">207</a> n. <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg267" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ravages Kent, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his veneration for Bardney Monastery, <a href="#Pg157" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appoints Oftfor Bishop of Worcester, <a href="#Pg274" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">274</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciled to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">355</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + resigns his throne to Coinred, and becomes a monk, <a href= + "#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355</a>, + <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Abbot of Bardney, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">355</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciles Coinred to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelric" id="Index-Ethelric" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelric, King of Northumbria, son of Ida, <a href="#Pg073" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelthryth-St" id="Index-Ethelthryth-St" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelthryth, St. (of Audrey), daughter of Anna, wife of Tondbert + and of Egfrid, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">149</a> n., <a href="#Pg220" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg263" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a>, <a href= + "#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her history, <a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">266</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her virginity, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">259</a>, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a>, <a href="#Pg264" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">264</a>, <a href="#Pg267" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her virtues, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a>, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">261</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her gift of prophecy, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">261</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives land for a church at Hexham, <a href="#Pg137" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + obtains a divorce and retires into the Monastery of Coldingham, + <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the Monastery of Ely, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a>, <a href="#Pg263" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dies of a tumour, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">261</a>, <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">262</a>, <a href="#Pg263" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her flesh preserved from corruption, <a href="#Pg260" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a>, <a href="#Pg262" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>, <a href= + "#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">266</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her posthumous miracles, <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">262</a>, <a href="#Pg263" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her bones translated by Sexburg, <a href="#Pg261" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a>, <a href="#Pg262" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>, <a href= + "#Pg263" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede's hymn in her honour, <a href="#Pg264" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">264-267</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelthryth, daughter of Edwin, baptized, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelwalch" id="Index-Ethelwalch" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwalch, King of the South Saxons, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg247" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">247</a>, <a href= + "#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelwald-Deira" id="Index-Ethelwald-Deira" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwald, or Oidilwald, sub-king of Deira, son of Oswald, + <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg185" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + rebels against his uncle Oswy and supports Penda, <a href= + "#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, + <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives Cedd land for a monastery at Lastingham, <a href="#Pg185" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>, <a href= + "#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelwald-Anglia" id="Index-Ethelwald-Anglia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwald, King of East Anglia, <a href="#Pg185" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelwald-Northumbria" id= + "Index-Ethelwald-Northumbria" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwald, King of Northumbria after Oswulf, <a href="#Pg393" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelwald-Melrose" id="Index-Ethelwald-Melrose" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwald, Abbot of Melrose and Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href= + "#Pg331" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">331</a>, + <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg381" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his death, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his gifts to Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg331" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">331</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwald, Hermit, <a href="#Pg301" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">301</a>, <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">302</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelward, of the Hwiccas, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">243</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ethelwin" id="Index-Ethelwin" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwin, Bishop of Lindsey, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">158</a>, <a href="#Pg204" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a>, <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethelwulf, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">143</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ethilwin, Oswy's reeve, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">164</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eucharist, The, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Communion" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Communion</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eucherius, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">340</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eudoxius" id="Index-Eudoxius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eudoxius, heretic Bishop of Constantinople, <a href="#Pg255" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eugenius I, Pope, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">349</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eulalia, St., <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page415">[pg 415]</span><a name= + "Pg415" id="Pg415" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eumer, attempts to murder Edwin, <a href="#Pg103" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg104" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Euphemia, St., <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Europe, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Eusebius-Pamphili" id="Index-Eusebius-Pamphili" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eusebius Pamphili, Bishop of Caesarea, <a href="#Pg369" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eusebius, name in religion given to Huaetbert, <a href="#Pg389" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">389</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eutropius, quoted, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg019" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">19</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eutyches, founder of Eutychianism, <a href="#Pg078" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a> n., + <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eutychius, heretic patriarch of Constantinople, <a href="#Pg078" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Eve, <a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">266</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Excommunication, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">184</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Excursus on + Paschal Controversy,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Plummer" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Plummer</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Exodus,”</span> + quoted, <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">361</a>, <a href="#Pg362" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">362</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Exorcism of Evil Spirits, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">311</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ezekiel, + Commentary on,”</span> by Gregory, <a href="#Pg079" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ezra,”</span> + <a href="#Pg387" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">387</a>, <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">388</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fainéant, Roi, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Clothaire-III" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Clothaire III</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Famines, <a href="#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">26</a>, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg028" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">28</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Fara" id="Index-Fara" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fara, or Burgundofara, foundress of the Monastery of Brige, + <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">151</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">215</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Faremoûtier-en-Brie, or Farae Monasterium in Brige, <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Brige" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Brige</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Farne" id="Index-Farne" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Farne, Isle of, or House Island, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg168" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168</a>, <a href= + "#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a>, + <a href="#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">295</a>, <a href="#Pg301" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">301</a>, <a href="#Pg302" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Faro" id="Index-Faro" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Faro, or Burgundofarus, Bishop of Meaux, <a href="#Pg215" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fasting, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">145</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">151</a>, <a href="#Pg206" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a>, <a href="#Pg282" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">282</a>, <a href= + "#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Feliskirk, Yorkshire, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Felix, St., <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">388</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Felix III, Pope, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Felix IV, Pope, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Felix, Bishop of Dunwich, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg122" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href= + "#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his school, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">178</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Felixstowe, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fen Country, The, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fergus, father of Oengus, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Field-of-Oaks, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dearmach" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dearmach</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fina, mother of Aldfrid, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">287</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Finan" id="Index-Finan" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Finan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, after Aidan, <a href="#Pg169" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169</a>, <a href= + "#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>, + <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptizes Peada, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Diuma, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptizes Sigbert, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">182</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Cedd, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">183</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds a church at Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his controversy with Ronan on the Easter question, <a href= + "#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">193</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Finchale, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fire, future punishment by, <a href="#Pg175" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">175</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fire of London, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">240</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fish of Britain, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fiskerton, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Flintshire, <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">86</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Florence of Worcester, editorial references to, <a href="#Pg191" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a> n., + <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a> n., <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., + <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">272</a> n., <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg274" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">274</a>, <a href= + "#Pg301" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">301</a> n., + <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Foillan, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Fullan" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Fullan</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Folcard, his Life of St. John of Beverley, editorial references + to, <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">303</a> n., <a href="#Pg305" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fontaines, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Forfar, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a> n., <a href="#Pg360" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Forth, the, or Sea of Giudan, <a href="#Pg023" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a> n., + <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">142</a> n., <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Forthere-Sherborne" id="Index-Forthere-Sherborne" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Forthere, Bishop of Sherborne after Aldhelm, <a href="#Pg344" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>, <a href= + "#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>, + <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Forthhere, Edwin's thegn, <a href="#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">104</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Fortunatus" id="Index-Fortunatus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fortunatus, Venantius, Bishop of Poitiers, <a href="#Pg014" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a>, <a href= + "#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Praise of + Virgins”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg015" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">15</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fosite, the god, son of Balder, <a href="#Pg323" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fosse, monastery of, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">177</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fosse, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ultan" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ultan</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + France, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Franks, the, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their language, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Church of, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">54</a>, <a href="#Pg055" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Gaul" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Gaul</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Franks, King of the, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Carloman" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Carloman</a>, + <a href="#Index-Charles" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Charles Martel</a>, <a href="#Index-Charibert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Charibert</a>, + <a href="#Index-Childebert" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Childebert</a>, <a href="#Index-Chilperic" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chilperic</a>, + <a href="#Index-Clothaire-III" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Clothaire III</a>, <a href="#Index-Clovis-I" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Clovis</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Dagobert-I" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Dagobert</a>, <a href="#Index-Pippin-Short" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Pippin</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Theodebert" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Theodebert</a>, <a href="#Index-Theoderic" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Theoderic</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Franks, Duke of the, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Pippin-Heristal" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Pippin of Heristal</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Freeman" id="Index-Freeman" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Freeman's <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Norman Conquest,”</span> editorial references + to, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">32</a>, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">246</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page416">[pg 416]</span><a name= + "Pg416" id="Pg416" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Frigyth" id="Index-Frigyth" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frigyth, Prioress of Hackness, <a href="#Pg276" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">276</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frisia, or Frisland, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Wictbert's mission to, <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">319</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquered by Pippin, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">320</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Wilbrord's mission to, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">320</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Wilfrid's mission in, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">351</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frisland, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Wilbrord" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wilbrord</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frisland, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aldgils" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aldgils</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frisland, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Suidbert-Abbot" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Suidbert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Frithbert" id="Index-Frithbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frithbert, Bishop of Hexham, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">391</a>, <a href="#Pg393" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frithonas, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Deusdedit-Archbishop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Deusdedit</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Frithwald" id="Index-Frithwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Frithwald, Bishop of Whitern, <a href="#Pg391" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Fullan" id="Index-Fullan" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fullan, or Foillan, brother of Fursa, <a href="#Pg177" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fuller, his story about Bede's epitaph, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fünen, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Fursa" id="Index-Fursa" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Fursa, St., <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">173-178</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Fursa, Life of + St.,”</span> <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">173</a> n., <a href="#Pg174" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a>, <a href="#Pg178" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gaels, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Goidels" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Goidels</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Galatians, + Epistle to the,”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg371" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">371</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Gallican + Martyrology,”</span> editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg322" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Galloway, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">141</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Garmans, English so-called by the Britons, <a href="#Pg317" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Gateshead-on-Tyne" id="Index-Gateshead-on-Tyne" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gateshead-on-Tyne, or At-the-Goat's Head, <a href="#Pg180" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gateshead, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Utta" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Utta</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Gaul" id="Index-Gaul" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gaul, history of, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg007" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">7</a>, <a href="#Pg010" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">10</a>, <a href= + "#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a> n., + <a href="#Pg019" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">19</a>, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">20</a>, <a href="#Pg022" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg033" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a>, <a href= + "#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a> n., + <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a> n., <a href="#Pg096" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg098" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98</a>, <a href= + "#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>, + <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">178</a>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">214</a>, <a href="#Pg378" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">378</a>, <a href="#Pg382" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Church of, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">54</a>, <a href="#Pg055" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg196" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">196</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + schools of, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href="#Pg172" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gaul, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Annemundus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Annemundus</a>, <a href="#Index-Godwin" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Godwin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gaul, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Arculf" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Arculf</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gauls, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">9</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Gebmund" id="Index-Gebmund" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gebmund, Bishop of Rochester, <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg242" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Genesis, quoted, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">110</a>, <a href="#Pg366" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">366</a>, <a href="#Pg370" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Genlade, the river, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">315</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Genoa, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Asterius-Genoa" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Asterius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Geraint-Gerontius" id="Index-Geraint-Gerontius" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Geraint, or Gerontius, Count, <a href="#Pg022" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Geraint-King" id="Index-Geraint-King" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Geraint, or Gerontius, King of Dumnonia, <a href="#Pg336" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Germans, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">22</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, sent to Britain to confute the + Pelagians, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a> n., + <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">32</a>, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg034" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">34</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + church dedicated to, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + stills a tempest, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">34</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + casts out evil spirits, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">34</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts the heretics, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">34</a>, <a href="#Pg035" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">35</a>, <a href="#Pg036" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">36</a>, <a href= + "#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">39</a>, + <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">41</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + heals a blind girl, <a href="#Pg035" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">35</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at St. Alban's tomb, <a href="#Pg035" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">35</a>, <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">36</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + quenches a fire, <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">36</a>, <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">37</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + healed of lameness by a vision, <a href="#Pg036" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">36</a>, <a href="#Pg037" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + assists the Britons in battle, <a href="#Pg037" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37</a>, <a href="#Pg038" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">38</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + goes to Ravenna, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Duke of Armorica, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns to Britain, <a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">39</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">40</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his death, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Germanus, Life + of,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Constantius-Lyons" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Constantius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Germany, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg005" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href= + "#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a>, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + English missions to, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">316</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg319" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">319</a>, <a href="#Pg320" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gerontius, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Geraint-Gerontius" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Geraint</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gertrude, St., <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">177</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gessoriacum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Boulogne" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Boulogne</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Geta, son of Severus, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">13</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gewissae, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-West-Saxons" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">West Saxons</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gidley, Rev. L., his translation of the <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> + <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxi</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gildas, historian, editorial references to, <a href="#Pgxxii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a> n., + <a href="#Pg019" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">19</a> n., <a href="#Pg025" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De Excidio + Liber Querulus,”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg042" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Giles, Dr., his translation of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">v</a>, + <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xx</a>, <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxi</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gilling, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">165</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gilling, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Trumhere" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Trumhere</a>, + <a href="#Index-Tunbert" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Tunbert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Giudan, Sea of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, Firth of Forth, <a href= + "#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Giudi (probably Inchkeith), <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">23</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Glen, the river, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Glendale, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">119</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gloucestershire, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Goat's Head, At the, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Gateshead-on-Tyne" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Gateshead</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page417">[pg 417]</span><a name= + "Pg417" id="Pg417" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gobban, one of Fursa's priests, <a href="#Pg177" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Godmunddingham" id="Index-Godmunddingham" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Godmunddingaham, or Goodmanham, <a href="#Pg118" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Godwin" id="Index-Godwin" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Godwin, Archbishop of Lyons, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">316</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Godwine, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">246</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Goidels" id="Index-Goidels" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Goidels, or Gaels, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a> n., <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">24</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Golgotha, <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">339</a>, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">340</a> n., <a href="#Pg341" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">341</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Goodmanham, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Godmunddingham" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Godmunddingaham</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gordianus, father of Gregory, <a href="#Pg075" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gore's <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Bampton + Lectures,”</span> editorial references to, <a href="#Pg019" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Goths, The, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Grampians, the, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">141</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Grantacaestir, or Grantchester, <a href="#Pg261" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a>, <a href="#Pg262" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gratian, Emperor, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain by Maximus, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gratian, or Gratianus, tyrant in Britain, <a href="#Pg022" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Greece, churches of, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Greek" id="Index-Greek" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Greek, or Eastern Church, practices of the, <a href="#Pg214" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>, <a href= + "#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Green" id="Index-Green" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Green, J. R., his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Making of England,”</span> editorial + references to, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">32</a> n., <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gregorian Music, <a href="#Pg077" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">77</a> n., <a href="#Pg133" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg358" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Gregorian + Sacramentary,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Liber-Sacramentorum" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Liber Sacramentorum.”</span></a> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Gregory-Great" id="Index-Gregory-Great" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gregory the Great, St., Pope, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg002" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a>, <a href="#Pg003" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href= + "#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, + <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href="#Pg126" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href="#Pg213" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">42</a> n., <a href="#Pg075" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75-83</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his genealogy, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">76</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his pontificate, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">81</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sent to Constantinople, <a href="#Pg077" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">77</a>, <a href="#Pg083" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + confutes the heresy of Eutychius, <a href="#Pg078" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his learning and literary works, <a href="#Pg077" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">77</a>, <a href="#Pg078" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78</a>, <a href= + "#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, + <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">81</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his connection with Church music, <a href="#Pg133" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his meeting with the Anglian slaves, <a href="#Pg082" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">82</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Augustine on a mission to Britain to convert the English, + <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">42</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg049" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href= + "#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a>, + <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">83</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg383" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + letter recommending Augustine and Candidus to Aetherius, <a href= + "#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + letters to Augustine and the English mission, <a href="#Pg043" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href= + "#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, + <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">68</a>, <a href="#Pg069" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">69</a>, <a href="#Pg290" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">290</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + letter to Vergilius, <a href="#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">63</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">64</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + letter to Mellitus, <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">66</a>, <a href="#Pg067" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">67</a>, <a href="#Pg068" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends the pall to Augustine, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg383" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + letter to Ethelbert, <a href="#Pg069" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">69-72</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his gifts to Ethelbert, <a href="#Pg069" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">69</a>, <a href="#Pg071" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his answers to Augustine's questions on discipline, <a href= + "#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, + <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49-63</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg084" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + private letters, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">79</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Paulinus to Britain, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his weak health, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">79</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">81</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + epitaph, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">82</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + altar dedicated to him at SS. Peter and Paul's, Canterbury, + <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">90</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + quoted, <a href="#Pg333" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">333</a>, <a href="#Pg334" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">334</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his disciples, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">358</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + lives of, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a> n., <a href="#Pg083" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Dudden" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Dudden</a>, <a href="#Index-Whitby-Monk" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Whitby</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gregory, St., Martyr, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">210</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gregory II, Pope, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a>, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">314</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gregory III, Pope, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Guest, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg032" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Guthfrid" id="Index-Guthfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Guthfrid, Abbot of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg301" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">301</a>, <a href="#Pg302" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Guthlac, St., his Hermitage, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Gwynedd, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Caedwalla-Cadwallon" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Caedwalla</a>, <a href="#Index-Cadvan" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cadvan</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Habakkuk, quoted, <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">368</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Habetdeus, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hackness, or Hacanos, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg275" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">275</a>, <a href="#Pg276" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">276</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hackness, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Hilda" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hilda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hackness, Prioress of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Frigyth" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Frigyth</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Haddan-Stubbs" id="Index-Haddan-Stubbs" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haddan and Stubbs, <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Councils and Ecclesiastical + Documents,”</span> editorial references to, <a href="#Pg084" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a> n., + <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">306</a> n., <a href="#Pg315" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a> n., + <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">319</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a> n., + <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haddenham, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">220</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hades, <a href="#Pg326" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">326</a>, <a href="#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">327</a>, <a href="#Pg329" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">329</a>, <a href="#Pg330" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">330</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hadrian, Pope, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hadrian, Emperor, his wall, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">13</a> n., <a href="#Pg025" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a>, <a href="#Pg026" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>, <a href= + "#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a> n., + <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">137</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hadrian-Abbot" id="Index-Hadrian-Abbot" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hadrian, Abbot of Niridanum and later of St. Augustine's + Monastery, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page418">[pg + 418]</span><a name="Pg418" id="Pg418" class="tei tei-anchor" + style="text-align: left"></a> Canterbury, <a href="#Pgxxviii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, + <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">214</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">316</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + refuses the English Archbishopric, <a href="#Pg002" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a>, <a href="#Pg214" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + recommends Andrew, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">214</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + recommends Theodore, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a> n., <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">214</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + accompanies Theodore on his journey to Britain, <a href="#Pg002" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, + <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">214</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">215</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + detained by Ebroin at Quentavic, <a href="#Pg216" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his arrival in Britain, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg357" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made Abbot of St. Augustine's, <a href="#Pg216" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his learning, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">217</a>, <a href="#Pg357" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + accompanies Theodore in his pastoral visitations, <a href= + "#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>, + <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">217</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried in St. Augustine's, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">357</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hadulac" id="Index-Hadulac" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hadulac, Bishop of Elmham, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Haedde" id="Index-Haedde" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haedde, Bishop of Winchester after Leutherius, <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href= + "#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + supposed to be identical with Aetla, <a href="#Pg272" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">272</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">342</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + resists Bertwald's division of the Bishopric, <a href="#Pg343" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">342</a>, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">343</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + posthumous miracles, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haemgils, a monk, <a href="#Pg330" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">330</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Haethfelth-Chase" id="Index-Haethfelth-Chase" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haethfelth (Hatfield Chase, near Doncaster), Battle of, <a href= + "#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, + <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haethfelth (Hatfield, Hertfordshire), Synod of, <a href="#Pgxxix" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a>, + <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">255</a>, <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">256</a>, <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hagustald, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Hexham" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hexham</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hallelujah, or Allelujah, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg083" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hallelujah victory of Germanus, <a href="#Pg038" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">38</a>, <a href="#Pg039" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">39</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hallington, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">136</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Halydene, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">136</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hamble" id="Index-Hamble" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hamble, or Homelea, The River, <a href="#Pg253" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hampshire, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">253</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Harold, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">246</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hartlepool" id="Index-Hartlepool" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hartlepool, Heruteu, or the Island of the Hart, Monastery at, + <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">271</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hartlepool, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Heiu" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Heiu</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Hilda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Hilda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Hateful Year, + The,”</span> in Northumbria, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hatfield, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Haethfelth-Chase" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Haethfelth</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hatfield Chase, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Haethfelth-Chase" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Haethfelth</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haverfield, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Haymo, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Emme" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Emme</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Healaugh, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">271</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heavenly Field, the, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Hefenfelth" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Hefenfelth</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Hebrews, The + Epistle to the,”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg079" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hebron, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a>, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">342</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hecana, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Hereford" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hereford</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hedda" id="Index-Hedda" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hedda, Bishop of Lichfield, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">379</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hefenfelth" id="Index-Hefenfelth" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hefenfelth, or The Heavenly Field, <a href="#Pg136" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a>, <a href="#Pg137" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Heiu" id="Index-Heiu" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heiu, first Northumbrian nun, <a href="#Pg271" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>, <a href="#Pg275" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">275</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the monastery of Hartlepool, <a href="#Pg271" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + retires to Calcaria, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a>, <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">272</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her gravestone, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Helen, <a href="#Pg264" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">264</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Helena, mother of Constantine, <a href="#Pg019" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + legality of her marriage, <a href="#Pg019" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">19</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her Finding of the True Cross, <a href="#Pg339" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">339</a>, <a href="#Pg340" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heliand, The, <a href="#Pg277" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">277</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heligoland, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">323</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hell, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">327</a>, <a href="#Pg328" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">328</a>, <a href="#Pg335" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">335</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hengist, leader of the Anglo-Saxons, <a href="#Pg030" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg045" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Henry VIII, <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">275</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heracleonas, or Heraclius, Emperor, son of Heraclius, <a href= + "#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heraclius, Emperor, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">127</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Herbert, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Herebert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Herebert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Herebald" id="Index-Herebald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Herebald, Abbot of Tynemouth, <a href="#Pg309" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">309</a>, <a href="#Pg310" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">310</a>, <a href= + "#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Herebert" id="Index-Herebert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Herebert, St., a hermit, the friend of Cuthbert, <a href="#Pg294" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">294</a>, <a href= + "#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">295</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hereford" id="Index-Hereford" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hereford, See of, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">218</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hereford, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Putta-Hereford" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Putta</a>, <a href="#Index-Tyrhtel" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Tyrhtel</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Torthere" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Torthere</a>, <a href="#Index-Wahlstod" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wahlstod</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Herefrid, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hereric, nephew of Edwin, and father of Hilda, <a href="#Pg270" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + poisoned by Cerdic, <a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">274</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heresuid, sister of Hilda, and wife of Ethelhere, <a href= + "#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Heriburg" id="Index-Heriburg" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heriburg, Abbess of Watton, her daughter healed by John of + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page419">[pg 419]</span><a name= + "Pg419" id="Pg419" class="tei tei-anchor" style= + "text-align: left"></a> Beverley's prayers, <a href="#Pg305" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a>, <a href= + "#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a>, + <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">307</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hermit, a British, lays a trap for Augustine, <a href="#Pg086" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hertford" id="Index-Hertford" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hertford, Synod of, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a>, <a href="#Pg227" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a>, <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hertfordshire, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a> n., <a href="#Pg018" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">18</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Heruteu, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Hartlepool" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Hartlepool</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Herutford, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Hertford" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hertford</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hewalds, The Two (Black and White), martyrs, <a href="#Pg320" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a>, <a href= + "#Pg321" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321</a>, + <a href="#Pg322" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">322</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hexham" id="Index-Hexham" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hexham, or Hagustald, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">136</a> n., <a href="#Pg137" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a>, <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">137</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hexham, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Acca" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Acca</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Eata" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eata</a>, <a href="#Index-Frithbert" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Frithbert</a>, <a href= + "#Index-John-Beverley" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">John</a>, <a href="#Index-Tunbert" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Tunbert</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wilfrid-St" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wilfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hiddila, priest to Bernwin, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">252</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hii, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Iona" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Iona</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hilarus, arch-presbyter, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hilda" id="Index-Hilda" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hilda, St., daughter of Hereric, Abbess of Hartlepool and + afterwards of Whitby, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg270" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a>, <a href= + "#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>, + <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">272</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of her life, <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">270-275</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds the monastery of Streanaeshalch or Whitby, <a href= + "#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, + <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">272</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her attitude on the Easter question, <a href="#Pg195" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her opposition to Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">195</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her character, <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">272</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her pupils, <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">272</a>, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg274" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">274</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + illness and death, <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">275</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + friendship for Aidan, <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">272</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hildilid, pupil of Aldhelm, Abbess of Barking after Ethelburg, + <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">237</a>, <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">344</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“History of the + Abbots,”</span> Anonymous, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Abbots" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Abbots</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede's, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bede" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bede</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hlothere" id="Index-Hlothere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hlothere, King of Kent after Egbert, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">230</a>, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">254</a>, <a href="#Pg269" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Edric's revolt against, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">287</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + grants Bertwald land in Thanet, <a href="#Pg315" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">285</a>, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">287</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Holder, editor of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xx</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Holmhurst, <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">18</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Holy Island, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Lindisfarne" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Lindisfarne</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Holy Housel, <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">275</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Homelea, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Hamble" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hamble</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Honorius, Emperor, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a>, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg026" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Honorius, Pope, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">105</a> n., <a href="#Pg124" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>, <a href="#Pg132" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends the Pall to Paulinus, and to Archbishop Honorius, <a href= + "#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>, + <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">125</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href="#Pg127" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letters, <a href="#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">124-130</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Birinus to the West Saxons, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg147" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href= + "#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Honorius-Archbishop" id="Index-Honorius-Archbishop" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury after Justus, <a href="#Pgxxv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, + <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">125</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg163" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href= + "#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>, + <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">193</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordained by Paulinus, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">126</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives the Pall from Pope Honorius, <a href="#Pg125" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125</a>, <a href="#Pg126" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Felix to East Anglia, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">122</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + a disciple of Pope Gregory, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">178</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">179</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Horsa, brother of Hengist, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Horse, miraculously cured at Oswald's death-place, <a href= + "#Pg155" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Horsted, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + House Island, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Farne" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Farne</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hreutford, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Redbridge" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Redbridge</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hrof, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">89</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hrofaescaestrae, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Rochester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Rochester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Huaetbert" id="Index-Huaetbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Huaetbert, Abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xl</a>, + <a href="#Pg389" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">389</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Huddersfield, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hugh de Puisac, erects a shrine at Durham, for the bones of Bede + and others, <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xl</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hull, The River, <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">303</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Humber, The River, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg082" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">82</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, + <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg164" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href= + "#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a>, + <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hunt, Dr., his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“History of the English Church,”</span> + editorial references to, vi, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Huntingdonshire, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Huns, The, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">317</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hunwald, betrays Oswin, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">164</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hurst, W., his translation of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxi</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hussey, his edition of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xx</a>, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hwiccas, The, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">243</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Worcester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Worcester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hwiccas, King of the, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aenhere" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aenhere</a>, + <a href="#Index-Eanfrid-Hwiccas" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eanfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hwiccas, sub-king of the, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">377</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Osric-Hwiccas" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Osric</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Hygbald" id="Index-Hygbald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hygbald, Abbot of Bardney, <a href="#Pg223" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">223</a>, <a href="#Pg224" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Hymns, <a href="#Pg264" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">264-267</a>, <a href="#Pg389" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">389</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page420">[pg 420]</span><a name= + "Pg420" id="Pg420" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + I (Iona), <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ibas" id="Index-Ibas" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, his heresy, <a href="#Pg255" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ida" id="Index-Ida" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ida, first King of Bernicia, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">73</a> n., <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, <a href="#Pg391" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">383</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds Bamborough, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a> n., <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Idle, the Battle of the, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">115</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Idols, destruction of, <a href="#Pg067" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">67</a>, <a href="#Pg070" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">70</a>, <a href="#Pg151" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ii (Iona), <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Imma, <a href="#Pg268" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">268</a>, <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">269</a>, <a href="#Pg270" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Immersion, Single, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">87</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Immin, Mercian chief, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a>, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">192</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Importunus" id="Index-Importunus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Importunus, Bishop of Paris, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">194</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + In Berecingum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Barking" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Barking</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + In Brige, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Brige" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Brige</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + In Compendio, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Compiegne" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Compiègne</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Incuneningum, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inderauuda, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-John-Beverley" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">John of Beverley</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Indictions, <a href="#Pg227" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">227</a>, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">254</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Indulgences, <a href="#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">294</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Infeppingum, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ingetlingum, monastery of, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href="#Pg165" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a>, <a href="#Pg191" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ingwald" id="Index-Ingwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ingwald, Bishop of London, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">379</a>, <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, <a href="#Pg391" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ingyruum, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">359</a>, and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Jarrow" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Jarrow</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inhrypum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ripon" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ripon</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ini" id="Index-Ini" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ini, or Ine, King of Wessex after Caedwalla, <a href="#Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquers Sussex, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">251</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Dooms,”</span> <a href="#Pg231" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Aldhelm's influence with, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his abdication and pilgrimage to Rome, <a href="#Pg314" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>, <a href="#Pg345" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inisboufinde, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Innisboffin" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Innisboffin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inishmahee, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Cromanus" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cronan</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inlade, the river, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">315</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inlitore, now Kaiserwerth, Monastery at, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Innisboffin" id="Index-Innisboffin" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Innisboffin, Inisboufinde, or The Island of the White Heifer, + <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">226</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Intiningaham, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Tininghame" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Tininghame</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inundalum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Oundle" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oundle</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Inver-Daeile" id="Index-Inver-Daeile" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inver Daeile, or Ennereilly, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dagan" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dagan</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Inverness, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Iona" id="Index-Iona" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Iona, Hii, I or Ii, the island of, included in Ireland, <a href= + "#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a> n., <a href="#Pg191" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>, + <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + given to Columba by Bridius or by Conall, <a href="#Pgxxvi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its monastery founded by Columba, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg142" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a>, <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its constitution and jurisdiction, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg139" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a>, + <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">142</a>, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">169</a>, <a href="#Pg181" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>, <a href="#Pg183" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg318" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its monks converted to Catholic usages, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href="#Pg337" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">337</a>, <a href="#Pg373" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">373</a>, <a href= + "#Pg374" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">374</a>, + <a href="#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">375</a>, <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">376</a>, <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + piety of its Abbots, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">143</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + derivation of the name, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">140</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Iona, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Adamnan-Iona" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Adamnan</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Columba-Columcille" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Columba</a>, <a href="#Index-Segeni" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Segeni</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ireland" id="Index-Ireland" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ireland, History of, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg007" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">7</a>, <a href="#Pg008" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">8</a>, <a href= + "#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, + <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg161" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a>, <a href= + "#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, + <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a> n., <a href="#Pg204" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a>, <a href="#Pg285" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a>, <a href= + "#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a> n., + <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">337</a>, <a href="#Pg373" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">373</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + description of, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a>, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">8</a>, <a href="#Pg009" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its hospitality to the English monks, <a href="#Pg204" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Irish, or Scots, Bishop of the, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Palladius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Palladius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Irish Annals, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg337" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">337</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Irish-Church" id="Index-Irish-Church" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Irish Church, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href="#Pg087" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">138</a>, + <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">139</a>, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">142</a> n., <a href="#Pg143" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143</a>, <a href="#Pg144" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a>, <a href= + "#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">193-201</a>, <a href="#Pg336" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg374" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">374-377</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Irminric" id="Index-Irminric" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Irminric, father of Ethelbert, King of Kent, <a href="#Pg095" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Isaac, <a href="#Pg387" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">387</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tomb, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Isaiah, quoted, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">186</a>, <a href="#Pg209" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">209</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ishmael, <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">378</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Isle of Wight, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Wight" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wight</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Israel, <a href="#Pg067" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">67</a>, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">341</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Itala, the, <a href="#Pg366" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">366</a>, <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">368</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Italian Sea, the, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Italy, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">20</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg092" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93</a>, + <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Itchen, the river, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">252</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ithamar" id="Index-Ithamar" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ithamar, Bishop of Rochester, <a href="#Pg164" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href="#Pg178" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Iudeu, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">23</a> n., <a href="#Pg189" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ixning, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ermynge" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ermynge</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jacobsburgh, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Akeburg" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Akeburgh</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jacob's Tomb, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + James, St., quoted, <a href="#Pg197" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">197</a>, <a href="#Pg372" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">372</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + James the Less, St., <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page421">[pg 421]</span><a name= + "Pg421" id="Pg421" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + James the Deacon, companion of Paulinus, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg123" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + left at York when Paulinus flees into Kent, <a href="#Pg132" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + a village named after him, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + teaches Church music, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + observes the Catholic Easter, <a href="#Pg193" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>, <a href="#Pg195" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Whitby, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">133</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Jarrow" id="Index-Jarrow" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jarrow, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Wearmouth-Jarrow" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wearmouth and Jarrow</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jarrow, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Benedict-Biscop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Benedict Biscop</a>, <a href="#Index-Ceolfrid" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ceolfrid</a>, + <a href="#Index-Huaetbert" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Huaetbert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Jaruman" id="Index-Jaruman" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jaruman, Bishop of Mercia, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>, + <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">206</a> n., <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mission to the East Saxons, <a href="#Pg212" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg245" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">218</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jerome, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a> n., <a href="#Pg387" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">387</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jerusalem, <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">337</a>, <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">339</a>, <a href="#Pg340" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340</a>, <a href="#Pg341" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">341</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jet, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jezebel, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">349</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Job, quoted, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">370</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tonsure, <a href="#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">370</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Commentary + on,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Gregory-Great" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Gregory</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John the Baptist, St., his martyrdom, <a href="#Pg053" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">53</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John the Deacon, author of <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Life of Gregory,”</span> <a href="#Pg075" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a> n., + <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">83</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John the Evangelist, St., <a href="#Pgxlii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xlii</a>, <a href="#Pg304" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">304</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his celebration of Easter, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg197" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">197</a>, <a href="#Pg198" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + quoted, <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">335</a>, <a href="#Pg363" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">363</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John IV, Pope, consecrated, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">128</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letter to the Scots, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href="#Pg129" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a>, <a href="#Pg130" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a>, <a href= + "#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John VI, Pope, Wilfrid's cause tried before, <a href="#Pg353" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-John-Arles" id="Index-John-Arles" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John, Archbishop of Arles, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John, Chief of the Papal notaries, <a href="#Pg129" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-John-Beverley" id="Index-John-Beverley" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John of Beverley, Bishop of Hexham after Eata, <a href="#Pgxxix" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href= + "#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">302</a>, + <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + a pupil of Hilda, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">273</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Theodore, <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">305</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appointed Bishop of York, <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">305</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Bede, <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his miracles, <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">302</a>, <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">303</a>, <a href="#Pg304" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">304</a>, <a href="#Pg305" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a>, <a href= + "#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a>, + <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">307</a>, <a href="#Pg308" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">308</a>, <a href="#Pg309" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">309</a>, <a href="#Pg310" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">310</a>, <a href= + "#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Erneshow, <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">303</a>, <a href="#Pg304" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">304</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Watton, <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">305</a>, <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">306</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates churches, <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">307</a>, <a href="#Pg308" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">308</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + resigns the bishopric of York and retires to Beverley, <a href= + "#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains his successor, Wilfrid II, Bishop of York, <a href= + "#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">311</a>, <a href="#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">312</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at St. Peter's, Beverley, <a href="#Pg311" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311</a>, <a href="#Pg312" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John, a martyr, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">210</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-John-Precentor" id="Index-John-Precentor" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + John, the precentor, brought into Britain to teach Church music, + <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">258</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Abbot of St. Martin's Monastery, <a href="#Pg257" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Synod of Haethfelth, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">257</a>, <a href="#Pg258" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258</a>, <a href="#Pg259" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>, <a href= + "#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dies on his way back to Rome, <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Tours, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">259</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jonah, quoted, <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">319</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Joseph, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a> n., <a href="#Pg370" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Julianus" id="Index-Julianus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Julianus of Campania, heretic Bishop of Eclanum, <a href="#Pg021" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">21</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Julius, British martyr, <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">18</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Julius Caesar, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Caesar" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Caesar</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Justin II, Emperor, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Justinian I, Emperor, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a>, <a href="#Pg203" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">203</a> n., <a href="#Pg256" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Justinian II, Emperor, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">314</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Justus" id="Index-Justus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Justus, Bishop of Rochester, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, + <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg100" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">100</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sent by Gregory to Augustine, <a href="#Pg064" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + takes refuge in Gaul, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg096" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg097" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Romanus Bishop of Rochester, <a href="#Pg100" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">100</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Paulinus, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Romanus on a mission to Pope Honorius, <a href="#Pg132" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">125</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jutes, the, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg031" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">31</a>, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Jutland, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Kaelcacaestir, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Calcaria" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Calcaria</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Kaiserswerth, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">324</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Katwyk, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">320</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Kent, history, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg002" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a>, <a href= + "#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a> n., + <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg094" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href= + "#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, + <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">102</a> n., <a href="#Pg127" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a>, + <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a>, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg172" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>, <a href="#Pg179" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>, <a href= + "#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>, + <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg261" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a>, <a href= + "#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269</a>, + <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">316</a> n., <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + language of, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + settlement of Christianity in, <a href="#Pgxxii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg193" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>, <a href="#Pg290" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">290</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">323</a>, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Canterbury" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Canterbury</a> and <a href="#Index-Rochester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Rochester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Kent, king of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Alric" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Alric</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Eadbert-Kent" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eadbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Earconbert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Earconbert</a>, + <a href="#Index-Egbert-King" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Egbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Ethelbert" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ethelbert</a>, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page422">[pg 422]</span><a name= + "Pg422" id="Pg422" class="tei tei-anchor" style= + "text-align: left"></a> <a href="#Index-Hlothere" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hlothere</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Irminric" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Irminric</a>, <a href="#Index-Mul" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Mul</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Octa" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Octa</a>, <a href="#Index-Oeric" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oeric</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Suaebhard" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Suaebhard</a>, <a href="#Index-Wictred" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wictred</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Kerslake, T., his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Vestiges of the Supremacy of Mercia,”</span> + editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">255</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Kyle, Plain of, conquered by Eadbert, <a href="#Pg392" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Labienus, the Tribune, slain in battle with the Britons, <a href= + "#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">10</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Laestingaeu, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Lastingham" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Lastingham</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lagny" id="Index-Lagny" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lagny-on-the-Marne, or Latineacum, <a href="#Pg178" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Laistranus, Irish priest, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lammermuir Hills, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lancashire, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lanfranc" id="Index-Lanfranc" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lanfranc, Archbishop, rebuilds Canterbury Cathedral, <a href= + "#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Langres, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Laodicea, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Anatolius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Anatolius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lastingham" id="Index-Lastingham" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lastingham, or Laestingaeu, Monastery of, <a href="#Pgxxvii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>, + <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">185</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a>, <a href="#Pg187" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187</a>, <a href= + "#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a>, + <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lastingham, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ceadda" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ceadda</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Cedd" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cedd</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lateran Councils, <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">256</a> n., <a href="#Pg352" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Latin Language, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + poetry, <a href="#Pg264" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">264</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Latineacum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Lagny" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Lagny</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Laurentius, St., Deacon and Martyr, <a href="#Pg210" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Laurentius-Archbishop" id= + "Index-Laurentius-Archbishop" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Laurentius, second Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="#Pgxxiv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, + <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">64</a> n., <a href="#Pg091" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href= + "#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93</a>, + <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">96</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sent by Augustine to Gregory, <a href="#Pg049" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates the Church of SS. Peter and Paul, Canterbury, + <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">90</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letters to the Scots and Britons, <a href="#Pg091" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + rebuked and scourged by St. Peter in a dream, <a href="#Pg097" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts King Eadbald, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">97</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death and burial, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leah's Tomb, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a> n., <a href="#Pg342" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Leeds" id="Index-Leeds" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leeds, or Loidis, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a>, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leeds, or Loidis and Elmet, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Cerdic" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cerdic</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Legacaestir, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Chester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Legions, City of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Chester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chester</a> and + <a href="#Index-Caerleon" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Caerleon-on-Usk</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leicester, Diocese of, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">148</a> n., <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leicester, Bishop of, <a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">274</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leicestershire, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leinster, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a> n., <a href="#Pg141" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lent, <a href="#Pg038" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">38</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">151</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a>, <a href="#Pg206" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leptis in Tripolis, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">12</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lérins, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Leutherius" id="Index-Leutherius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leutherius, or Hlothere, Bishop of Wessex, nephew of Agilbert, + <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrated by Theodore, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">151</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Hertford Synod, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">228</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Aldhelm, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Leviticus, quoted <a href="#Pg279" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">279</a>, <a href="#Pg364" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">364</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Liber-Sacramentorum" id="Index-Liber-Sacramentorum" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Liber + Sacramentorum,”</span> or Gregorian Sacramentary, attributed to + Gregory, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">81</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Liber + Eliensis,”</span> editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg266" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">266</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lichfield" id="Index-Lichfield" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lichfield, Diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Cathedral, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">224</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lichfield, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Aldwin-Worr" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aldwin</a>, <a href="#Index-Ceadda" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ceadda</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Hedda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Hedda</a>, <a href="#Index-Sexwulf" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sexwulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wynfrid" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wynfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Liddesdale, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">73</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Liège, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">177</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Light, Supernatural, <a href="#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg233" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">233</a>, <a href="#Pg234" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">234</a>, <a href= + "#Pg322" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lilla, gives his life for Edwin's, <a href="#Pg104" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lincoln, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lincolnshire, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href="#Pg123" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157</a>, + <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lindisfari, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lindisfarne" id="Index-Lindisfarne" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lindisfarne, or Holy Island, Monastery of, <a href="#Pgxxv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg001" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">1</a> n., <a href="#Pg004" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a>, <a href= + "#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a>, + <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">169</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">186</a>, <a href="#Pg202" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202</a>, <a href="#Pg203" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203</a>, <a href= + "#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225</a>, + <a href="#Pg290" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">290</a>, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">347</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Church of, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg004" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a>, <a href="#Pg183" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a>, <a href= + "#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>, + <a href="#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">295</a>, <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">302</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href="#Pg325" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n., + <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">353</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lindisfarne, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aidan" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aidan</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Guthfrid" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Guthfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lindisfarne, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aidan" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aidan</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Colman" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Colman</a>, <a href="#Index-Conwulf" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Conwulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Cuthbert-Lindisfarne" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbert</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Eadbert-Lindisfarne" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eadbert</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Eadfrid-Lindisfarne" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eadfrid</a>, <a href="#Index-Eata" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eata</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelwald-Melrose" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelwald</a>, <a href="#Index-Finan" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Finan</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Tuda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Tuda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lindsey, history, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg004" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a>, <a href="#Pg157" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157</a>, <a href= + "#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>, + <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">207</a> n., <a href="#Pg243" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, + <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">267</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page423">[pg 423]</span><a name= + "Pg423" id="Pg423" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lindsey, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Alwic" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Alwic</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ceadda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ceadda</a>, <a href="#Index-Cynibert-Lindsey" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cynibert</a>, + <a href="#Index-Diuma" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Diuma</a>, <a href="#Index-Eadhaed" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eadhaed</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Edgar" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Edgar</a>, <a href="#Index-Ethelwin" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ethelwin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Linlithgow, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">32</a>, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Littleborough, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Liudhard" id="Index-Liudhard" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Liudhard, Bishop, Chaplain to Bertha, <a href="#Pg046" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">46</a>, <a href="#Pg051" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Loidis, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Leeds" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Leeds</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lombards, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + King of the, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Perctarit" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Perctarit</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-London" id="Index-London" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + London, metropolis of the East Saxons, <a href="#Pg089" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg241" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49</a> n., <a href="#Pg065" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg183" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + London, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Earconwald" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Earconwald</a>, <a href="#Index-Ingwald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ingwald</a>, + <a href="#Index-Mellitus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Mellitus</a>, <a href="#Index-Waldhere" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Waldhere</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wini" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wini</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Looking-glass, sent by Pope Boniface to Queen Ethelberg, <a href= + "#Pg111" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">111</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lord's Day, the, <a href="#Pg197" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">197</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lothians, the, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Louth, County, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lucius-Britain" id="Index-Lucius-Britain" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lucius, King of Britain, his conversion, <a href="#Pgxxiii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>, + <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">149</a> n., <a href="#Pg382" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lucius Bibulus, Consul, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">9</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lucius Verus, Emperor, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aurelius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aurelius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lugubalia, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Carlisle" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Carlisle</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Luke, St., quoted, <a href="#Pg078" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">78</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lul" id="Index-Lul" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lul, Archbishop of Mainz, <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Lupus" id="Index-Lupus" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lupus, Bishop of Troyes, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">40</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sent to Britain to confute the Pelagians, <a href="#Pgxxiii" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a>, + <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">34</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + churches dedicated to, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">33</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + casts out evil spirits, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">34</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Luxeuil, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lyccidfelth, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Lichfield" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Lichfield</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lyons, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">194</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">316</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lyons, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aetherius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aetherius</a>, + <a href="#Index-Annemundus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Annemundus</a>, <a href="#Index-Godwin" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Godwin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Lyons, Count of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Dalfinus-Count" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Dalfinus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maas, the, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Maban" id="Index-Maban" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maban, or Mafa, a teacher of Church music, <a href="#Pg358" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Macedonia, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Macedonius" id="Index-Macedonius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Macedonius, Heretic Bishop of Constantinople, <a href="#Pg255" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maelduib, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Maildufus" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Maildufus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maeldum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Meaux" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Meaux</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maelmin, Northumbria, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maestricht, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">177</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maes-y-Garmon, or Field of Germanus, said to be the scene of the + Hallelujah Victory, <a href="#Pg038" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">38</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mafa, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Maban" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Maban</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mageo, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Mayo" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Mayo</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Maildufus" id="Index-Maildufus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maildufus, or Maelduib founds the Monastery of Malmesbury, + <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mailros, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Melrose" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Melrose</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maintz, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Boniface-Bertgils" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Boniface</a>, <a href="#Index-Redger" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Redger</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Lul" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Lul</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Making of + England, The,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Green" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Green</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Malachi, quoted, <a href="#Pg367" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">367</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Malmesbury, or City of Maildufus, <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a>, <a href="#Pg344" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + perhaps Augustine's Ác, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Malmesbury, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aldhelm" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aldhelm</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Malmesbury, William of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-William" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">William</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mamre, Hill of, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">342</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Man, Isle of, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">102</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Mevanian" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Mevanian Islands</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mandubracius, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Androgius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Androgius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Marcellinus, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Life of Suidbert,”</span> <a href="#Pg323" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Marcian, Emperor, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">41</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Marcus, Emperor in Britain, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">22</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Marcus Antoninus Verus, or Marcus Aurelius, Emperor, <a href= + "#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Marigena, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Pelagius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Pelagius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mark, St., quoted, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">110</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his observance of Easter, <a href="#Pg364" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">364</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Market Weighton, <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">118</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maro (Vergil), <a href="#Pg264" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">264</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Marriage, of the lower clergy, <a href="#Pg050" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">50</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + lawful and unlawful, <a href="#Pg052" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">52</a>, <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">53</a>, <a href="#Pg095" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg097" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href= + "#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + customs of, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">54</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + rules and discipline of, <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">56</a>, <a href="#Pg057" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">57</a>, <a href="#Pg059" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">59</a>, <a href= + "#Pg060" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">60</a>, + <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">61</a>, <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">230</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Marseilles, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Martial, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg264" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">264</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Martin-Tours" id="Index-Martin-Tours" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Martin, St., Bishop of Tours, <a href="#Pg048" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg141" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a>, <a href= + "#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a> n., + <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">259</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Martin, Pope, <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">256</a>, <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">258</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page424">[pg 424]</span><a name= + "Pg424" id="Pg424" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Martyrium Church at Jerusalem, <a href="#Pg339" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">339</a>, <a href="#Pg340" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Martyrology,”</span> Bede's, <span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bede" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bede</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Martyrs, Church of the Four Crowned, Canterbury, <a href="#Pg099" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mary, the Virgin, <a href="#Pg264" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">264</a>, <a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">266</a>, <a href="#Pg355" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + churches of, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">224</a>, <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">339</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maserfelth, Battle of, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg154" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a>, <a href="#Pg155" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Masses, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg096" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg268" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">268</a>, <a href= + "#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269</a>, + <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">270</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Communion" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Communion</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Mason" id="Index-Mason" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mason, Dr., his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Mission of St. Augustine,”</span> editorial + references to, <a href="#Pgvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">vi</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Matthew, St., quoted, <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">100</a>, <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">101</a>, <a href="#Pg110" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">110</a>, <a href="#Pg126" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href= + "#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>, + <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">173</a>, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">200</a>, <a href="#Pg211" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>, <a href="#Pg371" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">371</a>, <a href= + "#Pg393" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Matthew of Westminster, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg345" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maurice, or Mauritius, Emperor, <a href="#Pg042" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a>, <a href="#Pg043" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href= + "#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, + <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">66</a>, <a href="#Pg068" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a>, <a href="#Pg071" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71</a>, <a href= + "#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, + <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">81</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maximian, surnamed Herculius, Emperor, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg014" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Maximus, Emperor in Britain, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">20</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Mayo" id="Index-Mayo" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mayo, Mageo or Muigeo, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">225</a> n., <a href="#Pg226" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mayor and Lumby's edition of Books III and IV of the <span class= + "tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical + History,”</span> editorial references to, <a href="#Pgvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">vi</a>, <a href="#Pgxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xx</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a> + n., <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">220</a> n., <a href="#Pg261" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mayor of the Palace, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ebroin" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ebroin</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ercinwald" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ercinwald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Meanware, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Meaux" id="Index-Meaux" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Meaux, or Maeldum, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">355</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Meaux, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Faro" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Faro</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Medeshamstead, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Peterborough" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Peterborough</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Medeshamstead, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Cuthbald-Medeshamstead" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Meilochon, father of Bridius, King of the Picts, <a href="#Pg142" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Meldi, the, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Melfont, or Mellifont, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Mellitus" id="Index-Mellitus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mellitus, Bishop of London and afterwards Archbishop of + Canterbury, sent by Gregory to Augustine, <a href="#Pgxxiv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, + <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">66</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg231" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">64</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + goes to Rome, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">93</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled by the East Saxons, takes refuge with Justus in Gaul, + <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href="#Pg182" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns from Gaul, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + succeeds Laurentius as Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="#Pg098" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98</a>, <a href= + "#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + suffers from gout, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death and burial, <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">99</a>, <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">100</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a>, <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">99</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Melrose" id="Index-Melrose" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Melrose, or Mailros, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg194" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg202" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202</a>, + <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a>, <a href="#Pg290" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">290</a>, <a href="#Pg318" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>, <a href="#Pg326" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">326</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Melrose, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eata" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eata</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelwald-Melrose" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelwald</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Provost of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Boisil" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Boisil</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Menapia, Belgium, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">13</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Meon, East and West, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Meonstoke, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mercia, history of, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, + <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, + <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">172</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href="#Pg226" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a>, + <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a>, + <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a> n., <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its conversion, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, + <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a> n., <a href="#Pg218" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a> n., + <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">272</a> n., + <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mercia, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Beornred" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Beornred</a>, + <a href="#Index-Cearl" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cearl</a>, <a href="#Index-Ceolred" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ceolred</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Coenred-Coinred" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Coenred</a>, <a href="#Index-Ethelbald" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ethelbald</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelred" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelred</a>, <a href="#Index-Offa-Mercia" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Offa</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Penda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Penda</a>, <a href="#Index-Wulfhere" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wulfhere</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mercia, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Aldwin-Worr" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aldwin</a>, <a href="#Index-Ceadda" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ceadda</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Jaruman" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Jaruman</a>, <a href="#Index-Sexwulf" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sexwulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wilfrid-St" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wilfrid</a>, <a href="#Index-Wynfrid" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wynfrid</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">and see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Mid-Anglia" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Mid-Anglia</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mercians, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Merivale, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg018" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">18</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Metals of Britain, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Metrical Art, the, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">217</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Mevanian" id="Index-Mevanian" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mevanian Islands (Man and Anglesea), conquered by Edwin, <a href= + "#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, + <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">102</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Michael, the Archangel, appears to Wilfrid in a dream, <a href= + "#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Mid-Anglia" id="Index-Mid-Anglia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mid-Anglia, conversion of, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>, + <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a>, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">181</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mid-Anglia and Mercia, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Diuma" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Diuma</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ceollach" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ceollach</a>, <a href="#Index-Trumhere" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Trumhere</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Middlesex, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Milan, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Milan, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Asterius-Genoa" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Asterius</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page425">[pg 425]</span><a name= + "Pg425" id="Pg425" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Millfield (perhaps Maelmin), <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Miracles, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxix</a>, <a href= + "#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a>, + <a href="#Pg233" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">233</a>, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">237</a>, <a href="#Pg238" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">238</a>, <a href="#Pg268" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">268</a>, <a href= + "#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269</a>, + <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">325</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Aidan, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">167</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Augustine, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">83</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Cedd, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">187</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Cuthbert, <a href="#Pg291" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">291</a>, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">292</a>, <a href="#Pg297" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">297</a>, <a href="#Pg300" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">300</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Earcongota, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a>, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">153</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Earconwald, <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Ethelthryth, <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">262</a>, <a href="#Pg263" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">263</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Ethelwald, <a href="#Pg301" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">301</a>, <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">302</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Haedde, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of the Hewalds, <a href="#Pg322" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">322</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of John of Beverley, <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">302-311</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Oswald, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">136</a>, <a href="#Pg137" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a>, <a href="#Pg138" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">138</a>, <a href= + "#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">154-160</a>, <a href="#Pg162" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162</a>, <a href="#Pg163" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href= + "#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">248</a>, + <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg250" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">250</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Paulinus, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">122</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Sebbi, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">240</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Miracles, Gregory on, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">68</a>, <a href="#Pg069" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">69</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Mission of St. + Augustine,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Mason" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Mason</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Moberly, his edition of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xx</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Moinenn, name for Ninias, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">141</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Moll" id="Index-Moll" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Moll, King of Northumbria, <a href="#Pg393" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Monasteries, in England, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in Gaul, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">151</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + double or mixed, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">151</a> n., <a href="#Pg177" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, + <a href="#Pg233" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">233</a>, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg283" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">283</a>, <a href= + "#Pg284" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">284</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + rules for, <a href="#Pg229" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">229</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + constitution of, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">142</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + hereditary succession in, <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">306</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Monasticon,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Dugdale" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Dugdale</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Monk, an ungodly, his wicked life and miserable death, <a href= + "#Pg334" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334</a>, + <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">335</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his visions of hell, <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">335</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Monophysite Heresy, the, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">254</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Monothelitism, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">214</a> n., <a href="#Pg254" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258</a>, + <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Monumenta + Historica Britannica,”</span> <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xx</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Moore, Bishop, his MS. of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xix</a>, + <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xx</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Moray Frith, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">360</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mopsuestia, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Theodore-Theodorus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Theodore</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Morgan, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Pelagius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Pelagius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Morini, The, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">9</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mosaic Law, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">198</a>, <a href="#Pg361" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">361</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Mount-Olives" id="Index-Mount-Olives" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mount of Olives, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">340</a>, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">341</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mount Sion, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">340</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Muigeo, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Mayo" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Mayo</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Mul" id="Index-Mul" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Mul, usurper in Kent, <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Music, Church, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">217</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg258" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258</a>, <a href= + "#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a> n., + <a href="#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">358</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + supernatural, <a href="#Pg221" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">221</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Naiton" id="Index-Naiton" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Naiton, or Nechtan mac Derili, King of the Picts, <a href= + "#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + adopts Catholic usages, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg374" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">374</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + asks Ceolfrid for advice and builders, <a href="#Pg359" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds a stone church, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expels the Columban clergy, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives Ceolfrid's letter, <a href="#Pg374" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">374</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Namur MS. of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> <a href= + "#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xix</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Naples, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">214</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nativity of our Lord, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Christmas" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Christmas</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nechtan mac Derili, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Naiton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Naiton</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Nechtansmere" id="Index-Nechtansmere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nechtansmere, or Dunnechtan, battle of, <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nendrum, or Inishmahee, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Cromanus" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cromanus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nennius, editorial references to, <a href="#Pg023" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a> n., + <a href="#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">188</a> n., <a href="#Pg189" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nero, Emperor, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">14</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Nestorius" id="Index-Nestorius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, his heresy, <a href="#Pg255" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Neustria, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Chilperic" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chilperic</a>, + <a href="#Index-Clothaire-III" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Clothaire III</a>, <a href="#Index-Clovis-II" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Clovis II</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Neustrians defeated by Pippin, <a href="#Pg320" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Newark, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Newcastle, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nicaea, Council of, <a href="#Pg019" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">19</a>, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href="#Pg198" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198</a>, <a href="#Pg227" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a>, + <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">369</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nicene Creed, <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">256</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nidd, Synod of the, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">385</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ninian" id="Index-Ninian" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ninian, Ninias or Moinenn, Bishop of Whitern, <a href="#Pg048" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mission to the Southern Picts, <a href="#Pg141" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Niridanum, monastery of, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">214</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nisan, the month, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg365" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">365</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nivelles, monastery of, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">177</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nola, Campania, <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">388</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nola, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Paulinus-Nola" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Paulinus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Norfolk, Bishopric of, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">231</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Norman + Conquest, The,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Freeman" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Freeman</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page426">[pg 426]</span><a name= + "Pg426" id="Pg426" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Northamptonshire, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href="#Pg180" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg268" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">268</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-North-Burton" id="Index-North-Burton" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + North Burton, <a href="#Pg308" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">308</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + North Pole, the, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Northumberland, <a href="#Pg004" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">4</a> n., <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">292</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Northumbria, Bede's acquaintance with its history, <a href= + "#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + history of, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">82</a> n., <a href="#Pg122" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a> n., + <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href="#Pg168" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168</a>, <a href="#Pg185" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>, <a href= + "#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a> n., + <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">204</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, + <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">352</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg393" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + establishment of Christianity in, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, + <a href="#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">104</a>, <a href="#Pg117" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">117</a>, <a href="#Pg118" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href="#Pg119" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>, <a href= + "#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>, + <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg139" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a>, <a href="#Pg381" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg003" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href= + "#Pg004" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a>, + <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">137</a> n., <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg242" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n., + <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg381" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Northumbria, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aldfrid" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aldfrid</a>, + <a href="#Index-Alfrid" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Alfrid,”</span></a> <a href="#Index-Aluchred" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aluchred</a>, + <a href="#Index-Ceolwulf" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ceolwulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Coenred-Northumbria" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Coenred</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Eadbert-Northumbria" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eadbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Eadwulf" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eadwulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Edwin" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Edwin</a>, <a href="#Index-Egfrid" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Egfrid</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelfrid" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelfrid</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelwald-Northumbria" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelwald</a>, <a href="#Index-Moll" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Moll</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Osred" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Osred</a>, <a href="#Index-Osric-Northumbria" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Osric</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Oswald" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Oswald</a>, <a href="#Index-Oswulf" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oswulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Oswy" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Oswy</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Northumbria, Bishop of, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">143</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + Bishops of <a href="#Index-Lindisfarne" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">Lindisfarne</a> and <a href= + "#Index-York" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">York</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Northumbrians, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + North Wales, <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">86</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Norwich, the diocese of, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href="#Pg231" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Nothelm" id="Index-Nothelm" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nothelm, Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="#Pgxxii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg002" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a>, <a href= + "#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his research, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">2</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his questions to Bede answered, <a href="#Pg387" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">387</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Nottinghamshire, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">115</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Numbers, quoted, <a href="#Pg362" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">362</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oak, the (possibly Augustine's Ác), <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Octa" id="Index-Octa" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Octa, grandfather of Ethelbert, King of Kent, <a href="#Pg095" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oder, the river, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oecumenical Councils, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Councils" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Councils</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oengus" id="Index-Oengus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oengus, Angus or Ungust, King of the Picts, son of Fergus, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a> n., <a href="#Pg393" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oeric" id="Index-Oeric" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oeric, Oisc, son of Hengist, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">95</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Offa-Essex" id="Index-Offa-Essex" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Offa, King of Essex, son of Sighere, his abdication and + pilgrimage to Rome, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">345</a> n., <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Offa-Mercia" id="Index-Offa-Mercia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Offa, King of Mercia, <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">18</a> n., <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Offerings at the Altar, divisions of, <a href="#Pg049" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg050" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">50</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oftfor" id="Index-Oftfor" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oftfor, Bishop of Worcester, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg274" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">274</a>, <a href="#Pg380" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oiddi, a priest of Wilfrid's, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oidilwald" id="Index-Oidilwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oidilwald, sub-king of Deira, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Ethelwald-Deira" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelwald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oil calms a storm, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">167</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oisc, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Oeric" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oeric</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oiscings, the, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">94</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Olivet, Mount, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Mount-Olives" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Mount of Olives</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Old Saxons, The, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">320</a>, <a href="#Pg321" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321</a>, <a href="#Pg322" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Old Sarum, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Opus Paschale, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Sedulius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sedulius</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Orcades, The, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Orkneys" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Orkneys</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ordination of bishops, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg050" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">50</a>, <a href="#Pg053" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">53</a>, <a href= + "#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">54</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Orkneys" id="Index-Orkneys" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Orkneys, The, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg142" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Orosius, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a> n., <a href="#Pg025" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Orthography, <a href="#Pg389" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">389</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Osfrid, son of Edwin, baptized, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain in battle, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">131</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his son, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Osred" id="Index-Osred" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Osred, King of Northumbria, after Aldfrid, <a href="#Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a>, + <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a> n., <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg357" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>, <a href= + "#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a> n., + <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">385</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + besieged in Bamborough by Eadwulf, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + killed in battle, <a href="#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">375</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Osric-Hwiccas" id="Index-Osric-Hwiccas" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Osric, sub-king of the Hwiccas, <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Osric-Deira" id="Index-Osric-Deira" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Osric, King of Deira after Edwin, son of Aelfric, <a href= + "#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a>, + <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">135</a>, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">164</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Osric-Northumbria" id="Index-Osric-Northumbria" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Osric, King of Northumbria after Coenred, <a href="#Pgxxxi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href= + "#Pg001" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">1</a> n., + <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href="#Pg375" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">375</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his parentage, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">378</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Osthryth, daughter of Oswy, wife of Ethelred, King of Mercia, + <a href="#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">267</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + her love for Bardney Monastery, <a href="#Pg157" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg158" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + murdered by her nobles, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page427">[pg 427]</span><a name= + "Pg427" id="Pg427" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oswald" id="Index-Oswald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oswald, King of Northumbria after Eanfrid and Osric, and sixth + Bretwalda, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg132" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href= + "#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>, + <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">185</a>, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">189</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + unites Bernicia and Deira, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg134" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg164" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + extent of his dominions, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">146</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mother, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">147</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his victory over Caedwalla at Hefenfelth, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg135" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + erects a cross at Hefenfelth, <a href="#Pg136" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + invites Aidan to restore Northumbria to Christianity, <a href= + "#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, + <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">138</a>, <a href="#Pg145" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptized, <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">138</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appoints Aidan Bishop of Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg138" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">138</a>, <a href="#Pg139" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relations with Cynegils, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + marries Cynegils' daughter, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + makes Birinus Bishop of Dorchester, <a href="#Pg148" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + finishes building St. Peter's, York, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his piety, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">136</a>, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">146</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg154" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a>, <a href= + "#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + church built in his honour, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">137</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + length of his reign, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">135</a>, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">154</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain at Maserfelth, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">137</a>, <a href="#Pg154" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a>, <a href="#Pg160" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a>, <a href= + "#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, + <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">164</a> n., <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial and translation of his remains, <a href="#Pg157" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg158" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158</a>, <a href= + "#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a>, + <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">161</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his arms miraculously preserved from corruption, <a href="#Pg147" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his posthumous miracles, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg154" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a>, <a href="#Pg155" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155</a>, <a href= + "#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156</a>, + <a href="#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">158</a>, <a href="#Pg159" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159</a>, <a href="#Pg160" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a>, <a href= + "#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a>, + <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">162</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + averts a pestilence by his posthumous prayers, <a href="#Pg248" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href= + "#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, + <a href="#Pg250" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">250</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + legend connected with his name, <a href="#Pg154" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + the day of his death celebrated, <a href="#Pg250" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">250</a>, <a href="#Pg251" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life + of,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Reginald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Reginald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oswalds-Tree" id="Index-Oswalds-Tree" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oswald's Tree, Oswestry, or Croes Oswallt (Cross Oswald), + <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">154</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oswin-Deira" id="Index-Oswin-Deira" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oswin, King of Deira, son of Osric, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg164" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href= + "#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a> n., + <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">185</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his love for Aidan, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">165</a>, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">166</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character and appearance, <a href="#Pg164" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href="#Pg165" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a>, <a href= + "#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his reign, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">164</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + murdered by Oswy, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">164</a>, <a href="#Pg166" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg191" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>, <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + monastery built in his memory, <a href="#Pg165" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oswin, an Aetheling, killed by Moll, <a href="#Pg393" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oswinthorp, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oswulf" id="Index-Oswulf" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oswulf, King of Northumbria, son of Eadbert, <a href="#Pg393" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">393</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oswy" id="Index-Oswy" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oswy, King of Bernicia and afterwards of Northumbria, seventh + Bretwalda, son of Ethelfrid, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, + <a href="#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">157</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href="#Pg201" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>, <a href="#Pg218" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href= + "#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a> n., + <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n., <a href="#Pg260" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a>, + <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + murders Oswin, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg164" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buries Oswald's head and arms, <a href="#Pg160" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a>, <a href="#Pg161" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his reign, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his dominions, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">219</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + attacks upon him, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his struggle with and defeat of Penda of Mercia, <a href="#Pg181" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>, <a href= + "#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a>, + <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a>, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg191" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>, <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + marries Eanfled, daughter of Edwin, <a href="#Pg167" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dedicates his daughter Elfled to a religious life, <a href= + "#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg188" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a>, <a href="#Pg189" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his daughter Alchfled married to Peada, son of Penda, <a href= + "#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, + <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Cedd to convert the East Saxons, <a href="#Pg182" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>, <a href="#Pg183" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + endows monasteries, <a href="#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">188</a>, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">189</a>, <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg191" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + instructed by the Scots, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">194</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converted to Catholic usages, <a href="#Pg200" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200</a>, <a href="#Pg201" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>, <a href= + "#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Whitby Synod, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">200</a>, <a href="#Pg201" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg202" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">202</a>, <a href="#Pg203" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">203</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Ceadda into Kent, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">207</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his conference with Egbert, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">208</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Wighard to Rome, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">208</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his treatment of Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">350</a>, <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Pope Vitalian's letter to, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">208</a>, <a href="#Pg209" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">209</a>, <a href="#Pg210" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a>, <a href= + "#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + intends to go to Rome, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">226</a>, <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sickness and death, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">226</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Whitby, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">190</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Othona, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">183</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ouestraefelda" id="Index-Ouestraefelda" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ouestraefelda (Estrefeld), Aetswinapathe, or Edwins-path, Synod + of, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Oundle" id="Index-Oundle" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oundle, or Inundalum, Monastery at, <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a>, <a href="#Pg356" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oundle, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Cuthbald-Cudwald" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ovid, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg264" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">264</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Owini, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg221" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">221</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his narrative of Ceadda's death, <a href="#Pg221" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">221</a>, <a href="#Pg222" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">222</a>, <a href= + "#Pg223" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">223</a>, + <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">224</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oxford, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a> n., <a href="#Pg260" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Oxford, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Paget" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Paget</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page428">[pg 428]</span><a name= + "Pg428" id="Pg428" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Padda, a priest of Wilfrid's, <a href="#Pg245" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paegnalaech, or Paegnalech, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg204" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Paget" id="Index-Paget" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paget, Dr., Bishop of Oxford, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Studies in the Christian Character,”</span> + quoted, <a href="#Pgxxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxviii</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Palestine, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">338</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pall, the, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49</a> n., <a href="#Pg054" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">54</a>, <a href="#Pg100" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">100</a>, <a href= + "#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101</a>, + <a href="#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">124</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, + <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">390</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Palladius" id="Index-Palladius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Palladius, Bishop, sent by Pope Celestine to the Christian Irish, + <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg026" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>, <a href="#Pg027" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">27</a>, <a href= + "#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a> n., + <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">382</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">383</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pallinsburn, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Palsy, girl miraculously cured of the, <a href="#Pg155" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pamphilus, Martyr, <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">369</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pancras, or Pancratius, St., <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">210</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pant, The River, afterwards the Blackwater, <a href="#Pg183" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pantheon, The, given by Phocas to the Church, <a href="#Pg093" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paris, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paris, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Charibert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Charibert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paris, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Agilbert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Agilbert</a>, + <a href="#Index-Importunus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Importunus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Parker, editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg048" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Parochial system, The, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">183</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Partney" id="Index-Partney" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Partney, or Peartaneu Monastery, <a href="#Pg123" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Partney, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Aldwin-Partney" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aldwin</a>, <a href="#Index-Deda" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Deda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paschal, Pope, <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paschal Controversy, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Easter-Controversy" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Easter</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paschal Cycles, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Cycles" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cycles</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Passover and Easter, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg361" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">361</a>, <a href="#Pg362" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">362</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">et seq.</span></span> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Pastoral Care, + The,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Gregory-Great" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Gregory</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Patriarchs, The, their tonsure, <a href="#Pg370" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Patriarchs' tombs, The, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">341</a>, <a href="#Pg342" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Patrick, St., Missionary to the Irish, <a href="#Pg027" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">27</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg048" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paul, St., <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg196" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg197" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">197</a>, <a href= + "#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a>, + <a href="#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">211</a>, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">240</a>, <a href="#Pg265" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + quoted, xli, <a href="#Pg060" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">60</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tonsure, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appears to a Saxon boy, <a href="#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg250" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">250</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paul a Martyr, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">210</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paul the Deacon, his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Life of Gregory,”</span> <a href="#Pg075" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Paulinus-York" id="Index-Paulinus-York" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paulinus, Archbishop of York, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg118" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href= + "#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>, + <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sent by Gregory to Augustine, <a href="#Pg064" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg383" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + goes to Northumbria with Queen Ethelberg, <a href="#Pg102" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg103" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his conversion of Edwin, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg104" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>, <a href="#Pg112" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href= + "#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>, + <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">116</a>, <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg271" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts the Northumbrians, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg120" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>, <a href="#Pg124" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his ordination, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">105</a> n., <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + baptizes Edwin's daughter Eanfled, <a href="#Pg104" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">104</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + teaches and baptizes in Northumbria, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>, <a href="#Pg120" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + preaches in Lindsey, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">123</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts Blaecca of Lincoln, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">122</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds St. Paul's, Lincoln, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">122</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates Honorius, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">126</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his appearance, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + receives the pall from Pope Honorius, <a href="#Pg124" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>, <a href="#Pg125" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts Osric, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">134</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts Hilda, <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">271</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + on Edwin's death takes Ethelberg and her children back to Kent, + <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg384" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made Bishop of Rochester, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death and burial, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Paulinus-Nola" id="Index-Paulinus-Nola" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, his poems, <a href="#Pg388" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">388</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Peada" id="Index-Peada" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peada, son of Penda, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg231" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his conversion, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a>, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made King of the South Mercians by Oswy, <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, + <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + marries Oswy's daughter Alchfled, <a href="#Pg180" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain by the treachery of his wife, <a href="#Pg191" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peanfahel, or Penneltun, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">24</a>, <a href="#Pg025" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pearls of various colours, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peartaneu, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Partney" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Partney</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Pechthelm" id="Index-Pechthelm" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pechthelm, Bishop of Whitern, <a href="#Pg334" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334</a>, <a href="#Pg343" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a>, <a href= + "#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n., + <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">381</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pelagians, The, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg128" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href= + "#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a>, + <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">368</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in Britain, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a>, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">32</a>, <a href="#Pg039" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">39</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the conference of St. Albans, <a href="#Pg034" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">34</a>, <a href="#Pg035" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">35</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their teachers confuted and expelled by Germanus, <a href= + "#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, + <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pelagius II, Pope, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">83</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Pelagius" id="Index-Pelagius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pelagius, the heretic, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">20</a>, <a href="#Pg021" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">21</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a> n., + <a href="#Pg035" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">35</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his doctrine, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + refuted by St. Augustine, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">21</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page429">[pg 429]</span><a name= + "Pg429" id="Pg429" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Penda" id="Index-Penda" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Penda, King of Mercia, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>, + <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">190</a> n., <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his war against Edwin, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + treacherously slays Eadfrid, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">131</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his attitude towards Christianity, <a href="#Pg131" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg181" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his sister married to and divorced by Coinwalch, <a href="#Pg149" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + deprives Coinwalch of his kingdom, <a href="#Pg149" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills Oswald, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">154</a>, <a href="#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">188</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills Sigbert and Ecgric in battle, <a href="#Pg172" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquers Lindsey, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + invades and ravages Northumbria, <a href="#Pg168" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168</a>, <a href="#Pg169" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169</a>, <a href= + "#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + attempts to burn Bamborough, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">168</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burns the church where Aidan died, <a href="#Pg170" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his children, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + slain by Oswy at the Battle of Winwaed, <a href="#Pg181" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>, <a href="#Pg188" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a>, <a href= + "#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a>, + <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pentecost, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Whitsuntide" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Whitsuntide</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Perctarit" id="Index-Perctarit" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Perctarit, King of the Lombards, <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Perrona, or Péronne, Church at, <a href="#Pg178" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Monastery of, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">177</a> n., <a href="#Pg178" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Péronne, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ultan" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ultan</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Persia, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Chosroes" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Chosroes</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peter, St., <a href="#Pg071" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">71</a>, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg109" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">109</a>, <a href= + "#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>, + <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">200</a>, <a href="#Pg201" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>, <a href="#Pg210" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a>, <a href= + "#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>, + <a href="#Pg304" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">304</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg372" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372</a>, <a href="#Pg373" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">373</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tomb, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">54</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the Church of Rome, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">91</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + said to have consecrated Clement, <a href="#Pg091" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his observance of Easter, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">198</a>, <a href="#Pg364" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">364</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + monastery dedicated to, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">231</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appears in a vision to a Saxon boy, <a href="#Pg248" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href="#Pg249" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href= + "#Pg250" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">250</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his wife's mother, <a href="#Pg308" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">308</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + church built by Naiton dedicated to, <a href="#Pg360" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + preaching at Rome, <a href="#Pg364" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">364</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tonsure, <a href="#Pg371" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">371</a>, <a href="#Pg374" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">374</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peter, Gregory's Deacon, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Peter-Augustines" id="Index-Peter-Augustines" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peter, first Abbot of St. Augustine's Monastery, <a href="#Pg049" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href= + "#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, + <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">73</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peter, name given to Caedwalla in his baptism, <a href="#Pg312" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>, <a href= + "#Pg313" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">313</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Peterborough" id="Index-Peterborough" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peterborough, or Medeshamstead, Monastery founded by Sexwulf, + <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Peterborough, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Cuthbald-Medeshamstead" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbald</a>, <a href="#Index-Sexwulf" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sexwulf</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Phase, or Passover, <a href="#Pg362" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">362</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Philippians, + Epistle to the,”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg144" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Phocas, Emperor, <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">42</a> n., <a href="#Pg074" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href="#Pg081" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href= + "#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Phrygia, <a href="#Pg078" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">78</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Picardy, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pickering, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">3</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Picts, the, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg007" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">7</a>, <a href="#Pg009" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href= + "#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205</a>, + <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">385</a>, <a href="#Pg391" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their law of succession, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">8</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their incursions, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a>, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">8</a>, <a href="#Pg020" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">20</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, + <a href="#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">26</a>, <a href="#Pg028" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">28</a>, <a href="#Pg030" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + subdued by Oswy and made subject to Northumbria, <a href="#Pg094" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href= + "#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>, + <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">381</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + regain their Independence, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href="#Pg286" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href="#Pg381" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeat Egfrid at Nechtansmere, <a href="#Pg285" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at peace with the English, <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">381</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their conversion, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">141</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a> n., <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + attitude towards Easter question, <a href="#Pg196" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg359" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>, <a href= + "#Pg374" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">374</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Picts, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bridius" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bridius</a>, + <a href="#Index-Bruide-Mac-Bili" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Bruide Mac Bili</a>, <a href="#Index-Naiton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Naiton</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Oengus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Oengus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Picts, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Trumwine" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Trumwine</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pilgrimages, <a href="#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">294</a> n., <a href="#Pg312" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>, <a href="#Pg313" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">313</a>, <a href= + "#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>, + <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pilgrim of Bordeaux, The, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">340</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pincahala, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Pippin-Heristal" id="Index-Pippin-Heristal" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pippin of Heristal, Duke of the Franks, account of, <a href= + "#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his kindness to Wilbrord, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">320</a>, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buries the Hewalds, <a href="#Pg322" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">322</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + gives Suidbert land for a monastery at Inlitore, <a href="#Pg324" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Pippin-Short" id="Index-Pippin-Short" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pippin the Short, King of the Franks, son of Charles Martel, + grandson of Pippin of Heristal, <a href="#Pg320" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>, + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Placidia, Mother of Valentinian, <a href="#Pg041" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Plague, The, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>, + <a href="#Pg028" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">28</a>, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">162</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a>, + <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">187</a>, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">201</a> n., <a href="#Pg203" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203</a>, <a href="#Pg204" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a>, <a href= + "#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, + <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg233" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">233</a>, <a href="#Pg234" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">234</a>, <a href= + "#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">237</a> n., + <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a> n., <a href="#Pg289" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">289</a>, <a href="#Pg350" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Plato, quoted, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">360</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Plectrude, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Blithryda" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Blithryda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pliny, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Plummer" id="Index-Plummer" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Plummer, editorial references to his edition of the <span class= + "tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical + History”</span> and Historical Works of Bede, <a href="#Pgv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">v</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xix</a>, + <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xx</a>, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">2</a> n., <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page430">[pg 430]</span><a name="Pg430" id="Pg430" class= + "tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a> <a href="#Pg013" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a> n., + <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">68</a> n., <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a> n., + <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">226</a> n., <a href="#Pg277" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">277</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a> n., + <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">324</a> n., <a href="#Pg326" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">326</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg387" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">387</a> n., + <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">390</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Poetry, English Religious, <a href="#Pg277" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">277</a>, <a href="#Pg278" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">278</a>, <a href="#Pg279" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">279</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Latin, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">246</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Poitiers, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Fortunatus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Fortunatus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pontifical System of Indictions, The, <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Pontus, The, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Praetorian Guards, The, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">14</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Praise of + Virgins, The,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Fortunatus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Fortunatus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Priestfield, Rochester, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Primacy, The, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg066" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Priscilla, <a href="#Pg197" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">197</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Promised Land, The, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">338</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Prosper" id="Index-Prosper" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Prosper of Aquitaine, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg033" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + quoted, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Prosper Tiro, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Psalms, + The,”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">101</a>, <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">107</a>, <a href="#Pg174" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a>, <a href="#Pg223" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">223</a>, <a href= + "#Pg334" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Puch, a thegn, his wife healed by John of Beverley, <a href= + "#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307</a>, + <a href="#Pg308" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">308</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Putta-Rochester" id="Index-Putta-Rochester" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Putta, Bishop of Rochester, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Hertford Synod, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">228</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + leaves Rochester for Mercia, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">242</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his unworldliness, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">242</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + teaches Church music, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">242</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">242</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Putta-Hereford" id="Index-Putta-Hereford" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Putta, Bishop of Hereford, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">218</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Purgatory, <a href="#Pg326" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">326</a>, <a href="#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">327</a>, <a href="#Pg329" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">329</a>, <a href="#Pg330" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">330</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Quartodecimans, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg129" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143</a> n., + <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">196</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Quenburga, daughter of Cearl, first wife of Edwin, <a href= + "#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Quentavic, Quentae vicus, or Etaples, <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Etaples" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Etaples</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Quodvultdeus, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Quoenburg, daughter of Heriburg, healed by the prayers of Bishop + John of Beverley, <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">305-307</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Racuulfe, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Reculver-Racuulfe" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Reculver</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Raedfrid, Egbert's reeve, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Raegenheri, son of Redwald, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">115</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rameses, <a href="#Pg362" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">362</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ramsbury, Diocese of, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rathbed, King of Frisland, <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">319</a>, <a href="#Pg320" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rathmelsigi, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">204</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ravenna, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rebecca's Tomb, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a> n., <a href="#Pg342" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Reculver-Racuulfe" id="Index-Reculver-Racuulfe" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reculver or Racuulfe, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg315" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reculver, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bertwald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bertwald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Redbridge" id="Index-Redbridge" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Redbridge, Ford of Reeds, or Hreutford, Monastery of, <a href= + "#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Redbridge, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Cynibert-Redbridge" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cynibert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Redger" id="Index-Redger" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Redger, Archbishop of Maintz, <a href="#Pg392" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Redwald" id="Index-Redwald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Redwald, King of the East Angles, fourth Bretwalda, <a href= + "#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, + <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">120</a>, <a href="#Pg171" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his protection of Edwin, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">112-115</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + leads an army against Ethelfrid, <a href="#Pg115" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + banishes Sigbert, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his conversion and perversion, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his genealogy, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his Queen, <a href="#Pg114" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">114</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Reeves" id="Index-Reeves" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reeves, Dr., editorial reference to his <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Culdees,”</span> <a href="#Pg023" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + to his edition of Adamnan's <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Life of St. Columba,”</span> <a href="#Pg140" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Reginald" id="Index-Reginald" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reginald of Durham, editorial references to his <span class= + "tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life of St. Oswald,”</span> + <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a> n., <a href="#Pg154" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Religious Orders, <a href="#Pg202" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">202</a>, <a href="#Pg203" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">203</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rendlesham, Rendlaesham or Rendil's Dwelling, <a href="#Pg185" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reppington, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Repton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Repton</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reptacaestir, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Richborough" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Richborough</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reptiles, their absence from Ireland, <a href="#Pg008" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">8</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Repton" id="Index-Repton" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Repton or Reppington, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Responsa, Gregory's, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Gregory-Great" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Gregory's Answers</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Restennet, near Forfar, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">360</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Resurrection, Doctrine of the, <a href="#Pg078" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Retford, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">115</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Reuda" id="Index-Reuda" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Reuda, leader of the Scots, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">8</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rhine, the River, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg322" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a>, <a href="#Pg324" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rhŷs, Dr., editorial references to his <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Celtic Britain,”</span> vi, <a href= + "#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">7</a> n., + <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a> n., <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">23</a> n., <a href="#Pg029" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a> n., + <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">86</a> n., <a href="#Pg317" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page431">[pg 431]</span><a name= + "Pg431" id="Pg431" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Riada, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Reuda" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Reuda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Richard of Hexham, editorial references to, <a href="#Pg244" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Richborough" id="Index-Richborough" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Richborough, Reptacaestir or Rutubi Portus, Kent, <a href= + "#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>, + <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Richmond, Yorks., <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ricula, sister of Ethelbert, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">89</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ricbert kills Earpwald, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">121</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ripon" id="Index-Ripon" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ripon, or Inhrypum, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Monastery of, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">161</a> n., <a href="#Pg194" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a>, <a href="#Pg218" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, + <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n., <a href="#Pg295" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">295</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg301" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">301</a>, + <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">320</a> n., <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a>, <a href="#Pg350" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a>, <a href= + "#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n., + <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ripon, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eadhaed" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eadhaed</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ripon, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Wilfrid-St" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wilfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ritual, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">85</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Rochester" id="Index-Rochester" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rochester, Dorubrevis, Hrofaescaestrae or The Kentish Castle, + <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">228</a>, <a href="#Pg229" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rochester, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Aldwulf-Rochester" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aldwulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Cuichelm-Rochester" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuichelm</a>, <a href="#Index-Damian" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Damian</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Gebmund" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Gebmund</a>, <a href="#Index-Ithamar" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ithamar</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Justus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Justus</a>, <a href="#Index-Paulinus-York" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Paulinus</a>, + <a href="#Index-Putta-Rochester" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Putta</a>, <a href="#Index-Romanus-Rochester" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Romanus</a>, + <a href="#Index-Tobias" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Tobias</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Roger of Wendover, editorial references to, <a href="#Pg252" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg321" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Roman Law, <a href="#Pg052" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">52</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Roman remains at Grantchester, <a href="#Pg261" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Romans, The, in Britain, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg009" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9-23</a>, <a href="#Pg025" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a>, <a href= + "#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>, + <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">382</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Rome" id="Index-Rome" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rome, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg054" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">54</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg078" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78</a>, + <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg099" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a> n., + <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">161</a>, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">194</a>, <a href="#Pg196" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">196</a>, <a href="#Pg214" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>, <a href= + "#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a>, + <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a>, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg257" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a>, <a href="#Pg273" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href= + "#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>, + <a href="#Pg313" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">313</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>, <a href="#Pg343" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>, + <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">351</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg358" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358</a>, <a href= + "#Pg364" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">364</a>, + <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">368</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bede's alleged visit to, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxxvi</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + taken by the Goths, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">382</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Apostolic see of, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">83</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + councils held at, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">254</a> n., <a href="#Pg256" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>, <a href="#Pg258" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258</a>, <a href= + "#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a>, + <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">353</a> n., <a href="#Pg354" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Romanus-Rochester" id="Index-Romanus-Rochester" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Romanus, Bishop of Rochester after Justus, <a href="#Pg100" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">100</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + drowned on his way to Rome, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Romanus, a priest of Queen Eanfled's, <a href="#Pg193" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193</a>, <a href="#Pg195" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Romulus, <a href="#Pg313" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">313</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Romulus Augustulus, Emperor, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">41</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ronan, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">193</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rosemarkie, on the Moray Frith, <a href="#Pg360" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rowley Water, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">135</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Rufinianus" id="Index-Rufinianus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rufinianus, Abbot of St. Augustine's Monastery, <a href="#Pg064" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rügen, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rügenwalde, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rugii, the, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rugini, the, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Rutubi Portus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Richborough" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Richborough</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Saba" id="Index-Saba" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saba, or Sabert, King of Essex, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg089" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href= + "#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, + <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his pagan sons, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">96</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg095" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sacrarium, Signification of, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">158</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sacrilege" id="Index-Sacrilege" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sacrilege, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg052" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">52</a>, <a href="#Pg095" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sacrifice of Animals, <a href="#Pg067" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">67</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Saethryth" id="Index-Saethryth" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saethryth, Abbess of Brige, step-daughter of Anna, <a href= + "#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a> n., + <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saewulf, quoted, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Abb's Head, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">260</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Agnes' Convent, Rome, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">54</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-St-Albans" id="Index-St-Albans" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Alban's, Vaeclingacaestir, Verlamacaestir, or Verulam, + <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">18</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Monastery of, <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">18</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conference at, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">34</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Amphibalus, Church of, at Winchester, <a href="#Pg149" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Andrew's Church, Hexham, <a href="#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">358</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Andrew's, Rochester, built by Ethelbert, <a href="#Pg089" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href= + "#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, + <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a>, <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">378</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Andrew's Monastery, Rome, <a href="#Pg042" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Audrey's Fair, Ely, <a href="#Pg263" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">263</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Audrey's Lace, or Tawdry Lace, <a href="#Pg263" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-St-Augustines" id="Index-St-Augustines" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Augustine's Monastery, (Monastery of SS. Peter and Paul), + founded by Augustine, at Canterbury, <a href="#Pgxxx" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg002" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a> n., + <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>, + <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Augustine and subsequent archbishops buried there, <a href= + "#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, + <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a>, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg391" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Augustine's, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Albinus" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Albinus</a>, + <a href="#Index-Benedict-Biscop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Benedict</a>, <a href="#Index-Hadrian-Abbot" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hadrian</a>, + <a href="#Index-Peter-Augustines" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Peter</a>, <a href="#Index-Rufinianus" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Rufinianus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Bees, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Boswells, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">288</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page432">[pg 432]</span><a name= + "Pg432" id="Pg432" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Cecilia in Trastevere, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Cunibert's Church, Cologne, <a href="#Pg322" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Ebbe's Church, Oxford, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Gallen, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">75</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its MS. of Cuthbert's Letter to Cuthwin, <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Cuthbert-Wearmouth" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Gregory's Chapel in St. Peter's, York, <a href="#Pg131" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Herbert's Island, Derwentwater, <a href="#Pg294" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">294</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. John's Lee, Hexham, <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">303</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Lawrence's Church, Bradford-on-Avon, <a href="#Pg210" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Martin of Tours, <a href="#Pg048" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">141</a>, <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Martin's Church, Canterbury, <a href="#Pg048" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg051" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Martin's Church, Tours, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">259</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Martin's Church, Utrecht, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Martin's Church, Whitern, <a href="#Pg141" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Martin's Monastery, Rome, <a href="#Pg257" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a>, <a href="#Pg259" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Martin's, Rome, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-John-Precentor" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">John</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Mary's Church, Bethlehem, <a href="#Pg339" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">339</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Mary's Church, Lichfield, <a href="#Pg224" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Michael's Church, Malmesbury, <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Michael's Oratory, Erneshow, <a href="#Pg303" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Oswald's, near Hexham, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">137</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Pancras Church, Canterbury, <a href="#Pg210" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Paul's Cathedral, London, <a href="#Pg089" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg240" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">240</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Paul's Church, Rome, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">81</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Peter, the patrimony of, in Gaul, <a href="#Pg044" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Peter's Church, Bamborough, <a href="#Pg147" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Peter's Church, Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg169" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169</a>, <a href="#Pg192" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>, <a href= + "#Pg295" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">295</a>, + <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">302</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Peter's Church, Ripon, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Peter's, Rome, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">257</a>, <a href="#Pg313" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">313</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Peter's Church, Whitby, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">190</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Peter's Church, York, now York Minster, <a href="#Pg118" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href= + "#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + SS. Peter and Paul, Church and Monastery of, Canterbury, <a href= + "#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, + <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">98</a> n., <a href="#Pg314" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-St-Augustines" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">St. Augustine's</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + SS. Peter and Paul, Church of, at Dorchester, <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + SS. Peter and Paul, Church of, at Winchester, <a href="#Pg149" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + SS. Peter and Paul, monastery of, at Wearmouth and Jarrow, + <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">386</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Wearmouth-Jarrow" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wearmouth</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Saviour's Church, Utrecht, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + St. Stephen's Church, Faremoûtier-en-Brie, <a href="#Pg153" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Santi Quattro Coronati, Church of, at Rome, <a href="#Pg099" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + S. Lorenzo fuori le Mura, Rome, <a href="#Pg210" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saracens, The, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>; origin of, <a href="#Pg378" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">378</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sarah's Tomb, <a href="#Pg341" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">341</a> n., <a href="#Pg342" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saranus, or Saran Ua Critain, Irish Ecclesiastic, <a href= + "#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saul, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg387" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">387</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saxon, the name, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Saxon + Chronicle, The,”</span> editorial references to, <a href="#Pg125" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n., + <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">241</a> n., <a href="#Pg342" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saxons, The, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + called in to help the Britons, <a href="#Pg029" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquer Britain, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg031" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">31</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + settled in Britain, <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">37</a>, <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">42</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Saxony, Old, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scandinavia, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a> n., <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scarborough, <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">275</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scarlet Dye made from snails, <a href="#Pg005" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scellanus, Irish priest, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Schleswig, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Schools, founded by Sigbert, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in Gaul, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href="#Pg172" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in Kent, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href="#Pg172" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scotland, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ireland" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ireland</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scottia, signification of, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scottish Language, <a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scots, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, Irish, <a href= + "#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg007" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">7</a>, <a href= + "#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">8</a>, + <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg191" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + incursions of, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a> n., <a href="#Pg023" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg026" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Christianity among, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a>, <a href="#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">26</a>, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page433">[pg 433]</span><a name="Pg433" id="Pg433" class= + "tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a> <a href="#Pg027" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">27</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + their observance of Easter, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg128" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href= + "#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled from England, <a href="#Pg028" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">28</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg074" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href= + "#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Dalriada, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg142" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, + <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">381</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scots, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aedan" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aedan</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Conall" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Conall</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scott, Sir W., editorial reference to his <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Antiquary,”</span> <a href="#Pg025" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scylla, <a href="#Pg365" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">365</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Scythia, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Seals in Britain, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sebbi" id="Index-Sebbi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sebbi, Joint King of Essex, brother of Sigbert the Little, + <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg232" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a>, <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his piety, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">238</a>, <a href="#Pg239" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">239</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his queen, <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">238</a>, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">240</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + retires into a monastery, <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">238</a>, <a href="#Pg239" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">239</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his vision, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">239</a>, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">240</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">239</a>, <a href="#Pg240" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">240</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">240</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + posthumous miracle, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">240</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sedulius" id="Index-Sedulius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sedulius, author of <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Carmen Paschale,”</span> and <span class= + "tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Opus Paschale,”</span> + <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">344</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Segeni" id="Index-Segeni" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Segeni, Abbot of Iona, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">144</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Segenus, Irish priest, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Selaeseu, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Selsey" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Selsey</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Selred, King of the East Saxons, <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Selsey" id="Index-Selsey" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Selsey, Selaeseu, or the Island of the Sea-calf, monastery at, + <a href="#Pg247" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">247</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">251</a> n., <a href="#Pg345" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg379" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Selsey, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Eadbert-Selsey" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eadbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Eolla" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eolla</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Sigfrid" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Sigfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Selsey, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eappa" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eappa</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Eadbert-Selsey" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Eadbert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Senlis, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Liudhard" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Liudhard</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Senones, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sens, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Emme" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Emme</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wulfram" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wulfram</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sepulchre, The Holy, <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">339</a>, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">340</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sergius I, Pope, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg312" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312</a>, <a href="#Pg313" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">313</a>, <a href= + "#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>, + <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">323</a>, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Serpent, the Devil, <a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">266</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Severianus, St., <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">99</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Severianus, Pelagian Bishop, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">32</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Severinus, Pope, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">128</a>, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">129</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Severn, The river, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Severus, Emperor, divides Britain by a rampart, <a href="#Pg012" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>, <a href= + "#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>, + <a href="#Pg025" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">25</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">382</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his government of Britain, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">12</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">13</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Severus-Treves" id="Index-Severus-Treves" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Severus, Bishop of Trèves, accompanies Germanus to Britain, + <a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">39</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">40</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sexbald of Essex, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">184</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sexburg-Anna" id="Index-Sexburg-Anna" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sexburg, daughter of Anna, wife of Earconbert, <a href="#Pg149" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a>, + <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">269</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Abbess of Ely and of Sheppey, <a href="#Pg261" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + acts as regent, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">261</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + translates Ethelthryth's bones, <a href="#Pg261" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261</a>, <a href="#Pg262" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sexburg, wife of Coinwalch, reigns in Wessex, <a href="#Pg241" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sexwulf" id="Index-Sexwulf" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sexwulf, Abbot of Medeshamstead, afterwards Bishop of Mercia, in + place of Wynfrid, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">218</a> n., <a href="#Pg231" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a>, <a href="#Pg242" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href= + "#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, + <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">356</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled from Mercia, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sheppey, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">261</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sheppey, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Ermingild" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ermingild</a>, + <a href="#Index-Sexburg-Anna" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Sexburg</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sherborne, Diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sherborne, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aldhelm" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aldhelm</a>, + <a href="#Index-Forthere-Sherborne" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Forthere</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sidnacaestir, <a href="#Pg004" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">4</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">243</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sigbert-Anglia" id="Index-Sigbert-Anglia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sigbert, King of East Anglia, half-brother to Earpwald, <a href= + "#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxv</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg171" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a>, <a href="#Pg182" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + driven into exile by Redwald, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns home, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + restores Christianity in East Anglia, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his piety and good works, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">171</a>, <a href="#Pg172" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + abdicates and retires into a monastery, <a href="#Pg172" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + drawn out to lead his people against the Mercians, and killed in + battle, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">172</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sigbert-Good" id="Index-Sigbert-Good" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sigbert the Good, King of Essex, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>, + <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">183</a>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">184</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sigbert the Little, King of Essex, <a href="#Pg182" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>, <a href="#Pg212" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sigfrid" id="Index-Sigfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sigfrid, Bishop of Selsey, <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">345</a> n., <a href="#Pg390" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sighard" id="Index-Sighard" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sighard, King of Essex, son of Sebbi, reigns jointly with his + brother Suefred, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">240</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sighere" id="Index-Sighere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sighere, Joint King of Essex, son of Sigbert the Little, <a href= + "#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, + <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page434">[pg 434]</span><a name= + "Pg434" id="Pg434" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Simeon of Durham, editorial references to, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xl</a>, + <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n., <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a> n., + <a href="#Pg294" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">294</a> n., <a href="#Pg295" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">295</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg309" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">309</a> n., + <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325</a> n., <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Simoniacs, <a href="#Pg372" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">372</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Simon Magus, his tonsure, <a href="#Pg371" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">371</a>, <a href="#Pg372" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372</a>, <a href="#Pg373" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">373</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sinai, Mount, <a href="#Pg060" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">60</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sirmium, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sister-in-law, marriage with a, <a href="#Pg052" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">52</a>, <a href="#Pg053" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">53</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Skene" id="Index-Skene" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Skene, editorial references to his <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Celtic Scotland,”</span> <a href="#Pg032" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a> n., + <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">140</a>, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">325</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Slack (perhaps Campodonum), <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Slave Market at Rome, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">82</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Slaves, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">82</a>, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">145</a>, <a href="#Pg202" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">248</a>, + <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">349</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Smith, his edition of the <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> editorial + references to, <a href="#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xix</a>, <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xx</a>, <a href="#Pg125" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">303</a> n., + <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">305</a> n., <a href="#Pg322" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Snails, dye made from, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Snakes, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Soissons, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">194</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Solent" id="Index-Solent" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Solent, or Solvente, The, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">253</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Solinus, <a href="#Pgxxii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Solvente, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Solent" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Solent</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Solway, The, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">13</a> n., <a href="#Pg136" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Somerset, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Southampton, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">252</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Southampton Water, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + South Brabant, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">177</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-South-Burton" id="Index-South-Burton" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + South Burton, now Bishop Burton, <a href="#Pg307" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + South Downs, the, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Southern Gyrwas, locality of, <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ealdorman of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Tondbert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Tondbert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + South Mercia, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Peada" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Peada</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + South Saxons, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Selsey" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Selsey</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kingdom of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Sussex" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sussex</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + South Wales, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Southwell, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Spain, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">7</a>, <a href="#Pg019" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Church of, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">87</a> n., <a href="#Pg256" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Springs, salt and hot, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg006" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">6</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Staffordshire, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">267</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stamford, Lincs., <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">350</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stamford Bridge, Yorks., <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">350</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stanford, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">350</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stapleton, Thomas, his translation of the <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> + <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxi</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">249</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stephen, St., <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">153</a>, <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">335</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stephen III, Pope, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">324</a> n., <a href="#Pg392" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stephen, surname of Eddius, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">217</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stepmother, marriage with a, <a href="#Pg052" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">52</a>, <a href="#Pg053" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">53</a>, <a href="#Pg095" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href= + "#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stevens, John, his translation of the <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> + <a href="#Pgv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">v</a>, <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxi</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Stevenson" id="Index-Stevenson" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stevenson, editorial references to his edition of the + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical + History,”</span> <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xx</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + to his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Church + Historians,”</span> <a href="#Pgxl" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xl</a>, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">246</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stevenson, W. H., editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg032" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stigmata, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">176</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Stokes" id="Index-Stokes" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stokes, Margaret, editorial reference to her <span class= + "tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Three Months in the Forests + of France,”</span> <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">173</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stonar, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stone, used in building churches, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>, <a href="#Pg141" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141</a>, <a href= + "#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a>, + <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">359</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Stoneham" id="Index-Stoneham" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stoneham, or At the Stone, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">252</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stour, the river, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stow, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Strathclyde, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">141</a> n., <a href="#Pg286" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325</a> n., + <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">336</a> n., <a href="#Pg392" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Streanaeshalch, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>, and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Whitby-Bay" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Whitby</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Stubbs, editorial references to his <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Constitutional History,”</span> + <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">267</a> n., <a href="#Pg321" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + to his articles in <span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Dictionary of Christian Biography,”</span> + <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">237</a> n., <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Haddan-Stubbs" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Haddan and Stubbs</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Studies in the + Christian Character,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Paget" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Paget</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Suaebhard" id="Index-Suaebhard" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Suaebhard, Joint King of Kent, <a href="#Pg240" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">240</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a> n., + <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">315</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">316</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sudergeona (Surrey), <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Suefred" id="Index-Suefred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Suefred, or Swefred, King of Essex, son of Sebbi, reigns jointly + with his brother Sighard, <a href="#Pg240" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">240</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + grants land at Twickenham to Waldhere, <a href="#Pg239" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">239</a> n. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page435">[pg 435]</span><a name= + "Pg435" id="Pg435" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Suevi, the, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Suffolk, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">112</a> n., <a href="#Pg122" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a> n., + <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">185</a> n., <a href="#Pg266" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">266</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + bishopric of, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Suidbert-Abbot" id="Index-Suidbert-Abbot" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Suidbert, Abbot of Dacre, <a href="#Pg299" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">299</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Suidbert, St., <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">319</a>, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">323</a>, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Suidhelm" id="Index-Suidhelm" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Suidhelm, King of Essex after Sigbert, son of Sexwald, <a href= + "#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg184" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a>, <a href="#Pg185" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a>, <a href= + "#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Supernatural Appearances, <a href="#Pg234" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">234</a>, <a href="#Pg235" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">235</a>, <a href="#Pg236" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">236</a>, <a href= + "#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">237</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + fragrance, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">237</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">and + see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Visions" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">Visions</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Surnames, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Surrey, <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Sussex" id="Index-Sussex" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sussex, History, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a> n., + <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sussex, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aelli" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aelli</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ethelwalch" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelwalch</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Swale, the river, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Swefred, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Suefred" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Suefred</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Sylvester, St., <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Symmachus, Pope, <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Synods" id="Index-Synods" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Synods, or Councils, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">34</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg086" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a>, <a href= + "#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>, + <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">93</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a>, <a href="#Pg194" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195-201</a>, <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a>, <a href="#Pg254" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a>, <a href= + "#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a>, + <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">292</a>, <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">305</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a> n., + <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">384</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + rules for, <a href="#Pg229" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">229</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Synodical Epistle, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Gregory-Great" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Gregory</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Syria, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">11</a>, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">255</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tacitus, editorial references to, <a href="#Pg011" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tadcaster, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tanfield (perhaps Campodonum), <a href="#Pg120" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tarsus, Cilicia, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a> n., <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">214</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tata, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Ethelberg-Tata" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ethelberg</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tatfrid" id="Index-Tatfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tatfrid, bishop elect of the Hwiccas, <a href="#Pg274" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">274</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tatwine" id="Index-Tatwine" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tatwine, a priest of Bredon, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, + <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">379</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>, <a href="#Pg390" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tawdry, <a href="#Pg263" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">263</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tecla, St., <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">265</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tees, the river, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">82</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Temples, Heathen, to be converted into churches, <a href="#Pg067" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">67</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + to be destroyed, <a href="#Pg070" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">70</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + half Christian and half heathen, <a href="#Pg121" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Testry, battle of, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">320</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thame, the river, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thames, the river, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg148" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thanet, Isle of, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">32</a> n., <a href="#Pg045" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg315" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theft, Sacrilegious, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Sacrilege" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Sacrilege</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theium, <a href="#Pg078" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">78</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodbald, brother of Ethelfrid, <a href="#Pg073" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg074" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Theodebert" id="Index-Theodebert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodebert, King of Austrasia, <a href="#Pg045" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Theoderic" id="Index-Theoderic" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theoderic, King of Burgundy, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">45</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Theodore-Archbishop" id="Index-Theodore-Archbishop" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodore, of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href= + "#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a> n., + <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">151</a>, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">207</a> n., <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg316" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n., + <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">357</a>, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a> n., <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">214</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his journey to Britain, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">215</a>, <a href="#Pg216" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + arrival, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">226</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordination and consecration, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg214" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>, <a href="#Pg215" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>, <a href= + "#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>, + <a href="#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his learning, <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">2</a>, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his subdivision of bishoprics, <a href="#Pg137" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a> n., + <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a> n., <a href="#Pg231" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a>, <a href="#Pg244" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, <a href= + "#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dedicates St. Peter's, Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his tonsure, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">214</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">215</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his visitation, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">216</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his teaching, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">217</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + bishops consecrated by him, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">217</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg224" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>, <a href= + "#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225</a>, + <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">230</a>, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">231</a>, <a href="#Pg232" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a>, <a href="#Pg241" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>, <a href= + "#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a>, + <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg293" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">293</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + presides at the Synod of Hertford, <a href="#Pg226" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226-231</a>, <a href= + "#Pg384" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Hatfield, <a href="#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">254</a>, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">255</a>, <a href="#Pg256" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + of Twyford, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">292</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his quarrel and reconciliation with Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg228" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n., + <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciles Egfrid and Ethelred, <a href="#Pg267" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + on blood-letting, <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">306</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his decrees of 678, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + length of his episcopate, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">216</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + foretells the length of his life, <a href="#Pg314" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">314</a>, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">323</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">314</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his epitaph, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">315</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">315</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Theodore-Theodorus" id="Index-Theodore-Theodorus" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodore, or Theodorus, Bishop of Mopsuestia, heretic, <a href= + "#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., + <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodore, the name, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">179</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Theodoret" id="Index-Theodoret" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus, heretic, <a href="#Pg255" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodorus, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">340</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + and <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> + <a href="#Index-Theodore-Theodorus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Theodore</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodosius the Great, Emperor, <a href="#Pg020" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">20</a>, <a href="#Pg022" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>, <a href= + "#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page436">[pg 436]</span><a name= + "Pg436" id="Pg436" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodosius, father of Theodosius the Great, <a href="#Pg020" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">20</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theodosius the Younger, Emperor, <a href="#Pg026" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Theophilus" id="Index-Theophilus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theophilus, Archbishop of Alexandria, his Paschal computation, + <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">369</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thetford, Diocese of, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Theudor" id="Index-Theudor" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Theudor, King of the Britons of Strathclyde, <a href="#Pg391" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>, <a href= + "#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Thomas-Anglia" id="Index-Thomas-Anglia" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thomas, Bishop of East Anglia after Felix, <a href="#Pg178" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thomas of Elmham, editorial references to, <a href="#Pg287" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thrace, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Three Months in + the Forests of France,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Stokes" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Stokes</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Thruidred" id="Index-Thruidred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thruidred, Abbot of Dacre, <a href="#Pg300" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">300</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thuuf, or Tufa, a banner, <a href="#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">124</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Thrydwulf, Abbot, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tiberius Constantine, Emperor, <a href="#Pg078" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tiburtina, Via, Rome, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">210</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Tighernach, + Annals of,”</span> editorial references to, <a href="#Pg140" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">337</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tilbury, or Tilaburg, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">183</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">187</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Till, The River, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tilmon, his vision of the Hewalds, <a href="#Pg322" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Timothy, <a href="#Pg197" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">197</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“The Epistle + to,”</span> quoted, <a href="#Pg050" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">50</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tininghame" id="Index-Tininghame" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tininghame, or Intiningaham, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">325</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tiowulfingacaestir, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Titillus, Theodore's notary, <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">230</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tobias" id="Index-Tobias" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tobias, Bishop of Rochester, disciple of Theodore and Hadrian, + <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxi</a>, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">314</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a>, <a href="#Pg377" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>, <a href= + "#Pg387" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">387</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">316</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his learning, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">316</a> n., <a href="#Pg377" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + burial, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a>, <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">378</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Toledo, Council of, <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">256</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tomene" id="Index-Tomene" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tomene, or Tomianus, Abbot and Bishop of Armagh, <a href="#Pg128" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128</a>, <a href= + "#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tondbert" id="Index-Tondbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tondbert, first husband of Ethelthryth, <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>, <a href="#Pg266" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">266</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tondhere, Oswin's thegn, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">164</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tonsure, the, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">85</a> n., <a href="#Pg201" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>, <a href="#Pg214" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>, <a href= + "#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a>, + <a href="#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">370-373</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tours, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">141</a> n., <a href="#Pg259" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + battle of, <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">378</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tours, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Martin-Tours" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Martin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Torksey, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">123</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tortgyth, a nun of Barking, <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">235</a>, <a href="#Pg236" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">236</a>, <a href="#Pg237" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">237</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Torthere" id="Index-Torthere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Torthere, Bishop of Hereford, <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tovecester, or Towcester, <a href="#Pg268" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">268</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trajectum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Wiltaburg" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wiltaburg</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trent, The River, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">115</a> n., <a href="#Pg123" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + the battle of the, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">267</a>, <a href="#Pg268" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">268</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trèves, or the Treveri, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trèves, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Severus-Treves" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Severus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trinity, Invocation of the, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trinovantes, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">10</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tripolis, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">12</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Troyes, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Lupus" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Lupus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trumbert, one of Bede's teachers, his account of Ceadda, <a href= + "#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>, + <a href="#Pg222" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">222</a>, <a href="#Pg223" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">223</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Trumhere" id="Index-Trumhere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trumhere, Abbot of Gilling, Bishop of Mid-Anglia and Mercia, + <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a>, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">191</a>, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>, <a href="#Pg212" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Trumwine" id="Index-Trumwine" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Trumwine, Bishop of the Picts, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg244" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + retires to Whitby, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href="#Pg286" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + assists Elfled with his counsels, <a href="#Pg287" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">287</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Synod of Twyford, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">292</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death and burial at Whitby, <a href="#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">286</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tuam, Archbishopric of, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">226</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tuda" id="Index-Tuda" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tuda, Bishop of Lindisfarne after Colman, <a href="#Pg201" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dies of the Plague, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a>, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">206</a>, <a href="#Pg350" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at Paegnalaech, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">204</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tunbert" id="Index-Tunbert" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tunbert, Abbot of Gilling, Bishop of Hexham, <a href="#Pg244" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + appointed and deposed by Theodore, <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg293" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">293</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tunna, Abbot of Tunnacaestir, his prayers miraculously release + his brother Imma, <a href="#Pg268" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">268</a>, <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">269</a>, <a href="#Pg270" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tunnacaestir, <a href="#Pg268" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">268</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tweed, The River (<span class="tei tei-q" style= + "text-align: left">“Tuidi flumen”</span>), <a href="#Pg202" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288</a>, + <a href="#Pg326" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">326</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Twickenham, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">239</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Twyford" id="Index-Twyford" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Twyford, Adtuifyrdi, or At the Two Fords, Synod at, <a href= + "#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tyne, The River, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">13</a> n., <a href="#Pg082" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">82</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a> n., + <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">303</a>, <a href="#Pg309" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">309</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tynemouth, Monasteries at, <a href="#Pg309" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">309</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page437">[pg 437]</span><a name= + "Pg437" id="Pg437" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tynemouth, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Herebald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Herebald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tyrhtel" id="Index-Tyrhtel" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tyrhtel, Bishop of Hereford, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">380</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Tytilus" id="Index-Tytilus" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Tytilus, father of Redwald, King of East Anglia, <a href="#Pg121" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ulster, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">8</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ulster, the + Annals of,”</span> editorial references to, <a href="#Pg225" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Ultan" id="Index-Ultan" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ultan, a hermit, Abbot of Fosse and Péronne, brother of Fursa, + <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">177</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Undalum, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Oundle" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oundle</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Urbs Giudi, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">23</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Urbs Iudeu, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">23</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Utrecht, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">320</a> n., <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Utrecht, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Wilbrord" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wilbrord</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Utta" id="Index-Utta" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Utta, Abbot of Gateshead, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg180" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sent to fetch Eanfled from Kent, <a href="#Pg166" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg167" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + calms a storm with oil, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">167</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Uuffa" id="Index-Uuffa" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Uuffa, grandfather of Redwald, King of East Anglia, <a href= + "#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Uuffings, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, Kings of East Anglia, + <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">121</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Uurtigern, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Vortigern" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Vortigern</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vaeclingacaestir, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-St-Albans" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">St. Albans</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Valens, Emperor, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Valentinian II, Emperor, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">20</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled from Italy, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + restored, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + kills Maximus, <a href="#Pg020" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">20</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Valentinian III, Emperor, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + murders Aetius, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">27</a> n., <a href="#Pg041" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + murdered, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">41</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Valerian, Emperor, <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">388</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vandals, the, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vecta, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Venantius Fortunatus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Fortunatus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Fortunatus</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Venta, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Winchester" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Winchester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Vergil" id="Index-Vergil" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vergil, quoted, <a href="#Pg113" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">113</a>, <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href="#Pg159" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159</a>, <a href="#Pg286" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href= + "#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">327</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Vergilius" id="Index-Vergilius" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vergilius, Archbishop of Arles, <a href="#Pg049" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">54</a>, + <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">63</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Verlamacaestir, or Verulam, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-St-Albans" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">St. Albans</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vespasian conquers the Isle of Wight, <a href="#Pg011" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vestments, Ecclesiastical, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">65</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Viaticum, the, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">249</a> n., <a href="#Pg275" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">275</a>, <a href="#Pg280" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">280</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Victgilsus, Father of Hengist and Horsa, <a href="#Pg030" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Victorinus, St., <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">99</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Victorius, or Victorinus of Aquitaine, his Paschal Cycle, + <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">369</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vienne, <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">22</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vines in Britain, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in Ireland, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">9</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Virgil, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Vergil" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Vergil</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Virginity, poem in honour of, <a href="#Pg264" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">264</a>, <a href="#Pg265" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a>, <a href= + "#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">266</a>, + <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">267</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Aldhelm's work on, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">237</a> n., <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Visions" id="Index-Visions" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Visions, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg250" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">250</a>, <a href= + "#Pg332" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">332</a>, + <a href="#Pg333" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">333</a>, <a href="#Pg334" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">334</a>, <a href="#Pg335" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">335</a>, <a href="#Pg336" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + seen by Adamnan, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">281</a>, <a href="#Pg282" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">282</a>, <a href="#Pg283" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">283</a>, <a href="#Pg284" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">284</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Begu, <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">275</a>, <a href="#Pg276" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">276</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by a nun at Whitby, <a href="#Pg277" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">277</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Bregusuid, <a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">274</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Caedmon, <a href="#Pg278" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">278</a>, <a href="#Pg279" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">279</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Drythelm, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325-331</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Barking, <a href="#Pg232" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">232-237</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Earcongota, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">152</a>, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">153</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Edwin, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg113" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">113</a>, <a href="#Pg114" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">114</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by a disciple of Boisil, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">224</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg318" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">318</a>, <a href= + "#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">319</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Fursa, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">173-177</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Sebbi, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">239</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Theodore, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">314</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Tilmon, <a href="#Pg322" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">322</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + by Wilfrid, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">355</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vitalian, Pope, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg002" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">2</a> n., <a href="#Pg216" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his letter to Oswy, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">208</a>, <a href="#Pg209" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">209</a>, <a href="#Pg210" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a>, <a href="#Pg211" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + seeks a suitable Archbishop for Canterbury, <a href="#Pg213" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href= + "#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordains Theodore, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">215</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Theodore and Hadrian to Britain, <a href="#Pg357" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vitta, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Voyage Provision, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, the Viaticum, <a href= + "#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, + <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">275</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Vortigern" id="Index-Vortigern" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vortigern, or Uurtigern, King of Britain, calls in the Saxons, + <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">95</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Vulgate, the, quoted, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">107</a>, <a href="#Pg174" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a>, <a href="#Pg209" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">209</a>, <a href= + "#Pg282" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">282</a>, + <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">361-372</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wagele, perhaps Whalley, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wahlstod" id="Index-Wahlstod" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wahlstod, Bishop of Hereford, <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Walbottle, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Waldhere" id="Index-Waldhere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Waldhere, Bishop of London, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">239</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wales, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">33</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wall, At the, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">182</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page438">[pg 438]</span><a name= + "Pg438" id="Pg438" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Walls, Roman, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg024" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a>, <a href="#Pg025" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">25</a>, <a href= + "#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>, + <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">183</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wallsend-on-Tyne, <a href="#Pg025" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">25</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Walton, near Newcastle, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">180</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wantsum, the River, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">45</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wash, the, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">3</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Watling Street, <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">18</a> n., <a href="#Pg120" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Watton" id="Index-Watton" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Watton, Betendune, or Wetadun, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg305" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Watton, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Heriburg" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Heriburg</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Welsh, The, <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">7</a> n., <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">336</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wear, The River, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wearmouth-Jarrow" id="Index-Wearmouth-Jarrow" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wearmouth and Jarrow, Monastery, of, <a href="#Pgxxiii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, + <a href="#Pgxxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxiii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxiv" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxiv</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxv</a>, + <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">137</a> n., <a href="#Pg167" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>, <a href="#Pg177" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, <a href= + "#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a>, + <a href="#Pg284" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">284</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">359</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + its library, <a href="#Pgxxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxv</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wearmouth and Jarrow, Abbot of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Benedict-Biscop" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Benedict</a>, <a href="#Index-Ceolfrid" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ceolfrid</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Cuthbert-Wearmouth" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuthbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Huaetbert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Huaetbert</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Went, the River, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wergild, the, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">267</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wessex" id="Index-Wessex" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wessex, History of, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg045" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href= + "#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, + <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href= + "#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a>, + <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a> n., <a href="#Pg206" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a>, <a href="#Pg241" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>, <a href= + "#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a> n., + <a href="#Pg247" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">247</a> n., <a href="#Pg251" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>, <a href="#Pg336" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342</a>, + <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">344</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">352</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, <a href="#Pg392" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">392</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">3</a> n., <a href="#Pg149" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>, <a href="#Pg150" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>, <a href= + "#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a>, + <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">342</a>, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">343</a>, <a href="#Pg344" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a>, <a href="#Pg345" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>, <a href= + "#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a>, + <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href="#Pg380" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wessex, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Aescwine" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Aescwine</a>, + <a href="#Index-Caedwalla-Wessex" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Caedwalla</a>, <a href="#Index-Caelin" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Caelin</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Centwine" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Centwine</a>, <a href="#Index-Coinwalch" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Coinwalch</a>, + <a href="#Index-Cuichelm-Wessex" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cuichelm</a>, <a href="#Index-Cuthred" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cuthred</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Cynegils" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Cynegils</a>, <a href="#Index-Cyniwulf" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Cyniwulf</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Edilhart" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Edilhart</a>, <a href="#Index-Ini" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Ini</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wessex, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Agilbert" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Agilbert</a>, + <a href="#Index-Birinus" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Birinus</a>, <a href="#Index-Daniel" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Daniel</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Haedde" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Haedde</a>, <a href="#Index-Leutherius" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Leutherius</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wini" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wini</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Westphalia, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-West-Saxons" id="Index-West-Saxons" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + West Saxons, called Gewissae or Gewissi, <a href="#Pg030" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg096" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href= + "#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, + <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">148</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + history and province of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Wessex" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wessex</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wetadun, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Watton" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Watton</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whales in Britain, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">5</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whalley, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wharfe, The River, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">271</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whelock, Abraham, his edition of the <span class="tei tei-q" + style="text-align: left">“Ecclesiastical History,”</span> + <a href="#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xix</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Whitby-Bay" id="Index-Whitby-Bay" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whitby, Bay of the Lighthouse or Streanaeshalch, <a href= + "#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, + <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">195</a>, <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">275</a> n., <a href="#Pg349" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + monastery of, built by Hilda, <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a>, <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n., + <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">272-281</a>, <a href="#Pg286" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href="#Pg306" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Synod of, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxviii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a> n., + <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">194</a> n., <a href="#Pg195" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a>, <a href="#Pg196" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">196-201</a>, + <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">350</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whitby, Abbess of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eanfled" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eanfled</a>, + <a href="#Index-Elfled" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Elfled</a>, <a href="#Index-Hilda" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Hilda</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Whitby-Monk" id="Index-Whitby-Monk" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whitby, a monk of, editorial references to his <span class= + "tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life of Gregory,”</span> + <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">75</a> n., <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whitern or White House, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">141</a>, <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">381</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whitern, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Frithwald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Frithwald</a>, + <a href="#Index-Ninian" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ninian</a>, <a href="#Index-Pechthelm" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Pechthelm</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Whitsuntide" id="Index-Whitsuntide" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whitsuntide, <a href="#Pgxli" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xli</a> n., <a href="#Pg206" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Whittingham, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">292</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wicklow, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">92</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wictbert, Irish hermit, his unsuccessful mission to Frisland, + <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">319</a>, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">320</a>, <a href="#Pg323" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wictred" id="Index-Wictred" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wictred, King of Kent, son of Egbert, <a href="#Pgxxix" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>, + <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">315</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his sons, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">377</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">386</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wighard, a disciple of Gregory's, sent to Rome to be ordained + Archbishop, dies there, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a>, <a href="#Pg210" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a>, <a href= + "#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>, + <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">213</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wight" id="Index-Wight" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wight, Isle of, history, <a href="#Pgxxix" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxix</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg011" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11</a>, <a href= + "#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>, + <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">252</a>, <a href="#Pg253" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Christianity introduced into, <a href="#Pg252" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>, <a href="#Pg253" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + described, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">253</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + bishopric of, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wight, the Isle of, King of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Arwald" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Arwald</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wigton Bay, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">141</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wilbert, a boy to whom Bede dictates the last sentences of his + translations, <a href="#Pgxliii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xliii</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wilbrord" id="Index-Wilbrord" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wilbrord, Missionary, Archbishop of Frisland, <a href="#Pgxxx" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href= + "#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143</a> n., + <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">161</a>, <a href="#Pg319" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">319</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">161</a> n., <a href="#Pg320" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Rome, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">323</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his mission to Frisland, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">320</a>, <a href="#Pg321" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a>, + <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">351</a>, <a href="#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">375</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + destroys idols and kills the sacred cattle of Fosite, <a href= + "#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his consecration, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">324</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + given the name of Clement in religion, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his see at Utrecht, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">324</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his monastery near Trèves, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">324</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + calendar said to contain an entry by him, <a href="#Pg324" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">324</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + builds St. Saviour's, and rebuilds St. <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page439">[pg 439]</span><a name="Pg439" id="Pg439" class= + "tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a> Martin's Church, + Utrecht, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">324</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + date of his death, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">325</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life + of,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Alcuin" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Alcuin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wilfaraesdun or Wilfar's Hill, <a href="#Pg164" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wilfrid-St" id="Index-Wilfrid-St" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wilfrid, St., Bishop, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">137</a> n., <a href="#Pg161" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a>, <a href="#Pg163" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg227" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a>, + <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">257</a> n., <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of his life and character, <a href="#Pg347" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347-357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his birth and family, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">347</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + educated at Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">347</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sent to the Court of Oswy, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">347</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + to Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">347</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + resolves to go to Rome, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">347</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + assisted by Queen Eanfled, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">347</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + starts with Benedict Biscop, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + detained at Lyons by Annemundus, <a href="#Pg348" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + in Rome, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">349</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + on his way home stays at Lyons, <a href="#Pg349" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his fidelity to Annemundus, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">349</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + wins the friendship of Alchfrid, <a href="#Pg194" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194</a>, <a href="#Pg350" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + given land at Stanford, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">350</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made Abbot of Ripon, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">194</a>, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">350</a>, <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Whitby Synod, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg195" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195-200</a>, <a href= + "#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + made Bishop of Northumbria, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, + <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">350</a>, <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>, <a href="#Pg384" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrated in Gaul by Agilbert, <a href="#Pg206" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a>, <a href="#Pg218" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href= + "#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + superseded by Ceadda, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg207" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns to Britain, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + shipwrecked on the coast of Sussex, <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + discharges episcopal functions for Mercia and Kent, <a href= + "#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, + <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a> n., <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + restored by Theodore, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relations with Ethelthryth, <a href="#Pg242" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260</a>, + <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">262</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relations with Theodore, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">228</a> n., <a href="#Pg229" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a> n., + <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">244</a> n., <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + represented at Hertford by proxy, <a href="#Pg228" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his Catholic teaching, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a>, <a href="#Pg217" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + invites Eddi from Kent to teach church singing, <a href="#Pg217" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled from his see by Egfrid, <a href="#Pg242" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a>, <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, + <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">267</a> n., <a href="#Pg351" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>, <a href="#Pg385" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + foretells the battle of the Trent, <a href="#Pg267" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">267</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + demands an explanation from the King and Archbishop, <a href= + "#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + goes to Rome to plead his cause, <a href="#Pg243" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>, + <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Ebroin's plot against his life, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + on his way to Rome driven by the wind to Frisland, <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + visits Dagobert II of Austrasia, and Perctarit, King of the + Lombards, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + acquitted by Agatho and the Lateran Council, <a href="#Pg352" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his confession of faith on behalf of the English Church, <a href= + "#Pg254" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">254</a> n., + <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns to Britain, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a>, accused of bribery, <a href="#Pg352" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + imprisoned at Bromnis, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at Dunbar, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + released at Aebba's request, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">260</a> n., <a href="#Pg352" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + takes refuge in Mercia, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">267</a> n., <a href="#Pg323" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a>, <a href="#Pg352" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled from Mercia, <a href="#Pg267" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">267</a> n., <a href="#Pg352" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + converts the South Saxons and the Isle of Wight, <a href="#Pg179" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">245-248</a>, <a href="#Pg252" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>, <a href="#Pg352" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a>, <a href= + "#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + founds the Monastery of Selsey, <a href="#Pg247" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">247</a>, <a href="#Pg345" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his restoration to York, Hexham, and Ripon, <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg247" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">247</a> n., + <a href="#Pg296" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">296</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">353</a> n., <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + administers Lindisfarne, <a href="#Pg296" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">296</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his second expulsion, <a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">274</a> n., <a href="#Pg296" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">296</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323</a>, + <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">353</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + second sojourn in Mercia, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates Oftfor, <a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">274</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates Suidbert, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">323</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + excommunicated by the Council of Ouestraefelda, <a href="#Pg353" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + second visit to Frisland, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">161</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + again goes to Rome to plead his cause, <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + acquitted by Pope John and the Council, <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg354" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + taken ill at Meaux on his way back to Britain, <a href="#Pg354" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354</a>, <a href= + "#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his vision, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">355</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + arrives in Britain, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">355</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + reconciled to Bertwald, Ethelred and Coenred, <a href="#Pg355" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355</a>, <a href= + "#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Aldfrid refuses to receive him, <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Elfled's influence in his favour, <a href="#Pg189" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + restored to his bishopric of Hexham by the Synod on the Nidd, + <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + dies at Oundle, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">346</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg391" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + buried at St. Peter's, Ripon, <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a>, <a href="#Pg356" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his epitaph, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">357</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + length of his episcopate, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his relics, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">346</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his character, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">347</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + churches built by him, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">351</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Life + of,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Eddi" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Eddius</a>. + </div> + </div><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page440">[pg 440]</span><a name= + "Pg440" id="Pg440" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wilfrid-II" id="Index-Wilfrid-II" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wilfrid II, Bishop of York, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n., + <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a> n., <a href="#Pg381" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>, <a href="#Pg390" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">273</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + ordained by John, <a href="#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">312</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wilfrid-Worcester" id="Index-Wilfrid-Worcester" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wilfrid, Bishop of Worcester, <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wilgils, father of Wilbrord, <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">320</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + William III, <a href="#Pgxix" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xix</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-William" id="Index-William" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + William of Malmesbury, editorial references to, <a href= + "#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg086" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a> n., + <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">125</a> n., <a href="#Pg232" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">232</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">239</a> n., + <a href="#Pg287" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">287</a> n., <a href="#Pg346" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">346</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">377</a> n., + <a href="#Pg392" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">392</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wiltaburg" id="Index-Wiltaburg" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wiltaburg, Wiltenburg, the Town of the Wilts, or Trajectum, now + Utrecht, <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">324</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wiltshire, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">343</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wincanheale, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">204</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Winchester" id="Index-Winchester" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Winchester, Venta, or Wintancaestir, <a href="#Pg228" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + churches at, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">149</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxvi</a>, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxx</a>, <a href="#Pg003" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a> n., <a href="#Pg148" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href= + "#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>, + <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">251</a>, <a href="#Pg343" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Winchester, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Daniel" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Daniel</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Haedde" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Haedde</a>, <a href="#Index-Leutherius" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Leutherius</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wini" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wini</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Winfrid, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> Boniface. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wini" id="Index-Wini" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wini, Bishop of Winchester, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg241" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + consecrates Ceadda, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">207</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + expelled from Winchester, purchases the bishopric of London, + <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">231</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + returns to Winchester, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">228</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wintancaestir, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Winchester" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Winchester</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Winter's Tale, + The,”</span> editorial reference to, <a href="#Pg263" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">263</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Winwaed, Battle of the, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href="#Pg185" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a>, + <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Winwaed, The River, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">189</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Witberg, daughter of Anna, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">149</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Witenagemot, The, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg095" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg116" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116</a>, <a href= + "#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151</a> n., + <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a> n., <a href="#Pg242" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251</a> n., + <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">316</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Woden, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">30</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + the sons of, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">83</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wooler, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Worcester" id="Index-Worcester" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Worcester, diocese of the Hwiccas, <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n., + <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">380</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Worcester, Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bosel" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bosel</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Egwin" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Egwin</a>, <a href="#Index-Oftfor" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Oftfor</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Tatfrid" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Tatfrid</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wilfrid-Worcester" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wilfrid</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Worcestershire, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">84</a> n., <a href="#Pg379" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">379</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Worr, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Aldwin-Worr" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Aldwin</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wulfhere" id="Index-Wulfhere" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wulfhere, King of Mercia, son of Penda, <a href="#Pgxxvii" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvii</a>, <a href= + "#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg149" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>, + <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">181</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">241</a> n., + <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">261</a> n., <a href="#Pg332" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">332</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + with the aid of Immin, Eafa, and Eadbert, recovers Mercia from + Oswy, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his reign, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">192</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + his realm, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + conquers Lindsey, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">243</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + sends Jaruman to the East Saxons, <a href="#Pg212" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg245" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + brings about the conversion of Ethelwalch, <a href="#Pg245" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + endows monasteries, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">346</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + invades Northumbria, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + defeated by Egfrid, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">191</a> n., <a href="#Pg384" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">384</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wulfram" id="Index-Wulfram" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wulfram, St., Archbishop of Sens, <a href="#Pg319" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">319</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wuscfrea, son of Edwin, baptized, <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + taken by his mother into Kent, and sent into Gaul, where he dies + in infancy, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Wynfrid" id="Index-Wynfrid" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Wynfrid, Bishop of Lichfield, <a href="#Pg192" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a>, <a href="#Pg224" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>, <a href= + "#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + account of, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">192</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + deacon under Ceadda, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">225</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + at the Hertford Synod, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">228</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + deposed by Theodore, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a>, <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">244</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + retires to Ad Barvae, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + death, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">231</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Yeavering" id="Index-Yeavering" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Yeavering or Adgefrin, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">119</a>, <a href="#Pg120" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Yellow pest, a bubonic plague, <a href="#Pg203" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203</a>, <a href="#Pg204" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-Yffi-Deira" id="Index-Yffi-Deira" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Yffi, first King of Deira, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">83</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Yffi, son of Osfrid, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">119</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">132</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <a name="Index-York" id="Index-York" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + York, <a href="#Pgxxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxxvi</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg118" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href= + "#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, + <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">135</a>, <a href="#Pg244" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">244</a>, <a href="#Pg293" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">293</a>, <a href= + "#Pg354" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + diocese of, <a href="#Pgxxv" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">xxv</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg066" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66</a>, <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a> n.; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Cathedral, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">119</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + York, Archbishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href= + "#Index-Egbert-York" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Egbert</a>, <a href="#Index-Paulinus-York" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Paulinus</a>; + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-l" style= + "text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> + Bishop of, <span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: left"><span style= + "font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-Bosa" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Bosa</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Ceadda" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Ceadda</a>, <a href="#Index-John-Beverley" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">John</a>, <a href= + "#Index-Wilfrid-St" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">Wilfrid</a>, <a href="#Index-Wilfrid-II" + class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wilfrid II</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Yorkshire, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">3</a> n., <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">118</a> n., <a href="#Pg204" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a> n., <a href= + "#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">305</a> n., + <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">342</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Ythancaestir, Monastery of, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" + style="text-align: left">183</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187</a>. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Zacharias, Pope, letter to Boniface, <a href="#Pg087" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Zeuss, his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Die + Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme,”</span> <a href="#Pg317" class= + "tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a> n. + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-lg" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"> + Zozimus, Pope, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: left">21</a> n. + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-back" style= + "margin-bottom: 2.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <div id="footnotes" class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc305" id="toc305"></a> <a name="pdf306" id="pdf306"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Footnotes</span></h1> + + <dl class="tei tei-list-footnotes"> + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1" name="note_1" href= + "#noteref_1">1.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The St. Gallen MS. (ninth century) + has, however, <span class="tei tei-q">“VII Id. Mai.”</span> Messrs. + Mayor and Lumby, adopting this reading, place his death as late as + 742, in which year the eve of Ascension Day fell on May 9th. For + their argument, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Mayor and Lumby, pp. 401, + 402.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_2" name="note_2" href= + "#noteref_2">2.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The phrase is the present Bishop of + Oxford's in <span class="tei tei-q">“Studies in the Christian + Character.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_3" name="note_3" href= + "#noteref_3">3.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Stevenson, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Church Historians,”</span> vol. i.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_4" name="note_4" href= + "#noteref_4">4.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">From Easter to Whitsuntide.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_5" name="note_5" href= + "#noteref_5">5.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rogation Wednesday.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_6" name="note_6" href= + "#noteref_6">6.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">King of Northumbria, cf. V, 23. He + succeeded Osric, 729 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> In a revolt he was + forcibly tonsured, 731, but restored. He voluntarily became a monk + in Lindisfarne in 737. The fact that Bede submitted the + Ecclesiastical History to him for revision bears witness to his + piety and learning.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_7" name="note_7" href= + "#noteref_7">7.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Albinus, the first English abbot of + the monastery of SS. Peter and Paul at Canterbury, succeeded + Hadrian in 709 or 710. On his scholarship, cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_8" name="note_8" href= + "#noteref_8">8.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Theodore, the great archbishop, noted + for his organization of the English Church and his services to + education, consecrated in 668, at the age of sixty-five, by Pope + Vitalian, on the recommendation of Hadrian, who had himself twice + declined the office of archbishop. Theodore was a native of Tarsus, + in Cilicia, a man of great learning and scholarly attainments. Cf. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_9" name="note_9" href= + "#noteref_9">9.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hadrian (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + previous note, cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>), an African by birth, sent to England by + Pope Vitalian along with Theodore, became Abbot of SS. Peter and + Paul, Canterbury. He co-operated with Theodore in his educational + work.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_10" name="note_10" href= + "#noteref_10">10.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A presbyter of London, afterwards + Archbishop of Canterbury, 735. Received the <span lang="la" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">pallium</span></span> (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> I, + 27, p. <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref">54</a>, note) in + 736.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_11" name="note_11" href= + "#noteref_11">11.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gregory I (the Great), who sent the + Roman mission to England.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_12" name="note_12" href= + "#noteref_12">12.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gregory II, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Plummer <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad loc.</span></span> for arguments showing + conclusively that Gregory III cannot be meant.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_13" name="note_13" href= + "#noteref_13">13.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 16</a>, and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>. In <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 23</a> he is more accurately described as + <span class="tei tei-q">“Ventanus antistes.”</span> He was + consecrated Bishop of Winchester when the West Saxon bishopric was + divided in 705; and his diocese comprised only the smaller part of + Wessex. He was the friend and counsellor of St. Boniface.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_14" name="note_14" href= + "#noteref_14">14.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of the East Saxons, cf. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">III, 21</a> + foll.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_15" name="note_15" href= + "#noteref_15">15.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Chad, Bishop of the Northumbrians, + afterwards of Lichfield; brother of Cedd: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> III, + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class="tei tei-ref">28</a>; IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_II" class="tei tei-ref">2</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">3</a>; <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_16" name="note_16" href= + "#noteref_16">16.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Lastingham, near Pickering in + Yorkshire N.R., <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 23</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_17" name="note_17" href= + "#noteref_17">17.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Nothing further is known of him.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_18" name="note_18" href= + "#noteref_18">18.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The district to the north of the + Wash.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_19" name="note_19" href= + "#noteref_19">19.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Sidnacester, in the province + of Lindsey. He died in 732: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 23</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_20" name="note_20" href= + "#noteref_20">20.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The saint and hermit who was for two + years Bishop of Lindisfarne, 685-687: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26-32</a>. + Bede wrote his life both in prose and verse.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_21" name="note_21" href= + "#noteref_21">21.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Holy Island, off the coast of + Northumberland. Aidan chose it as the place of his see and + monastery in 635: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 3</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_22" name="note_22" href= + "#noteref_22">22.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This total varies in different + authors. The first few pages of Bede are to a great extent copied + out of Pliny, Solinus, Orosius, and Gildas.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_23" name="note_23" href= + "#noteref_23">23.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Richborough, Kent.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_24" name="note_24" href= + "#noteref_24">24.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Boulogne.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_25" name="note_25" href= + "#noteref_25">25.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Caes., B.G., <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">passim</span></span>; + Verg., Aen., VIII, 727.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_26" name="note_26" href= + "#noteref_26">26.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In his Hexameron.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_27" name="note_27" href= + "#noteref_27">27.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Latin is included as being the + ecclesiastical language common to all. Bede does not imply that + there was a Latin-speaking race still in the island.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_28" name="note_28" href= + "#noteref_28">28.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In Caesar's time, the whole district + lying along the north-western coast of Gaul, afterwards narrowed + down to the modern Brittany. That the Britons (or Brythons) came + from Gaul is doubtless a fact. Another branch of the Celtic race, + the Goidels or Gaels, appears to have been in possession in Britain + before them.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_29" name="note_29" href= + "#noteref_29">29.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">By Scythia Bede means Scandinavia. He + only mentions this account as a tradition. The problem of the Picts + has not been solved yet. According to one view, they belonged to + the pre-Aryan inhabitants of Britain, pushed westward and northward + by the Celtic invaders. In Scotland they held their own for a + considerable time in a wide tract of country, and they may have to + some extent amalgamated with the Celts who dispossessed them + (Rhŷs). Others regard them as Celts of the same branch as Welsh, + Cornish, and Britons, being probably nearest to Cornish. The + absence of all but the scantiest remains of their language makes + the question of their origin one of great difficulty.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_30" name="note_30" href= + "#noteref_30">30.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The legend is an attempt to account + for the law of Pictish succession, which was vested in the mother, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Rhŷs, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Celtic Britain,”</span> pp. 170-171.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_31" name="note_31" href= + "#noteref_31">31.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Dal,”</span> + a division or part, is common in Irish names. Dalriada was a + district in the north-eastern part of Ulster. From there, a tribe + of Scots (a Celtic race who settled in Ireland at some unknown + period) came to Kintyre and spread along the coasts of Argyll, + which took from them the name of Dalriada (probably <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> + 500 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>). They brought the + Christian religion with them. Bede follows that version of the + legend which makes Cairbre Riada, the eponymous hero of the Irish + Dalriada (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 200 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), himself found the + colony in Scotland.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_32" name="note_32" href= + "#noteref_32">32.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dumbarton; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. 12, p. <a href="#Pg024" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_33" name="note_33" href= + "#noteref_33">33.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Caesar's invasion took place + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.u.c.</span></span> 699 and 700; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">b.c.</span></span> 55 and 54.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_34" name="note_34" href= + "#noteref_34">34.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Caes., B.G., V, 11, 18 ff. A + powerful British chief. His territory lay north and north-east of + the Thames, roughly comprising Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, and + Berkshire, but the exact limits are uncertain. His people were the + Catuvellauni (the name is Gaulish in form).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_35" name="note_35" href= + "#noteref_35">35.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Caes., B.G., V, 20. The + Trinovantes occupied Essex and part of Middlesex.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_36" name="note_36" href= + "#noteref_36">36.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Variations of this name given by + ancient authors are Andragius and Androgorius. Caesar calls him + Mandubracius.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_37" name="note_37" href= + "#noteref_37">37.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The position of this place is + unknown.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_38" name="note_38" href= + "#noteref_38">38.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Claudius came to Britain <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.u.c.</span></span> 796, 43 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_39" name="note_39" href= + "#noteref_39">39.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He can only have done so in name; it + was probably Agricola who first conquered the Orkneys. Cf. Tac., + Agric., 10.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_40" name="note_40" href= + "#noteref_40">40.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Tac., Agric., 13.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_41" name="note_41" href= + "#noteref_41">41.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Marcus Antoninus Verus, commonly + called Marcus Aurelius, succeeded in 161 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> His colleague in the + empire was his adopted brother, Lucius Verus, whose full adoptive + name was Lucius Aurelius Antoninus Verus Commodus. He died in 169. + Eleutherus became Pope between 171 and 177. Bede's chronology is + therefore wrong.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_42" name="note_42" href= + "#noteref_42">42.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Most modern authorities consider the + story fabulous. But cf. Bright, <span class="tei tei-q">“Early + English Church History,”</span> pp. 3-5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_43" name="note_43" href= + "#noteref_43">43.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Severus succeeded in 193 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> He died in 211.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_44" name="note_44" href= + "#noteref_44">44.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is the earthwork which runs + parallel to the wall of Hadrian, between the Solway and the Tyne, + at an interval of from 30 to 1,300 yards from it. Its origin and + purpose are doubtful. Ancient authorities afford conflicting + evidence with regard to the Roman walls in Britain. Modern research + seems to show that Severus built no wall or rampart, though some + ancient historians assert that he did (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Haverfield, quoted by Plummer, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + loc.</span></span>; cf. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a> and note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_45" name="note_45" href= + "#noteref_45">45.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bassianus Antoninus, surnamed + Caracalla. Geta was murdered by Caracalla.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_46" name="note_46" href= + "#noteref_46">46.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Diocletian succeeded in 284.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_47" name="note_47" href= + "#noteref_47">47.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Carausius was a native of Menapia, in + Belgium, appointed to command the Roman fleet stationed at Boulogne + to guard the coasts. He took the fleet with him when he usurped + imperial authority in Britain. Maximian, failing to reduce him, + recognized his authority and gave him the title of Augustus. He + governed vigorously and prosperously.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_48" name="note_48" href= + "#noteref_48">48.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Allectus was a follower of Carausius. + His revolt was apparently supported by the independent tribes, + probably Caledonians.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_49" name="note_49" href= + "#noteref_49">49.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Asclepiodotus was serving under + Constantius Chlorus (one of the reigning Caesars), who sailed to + Britain and marched against Allectus.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_50" name="note_50" href= + "#noteref_50">50.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The statement that the Diocletian + persecution extended to Britain rests on no trustworthy evidence at + all. Yet though the time assigned is probably wrong, there seems to + be no reason to doubt the existence of the British Protomartyr. The + story rests upon a local tradition traceable up to the visit of + Germanus in 429 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_51" name="note_51" href= + "#noteref_51">51.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Venantius Fortunatus, a Christian + poet, Bishop of Poitiers, b. 530 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> He was the last Latin + poet of any note in Gaul.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_52" name="note_52" href= + "#noteref_52">52.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In the lives of St. Alban (all later + than Bede) this clerk is called St. Amphibalus, a name probably + invented from his cloak (<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" + xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">amphibalus</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_53" name="note_53" href= + "#noteref_53">53.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The text of this passage is probably + corrupt, but all the MSS. agree. I believe the above gives the + intended meaning.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_54" name="note_54" href= + "#noteref_54">54.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">There is again probably some confusion + in the text.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_55" name="note_55" href= + "#noteref_55">55.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Now St. Albans in Hertfordshire, on + the Watling Street, hence probably the name, Vaeclingacaestir.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_56" name="note_56" href= + "#noteref_56">56.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The place was afterwards called + Holmhurst. The church mentioned by Bede was superseded by the + monastery of St. Alban, the foundation of which is attributed to + Offa, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 793 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> Certain extraordinary + privileges were granted to it, and its abbot obtained a superiority + over all other English abbots (Dugdale, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Monasticon”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_57" name="note_57" href= + "#noteref_57">57.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The evidence for their martyrdom is + very doubtful.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_58" name="note_58" href= + "#noteref_58">58.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Caerleon-on-Usk, the headquarters of + the Second legion, is here meant (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Merivale, H.R., vi, 248), though the name was also applied to + Chester, seat of the Twentieth legion (cf. II, 2, p. <a href= + "#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref">87</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“civitas legionum”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_59" name="note_59" href= + "#noteref_59">59.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Constantine the Great. For the + legality of the marriage, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Dict. of Christian Biography, + article <span class="tei tei-q">“Helena.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_60" name="note_60" href= + "#noteref_60">60.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The First General Council, 325 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> It asserted the + doctrine of the ὁμοούσιον against Arius. For a short account of the + heresy, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Gore, Bampton Lectures, pp. + 89-92. All the evidence goes to show that this heresy affected + Britain much less than Bede, on the authority of Gildas, here + implies.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_61" name="note_61" href= + "#noteref_61">61.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Valens died 378.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_62" name="note_62" href= + "#noteref_62">62.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Another of the insular usurpers (cf. + c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">6</a>). He had + served under the elder Theodosius in Britain. He revolted from + Rome, successfully repressed incursions of Picts and Scots, then + crossed to Gaul, where he maintained himself for four years, but + was killed by the Emperor, the younger Theodosius, at Aquileia, in + 388.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_63" name="note_63" href= + "#noteref_63">63.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The real date is 395.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_64" name="note_64" href= + "#noteref_64">64.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pelagius, the founder of the heresy + known as Pelagianism, was probably born in 370 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, and is said to have + been a Briton, but the tradition that his real name was Morgan + (Marigena, Graecised Πελάγιος), and that he was a native of Bangor, + rests on very doubtful authority. His great opponent, St. + Augustine, speaks of him as a good and holy man; later slanders are + to be attributed to Jerome's abusive language. The cardinal point + in his doctrine is his denial of original sin, involving a too + great reliance on the human will in achieving holiness, and a + limitation of the action of the grace of God.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_65" name="note_65" href= + "#noteref_65">65.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Julianus of Campania is regarded as + the founder of semi-Pelagianism, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + an intermediate position between the orthodox view and the heresy + of Pelagius. He was Bishop of Eclanum, near Beneventum, and was + along with seventeen other Italian bishops deposed in 418 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> for refusing to sign + the circular letter of Pope Zosimus condemning the heresy.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_66" name="note_66" href= + "#noteref_66">66.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A native of Aquitaine, born probably + about 403 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, a strong opponent of + the Pelagians. It is uncertain whether he was in Holy Orders or + not. He wrote in prose and verse; his longest poem is called + <span class="tei tei-q">“De Ingratis”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + opponents of the grace of God). His best known work is a Chronicle, + not to be confused with the shorter chronicle of Prosper Tiro.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_67" name="note_67" href= + "#noteref_67">67.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede includes elegiacs under this + term, cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 8</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_68" name="note_68" href= + "#noteref_68">68.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The date of Honorius is correct, but + the invasion of Alaric is put a year too late, if Bede refers to + the first siege of Rome, in 408.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_69" name="note_69" href= + "#noteref_69">69.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The British army, alarmed by the + inroads of barbarians, and actuated by a spirit of revolt against + Roman authority, set up three local emperors in rapid succession: + Marcus, Gratian, and Constantine. The first two they summarily + deposed and killed, but Constantine by a great victory made himself + master of Gaul and Britain and extorted from the Emperor Honorius a + share in the Imperial authority. Meanwhile, the Britons expelled + the few remaining Roman officials, and Honorius avenged himself on + Constantine for the loss of Britain in the manner described in the + text.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_70" name="note_70" href= + "#noteref_70">70.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A Roman general, afterwards associated + with Honorius in the empire for a few months.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_71" name="note_71" href= + "#noteref_71">71.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gerontius (Welsh <span lang="cy" + class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="cy"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Geraint</span></span>, akin to Irish + <span lang="ga" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="ga"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Gerat</span></span> or <span lang="ga" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="ga"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Gerait</span></span>, a champion), was a + Briton, one of Constantine's generals. Turning against his master, + he invited the Germans to invade Gaul and Britain, probably + intending to secure Britain for himself. But his own men conspired + against him and he died by his own hand.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_72" name="note_72" href= + "#noteref_72">72.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rome was taken 1163 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.u.c.</span></span>; 410 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_73" name="note_73" href= + "#noteref_73">73.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Possibly <span class= + "tei tei-q">“light-houses.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_74" name="note_74" href= + "#noteref_74">74.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Probably Inchkeith in the Forth. The + Irish called the Firth of Forth the <span class="tei tei-q">“Sea of + Giudan”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Reeves' <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Culdees,”</span> p. 124). But Professor Rhŷs is + inclined to think that Bede has confused the island Giudi with Urbs + Giudi, which may perhaps be identified with the Urbs Iudeu of + Nennius, probably either Carriden or Edinburgh (Rhŷs, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Celtic Britain”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_75" name="note_75" href= + "#noteref_75">75.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Alcluith is the Welsh name (Ail = a + rock). The Goidels called it Dúnbrettan = the fortress of the + Britons. Hence its modern name, Dumbarton. The river is, of course, + the Clyde.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_76" name="note_76" href= + "#noteref_76">76.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is the earthen rampart, about + thirty-five miles in length, between the Clyde and the Forth, now + attributed to Antoninus Pius. Little is known about it, and it is + probable that it was soon abandoned.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_77" name="note_77" href= + "#noteref_77">77.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Abercorn, a village on the south bank + of the Firth of Forth.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_78" name="note_78" href= + "#noteref_78">78.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The name is probably Celtic + (Goidelic), though, if the view which regards the Picts as a + non-Celtic people be correct, it may show traces of Pictish + influence. It seems to be connected with the Latin term + <span class="tei tei-q">“penna valli”</span> = wing of + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, pinnacle or turret at end + of) the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang= + "la"><span style="font-style: italic">vallum</span></span>. Readers + of Scott's <span class="tei tei-q">“Antiquary”</span> will remember + the celebrated dispute with regard to this word. The Anglian + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Penneltun</span></span> is derived from the + Goidelic name.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_79" name="note_79" href= + "#noteref_79">79.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This probably refers to the wall now + attributed to Hadrian (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">5</a> note). It ran for a distance of about + eighty-five miles from Bowness-on-Solway to Wallsend-on-Tyne. + Bede's authorities are Orosius and Gildas. The accounts he gives + here and in c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">5</a> + are an attempt to explain the difficulties and conflicting evidence + with regard to these walls.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_80" name="note_80" href= + "#noteref_80">80.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 431 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> There is much + confusion with regard to the mission of Palladius. According to + later accounts, he was an unsuccessful forerunner of St. Patrick, + but Bede here, following Prosper of Aquitaine, represents the Irish + (Scotti) as in part already Christian. The origin of Irish + Christianity is very obscure, and some have even doubted the + existence of St. Patrick. Bede only mentions him once, viz., in the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Martyrology,”</span> which has been + largely interpolated, and is, perhaps, not his genuine work. St. + Patrick's latest biographer, Professor Bury, has, however, clearly + established a certain amount of fact underlying much legendary + matter. Some later authorities represent Palladius as preaching to + the Scots (in the modern sense) and Patrick to the Irish.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_81" name="note_81" href= + "#noteref_81">81.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The great Roman general who preserved + the Western Empire against the invasions of the barbarians for many + years. He was assassinated by Valentinian in 454 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_82" name="note_82" href= + "#noteref_82">82.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Really two years before, 444 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_83" name="note_83" href= + "#noteref_83">83.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Though he is the subject of many + legends, Vortigern is doubtless a historical figure, a ruler of + south-eastern Britain. Bede's form of the name, Uurtigernus, is + right. It is a British word, meaning <span class= + "tei tei-q">“supreme lord”</span> (Rhŷs).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_84" name="note_84" href= + "#noteref_84">84.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The date of Marcian's succession is + 450.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_85" name="note_85" href= + "#noteref_85">85.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede only professes to give the date + of the invasion approximately: cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a> (<span class="tei tei-q">“quorum + tempore”</span>), <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 23</a>; <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 14</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 23</a> (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“circiter”</span>), calculating in round numbers + apparently. He refers here to their first settlement, which, of + course, does not preclude earlier attacks.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_86" name="note_86" href= + "#noteref_86">86.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Vortigern.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_87" name="note_87" href= + "#noteref_87">87.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Anglia</span></span> was believed to be + derived from <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Angulus</span></span>. The country is the + modern Schleswig, which the Angles appear to have almost entirely + evacuated. For the Continental Saxons, cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 9</a>. It has been + supposed that the Jutes came from Jutland, where, at a later + period, they mingled with the Danes (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span>), + but this is now regarded as doubtful.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_88" name="note_88" href= + "#noteref_88">88.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">At Aylesford, in Kent. Horsted is the + traditional burial-place of Horsa.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_89" name="note_89" href= + "#noteref_89">89.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, in Thanet.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_90" name="note_90" href= + "#noteref_90">90.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The most probable view is that he was + the last of those Romans who usurped imperial authority in Britain + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> cc. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">6</a>, <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_91" name="note_91" href= + "#noteref_91">91.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The identification of this place with + Badbury, in Dorsetshire (Guest, followed by Freeman and Green) + seems to be disproved (W. H. Stevenson, in the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“English Historical Review,”</span> xvii, pp. 633, + 634). The locality is quite uncertain; Skene actually places it + near Linlithgow. According to Bede's reckoning the date of the + battle would be 493 approximately. The <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Annales Cambriae”</span> give 516. For a full + discussion of the question, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Plummer, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad loc.</span></span> + Cf. also Mr. Stevenson's article.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_92" name="note_92" href= + "#noteref_92">92.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Nothing more is known of them. + Pelagius left Britain in early life and did not himself spread his + heresy there.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_93" name="note_93" href= + "#noteref_93">93.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The life of Germanus was written by + Constantius, a priest of Lyons, who is Bede's authority for cc. + 17-21. According to him, these bishops were sent to Britain by a + Gallican Synod. Prosper of Aquitaine attributes the origin of the + mission to Pope Celestine, <span class="tei tei-q">“acting on the + advice of the deacon Palladius”</span> (probably the missionary to + the Irish mentioned c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">13</a>). The two statements are not irreconcilable + (cf. Bright, p. 18). There are churches dedicated to SS. Germanus + and Lupus in Wales and Cornwall. Both had been trained in the + school of Lérins, a monastery in the group of islands off the coast + at Cannes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_94" name="note_94" href= + "#noteref_94">94.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This conference is said to have been + held at Verulam.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_95" name="note_95" href= + "#noteref_95">95.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede's authority, Constantius, shows + here the first trace of any acquaintance of early historians with + the story of St. Alban. The last sentence is somewhat obscure. + Probably the idea is that the blood of the martyrs continues to cry + aloud for vengeance.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_96" name="note_96" href= + "#noteref_96">96.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Reading <span class= + "tei tei-q">“reserato.”</span> The reading <span class= + "tei tei-q">“reservato”</span> is perhaps easier and has some MS. + authority.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_97" name="note_97" href= + "#noteref_97">97.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Reading <span class= + "tei tei-q">“castitatis,”</span> from which it is difficult to + extract any meaning. The above strains the Latin unduly. + Constantius has <span class="tei tei-q">“castrorum,”</span> which + gives a better sense.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_98" name="note_98" href= + "#noteref_98">98.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Maes-y-Garmon (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“The Field of Germanus”</span>), near Mold, in + Flintshire, has been fixed upon as the scene of the Hallelujah + Victory, and the river in which the army was baptized is said to be + the Alyn (Ussher, <span class="tei tei-q">“Antiqq.”</span>). The + story is generally regarded as legendary.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_99" name="note_99" href= + "#noteref_99">99.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Thirteenth bishop of Trèves. This + account sums up nearly all that is known of him.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_100" name="note_100" + href="#noteref_100">100.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This second voyage of St. Germanus is + supposed to have taken place about eighteen years after the first, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, in 447.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_101" name="note_101" + href="#noteref_101">101.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Armoricans had revolted, and + Aetius (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XIII" class="tei tei-ref">13</a> and note) had + enlisted the services of the Alani against them. Germanus, who had + at one time been duke of the Armoricans, went to the Imperial Court + at Ravenna to intercede for them.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_102" name="note_102" + href="#noteref_102">102.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Really the fifth (16th March, 455 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>). Romulus Augustulus + is usually regarded as the last emperor of the west. He was + overthrown in 476 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_103" name="note_103" + href="#noteref_103">103.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The British historian, author of the + <span class="tei tei-q">“De Excidio Liber Querulus,”</span> so + called from the historian's denunciations of the sins of the + Britons. He himself tells us that he was born in the year of the + battle of Badon Hill (Mons Badonicus), and that he wrote his + History forty-four years after that date. According to Bede (cf. c. + <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>, and c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">16</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>) this would place his + birth approximately in the year 493, but see note on c. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XVI" class="tei tei-ref">16</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_104" name="note_104" + href="#noteref_104">104.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gregory the Great. Cf. <a href= + "#Preface" class="tei tei-ref">Preface</a>. Bede places the date of + his accession a year too late as well as that of his death + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_I" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 1</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>, but in the same chapter he rightly places his + death in the second year of Phocas, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + 604).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_105" name="note_105" + href="#noteref_105">105.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Augustine was prior of St. Gregory's + Monastery dedicated to St. Andrew in Rome.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_106" name="note_106" + href="#noteref_106">106.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. IV, 5, p. <a href="#Pg227" class= + "tei tei-ref">227</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_107" name="note_107" + href="#noteref_107">107.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is a mistake. Aetherius was + archbishop of Lyons. Vergilius was archbishop of Arles. The letter + given here, however, is the letter sent to Aetherius. Similar + letters were despatched to other bishops at this time; among them + one to Vergilius of Arles.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_108" name="note_108" + href="#noteref_108">108.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A presbyter sent into Gaul by Gregory + in 595 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> to administer the + little patrimony of St. Peter in Gaul, to collect its revenues and + to invest them in raiment for the poor, or in English slave lads to + serve in the monasteries and receive a Christian education.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_109" name="note_109" + href="#noteref_109">109.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ethelbert was the third Bretwalda or + dominant king. He had established a practical hegemony over the + East Anglians, the Mercians of the Trent Valley, the South Saxons, + East Saxons, and even the West Saxons (cf. II, 5, p. <a href= + "#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref">94</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_110" name="note_110" + href="#noteref_110">110.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Families, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">hides</span></span>. The hide, probably, was + as much land as would support a family, hence the extent must have + varied with the different conditions in different parts of the + country.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_111" name="note_111" + href="#noteref_111">111.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In Bede's time Thanet was divided from + the rest of Kent by a broad channel called the Wantsum, now partly + represented by the River Stour.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_112" name="note_112" + href="#noteref_112">112.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The conjecture that they landed at + Ebbsfleet, which is also traditionally regarded as the + landing-place of Hengist, has been generally adopted. Other + possible landing-places are Stonar and Richborough. For a full + discussion of the question, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“The + Mission of St. Augustine,”</span> ed. Rev. A. T. Mason, D.D.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_113" name="note_113" + href="#noteref_113">113.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It has been supposed, on the strength + of this passage, that the speech of the Franks and the English was + still mutually intelligible. This is supported by a statement of + Gregory (letter to Theoderic and Theodebert) that he had desired + Augustine to take some Frankish priests with him. It is assumed + that these priests were the interpreters. On the other hand, in + view of the fact that only fifty years later we find the language + of the Franks regarded in England as a <span class= + "tei tei-q">“barbara loquella”</span> (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>), it has been inferred that the + interpreters were men who had acquired a knowledge of the dialect + of Kent through commerce or otherwise.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_114" name="note_114" + href="#noteref_114">114.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Daughter of Charibert, king of + Paris.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_115" name="note_115" + href="#noteref_115">115.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Said (on doubtful authority) to have + been bishop of Senlis. He acted as the queen's private chaplain. + There is nothing to show that either he or Bertha attempted to + spread their religion in England, though probably their influence + may not have been without effect on Ethelbert.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_116" name="note_116" + href="#noteref_116">116.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The old Roman town of Doruvernis, + which is the name Bede gives to it throughout the History.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_117" name="note_117" + href="#noteref_117">117.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Martin was regarded with special + reverence in Britain and Ireland. Possibly some of the earliest + missionaries may have been his disciples, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span>, + St. Ninian and St. Patrick. The Roman church of St. Martin at + Canterbury has been frequently altered and partly rebuilt, so that + <span class="tei tei-q">“small portions only of the Roman walls + remain. Roman bricks are used as old materials in the parts + rebuilt”</span> (Parker).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_118" name="note_118" + href="#noteref_118">118.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Augustine was not consecrated as + archbishop either of London or Canterbury, but by the general title + of <span class="tei tei-q">“Archbishop of the English.”</span> + According to Gregory's original scheme, London, not Canterbury, was + to have been the seat of the primacy of southern England (cf. c. + <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIX" class="tei tei-ref">29</a>), London and + York being doubtless the most important cities of south and north + known to him from their history during the Roman occupation. But + Christianity was not permanently established in London till it was + too late to remove the see from Canterbury, which would obviously + commend itself to Augustine as the most suitable place to be the + metropolitan city.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_119" name="note_119" + href="#noteref_119">119.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Aetherius read Vergilius + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, note). <span class= + "tei tei-q">“The occupant of the see of Arles was in some sense + primate of France at this time, and, as such, Vergilius received + the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang= + "la"><span style="font-style: italic">pallium</span></span> and the + papal vice-gerentship in the kingdom of Childebert”</span> (Dict. + Christ. Biog.).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_120" name="note_120" + href="#noteref_120">120.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He succeeded Augustine as archbishop. + For his history, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">6</a>, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_121" name="note_121" + href="#noteref_121">121.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXXIII" class="tei tei-ref">33</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_122" name="note_122" + href="#noteref_122">122.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, those in minor orders; all + below the subdiaconate.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_123" name="note_123" + href="#noteref_123">123.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Luke, xi, 41. <span lang="la" + class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Quod superest</span></span> (Vulgate) = πλήν + (R.V.,<span class="tei tei-q">“Howbeit”</span>; A.V., <span class= + "tei tei-q">“But rather”</span>), adverbial. Gregory takes it to + mean <span class="tei tei-q">“what is over.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_124" name="note_124" + href="#noteref_124">124.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Augustine must have observed these + differences of ritual as he travelled through Gaul. Presumably also + he found the Gallic use adopted at St. Martin's, Canterbury, by + Liudhard. Dr. Bright summarizes these differences, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Early English Church History,”</span> p. 64.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_125" name="note_125" + href="#noteref_125">125.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Reading <span class= + "tei tei-q">“fratris et sororis”</span> (for <span class= + "tei tei-q">“frater et soror”</span>), as the sense requires, but + there is no MS. authority for the change.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_126" name="note_126" + href="#noteref_126">126.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The text of this passage is corrupt, + but no very satisfactory emendations have been suggested.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_127" name="note_127" + href="#noteref_127">127.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The <span lang="la" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Pallium</span></span> is a long strip of fine + cloth ornamented with crosses. It is made from wool of lambs reared + in the convent of St. Agnes at Rome, and is laid for a night on the + tomb of St. Peter. It is worn passing over the shoulders, with the + ends hanging down in front and behind, somewhat in the form of the + letter Y. (The form has varied at different times.) In the east it + is called <span class="tei tei-q">“omophorion:”</span> the bishops + wear it during the celebration of the Eucharist. It originally + formed part of the imperial habit and was granted by the emperor as + a special mark of honour. Afterwards the pope claimed the exclusive + right of bestowing it, and its possession became restricted to + metropolitans, and was considered necessary for the exercise of + their functions.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_128" name="note_128" + href="#noteref_128">128.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Deut., xxiii, 25.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_129" name="note_129" + href="#noteref_129">129.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The reference may be to the third + General Council held at Ephesus in 431 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, at which the rule + was laid down <span class="tei tei-q">“that no bishop may act in + any province which has not always been subject to him.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_130" name="note_130" + href="#noteref_130">130.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is Bede's attempt to reconcile + the discrepancy created by his mistake in cc. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a> and <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">27</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_131" name="note_131" + href="#noteref_131">131.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Mellitus was consecrated Bishop of + London in 604, and succeeded Laurentius in the see of Canterbury in + 619. Justus was consecrated Bishop of Rochester in 604, and + succeeded Mellitus as Primate in 624 (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">II, 3</a>, foll.). + Paulinus was the great missionary bishop of the Northumbrians + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 9</a>, foll.). Rufinianus was the third + abbot of St. Augustine's monastery (SS. Peter and Paul).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_132" name="note_132" + href="#noteref_132">132.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">27</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span>, note. Gregory's + symmetrical scheme was never carried out, and it was not till 735 + that York became a metropolitan see.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_133" name="note_133" + href="#noteref_133">133.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The date is obviously wrong, as it + makes this letter earlier than that in c. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXIX" class="tei tei-ref">29</a>. The name of the + month is omitted in two of the oldest MSS. A satisfactory + emendation (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Plummer, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + loc.</span></span>) is <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Augustarum</span></span> (for <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Juliarum</span></span>), the last month in + Maurice's reign (XV Kal. Aug., <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> + 18th July).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_134" name="note_134" + href="#noteref_134">134.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Luke, x, 17-20.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_135" name="note_135" + href="#noteref_135">135.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Cathedral: Christchurch, + Canterbury; but the original structure was destroyed by fire about + 1067. It was rebuilt by Lanfranc, and enlarged under his successor, + St. Anselm. Prior Conrad finished and decorated the chancel, and + the Church was dedicated in 1130. The choir was again burnt down in + 1174, but at once rebuilt. It was completed in 1184. A new nave and + transept were built between 1378 and 1410, and the great central + tower was carried up to its present height by the end of the + fifteenth century.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_136" name="note_136" + href="#noteref_136">136.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Afterwards called St. Augustine's + Abbey.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_137" name="note_137" + href="#noteref_137">137.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">27</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_138" name="note_138" + href="#noteref_138">138.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ambleteuse, a small sea-port, about + six miles to the north of Boulogne.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_139" name="note_139" + href="#noteref_139">139.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">2</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>; <a href="#Book_III_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 1</a>. He was the grandson of Ida, first king of + Bernicia (V, 24, and note). His father, Ethelric, seized Deira on + the death of Aelli (II, 1, p. <a href="#Pg083" class= + "tei tei-ref">83</a>), and Ethelfrid ruled over both the + Northumbrian kingdoms from 593 to 617.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_140" name="note_140" + href="#noteref_140">140.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gen., xlix, 27.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_141" name="note_141" + href="#noteref_141">141.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, the Dalriadic Scots, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_I" + class="tei tei-ref">1</a>, and note. For Aedan and his wars, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Rhŷs, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Celtic Britain,”</span> pp. 157-159.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_142" name="note_142" + href="#noteref_142">142.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Perhaps Dalston, near Carlisle; more + probably, on philological grounds, Dawstane Rig in Liddesdale; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Skene, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Celtic Scotland,”</span> I, p. 162.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_143" name="note_143" + href="#noteref_143">143.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For a detailed study of St. Gregory, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Gregory the Great, his place in History and + Thought,”</span> by F. Homes Dudden, B.D. (1905). The oldest + biographies are: (1) a Life of Gregory, written by a monk of + Whitby, probably about 713 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, recently discovered + in a MS. belonging to the Monastery of St. Gallen; (2) the Life by + Paul the Deacon, written towards the end of the eighth century; (3) + the Life by John the Deacon, written about the end of the ninth + century.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_144" name="note_144" + href="#noteref_144">144.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIII" + class="tei tei-ref">I, 23</a>. Gregory's pontificate extended from + 590 to 604.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_145" name="note_145" + href="#noteref_145">145.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 Cor., ix, 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_146" name="note_146" + href="#noteref_146">146.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">We cannot be certain which Felix is + meant. The choice seems to lie between Felix III, Bishop of Rome, + 483-492, and Felix IV, 526-530. Mr. Homes Dudden decides in favour + of the latter, on the authority of John the Deacon. In either case, + the word <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">atavus</span></span> cannot be used in its + strict sense.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_147" name="note_147" + href="#noteref_147">147.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Apocrisiarius</span></span>, official + representative of the see of Rome at the Imperial Court of + Constantinople (Latin: <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" + xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">responsalis</span></span>). Ducange explains + the word as: <span class="tei tei-q">“nomen inditum legatis, quod + ἀποκρίσεις seu responsa principum deferrent.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_148" name="note_148" + href="#noteref_148">148.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Moralia,”</span> a commentary on the Book of Job, + expounding it historically, allegorically, and in its practical + bearing on morals. His other undoubtedly genuine works are those + mentioned in the text: Twenty-two homilies on Ezekiel; forty + homilies on the Gospels for the day, preached by himself at various + times; the <span class="tei tei-q">“Liber Regulae + Pastoralis,”</span> on the duties and responsibilities of the + pastoral office, a very widely studied book; four books of + Dialogues, <span class="tei tei-q">“De vita et miraculis patrum + Italicorum et de aeternitate animae,”</span> also one of his most + famous works; and fourteen books of letters to various persons on + many subjects. There are also some doubtful works. Of these, the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Liber Sacramentorum”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>), the <span class="tei tei-q">“Liber + Antiphonarius”</span> (a collection of Antiphons for Mass), and the + Hymns have been generally regarded as genuine, but recent research + seems to show that they cannot be attributed to Gregory. That he + introduced the <span class="tei tei-q">“Cantus Gregorianus”</span> + can also probably be no longer maintained; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span> note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_149" name="note_149" + href="#noteref_149">149.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Patriarch of Constantinople, + celebrated as a saint by the Greeks. He was born at Theium in + Phrygia, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 512 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> Towards the end of + his life he maintained the above theory in a book on the + Resurrection. He was opposed by Gregory, and the book was burnt by + order of the Emperor Tiberius, who, however, visited him when he + fell ill soon after, and received his blessing. He died on Easter + Day, 582, and the <span class="tei tei-q">“heresy”</span> was + suffered to rest. (He is, of course, not to be confused with + Eutyches, author of the heresy known as <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Eutychianism,”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 17</a>.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_150" name="note_150" + href="#noteref_150">150.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Luke, xxiv, 39.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_151" name="note_151" + href="#noteref_151">151.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Tiberius II, emperor of the East, + 578-582 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_152" name="note_152" + href="#noteref_152">152.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">I, 27.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_153" name="note_153" + href="#noteref_153">153.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A Synodical epistle, such as + newly-elected bishops were in the habit of sending to other + bishops. The subject-matter is the same as that of the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Pastoral Care.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_154" name="note_154" + href="#noteref_154">154.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Heb., xii, 6.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_155" name="note_155" + href="#noteref_155">155.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Job, xxix, 11-17.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_156" name="note_156" + href="#noteref_156">156.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The quotation is from the Vulgate + (Job, xxxi, 16-18). The sentence is finished in v. 22: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Then let mine arm fall from my shoulder + blade....”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_157" name="note_157" + href="#noteref_157">157.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">John the Deacon attributes to Gregory + the <span class="tei tei-q">“Liber Sacramentorum,”</span> or + Gregorian Sacramentary, a revision of the Gelasian Sacramentary. It + seems probable, however, that it is of much later date. Only a few + alterations in the Liturgy and in the ceremonial of the Mass are + proved to have been effected by Gregory. In the Canon of the Mass + he introduced two changes, viz.: (1) he inserted the words here + quoted; (2) he altered the position of the Lord's Prayer + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Homes Dudden, pp. + 264-271).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_158" name="note_158" + href="#noteref_158">158.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, 604 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, cf. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">I, 23</a>; <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">II, 1</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_159" name="note_159" + href="#noteref_159">159.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Deira was the southern part of the + province of Northumbria, the northern part being Bernicia. Deira + was bounded on the south by the Humber; on the north, according to + some authorities, by the Tyne, according to others, by the Tees. + The discrepancy doubtless arose from the fact that the part between + the two latter rivers was a desert subject to no authority. To the + west lay the British kingdoms.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_160" name="note_160" + href="#noteref_160">160.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The son of Yffi, the first king of + Deira. The ancient pedigrees trace the descent of the royal houses + of Deira and Bernicia from two sons of Woden.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_161" name="note_161" + href="#noteref_161">161.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This pope was either Benedict I + (574-578) or Pelagius II (578-590), the immediate predecessor of + Gregory. The oldest extant life of Gregory (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> p. + <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref">75</a>, note) makes him + Benedict, and is followed by John the Deacon. If this is right, the + incident related in the text must be placed before Gregory's + departure to Constantinople in 579. Paul the Deacon places it after + his return in 585 or 586, and asserts that the pope was Pelagius + II.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_162" name="note_162" + href="#noteref_162">162.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The date of the synod is uncertain. It + was probably about 602 or 603 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, after the arrival of + Gregory's <span class="tei tei-q">“Responsa.”</span> The + <span class="tei tei-q">“nearest province”</span> must mean what we + call South Wales, though it is possible that the Britons of + Cornwall were also represented. The scene of the conference has + been generally supposed to be Aust, on the Severn, opposite + Chepstow, and the name may possibly preserve the memory of + Augustine, though more probably it is derived from <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Trajectus Augusti”</span> (Haddan and Stubbs). Other + possible sites are Malmesbury (Green, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Making of England”</span>), and a spot called + <span class="tei tei-q">“the Oak,”</span> near Cricklade, on the + Upper Thames, which would be on the borders of the Hwiccas and West + Saxons (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Plummer, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + loc.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_163" name="note_163" + href="#noteref_163">163.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Hwiccas were in the present + Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, north-west of Wessex.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_164" name="note_164" + href="#noteref_164">164.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Cf. especially + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 25</a>, and + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">V, 21</a>. (Other + references are: II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-ref">4</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">19</a>; III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-ref">4</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">29</a>; V, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">15</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-ref">22</a>.)</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">A full + discussion of this involved question is beyond our scope. Readers + are referred to Plummer (Excursus on Paschal Controversy), + Bright, or Hunt. Here, the point at issue may be briefly stated. + It was regarded as essential by the Roman Church that Easter Day + should be kept on a Sunday, in the third week of the first month, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, the month in which the + full moon occurred on or after the vernal equinox. The Celts + observed the Feast on Sunday, and were, therefore, not rightly + called <span class="tei tei-q">“Quartodecimans”</span> (the name + given to those who observed it on the 14th of the month Nisan, + the day of the Jewish Passover, without regard to the day of the + week). They differed from the Romans in fixing the vernal equinox + at March 25th, instead of March 21st, and in their reckoning of + the third week, holding it to be from the 14th to the 20th of the + moon inclusive. The Roman Church originally reckoned it from the + 16th to the 22nd, but ultimately fixed it from the 15th to the + 21st (cf. V, 21, p. <a href="#Pg365" class= + "tei tei-ref">365</a>).</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There was a + further divergence in the <span class="tei tei-q">“cycles”</span> + adopted to ascertain the day in each year on which the Paschal + moon would fall. The Celts retained an old cycle of eighty-four + years, while the Romans had finally adopted one of nineteen. It + is obvious that these differences must necessarily lead to great + divergence in practice and consequently serious inconvenience. + The real importance of this and the other points of difference, + settled afterwards at the Synod of Whitby, lay in the question + whether England was to conform to the practice of the Catholic + Church, or to isolate herself from it by local peculiarities (cf. + the reply of the British to Augustine: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“They would do none of those things nor receive him + as their archbishop”</span>).</p> + </dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_165" name="note_165" + href="#noteref_165">165.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span>, Consecration of bishops by + a single bishop, certain differences of ritual (Gregory's + <span class="tei tei-q">“Responsa”</span> admit of some latitude in + these matters), and the tonsure, which was a more controversial + point (cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 26</a>, and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 21</a>). The Romans shaved only the top of the head, letting the + hair grow in the form of a crown. The Celts shaved the whole front + of the head from ear to ear, leaving the hair at the back. A third + method was the Oriental, which consisted in shaving the whole head + (cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_166" name="note_166" + href="#noteref_166">166.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The place of the second conference is + not mentioned. It is generally assumed that it was the same as that + of the first. All attempts to determine the names and sees of these + bishops rest upon the most uncertain evidence.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_167" name="note_167" + href="#noteref_167">167.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Probably Bangor-is-Coed, in + Flintshire, from which it appears that North Wales was represented + at the second conference. The size and importance of the monastery + are inferred by William of Malmesbury, writing in the twelfth + century, from the extent of the ruins, which were all that was left + of it in his time.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_168" name="note_168" + href="#noteref_168">168.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dunawd, or Dunod; Latin: Donatus + (Rhŷs).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_169" name="note_169" + href="#noteref_169">169.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It is not known in what way the + practice of the British Church differed from that of the Romans in + the rite of Baptism. It may have been by the neglect of + Confirmation as the completion of Baptism (cf. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“compleatis”</span> in the text). Other suggestions + are: single immersion (but this was permitted in Spain); the + omission of chrism, an omission which was affirmed of the Irish at + a later period; some defect in the invocation of the Trinity. This + conjecture rests on a canon respecting Baptism established in the + English Church from the time of Augustine (quoted by Haddan and + Stubbs from a letter of Pope Zacharias to Boniface), which enforces + the full invocation.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_170" name="note_170" + href="#noteref_170">170.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 34</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_171" name="note_171" + href="#noteref_171">171.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Chester, the seat of the Twentieth + legion. <span class="tei tei-q">“Legionum civitas, quae nunc + simpliciter Cestra vocatur.”</span> (William of Malmesbury.) Cf. + note on I, 7, p. <a href="#Pg018" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>. The + date of the battle cannot be accurately fixed. The <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Annales Cambriae”</span> give 613, but it may have + been a few years later. Bede only tells us that it was a + considerable time after Augustine's death, which was probably in + 604 or 605.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_172" name="note_172" + href="#noteref_172">172.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span> + p. <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref">86</a>, note 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_173" name="note_173" + href="#noteref_173">173.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Nothing certain is known of this Welsh + prince.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_174" name="note_174" + href="#noteref_174">174.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 29</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_175" name="note_175" + href="#noteref_175">175.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The site is covered by the present + cathedral.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_176" name="note_176" + href="#noteref_176">176.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rochester. The new see was closely + dependent on Canterbury, and till 1148 the archbishop had the + appointment to this bishopric.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_177" name="note_177" + href="#noteref_177">177.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Probably in memory of his monastery on + the Coelian (cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 23</a>). According to Rochester tradition, + Ethelbert gave to the church some land called Priestfield to the + south of the city, and other lands to the north. There exists a + charter of Ethelbert to the city of Rochester, believed to be + genuine.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_178" name="note_178" + href="#noteref_178">178.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The year is not given, and is not + certainly known. It is generally assumed to have been 604 or + 605.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_179" name="note_179" + href="#noteref_179">179.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was in 613, by Laurentius. St. + Augustine's body was translated on September 13th. It was moved + again in the twelfth century and placed under the high altar.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_180" name="note_180" + href="#noteref_180">180.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Porticus”</span>; variously translated: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“porch,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“aisle,”</span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“transept,”</span> and <span class= + "tei tei-q">“chapel.”</span> Ducange explains it as <span class= + "tei tei-q">“aedis sacrae propylaeum in porticus formam + exstructum,”</span> and says it was also used improperly for the + sanctuary. Plummer (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad loc.</span></span>) says it means side + chapel, as often. The mention of the altar just below seems to + support this meaning (if, indeed, <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">haec</span></span> refers to the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“porticus,”</span> and not to the church itself, as is + assumed in the A.S. version).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_181" name="note_181" + href="#noteref_181">181.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Theodore <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Preface" class="tei tei-ref">Preface</a>, p. <a href= + "#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref">2</a>, note 2; <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>; <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 8</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">et + saep.</span></span>; and for Bertwald, V, 8. Cuthbert (740-758) was + the first archbishop buried in Christ Church, Canterbury, instead + of at St. Augustine's.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_182" name="note_182" + href="#noteref_182">182.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">I, 27</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_183" name="note_183" + href="#noteref_183">183.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede thus distinguishes them from the + colony in Scotland. Cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 1</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_184" name="note_184" + href="#noteref_184">184.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ireland. Iona may be included, as may + be inferred from a comparison of <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 21</a> (<span class="tei tei-q">“reversus + est ad insulam Hii”</span>) with <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 24</a> (<span class="tei tei-q">“ad + Scottiam rediit”</span>). But Bede does not use <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Scottia”</span> for Scotland.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_185" name="note_185" + href="#noteref_185">185.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Inver Daeile (Ennereilly) in + Wicklow.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_186" name="note_186" + href="#noteref_186">186.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The most famous of the great Irish + missionaries who laboured on the Continent. He was born in Leinster + about 540, went to Gaul about 574, founded three monasteries + (Annegray, Luxeuil, and Fontaines), worked for twenty years among + the Franks and Burgundians, afterwards among the Suevi and + Alemanni, and finally in Italy, where he founded a monastery at + Bobbio and died there in 615. He was a vigorous supporter of the + Celtic usages and an active opponent of Arianism. He instituted a + monastic rule of great severity.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_187" name="note_187" + href="#noteref_187">187.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Nothing more is known of this council. + The pope was Boniface IV, 608-615.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_188" name="note_188" + href="#noteref_188">188.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">610 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_189" name="note_189" + href="#noteref_189">189.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">To commemorate the dedication the pope + introduced into the Western Church the Festival of All Saints, + celebrated at first probably on 13th May. The Eastern Church had + from early times observed a Festival of All Martyrs, which became + later the Festival of All Saints, kept by them on the Sunday after + Whitsunday.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_190" name="note_190" + href="#noteref_190">190.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">As Bretwalda, or paramount sovereign + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Stubbs, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Constitutional History,”</span> I, pp. 162-163). Aelli + and Ceaulin are not elsewhere mentioned in this work. For Redwald, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>; for Edwin, c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" + class="tei tei-ref">9</a>, foll.; for Oswald, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">III, 1</a>, foll.; and for + Oswy, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 14</a>, + foll.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_191" name="note_191" + href="#noteref_191">191.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Anglesea and Man.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_192" name="note_192" + href="#noteref_192">192.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is inaccurate and inconsistent + with Bede's own statement in <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V. 24</a>. Augustine did not arrive in Britain till + 597. The dates given above, at the beginning of this chapter, are, + however, probably correct, if he means that Ethelbert died + twenty-one years after the dispatch of the mission from Rome.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_193" name="note_193" + href="#noteref_193">193.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Witenagemot, the supreme assembly. + This is the first recorded instance of its legislative action. The + <span class="tei tei-q">“decisions”</span> are the so-called + <span class="tei tei-q">“dooms.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_194" name="note_194" + href="#noteref_194">194.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“—ing”</span> + is a Saxon patronymic.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_195" name="note_195" + href="#noteref_195">195.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It was Ethelbert's second wife. Bertha + had died before him.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_196" name="note_196" + href="#noteref_196">196.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Or Gewissae. The West Saxons, an + antiquated term for them. Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>: <span class="tei tei-q">“Occidentalium + Saxonum, qui antiquitus Gewissae vocabantur”</span> (cf. + <span class="tei tei-q">“visi”</span> = west, in <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Visigoth”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_197" name="note_197" + href="#noteref_197">197.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">At Canterbury, to the east of the + church of SS. Peter and Paul, to which it was afterwards + joined.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_198" name="note_198" + href="#noteref_198">198.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">619 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_199" name="note_199" + href="#noteref_199">199.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Boniface V.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_200" name="note_200" + href="#noteref_200">200.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Their names are said to have been: + Severus, Severianus, Victorinus, and Carpophorus (v. addition to + Bede's Martyrology at 8th November). They suffered martyrdom at + Rome in the Diocletian persecution. A church was erected in their + honour on the Coelian, and on its site stands the present church of + the Santi Quattro Coronati.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_201" name="note_201" + href="#noteref_201">201.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., xxviii, 20.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_202" name="note_202" + href="#noteref_202">202.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, the reward is bestowed on + that gift of faithful and successful service which he might hand on + in its results to posterity. But the text is probably corrupt, and + it is difficult to extract sense from it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_203" name="note_203" + href="#noteref_203">203.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., x, 22.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_204" name="note_204" + href="#noteref_204">204.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He means Eadbald.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_205" name="note_205" + href="#noteref_205">205.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. xix, 4.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_206" name="note_206" + href="#noteref_206">206.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. 5, p. <a href="#Pg094" class= + "tei tei-ref">94</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_207" name="note_207" + href="#noteref_207">207.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 29</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_208" name="note_208" + href="#noteref_208">208.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Except Kent. Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">5</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_209" name="note_209" + href="#noteref_209">209.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_210" name="note_210" + href="#noteref_210">210.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A term of endearment.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_211" name="note_211" + href="#noteref_211">211.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Cor., xi, 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_212" name="note_212" + href="#noteref_212">212.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Cor., iv, 4.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_213" name="note_213" + href="#noteref_213">213.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apparently joint king with his father, + Cynegils (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 7</a>). The hegemony which the West-Saxon Ceaulin had possessed + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">5</a>) had passed to + Northumbria.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_214" name="note_214" + href="#noteref_214">214.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Easter Eve, April 19th, + 626.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_215" name="note_215" + href="#noteref_215">215.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Supposed to be at Aldby, near Stamford + Bridge, but other conjectures have been advanced.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_216" name="note_216" + href="#noteref_216">216.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Twelve in some MSS. and in <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>. The baptism was + on the Eve of Whitsunday (cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V. 24</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“in Sabbato + Pentecostes”</span>). The Eves of Easter and Whitsunday were usual + days for baptisms; the Roman Church tried to limit them to these + seasons, but Christmas and Epiphany were also favourite times.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_217" name="note_217" + href="#noteref_217">217.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Boniface V, unless, as Dr. Bright + suggests, the name is a scribe's error for Honorius, his successor. + Boniface V died in October, 625. Paulinus had only been consecrated + in the preceding July, so it is impossible that Boniface could have + heard of Edwin's delay in receiving the faith; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + following letter (c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-ref">11</a>). But there is a reference in the same letter + to Eadbald's conversion, the news of which must have come in the + time of Boniface rather than of Honorius. The difficulty is not + cleared up.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_218" name="note_218" + href="#noteref_218">218.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Reading <span class= + "tei tei-q">“profert”</span> for the impossible <span class= + "tei tei-q">“proferetur.”</span> The style of this letter is very + involved and there seems to be a good deal of corruption in the + text.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_219" name="note_219" + href="#noteref_219">219.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Adopting the conjecture <span class= + "tei tei-q">“propinemus.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_220" name="note_220" + href="#noteref_220">220.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The MSS. reading (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“totius creaturae suae dilatandi subdi”</span>) yields + no sense here, but no satisfactory conjecture has been made.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_221" name="note_221" + href="#noteref_221">221.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">From the Vulgate, Ps. xcv, 5 (Ps. + xcvi, 5 in our Psalter).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_222" name="note_222" + href="#noteref_222">222.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. cxiii, 5-8 (cxv in our + Psalter).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_223" name="note_223" + href="#noteref_223">223.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gen., ii, 24; St. Matt., xix, 5; St. + Mark, x, 7; Eph., v, 31.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_224" name="note_224" + href="#noteref_224">224.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 Cor., vii, 14, cf. 16.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_225" name="note_225" + href="#noteref_225">225.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Reading <span class= + "tei tei-q">“conversione.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_226" name="note_226" + href="#noteref_226">226.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, of East Anglia (Norfolk, + Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire). Cf. c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">5</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_227" name="note_227" + href="#noteref_227">227.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 34</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_228" name="note_228" + href="#noteref_228">228.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Verg. Aen., IV, 2, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“caeco carpitur igni.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_229" name="note_229" + href="#noteref_229">229.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A tributary of the Trent. The battle + is supposed to have been fought near Retford, in Nottinghamshire, + before April 12th, 617. Cf. Bede's statement that Edwin was + baptized on April 12th, 627, in the eleventh year of his reign (c. + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_230" name="note_230" + href="#noteref_230">230.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Witenagemot.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_231" name="note_231" + href="#noteref_231">231.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Goodmanham, near Market Weighton, in + the East Riding of Yorkshire.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_232" name="note_232" + href="#noteref_232">232.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Verg. Aen., II. 502.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_233" name="note_233" + href="#noteref_233">233.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Easter Eve. Cf. c. 9, p. + <a href="#Pg104" class="tei tei-ref">104</a>, note 3.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_234" name="note_234" + href="#noteref_234">234.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">On the site now covered by York + Cathedral. The little wooden oratory was carefully preserved and + adorned with gifts. The church has been repeatedly rebuilt, and of + the Saxon building nothing remains but the central wall of the + crypt.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_235" name="note_235" + href="#noteref_235">235.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_236" name="note_236" + href="#noteref_236">236.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The newly-baptized wore white garments + till the octave of the day of their baptism, and appeared in church + daily with lighted tapers and accompanied by their sponsors.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_237" name="note_237" + href="#noteref_237">237.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Wuscfrea and Yffi, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. 20, p. <a href="#Pg132" class= + "tei tei-ref">132</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_238" name="note_238" + href="#noteref_238">238.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Yeavering in Glendale, near Wooler in + Northumberland. The name, Adgefrin, is one of those (common in + Anglo-Saxon) in which the preposition is prefixed. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Æt”</span> (Latin <span lang="la" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad</span></span>) and <span class= + "tei tei-q">“in”</span> are so used. The idiom is preserved in the + Latin. Cf. Ad Murum, Ad Caprae Caput (III, 21), Infeppingum + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">(ibid.), + et saep.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_239" name="note_239" + href="#noteref_239">239.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The stream, in its upper reaches + called the Bowmont Water, is still called the Glen at Yeavering. It + is a tributary of the Till. Pallinsburn, in the neighbourhood of + Coldstream, preserves by its name the memory of similar baptisms by + Paulinus.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_240" name="note_240" + href="#noteref_240">240.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Perhaps Millfield, near Wooler; but + Mindrum and Kirknewton in the same district have also been + suggested.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_241" name="note_241" + href="#noteref_241">241.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Catterick Bridge (the Roman station + Cataractonium, on the Watling Street), near Richmond in the North + Riding of Yorkshire.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_242" name="note_242" + href="#noteref_242">242.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Perhaps Doncaster. Other suggestions + are Slack, near Huddersfield, and Tanfield, near Ripon. The + Anglo-Saxon version has Donafeld.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_243" name="note_243" + href="#noteref_243">243.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Leeds. The royal township + (<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">villa</span></span>) is said to have been at + Oswinthorp.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_244" name="note_244" + href="#noteref_244">244.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Elmet Wood, near Leeds.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_245" name="note_245" + href="#noteref_245">245.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" + class="tei tei-ref">17</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>. His father was Ethelhere, King of East Anglia + (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 24</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_246" name="note_246" + href="#noteref_246">246.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For the patronymic, cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span> + c. 5, p. <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref">95</a>, and + note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_247" name="note_247" + href="#noteref_247">247.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 18</a>. He was Earpwald's half-brother, + and had been driven into exile by his step-father, Redwald. Besides + becoming a Christian, he had acquired a taste for secular learning + in the ecclesiastical schools of Gaul.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_248" name="note_248" + href="#noteref_248">248.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. III, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“An important feature of this mission, as it was of the + Kentish, was the combination of education with religion, by means + of a school such as Sigbert had seen abroad, and as by this time + existed at Canterbury in connection with the house of SS. Peter and + Paul”</span> (Bright, p. 143). The name of Felix is preserved in + Felixstowe, on the coast of Suffolk, and in Feliskirk, a Yorkshire + village.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_249" name="note_249" + href="#noteref_249">249.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Infra</span></span> cc. <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XVI" class="tei tei-ref">16</a>, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">et + saep.</span></span> He was a disciple of Pope Gregory, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“vir in rebus ecclesiasticis sublimiter + institutus”</span> (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_250" name="note_250" + href="#noteref_250">250.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dunwich, on the coast of Suffolk, once + an important town, afterwards partially submerged. The diocese was + divided into two by Theodore, and both sees became extinct during + the Danish invasions. After various vicissitudes, the seat of the + East Anglian bishopric was established at Norwich. Cf. IV, 5, p. + <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref">231</a>, note 1.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_251" name="note_251" + href="#noteref_251">251.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Lindsey, the largest of the three + divisions of Lincolnshire, was at times Mercian, at times + Northumbrian. At this time it appears to have been dependent on + Northumbria; cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_252" name="note_252" + href="#noteref_252">252.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span> The church which stands on the probable site of + this church is called St. Paul's. The name has been supposed to be + a corruption of <span class="tei tei-q">“Paulinus.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_253" name="note_253" + href="#noteref_253">253.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Partney, in Lincolnshire; afterwards + it became a cell of Bardney Abbey.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_254" name="note_254" + href="#noteref_254">254.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The place cannot be identified with + certainty. Torksey, Southwell, Newark, Fiskerton, and Littleborough + have all been suggested.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_255" name="note_255" + href="#noteref_255">255.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_256" name="note_256" + href="#noteref_256">256.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A form of standard adopted from the + Romans. It was made of feathers attached to a spear.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_257" name="note_257" + href="#noteref_257">257.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. the instructions of Gregory: + <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXIX" class="tei tei-ref">I, 29</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_258" name="note_258" + href="#noteref_258">258.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede does not mention the year of his + death. The Saxon Chronicle places it in 627, and this is supported + by William of Malmesbury. Smith places it in 630.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_259" name="note_259" + href="#noteref_259">259.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., xi, 28.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_260" name="note_260" + href="#noteref_260">260.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., xxv, 21.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_261" name="note_261" + href="#noteref_261">261.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, the kings of Northumbria + and Kent. For similar combined action on the part of a Northumbrian + and a Kentish king, cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 29</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_262" name="note_262" + href="#noteref_262">262.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Heracleonas, son of + Heraclius and half-brother of Constantine III; associated with them + in the Empire.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_263" name="note_263" + href="#noteref_263">263.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Irish. For their error + with regard to Easter, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">4</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_264" name="note_264" + href="#noteref_264">264.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">John IV, consecrated December 25th, + 640. Severinus was Pope for a few months only. Apparently (cf. + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span>) the Irish ecclesiastics + had consulted him about the Easter question.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_265" name="note_265" + href="#noteref_265">265.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span> + c. 2, p. <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref">84</a>, note. On the + Paschal question the Council of Nicaea passed no canon, but the + understanding was established that <span class="tei tei-q">“all the + brethren in the East, who formerly celebrated Easter with the Jews, + will henceforth keep it agreeably with the Romans and ourselves and + all who from ancient time have kept Easter as we”</span>; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, that they should all keep + Easter on the first day of the week, but never on the 14th of the + month Nisan, even when it fell on a Sunday. The object of the rule + was to avoid the day of the Jewish Passover.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_266" name="note_266" + href="#noteref_266">266.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 10</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_267" name="note_267" + href="#noteref_267">267.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">These bishops have been identified as + follows: Tomianus is Tomene, Abbot and Bishop of Armagh; Columbanus + is Colman, Abbot of Clonard (also a bishop); Cromanus is Cronan, + Bishop of Nendrum, or Inishmahee; Dinnaus is probably Dima, Bishop + of Connor; Baithanus has not been identified with any certainty. + With regard to the priests the proposed identifications are more + conjectural. Saranus is a certain Saran Ua Critain. Two + vice-gerents of the Papal see are associated with the Pope elect in + writing this letter. The arch-presbyter and the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“primicerius notariorum,”</span> with the archdeacon, + acted as vice-gerents during a vacancy, or in the absence of the + Pope (cf. Plummer <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad loc.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_268" name="note_268" + href="#noteref_268">268.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is not fairly stated. The Irish + were not <span class="tei tei-q">“Quartodecimans,”</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, did not insist on the + celebration of Easter being on the fourteenth of the moon. They + only included that day as a possible one for Easter (cf. + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">supra</span></span> c. 2, p. <a href="#Pg084" + class="tei tei-ref">84</a>, note 3).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_269" name="note_269" + href="#noteref_269">269.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. li, 5, in our Psalter. The + quotation is partly from the Vulgate, partly from the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Roman”</span> Psalter, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + Jerome's revision of the old Italic version.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_270" name="note_270" + href="#noteref_270">270.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Or Cadwallon, King of Gwynedd, in + North Wales. His father Cadvan, had sheltered Edwin during his + exile. Afterwards, when Cadwallon invaded Northumbria, Edwin + defeated him and drove him from his kingdom. Having regained it, + Cadwallon now allied himself with Penda, king of the Mercians (626- + or 627-655) in a successful attempt to shake off the Northumbrian + supremacy.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_271" name="note_271" + href="#noteref_271">271.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Generally identified with Hatfield + Chase, north-east of Doncaster.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_272" name="note_272" + href="#noteref_272">272.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class= + "tei tei-ref">119</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_273" name="note_273" + href="#noteref_273">273.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_274" name="note_274" + href="#noteref_274">274.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His body was ultimately buried at + Whitby; cf. III, 24, p. <a href="#Pg190" class= + "tei tei-ref">190</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_275" name="note_275" + href="#noteref_275">275.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Eanfled, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>. For Yffi and + Wuscfrea, c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">14</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_276" name="note_276" + href="#noteref_276">276.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">5</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_277" name="note_277" + href="#noteref_277">277.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was a kinsman. Ethelberg's mother, + Bertha, was a daughter of Charibert, King of Paris (cf. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">I, 25</a>, note). His + brother, Chilperic, was Dagobert's grandfather.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_278" name="note_278" + href="#noteref_278">278.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_VIII" + class="tei tei-ref">8</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_279" name="note_279" + href="#noteref_279">279.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">16</a>, and <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 25</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_280" name="note_280" + href="#noteref_280">280.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">14</a>. The village cannot be identified. + Akeburgh has been suggested, the name being regarded as a + corruption of <span class="tei tei-q">“Jacobsburgh.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_281" name="note_281" + href="#noteref_281">281.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The <span class="tei tei-q">“Cantus + Romanus,”</span> brought to England by the Roman mission; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, the style of Church music + according to the use of Rome. The theory that Gregory the Great was + the founder of Gregorian music, which superseded the old + <span class="tei tei-q">“Cantus Ambrosianus”</span> everywhere in + the West except at Milan, must in all probability be abandoned. It + seems to be established that no change of any importance was made + till nearly a hundred years after Gregory's time, and <span class= + "tei tei-q">“the terms <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Gregorianus,’</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Ambrosianus Cantus,’</span> probably mean nothing more + than the style of singing according to the respective uses of Rome + and Milan.”</span> (F. Homes Dudden, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Gregory the Great,”</span> I, p. 274.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_282" name="note_282" + href="#noteref_282">282.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. II, 1, p. <a href="#Pg082" class= + "tei tei-ref">82</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_283" name="note_283" + href="#noteref_283">283.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 34</a>; II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">2</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_284" name="note_284" + href="#noteref_284">284.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Osric and Eanfrid.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_285" name="note_285" + href="#noteref_285">285.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 20</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_286" name="note_286" + href="#noteref_286">286.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“In oppido + municipio.”</span> Commentators are agreed that Bede means York. It + was a Roman <span class="tei tei-q">“Colonia,”</span> and is called + a <span class="tei tei-q">“municipium”</span> by Aurelius Victor, + though whether Bede attaches any definitely Roman meaning to the + term seems doubtful. Ducange explains <span class= + "tei tei-q">“municipium”</span> as <span class= + "tei tei-q">“castrum,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“castellum + muris cinctum.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_287" name="note_287" + href="#noteref_287">287.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">From the death of Edwin (October 12th, + 633), for Oswald's reign is reckoned as lasting nine years, + including the <span class="tei tei-q">“hateful year,”</span> and he + was killed August 5th, 642. Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_288" name="note_288" + href="#noteref_288">288.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, probably before the end of + 634.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_289" name="note_289" + href="#noteref_289">289.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not identified with any certainty, but + probably the Rowley Water or a tributary of it. It cannot be, as + has been suggested, the Devil's Water, which is clearly + distinguished from it in a charter of the thirteenth century. + Caedwalla must have fled southwards for eight or nine miles after + the battle (cf. next note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_290" name="note_290" + href="#noteref_290">290.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For another instance of a name with an + inner meaning, cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>. The site of the battle is probably seven + or eight miles north of Hexham (v. next note), Oswald having taken + up his position on the northern side of the Roman wall between the + Tyne and the Solway (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, the wall attributed to + Hadrian, cf. I, 12, p. <a href="#Pg025" class="tei tei-ref">25</a>, + note). According to tradition the battle was finally won at a place + called Halydene (Hallington?), two miles to the east.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_291" name="note_291" + href="#noteref_291">291.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hexham. Wilfrid built a magnificent + church there between the years 672-678 on land given by + Ethelthryth, wife of Egfrid, king of Northumbria. It became the see + of a bishop in 678 when the great northern diocese was subdivided + by Theodore (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>). Bede's own monastery of Wearmouth + and Jarrow was in the diocese of Hexham. The bishopric became + extinct in 821.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_292" name="note_292" + href="#noteref_292">292.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The place is still called St. + Oswald's, and a little chapel probably marks the spot.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_293" name="note_293" + href="#noteref_293">293.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Irish.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_294" name="note_294" + href="#noteref_294">294.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 2</a>, note on Paschal Controversy.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_295" name="note_295" + href="#noteref_295">295.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Laodicea, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> + 284 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> According to + Eusebius, he was the first to arrange the cycle of nineteen years. + The Canon quoted by the Celts in support of their observance of + Easter is proved to be a forgery, probably of the seventh century + and of British origin.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_296" name="note_296" + href="#noteref_296">296.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Probably they adopted Catholic customs + about 633, after the return of their delegates sent to consult the + Roman Church on this question in 631.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_297" name="note_297" + href="#noteref_297">297.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Preface, p. <a href="#Pg004" + class="tei tei-ref">4</a>, note 3. The Celtic missionaries were + generally attracted to remote sites, and this, the first mission + station of the Celtic Church in Northumbria, was doubtless chosen + for the resemblance of its physical features to Iona. The + constitution was also modelled on that of Iona, with this + difference, that it was an episcopal see as well as a monastery. It + was included in the <span class="tei tei-q">“province”</span> of + the Abbot of Iona. The Bishop and all the clergy were monks, and + Aidan himself was Abbot as well as Bishop.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_298" name="note_298" + href="#noteref_298">298.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Sacerdotali,”</span> perhaps (but not necessarily + here) = <span class="tei tei-q">“episcopal,”</span> as often. There + may have been a number of the Irish non-diocesan bishops in the + mission.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_299" name="note_299" + href="#noteref_299">299.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Iona, a name supposed to have arisen + from a mistaken reading of <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ioua</span></span>, an adjectival form used by + Adamnan (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span> note 4), feminine, + agreeing with <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">insula</span></span>, formed from the Irish + name, I, Ii, Hii, etc. (the forms vary greatly). Then <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Iona”</span> was fancifully regarded as the Hebrew + equivalent for <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Columba</span></span> (= a dove), and this + helped to preserve the name.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_300" name="note_300" + href="#noteref_300">300.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Irish.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_301" name="note_301" + href="#noteref_301">301.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For St. Columba, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Dr. + Reeves's edition of the life by Adamnan, Abbot of Iona, 679-704 + (cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">V, 15</a>, + note). Authorities are divided with regard to the date of his + coming to Britain. Dr. Reeves and Mr. Skene, following the Annals + of Tighernach, decide in favour of 563. For his name, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Columcille,”</span> cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_IX" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 9</a>, note. He was of Irish birth, + connected with the Dalriadic Scots, and of royal descent on both + sides of his house. He was ordained priest at Clonard, but was + never a bishop. Many ecclesiastical and monastic foundations + throughout Ireland and Scotland are attributed to him. He travelled + much in both countries, visited Bruide (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>) at Inverness, and founded churches all over + the north of Scotland. He also worked indefatigably in his own + monastery of Iona. In his earlier years his excitable, impatient + temperament seems to have involved him in various wars. He is said + to have stirred up his kinsmen against the Irish king, Diarmaid; + and it has been supposed that his mission to the Picts was + undertaken in expiation of the bloodshed for which he was + responsible.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_302" name="note_302" + href="#noteref_302">302.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">There is much that is legendary in the + account of St. Ninias, and Bede only professes to give the + tradition. He was a Briton, probably a native of Strathclyde. He + studied at Rome and received episcopal consecration there; came + under the influence of St. Martin of Tours, to whom he afterwards + dedicated his church in Galloway, and returned as a missionary to + Britain. His preaching led to the conversion of the Picts of + Galloway and those to whom Bede alludes here as situated to the + south of the Grampians. Irish tradition, difficult to reconcile + with Bede's statement that he was buried at Whitern, tells that he + spent the last years of his life in Ireland and founded a church at + Leinster. He was commemorated there on September 16th, under the + name of Moinenn. The traditional date of his death, September 16th, + 432, has no authority.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_303" name="note_303" + href="#noteref_303">303.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Whitern, on Wigton Bay, so called from + the white appearance of the stone church, as compared with the + usual wooden buildings. The dedication must have been subsequent to + St. Martin's death, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 397. The see was revived + as an Anglian one in Bede's own time (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> V. + 23, p. <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref">381</a>). For the form + of the name, <span class="tei tei-q">“Ad Candidam Casam,”</span> + cf. II, 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note + 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_304" name="note_304" + href="#noteref_304">304.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bruide Mac Maelchon had defeated the + Dalriadic Scots in 560 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> and driven them back + to Cantyre. Northwards his dominion extended as far as the Orkneys + and it is probable that it included the eastern lowlands north of + the Forth (cf. Rhŷs, <span class="tei tei-q">“Celtic + Britain”</span>). Another tradition (Irish) represents Conall, King + of the Dalriadic Scots, as the donor of Iona, but the earliest + Irish authority (ninth or tenth century) agrees with Bede.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_305" name="note_305" + href="#noteref_305">305.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The year in which he died, as well as + the ultimate resting-place of his relics, is uncertain. Dr. Reeves + places his death in 597, the year of St. Augustine's landing.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_306" name="note_306" + href="#noteref_306">306.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, in Irish. The place is + Durrow in Leinster.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_307" name="note_307" + href="#noteref_307">307.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">There was no diocesan episcopate in + the early Irish Church; it was organized on a monastic system. + Bishops performed all episcopal functions (ordination, etc.), but + they lived in the monastery, subject to the supreme authority of + the abbot, who was aided in the government by a council of senior + monks. Bishops were also sent out as missionaries. The functions of + abbot and bishop might be combined in one man, but the abbot, as + such, could discharge no episcopal duties. A great monastery was + head of a <span class="tei tei-q">“provincia”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“diocesis,”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“parochia”</span>), and had many monasteries and + churches dependent on it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_308" name="note_308" + href="#noteref_308">308.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">27</a>, IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>; V, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">9</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-ref">10</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-ref">22</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>. Perhaps <span class= + "tei tei-q">“sacerdos”</span> should be translated <span class= + "tei tei-q">“bishop”</span> here (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + supra</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a>, note; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">27</a>, note). Early + writers allude to him as a bishop, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span>, + Alcuin, Ethelwulf. In the life of St. Adalbert, one of Wilbrord's + companions (cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_X" class="tei tei-ref">V. + 10</a>), he is called <span class="tei tei-q">“Northumbrorum + episcopus.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_309" name="note_309" + href="#noteref_309">309.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, they were not <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Quartodecimans”</span> (cf. II, 2, p. <a href="#Pg084" + class="tei tei-ref">84</a>, note 3).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_310" name="note_310" + href="#noteref_310">310.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Phil., iii, 15.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_311" name="note_311" + href="#noteref_311">311.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 19</a>. He is probably to be identified with the + Segenus mentioned there as one of the priests to whom Pope John's + letter was addressed. He was Abbot of Iona, 623-652.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_312" name="note_312" + href="#noteref_312">312.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hector Boethius gives his name as + Corman.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_313" name="note_313" + href="#noteref_313">313.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. I, 1, p. <a href="#Pg006" class= + "tei tei-ref">6</a>, note 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_314" name="note_314" + href="#noteref_314">314.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bamborough (Bebbanburh, Bebburgh, + Babbanburch, etc. There are many forms of the name). It is + uncertain who the queen was. Nennius says she was the wife of + Ethelfrid. His wife, Oswald's mother, was Acha (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>), but he may have been married twice. It was + Ida, the first king of Bernicia, who founded Bamborough (Sax. + Chron.).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_315" name="note_315" + href="#noteref_315">315.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 5</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_316" name="note_316" + href="#noteref_316">316.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. note on Cuichelm, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">II, 9</a>. Cynegils began to + reign in 611 and reigned about thirty-one years.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_317" name="note_317" + href="#noteref_317">317.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This account tells us substantially + all that is known of him. Additional details are either legendary + or conjectural. He was made a missionary (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“regionary”</span>) bishop, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + had no fixed see assigned to him.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_318" name="note_318" + href="#noteref_318">318.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XVII" + class="tei tei-ref">17</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">19</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_319" name="note_319" + href="#noteref_319">319.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was Archbishop of Milan, residing + at Genoa. <span class="tei tei-q">“Asterius ... like his + predecessors from 568, avoided contact with the dominant Arian + Lombards by residing within the imperial territory at Genoa”</span> + (Bright).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_320" name="note_320" + href="#noteref_320">320.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Called Cyneburga by Reginald of Durham + (Life of St. Oswald).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_321" name="note_321" + href="#noteref_321">321.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dorchester, about nine miles from + Oxford, near the junction of the Thame and the Thames. The Abbey + Church of SS. Peter and Paul stands on the traditional site of + Cynegil's baptism. The see became extinct on the retirement of + Agilbert (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span>), but there are some + grounds for believing that it was revived for a short time as a + Mercian see in 679 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> p. <a href="#Pg272" class= + "tei tei-ref">272</a>, note), after which it again disappeared + till, in the ninth century, the Bishop of Leicester moved his see + to Dorchester.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_322" name="note_322" + href="#noteref_322">322.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>. Haedde became bishop in 676 (Sax. Chron.). + His see was at Winchester. He removed the bones of Birinus, because + Dorchester had ceased to be an episcopal see. Winchester continued + to be the only West Saxon see till the diocese was again divided + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>), when Daniel was established at + Winchester, and Aldhelm at Sherborne.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_323" name="note_323" + href="#noteref_323">323.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Winchester; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gwent</span></span> + (Celtic) = a plain. This, the <span class="tei tei-q">“old + Church,”</span> as distinguished from the present Cathedral, was + built by Coinwalch on his restoration to his kingdom. There are + legends of early British churches on the site, the first founded by + <span class="tei tei-q">“King Lucius”</span> (<a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">I, 4</a>), the second + dedicated to <span class="tei tei-q">“St. Amphibalus”</span> (I, 7, + p. <a href="#Pg015" class="tei tei-ref">15</a>, note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_324" name="note_324" + href="#noteref_324">324.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cuichelm (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">II, 9</a>, and note) + had died before his father, Cynegils.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_325" name="note_325" + href="#noteref_325">325.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede reverts more than once to the + subject of Anna's pious offspring, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">8</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>; IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">19</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>. He had four daughters: Sexburg (c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">8</a>, IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXII" class="tei tei-ref">22</a>), Ethelberg (c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">8</a>), + Ethelthryth (IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">19</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>; cf. IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-ref">22</a>), and Witberg (not mentioned by Bede); two + granddaughters, Earcongota (c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">8</a>) and Ermingild, the wife of Wulfhere of Mercia; + all of whom entered convents, as did also his step-daughter, + Saethryth (c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">8</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_326" name="note_326" + href="#noteref_326">326.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" + class="tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>. The name is a Frankish form of the English + <span class="tei tei-q">“Aethelbert.”</span> He was apparently + consecrated in Gaul, but not appointed to any diocese.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_327" name="note_327" + href="#noteref_327">327.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">28</a>. It is not known why he was expelled + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>). There is a tradition that he spent the last + three years of his life at Winchester as a penitent, doubtless for + the act of simony related below, but this is inconsistent with + Bede's statement that he remained Bishop of London till his + death.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_328" name="note_328" + href="#noteref_328">328.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Winchester; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> + pp. <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref">148-9</a>, notes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_329" name="note_329" + href="#noteref_329">329.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">London was an East Saxon bishopric, + but Wulfhere (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>) had acquired the supremacy over the East Saxons + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXX" class="tei tei-ref">30</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_330" name="note_330" + href="#noteref_330">330.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hlothere, consecrated 670. Apparently + he was appointed by a West Saxon Synod (<span class="tei tei-q">“ex + synodica sanctione”</span>). Dr. Bright thinks the term is used + loosely for a Witenagemot.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_331" name="note_331" + href="#noteref_331">331.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">5-9</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_332" name="note_332" + href="#noteref_332">332.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Faremoûtier-en-Brie (Farae Monasterium + in Brige), founded <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 617 by Fara, or + Burgundofara, a Burgundian lady of noble birth, said to have been + dedicated by St. Columba in her infancy. The monastery was a double + one, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, consisted of monks and + nuns (cf. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“many of the brethren”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_333" name="note_333" + href="#noteref_333">333.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Chelles, near Paris, founded by + Clothilde, wife of Clovis I, restored and enlarged by Bathild, wife + of Clovis II (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>, note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_334" name="note_334" + href="#noteref_334">334.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Andeley-sur-Seine, also founded by + Clothilde, wife of Clovis I.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_335" name="note_335" + href="#noteref_335">335.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>, note on + Anna.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_336" name="note_336" + href="#noteref_336">336.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_337" name="note_337" + href="#noteref_337">337.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_338" name="note_338" + href="#noteref_338">338.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_339" name="note_339" + href="#noteref_339">339.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_I" + class="tei tei-ref">1</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_340" name="note_340" + href="#noteref_340">340.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The place is commonly supposed to be + near Oswestry in Shropshire (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, Oswald's Tree). There is a + legend (related by Reginald) which tells of a tree near the spot, + to which a large bird carried the king's right arm from the stake + (cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>). The Welsh name of the place, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Croes Oswallt”</span> (Cross-Oswald), points to the + explanation that the <span class="tei tei-q">“tree”</span> was a + wooden cross set up to mark the site.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_341" name="note_341" + href="#noteref_341">341.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">642, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + nine years after the death of Edwin.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_342" name="note_342" + href="#noteref_342">342.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Reading <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">stramine + subtracto</span></span>, on the authority of the oldest MSS., in + which case we must assume (with Plummer) that <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">stramen</span></span> is used incorrectly for + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">stragulus</span></span> in the sense of + <span class="tei tei-q">“saddle,”</span> or <span class= + "tei tei-q">“horse-cloth,”</span> from the classical use, + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">sternere equum</span></span> = to saddle. Cf. + <span class="tei tei-q">“stratus regaliter,”</span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>. Later MSS. read + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">stramine substrato</span></span> (= + <span class="tei tei-q">“spreading straw under him”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_343" name="note_343" + href="#noteref_343">343.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wife of Ethelred of Mercia (cf. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 21</a>), + murdered by her own people in 697 (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_344" name="note_344" + href="#noteref_344">344.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bardney, in Lincolnshire. Ethelred + became first a monk, afterwards abbot of the monastery.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_345" name="note_345" + href="#noteref_345">345.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Sacrarium.”</span> Probably here = the cemetery. But + we find it elsewhere in Bede for the sacristy, and it is also used + of the sanctuary.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_346" name="note_346" + href="#noteref_346">346.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">27</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_347" name="note_347" + href="#noteref_347">347.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Partney: cf. <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XVI" class="tei tei-ref">II, 16</a>, and note. This + is the only mention of its abbot, Aldwin.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_348" name="note_348" + href="#noteref_348">348.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Aen. II, 1. Quotations from Vergil are + frequent in Bede. Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 13</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>; v. 12, p. <a href= + "#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref">327</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_349" name="note_349" + href="#noteref_349">349.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, matins (between midnight + and 3 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.m.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_350" name="note_350" + href="#noteref_350">350.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It was removed in 875, during the + Danish invasions, in the coffin of St. Cuthbert, and finally + interred in the same tomb with the body of Cuthbert at Durham, + where it was found in 1827. Hence St. Cuthbert is often represented + holding St. Oswald's head in his hands.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_351" name="note_351" + href="#noteref_351">351.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bamborough: cf. c. 6, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_352" name="note_352" + href="#noteref_352">352.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Hexham, 709-731: + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XX" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 20</a> (cf. also <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 14</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>). He was a much loved friend of Bede, many + of whose works were undertaken at his instigation. He was devotedly + attached to Wilfrid, whom he succeeded at Hexham. The <a href= + "#Continuation" class="tei tei-ref"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Continuation”</span></a> says that he was expelled + from his see in 731, and he probably never regained it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_353" name="note_353" + href="#noteref_353">353.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. V. 19, p. <a href="#Pg353" class= + "tei tei-ref">353</a>. This was probably Wilfrid's third journey to + Rome, undertaken in 703-704, for, at the time of his earlier + journey (in 678), when he spent the winter in Frisland, Wilbrord + was not yet there.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_354" name="note_354" + href="#noteref_354">354.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The great missionary archbishop of the + Frisians. He was trained as a boy in Wilfrid's abbey at Ripon, + studied some time in Ireland, and with eleven companions undertook + in 690 the mission to Frisland planned by Egbert: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> V, + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_X" class="tei tei-ref">10</a>, <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">11</a>. (For Egbert, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. 4, p. <a href="#Pg143" + class="tei tei-ref">143</a>, and note.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_355" name="note_355" + href="#noteref_355">355.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The third of Ethelfrid's seven sons + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Sax. Chron.) to succeed to + the sovereignty. With his brothers he had spent his youth in + banishment among the Picts and Scots (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">1</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_356" name="note_356" + href="#noteref_356">356.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" + class="tei tei-ref">21</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>. The pupil and friend of Wilfrid. He was made + sub-king of Deira in place of Ethelwald (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> next + note). The date and circumstances of his rebellion are not known. A + cross at Bewcastle in Cumberland, erected in 670 or 671, + commemorates him and asks prayers for his soul.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_357" name="note_357" + href="#noteref_357">357.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ethelwald, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> cc. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_358" name="note_358" + href="#noteref_358">358.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 3</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_359" name="note_359" + href="#noteref_359">359.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The first bishop of English birth. For + Honorius, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_360" name="note_360" + href="#noteref_360">360.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The apostate king of Deira, Osric, son + of Aelfric, was first cousin to Edwin (cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">1</a>). Oswald united the + two Northumbrian kingdoms, but at his death, Oswin, son of Osric, + succeeded to Deira. He was canonised, and his tragic death led him + to be regarded as a martyr.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_361" name="note_361" + href="#noteref_361">361.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not identified. The village + (<span class="tei tei-q">“a vico Cataractone”</span>) is probably + the one called Cataracta in <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 14</a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> note, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + loc.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_362" name="note_362" + href="#noteref_362">362.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Comes</span></span>, A.S. <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">gesith</span></span>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_363" name="note_363" + href="#noteref_363">363.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">At Queen Eanfled's request + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. 24, p. <a href="#Pg191" + class="tei tei-ref">191</a>). The place is generally identified + with Gilling in the North Riding of Yorkshire. For the form of the + name, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" + class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_364" name="note_364" + href="#noteref_364">364.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 651 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> Cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">V. 24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_365" name="note_365" + href="#noteref_365">365.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" + class="tei tei-ref">21</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_366" name="note_366" + href="#noteref_366">366.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">9</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>; III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">29</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_367" name="note_367" + href="#noteref_367">367.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The monastery of Wearmouth and Jarrow. + Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 18</a>; + V, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">21</a> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_368" name="note_368" + href="#noteref_368">368.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bamborough, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> cc. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">6</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_369" name="note_369" + href="#noteref_369">369.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The scene of St. Cuthbert's hermit + life: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">27</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class="tei tei-ref">28</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXIX" class="tei tei-ref">29</a>; <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">V, 1</a>. It is called the + <span class="tei tei-q">“House Island,”</span> and is the largest + of the Farne group of seventeen islands off the coast of + Northumberland, opposite Bamborough, famous in modern times for the + rescue of a shipwrecked crew by Grace Darling.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_370" name="note_370" + href="#noteref_370">370.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.l.</span></span> seventeen. The MS. + authority is about equal; but cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, + the statement that he died in the seventeenth year of his + episcopate, which seems to be correct.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_371" name="note_371" + href="#noteref_371">371.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">651 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_372" name="note_372" + href="#noteref_372">372.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" + class="tei tei-ref">21</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-ref">22</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">27</a>. For his character, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">25</a> (though + some suppose the reference to be to Ronan). For Hii, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">3</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_373" name="note_373" + href="#noteref_373">373.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The church and the buttress were + evidently both of wood.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_374" name="note_374" + href="#noteref_374">374.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He probably refers to the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“De Temporum Ratione,”</span> the longer of his two + chronological works. It treats the Paschal question at length. But + in the <span class="tei tei-q">“De Temporibus”</span> he also + briefly discusses it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_375" name="note_375" + href="#noteref_375">375.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" + class="tei tei-ref">3</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_376" name="note_376" + href="#noteref_376">376.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_377" name="note_377" + href="#noteref_377">377.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ib.</span></span> The + school was probably in the episcopal city of Dunwich, though it has + been maintained that it was the origin of Cambridge University. For + this there seems to be no authority except a seventeenth century + addition to this passage in a twelfth or thirteenth century MS: + <span class="tei tei-q">“Grantebrig schola a Sigberto + Rege.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_378" name="note_378" + href="#noteref_378">378.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. 7, p. <a href="#Pg149" class= + "tei tei-ref">149</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_379" name="note_379" + href="#noteref_379">379.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For a full account of St. Fursa and + his brothers, and other companions mentioned in this chapter, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Miss Margaret Stokes's + <span class="tei tei-q">“Three months in the Forests of France, a + pilgrimage in search of vestiges of the Irish Saints in + France.”</span> Bede's narrative is taken from an extant ancient + Latin life of St. Fursa (or Fursey), the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“libellus de vita ejus conscriptus”</span> to which he + refers several times (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_380" name="note_380" + href="#noteref_380">380.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., xxv, 13.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_381" name="note_381" + href="#noteref_381">381.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Burgh Castle in Suffolk, where there + was a Roman fortress, Garianonum.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_382" name="note_382" + href="#noteref_382">382.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Irish.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_383" name="note_383" + href="#noteref_383">383.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His monastery on Lough Corrib. It is + obvious from the sequel that this vision was prior to his journey + to Britain, and is distinct from the vision mentioned above.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_384" name="note_384" + href="#noteref_384">384.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. lxxxiv, 7; (lxxxiii, 8, in the + Vulgate). The reading is that of the Vulgate and the Gallican + Psalter: <span class="tei tei-q">“Ibunt de virtute in virtutem: + videbitur Deus deorum in Sion.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_385" name="note_385" + href="#noteref_385">385.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_386" name="note_386" + href="#noteref_386">386.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Ireland.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_387" name="note_387" + href="#noteref_387">387.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The monastery at Burgh Castle.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_388" name="note_388" + href="#noteref_388">388.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Fullan, or Foillan, was apparently a + bishop (the others are called <span class= + "tei tei-q">“presbyteri”</span>). He and Ultan after Fursa's death + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 650) went to South + Brabant. Ultan founded a monastery at Fosse in the diocese of Liège + (then of Maestricht), and Fullan laboured in conjunction with St. + Gertrude in the double monastery of Nivelles. Ultan became abbot, + first of Fosse and later of Péronne. The name Gobban occurs + frequently in Irish Church History, Dicull occasionally. There is a + Dicull mentioned in <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 13</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_389" name="note_389" + href="#noteref_389">389.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, the Mercians; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_390" name="note_390" + href="#noteref_390">390.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Clovis II, King of Neustria, 638-656. + Ercinwald was his Mayor of the Palace.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_391" name="note_391" + href="#noteref_391">391.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Lagny on the Marne, near Paris.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_392" name="note_392" + href="#noteref_392">392.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Péronne on the Somme. The monastery + founded there after his death was called <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Perrona Scotorum”</span> from the number of Irish who + resorted to it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_393" name="note_393" + href="#noteref_393">393.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Circ.</span></span> 647. The rapid increase in + the number of native bishops may be seen from this chapter. The + only one before Thomas was Ithamar (cf. c. 14, p. <a href="#Pg164" + class="tei tei-ref">164</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_394" name="note_394" + href="#noteref_394">394.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Fen country. The province included + part of the counties of Lincoln, Northampton, Huntingdon, and + Cambridge.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_395" name="note_395" + href="#noteref_395">395.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Such changes of name were frequent: + cf. Benedict for Biscop (<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 18</a>), Boniface for Winfrid (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Continuation" class="tei tei-ref"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Continuation”</span></a>), Clement for Wilbrord + (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">V, 11</a>), and cf. + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Deusdedit.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_396" name="note_396" + href="#noteref_396">396.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_397" name="note_397" + href="#noteref_397">397.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The first archbishop of English birth. + He died in 664 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>). His original name is said to have + been Frithonas; Deusdedit is the Latin form of Theodore. There was + a Pope of the same name, 615-618 (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">II, 7</a>). Similar + names were common in the African Church, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span>, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Adeodatus,”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Habetdeus,”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Quodvultdeus,”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Deogratias.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_398" name="note_398" + href="#noteref_398">398.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">14</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_399" name="note_399" + href="#noteref_399">399.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 2</a>. It has been supposed that he died of the + plague of 664. After his death the see was vacant for several + years. It is remarkable that he came of a race which had not yet + become Christian. The South Saxons continued to be pagan till + Wilfrid evangelized them, 681-686 (<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 13</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_400" name="note_400" + href="#noteref_400">400.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For their origin, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">I, 15</a>. Their + country, which was subject to Mercia, was the present + Leicestershire. They are probably to be identified with the + Southern Mercians; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, where we find + Peada confirmed by Oswy in the government of that people.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_401" name="note_401" + href="#noteref_401">401.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">She caused his death by treachery: + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_402" name="note_402" + href="#noteref_402">402.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">14</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_403" name="note_403" + href="#noteref_403">403.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">After Alchfrid's death, she took the + veil and ruled the monastery of Caistor (? Cyneburgacaster) in + Northamptonshire. She was one of the five children of the heathen + Penda, who were canonized as saints.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_404" name="note_404" + href="#noteref_404">404.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Comitibus ac + militibus.</span></span> A.S. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“geferum”</span> (companions) and <span class= + "tei tei-q">“king's thegns.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_405" name="note_405" + href="#noteref_405">405.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXII" + class="tei tei-ref">22</a>. Variously identified with Walton and + Walbottle, both near Newcastle. For the preposition, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, + 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_406" name="note_406" + href="#noteref_406">406.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Cedd, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Preface" class="tei tei-ref">Preface</a>, and + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> cc. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXII" class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">26</a>. The names of Adda + and Betti do not occur again. For Diuma: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> and c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_407" name="note_407" + href="#noteref_407">407.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 15</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_408" name="note_408" + href="#noteref_408">408.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gateshead on the Tyne, opposite + Newcastle. For the preposition, cf. II, 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" + class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_409" name="note_409" + href="#noteref_409">409.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Penda was killed in 655. Diuma was + probably consecrated in 656.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_410" name="note_410" + href="#noteref_410">410.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not identified. Perhaps Repton + (Reppington) in Derbyshire, where it is supposed that Diuma had + fixed his see. For the form of the name, cf. II, 14, p. <a href= + "#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_411" name="note_411" + href="#noteref_411">411.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He probably returned at the time of + the rebellion of Mercia in 658; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span> For Hii, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">3</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_412" name="note_412" + href="#noteref_412">412.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Abbot of Gilling. He was a kinsman of + Oswin: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. 24, p. <a href="#Pg191" + class="tei tei-ref">191</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_413" name="note_413" + href="#noteref_413">413.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 5</a>. Since then, the East Saxons had remained + pagan.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_414" name="note_414" + href="#noteref_414">414.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Sometimes surnamed the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Good.”</span> (He must not be confused with Sigbert, + King of the East Angles, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>, and III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">19</a>.) Sigbert the Little was the successor of the + three young kings who expelled Mellitus (<a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 5</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_415" name="note_415" + href="#noteref_415">415.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">21</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_416" name="note_416" + href="#noteref_416">416.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">21</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_417" name="note_417" + href="#noteref_417">417.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">They must have been Celtic bishops, + probably of the Irish Church and subject to the authority of Iona. + Cedd seems to have had no fixed see. He is not called Bishop of + London, like Mellitus.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_418" name="note_418" + href="#noteref_418">418.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dr. Bright regards this organization + as a foreshadowing of the parochial system, which, however, was not + thoroughly established till long after.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_419" name="note_419" + href="#noteref_419">419.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Identified with the Roman military + station, Othona, on the Blackwater, formerly called the Pant, in + Essex. The town is now submerged.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_420" name="note_420" + href="#noteref_420">420.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Tilbury.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_421" name="note_421" + href="#noteref_421">421.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Comes.</span></span> A.S. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“gesith.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_422" name="note_422" + href="#noteref_422">422.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was his brother probably. But the + relationships of these East Saxon kings are very difficult to + determine.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_423" name="note_423" + href="#noteref_423">423.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rendlesham in Suffolk.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_424" name="note_424" + href="#noteref_424">424.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Distinguish from Ethelwald, or + Oidilwald, sub-King of Deira (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>, and <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>, + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>). + Ethelwald, King of the East Angles, succeeded his brother, + Ethelhere, who was the successor of Anna (cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span> + cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>, + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a>), and was killed in + the battle of the Winwaed (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_425" name="note_425" + href="#noteref_425">425.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>. Apparently he + succeeded Oswin as sub-King of Deira.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_426" name="note_426" + href="#noteref_426">426.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Isaiah, xxxv, 7.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_427" name="note_427" + href="#noteref_427">427.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Lastingham (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Preface" class="tei tei-ref">Preface</a>). Cedd was its + first abbot, though it was not in his own diocese.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_428" name="note_428" + href="#noteref_428">428.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Doubtless only one at a time. The + <span class="tei tei-q">“Provost”</span> is the prior of later + times. The charge of the monastery would devolve upon him while + Cedd was absent in his diocese.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_429" name="note_429" + href="#noteref_429">429.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Or, as he is commonly called, St. + Chad, the greatest of this remarkable group of brothers; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Preface" class= + "tei tei-ref">Preface</a> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra passim</span></span>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_430" name="note_430" + href="#noteref_430">430.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ythancaestir, or Tilbury (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXII" class="tei tei-ref">22</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_431" name="note_431" + href="#noteref_431">431.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Oswald; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_432" name="note_432" + href="#noteref_432">432.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ealdormen,”</span> Green, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Making of England,”</span> p. 301. But they probably + included many British chiefs (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Nennius, and cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“duces regii”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_433" name="note_433" + href="#noteref_433">433.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Oswy's younger son. He succeeded his + father in 670 or 671 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 5</a>, and for the events of his reign, + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">IV, V</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">passim</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_434" name="note_434" + href="#noteref_434">434.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The wife of Penda.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_435" name="note_435" + href="#noteref_435">435.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">14</a> and <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" + class="tei tei-ref">23</a>. The reason for his conduct is not + explained. Probably he had hoped to establish his claims on + Northumbria through Penda's assistance, but shrank from actually + fighting against his country.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_436" name="note_436" + href="#noteref_436">436.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXII" + class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>, note. How he gave + occasion for the war is not known.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_437" name="note_437" + href="#noteref_437">437.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The river has not been identified, and + there is great uncertainty even with regard to the district. Below, + Bede says that Oswy concluded the war in the district of + <span class="tei tei-q">“Loidis,”</span> by which he must mean + Leeds, as in <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">II, + 14</a>, and most commentators adopt this view. In this case, the + river may be the Aire, or more probably the Went, a tributary of + the Don. Others believe the district to be the Lothians, following + the account in Nennius, who describes Oswy as taking refuge before + the battle in a city called Iudeu, supposed to be either Edinburgh + or Carriden (cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">I, + 12</a>, note), and the river has been supposed to be the Avon in + Linlithgow.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_438" name="note_438" + href="#noteref_438">438.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">She is mentioned as joint-abbess with + her mother, Eanfled, of the monastery of Whitby (<a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>). Eddius calls + her <span class="tei tei-q">“sapientissima virgo,”</span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“semper totius provinciae consolatrix + optimaque consiliatrix.”</span> Her influence helped to restore + Wilfrid to the bishopric. She was the friend of St. Cuthbert, who + is said to have wrought a miraculous cure on her behalf. It was to + her that he prophesied the death of her brother Egfrid (IV, 26, p. + <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref">285</a>, note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_439" name="note_439" + href="#noteref_439">439.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hartlepool in the county of Durham + (cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, + 23</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_440" name="note_440" + href="#noteref_440">440.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For the main facts of her life, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>. She was Abbess of Whitby at the + time of the Synod (c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_441" name="note_441" + href="#noteref_441">441.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Whitby. It was a mixed monastery (cf. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_442" name="note_442" + href="#noteref_442">442.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The ancient life of Gregory the Great, + by a monk of Whitby, tells how Edwin's body was translated thither + from the place where he fell. For the fate of his head, cf. + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">II, 20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_443" name="note_443" + href="#noteref_443">443.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 655: cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a> (death of + Penda).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_444" name="note_444" + href="#noteref_444">444.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" + class="tei tei-ref">21</a>, where, however, Lindsey is not + mentioned. For the successive conquests of Lindsey by Northumbria + and Mercia, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> IV, 12, p. <a href="#Pg243" + class="tei tei-ref">243</a>, note. Though it must have passed to + Northumbria after Oswy's victory, it was still apparently included + in the Mercian diocese.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_445" name="note_445" + href="#noteref_445">445.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">21</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span> and note. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Scottia,”</span> as usual, means Ireland, which + includes Iona (cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 4</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_446" name="note_446" + href="#noteref_446">446.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">14</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_447" name="note_447" + href="#noteref_447">447.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, he confirmed Peada in the + government conferred on him by his father, Penda, if we may assume + the Southern Mercians to be identical with the Middle Angles: cf. + c. 21, p. <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref">180</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_448" name="note_448" + href="#noteref_448">448.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Alchfled, Oswy's daughter: + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_449" name="note_449" + href="#noteref_449">449.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He has been already mentioned, cc. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">21</a>. He was a vigorous + ruler; he freed Mercia from Northumbria, reconquered Lindsey, + established his supremacy over the East Saxons (cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXX" class="tei tei-ref">30</a>), and curtailed the + power of Wessex. His attempt, however, to extend his power to the + north of the Humber ended in 675 in his disastrous defeat by + Egfrid, King of Northumbria (<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>) and his death followed immediately after. + He was the first Christian king of all Mercia, and he was zealous + in putting down idolatry (Florence of Worcester).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_450" name="note_450" + href="#noteref_450">450.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span> + and c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">21</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_451" name="note_451" + href="#noteref_451">451.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He succeeded in 662. Cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXX" class="tei tei-ref">30</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_452" name="note_452" + href="#noteref_452">452.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. 23, p. <a href="#Pg187" class= + "tei tei-ref">187</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_453" name="note_453" + href="#noteref_453">453.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">5</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-ref">6</a>. He was deposed by Theodore for some act of + disobedience not known (<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 6</a>), and went to the Continent, where, + travelling in Neustria, he was mistaken for Wilfrid and cruelly + ill-treated by the emissaries of Ebroin (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>, note), + <span class="tei tei-q">“errore bono unius syllabae + seducti,”</span> as Eddius, the biographer of Wilfrid, + remarks.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_454" name="note_454" + href="#noteref_454">454.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Ireland.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_455" name="note_455" + href="#noteref_455">455.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He succeeded Cuthbert as Bishop of + Lindisfarne; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXIX" class="tei tei-ref">29</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXX" class="tei tei-ref">30</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_456" name="note_456" + href="#noteref_456">456.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. II, 2, p. <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref">84</a>, note 3.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_457" name="note_457" + href="#noteref_457">457.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Nothing certain is known of him.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_458" name="note_458" + href="#noteref_458">458.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">II, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVI" + class="tei tei-ref">16</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 2</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_459" name="note_459" + href="#noteref_459">459.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Iona: cf. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 4</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span> Colman succeeded in 661.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_460" name="note_460" + href="#noteref_460">460.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For his life: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_461" name="note_461" + href="#noteref_461">461.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Really Annemundus. He was Archbishop + of Lyons. Cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 8</a>, note on Godwin. He is confused with his brother Dalfinus, + Count of Lyons: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> V, 19, p. <a href="#Pg348" + class="tei tei-ref">348</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_462" name="note_462" + href="#noteref_462">462.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ripon. For the preposition, cf. II, + 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5. The + monastery was first given to Eata (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">26</a>), to be + organized by him, and among the monks he brought with him from + Melrose was Cuthbert (cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 27</a>). They were forced to retire in 661, but + after the Synod of Whitby they conformed to the Catholic + rules.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_463" name="note_463" + href="#noteref_463">463.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">7</a>, where Bede's summary account obscures + the sequence of events. Here he is still called Bishop of the West + Saxons. It is probable that he had retired from Wessex by this + time, but had not yet gone to Gaul. He did not become Bishop of + Paris before 666, for in that year we find his predecessor, + Importunus, witnessing a <span class= + "tei tei-q">“privilegium”</span> for a nunnery at Soissons.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_464" name="note_464" + href="#noteref_464">464.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">We hear nothing more of this + priest.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_465" name="note_465" + href="#noteref_465">465.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">24</a>. The etymology is generally considered + impossible. But cf. Bright, <span class="tei tei-q">“Early English + Church History,”</span> p. 213.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_466" name="note_466" + href="#noteref_466">466.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">24</a>. After the Synod it appears that she + conformed to the Catholic usages. But she continued to be an + opponent of Wilfrid till the end of her life.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_467" name="note_467" + href="#noteref_467">467.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" + class="tei tei-ref">21</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-ref">22</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_468" name="note_468" + href="#noteref_468">468.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The practice of the churches of Asia, + traditionally derived from St. John, was to disregard the day of + the week and observe as Easter Day the 14th of the month Nisan. + Therefore the claim to the authority of St. John, advanced by the + Celts, was inaccurate and gives some colour to the charge, often + brought against them, of being <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Quartodecimans.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_469" name="note_469" + href="#noteref_469">469.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts, xvi, 3.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_470" name="note_470" + href="#noteref_470">470.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, xxi, 26.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_471" name="note_471" + href="#noteref_471">471.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, xviii, 18.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_472" name="note_472" + href="#noteref_472">472.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, xxi, 20.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_473" name="note_473" + href="#noteref_473">473.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 19</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_474" name="note_474" + href="#noteref_474">474.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" + class="tei tei-ref">3</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_475" name="note_475" + href="#noteref_475">475.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., xvi, 18-19.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_476" name="note_476" + href="#noteref_476">476.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. II, 2, p. <a href="#Pg085" class= + "tei tei-ref">85</a>, note 1.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_477" name="note_477" + href="#noteref_477">477.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">To Iona; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 4</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_478" name="note_478" + href="#noteref_478">478.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Fourth Bishop of Lindisfarne and the + last of the Irish bishops in that see. He died of the plague in + 664: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">27</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_479" name="note_479" + href="#noteref_479">479.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. 3, p. <a href="#Pg139" class= + "tei tei-ref">139</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_480" name="note_480" + href="#noteref_480">480.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Ireland.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_481" name="note_481" + href="#noteref_481">481.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">27</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 2</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_482" name="note_482" + href="#noteref_482">482.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Old Melrose, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Quod Tuidi fluminis circumflexu maxima ex parte + clauditur,”</span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 12</a>. The more famous monastery is of later date + and is to the west of the older site.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_483" name="note_483" + href="#noteref_483">483.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" + class="tei tei-ref">3</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span> (where, however, there + is only a general allusion to the instruction of English children). + It has been suggested that they may have been redeemed from + slavery. Cf. c. 5, p. <a href="#Pg145" class= + "tei tei-ref">145</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_484" name="note_484" + href="#noteref_484">484.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Really on the 1st.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_485" name="note_485" + href="#noteref_485">485.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Called the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Yellow Pest”</span> from the colour of its victims. It + was a bubonic plague; it probably came from the East and was the + same as that which raged in Europe in Justinian's reign. There were + several outbreaks in England in the seventh century, but this was + the most virulent. For subsequent visitations, cf. IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_486" name="note_486" + href="#noteref_486">486.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. 26, p. <a href="#Pg201" class= + "tei tei-ref">201</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_487" name="note_487" + href="#noteref_487">487.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Saxon Chronicle has <span class= + "tei tei-q">“on Wagele,”</span> which is supposed to be Whalley, on + the borders of Lancashire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire, but the name + varies greatly in different chroniclers. Smith considers that + Bede's form <span class="tei tei-q">“Paegnalaech”</span> or + <span class="tei tei-q">“Paegnalech”</span> points to Finchale + (Wincanheale, in Simeon of Durham, or Pincahala), near Durham.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_488" name="note_488" + href="#noteref_488">488.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" + class="tei tei-ref">4</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_489" name="note_489" + href="#noteref_489">489.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XI" + class="tei tei-ref">11</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_490" name="note_490" + href="#noteref_490">490.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Said, on doubtful authority, to be + Melfont, or Mellifont, in County Louth.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_491" name="note_491" + href="#noteref_491">491.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Acceptum + sacerdotii gradum,”</span> A.S. <span class="tei tei-q">“biscophade + onfeng”</span> = he received the episcopate. Cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">4</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_492" name="note_492" + href="#noteref_492">492.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 664. This was the young + <span class="tei tei-q">“Fainéant”</span> king of Neustria, + Clothaire III. Wilfrid was probably sent abroad at his own request. + Doubtless he desired to have the canonical number of three bishops + at his consecration, and Boniface of Dunwich (c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>; <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 5</a>) was the only + prelate in England whose orders he would have regarded as entirely + satisfactory, for Wini might be considered a usurper, and Cedd and + Jaruman had been consecrated by schismatics. Archbishop Deusdedit + was dead (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 20</a>, note) and so probably was Damian of Rochester.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_493" name="note_493" + href="#noteref_493">493.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was Wilfrid's friend: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + 25, pp. <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref">194-5</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_494" name="note_494" + href="#noteref_494">494.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span>, + note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_495" name="note_495" + href="#noteref_495">495.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Compiègne, a royal <span class= + "tei tei-q">“villa.”</span> For the preposition, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">II, 14</a>, note. + The ceremony was a specially magnificent one, Wilfrid being carried + in a golden chair by twelve bishops in choral procession, according + to an ancient custom of the Gallican Church.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_496" name="note_496" + href="#noteref_496">496.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Preface" class= + "tei tei-ref">Preface</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 23</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">et saep.</span></span> Why Oswy, who had + consented to Wilfrid's consecration (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>) acted in + this manner is not clear. Probably it implies that the Celtic + party, during Wilfrid's prolonged absence, had to some extent + recovered their ascendency; and, if it was at this time that + Alchfrid (who is not heard of again) rebelled against his father + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>) and was deprived of his kingdom, Wilfrid would + have lost his warmest supporter.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_497" name="note_497" + href="#noteref_497">497.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He retired to Ripon from Lindsey, of + which he was the first separate bishop, when Ethelred recovered + that province for Mercia in 679. But cf. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>, note, for the statement that he was + <span class="tei tei-q">“Bishop”</span> of Ripon.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_498" name="note_498" + href="#noteref_498">498.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">King of Northumbria, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + 24, p. <a href="#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref">188</a>, note 3.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_499" name="note_499" + href="#noteref_499">499.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It does not appear why Boniface + (Bertgils) of Dunwich, Bishop of the East Angles, 652-669 (c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 5</a>), is ignored. + Ceadda's consecration was afterwards regarded as of doubtful + validity and was completed by Theodore (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>). The + British (probably Cornish) bishops were schismatical, and Wini's + position was irregular. Moreover, the see to which Ceadda was + consecrated was not vacant.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_500" name="note_500" + href="#noteref_500">500.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_501" name="note_501" + href="#noteref_501">501.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Consecrated in 657—died in 672.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_502" name="note_502" + href="#noteref_502">502.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Isaiah, xi, 10.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_503" name="note_503" + href="#noteref_503">503.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, xlix, 1.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_504" name="note_504" + href="#noteref_504">504.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, 6.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_505" name="note_505" + href="#noteref_505">505.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, 7.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_506" name="note_506" + href="#noteref_506">506.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, 8-9.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_507" name="note_507" + href="#noteref_507">507.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, xlii, 6-7. The readings + are from the Vulgate.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_508" name="note_508" + href="#noteref_508">508.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It has not been stated that Oswy and + Egbert asked the Pope to provide an archbishop, failing Wighard. + But this seems to be implied in <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>: <span class="tei tei-q">“episcopum, quem + petierant.”</span> Or, as is generally supposed, Vitalian may have + arbitrarily assumed this to be the intention of their letter.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_509" name="note_509" + href="#noteref_509">509.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">There were several martyrs of the name + of Laurentius, but the best known is the Roman deacon, St. + Laurence, who suffered at Rome in 258 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> He was buried in the + Via Tiburtina, where a church dedicated to him is said to have been + founded by Constantine the Great. On the site stands the present + Church of S. Lorenzo fuori le Mura, the older part of which dates + from the sixth century at least. One of Aldhelm's foundations + (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>) was a + little church dedicated to St. Laurence at Bradford-on-Avon in 705, + probably the small Saxon church which still stands there. There + were many martyrs named John and Paul, and more than one Gregory. + St. Pancras was a boy-martyr, a Phrygian by birth, who suffered at + Rome in 304 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, when he was only + fourteen years of age. His martyrdom was widely celebrated, and + miraculous powers were attributed to his tomb outside the walls of + Rome. An old British church at Canterbury, which had been + desecrated by the heathen invaders, was restored for Christian use + and dedicated to St. Pancras by Augustine.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_510" name="note_510" + href="#noteref_510">510.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eanfled, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a> and + note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_511" name="note_511" + href="#noteref_511">511.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., vi, 33.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_512" name="note_512" + href="#noteref_512">512.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 6</a>. Sighere was the son, Sebbi the brother, of + Sigbert the Little (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXII" class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_513" name="note_513" + href="#noteref_513">513.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXII" + class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_514" name="note_514" + href="#noteref_514">514.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>; <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 3</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_515" name="note_515" + href="#noteref_515">515.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">664 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>: cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 27</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_516" name="note_516" + href="#noteref_516">516.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 26</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_517" name="note_517" + href="#noteref_517">517.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 20</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_518" name="note_518" + href="#noteref_518">518.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>; V, 19, p. <a href="#Pg348" class= + "tei tei-ref">348</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_519" name="note_519" + href="#noteref_519">519.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIX" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 29</a>. From Bede's <span class= + "tei tei-q">“History of the Abbots”</span> we learn that he was a + pupil of Pope Gregory's Roman disciples in Kent.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_520" name="note_520" + href="#noteref_520">520.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 29</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_521" name="note_521" + href="#noteref_521">521.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_522" name="note_522" + href="#noteref_522">522.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Preface, p. <a href="#Pg002" + class="tei tei-ref">2</a>, note 3.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_523" name="note_523" + href="#noteref_523">523.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was probably chaplain of the + nunnery.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_524" name="note_524" + href="#noteref_524">524.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Preface, p. <a href="#Pg002" + class="tei tei-ref">2</a>, note 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_525" name="note_525" + href="#noteref_525">525.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Bright, cc. 252, 253. He sees here + an allusion to the Monothelite controversy.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_526" name="note_526" + href="#noteref_526">526.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, the Eastern, which + consisted in shaving the whole head. This method was supposed to + have the authority of St. Paul (an idea derived from Acts, xviii, + 18), and of St. James <span class="tei tei-q">“the Less.”</span> + Cf. II, 2, p. <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref">85</a>, + note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_527" name="note_527" + href="#noteref_527">527.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">They were accompanied by Benedict + Biscop (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>) whom Vitalian had + asked to act as their guide and interpreter (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“Hist. Abb.,”</span> § 3).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_528" name="note_528" + href="#noteref_528">528.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Archbishop of Arles, 658-675.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_529" name="note_529" + href="#noteref_529">529.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">From this it has been inferred that + Arles belonged to Neustria. The king was Clothaire III, king of + Neustria. Ebroin had succeeded Ercinwald (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">III, 19</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>) as Mayor of the Palace. He was murdered in + 681.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_530" name="note_530" + href="#noteref_530">530.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">7</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_531" name="note_531" + href="#noteref_531">531.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Called also Emmo, or Haymo; Bishop of + Sens, 658-675.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_532" name="note_532" + href="#noteref_532">532.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Or Burgundofarus, Bishop of Meaux, + 626-672. He was brother of Fara, mentioned <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_533" name="note_533" + href="#noteref_533">533.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Praefectus.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_534" name="note_534" + href="#noteref_534">534.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Etaples in Picardy; <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Quentae (or <span class="tei tei-q">‘ad + Quantiam’</span>) vicus”</span> = the village at the mouth of the + Canche. It was an important commercial town and port.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_535" name="note_535" + href="#noteref_535">535.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">SS. Peter and Paul (St. Augustine's): + cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXXIII" class="tei tei-ref">I, 33</a>. + Theodore had placed Benedict Biscop over it while Hadrian was still + abroad.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_536" name="note_536" + href="#noteref_536">536.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">16</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_537" name="note_537" + href="#noteref_537">537.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eddius, the biographer of Wilfrid. He + mentions himself (<span class="tei tei-q">“Life of Wilfrid,”</span> + Chapter XIV) as a <span class="tei tei-q">“cantor.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_538" name="note_538" + href="#noteref_538">538.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede can scarcely mean to impeach the + orthodoxy of the bishops of native birth prior to Wilfrid. Probably + the reference is mainly to the prominent part he took in bringing + about the decision at Whitby.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_539" name="note_539" + href="#noteref_539">539.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 28</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_540" name="note_540" + href="#noteref_540">540.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 20</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_541" name="note_541" + href="#noteref_541">541.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">5</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>. Florence of Worcester mentions a Putta, + Bishop of Hereford, who died in 688, but it is very doubtful + whether he can be identified with the above. Bede's words in + Chapter <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a> do + not imply that Putta, Bishop of Rochester, became Bishop of + Hereford. Hereford was not one of the five sees into which Florence + tells us that Theodore divided the great Mercian bishopric, but it + appears soon after as a separate see for Hecana (Herefordshire). + Possibly Putta, who is traditionally reckoned as its first bishop, + may have acted as Sexwulf's deputy there.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_542" name="note_542" + href="#noteref_542">542.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 20</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_543" name="note_543" + href="#noteref_543">543.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXX" class= + "tei tei-ref">30</a>. He had probably died two years before Chad's + appointment, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, in 667, and the see had + been vacant in the interval, for Wilfrid, then in retirement at + Ripon, is said (by Eddius) to have discharged episcopal functions + for the Mercians.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_544" name="note_544" + href="#noteref_544">544.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Lastingham. Cf. Preface, p. <a href= + "#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref">3</a>; III, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class="tei tei-ref">28</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_545" name="note_545" + href="#noteref_545">545.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Lindsey at this time belonged to + Mercia. Cf. c. 12, p. <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref">243</a>, + note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_546" name="note_546" + href="#noteref_546">546.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Smith believed this place to be + Barton-on-Humber. It is now generally identified with Barrow in + Lincolnshire. For the preposition, cf. II, 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" + class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_547" name="note_547" + href="#noteref_547">547.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It had not previously been an + episcopal see, though Wulfhere had wished to establish Wilfrid + there during the vacancy in the Mercian bishopric (p. <a href= + "#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref">218</a>, note 4). When the bishopric + of Mercia and Lindsey was subdivided by Theodore in 679, Lichfield + remained the see of the bishopric of Mercia proper. In 787, under + Offa, King of Mercia, with the consent of Pope Hadrian, it was + raised into a separate archbishopric for Mercia and East Anglia, + but in 802 Canterbury was re-established as the sole archbishopric + for the Southern Province. The popular derivation of the name, + Lichfield (<span class="tei tei-q">“Field of the Dead”</span>) is + from <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">lic</span></span> = a corpse, and the place is + traditionally connected with the martyrdom of a great number of + British Christians. Another derivation, however (from <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">leccian</span></span> = to irrigate), points + to the meaning <span class="tei tei-q">“the watered + field.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_548" name="note_548" + href="#noteref_548">548.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eccl., iii. 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_549" name="note_549" + href="#noteref_549">549.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A stone which is believed to have + formed part of Owini's tomb was found at the end of the eighteenth + century at Haddenham, near Ely, and is now in Ely Cathedral. It + bears the inscription, <span class="tei tei-q">“Lucem tuam Ovino da + Deus et requiem. Amen”</span> (Mayor and Lumley).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_550" name="note_550" + href="#noteref_550">550.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">19</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_551" name="note_551" + href="#noteref_551">551.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. xviii, 13, 14.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_552" name="note_552" + href="#noteref_552">552.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" + class="tei tei-ref">4</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">27</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_553" name="note_553" + href="#noteref_553">553.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He is said to have been Abbot of + Bardney.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_554" name="note_554" + href="#noteref_554">554.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 672. The original Church of St. + Mary at Lichfield, said to have been built by Oswy in 656-657, was + replaced about 1140 by the new Cathedral, and Ceadda's relics were + soon after removed to it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_555" name="note_555" + href="#noteref_555">555.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 24</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_556" name="note_556" + href="#noteref_556">556.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 26</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_557" name="note_557" + href="#noteref_557">557.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Iona. Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 3</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_558" name="note_558" + href="#noteref_558">558.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Innisboffin, off the coast of Mayo. + The annals of Ulster give 667 as the date of his retirement to + it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_559" name="note_559" + href="#noteref_559">559.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Mayo, called from this settlement, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Mayo of the Saxons.”</span> It continued + to be an English monastery (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span>), and after awhile + adopted those usages, to avoid which Colman had left England. It + became an episcopal see, which in 1559 was annexed to the + archbishopric of Tuam.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_560" name="note_560" + href="#noteref_560">560.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hertford.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_561" name="note_561" + href="#noteref_561">561.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It seems probable that we ought to + read 671; cf. Plummer <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad loc.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_562" name="note_562" + href="#noteref_562">562.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Oswy is the last king in Bede's list + of those who held an <span class="tei tei-q">“imperium”</span> + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 5</a>). With the rise of Mercia under + Wulfhere (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 24</a>), the supremacy of Northumbria had virtually passed away. + After Oswy's death, the position of Northumbria was an isolated + one, and it was by conquests over Britons, not Englishmen, that + Egfrid enlarged the bounds of his kingdom.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_563" name="note_563" + href="#noteref_563">563.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In his youth he had been a hostage at + the court of Queen Cynwise, wife of Penda (III, 24, p. <a href= + "#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref">188</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_564" name="note_564" + href="#noteref_564">564.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is of supreme importance as the + first English provincial Council and the first national assembly of + the English. The rule laid down at Nicaea and confirmed by later + councils was that provincial synods should meet twice a year to + settle all ecclesiastical matters which affected the province as a + unity.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_565" name="note_565" + href="#noteref_565">565.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">24th September, 673, falls in the + first indiction, whether the Pontifical or the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Caesarean”</span> system is meant (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Haddan and Stubbs, III, 121). Bede himself used the Caesarean + indiction, of which we get the first notice in his <span class= + "tei tei-q">“De Temporum Ratione.”</span> It began on 24th + September. It does not, however, follow that Theodore also used it. + The oldest scheme, viz., the Constantinopolitan, began on 1st + September; the Roman or Pontifical, on New Year's Day as received + at the time, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, 25th December, 1st + January, or 21st March. For Indictions, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Dictionary of Christian + Antiquities.”</span> They were cycles of fifteen years, a mode of + reckoning dates which appeared in the fourth century, based upon + the Imperial fiscal system, but which came to be used irrespective + of taxation. <span class="tei tei-q">“1st indiction”</span> stands + for <span class="tei tei-q">“1st year of the + indiction.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_566" name="note_566" + href="#noteref_566">566.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Of the six suffragans only four were + present. Wilfrid was at this time (669-678) in possession of his + see; why he did not appear in person is not explained. Possibly his + action foreshadows the future troubles between him and Theodore. + Wini, Bishop of London, was still alive (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>, and + note). If the story of his retirement to Winchester is true, this + would account for his absence. For Bisi, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>. His see was at Dunwich (cf. <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>). For Putta, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_II" class="tei tei-ref">2</a> and note; for + Leutherius, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>; for Wynfrid, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 24</a>; <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 3</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_567" name="note_567" + href="#noteref_567">567.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The collection of Canons approved by + the Council of Chalcedon, translated into Latin by Dionysius + Exiguus (early in the sixth century, cf. V, 21, p. <a href="#Pg369" + class="tei tei-ref">369</a>, note) and adopted by the Western + Church.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_568" name="note_568" + href="#noteref_568">568.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This place used to be identified with + Cliff-at-Hoe near Rochester, but the theory rests mainly on the + similarity of name. As in the recorded Councils of Clovesho the + supremacy of Mercia is clearly indicated, it is generally assumed + that the place must have been either in Mercia or a kingdom subject + to it, as Kent was at the time. Except one Council in 716, we find + none mentioned as having taken place at Clovesho till seventy years + after this time (747), but councils were held at other places.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_569" name="note_569" + href="#noteref_569">569.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The subdivision of the great + bishoprics was an important part of Theodore's policy, and though + at this Council he failed to carry his point, possibly through the + opposition of Wilfrid's representatives, in the succeeding years he + effected a great change in the organization of the episcopate, + creating dioceses co-extensive with tribal territories.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_570" name="note_570" + href="#noteref_570">570.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 29</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_571" name="note_571" + href="#noteref_571">571.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXII" + class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_572" name="note_572" + href="#noteref_572">572.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His original name was Bertgils, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XX" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_573" name="note_573" + href="#noteref_573">573.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Theodore availed himself of this + opportunity for subdivision. Aecci was appointed to Dunwich and + Badwin to the new see of Elmham. Suffolk and Norfolk thus each + received a separate bishopric. The Danish invasions broke up this + arrangement; Dunwich disappeared as an episcopal see, and the + succession to Elmham was interrupted for a time. In 1075 the see of + the single East Anglian bishopric was removed to Thetford, and in + 1094 to Norwich.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_574" name="note_574" + href="#noteref_574">574.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It has been conjectured that he + resisted the subdivision of his diocese. For his subsequent + adventures, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> III, 24, p. <a href="#Pg192" + class="tei tei-ref">192</a>, note 4.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_575" name="note_575" + href="#noteref_575">575.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was probably in 675 (Flor. of + Wor.). Sexwulf (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a>) had been a rich + thegn who became a monk and was made first abbot of + Medeshamstead.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_576" name="note_576" + href="#noteref_576">576.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Peterborough, as the town which grew + up around the monastery came to be called in the tenth century, the + monastery being dedicated to St. Peter. Peada is said to have + planned the foundation (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Peterborough additions to the + Saxon Chronicle), but the accounts are late and untrustworthy.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_577" name="note_577" + href="#noteref_577">577.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 20</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_578" name="note_578" + href="#noteref_578">578.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. 3, p. <a href="#Pg219" class= + "tei tei-ref">219</a>, note 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_579" name="note_579" + href="#noteref_579">579.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He succeeded Wini (<a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>) in 675 and + died about 693. He was canonized. It was in his house that the + reconciliation between Theodore and Wilfrid took place. It is said + that as a boy he had heard Mellitus preach in London. He was + present at the West Saxon Witenagemot which enacted the + <span class="tei tei-q">“Dooms of Ine”</span> (c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a> and <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 7</a>), and is spoken of + as one of Ine's bishops, Essex being probably subject to Wessex at + that time.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_580" name="note_580" + href="#noteref_580">580.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 30</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_581" name="note_581" + href="#noteref_581">581.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-ref">7-10</a>. She is not to be confused with Ethelberg, + daughter of Anna (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>), Abbess of Faremoûtier-en-Brie.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_582" name="note_582" + href="#noteref_582">582.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Chertsey in Surrey. William of + Malmesbury tells us that it was a flourishing monastery till it was + destroyed by the Danes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_583" name="note_583" + href="#noteref_583">583.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Barking in Essex, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-ref">7-10</a>. For the preposition, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, + 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_584" name="note_584" + href="#noteref_584">584.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The plague of 664 has been mentioned + in <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 27</a>; + IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">1</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">3</a>; but this may have + been a later visitation. Barking is generally supposed to have been + founded in 666.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_585" name="note_585" + href="#noteref_585">585.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Two different dates are given for her + succession, 664 and 675. If the former is right, the plague (c. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>) must have + been that of 664, and Ethelburg probably died of it. It appears + from a letter of St. Boniface that Hildilid was alive in 709. She + was one of Aldhelm's numerous women-scholars. He dedicated the + prose version of his work in praise of virginity (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>) to her + and others of the sisterhood, and speaks highly of their scholarly + attainments.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_586" name="note_586" + href="#noteref_586">586.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apparently a life of St. Ethelburg not + known to exist now.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_587" name="note_587" + href="#noteref_587">587.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXX" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 30</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 6</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_588" name="note_588" + href="#noteref_588">588.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Earconwald, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">6</a>. Waldhere is + the first of a long list of undistinguished bishops of London given + by William of Malmesbury. A letter of his to Archbishop Bertwald + survives, and there is a charter in which Swefred (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> next + note) grants lands at Twickenham to him in 704.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_589" name="note_589" + href="#noteref_589">589.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 8</a>, note on Suaebhard.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_590" name="note_590" + href="#noteref_590">590.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Paul's, London. Sebbi's tomb is + believed to have survived till the fire of 1666.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_591" name="note_591" + href="#noteref_591">591.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For these bishops, cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_592" name="note_592" + href="#noteref_592">592.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> He died in 672 (Sax. + Chron.). Of the sub-kings the most prominent were Aescwine and + Centwine, a brother of Coinwalch. The Saxon Chronicle gives a + different account. According to it, Coinwalch's widow, Sexburg, + reigned for one year after him and was succeeded by Aescwine, who + was succeeded by Centwine.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_593" name="note_593" + href="#noteref_593">593.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>, and for his character, <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>. The Saxon + Chronicle says he succeeded in 676 and died in 703. Bede places his + death in 705 (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 18</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_594" name="note_594" + href="#noteref_594">594.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">15</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">16</a>, and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 7</a>. He was of Ceaulin's line (<a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">II, 5</a>) and so belonged to + a younger branch of the West Saxon royal house. Welsh writers + confuse him with the British king, Caedwalla (<a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">II, 20</a>), and with his + son, Cadwalader.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_595" name="note_595" + href="#noteref_595">595.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A son of Penda. He succeeded his + brother Wulfhere in 675. In 704 he became a monk (<a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>) and afterwards + Abbot of Bardney Monastery (cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 11</a>), which he is said to have founded. His + invasion of Kent was probably provoked by an attempt on the part of + that kingdom, at Wulfhere's death, to resume a position of + independence towards Mercia. In spite of his conduct on this raid, + Theodore, Florence of Worcester, and others, speak of the + saintliness of his character.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_596" name="note_596" + href="#noteref_596">596.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">2</a> (and note), <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">5</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_597" name="note_597" + href="#noteref_597">597.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-ref">6</a>, and note, and <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg244" class="tei tei-ref">244</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_598" name="note_598" + href="#noteref_598">598.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The dates of these changes in the + episcopate are uncertain. Probably Gebmund was consecrated in 678. + For his death, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 8</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_599" name="note_599" + href="#noteref_599">599.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was Wilfrid's first expulsion + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>). Bede's reticence on the subject is + noteworthy. Egfrid's hostility to his former friend, Wilfrid, was + doubtless caused by Wilfrid's encouragement of Queen Ethelthryth + (cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a>, + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>) in her + desire to take the veil. It was probably increased by Egfrid's + second wife, Eormenburg, who is said to have resented Wilfrid's + power and magnificence. Theodore, carrying out his policy of + subdivision, availed himself of the opportunity afforded by this + dissension. He consulted some of his suffragans (we do not know who + they were; it was apparently at a mixed council of ecclesiastics + and laymen), but did not communicate with Wilfrid, being, no doubt, + conscious of the uselessness of trying to get his consent. Wilfrid, + after demanding an explanation from the archbishop and the king in + a Northumbrian <span class="tei tei-q">“gemot,”</span> and + receiving no satisfaction, appealed to Rome (cf. V, 19, p. <a href= + "#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref">351</a>). For the importance of this + step, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Bright, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Early English Church History,”</span> pp. + 323-326.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_600" name="note_600" + href="#noteref_600">600.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Probably the intention was that + Wilfrid should keep the larger part of Deira, with his see at York, + and that three new dioceses should be formed. But, on his departure + to appeal to Rome, it was assumed that he had resigned his + bishopric, and Bosa was consecrated Bishop of Deira with his see at + York, Eata, Bishop of the Bernicians, with the option of fixing his + see either at Lindisfarne or Hagustald (Hexham). These two were + <span class="tei tei-q">“substituted for him.”</span> Lindsey, + which at this time belonged to Northumbria, became for the first + time a separate diocese. When it passed again to Mercia in 679 it + was included in the subdivision of the Mercian bishopric, and + Ethelwin (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span> note 6) became its + bishop with his see at Sidnacaestir (generally identified with + Stow, but the locality is unknown).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_601" name="note_601" + href="#noteref_601">601.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was one of the bishops educated in + Hilda's monastery (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>). Bede speaks + highly of him (V, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>), and Alcuin calls him <span class= + "tei tei-q">“vir sine fraude bonus.”</span> He retired from York + when Wilfrid was restored, but appears to have been reinstated on + Wilfrid's second expulsion.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_602" name="note_602" + href="#noteref_602">602.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Abbot of Melrose, afterwards of + Lindisfarne (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 26</a>, and note; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 27</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 9</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_603" name="note_603" + href="#noteref_603">603.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 28</a>, and this Chapter, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_604" name="note_604" + href="#noteref_604">604.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 675. Lindsey which had been + Northumbrian under Edwin and Oswald, had passed through many + vicissitudes. Penda conquered it, Oswy recovered it (in 655), + Wulfhere conquered it again, Egfrid recovered it (675). It passed + finally to Mercia under Ethelred in 679 (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> this Chapter, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_605" name="note_605" + href="#noteref_605">605.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XI" + class="tei tei-ref">11</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">27</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_606" name="note_606" + href="#noteref_606">606.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was still Bishop of Lindsey in 706, + when he signed a charter of Ethelward, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“subregulus”</span> of the Hwiccas.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_607" name="note_607" + href="#noteref_607">607.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Preface, p. <a href="#Pg004" class= + "tei tei-ref">4</a>, and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 23</a>. Simeon of Durham says that he died in + 732.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_608" name="note_608" + href="#noteref_608">608.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Lindsey was at that time subject to + Mercia. Sexwulf was expelled when Egfrid conquered it in 675. When + the Mercian diocese was subdivided, he retained his see at + Lichfield (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. 3, p. <a href="#Pg219" + class="tei tei-ref">219</a>, note) as Bishop of the Mercians + proper.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_609" name="note_609" + href="#noteref_609">609.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">By Theodore alone. The suffragans did + not take part in the consecration.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_610" name="note_610" + href="#noteref_610">610.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 681 a fresh subdivision took place. + The Bernician diocese was divided, Eata retaining Lindisfarne and + giving up Hexham to Tunbert. Afterwards Eata retired from + Lindisfarne in favour of Cuthbert and took Hexham (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>). Tunbert had been Abbot of Gilling (In + Getlingum, III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">14</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>). He was deposed by Theodore from Hexham three + years after his consecration (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class="tei tei-ref">28</a>), like Wynfrid, + <span class="tei tei-q">“pro culpa cujusdam inobedientiae”</span> + (Vita Eatae in <span class="tei tei-q">“Miscellanea + Biographica,”</span> Surtees Society).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_611" name="note_611" + href="#noteref_611">611.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His see was not at Whitern among the + Picts of Galloway, as has been supposed (Florence of Worcester, + Richard of Hexham, and others), but at the monastery of Abercorn on + the Forth (<a href="#Book_I_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">I, + 12</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, + 26</a>), the Picts north of the Forth being at this time subject to + Northumbria. After Egfrid's disastrous expedition in 685, they + freed themselves from Northumbrian rule, the see was abandoned, and + Trumwine retired to Whitby (c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>). We hear of him as one of the deputation to + Cuthbert in 684 (c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_612" name="note_612" + href="#noteref_612">612.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 679; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref">243</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_613" name="note_613" + href="#noteref_613">613.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Whether Ripon became for a time an + episcopal see seems doubtful. In <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 28</a>, Bede says distinctly that Eadhaed + became <span class="tei tei-q">“praesul”</span> of the church + there, and it does not seem consistent with his use to understand + it as = abbot. Probably there was an attempt to subdivide the + diocese of Deira (Eddius mentions it as one of Wilfrid's + grievances), but the scheme was abandoned when Wilfrid was restored + in 705. Ripon did not finally become an episcopal see till + 1836.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_614" name="note_614" + href="#noteref_614">614.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For a fuller account, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>, and + notes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_615" name="note_615" + href="#noteref_615">615.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For the early importance of this + kingdom under Aelli, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 5</a>. It had become a small insignificant + nation, cut off from its neighbours by forests (the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Andredsweald”</span>) and marshes, and though we read + (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">III, 20</a>) that + Damian, bishop of Rochester, was of the South Saxon race, it was + almost untouched by Christian influences.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_616" name="note_616" + href="#noteref_616">616.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_617" name="note_617" + href="#noteref_617">617.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He also brought about the reconversion + of the East Saxons by sending Bishop Jaruman to them. Cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXX" class="tei tei-ref">III, 30</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_618" name="note_618" + href="#noteref_618">618.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wulfhere had invaded Wessex, probably + in 661 (Sax. Chron.), and conquered the Isle of Wight and the + district of the Meanware, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, the district from + Southampton Water to the South Downs. The inhabitants were Jutes. + The name survives in the hundreds, Meonstoke, and East and West + Meon. For the termination <span class="tei tei-q">“ware”</span> = + dwellers, cf. Lindisfari, Cantuarii, Boructuari, etc.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_619" name="note_619" + href="#noteref_619">619.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">14</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_620" name="note_620" + href="#noteref_620">620.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. II, 2, p. <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref">84</a>, note 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_621" name="note_621" + href="#noteref_621">621.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">They were probably joint kings of the + Hwiccas.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_622" name="note_622" + href="#noteref_622">622.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Scottish,”</span> as usual, means Irish. There is + another Dicul mentioned in <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 19</a>. Stevenson suggests the identification of + this Dicul with the Irish monk who wrote a geographical work, the + <span class="tei tei-q">“De Mensura Orbis Terrae,”</span> but he + lived in the ninth century.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_623" name="note_623" + href="#noteref_623">623.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bosham, near Chichester. It was the + favourite South Saxon abode of Harold and Godwine (Freeman, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Norman Conquest”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_624" name="note_624" + href="#noteref_624">624.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Selsey, the island of the seal + (<span class="tei tei-q">“sea-calf”</span>), south of Chichester. + It was a royal <span class="tei tei-q">“vill.”</span> It became the + episcopal see for the South Saxons at some time about 709 (cf. + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span> and note), transferred to Chichester in + 1075.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_625" name="note_625" + href="#noteref_625">625.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Egfrid fell at the battle of + Nechtansmere in 685 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">26</a>), and Wilfrid was + restored to his bishopric <span class="tei tei-q">“in the second + year of Aldfrid,”</span> Egfrid's successor (V, 19, p. <a href= + "#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref">353</a>). He was in Wessex with + Caedwalla for part of the year 686 (cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class="tei tei-ref">16</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_626" name="note_626" + href="#noteref_626">626.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 13</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_627" name="note_627" + href="#noteref_627">627.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">13</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_628" name="note_628" + href="#noteref_628">628.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This English equivalent for + <span class="tei tei-q">“viaticum”</span> is used by Stapleton in + his translation (1565).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_629" name="note_629" + href="#noteref_629">629.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Calendars to show the proper days for + commemorative Masses, cf. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“chronicle”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“annale”</span>). The burial was generally on the day + of death, hence <span class="tei tei-q">“depositio”</span> of the + festival of a saint.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_630" name="note_630" + href="#noteref_630">630.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It must be remembered that this was a + monastery of Northumbrians. But Oswald is said to have held an + <span class="tei tei-q">“imperium”</span> over all England except + Kent (<a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">II, + 5</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_631" name="note_631" + href="#noteref_631">631.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_632" name="note_632" + href="#noteref_632">632.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The West Saxons, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">II, 5</a> and note. + Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 7</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_633" name="note_633" + href="#noteref_633">633.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">13</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_634" name="note_634" + href="#noteref_634">634.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 7</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span> Like Caedwalla, a + descendant of Ceaulin, <span class="tei tei-q">“A king who deserves + the name of great”</span> (Bright), great both as a conqueror and a + legislator. He was probably the first king to introduce written law + into Wessex, viz., his famous <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Dooms,”</span> enacted by a West Saxon witenagemot in + the early years of his reign.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_635" name="note_635" + href="#noteref_635">635.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Winchester. At this time Haedde was + bishop there (c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>). For the creation of a South Saxon bishopric + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIII" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_636" name="note_636" + href="#noteref_636">636.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eddius says that Caedwalla sent for + him and made him his counsellor; Wilfrid had befriended him when in + exile.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_637" name="note_637" + href="#noteref_637">637.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Roger of Wendover calls him a + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">subregulus</span></span>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_638" name="note_638" + href="#noteref_638">638.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">I, 15</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_639" name="note_639" + href="#noteref_639">639.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Stoneham on the Itchen, near + Southampton. For the preposition, cf. II, 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" + class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_640" name="note_640" + href="#noteref_640">640.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Redbridge in Hampshire.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_641" name="note_641" + href="#noteref_641">641.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pref., p. <a href="#Pg003" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a> and note; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_642" name="note_642" + href="#noteref_642">642.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Solent.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_643" name="note_643" + href="#noteref_643">643.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Hamble.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_644" name="note_644" + href="#noteref_644">644.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eutyches was Archimandrite of a + monastery near Constantinople. He was condemned by the synod of + Constantinople in 448, and by the council of Chalcedon in 451. He + was the originator of the Monophysite heresy which denied the + existence of the two natures, the Divine and human, in the + Incarnate Son. Monothelitism, which was the subject of the + controversy alluded to here, arose out of an attempt to reconcile + the Monophysites by the assertion of one will and operation + (activity, ἐνέργεια) in our Lord. It was condemned in the General + Council of Constantinople, 680-681. In anticipation of this council + various provincial synods were held, as well as the synod at Rome + assembled by Pope Agatho, at which Wilfrid represented the English + church (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">V. 19</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_645" name="note_645" + href="#noteref_645">645.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The year was 680 (cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>), but it falls in + the eighth year of Hlothere of Kent, who succeeded in July, 673. + For Egfrid, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">5</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span> Probably he succeeded in 671. Ethelred of + Mercia succeeded in 675 (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>), so that Sept., 680, might easily fall in + his sixth year; Aldwulf, of East Anglia, in 663 or 664 + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>). The eighth indiction, whether + Cæsarean or Pontifical (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">5</a>, note), includes Sept. + 17, 680.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_646" name="note_646" + href="#noteref_646">646.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Generally identified with Hatfield in + Hertfordshire, but T. Kerslake (<span class="tei tei-q">“Vestiges + of the supremacy of Mercia”</span>) supposes it to be Clovesho + (Cliff-at-Hoe); <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">5</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_647" name="note_647" + href="#noteref_647">647.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The five Oecumenical Councils which + had been held before this time, viz., Nicaea, in 325; + Constantinople, in 381-382; Ephesus, in 431; Chalcedon, in 451; + Constantinople, in 553. For the Arian heresy, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_I_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">I, 8</a> (and + note), where <span class="tei tei-q">“madness”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“vesania”</span>) is, as here, the word used to + describe it. Macedonius was a <span class= + "tei tei-q">“semi-Arian,”</span> Eudoxius an Arian; both were + bishops of Constantinople. Nestorius was consecrated Bishop of + Constantinople in 428. He popularized the heresy which originated + with Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, 392-428. It consisted in + emphasizing the human element in our Lord's Nature to the practical + exclusion of the Divine, as a reaction against Apollinarianism + which explained away His real Humanity. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“The Christ of Nestorius was, after all, simply a + deified man, not God incarnate”</span> (Gore, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Bampton Lectures”</span>). Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus + in Syria (died 457) and Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, 435-457, were + disciples of Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, and opponents of Cyril + of Alexandria, who is accused of Apollinarianism in the letter of + Ibas.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_648" name="note_648" + href="#noteref_648">648.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Justinian I, 527-565.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_649" name="note_649" + href="#noteref_649">649.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The first Lateran Council, in 649, + against the Monothelites. Martin I, Pope 649-655, died in the + Crimea, exiled and imprisoned by the Emperor Constans II in + consequence of his resistance to the heresy.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_650" name="note_650" + href="#noteref_650">650.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Constantine IV, more generally known + as Constans II, 641-688.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_651" name="note_651" + href="#noteref_651">651.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">We have here, under the auspices of an + Eastern Archbishop, a clear enunciation of the doctrine which + afterwards divided the east and west: the Double Procession of the + Holy Spirit. The <span class="tei tei-q">“filioque”</span> clause, + which formed no part of the Nicene Creed, nor of its + Constantinopolitan recension, had been formally adopted at the + Third Council of Toledo in 589 and at subsequent Spanish councils. + The English prelates at Hatfield were probably influenced by this + precedent.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_652" name="note_652" + href="#noteref_652">652.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Bede's <span class= + "tei tei-q">“History of the Abbots,”</span> § 6.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_653" name="note_653" + href="#noteref_653">653.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, St. Peter's at Rome. The + Monastery of St. Martin was on the Esquiline. It was founded by + Pope Symmachus in honour of SS. Sylvester and Martin.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_654" name="note_654" + href="#noteref_654">654.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" + class="tei tei-ref">1</a>, notes. (For his life, v. Bede's + <span class="tei tei-q">“History of the Abbots,”</span> and the + Anon. <span class="tei tei-q">“History of the Abbots.”</span>) He + has not been mentioned before in this history. His ecclesiastical + surname was Benedict, <span class="tei tei-q">“Baducing”</span> was + probably his patronymic. He was of noble birth and a thegn of King + Oswy, born in 628. He was the companion of Wilfrid on his first + journey to Rome (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 19</a>). In his native province of Northumbria he founded the + monasteries of Wearmouth (in 674) and Jarrow (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> + 681), where Bede's life was passed, and enriched them with + furniture, vestments, relics, pictures, and a library of valuable + books which he brought from the Continent. The rule which he framed + for his monasteries was Benedictine, compiled from seventeen + different monasteries which he had visited. He died Jan. 12, + 689.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_655" name="note_655" + href="#noteref_655">655.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 21</a>. Bede's <span class="tei tei-q">“History of + the Abbots,”</span> and Anon. <span class="tei tei-q">“History of + the Abbots.”</span> He added to Benedict's library. He had been a + monk at Ripon under Wilfrid, became Abbot of Jarrow in 681, and of + Wearmouth in addition to Jarrow in 688. In 716 he resigned and set + out for Rome, but died at Langres in the same year. Bede was + trained under him (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>) and was probably the little boy left alone + with him to recite the offices when the pestilence of 686 swept + away the monks. (Anon. Hist. Abb. § 14.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_656" name="note_656" + href="#noteref_656">656.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 20</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_657" name="note_657" + href="#noteref_657">657.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" + class="tei tei-ref">17</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_658" name="note_658" + href="#noteref_658">658.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In the Council of Constantinople, + 680-681 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class="tei tei-ref">17</a> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>, note.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_659" name="note_659" + href="#noteref_659">659.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">To St. Martin's own church at Tours, + where, as Abbot of St. Martin's monastery at Rome, it was specially + fitting that he should find burial.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_660" name="note_660" + href="#noteref_660">660.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_661" name="note_661" + href="#noteref_661">661.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Princeps,”</span> A.S. Ealdorman. The county of the + Southern Gyrwas was South Cambridgeshire. Cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">III, 20</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_662" name="note_662" + href="#noteref_662">662.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXV" + class="tei tei-ref">25</a>. Bede tells us in the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Life of Cuthbert,”</span> that she was a half sister + of Oswy's on the mother's side. Her name survives in Ebchester on + the Derwent, where she founded a nunnery; in St. Abb's Head, near + which she afterwards founded the double monastery of Coldingham; + and in St. Ebbe's, Oxford. She was the friend of Cuthbert, and it + was to her exhortations to Egfrid that Wilfrid owed his release + from prison.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_663" name="note_663" + href="#noteref_663">663.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Coldingham in Berwickshire. It was a + mixed monastery. Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_664" name="note_664" + href="#noteref_664">664.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ely. The Isle of Ely was her jointure + from her first husband. She received the help and support of + Aldwulf, king of East Anglia (<a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>; IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">17</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>), her cousin (he was the son of Ethelhere and + nephew of Anna). The monastery was founded in 673. It was exempted + from the jurisdiction of the East Anglian bishop, and subject to + Wilfrid.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_665" name="note_665" + href="#noteref_665">665.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>, cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>, note. After her husband's death she acted + as regent for a time, then founded a monastery in the Isle of + Sheppey, and became abbess of it. Thence she retired to Ely, where, + after being a simple nun, she succeeded Ethelthryth as abbess. She + was herself succeeded first at Sheppey, and afterwards at Ely, by + her daughter Ermingild, widow of Wulfhere of Mercia.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_666" name="note_666" + href="#noteref_666">666.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Grantchester, near Cambridge.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_667" name="note_667" + href="#noteref_667">667.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A Roman sarcophagus. A number of + fragments of very ancient stone coffins have been found there, + built into the wall of the church (Mayor and Lumby).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_668" name="note_668" + href="#noteref_668">668.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Audrey”</span> is the popular form of the name + Ethelthryth. A <span class="tei tei-q">“tawdry lace”</span> + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> St. Audrey lace) is a + necklace; cf. <span class="tei tei-q">“Winter's Tale,”</span> iv. + 3. Hence our word <span class="tei tei-q">“tawdry,”</span> which + possibly only derives its meaning from the cheap necklaces, etc., + sold at St. Audrey's fair at Ely on the saint's day, October 17 + (the day of her translation), but may also be a reminiscence of + this anecdote.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_669" name="note_669" + href="#noteref_669">669.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The poem is (1) alphabetical; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, the first letters of the + hexameter lines form the alphabet, and there are four additional + couplets at the end, in which the first letters form the word + <span class="tei tei-q">“Amen”</span>; (2) <span class= + "tei tei-q">“serpentine,”</span> reciprocal or echoing; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, the last half of the + pentameter repeats the first two and a half feet of the hexameter. + Such verses are common in mediaeval Latin, and are doubtless a + development from the occasional instances of echoing lines which + occur in the classical poets (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span>, Martial VIII, xxi, 1-2; + IX, 97; Ovid, Fasti IV, 365-366), as the extreme form of that + impulse to give emphasis by iteration which is a marked feature of + Latin poetry, particularly of the Ovidian elegiac.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_670" name="note_670" + href="#noteref_670">670.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Agatha suffered 5th February, 251 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, in the Decian + persecution, according to her <span class="tei tei-q">“Acta”</span> + (the Diocletian, according to the Martyrology and Aldhelm). Eulalia + was burnt to death at the age of twelve in the Diocletian + persecution, having denounced herself. The legend tells that a + white dove hovered over her ashes till snow fell and covered them. + Tecla, the disciple of St. Paul, is said to have been the first + virgin martyr. She was miraculously saved from her martyrdom and + died in peace long after. Euphemia was torn by wild beasts at + Chalcedon in 307 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> in the Diocletian + persecution. Asterius, Bishop of Amasea, 400 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, says that he saw a + tablet in the church at Chalcedon depicting her sufferings. We have + thus very early evidence for her history. Agnes is said to have + been beheaded in 304 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, in the Diocletian + persecution, at the age of twelve or thirteen. The date of St. + Cecilia is very uncertain; Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers, says + that she died <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 176-180 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, but another account + places her martyrdom as late as the time of Diocletian. Her + connection with music does not appear in the legends, and is + probably due to the fact that Pope Paschal endowed the monastery + which he built in connection with her church at Rome to provide for + musical services at her tomb day and night.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_671" name="note_671" + href="#noteref_671">671.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">She had not been a queen twelve years. + The dates are probably these: she was born about 630 at Ermynge + (Ixning) in Suffolk, and married to Tondbert in 652. Tondbert died + in 655, and she was married to Egfrid (who must then have been only + fifteen) in 660. Egfrid succeeded to the throne in 670 or 671, and + it must have been in 672 that she retired to Coldingham. She was, + therefore, queen for not more than two years, though perhaps we may + accept the statement of the Liber Eliensis that Egfrid was sub-king + of Deira for some years before his accession.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_672" name="note_672" + href="#noteref_672">672.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, she had been buried + sixteen years; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_673" name="note_673" + href="#noteref_673">673.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Literally the water snake, ὕδρος, used + generally for any serpent, and so = the Devil; <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Chelydrus</span></span> is similarly used + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Ducange).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_674" name="note_674" + href="#noteref_674">674.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Battle of the Trent in 679 (cf. + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>). It was + on the anniversary of Wilfrid's expulsion; he is said to have + foretold a calamity. The place may, perhaps, be identified with + Elford-on-Trent, in Staffordshire; it is supposed that the name may + be a reminiscence of Aelfwine. By this battle Mercia regained + Lindsey, which never again became Northumbrian (cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_675" name="note_675" + href="#noteref_675">675.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXII" + class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, where he is called <span class= + "tei tei-q">“King Aelfwine,”</span> as also twice in Eddius. He may + have been sub-king of Deira.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_676" name="note_676" + href="#noteref_676">676.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 11</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>. When Wilfrid took refuge in Mercia in 681, + she and her husband expelled him <span class="tei tei-q">“pro + adulatione Egfridi regis”</span> (Eddius).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_677" name="note_677" + href="#noteref_677">677.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Wergild,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, pecuniary value set upon + every man's life according to his status (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Stubbs, <span class="tei tei-q">“Constitutional + History”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_678" name="note_678" + href="#noteref_678">678.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Comes,”</span> A.S. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“gesith.”</span> Above, Imma is described as + <span class="tei tei-q">“de militia ejus juvenis,”</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, a young <span class= + "tei tei-q">“king's thegn”</span> (the term applied to him in the + A.S. version).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_679" name="note_679" + href="#noteref_679">679.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Towcester (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“Tovecester,”</span> in Domesday Book) in + Northamptonshire, Doncaster, and Littleborough have all been + suggested, but the place has not been identified. The name + indicates that it had been a Roman station.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_680" name="note_680" + href="#noteref_680">680.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Sexburg. Cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>; IV, 19, p. + <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref">261</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_681" name="note_681" + href="#noteref_681">681.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 24</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_682" name="note_682" + href="#noteref_682">682.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_683" name="note_683" + href="#noteref_683">683.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, + this Chapter. He was the son of Edwin's elder brother, who died in + exile after the invasion of Deira by Ethelric, king of Bernicia, in + 589.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_684" name="note_684" + href="#noteref_684">684.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 9</a>, foll.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_685" name="note_685" + href="#noteref_685">685.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Her sister, Heresuid, had married + Ethelhere, brother of Anna, of East Anglia, whom he succeeded. In + 647, when Hilda took the veil, Anna was still king.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_686" name="note_686" + href="#noteref_686">686.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_687" name="note_687" + href="#noteref_687">687.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 15</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 17</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_688" name="note_688" + href="#noteref_688">688.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A small cell, not otherwise + known.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_689" name="note_689" + href="#noteref_689">689.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hartlepool, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> III, + 24, p. <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref">190</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_690" name="note_690" + href="#noteref_690">690.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede is the sole authority for her + life. A fifteenth century gloss on one of the MSS. has led to her + being wrongly identified with the Irish Bega, the supposed + foundress of St. Bees.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_691" name="note_691" + href="#noteref_691">691.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A Roman station on the Wharfe, now + Tadcaster. Probably the nunnery was at Healaugh (Heiu's + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">laeg</span></span> = territory), three miles + north of Calcaria. A gravestone bearing Heiu's name has been found + there.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_692" name="note_692" + href="#noteref_692">692.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" + class="tei tei-ref">12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_693" name="note_693" + href="#noteref_693">693.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His name does not appear in any of the + lists of bishops. There is no evidence that a see of Dorchester + (cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>, + and note) existed at this time, except from this passage and the + statement of Florence of Worcester to the effect that a fivefold + division of the Mercian diocese took place in 679, that Dorchester + was included in Mercia, and that Aetla was appointed as its bishop. + Probably this latter statement is derived from Bede. It has been + proposed to identify Aetla with Haedde, Bishop of the West Saxons + (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>; + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>; + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>), but it + seems unlikely that Bede should not have mentioned their identity. + The most probable explanation seems to be that a see was + established about 679 at Dorchester (which may have been under + Mercia at the time) and that Aetla was its bishop, but that it had + only a very short existence.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_694" name="note_694" + href="#noteref_694">694.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, + notes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_695" name="note_695" + href="#noteref_695">695.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">John of Beverley, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Inderauuda”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_II" class="tei tei-ref">V, 2</a>). He and + Berthun (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span>) are said to have founded + Beverley. He was consecrated Bishop of Hexham, probably in 687, + transferred to York 705, when Wilfrid was restored to Hexham, and + died in 721, soon after his retirement to Beverley (<a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">V, 6</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>). As Bishop of Hexham he ordained Bede both + deacon and priest (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V. 24</a>). He had been a pupil of Archbishop + Theodore (cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">V. + 3</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_696" name="note_696" + href="#noteref_696">696.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wilfrid II, Bishop of York. He + succeeded John (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 6</a>) in 718, and was still Bishop of York in 731 when Bede + finished the History (cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 23</a>). In 732 he resigned and was succeeded by + Egbert (to whom Bede addressed the Ep. ad Egb., and who in 735 + received the pallium as Archbishop of York). Wilfrid died in 745 + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Continuation" + class="tei tei-ref">Continuation</a>, 732, 735, and 745). His + character is highly praised by Alcuin (De Sanct. Ebor.).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_697" name="note_697" + href="#noteref_697">697.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hartlepool and Whitby, both apparently + double monasteries.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_698" name="note_698" + href="#noteref_698">698.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. II, 2, p. <a href="#Pg084" class= + "tei tei-ref">84</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_699" name="note_699" + href="#noteref_699">699.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dr. Stubbs suggests that this sub-king + of the Hwiccas may possibly be the same as Osric of Northumbria, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 23</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_700" name="note_700" + href="#noteref_700">700.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The see was at Worcester. The + foundation of the bishopric is assigned by Florence of Worcester to + the year 679, the date of the alleged fivefold division of the + Mercian diocese (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> p. <a href="#Pg272" class= + "tei tei-ref">272</a>, note 2), Bosel being appointed bishop.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_701" name="note_701" + href="#noteref_701">701.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" + class="tei tei-ref">12</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_702" name="note_702" + href="#noteref_702">702.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The consecration of Oftfor is + generally placed in 691. It was after Wilfrid's second expulsion, + when he was acting as Bishop of Leicester. Theodore had died in + 690, and Bertwald was not consecrated till 693 (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 8</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_703" name="note_703" + href="#noteref_703">703.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">So Florence of Worcester.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_704" name="note_704" + href="#noteref_704">704.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was king of the Britons of Loidis + and Elmet. It was probably to avenge the death of his nephew, + Hereric, that Edwin conquered Loidis and drove out Cerdic.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_705" name="note_705" + href="#noteref_705">705.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">14</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_706" name="note_706" + href="#noteref_706">706.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hackness, thirteen miles from Whitby + and three to the west of Scarborough. It was a cell belonging to + Whitby. At the dissolution under Henry VIII, it contained only four + monks, of the Benedictine order (Dugdale, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Monasticon”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_707" name="note_707" + href="#noteref_707">707.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">She has been confused with Heiu and + with Bega, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> p. <a href="#Pg271" class= + "tei tei-ref">271</a>, note 7.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_708" name="note_708" + href="#noteref_708">708.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, the Prioress.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_709" name="note_709" + href="#noteref_709">709.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Obviously ballads, probably of a + warlike character, existed before Caedmon, but he is regarded as + the father of English sacred poetry. It is a question how far the + new impulse arose independently among the Anglo-Saxons, or is to be + connected with Old Saxon religious poetry of which the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Heliand”</span> is the only extant specimen (cf. + Plummer, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad loc.</span></span>). Of the mass of poetry + attributed to Caedmon, much must be regarded as not his actual + work. The fragment translated here by Bede has been accepted as + genuine by most critics. It exists in the Northumbrian dialect at + the end of the Moore MS. of Bede, and in a West Saxon form in other + MSS., as well as in the Anglo-Saxon translation of Bede's History, + the Northumbrian version being the oldest.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_710" name="note_710" + href="#noteref_710">710.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Villicus,”</span> A.S. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“tun-gerefa”</span> = town-reeve, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + headman of the township. Cædmon was apparently a herdsman on a farm + belonging to the monastery.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_711" name="note_711" + href="#noteref_711">711.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Levit., xi, 3, and Deut., xiv, + 6.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_712" name="note_712" + href="#noteref_712">712.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apparently reserved and kept in the + Infirmary for the Communion of the dying.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_713" name="note_713" + href="#noteref_713">713.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Matins were sung soon after + midnight.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_714" name="note_714" + href="#noteref_714">714.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Coldingham, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a> and + note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_715" name="note_715" + href="#noteref_715">715.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not the Abbot of Iona who wrote the + the life of St. Columba (V, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">15</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">21</a>). This Adamnan is found in the Martyrology of + Wilson, in Colgan's <span class="tei tei-q">“Lives of the Irish + Saints,”</span> and in Bollandus, <span class="tei tei-q">“Acta + Sanctorum.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_716" name="note_716" + href="#noteref_716">716.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">From the Vulgate, Ps. xciv, 2. (xcv in + our Psalter.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_717" name="note_717" + href="#noteref_717">717.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">19</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_718" name="note_718" + href="#noteref_718">718.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The detached dwellings built round the + principal buildings of the community. Irish monasteries were built + after this fashion.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_719" name="note_719" + href="#noteref_719">719.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wearmouth and Jarrow.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_720" name="note_720" + href="#noteref_720">720.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Berct, cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">V, 24</a> (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sub</span></span> + 698), note. The circumstances which led to the invasion are not + known.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_721" name="note_721" + href="#noteref_721">721.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Picts north of the Forth, cf. c. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span> Their king at this time was Bruide mac Bili, who + was Egfrid's distant kinsman. In 672 Egfrid had crushed a rising of + Picts under the same king.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_722" name="note_722" + href="#noteref_722">722.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">27-32</a>. He had a mysterious intimation of + the disaster at the hour of the king's defeat and death, and warned + the queen (Eormenburg), who was with him at Carlisle (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Bede's Life of Cuthbert, and the Anonymous Life). He is also said + to have prophesied the king's death a year before to Elfled, + Egfrid's sister (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 24</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_723" name="note_723" + href="#noteref_723">723.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">At Nechtansmere or Dunnechtan, + identified with Dunnichen, near Forfar. Egfrid was buried in Iona, + where Adamnan, the friend of his successor, was Abbot.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_724" name="note_724" + href="#noteref_724">724.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">5</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span>, note. If he succeeded + in February, 670, this would be his sixteenth year.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_725" name="note_725" + href="#noteref_725">725.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" + class="tei tei-ref">4</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">27</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 3</a>; V, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">9</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-ref">10</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">22</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>. His English birth and long residence in + Ireland fitted him to be a mediator.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_726" name="note_726" + href="#noteref_726">726.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Vergil, Aen. II, 169.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_727" name="note_727" + href="#noteref_727">727.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Dalriadic Scots (Cf. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">I, 1</a>, note; <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XXXIV" class="tei tei-ref">I, 34</a>) and the Britons + of Strathclyde.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_728" name="note_728" + href="#noteref_728">728.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" + class="tei tei-ref">12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_729" name="note_729" + href="#noteref_729">729.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Abercorn on the Forth, cf. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">I, 12</a>; <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_730" name="note_730" + href="#noteref_730">730.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" + class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_731" name="note_731" + href="#noteref_731">731.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. III, 24, p. <a href="#Pg190" + class="tei tei-ref">190</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_732" name="note_732" + href="#noteref_732">732.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 24</a>, and note. Elfled succeeded Hilda as + abbess, and apparently ruled jointly with her mother.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_733" name="note_733" + href="#noteref_733">733.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">V</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">passim</span></span>, and Bede's two lives of + Cuthbert. His mother's name is said by the Irish authorities to + have been Fina. He had lived among the Irish islands (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“in insulis Scottorum,”</span> and <span class= + "tei tei-q">“in regionibus Scottorum”</span>) for the sake of + study, according to Bede, but William of Malmesbury implies that + Egfrid may have been responsible for his exile. He was a man of + great learning and of scholarly tastes. In Bede's <span class= + "tei tei-q">“History of the Abbots,”</span> we are told that he + gave eight hides of land for a MS. which Benedict Biscop had + brought from Rome.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_734" name="note_734" + href="#noteref_734">734.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">5</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">17</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXII" class= + "tei tei-ref">22</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_735" name="note_735" + href="#noteref_735">735.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">1</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_V" class= + "tei tei-ref">5</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_736" name="note_736" + href="#noteref_736">736.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apparently at one time joint-king with + Hlothere. Certain dooms are ascribed to them both. According to + Thomas of Elmham, he was killed in war against Caedwalla, king of + Wessex, and his brother, Mul, who were at this time encroaching on + Kent.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_737" name="note_737" + href="#noteref_737">737.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Mul seems to have usurped the throne + for a time.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_738" name="note_738" + href="#noteref_738">738.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 692 we find him reigning as + joint-king with Swaebhard (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 8</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>). He must have succeeded + in 690, if Bede's dates are correct; cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 23</a>, where it is + said that he died on April 23, 725, after a reign of thirty-four + and a half years.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_739" name="note_739" + href="#noteref_739">739.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, 685.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_740" name="note_740" + href="#noteref_740">740.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_741" name="note_741" + href="#noteref_741">741.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVI" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 16</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_742" name="note_742" + href="#noteref_742">742.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">As a boy he had been remarkable for + his high spirits and love of athletic exercises. The rebuke of a + little boy of three is said to have turned his thoughts to a more + serious life, and a vision which he saw as he watched his sheep on + the Lammermuir Hills on the night of Aidan's death, led him to form + the resolve of entering a monastery. (Bede's Life of + Cuthbert.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_743" name="note_743" + href="#noteref_743">743.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Melrose; cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">III, 26</a> and + note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_744" name="note_744" + href="#noteref_744">744.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> and <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 9</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_745" name="note_745" + href="#noteref_745">745.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. 12, p. <a href="#Pg243" class= + "tei tei-ref">243</a>, note 1.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_746" name="note_746" + href="#noteref_746">746.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">28</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_IX" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 9</a>. Probably here <span class= + "tei tei-q">“sacerdos”</span> = priest, A.S. version: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“masse-preost.”</span> But Aelfric calls him bishop. + The town of St. Boswells on the Tweed is called after him. For an + instance of his prophetic spirit, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>, c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>. It was his fame which drew Cuthbert to + Melrose. When he saw the youth on his arrival, he exclaimed, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Behold a servant of the Lord!”</span> He + is generally supposed to have been carried off by the plague of + 664. For an account of his last days spent in reading the Gospel of + St. John with Cuthbert, v. Bede's Prose Life of Cuthbert. The + <span class="tei tei-q">“codex”</span> which they used was extant + in Durham in Simeon of Durham's time.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_747" name="note_747" + href="#noteref_747">747.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. III, 3, p. <a href="#Pg139" class= + "tei tei-ref">139</a>, note 3.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_748" name="note_748" + href="#noteref_748">748.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">I, 27</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_749" name="note_749" + href="#noteref_749">749.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Much of the account given here is from + the prose life.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_750" name="note_750" + href="#noteref_750">750.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The synod of Twyford, a mixed assembly + of clergy and laity, met in the autumn of 684. The place is + <span class="tei tei-q">“perhaps where the Aln is crossed by two + fords near Whittingham”</span> (in Northumberland) (Bright). This + is another instance of the preposition prefixed to the name, cf. + II, 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note + 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_751" name="note_751" + href="#noteref_751">751.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_752" name="note_752" + href="#noteref_752">752.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. 27, p. <a href="#Pg288" class= + "tei tei-ref">288</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_753" name="note_753" + href="#noteref_753">753.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 685.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_754" name="note_754" + href="#noteref_754">754.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" + class="tei tei-ref">12</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_755" name="note_755" + href="#noteref_755">755.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_756" name="note_756" + href="#noteref_756">756.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Soon after Christmas, 686. In + February, 687, his last illness began.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_757" name="note_757" + href="#noteref_757">757.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Herbert's Island in Derwentwater. + Strictly speaking, the Derwent flows through Derwentwater: it rises + in Borrowdale. An indulgence of forty days was granted by Thomas + Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1374 to pilgrims who visited the + island.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_758" name="note_758" + href="#noteref_758">758.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Carlisle, called also Luel by Simeon + of Durham.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_759" name="note_759" + href="#noteref_759">759.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 687.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_760" name="note_760" + href="#noteref_760">760.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In St. Peter's Church. In 875, when + the monks fled from Lindisfarne before the Danes, his relics were + removed, first to Chester-le-Street, then to Ripon, and eventually + to Durham. Simeon of Durham says the body was found to be + uncorrupted, when it was placed in the new Cathedral there in + 1104.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_761" name="note_761" + href="#noteref_761">761.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The year in which he administered the + bishopric falls between his restoration to York, Hexham, and the + monastery of Ripon, and his second expulsion.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_762" name="note_762" + href="#noteref_762">762.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 25</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXX" class="tei tei-ref">30</a>. In the life of + Cuthbert he is described as a man <span class="tei tei-q">“magnarum + virtutum”</span> (miraculous powers?). Alcuin tells that he calmed + the winds by his prayers.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_763" name="note_763" + href="#noteref_763">763.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">698 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_764" name="note_764" + href="#noteref_764">764.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Dacre, a small stream near + Penrith. There are the ruins of a castle, and Smith says there is a + tradition of a monastery on its banks.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_765" name="note_765" + href="#noteref_765">765.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not the missionary in <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">V, 11</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_766" name="note_766" + href="#noteref_766">766.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Innumera + miracula”</span> are ascribed to him by Florence of Worcester.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_767" name="note_767" + href="#noteref_767">767.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 16</a>, and note; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 27-30</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_768" name="note_768" + href="#noteref_768">768.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ripon, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> III, + 25, p. <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref">194</a>; <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_769" name="note_769" + href="#noteref_769">769.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cuthbert and Eadbert (IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXIX" class="tei tei-ref">29</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXX" class="tei tei-ref">30</a>). His relics were + removed with Cuthbert's and finally interred at Durham.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_770" name="note_770" + href="#noteref_770">770.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>, and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>. He reigned from 685 to 705.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_771" name="note_771" + href="#noteref_771">771.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 26</a>; IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">27</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>. He died in 686.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_772" name="note_772" + href="#noteref_772">772.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">John of Beverley, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> IV, + 23, p. <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref">273</a>, and note. + Wilfrid administered the bishopric during the vacancy between + Eata's death and John's consecration in 687.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_773" name="note_773" + href="#noteref_773">773.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_774" name="note_774" + href="#noteref_774">774.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Beverley. The present name is said to + be derived from a colony of beavers in the Hull river. In 866 the + minster was destroyed by the Danes, but it was repaired three years + later. In 925 Athelstan restored it and made it collegiate, giving + it lands and various privileges. (For the preposition, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, + 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_775" name="note_775" + href="#noteref_775">775.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Supposed to have been at St. John's + Lee, near Hexham. The old name is Erneshow or Herneshaw. (Richard + of Hexham, Folcard.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_776" name="note_776" + href="#noteref_776">776.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The reading of the best MSS., + <span class="tei tei-q">“Clymeterium”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. ll.</span></span> + clymiterium, climiterium, clymitorium) seems inexplicable. Smith + reads <span class="tei tei-q">“coemeterium,”</span> probably on the + authority of a gloss (<span class="tei tei-q">“id est + cimeterium”</span>) on some of the later MSS., and it has generally + been translated <span class="tei tei-q">“cemetery.”</span> The AS. + version has <span class="tei tei-q">“gebæd hus 7 ciricean”</span> = + oratory and church.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_777" name="note_777" + href="#noteref_777">777.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts, iii, 2-8.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_778" name="note_778" + href="#noteref_778">778.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was Wilfrid's second restoration. + He recovered Hexham and the monastery of Ripon at the Synod on the + Nidd in 705.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_779" name="note_779" + href="#noteref_779">779.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bosa (IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" + class="tei tei-ref">12</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>) died <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 705.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_780" name="note_780" + href="#noteref_780">780.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Watton in the East Riding of + Yorkshire. (<span class="tei tei-q">“Hodie Watton, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + humida villa ex aquis et paludibus quibus septa est.”</span> + Smith.) It is called Betendune by Folcard, the biographer of Bishop + John.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_781" name="note_781" + href="#noteref_781">781.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For <span class= + "tei tei-q">“studium”</span> = medical treatment, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Plummer, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad loc.</span></span> Under the verb, + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">studere</span></span>, Ducange gives instances + of this meaning: <span class="tei tei-q">“Iussitque rex, ut + studeretur a medicis”</span>; Greg. Turon., vi, 32. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Episcopus, adhibito mulomedico, jussit ei (equo) + studium impendere, quo scilicet sanari potuisset”</span>; St. + Audoënus, lib. 2; Vit. St. Eligii, 44.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_782" name="note_782" + href="#noteref_782">782.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop John had studied under + Theodore. Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, + 23</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_783" name="note_783" + href="#noteref_783">783.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Note the tendency to hereditary + succession in monasteries (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Haddan and Stubbs, III, + 337-338). Instances are, however, rare in England, though common in + Ireland, where the clan system affected ecclesiastical preferments. + Eanfled and Elfled at Whitby are not a case in point, as Eanfled + did not precede her daughter, but was only associated with her in + some way in the government of the monastery.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_784" name="note_784" + href="#noteref_784">784.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This <span class= + "tei tei-q">“vill”</span> was at South Burton (Folcard), now called + Bishop Burton, between two and three miles from Beverley.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_785" name="note_785" + href="#noteref_785">785.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">To redeem his fast, as the A.S. + version explains.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_786" name="note_786" + href="#noteref_786">786.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., viii, 14-15; St. Mark, i, + 30-31; St. Luke, iv, 38-39.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_787" name="note_787" + href="#noteref_787">787.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">At North Burton (Dugdale, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Monasticon”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_788" name="note_788" + href="#noteref_788">788.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He lived till 745, according to Simeon + of Durham.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_789" name="note_789" + href="#noteref_789">789.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">There were probably two monasteries at + Tynemouth, the one mentioned here, and another (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Bede's <span class="tei tei-q">“Life of Cuthbert”</span>), which + had been a house of monks, but afterwards, when Bede wrote, had + become a nunnery.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_790" name="note_790" + href="#noteref_790">790.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Breathing on the face and catechizing + were practised in order to exorcise evil spirits from the hearts of + catechumens (Bede, Opp. viii, 106).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_791" name="note_791" + href="#noteref_791">791.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Saxon Chronicle is very exact: + <span class="tei tei-q">“Thirty-three years, eight months, and + thirteen days.”</span> This would date his episcopate from August, + 687, to May, 721, for May 7th was observed as the day of his + festival at Beverley.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_792" name="note_792" + href="#noteref_792">792.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_II" + class="tei tei-ref">2</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_793" name="note_793" + href="#noteref_793">793.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wilfrid II: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> IV, + 23, p. <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref">273</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_794" name="note_794" + href="#noteref_794">794.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, in 688. For Caedwalla, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a> (and note), <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class="tei tei-ref">16</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_795" name="note_795" + href="#noteref_795">795.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Sergius I, 687-701.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_796" name="note_796" + href="#noteref_796">796.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. II, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_IX" + class="tei tei-ref">9</a>, <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">14</a> and notes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_797" name="note_797" + href="#noteref_797">797.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 14</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_798" name="note_798" + href="#noteref_798">798.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">By Benedictus Crispus, Archbishop of + Milan. He died in 725.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_799" name="note_799" + href="#noteref_799">799.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Sergius was his godfather + (cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>, + where Oswald stands sponsor for Cynegils). The Saxon Chronicle says + he also baptized him.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_800" name="note_800" + href="#noteref_800">800.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Justinian II. He succeeded in 685 and + died in 711.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_801" name="note_801" + href="#noteref_801">801.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 15</a>, and note. Thus, according to Bede's + reckoning, he reigned from 688 to 725, but the date of his + abdication is variously given.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_802" name="note_802" + href="#noteref_802">802.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gregory II., 715-731, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Preface, p. <a href="#Pg002" class="tei tei-ref">2</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_803" name="note_803" + href="#noteref_803">803.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was consecrated 26th March, 668, + and died, as Bede says here, on 19th September, 690.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_804" name="note_804" + href="#noteref_804">804.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The church of SS. Peter and Paul. Cf. + II, 3, p. <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref">90</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_805" name="note_805" + href="#noteref_805">805.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">They are elegiacs. Cf. <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_X" class="tei tei-ref">I, 10</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_806" name="note_806" + href="#noteref_806">806.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 3</a>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">19</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_807" name="note_807" + href="#noteref_807">807.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The old Roman town Reculver, in Kent. + A charter of 679 exists (the oldest original English charter + extant) by which King Hlothere of Kent grants land in Thanet to + Bertwald and his monastery.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_808" name="note_808" + href="#noteref_808">808.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Said to be the Inlade.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_809" name="note_809" + href="#noteref_809">809.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The see was, therefore, vacant for two + years, possibly owing to the political troubles of the time, cf. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span> The further delay of a year between Bertwald's + election and consecration may have been caused by his desire to + obtain greater weight as consecrated by the Primate of a + neighbouring Church (Haddan and Stubbs, III, 229).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_810" name="note_810" + href="#noteref_810">810.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Wictred, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>, and + note. Thomas of Elmham tries to identify Suaebhard with Suefred, + son of Sebbi, king of the East Saxons (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 11</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>), and says that he made himself king of Kent by + violence, but this seems very improbable.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_811" name="note_811" + href="#noteref_811">811.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was Archbishop of Lyons. The Church + of Lyons did not obtain the primacy over other metropolitan + churches till the eleventh century, but apparently it held a + leading position even before this time.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_812" name="note_812" + href="#noteref_812">812.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was trained under Theodore and + Hadrian in the School of Canterbury; cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 23</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span> The date of Gebmund's death and the succession + of Tobias cannot be earlier than 696, as Gebmund (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>) appears + to have been present at the Kentish Witenagemot of Bersted in that + year. (Haddan and Stubbs, III, 238, 241.) Tobias died in 726.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_813" name="note_813" + href="#noteref_813">813.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" + class="tei tei-ref">4</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">27</a>; IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">3</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">26</a>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> cc. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_X" class="tei tei-ref">10</a>, <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>, <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_814" name="note_814" + href="#noteref_814">814.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The name does not occur in any Celtic + literature which we possess. All the evidence seems to show that + the Celts have always called the English <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Saxons.”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ellmyn,”</span> for Allemanni, occurs sometimes in + Welsh poetry (Rhŷs, <span class="tei tei-q">“Celtic + Britain”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_815" name="note_815" + href="#noteref_815">815.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Frisians at this time occupied the + coastland from the Maas to the region beyond the Ems. The Rugini + are probably the Rugii (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Tacitus, Germania, Chapter + XLIII). They were on the shores of the Baltic, probably about the + mouth of the Oder (the name survives in Rügen and Rügenwalde). They + are found with other North German tribes in the army of Attila, and + afterwards formed a settlement on the Lower Danube. The Danes were + mainly in Jutland, Fünen, and the extreme south of Scandinavia. The + Huns, who appeared in Europe towards the end of the fourth century + and menaced both the Eastern and Western Empires, were, after + Attila's death, driven eastwards, and settled near the Pontus, + disappearing among the Bulgarians and other kindred tribes. The Old + Saxons, or Saxons of the Continent (cf. <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XV" + class="tei tei-ref">I, 15</a>), occupied both sides of the Elbe. + The name Saxon does not occur in the oldest accounts of the + Germans. Probably it was a new name for a union of nations which + comprised the Cherusci, Chauci, Angrivarii (and perhaps other + tribes) of Tacitus. The Boructuari are the Bructeri in Westphalia + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Zeuss, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_816" name="note_816" + href="#noteref_816">816.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 27</a> (note) and <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class="tei tei-ref">28</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_817" name="note_817" + href="#noteref_817">817.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Melrose; cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">III, 26</a>; <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 27</a>, and + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_818" name="note_818" + href="#noteref_818">818.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 27</a>. Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 26</a>; IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_II" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 2</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_819" name="note_819" + href="#noteref_819">819.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" + class="tei tei-ref">3</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-ref">4</a>, and notes; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, + the monasteries which owed their origin to Columba and were + included in the <span class="tei tei-q">“province”</span> of Iona. + They are distinguished from those which are mentioned in c. + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a> as + <span class="tei tei-q">“ab Hiensium dominio liberi.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_820" name="note_820" + href="#noteref_820">820.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His baptismal name was Colum + (<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">columba</span></span> = a dove). He is said to + have acquired the name of Colum-cille, because in his youth he was + so constantly in the <span class="tei tei-q">“cell”</span> or + oratory.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_821" name="note_821" + href="#noteref_821">821.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Jonah, i, 12.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_822" name="note_822" + href="#noteref_822">822.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Nothing more is known of him. Alcuin + mentions him in his life of Wilbrord. His name is included in a + list of the eleven companions of Wilbrord given in a life of St. + Suidbert (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">11</a>), but no value is to + be attached to it (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Haddan and Stubbs, III, 225). + Bede distinctly says that he retired from missionary efforts after + this unsuccessful attempt.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_823" name="note_823" + href="#noteref_823">823.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The story is told that at one time + Rathbed was about to receive baptism at the hands of St. Wulfram, + Archbishop of Sens, but drew back on being told that his ancestors + were among the lost, refusing to go to Heaven without them. His + perpetual wars with the Franks ended in his defeat and expulsion, + and he died in 719.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_824" name="note_824" + href="#noteref_824">824.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The authority for Wilbrord's life is + Alcuin, who wrote it both in prose and verse. Wilbrord was born in + 657 or 658 in Northumbria, and was handed over by his mother to the + monks at Ripon in his infancy. His father, Wilgils, became a hermit + on a promontory at the mouth of the Humber. At the age of twenty he + went to Ireland for the sake of study and a stricter life. In 690 + he set out for Frisland with eleven others, landed at Katwyk and + went to Utrecht, which was afterwards his episcopal see + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-ref">11</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_825" name="note_825" + href="#noteref_825">825.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">They turned aside to Pippin on finding + Rathbed obdurate. Pippin of Heristal, Mayor of the Palace of the + Austrasian kings, had defeated the Neustrians at Testry in 687 and + was now the actual ruler of the Franks, though it was his grandson, + Pippin the Short, who first assumed royal power.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_826" name="note_826" + href="#noteref_826">826.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. 9, p. <a href="#Pg319" class= + "tei tei-ref">319</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_827" name="note_827" + href="#noteref_827">827.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Roger of Wendover places their mission + in 695. It must have been later than Wilbrord's in 690.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_828" name="note_828" + href="#noteref_828">828.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Satrap,”</span> cf. Stubbs, Constitutional History, i, + pp. 41-42. From this passage and similar notices of the Continental + Saxons he infers that they had remained free from Roman influences + and from any foreign intermixture of blood or institutions. + <span class="tei tei-q">“They had preserved the ancient features of + German life in their purest forms.... King Alfred, when he + translated Bede had no difficulty in recognizing in the satrap the + ealdorman, in the villicus the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">tungerefa</span></span>, in the vicus the + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">tunscipe</span></span> of his own + land.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_829" name="note_829" + href="#noteref_829">829.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The year cannot be fixed.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_830" name="note_830" + href="#noteref_830">830.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Church of St. Cunibert, Cologne + (Gallican Martyrology, quoted by Smith).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_831" name="note_831" + href="#noteref_831">831.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Sergius I: <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_832" name="note_832" + href="#noteref_832">832.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Alcuin tells how he killed some of the + sacred cattle of the god Fosite, a son of Balder, in Heligoland, + and baptized three men in his well.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_833" name="note_833" + href="#noteref_833">833.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A life of him by Marcellinus + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>, note on Wictbert) is + worthless historically. Besides what we learn from Bede, we have + the date of his death (713) given by the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Annales Francorum.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_834" name="note_834" + href="#noteref_834">834.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was after Wilfrid's second + expulsion (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 19</a>). Bertwald was elected in July, 692, and returned from the + Continent in August, 693 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">8</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_835" name="note_835" + href="#noteref_835">835.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The usual form of the name is + Plectrude.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_836" name="note_836" + href="#noteref_836">836.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Kaiserwerth on the Rhine, where it is + believed that his relics still remain in a silver shrine in the + thirteenth-century church. (For the preposition, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, + 14, p. <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref">119</a>, note 5.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_837" name="note_837" + href="#noteref_837">837.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. + The festival is 22nd November. As to the year, Mr. Plummer + considers that an entry in an old calendar belonging to Epternach, + near Trèves, Wilbrord's own monastery, giving the date 695, is + almost certainly by Wilbrord himself.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_838" name="note_838" + href="#noteref_838">838.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Utrecht. A distinction has been drawn + between the two places, Wiltaburg, or Wiltenburg, being a village + near Utrecht, but the names appear to be interchangeable.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_839" name="note_839" + href="#noteref_839">839.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Church of St. Saviour. He also + rebuilt a small church which had been destroyed by the pagans, and + consecrated it in honour of St. Martin (Letter of St. Boniface to + Pope Stephen). The cathedral stands on the site of this + church.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_840" name="note_840" + href="#noteref_840">840.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede writes in 731. As Alcuin says + Wilbrord lived to be eighty-one years of age, he must have died in + 738 or 739. Boniface is fairly accurate when he says that he + preached for fifty years.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_841" name="note_841" + href="#noteref_841">841.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Mr. Skene (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“Celtic Scotland,”</span> i., p. 219) has shown that + the place cannot be Cunningham in Ayrshire, which was not in + Northumbria, but in Strathclyde, and not at that time subject to + Northumbria. He suggests Tininghame in East Lothian, which Simeon + of Durham calls Intiningaham, and places in the diocese of + Lindisfarne (C being a scribe's error for T). Chester-le-Street + (Saxon: Cunungaceaster) has also been suggested.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_842" name="note_842" + href="#noteref_842">842.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Melrose, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">III, 26</a>; + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 27</a>; + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 9</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_843" name="note_843" + href="#noteref_843">843.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 19</a>. On mediaeval visions, cf. Plummer, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + loc.</span></span>, and Bright, p. 144.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_844" name="note_844" + href="#noteref_844">844.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Vergil, Aen. VI, 268.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_845" name="note_845" + href="#noteref_845">845.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">V. 1</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_846" name="note_846" + href="#noteref_846">846.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" + class="tei tei-ref">23</a>. He began life in the service of St. + Cuthbert. He became first Prior, or Provost, then Abbot of Melrose, + and succeeded Eadfrid, who died in 721, as Bishop of Lindisfarne. + He enriched Lindisfarne with two treasures of art: a beautiful + stone cross which he erected there, and a cover of gold and jewels + for the Lindisfarne Gospels, written by Eadfrid in honour of St. + Cuthbert. The book is now in the British Museum, but the cover is + lost.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_847" name="note_847" + href="#noteref_847">847.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">704-709. Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, + c. 19, pp. <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref">345</a>, <a href= + "#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref">356</a>, and c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>. He was the son of + Wulfhere, but being a boy at the time of his father's death, was + passed over in favour of Ethelred, Wulfhere's brother.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_848" name="note_848" + href="#noteref_848">848.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. xxxi, 1, in the Vulgate (xxxii in + our Psalter).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_849" name="note_849" + href="#noteref_849">849.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Whitern; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>, cc. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_850" name="note_850" + href="#noteref_850">850.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. 1 John, v, 16.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_851" name="note_851" + href="#noteref_851">851.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts, vii, 56.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_852" name="note_852" + href="#noteref_852">852.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The northern Irish, and of them only + those who were independent of Iona (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>). The southern Irish had conformed much + earlier; cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 3</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_853" name="note_853" + href="#noteref_853">853.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It is not clear whether Bede means + that any Britons were converted by Adamnan. If so, they must have + been Britons of Strathclyde. The Welsh only conformed 755-777. The + reference may be to those of the Cornish Britons, subject to the + West Saxons, who were led in 705 by Aldhelm's letter to Geraint to + adopt the Catholic Easter (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span>, c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">18</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_854" name="note_854" + href="#noteref_854">854.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ninth Abbot of Iona, 679-704, the + author of the Life of St. Columba.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_855" name="note_855" + href="#noteref_855">855.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Of Northumbria. Aldfrid, who had + studied in Iona during his exile, was his friend. Adamnan visited + the king twice, first, circ. 686, when he obtained the release of + the sixty Irish prisoners taken to England by Berct in 684 + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>) and again two years later (cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. 21, p. <a href="#Pg372" class="tei tei-ref">372</a>, note + 2).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_856" name="note_856" + href="#noteref_856">856.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Irish annals mention two voyages + to Ireland subsequent to that in 686 with the prisoners, viz., in + 692 and 697, after which he probably stayed there till after + Easter, 704.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_857" name="note_857" + href="#noteref_857">857.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">On 23rd September, 704. (The dates are + those of Tighernach and the <span class="tei tei-q">“Annales + Cambriae.”</span>)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_858" name="note_858" + href="#noteref_858">858.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Adamnan's <span class="tei tei-q">“De + Locis Sanctis,”</span> and Bede's account here, are the only + sources of information with regard to this bishop. Adamnan's book + is based on the narrative of Arculf compared with other + authorities. Bede, again, in his own work on the the same subject, + made selections from Adamnan, using also other authorities, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> Josephus.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_859" name="note_859" + href="#noteref_859">859.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, he had copies made of + it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_860" name="note_860" + href="#noteref_860">860.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Nevertheless he quotes his own book + rather than Adamnan's.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_861" name="note_861" + href="#noteref_861">861.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Warren and Conder, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Survey of Western Palestine”</span>: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Bethlehem, a well-built stone town, standing on a + narrow ridge which runs east and west ... towards the east is the + open market place, and, beyond this, the convent in which is the + fourth century church of St. Mary, including the Grotto of the + Nativity beneath the main apse.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_862" name="note_862" + href="#noteref_862">862.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Vulturnus”</span> seems to be distinguished from its + Greek equivalent, <span class="tei tei-q">“Eurus.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_863" name="note_863" + href="#noteref_863">863.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Basilica of the Anastasis was + completed by Constantine in 335 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>, and destroyed in 614 + by Chosroes II, King of Persia. Other ancient travellers besides + Arculf describe the Holy Places. Eucherius, writing about 427-440, + mentions the Martyrium, Golgotha and the Anastasis, and describes + their respective sites in similar terms. Theodorus (about 530 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) alludes to the + Invention of the Holy Cross by Helena, but the earliest authorities + do not connect her with it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_864" name="note_864" + href="#noteref_864">864.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Brucosa.”</span> The adjective is not found in the + dictionaries. But Ducange has the following words from which one + may, perhaps, infer an adjective of kindred meaning: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Brua</span></span>, idem quod supra + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Brossa</span></span>, silvula, + dumetum,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Bruarium</span></span>, ericetum,”</span> and + <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Broca</span></span>, ager incultus, + dumetum.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_865" name="note_865" + href="#noteref_865">865.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Basilica of the Ascension, on the + summit of Mount Olivet, is mentioned by the Pilgrim of Bordeaux who + was in Jerusalem in 333 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> No traces of the + church have been found. He also speaks of the Anastasis, which was + being built at the time.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_866" name="note_866" + href="#noteref_866">866.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Saewulf (1102 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) writes: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Below is the place called Golgotha, where Adam is said + to have been raised to life by the Blood of our Lord which fell + upon him, as is said in the Passion, <span class="tei tei-q">‘And + many bodies of the saints which slept arose.’</span> But in the + sentences of St. Augustine we read that he was buried in Hebron, + where also the three patriarchs were afterwards buried with their + wives, Abraham with Sarah, Isaac with Rebecca, and Jacob with Leah, + as well as the bones of Joseph which the children of Israel carried + with them from Egypt.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_867" name="note_867" + href="#noteref_867">867.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He died at Driffield (supposed to mean + the <span class="tei tei-q">“field of Deira”</span>), in the East + Riding of Yorkshire, on 14th December, 705 (Saxon Chronicle).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_868" name="note_868" + href="#noteref_868">868.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede and the Chronicle do not mention + the usurper Eadwulf, who held the sovereignty for eight weeks. With + Aldfrid the greatness of Northumbria, which had begun to decline + after Egfrid's defeat and death, passed away, except for a brief + revival in the time of Eadbert and his brother, Archbishop Egbert. + Osred was a tyrannical and lawless boy, and a period of political + and ecclesiastical trouble set in (cf. Bede, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Epistola ad Egbertum”</span>; Boniface, Ep. 62, + etc.).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_869" name="note_869" + href="#noteref_869">869.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_870" name="note_870" + href="#noteref_870">870.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>. He has been + mentioned, c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">13</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span> He studied under Aldhelm + at Malmesbury (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_871" name="note_871" + href="#noteref_871">871.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The greatest scholar of his time and + the man of widest influence as a teacher. He was a West Saxon, of + royal blood, born about 639; he studied first under Hadrian in the + School of Canterbury, then under Maildufus (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>), was ordained priest by Bishop Hlothere + (Leutherius, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 7</a>), and about the year 675 became + Abbot of Malmesbury, which under his rule grew to be a place of + importance and attracted crowds of students. On one occasion he + went by invitation of Pope Sergius to Rome. He became Bishop of + Sherborne, when in 705 the West Saxon diocese was divided + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>). He died in 709 in the little church of + Doulting in Somerset and was buried in St. Michael's Church at + Malmesbury. He greatly strengthened the Church in Wessex by his + influence with King Ini and his zeal in building churches and + monasteries in various places. His widespread influence, as well as + his generous use of it, is shown by his letter to Wilfrid's clergy + after the Council of Estrefeld, exhorting them to remain faithful + to their bishop (v. Haddan and Stubbs, III, 254).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_872" name="note_872" + href="#noteref_872">872.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 705. The bishopric of the West + Saxons was the only one which Theodore did not subdivide. The delay + may have been due to the political disturbances of the time, and + these had come to an end under the rule of Ini. Haedde's death + removed a further difficulty. He seems to have resisted Bertwald's + attempt to divide the diocese, for we find in 704 a council + threatening the West Saxons with excommunication if the division is + not carried out. Hampshire, Surrey, and, for a time, Sussex, were + assigned to Winchester; Berkshire, Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, and + Somersetshire to Sherborne (Haddan and Stubbs, III, 276), but the + authorities differ on this point. After the Conquest, the combined + bishoprics of Sherborne and Ramsbury (founded in 909 for Wiltshire) + had their see established at Old Sarum.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_873" name="note_873" + href="#noteref_873">873.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Preface, p. <a href="#Pg003" + class="tei tei-ref">3</a>, and note, and <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 16</a>. In 744 he + resigned his see and died in 745. It appears from a letter of + Boniface to him that he became blind in his old age.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_874" name="note_874" + href="#noteref_874">874.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Malmesbury. It was founded by an Irish + monk and scholar, Maildufus (Irish <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Maelduib”</span>), as a small settlement living under + monastic rule (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> note on Aldhelm).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_875" name="note_875" + href="#noteref_875">875.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His letter to Geraint or Gerontius, + king of Dumnonia (Devon and Cornwall). A West Saxon synod in 705 + appointed Aldhelm to write a book, <span class="tei tei-q">“quo + maligna haeresis Britonum destrueretur”</span> (Faricius, Life of + Aldhelm). He appears to have influenced only those Britons who were + subject to the West Saxons. Devon and Cornwall did not finally + conform to the Catholic Easter till early in the tenth + century.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_876" name="note_876" + href="#noteref_876">876.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 10</a> (note on Hildilid).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_877" name="note_877" + href="#noteref_877">877.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A poet of the fifth century (circ. + 450), author of a poem called <span class="tei tei-q">“Carmen + Paschale.”</span> He translated it into prose and called it + <span class="tei tei-q">“Opus Paschale.”</span> Aldhelm wrote his + prose work first.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_878" name="note_878" + href="#noteref_878">878.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His style is turgid and grandiloquent, + and, owing to the high estimation in which he was held, his + influence in this respect on contemporary writing was harmful.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_879" name="note_879" + href="#noteref_879">879.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">23</a>. A + letter to him from Archbishop Bertwald is extant. We do not know + how long he lived. We have his signature to a charter of 739.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_880" name="note_880" + href="#noteref_880">880.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XV" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 15</a>. The see was established at Selsey. The + date of this event is not known (Matthew of Westminster is the only + authority for 711). Bede indicates it very vaguely (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“quibus administrantibus”</span>), and does not make it + clear to whose administration he alludes. The more obvious + reference is surely to Daniel and Aldhelm, the passage about + Forthere being parenthetical, but the other view has the authority + of Haddan and Stubbs (III, 296), viz., that he means Daniel and + Forthere, and that thus the date is fixed to some time after + Aldhelm's death (709).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_881" name="note_881" + href="#noteref_881">881.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Selsey, cf. IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIII" class="tei tei-ref">13</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_882" name="note_882" + href="#noteref_882">882.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The vacancy was filled in 733 by the + appointment of Sigfrid (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Continuation" + class="tei tei-ref">Continuation</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_883" name="note_883" + href="#noteref_883">883.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span> His fourth year was + 709.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_884" name="note_884" + href="#noteref_884">884.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">C. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">13</a> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span>, and c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>. For a similar action, cf. Caedwalla and Ini + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_VII" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>) and (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>) + Offa.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_885" name="note_885" + href="#noteref_885">885.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Constantine I, 708-715.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_886" name="note_886" + href="#noteref_886">886.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">709-716. St. Boniface (Letter to + Ethelbald) gives Ceolred a very bad character, and says that he + died impenitent at a banquet, seized with sudden madness. He + alludes to him and Osred of Northumbria as the first kings who + tampered with the privileges of the Church.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_887" name="note_887" + href="#noteref_887">887.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXX" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 30</a>, and <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 6</a>. Sighere reigned jointly with Sebbi. They + were succeeded by Sebbi's sons, Sighard and Swefred (<a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 11</a>). Offa probably + succeeded them just before this time (709); William of Malmesbury + says he reigned for a short time. He was succeeded by Selred (d. + 746).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_888" name="note_888" + href="#noteref_888">888.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., xix, 29; St. Mark, x, 30; + St. Luke, xviii, 30.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_889" name="note_889" + href="#noteref_889">889.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Oundle in Northamptonshire, where he + had a monastery on land given him by Wulfhere of Mercia. For the + form of the name, cf. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“in provincia Undalum.”</span> Here the preposition is + prefixed as often; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 14</a>, note. Wilfrid died on a Thursday in + October: there is some uncertainty about the day of the month.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_890" name="note_890" + href="#noteref_890">890.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. the epitaph (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>) + and c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, + where Bede places his consecration in 664. This is supported by + William of Malmesbury, but Eddius says he was bishop for forty-six + years.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_891" name="note_891" + href="#noteref_891">891.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ripon, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>, p. 56. In the tenth century, Odo, Archbishop + of Canterbury, removed certain relics to Canterbury, believing them + to be the body of Wilfrid. At Ripon it was maintained that the + relics were those of Wilfrid II.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_892" name="note_892" + href="#noteref_892">892.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Our main authority for the life of + Wilfrid is Eddius (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_II" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 2</a>). Bede's account is remarkable for + its omissions, though it gives a few facts which Eddius omits.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_893" name="note_893" + href="#noteref_893">893.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">His birth must be placed in 634 (cf. + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, his consecration at the + age of thirty). His father was a Northumbrian thegn. He is said to + have had an unkind stepmother. He was sent by his father to the + court of Oswy, thence, by Eanfled (cf. II, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>; III, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a>, <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">et + saep.</span></span>) to Lindisfarne, at that time under the rule of + Aidan.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_894" name="note_894" + href="#noteref_894">894.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>. He was the son of Eadbald (II, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">5</a>, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">6</a>, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">et + saep.</span></span>). Eanfled's mother was the sister of Eadbald, + the Kentish princess Ethelberg (<span class= + "tei tei-q">“Tata”</span>), wife of Edwin (II, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">11</a>, <a href= + "#Book_II_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_895" name="note_895" + href="#noteref_895">895.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_II_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 18</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">et saep.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_896" name="note_896" + href="#noteref_896">896.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 18</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_897" name="note_897" + href="#noteref_897">897.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 25</a>. Annemundus was the name of the + Archbishop. Dalfinus, Count of Lyons, was his brother. Eddius makes + the same mistake.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_898" name="note_898" + href="#noteref_898">898.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A daughter of the Count.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_899" name="note_899" + href="#noteref_899">899.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He presented Wilfrid to the Pope, + Eugenius I. A leaden <span class="tei tei-q">“bulla”</span> with + the name of Boniface, Archdeacon, inscribed upon it was found at + Whitby not long ago.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_900" name="note_900" + href="#noteref_900">900.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, to Annemundus.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_901" name="note_901" + href="#noteref_901">901.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This seems to be another mistake in + which Bede follows Eddius. It was probably Ebroin (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>, note), + Mayor of the Palace to her infant son Clothaire III, who put + Annemundus to death. Baldhild was, however, regent at the time. + Eddius calls her a Jezebel, but all that we know of her shows her + to have been a most pious and charitable lady, and she has been + canonized by the Church. She was especially active in her efforts + to stop the traffic in slaves. She herself, though she is said to + have been of noble English birth, had been sold as a slave into + Gaul. She was married first to Ercinwald, Mayor of the Palace, the + predecessor of Ebroin (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 19</a>), and afterwards to Clovis II, King + of Neustria and Burgundy, 638-656. Baldhild ended her life in the + monastery of Chelles (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VIII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 8</a>, and note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_902" name="note_902" + href="#noteref_902">902.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">14</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXI" class= + "tei tei-ref">21</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>. He was a friend of Coinwalch of Wessex, from + whom, as Eddius says, he learned to love the Roman rules.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_903" name="note_903" + href="#noteref_903">903.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Possibly Stamford, in Lincolnshire; + more probably, since the land belonged to Alchfrid, Stamford + Bridge, on the Derwent, in Yorkshire.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_904" name="note_904" + href="#noteref_904">904.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 25</a>, where the extent is given as forty + families, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“hides.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_905" name="note_905" + href="#noteref_905">905.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. III, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VII" + class="tei tei-ref">7</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class= + "tei tei-ref">25</a>, <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">28</a>; IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">1</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>. For the Gewissae, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" class="tei tei-ref">II, 5</a> and + note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_906" name="note_906" + href="#noteref_906">906.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">At the synod of Whitby, 664 (<a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 25</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_907" name="note_907" + href="#noteref_907">907.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Tuda (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVI" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 26</a>) had died of the plague of 664. For + Wilfrid's consecration, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 28</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span>, and note. Agilbert was not Bishop of Paris + till 666 (cf. III, 25, p. <a href="#Pg194" class= + "tei tei-ref">194</a>, note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_908" name="note_908" + href="#noteref_908">908.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XXVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 28</a>, and note. Wilfrid did not return + to Britain till 666. Bede omits the story of his shipwreck on the + coast of Sussex, and says nothing of the three years spent as Abbot + of Ripon, whither he retired on finding Ceadda installed in his + place. During this time he acted occasionally as Bishop for Mercia, + where the see was vacant by the death of Jaruman in 667, and for + Kent, during part of the vacancy between the death of Deusdedit in + 664 and Theodore's arrival in 669.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_909" name="note_909" + href="#noteref_909">909.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The same Witan which elected Wilfrid + decided to transfer the Northumbrian see from Lindisfarne back to + York, where Paulinus had originally established it.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_910" name="note_910" + href="#noteref_910">910.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 678, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>, and + note. Bede passes over nine years of ceaseless activity in the + diocese. It was during this time that Wilfrid built his great + churches.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_911" name="note_911" + href="#noteref_911">911.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eddius says that he went there by his + own wish. This is not the occasion referred to in <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XIII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 13</a> (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + note, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + loc.</span></span>). Ebroin, from motives of private enmity + (Wilfrid had helped his enemy, Dagobert II of Austrasia), attempted + to bribe Aldgils to kill or surrender Wilfrid, but his offer was + indignantly rejected.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_912" name="note_912" + href="#noteref_912">912.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_X" class= + "tei tei-ref">10</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XI" class= + "tei tei-ref">11</a>; cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 13</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_913" name="note_913" + href="#noteref_913">913.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">On the way he visited Dagobert II of + Austrasia, and Perctarit, king of the Lombards.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_914" name="note_914" + href="#noteref_914">914.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">At a council of fifty bishops held in + the Lateran in 679. Theodore had sent documents stating his side of + the case in charge of a monk named Coenwald. For Agatho, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 18</a>. The decision was that Wilfrid + should be reinstated in his bishopric and the intruding bishops + removed, but that afterwards he should appoint coadjutors who + should be consecrated by the Archbishop.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_915" name="note_915" + href="#noteref_915">915.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This council was held in 680 in + preparation for the Council at Constantinople in 680-681, against + the Monothelites (cf. IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVII" class= + "tei tei-ref">17</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>, and notes).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_916" name="note_916" + href="#noteref_916">916.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 680. Here Bede strangely omits + important events. On Wilfrid's return to Northumbria he was accused + of having procured his acquittal by bribery and was imprisoned for + nine months, first at Bromnis (unidentified) and then at Dunbar. + Being released at the request of Aebba, Abbess of Coldingham + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> IV, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIX" class="tei tei-ref">19</a>, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">25</a>), who was Egfrid's + aunt, he went first to Mercia and then to Wessex, but was expelled + from both provinces. Egfrid's sister Osthryth was the wife of + Ethelred of Mercia, and in Wessex the king, Centwine, had married a + sister of the Northumbrian queen, Eormenburg.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_917" name="note_917" + href="#noteref_917">917.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 13</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_918" name="note_918" + href="#noteref_918">918.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XIII" + class="tei tei-ref">13</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">16</a>. His connection with Caedwalla of Wessex is to + be placed here (<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, + 16</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_919" name="note_919" + href="#noteref_919">919.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 686 he was restored to the + bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon. The diocese over + which he was now placed was greatly circumscribed. Lindsey and + Abercorn, besides having been detached by the subdivision, had both + ceased to belong to Northumbria; Lindisfarne and Hexham were + separate bishoprics and were merely administered by Wilfrid till + the appointment of Eadbert to Lindisfarne and of John to Hexham. + The restoration of Wilfrid was brought about by Theodore who had + become reconciled to him and induced Aldfrid to allow him to be + reinstated.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_920" name="note_920" + href="#noteref_920">920.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was his second expulsion, in 691. + Dissensions had arisen about various matters. The most important + were the attempt, resisted by Wilfrid, to form Ripon into a + separate see, and the requirement that he should accept the decrees + of Theodore of 678. To accept these would have been equivalent to a + rejection of the Pope's judgement in his case.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_921" name="note_921" + href="#noteref_921">921.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bede omits here Wilfrid's second + sojourn in Mercia (eleven years), when he acted temporarily as + Bishop of the Middle English (he alludes to it in <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>), and the + great Council, representative of the whole English Church, summoned + by Aldfrid in 702 and held at a place in Northumbria (unidentified; + possibly Austerfield in the West Riding of Yorkshire) called by + Eddius <span class="tei tei-q">“Ouestraefelda”</span> and + <span class="tei tei-q">“Aetswinapathe”</span> (supposed to mean + <span class="tei tei-q">“at the swine's path,”</span> or + <span class="tei tei-q">“Edwinspath”</span>). At this Council + Wilfrid was excommunicated and deprived of all his possessions + except the monastery of Ripon. He appealed again to the Apostolic + see and returned to Mercia. Probably in the following year he set + out for Rome, visiting Wilbrord in Frisia by the way (cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XIII" class="tei tei-ref">III, 13</a>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_922" name="note_922" + href="#noteref_922">922.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">John VI, 701-705. Bertwald had sent + envoys to represent Wilfrid's opponents. The investigation took + four months, during which seventy sittings of the Council were + held.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_923" name="note_923" + href="#noteref_923">923.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bertwald was admonished to hold a + synod and come to an agreement with Wilfrid. In the event of + failure, both parties were to appear in Rome. The letter is + cautious and conciliatory in tone.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_924" name="note_924" + href="#noteref_924">924.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref">352</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_925" name="note_925" + href="#noteref_925">925.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref">349</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_926" name="note_926" + href="#noteref_926">926.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Meaux, cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a> (Meldi).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_927" name="note_927" + href="#noteref_927">927.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 13</a>, and note; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span> + c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_928" name="note_928" + href="#noteref_928">928.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ethelred of Mercia had resigned his + throne and was now Abbot of Bardney; cf. <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">III, 11</a>, and IV, 12, p. + <a href="#Pg241" class="tei tei-ref">241</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_929" name="note_929" + href="#noteref_929">929.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cc. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">13</a> and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">19</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span>; cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class="tei tei-ref">24</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_930" name="note_930" + href="#noteref_930">930.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span> He received his envoys + courteously, but refused to alter his decision for any <span class= + "tei tei-q">“alleged writings from the Apostolic see.”</span> But + Eddius says he repented on his deathbed.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_931" name="note_931" + href="#noteref_931">931.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_932" name="note_932" + href="#noteref_932">932.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 705. It was a Northumbrian council, + not, like Estrefeld, representative of the whole Church. Bertwald + was present and adopted a conciliatory line.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_933" name="note_933" + href="#noteref_933">933.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was restored only to Hexham and to + his monastery at Ripon. Bishop John, on the death of Bosa about + this time, was transferred to York; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_III" class="tei tei-ref">3</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_934" name="note_934" + href="#noteref_934">934.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Oundle, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> p. + <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref">346</a>, note 4.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_935" name="note_935" + href="#noteref_935">935.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Or Cudwald. A Cuthbald succeeded + Sexwulf (<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 6</a>) + as Abbot at Medeshamstead. He is, perhaps, identical with the Abbot + of Oundle.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_936" name="note_936" + href="#noteref_936">936.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg346" class="tei tei-ref">346</a>, and <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_XXV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 25</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_937" name="note_937" + href="#noteref_937">937.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span> 710. But Hadrian left Rome + in 668 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>), and Bede says he died forty-one + years after that event. This would be in 709.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_938" name="note_938" + href="#noteref_938">938.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Preface" class= + "tei tei-ref">Preface</a> and <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_939" name="note_939" + href="#noteref_939">939.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_940" name="note_940" + href="#noteref_940">940.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Augustine's, Canterbury; cf. + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 1</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_941" name="note_941" + href="#noteref_941">941.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Preface" class= + "tei tei-ref">Preface</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_942" name="note_942" + href="#noteref_942">942.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 13</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_943" name="note_943" + href="#noteref_943">943.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A.S. version: Mafa. For the Roman + style of Church music, cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 20</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_944" name="note_944" + href="#noteref_944">944.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">IV, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">12</a>, <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 3</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_945" name="note_945" + href="#noteref_945">945.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 710. Naiton, or Nechtan mac Derili, + succeeded in 706. The northern Picts had received Christianity + through Columba (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 4</a>). Naiton is said to have been converted to + Roman usages by a missionary named Boniface, who was probably an + Irishman, St. Cuiritin. Naiton did not succeed in forcing all his + people to adopt them, but in 717 he expelled the Columban clergy + who refused to conform.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_946" name="note_946" + href="#noteref_946">946.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 18</a> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_947" name="note_947" + href="#noteref_947">947.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wearmouth (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span>) + and Jarrow, Bede's own monastery (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>, c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>). Though they were some distance apart, + Wearmouth and Jarrow formed together one monastery.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_948" name="note_948" + href="#noteref_948">948.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 18</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_949" name="note_949" + href="#noteref_949">949.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">II, 2, p. <a href="#Pg085" class= + "tei tei-ref">85</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_950" name="note_950" + href="#noteref_950">950.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wood being the usual material, cf. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 4</a>, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Candida Casa.”</span> The locality of the + church is not known. Rosemarkie, on the Moray Frith, and, more + probably, Restennet, near Forfar, have been suggested.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_951" name="note_951" + href="#noteref_951">951.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The letter has been supposed to have + been written by Bede himself.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_952" name="note_952" + href="#noteref_952">952.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Plato, Rep. 473, D.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_953" name="note_953" + href="#noteref_953">953.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Exod., xii, 1-3. (The quotations are + from the Vulgate.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_954" name="note_954" + href="#noteref_954">954.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Exod., xii, 6.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_955" name="note_955" + href="#noteref_955">955.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, xii, 15.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_956" name="note_956" + href="#noteref_956">956.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Exod., xii, 15.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_957" name="note_957" + href="#noteref_957">957.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, xii, 17.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_958" name="note_958" + href="#noteref_958">958.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Numbers, xxxiii, 13.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_959" name="note_959" + href="#noteref_959">959.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Exod., xii, 17-19.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_960" name="note_960" + href="#noteref_960">960.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 Cor., v, 7.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_961" name="note_961" + href="#noteref_961">961.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. John, i, 29.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_962" name="note_962" + href="#noteref_962">962.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Levit., xxiii, 5-7.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_963" name="note_963" + href="#noteref_963">963.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Bede's <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Expositio in Marci Evangelium”</span> (Opp. X, 2), + where he says that St. Mark founded the Church in Alexandria, and + taught the canonical observance of Easter; and Opp. VI, 235 (De + Temp. Rat.).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_964" name="note_964" + href="#noteref_964">964.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Levit., xxiii, 8.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_965" name="note_965" + href="#noteref_965">965.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This was an error of the Latins in the + fifth century. The object was to make it possible for Good Friday + to fall on the fourteenth of the month Nisan, which they believed + to be the actual day of the Crucifixion, and to keep Easter Day + entirely clear of the Jewish festival.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_966" name="note_966" + href="#noteref_966">966.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span> Alexandrians.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_967" name="note_967" + href="#noteref_967">967.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gen., i, 16.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_968" name="note_968" + href="#noteref_968">968.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Itala.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_969" name="note_969" + href="#noteref_969">969.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Mal., iv, 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_970" name="note_970" + href="#noteref_970">970.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Habak., iii, 11 (from the Itala).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_971" name="note_971" + href="#noteref_971">971.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Pelagians; <a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_X" class="tei tei-ref">I, 10</a>, and note; cf. + <a href="#Book_I_Chap_XVII" class="tei tei-ref">I, 17</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_972" name="note_972" + href="#noteref_972">972.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The reference must be to p. 364, + <span class="tei tei-q">“the apostolic tradition.”</span> For the + nineteen years' cycle, cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 3</a> (Anatolius).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_973" name="note_973" + href="#noteref_973">973.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The celebrated Bishop of Caesarea, + called also Eusebius Pamphili, a name which he adopted from + devotion to his friend, Pamphilus. How much he had to do with the + nineteen years' cycle seems altogether uncertain. He took a leading + part in the Council of Nicaea (325 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), but there is no + proof that the Council formally adopted the cycle, as has been + supposed. It had been in use long before, but it may have received + authoritative sanction at Nicaea. Eusebius wrote a treatise on + Easter, of which a fragment is extant.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_974" name="note_974" + href="#noteref_974">974.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A presbyter of Caesarea, the founder + of the famous library in that place. He was martyred in 309 + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> Eusebius wrote his + life, but the work is lost.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_975" name="note_975" + href="#noteref_975">975.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Archbishop of Alexandria, 385-412. He + made a cycle of 418 years (19 × 22) for Theodosius, and reckoned + the days on which Easter would fall for 100 years from the first + year of the consulate of Theodosius (380 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_976" name="note_976" + href="#noteref_976">976.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The great Archbishop of Alexandria, + 412-444. He shortened the cycle of Theophilus, making a cycle of + ninety-five years (19 × 5), for the sake of convenience. Part of + his <span class="tei tei-q">“Computus Paschalis”</span> + remains.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_977" name="note_977" + href="#noteref_977">977.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A monk of the Western Church in the + sixth century. The surname, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Exiguus,”</span> refers, not to his stature, but to + his humbleness of heart. Our method of dating from the Birth of + Christ was begun by him. He revived the cycle of Victorius (or + Victorinus) of Aquitaine (463 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>), hence called + Dionysian. It was a cycle of 532 years, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> + the lunar cycle of 19 × the solar cycle of 28.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_978" name="note_978" + href="#noteref_978">978.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. p. <a href="#Pg369" class= + "tei tei-ref">369</a>, note 5.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_979" name="note_979" + href="#noteref_979">979.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Job, i, 20.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_980" name="note_980" + href="#noteref_980">980.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gen., xli, 14.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_981" name="note_981" + href="#noteref_981">981.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt., xvi, 18.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_982" name="note_982" + href="#noteref_982">982.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts, viii, 20 (Vulgate). The origin + of this form of tonsure was attributed to Simon Magus.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_983" name="note_983" + href="#noteref_983">983.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gal., v, 24.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_984" name="note_984" + href="#noteref_984">984.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. James, i, 12.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_985" name="note_985" + href="#noteref_985">985.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XV" + class="tei tei-ref">15</a> and notes. It is uncertain whether this + incident is to be connected with Adamnan's first or second visit to + King Aldfrid.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_986" name="note_986" + href="#noteref_986">986.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, Ireland; cf. c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XV" class="tei tei-ref">15</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_987" name="note_987" + href="#noteref_987">987.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref">359</a>, note 1.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_988" name="note_988" + href="#noteref_988">988.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">18</a> and note; cc. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" + class="tei tei-ref">19</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XX" class= + "tei tei-ref">20</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIV" class= + "tei tei-ref">24</a>. He was killed in battle, but neither the + locality nor the war is known.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_989" name="note_989" + href="#noteref_989">989.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He reigned two years, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>. He belonged to a younger branch of the royal + house of Northumbria. His father's name was Cuthwine, and Ceolwulf, + who succeeded Osric (c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">23</a>), was his brother.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_990" name="note_990" + href="#noteref_990">990.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Or, perhaps, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“bishop;”</span> cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 4</a>, note. For the circumstances which led + Egbert to undertake his work among the Columban monasteries, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_IX" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>. As the events narrated + there were prior to 690 (Wilbrord's mission to Frisia), we may, + perhaps, assume that he had been labouring during this long + interval among the Columban monasteries in Ireland. In <a href= + "#Book_III_Chap_IV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 4</a>, Bede places + Egbert's arrival in Iona a year earlier.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_991" name="note_991" + href="#noteref_991">991.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rom., x, 2.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_992" name="note_992" + href="#noteref_992">992.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. p. <a href="#Pg372" class= + "tei tei-ref">372</a>. This seems to be the meaning of the somewhat + obscure sentence, <span class="tei tei-q">“... celebrationem, ut + diximus, praecipuae solemnitatis sub figura coronae perpetis agere + perdocuit.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_993" name="note_993" + href="#noteref_993">993.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For the conversion of the Britons to + Roman usages, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> cc. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XV" + class="tei tei-ref">15</a> and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>, notes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_994" name="note_994" + href="#noteref_994">994.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is accurate enough in round + numbers. Aidan's mission (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 3</a>) was probably in 635.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_995" name="note_995" + href="#noteref_995">995.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, 24th April. According to + the Celtic rule, Easter Day could never have been so late, 21st + April being the latest possible day, while the Romans might + celebrate as late as 25th April.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_996" name="note_996" + href="#noteref_996">996.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Osric had succeeded in 718. Simeon of + Durham says he was a son of King <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Alfrid.”</span> It has been suggested (Dr. Stubbs, in + Dict. of Christian Biog.) that this may mean Alchfrid, son of Oswy + (<a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">III, 14</a>, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">et + saep.</span></span>), further, that this Osric is to be identified + with the Hwiccian sub-king, mentioned in <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>, who may have + found a refuge in Mercia, when Alchfrid was disinherited. Against + this it has been maintained that the statement of Simeon of Durham + may, with greater probability, be referred to Aldfrid, the + successor of Egfrid and father of Osred.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_997" name="note_997" + href="#noteref_997">997.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>, and <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" + class="tei tei-ref">V, 8</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_998" name="note_998" + href="#noteref_998">998.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">From Bede we should infer that they + all succeeded in 725, and the evidence of charters goes to show + that Eadbert and Ethelbert began to reign jointly in that year. + Florence of Worcester makes Eadbert and Ethelbert reign + successively, and William of Malmesbury gives successive reigns of + considerable length to all three brothers. This prolongs Alric's + life beyond probability, and as his reign rests on no early + evidence, Dr. Stubbs is inclined to set it aside altogether.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_999" name="note_999" + href="#noteref_999">999.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VIII" + class="tei tei-ref">8</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1000" name="note_1000" + href="#noteref_1000">1000.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_II_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">II, 3</a> and note; <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 14</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1001" name="note_1001" + href="#noteref_1001">1001.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Consecrated in 727 (Saxon Chronicle) + and died in 739 (Simeon of Durham).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1002" name="note_1002" + href="#noteref_1002">1002.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This must refer to the battle of Tours + in 732, in which Charles Martel defeated the Saracens. As the + Ecclesiastical History was finished in 731, this passage must be + regarded as a later insertion. For Bede's view with regard to the + Saracens, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> his theological works + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">passim</span></span>. He believed them to be + the descendants of Ishmael.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1003" name="note_1003" + href="#noteref_1003">1003.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">In 729; <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXII" class="tei tei-ref">22</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1004" name="note_1004" + href="#noteref_1004">1004.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + this chapter, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1005" name="note_1005" + href="#noteref_1005">1005.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Preface" class= + "tei tei-ref">Preface</a>, note 1, and the <a href="#Continuation" + class="tei tei-ref">Continuation</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1006" name="note_1006" + href="#noteref_1006">1006.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XXII" + class="tei tei-ref">22</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad init</span></span> and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1007" name="note_1007" + href="#noteref_1007">1007.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, since 29th June, 693; + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> c. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_VIII" class="tei tei-ref">8</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + fin.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1008" name="note_1008" + href="#noteref_1008">1008.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He received the pall in 733 and died + in 734; cf. <a href="#Continuation" class= + "tei tei-ref">Continuation</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1009" name="note_1009" + href="#noteref_1009">1009.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bredon in Worcestershire.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1010" name="note_1010" + href="#noteref_1010">1010.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Preface" class= + "tei tei-ref">Preface</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 16</a>; <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1011" name="note_1011" + href="#noteref_1011">1011.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, of the East Saxons. He + died in 745; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Continuation" + class="tei tei-ref">Continuation</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1012" name="note_1012" + href="#noteref_1012">1012.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Called also Worr. In the Act of the + Council of Clovesho in 716 he signs as Bishop of Lichfield (to + which at this time Leicester was united) along with his + predecessor, Hedda, but the authenticity of the Act is not fully + established, and it is generally supposed that he succeeded in 721. + At his death in 737 (Simeon of Durham) Leicester was finally + separated from Lichfield.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1013" name="note_1013" + href="#noteref_1013">1013.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref">378</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1014" name="note_1014" + href="#noteref_1014">1014.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The following + list of the English bishoprics at the time when Bede closed his + history [731 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>], will enable the + reader to recognize those which belonged to each separate + kingdom:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">KINGDOMS; + SEES; PRELATES.<br /> + Kent; Canterbury; Tatwine.<br /> + Rochester; Aldwulf.<br /> + East Saxons; London; Ingwald.<br /> + East Angles; Dunwich; Aldbert.<br /> + Elmham; Hadulac.<br /> + West Saxons; Winchester; Daniel.<br /> + Sherborne; Forthere.<br /> + Mercia; Lichfield (to which Leicester had been reunited in 705); + Aldwin.<br /> + Hereford; Walhstod.<br /> + Worcester; Wilfrid.<br /> + Lindsey (Sidnacester); Cynibert.<br /> + South Saxons; Selsey; Vacant.<br /> + Northumbria; York; Wilfrid II.<br /> + Lindisfarne; Ethelwald.<br /> + Hexham; Acca.<br /> + Whitern; Pechthelm.</p> + </dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1015" name="note_1015" + href="#noteref_1015">1015.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Aldbert was Bishop of Dunwich, Hadulac + of Elmham.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1016" name="note_1016" + href="#noteref_1016">1016.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">18</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1017" name="note_1017" + href="#noteref_1017">1017.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, + p. <a href="#Pg379" class="tei tei-ref">379</a>, note 6.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1018" name="note_1018" + href="#noteref_1018">1018.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, in Herefordshire. It is + not certain when the see of Hereford was founded. Besides Putta + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_II" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 2</a>, and note), Florence of Worcester + mentions Tyrhtel and Torthere as predecessors of Walhstod.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1019" name="note_1019" + href="#noteref_1019">1019.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is Wilfrid, Bishop of Worcester, + contemporary with Wilfrid II of York (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>; + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">V, 6</a>). He + succeeded St. Egwin, whom Bede strangely omits to mention, the + successor of Oftfor (<a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>). For the Hwiccas, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, + 2, p. <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref">84</a>, and for the see + of Worcester, IV, 23, p. <a href="#Pg273" class= + "tei tei-ref">273</a>, note 7.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1020" name="note_1020" + href="#noteref_1020">1020.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Preface, p. <a href="#Pg004" + class="tei tei-ref">4</a>, and <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XII" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 12</a>. For Lindsey as a separate bishopric, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1021" name="note_1021" + href="#noteref_1021">1021.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVI" class= + "tei tei-ref">IV, 16</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1022" name="note_1022" + href="#noteref_1022">1022.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">18</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>, and notes.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1023" name="note_1023" + href="#noteref_1023">1023.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was a son of Penda's brother, + Alweo. He had lived at one time in retirement near the hermitage of + St. Guthlac, flying from the enmity of Ceolred, but on the death of + the latter in 716, he succeeded to the throne. Though he is not + included in Bede's list of Bretwaldas (<a href="#Book_II_Chap_V" + class="tei tei-ref">II, 5</a>), he established the supremacy of + Mercia for twenty years over all England south of the Humber, till + in 754 Wessex freed itself in the battle of Burford. For his wars + with Wessex and Northumbria, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Continuation" + class="tei tei-ref">Continuation</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sub</span></span> 740 + and 750. There is a charter of his dated 749 in which he grants + certain ecclesiastical privileges, <span class="tei tei-q">“pro + expiatione delictorum suorum.”</span> His oppression of the Church + and his private life are rebuked in the letter of Boniface and five + German bishops addressed to him (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Haddan and Stubbs, III, 350).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1024" name="note_1024" + href="#noteref_1024">1024.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wilfrid II, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>, and + note; cf. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 6</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1025" name="note_1025" + href="#noteref_1025">1025.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. c. 12, p. <a href="#Pg331" class= + "tei tei-ref">331</a>, and note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1026" name="note_1026" + href="#noteref_1026">1026.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_XIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 13</a>, and note; cf. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XIV" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 14</a>; <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XX" class="tei tei-ref">V, 20</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1027" name="note_1027" + href="#noteref_1027">1027.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. cc. <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIII" + class="tei tei-ref">13</a>, <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class= + "tei tei-ref">18</a>. For the <span class="tei tei-q">“White + House”</span> (Whitern), <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_III_Chap_IV" + class="tei tei-ref">III, 4</a>, and note. About this time (the + exact date is not known) it became an Anglian see, a fact which + indicates that in spite of the defeat of Egfrid in 685, which freed + the Northern Picts, the Picts of Galloway were still subject to + Northumbria. The bishopric came to an end about the close of the + century, when the Northumbrian power had fallen into decay.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1028" name="note_1028" + href="#noteref_1028">1028.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Scots of Dalriada (<a href= + "#Book_I_Chap_I" class="tei tei-ref">I, 1</a>). They had recovered + their liberty after the defeat and death of Egfrid; cf. <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1029" name="note_1029" + href="#noteref_1029">1029.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span>, + and p. <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref">376</a>, note 1.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1030" name="note_1030" + href="#noteref_1030">1030.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">External peace apparently. For the + internal state of Northumbria, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.s.</span></span> p. + <a href="#Pg378" class="tei tei-ref">378</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1031" name="note_1031" + href="#noteref_1031">1031.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For the accuracy of these dates, cf. + the notes on the events as they occur in the narrative.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1032" name="note_1032" + href="#noteref_1032">1032.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The length of his pontificate is not + mentioned in the narrative.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1033" name="note_1033" + href="#noteref_1033">1033.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This and the two following entries are + not in the narrative.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1034" name="note_1034" + href="#noteref_1034">1034.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ida was the first king of Bernicia, + and one of the leaders of the English invasion. He conquered the + country about Bamborough, which he is said to have founded (cf. + <a href="#Book_III_Chap_VI" class="tei tei-ref">III, 6</a>), and + settled his people here. Deira, which was for a time a separate + kingdom, was finally united to Bernicia under the strong rule of + Oswald, Ida's great grandson (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ib. ad fin.</span></span>), who through his + mother, Acha, was descended also from the royal house of + Deira.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1035" name="note_1035" + href="#noteref_1035">1035.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">By Scotland, as usual, Ireland is + meant.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1036" name="note_1036" + href="#noteref_1036">1036.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Wulfhere's death is not mentioned in + the narrative.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1037" name="note_1037" + href="#noteref_1037">1037.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is not in the narrative. For + Osthryth cf. <a href="#Book_III_Chap_XI" class="tei tei-ref">III, + 11</a>; <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, + 21</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1038" name="note_1038" + href="#noteref_1038">1038.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not in the narrative. Berctred is + probably to be identified with Berct in <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26</a> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad + init</span></span>. (Ulster Annals: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Brectrid”</span>; Sax. Chron.: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Briht.”</span>)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1039" name="note_1039" + href="#noteref_1039">1039.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Above it is said that he succeeded in + 675, making his reign twenty-nine years, and this agrees with the + Saxon Chronicle. Wilfrid, on his return to England in 705, found + him already an abbot. (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XIX" class= + "tei tei-ref">V, 19</a>.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1040" name="note_1040" + href="#noteref_1040">1040.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not in the narrative. Bertfrid was + Osred's chief ealdorman, and was besieged with him in Bamborough by + the usurper Eadwulf; cf. p. <a href="#Pg342" class= + "tei tei-ref">342</a>, note 2. We find him acting as spokesman in + the Council on the Nidd (V, 19, p. <a href="#Pg356" class= + "tei tei-ref">356</a>) in demanding to have the Papal letters + translated into English.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1041" name="note_1041" + href="#noteref_1041">1041.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Bede's life, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Introduction.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1042" name="note_1042" + href="#noteref_1042">1042.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">IV, 18, p. <a href="#Pg257" class= + "tei tei-ref">257</a>, note 3.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1043" name="note_1043" + href="#noteref_1043">1043.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1044" name="note_1044" + href="#noteref_1044">1044.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>, note 4, cf. <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XXI" class="tei tei-ref">V, 21</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1045" name="note_1045" + href="#noteref_1045">1045.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">John of Beverley, <a href= + "#Book_IV_Chap_XXIII" class="tei tei-ref">IV, 23</a>; <a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_II" class="tei tei-ref">V, 2-6</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1046" name="note_1046" + href="#noteref_1046">1046.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For a full + account of Bede's works, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Plummer, vol. I, + Introduction, or Dictionary of Christian Biography, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">s.v.</span></span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Beda.”</span> Besides the works + mentioned in this list, the following are certainly genuine:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The short + <span class="tei tei-q">“Epistola ad Albinum”</span> (sent with a + copy of the Ecclesiastical History).</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Retractationes in Acta.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Epistola ad Egberctum.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“De locis Sanctis”</span> (to which Bede alludes in + <a href="#Book_V_Chap_XVII" class="tei tei-ref">V. 17</a>). A + number of other works, some certainly, others probably spurious, + and a few possibly genuine, have been attributed to him.</p> + </dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1047" name="note_1047" + href="#noteref_1047">1047.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">An answer to questions put to him by + Nothelm (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Preface, p. <a href="#Pg002" + class="tei tei-ref">2</a>, note 4, and <a href="#Continuation" + class="tei tei-ref">Continuation</a>, <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sub</span></span> + 735).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1048" name="note_1048" + href="#noteref_1048">1048.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Parabolae”</span> = comparisons. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Parabolae Salomonis”</span> are the first words of the + Book of Proverbs in the Vulgate.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1049" name="note_1049" + href="#noteref_1049">1049.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, St. Paul.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1050" name="note_1050" + href="#noteref_1050">1050.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Isa., xxiv, 22.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1051" name="note_1051" + href="#noteref_1051">1051.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><a href="#Book_III_Chap_III" class= + "tei tei-ref">III, 3</a>, note; cf. III, 25, p. <a href="#Pg198" + class="tei tei-ref">198</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1052" name="note_1052" + href="#noteref_1052">1052.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">A priest of Nola in Campania. He was + of Syrian extraction, but born at Nola, and ordained priest + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 250 <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> He was persecuted + under Decius, and again under Valerian, but escaped. His history is + told in the poems of Paulinus, Bishop of Nola (409-431).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1053" name="note_1053" + href="#noteref_1053">1053.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This work is not known to exist. + Probably the saint is Anastasius the Younger, Patriarch of Antioch, + killed in 610 by the Jews in a sedition on 21st December, and in + the Roman martyrology honoured on that day as a martyr + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Butler, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Lives of the Saints”</span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1054" name="note_1054" + href="#noteref_1054">1054.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XXVI" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 26-32</a>.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1055" name="note_1055" + href="#noteref_1055">1055.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">For Benedict and Ceolfrid, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> <a href="#Book_IV_Chap_XVIII" + class="tei tei-ref">IV, 18</a>. Huaetbert belonged to the monastery + of Wearmouth and Jarrow from his earliest childhood, and succeeded + Ceolfrid as abbot in 716. He survived Bede. The latter dedicated + his commentary on the Apocalypse and the De temp. Rat. to him under + his name of Eusebius given him for his piety (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v.</span></span> + Bede's Hist. Abb. and Anon., Hist. Abb.).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1056" name="note_1056" + href="#noteref_1056">1056.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">(Only names which have not occurred in + the narrative are annotated; references for those already mentioned + will be found in the Index.) The Continuation is by a later hand. + But Mr. Plummer considers that the entries under the years 731, + 732, 733 and 734, may have been added by Bede himself. They appear + in the great Moore MS., and those for 733 and 734 also in another + eighth century MS. The entries enclosed in square brackets are + found in a fifteenth century MS.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1057" name="note_1057" + href="#noteref_1057">1057.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He succeeded Wilfrid II, and two years + later became Archbishop of York (<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span> under 735). It was to him that Bede addressed + the <span class="tei tei-q">“Epist. ad Egberctum.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1058" name="note_1058" + href="#noteref_1058">1058.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Lindsey.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1059" name="note_1059" + href="#noteref_1059">1059.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Selsey.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1060" name="note_1060" + href="#noteref_1060">1060.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I.e.</span></span>, of York.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1061" name="note_1061" + href="#noteref_1061">1061.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Hexham.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1062" name="note_1062" + href="#noteref_1062">1062.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Whitern.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1063" name="note_1063" + href="#noteref_1063">1063.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The early authorities differ as to the + year, but this is the traditional date, and is usually + accepted.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1064" name="note_1064" + href="#noteref_1064">1064.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">King of Northumbria 737-758 + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">v. + infra</span></span>); died in 768. He was a son of Eata, called by + Nennius, Eata <span class="tei tei-q">“Glinmaur,”</span> a + descendant of Ida, and was the brother of Archbishop Egbert. Under + him the Northumbrian power revived for a period.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1065" name="note_1065" + href="#noteref_1065">1065.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was the kinsman and predecessor of + Cuthred (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v. infra</span></span>).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1066" name="note_1066" + href="#noteref_1066">1066.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Archbishop of Canterbury in succession + to Nothelm. The first archbishop not buried in St. Augustine's, + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> II, 3, p. <a href="#Pg090" + class="tei tei-ref">90</a>, note.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1067" name="note_1067" + href="#noteref_1067">1067.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop of Lindisfarne in succession to + Ethelwald (<a href="#Book_V_Chap_XII" class="tei tei-ref">V, + 12</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>, note).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1068" name="note_1068" + href="#noteref_1068">1068.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Probably a son of that Eadwulf who + usurped the throne of Northumbria at Aldfrid's death (<a href= + "#Book_V_Chap_XVIII" class="tei tei-ref">V, 18</a>); cf. Simeon of + Durham, II, 38 (Rolls Series), <span class="tei tei-q">“Arwine + filius Eadulfi.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1069" name="note_1069" + href="#noteref_1069">1069.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not known.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1070" name="note_1070" + href="#noteref_1070">1070.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Charles Martel.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1071" name="note_1071" + href="#noteref_1071">1071.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pippin the Short. Carloman resigned in + 747, and became a monk.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1072" name="note_1072" + href="#noteref_1072">1072.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">There is a letter of Boniface + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> Haddan and Stubbs III, 358) + to a priest, Herefrid, who is supposed to be the man mentioned + here.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1073" name="note_1073" + href="#noteref_1073">1073.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This seems confused and obscure. The + West Saxons under Cuthred threw off the Mercian yoke in the + insurrection which culminated in the battle of Burford + (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">v.</span></span> V. 23, p. <a href="#Pg380" + class="tei tei-ref">380</a>, note 9). Oengus or Angus (the + Brythonic form is Ungust), son of Fergus, was a Pictish king who + crushed the Dalriadic Scots, and, in alliance with Eadbert of + Northumbria, conquered the Britons of Strathclyde. But this does + not explain the strange statement which brings him into connection + with Ethelbald of Mercia. Nor is it told who Eanred was. Theudor + was a king of the Britons of Strathclyde. Kyle is a district in + Ayrshire.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1074" name="note_1074" + href="#noteref_1074">1074.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Adopting the emendation <span class= + "tei tei-q">“quinto Idus”</span> (Hussey). The date is thus right + for the eclipses, but the year is the sixteenth of Eadbert. + Probably the numeral (XVI) has fallen out, and the passage ought to + run: <span class="tei tei-q">“anno regni Eadbercti XVI, quinto Id. + Ian.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1075" name="note_1075" + href="#noteref_1075">1075.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The great missionary bishop of + Germany, a West Saxon by birth. He crossed to the Continent + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">circ.</span></span> 716, and, supported by + Charles Martel and his sons, evangelized Central Europe, became + Archbishop of Mainz, and founded sees throughout Germany. Finally + he was martyred in Frisland. Lul, a West Saxon, was his successor, + not Redger, but it has been suggested that this may be another name + for him. The pope is Stephen III.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1076" name="note_1076" + href="#noteref_1076">1076.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He is said by William of Malmesbury to + have been the murderer of Ethelbald. After a year of anarchy Offa + succeeded, and retrieved the position of Mercia.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1077" name="note_1077" + href="#noteref_1077">1077.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">He was killed in an insurrection in + 784. (Sax. Chron.)</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1078" name="note_1078" + href="#noteref_1078">1078.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">St. Matt. xi, 12. After Eadbert, + Northumbria fell into a state of anarchy, obscure kings contending + for the throne.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1079" name="note_1079" + href="#noteref_1079">1079.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra, + sub</span></span> 750.</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1080" name="note_1080" + href="#noteref_1080">1080.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">An aetheling killed by Moll, king of + Northumbria, at a place called Edwin's Cliff (Sax. Chron.).</dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1081" name="note_1081" + href="#noteref_1081">1081.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Of Northumbria.</dd> + </dl> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div id="pgfooter" class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <pre class="pre tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEDE'S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND*** +</pre> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> + <a name="rightpageheader307" id="rightpageheader307"></a><a name= + "pgtoc308" id="pgtoc308"></a><a name="pdf309" id="pdf309"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Credits</span></h1> + + <table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th class="tei tei-label tei-label-gloss">December 17, + 2011 </th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="tei tei-item tei-item-gloss"> + <table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" + style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> + <tbody> + <tr class="tei tei-labelitem"> + <th class="tei tei-label"></th> + + <td class="tei tei-item">Project Gutenberg TEI + edition 1</td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-labelitem"> + <th class="tei tei-label"></th> + + <td class="tei tei-item"><span class= + "tei tei-respStmt"><span class= + "tei tei-name">Produced by Carla Foust, David King, + and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at + <http://www.pgdp.net/>. 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