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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Gleanings, by T. J. Macon
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Life Gleanings
+
+Author: T. J. Macon
+
+Release Date: November 29, 2011 [EBook #38167]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE GLEANINGS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Bill Tozier, Barbara Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+Note: This version preserves the irregular chapter numbering scheme of
+the original printing; ignoring the first and last chapters, the rest
+are numbered I-II, IV, XI, XV-XXIII, XXVI-XXVII, XXIX-XXXV. Also, many
+variant and alternative spellings have been preserved, except where
+obviously misspelled in the original.
+
+
+
+
+LIFE GLEANINGS
+
+
+
+Compiled by
+
+T. J. MACON
+
+
+
+RICHMOND, VA.
+
+
+
+1913
+
+W. H. ADAMS, Publisher
+
+Richmond, Virginia
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+My Life's Gleanings is not intended to be a technical history
+chronologically arranged, but a reproduction of events that my memory
+recalls. By retrospecting to occurrences that happened during my
+journey of life. To those who were contemporaneous with the gleanings
+alluded to they will recognize them. To the younger reader he will
+glean what happened in the past. The incident and anecdote is founded
+on facts. I launch the book on the highway of public approval, hoping
+the reader will not be disappointed.                      THE AUTHOR.
+
+
+
+
+MY LIFE'S GLEANINGS
+
+COMPILED BY T. J. MACON
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+
+The author of these pages first saw the light of day at the family
+home of his father, Mr. Miles Gary Macon, called "Fairfield," situated
+on the banks of that historic river, the "Chicahominy," in the good
+old County of Hanover, in Virginia. My grandfather, Colonel William
+Hartwell Macon, started each of his sons on the voyage of life with a
+farm, and the above was allotted to my respected parent. Belonging to
+the place, about one or two miles from the dwelling, was a grist mill
+known as "Mekenses," and how the name of "Macon" could have been
+corrupted to "Mekenses," is truly unaccountable, yet such is the case.
+The City of Richmond was distant about eight miles to the South. This
+old homestead passed out of the Macon family possession about seventy
+years ago, and a Mr. Overton succeeded my father in the ownership of
+"Fairfield" and the mill. Later a Doctor Gaines purchased it. My
+highly respected parents were the fortunate possessors of a large and
+flourishing family of ten children, all of whom were born at
+"Fairfield."
+
+The Macon manor house was situated just on the edge of the famous
+trucking section of Hanover County, which agricultural characteristic
+gave its soil an extensive reputation for the production of the
+celebrated and highly-prized melons and sweet potatoes of Hanover,
+known to Eastern Virginia for their toothsomeness and great size. This
+fine old plantation was surrounded by country estates belonging to
+Virginia families, who were very sociable, cultured and agreeable
+people. My father and mother were thoroughly imbued with the spirit of
+that old-time genial country hospitality, which was never found
+anywhere in this country more cordial, nor probably even equal, to it.
+It afforded them infinite pleasure to visit and to receive the calls
+of their neighbors. It was then the invariable custom, when guests
+were entertained, for the host to set out refreshments, always the
+best the larder afforded, and to insist upon a liberal partaking of
+it, for a refusal of the good cheer was indeed a rare thing, and it
+was not considered polite to decline joining in wishing good health
+and prosperity to your friends and neighbors, always of course in
+moderate bumpers, not in excess, and then the viands bountifully
+spread out were truly tempting, real old Virginia style of cooking,
+such as beaten biscuits that would almost melt in one's mouth, and
+other dishes almost too numerous to mention, and then such a hearty
+welcome accompanied the feast and "flow of soul," and when the parting
+came there was always an appealing invitation for a "speedy coming
+again"--a wish for another visit.
+
+Now there was no sham-pretence in these old Virginia manners, but
+genuine heartfelt hospitality, which sprang from kind hearts. A
+striking habit or custom at that happy period in the "Old Dominion"
+life in the country was the intrusting of the white children of the
+family to the care of a good old colored nurse, or "Mammy," as they
+were affectionately called by them; their mothers turned the children
+over to their watchful supervision and they were truly faithful and
+proud of their control of the little young masters and mistresses,
+thus relieving their "old mistress" of all care in rearing them. Well
+do I remember my "old Mammy," whose kindness and affectionate
+treatment, not only won my heart, but my prompt obedience to her
+commands and my cheerful recognition of the authority delegated her by
+my fond mother. I was the youngest of the family, and as time was
+welding each link in the chain of my life, it was passing like, as in
+all families at that period, situated as my parents were, smoothly and
+unruffled by excitement or troubles abroad. My mother owned a number
+of slaves, or servants, as Virginians generally termed them, whom she
+treated with kindness, and when sick she nursed them with the skill
+and tender consideration accorded members of her own family, and in
+return they looked up to, and respected, her; indeed revered "Old
+Missus," as they often called her.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+At the time I am writing about, the life of the Virginia farmer was
+one to be much desired, for he was a baron in his realm, was lord of
+all he surveyed, and yielded no obeisance to any one, but to his Maker
+and his country. The dark shadows of coming dire events had not then
+cast their war-like omens ahead. The question of the Missouri
+Compromise, the admission of Kansas into the sisterhood of the States
+under the Lecompton Convention, the decision in the Dred Scott case,
+the political issues and measures which were the precursors of the
+great war between the States had not yet reached Congress. Everything
+that could render life pleasant was vouchsafed the country gentleman
+and planter, and his family about three-quarters of a century ago.
+
+What was to happen in the near future no one at this early period
+could Cassandra-like predict, and yet there was in the political
+horizon a small pillar of portentous appearance, which was destined to
+cover the whole heavens with gloom and bring death to thousands of
+peaceful citizens in this country, through the clash of arms and
+fratricidal strife in which brothers were arrayed against brothers,
+and fathers against sons.
+
+My father was an old line Whig and believed in the theory of
+government advocated by Alexander Hamilton, yet he recognized the
+autonomy of the States and approved some of the tenets of Mr. Thomas
+Jefferson, but did not agree with him generally, being in favor of a
+strong central government at Washington, though disagreeing with the
+extremists of both sections.
+
+Being a close student of the political history of our country he
+subscribed to, and carefully read every page of, the National
+Intelligencer, owned and published by the Seaton brothers, which was
+the best exponent of the legislation of the time that has ever been
+issued; the editorials were clear and forcible and the reports of the
+debates in Congress were correct and complete. The political disputes
+on the floor of Congress began to be warm, and indeed acrimonious
+between the Northern and Southern members, which brought out the great
+efforts for peace of Henry Clay, of Kentucky, and prevented at that
+time a clash of arms between the sections. The admission of Kansas
+into the Union under the Lecompton Convention was but a link in the
+chain of events leading to the great Civil War. Well do I recall my
+respected parent's remark that the trend of the speeches by the
+Free-Soil, or Abolition, party in the North and those of the
+Secessionists of the South, would certainly bring about a disruption
+of the United States if persisted in; and alas! his children lived to
+see his remark verified in the year 1861.
+
+Our family moved from old Fairfield to Magnolia farm, only about two
+miles north of Richmond, which place was then owned by the Nortons,
+and it was a quiet, pleasant home "far away from the madding crowd" in
+a sociable and agreeable neighborhood; it is at the present time owned
+by the "Hartshorne" Colored Female Institute and now is included
+within the corporate limits of the city of Richmond, Va. How rapidly
+the wheel of time brings changes in our surroundings. My father's
+children are advancing in years, the older ones are sent off to
+boarding schools, my oldest brother had just returned from
+Philadelphia, where he had attended the Jefferson Medical College as
+an office student of Dr. Thomas C. Mutter, the president of the
+college, who was first cousin of my mother--her maiden name was
+Frances Mutter.
+
+From Magnolia we moved to "Rose Cottage," owned by a Mr. Richardson,
+the object in this move being to be near "Washington and Henry"
+Academy, a boarding and day school carried on by a Mr. and Mrs.
+Dunton; she was in charge of the small boys and the girls, while her
+husband taught the large boys. I was in Mrs. Dunton's department,
+being but a small chap, and as to whether I learned anything at this
+time it is a matter of considerable doubt. My mother furnished six
+pupils to this institution. The principals would come over to "Rose
+Cottage" two or three times per month, bringing their boarders with
+them, which visits they appeared to enjoy greatly as a good supper,
+with a large and shady yard to play in, was certainly well calculated
+to afford mirth and pleasure to both old and young. A Mr. Osborne, a
+Presbyterian minister, boarded at the academy, being a unique
+character and one of the best men to be found anywhere; he formed the
+plan of teaching the scholars, young and old, the catechism of the
+Presbyterian Church, and all those who committed it to memory received
+a nice book as a prize. The climax of the scheme was an offer of a
+grand prize to any scholar that would repeat the whole of it without a
+hitch or halt. The children were thoroughly inoculated with
+Presbyterianism. The final trial of reciting, or memorizing, the
+catechism came off at the residence of Mr. Thomas Gardner. The contest
+was one long to be remembered, a Miss Fannie Shelton scoring the first
+honor, and Miss Newell Gardner the second. The supper provided for
+this happy occasion was a first class one in every respect. The best
+that a well-stocked farm house could produce, both in substantials and
+nicknacks, such for instance, as broiled chicken, roast lamb and
+barbecued pig, with dessert of ice cream, yellow cake and pies in
+abundance; it was in short one of the finest "lay-outs" that I ever
+saw, and being an appreciative youngster I did ample justice to it
+indeed, and fairly revelled in the many good eatables so generously
+spread before us, and to this day I remember it with pleasure. "Rose
+Cottage" was truly a delightful home. The never-failing wheel of time
+was turning fast, and the water of life that once passed over it will
+never again turn it. We were all growing fast as we advanced in years.
+At this time my father bought a place on Nine Mile Road, about two and
+a half miles from the city, it was named "Auburn," and to it we moved
+bag and baggage.
+
+Just as with "Fairfield" and "Magnolia," we found hospitable
+neighbors, and genial intercourse was conspicuous. Among them were
+Colonel Sherwin McRae and family, a Mrs. Gibson, Mr. Tinsley Johnson,
+Mr. Galt Johnson, and many other well known families, nearly all of
+whom have now moved away or have passed to the other side of the
+river. Mr. William Galt Johnson lived about a quarter of a mile from
+us, and there was a considerable intercourse between the two families.
+"Galt," as he was called, was a character of renown and possessed of
+much personality; one of his traits was never to give a word its
+correct pronunciation and yet he thought he was right always. I was
+visiting there one evening, and as supper was placed on the table the
+bell rang; Galt arose from his seat and in a clear voice said "the
+bell has pronounced supper ready, let's go." His wife, who was a
+cultivated lady, attempted to correct him by saying "announce,
+William," but she could never get him to change his mode of speech.
+Another of his peculiarities was his lack of fondness of church-going.
+Mrs. Johnson, his wife, was a regular attendant to the church and
+naturally desired her husband to accompany her, a most reasonable
+wish, but Galt made several excuses for not complying, and finally he
+urged as a last resort that he could not sit in a pew unless he could
+whittle a stick, and could not collect his thoughts sufficiently to
+listen to the sermon; so she told him that should not be a good
+excuse, and that he could take a stick along and trim it as much as he
+chose, and he consented to go with her, but did not receive much
+benefit from the sermon.
+
+My mother determined to send me to live with my eldest brother, Doctor
+William H. Macon, who had recently married Miss Nora C. Braxton, the
+daughter of Mr. Carter Braxton, of "Ingleside," Hanover County, the
+owner of the celebrated plantation "New Castle," situated on the
+Pamunkey River. The name of by brother's home was "Woodland," about
+three miles below the well-known tavern at Old Church. The reason of
+my being sent to live with him was to be convenient to enter the
+school kept by a Count Larry, one of the best teachers of his day and
+time. The school house was distant about three miles from my brother's
+place, and not too far away for a little boy to walk at that time. I
+was duly enrolled as a day scholar in Count Larry's establishment,
+which consisted of an unpretentious structure, about thirty feet
+square, with two doors, one for entry and the other for exit, and was
+lighted by two windows with which to admit the sunshine and fresh air
+in the summer time, and to shut out the "cold, chilly winds of
+December." The school was composed of both boys and girls, and the
+Count sat in a large wooden chair, with a table at his side similar to
+those now seen in a modern dairy lunch room in the cities. On the
+table was placed all his text books and such other teacher's
+implements, or fixings, and then to descend as it were from the
+"sublime to the ridiculous," he installed, within easy reach, a large
+earthen "spittoon," or more modernly speaking, "cuspidor." The master,
+enthroned as like a ruler, or king, surveyed his pupils with great
+dignity and gravity. And although very kind and lenient in his
+dealings with his young charges, yet when occasion required it he
+could wield the birch with great effect, but always with prudence and
+moderation. He always kept a sharp pen-knife ready for use in making
+or mending quill pens, for steel pens were not then in use for the
+children; the goose quills were the only kind of pens we knew about,
+and it was no small job to keep a lot of chaps well supplied with
+writing materials, for he was constantly called upon.
+
+We were given an hour at playtime, and about a mile and half away was
+a mill pond, which is probably there now unless dried up, and to this,
+in the warm weather, the boys, both large and small, repaired in great
+glee, but the girls did not accompany us.
+
+Well school boys are proverbially as prone to mischief as are the
+sparks to fly upwards, and when the Count would be absorbed in study
+the boys would throw torpedoes upon the floor which would quickly
+arouse him from his studies, but was soon made to believe that it was
+but an accidental match dropped and trodden upon, though in truth it
+was pure deviltry on the part of some of the larger boys. An incident
+fraught with much concern to me in connection with a boy by the name
+of Benjamin Tucker, who was about my age, but much stouter and had by
+some means gotten me under a sort of "hack," and it becoming very
+annoying I finally concluded that the thing had gone far enough, so
+one day I lost patience with Benjamin and I just "pitched into" him
+and gave him a gentle thrashing; he had on a brand-new nine-pence
+straw hat which I got hold of and tore to smithereens. Well, after
+this "scrap" I had no further trouble with Master Benjamin Tucker.
+
+Another rather humorous matter which happened about this time at
+school was about a boy who was called "Phil." He was the pet and idol
+of his mother, who took a pair of his father's old pants and made him
+a pair from them, but the trouble was that the cloth was not
+sufficient for the garment, and resulted in their being too small and
+too tight in the body when his burly form was encased therein, and
+became as solid as a drumhead, and we had a popular game called hard
+ball and the mischievous fellows selected him as a special target, and
+when the ball struck him plumb it rebounded as if it was rubber, but
+at last he got tired of being made a butt of ridicule and a target in
+the game, so he complained to his mother and she reported the matter
+to our teacher, requesting that gentleman that the boys should be made
+to stop the treatment to her son; the Count, after giving it careful
+consideration, told his mother that the only remedy that he could
+suggest was to get her boy a new and a more roomy pair of trousers,
+and cast the old ones which had caused his annoyance aside. Our old
+teacher was a good and faithful one, and if his pupils did not profit
+by his knowledge and training, it surely was not his fault. He
+possessed of course some objectionable habits, such as when school
+closed he would get on a "spree" and remain on it until school was
+assembled for work, when all traces of his riotous living had
+disappeared.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+My brother, Miles Macon, afterwards commander of the Fayette
+Artillery, Confederate States Army, joined me at "Woodland" and became
+a scholar in our school; he was my senior by two years. Our country
+life there was very pleasant, for on Saturdays we would hunt birds all
+day, as my brother owned a fine pointer dog named "Roscoe," and we
+were hunting on "Spring Garden," owned by Judge Meredith, it being
+about seven miles from our place, when the old dog broke down from the
+infirmities of age and Miles and I carried him home on our shoulders,
+it being his last appearance in the fields that he had so successfully
+hunted, for he died soon afterwards.
+
+About this period politics were coming strongly to the front, and I
+remember when Mr. Chastaine White was nominated by the Democrats for
+the General Assembly, and William C. Wickham was put up by the Whig
+party for the same office. My brother, Dr. Macon, was a Whig, and a
+friend and supporter of Wickham. The Democrat was of course elected,
+as at that time a Whig stood no show, however superior his
+qualification for the position might be. Another feature of the times
+was the muster of the county militia, when the colonel commandant,
+arrayed in a uniform as gorgeous as that of a field marshal of France,
+put his men through a few drill evolutions and then disbanded them,
+after which all hands went willingly up and took a drink, and it was a
+field day, for Mr. Ellett who then kept "Old Church" Tavern and
+profited greatly by the crowd's liberal spending of money.
+
+There were two churches near "Woodland," the Presbyterian was called
+"Bethlehem," a name connected with many good associations; the other
+was an Episcopal one, and named "Emmanuel," which name suggests many
+Christian ideas. As a boy I attended both these churches, and noticed
+one thing particularly that was that the male attendants, both
+communicants and non-communicants, gathered on the outside and
+discussed farming and neighboring topics and conditions generally. I
+also observed that those living a long distance from the church always
+dined with some friend near the church, this being, I thought, simply
+a species of "whacking" which was quite admissible under the
+circumstances.
+
+The planters, who owned and cultivated large estates on the river,
+built summer residences on the higher lands of the same, in order to
+escape the malaria and chills, produced by the miasma arising from the
+marshes exposed to the sun and night air at low tide during the heated
+term, which the first killing frost in the fall would dispel and
+render the river residents healthy and comfortable when they would all
+return to their estates. I have never in my travels seen a more
+productive country in the State than the famous low grounds bordering
+the Pamunkey river, beginning about Hanover Town and continuing down
+that stream to the celebrated "White House" plantation in New Kent
+County, which estate originally belonged to General Custis, who was
+the first husband of Martha Washington (nee Dandridge).
+
+Dr. William Macon, my brother, about this time came into possession of
+the Mount Prospect plantation in New Kent County, on the Pamunkey
+River, left to him by our grandfather, Colonel William Hartwell Macon,
+it being then one of the finest farms on the river; it adjoined the
+famous White House aforementioned, which latter plantation was
+inherited and occupied later by General William H. Fitzhugh Lee, son
+of the famous General Robert E. Lee, of Confederate fame.
+
+The York River railroad passed through a portion of the "Mt. Prospect
+farm." A noted feature of the place was its very large and beautiful
+garden, almost every flower and plant known to Eastern Virginia
+florists was to be found there, and considerable expense had been made
+to render it a veritable Garden of Eden; and then, alas! when the
+great strife began between the North and the South, and our beloved
+old State became the battleground of the contending hosts of soldiers
+of both sides, and the Federal army, under General McClellan, advanced
+up the peninsula from Fort Monroe the farm became the camping ground,
+and his cavalry was picketed in that lovely spot, amid the almost
+priceless roses and violets, and needless to add that when those
+horsemen left it was a pitiable scene of "horrid war's" desolating
+effects, as hardly a trace of its former beauty and vision of
+refinement remained.
+
+A gentleman, Colonel Grandison Crump, taught school near the place,
+and I was made a scholar of his; it was quite like that of Count
+Larry's, except that the Colonel had no girls in his school. He sat is
+the same kind of armchair, and made and trimmed quill pens in the very
+same way. He was a most excellent teacher and I fairly buckled down to
+hard study, and as a consequence learned more than ever before, or
+indeed afterwards, at school. Our teacher was not a young man, as he
+was near sixty years of age, and was deeply enamored with a certain
+beautiful girl living in Charles City County adjoining; a Miss Maria
+Jerdone was the fortunate one, a most attractive girl, and quite young
+enough to be his daughter, but which did not prevent the old Colonel
+from loving her with all the ardor of youth. He was then living in the
+family of Mr. Braxton Garlick at "Waterloo" plantation, on the
+Pamunkey, which gentleman was one of the most hospitable men that ever
+lived, and who joked with the Colonel about his attentions to the
+young lady, but which did not dampen his ardor towards her, though he
+did not gain his suit, as she afterwards married a Mr. Pettus, an A.
+M. of the University of Virginia, who taught, and was the principal of
+a female academy in Tennessee; they made a very handsome bridal
+couple, but she did not long survive the wedding, and Mr. Pettus
+married, as his second wife, a Miss Turner, and removed to Richmond,
+Va., where he had the misfortune to lose his second wife by death.
+
+About this date I, who had grown to be a good-sized boy, remember well
+going down to New Kent Courthouse to see the cavalry troop with their
+new and very showy uniforms of light blue cloth with silver trimmings
+and metal helmet, with white plumes. This old company, one of the
+oldest in the State, was then officered as follows: Captain, Braxton
+Garlick; first lieutenant, George T. Brumley, with Southey Savage as
+orderly sergeant. On this occasion, after the commanding officer had
+put the troopers through a few drilling paces, all of them, officers
+and private soldiers, with one accord repaired to the tavern bar room
+and there regaled themselves with several fine juleps each; this treat
+had been set up by Captain Garlick, and he expected each man to do his
+duty in this valiant attack upon the enemy's fort, and truly was he
+not disappointed therein, although it was one of the hottest days I
+ever felt in the month of May.
+
+Not far from my brother's residence, where I was then living, lived a
+man named Tip Rabineau, a unique character, his ways and dress were
+both similar to that of the person described as Dominie Sampson in Sir
+Walter Scott's novel "Guy Mannering." Tip was about six feet and two
+inches in height; he wore his pants too short and coat sleeves not
+long enough to cover his big wrists, and yet he had an accomplishment
+which gave him much distinction in the neighborhood as being one of
+the most successful hunters to be found anywhere around, ranking as
+one of the best shots in Hanover County. He used always a
+single-barreled shot-gun that measured about six feet in length and
+carried powder in a small round gourd, and the shot in a canvass
+shot-bag; for loading this muzzle-loader he used newspaper for
+wadding; the bore of this weapon was but little larger than a ladies'
+thimble, but with this primitive outfit he brought down a bird every
+time he fired at one. What finally became of Rabineau I know not since
+I lost sight of him.
+
+Colonel Frank G. Ruffin, just before the beginning of the war, at my
+brother's invitation, came down to Mount Prospect, our home then, for
+the purpose of lecturing on agriculture to the farmers at New Kent
+Courthouse, on a court day, where a large crowd had assembled to hear
+him, and although whether theoretical or scientific farming had then
+attained the high degree it now enjoys is a matter of much doubt, yet
+he imparted to his listeners in a very pleasing and instructive
+manner, many valuable ideas on the subject of the new way of tilling
+"old mother earth"; how poor, thin soil could be made to yield as much
+as the richest Pamunkey low grounds under his advanced system of
+cultivation. Of course there were some present who believed the
+Colonel, and others who did not fully accept his theories, for as a
+matter of fact, he was considered one of the least practical of the
+prominent farmers in the State, but one of the best theoretical ones.
+We passed a very pleasant day at the courthouse and I enjoyed, on our
+return home, as a boy, great pleasure and instruction from his most
+interesting and amusing conversation. Ah, indeed! was those the flush
+times in the old Commonwealth, the like of which will never again be
+known.
+
+At about the period I am writing the York River railroad was being
+built from Richmond in an easterly direction about forty miles to West
+Point, in King William County, at the head of York River, and the
+junction of two rivers, the Pamunkey and the Mattaponi. The young men,
+the civil engineers employed about the surveying and construction of
+this work frequently visited "Mount Prospect," it being convenient to
+the camp, and we all enjoyed their society very much indeed, they
+being polished gentlemen, whose presence was an agreeable addition to
+any company; among them I can recall the names of Major E. T. D.
+Myers, General J. M. St. John, Colonel Jno. G. Clarke, Colonel Henry
+T. Douglass and others whose names I fail to remember now, but all
+were then young, intelligent men, each of whom afterwards attained
+important military positions in the Confederate service during the war
+which soon followed their railroad building on the peninsula. Colonel
+Clarke, above mentioned, subsequently married my sister, Lucy Selden.
+
+The majority of them have now passed from this life on earth to join
+those on the "other side of the river," though their names and deeds
+are revered by their survivors. No State, nor country ever produced a
+braver or more accomplished group of heroes than they were.
+
+Well, after attending Colonel Crumps' school for three years, when he
+closed for the summer vacation I bid farewell to his excellent
+tutorship. There were many quite pleasant associations connected with
+my school days there; I was considered one of his best boys; I packed
+up my few belongings there and returned to Auburn, my mother's home.
+My respected father died in the year 1852, and my mother then carried
+on the farming operations under the supervision of our servant Israel
+as her head man and overseer, who was one of the most efficient and
+faithful negroes I ever knew, performing his duties fully and
+satisfactorily to his mistress as manager of the hands.
+
+Two of my sisters were then married, Sister Anne to Mr. Peyton
+Johnston, the senior member of the drug house of P. Johnston &
+Brothers, of Richmond; my other sister, Betty, married the Rev. Dr.
+Alexander Martin, of the Presbyterian Church in Danville, Va. Probably
+no minister in that denomination had a higher reputation for pulpit
+oratory; he preached with force and effect, and set an example of a
+pure, unselfish, Christian life.
+
+After consulting the wishes of her single daughters my good mother
+decided to move to Richmond. She therefore rented a nice roomy house
+in a pleasant street in the city, and then a new leaf in the book of
+life was turned for me, as I of course continued to live with the
+family, but an era, or epoch in my journey of life now confronted me,
+as I was about to start to work to earn my own bread and meat. I
+therefore duly made application to the firm of Parker, Nimms & Co. for
+a clerkship in their establishment, and the senior partner told me to
+call in a few days for an answer, which I accordingly did in due time
+and received a favorable one, and in a few days I began my life's
+work. I remained with that firm six years and only left in 1861 to
+join, or rather to go with the First Company Richmond Howitzers into
+the great war between the States, being a member before the same
+strife began, having joined in the year 1859 when the company was
+organized. The house of Parker, Nimms & Co. was one of the largest
+wholesale dry-goods houses in Virginia at that time. When a young man
+commenced his apprenticeship in a dry goods store, it took some time
+to become acquainted with the routine of the business; it was about
+twelve months before I was allowed to carry a customer through it. It
+was not then as now when there is a salesman in separate departments
+and buyers are taken to another counter and clerks; but then in my day
+when a salesman started with a customer or purchaser he carried him or
+her through every department until the memorandum of the buyer was
+complete. It was then considered quite undignified for houses of
+established reputation and standing to advertise their wares in the
+newspapers; how different it is now, when most of the articles are
+sold through the aid of printer's ink; then they were sold upon their
+merits and intrinsic values, and also by means of an agreeable mode of
+showing them off. The house had a large patronage in the city as well
+as from all parts of the State. By degrees I advanced and became
+familiar with the whole business, and my sales were footing up well,
+which gave satisfaction to my employers, and consequently my salary
+was advanced, that being a very important point to me.
+
+The following incident occurred to a Colonel Jos. Weisiger, who was a
+fellow clerk in the house of Parker, Nimms & Co.; he was a very genial
+man, and had been the husband of the daughter of a wealthy planter,
+Colonel Bolling, who had settled on his daughter a handsome endowment
+at the time of her marriage, devising all the property at her death to
+the children by the marriage; so that when she died a few years later
+not a single dollar fell to the husband and he was then thrown out
+upon his own resources for his living. Under such circumstances, he
+applied to the firm of Parker, Nimms & Co. for a position as salesman
+and he was given one. He was at the time waiting on a widow, Mrs.
+S----, whose deceased husband had left her a fine estate, on the
+condition of her not again taking unto herself a help-mate, in which
+latter case all of the property should go to her children by her
+former husband. She hesitated some time before again marrying the
+Colonel, the meanwhile became very attentive to her, visiting her
+frequently, and as she was very fond of peanuts he bought a nice lot
+of roasted ones, tied them up nicely in a box, and placed them, as he
+thought, in a perfectly safe spot; when another clerk and I slyly
+opened the package, took out the "goobers," and replaced them with
+paper and saw-dust. Well, the fond lover, the Colonel, called on her
+and gaily presented the box, and her disappointment and his great
+mortification may be imagined when its contents were exposed to view.
+
+There was another incident which happened during one of the hottest
+summers in Richmond, when the mercury ranged from ninety-five to
+ninety-eight degrees in the shade; the clerks in the store took it by
+turns in the afternoon to go down into the basement, where it was cool
+and dark, and stretch themselves out on a pile of goods for a quiet
+nap, as there was nothing much doing up stairs. So one afternoon I
+went down there for my turn to sleep and fixed myself very
+comfortably; was soon sleeping as sweetly as an infant, when down came
+Weisiger, on mischief bent, took away my gaiters that I had removed
+from my feet and filled them up with paper, stuffed and rammed in
+hard, after which he placed them some distance from where I was, and
+then sprinkled water in the space between; he then went to the top of
+the stairs and called loudly for me, which of course awakened me, and
+I hurriedly reached for my shoes, but they were gone, and in order to
+reach them I had to walk on a wet floor in my sock feet, and hunt for
+them, but I finally found them and got things straight, to find out,
+when I went up stairs, that the thing was but a good joke on me. I
+told him that I certainly would get even with him yet on that; so some
+two or three evenings later he went down stairs for the same purpose
+and he was sleeping soundly when I got some paper, the kind that comes
+on blocks of ribbons, and made a funnel; I then took some lamp-black
+and placed in the top of it, going down I gave the funnel a whiff and
+the whole contents went on his face, and the more he rubbed it the
+worse it became, so he came up stairs one of the most furious creature
+that ever I saw. A fellow-clerk, a Mr. Cagbill, furnished him with
+soap and turpentine, and assisted him in applying it so that his face
+was once more restored to its normal state, and finally pacified him
+by saying, well you played a good practical joke on Macon, who took it
+in a good spirit, and now one who cannot take a joke, should not play
+one on others. The Colonel was an old time Virginia gentleman and we
+afterwards became the best of friends, and often laughed at our tricks
+of other days.
+
+The dry goods house of Binford, Mayo & Blair was one of the largest
+and best in Richmond. Mr. Binford was the managing head of the firm,
+and they had a customer from the southside, who was a large tobacco
+planter, and came to the city twice a year, bringing with him a
+memorandum for dry goods to be purchased nearly a yard long, and the
+first thing he would do on reaching town was to visit the store and
+hand in his list of supplies--his memorandum--asking that it be filled
+in the best manner, and with reasonable prices, and when he collected
+from his commission merchant he would call and pay his bill before
+leaving for his home, which he never failed to do, and being a regular
+customer the thing went on year after year to the satisfaction of both
+parties. At last the planter died and his wife took his place and
+attended to his affairs in the city; she accordingly visited the
+store. Mr. Binford met her and tendered his sympathy in her misfortune
+and after a few minutes of conversation she drew out her long list and
+asked to be shown several articles and their prices, after examining
+them she remarked to Mr. Binford, I wish to look around some before
+purchasing and will return and go through with my bill. She called
+upon and went carefully over the stock of every house in that line in
+Richmond in order to see if he had been overcharging her husband. She
+returned to the store in the evening. Mr. Binford having preceded her
+but a few moments and was remarking to a clerk that he wished the old
+lady had died instead of her husband, who always came to town, gave me
+his memorandum to fill and everything worked smoothly, and now she
+comes in and runs around to every store in the city, almost; she heard
+every word he said, but instead of taking offense, she "pitched in,"
+and went through her bill without a hitch. There was another incident
+in the Binford, Mayo & Blair house; it appears that one of the
+salesmen by the name of William Perkins, who was a bright fellow, and
+a good clerk, had one especial accomplishment, that of being one of
+the best draw-poker players in the city, indulging in that game
+frequently. One morning the senior member of the firm called Perkins
+to go down stairs as he wished to have a little private talk with him.
+Mr. Perkins, said he, I am informed that you play cards a great deal.
+Perkins replied, sir, do I perform my duty satisfactorily to your
+house? Is there anything in my conduct here displeasing to you? If so,
+please let me know now. Mr. Binford said, sir, you are an efficient
+salesman, and we are well pleased with you. Mr. Perkins then said,
+well Mr. Binford, I do not understand why you should bring me down
+here to lecture me, to which he gravely replied, Perkins have you any
+real good pointers in draw-poker? Perkins told him that he thought he
+had, when Mr. Binford said, then press them, which remark ended the
+conference in peace and harmony.
+
+Richmond about this time had some prominent hotels and restaurants,
+among the latter were "Zetelle's," Tom Griffin's, Charles Thompson's,
+and several others. There were no dairy lunches, nor snack-houses in
+town. Cold storage had not then come to the front. When a gentleman
+entered a restaurant and ordered a piece of roast beef, or a steak, he
+got home-killed beef, fat, tender and rich in flavor, and when he
+called for oysters they were set before him cooked with pure country
+butter, or genuine fresh hog's lard, and not cotton-seed oil. Coffee
+was then made of Java mixed with a little Rio, and not colored water,
+as is found at some of the eating houses of the day. To be sure one
+had to pay a little more for such a repast, yet he generally received
+full value for his money.
+
+Age and experience have improved many thinks in the city, yet I do not
+believe that the restaurants of the present time are as good as they
+were then. Among the hotels, the Columbian, owned and conducted by Mr.
+Spottswood Crenshaw, who was succeeded by Mr. Sublett, was situated at
+the corner of Cary Street and Shockoe Slip, and was the most popular
+hostelry for tobacco planters. It was very well kept, the table was
+supplied with the very best the market afforded; a marked feature of
+its dinners was that pitchers of toddy were freely distributed to
+refresh the thirsty guests. There was also the "American," which
+occupied the site of the Lexington--of the year 1912--at the corner of
+Main and Twelfth Streets. The Exchange and Ballard on East Franklin
+and Fourteenth Streets, was regarded as the leading hotel, and it was
+one of the finest houses of its time; it was kept first by Colonel
+Boykin and afterwards by John P. Ballard and brothers, and last by
+Colonel Carrington. In those days there were no transfer companies,
+and each ran its own omnibus to bring to and fro the guests from the
+railway stations and steamboats. I well remember one of Mr. Ballard's
+teams, consisting of four fine iron-grey horses which he drove to one
+of his turnouts, and they were beauties, being driven by a negro-whip,
+who knew how to handle them to advantage.
+
+At this period of time I was living in the country, and came to the
+city to attend the ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the
+Washington Monument in the Capitol Square. It was during the
+administration of Governor Jno. B. Floyd, and it was one of the worst
+days I ever experienced, being cold, rainy, and snowing, all the
+military of the city, besides the cadets from the Virginia Military
+Institute, of Lexington, were in the parade. It took several years to
+build the foundation for the monument, and then some time elapsed
+before the equestrian statue of Washington, which was designed by
+Crawford, arrived by steamer from New York, when it was hauled from
+Rockets wharf on a flat with a long rope attached to it and drawn to
+its destination in the Capitol Square by citizens and placed it on its
+pedestal. When it was soon afterwards unveiled it was a "red-letter
+day" in Richmond and in the history of the State. This splendid
+triumph in sculpture dedicated to the renowned "Father of his country"
+stands this day where it was erected more than a half-century ago, and
+is considered by good judges to be the finest equestrian statue in the
+United States; it is surrounded by heroic size figures in bronze of
+several eminent Virginians.
+
+The retail grocery stores were a prominent element of the city of
+Richmond's business, being an important part of its commercial
+greatness. Among them there were the firms of Walter D. Blair & Co.,
+the senior member a genial gentleman whose elegant manners not only
+retained all of his old customers, but drew many new ones to his
+attractive store; William M. Harrison, Joseph Weed & Son and George
+Dandridge. These all kept liquors, as well as groceries. Mr. Dandridge
+had a clerk who was a good salesman and advanced the interests of his
+employer in every way he could, and yet he had one failing, being an
+honest frequent drinker, so one day his employer called him back to
+the rear of the store and said, now sir, you are a good salesman, and
+also a good man, and I have but one fault to find with you, namely,
+you take a drink with every customer that comes in here; yes, he
+answered I do, and if they don't come in fast enough I drink by
+myself, just to keep my hand in, and to encourage trade. Mr. Dandridge
+retained him in his employ and he finally became a member of the firm.
+The retail dry goods houses were distinguished for their efficiency
+and size; there were on Main Street five or six and about the same
+number on Broad Street. I recall particularly the prominent one of
+Mann S. Valentine, who was one of the most successful merchants of
+Richmond. His son, Mann S. Valentine, Jr., was the discoverer of the
+formula for extracting and manufacturing for commerce the fluid
+extract of beef, known as "Valentine's Meat Juice," which at his death
+fell to his sons, who organized the Valentine Meat Juice Company,
+which has proved a boon to humanity, particularly to invalids. The
+enterprising firm conducts a very large export, as well as a domestic
+trade, and is composed of intelligent and progressive business men.
+Mr. M. S. Valentine, Jr., the founder of the present house, at his
+death, through his munificence, established and endowed the well known
+Valentine Museum, which is a lasting monument to his memory. It is
+kept in the best manner by his sons, who feel a great pride in it.
+Within its spacious rooms are to be found many of the finest relics of
+the arts of antiquity, and also specimens of Virginian and Southern
+fossils and curiosities, which have been collected and placed here at
+great expense and trouble. The building occupied by the Museum was
+originally purchased from James G. Brooks, and he, from Mr. Jno. P.
+Ballard, and he bought it from Mr. Wickham, so it is associated with
+historic memories, and it is truly one of the most interesting places
+in the city, and is visited daily by thousands of strangers visiting
+Richmond, as well as by the residents of the city. Mr. Edward S.
+Valentine is one of the most famous sculptors of his day, who designed
+and created out of Italian marble the celebrated recumbent statue of
+General Robert E. Lee, now in the chapel of Washington and Lee
+University at Lexington, Virginia. This is considered one of the best
+specimens of the fine arts in the world. Indeed it is an effigy in
+marble which produces mingled emotions of admiration and awe, as it
+lies there in its silent vault illumined by electric lamps in its
+darkened chamber.
+
+The wholesale grocery houses of Richmond at this time were large and
+served their purpose well. I recall to memory the firms of E. & S.
+Wortham & Co., which did a very large business, having the patronage
+from the extensive plantations on the Pamunkey River in grain and
+produce. Also Stokes & Reeves, Selden & Miller, Hugh Fery & Sons, and
+Dunlop & McCauce, the latter firm dealt principally in New Orleans
+sugars and molasses, carrying on the largest business in that line of
+any house in the city. Next I must mention the many tobacco
+manufacturers, which business was a very important one, as it is now.
+The factories of James A. Grant, William H. Grant, William Greanor,
+Robert A. Mayo & Son, James Thomas, Jr., and many others, all did a
+tremendous trade in this lucrative business.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+
+A unique feature was the agencies for hiring out negro hands and
+servants, it forming a large part of the business of the real estate
+men. Richmond was then said to have one hundred tobacco factories in
+active operation.
+
+My memory reverts to an interesting event in the year 1860, when
+Edward, the Prince of Wales, of the Royal family of Great Britain,
+visited Richmond, coming here from Washington with his retinue who
+were entertained at the old Exchange and Ballard House--then in its
+prime. The Prince stayed over Sunday and attended church at Saint
+Paul's. Doctor Minnegerode was then the rector of the parish, and he
+preached a good practical sermon for the distinguished guests. I
+remember well seeing the Prince, who was then a beardless youth, of a
+good figure and looks, he returned to the Capital City the next day,
+pleased with his trip; it was an epoch in the history of Virginia,
+socially speaking. Another incident was the lecture delivered here by
+Mr. Thackeray, the great novelist, at the Athenaeum, which building
+was then just in the rear of the Broad Street Methodist Church, the
+subject of the lecture was the "Georges," and it was a chaste and
+interesting address, full of anecdotes, with a vein of sarcasm
+interspersed throughout.
+
+Another lecture about this time was that of the Hon. Edward Everett,
+delivered at the old African Church; the subject was General George
+Washington. He was lecturing under the auspices of the Mount Vernon
+Association for the purchase of that place from its owners. The Mount
+Vernon papers which were then published by Mr. Bowner in the New York
+Ledger, were edited by him, and this address by him here was a
+literary treat, as was everything emanating from his cultivated mind;
+the church was filled with a highly appreciative audience, and all
+went home well pleased.
+
+The local politics were to some extent interesting, as almost every
+man discussed them in public. The African Church was used on Sundays
+as a negro meeting house for worship, and during the week for
+political gatherings by the white people, it being the largest in
+town. The colored people were of course paid for the use of their
+church building. When a person announced his candidacy for any office
+in the gift of the people, he was requested to define his position and
+views on the questions of the day. For instance when the subject of a
+free bridge between Richmond and Manchester over the James River was
+debated the people were called upon to express their ideas pro and con
+in the old African Church.
+
+There was a prominent local politician by the name of George Peake,
+who whenever a speaker uttered a sentiment of which he approved, would
+emphasize it by loudly exclaiming, "Why, certainly," and everybody
+knew where the voice came from, as he was notorious. On one occasion I
+was present at a meeting when a Mr. Martin Meredith Lipscomb was a
+candidate for the office of city sergeant, he was an illiterate man,
+but had the conceit and obstinacy of a government mule, and was
+arguing the point that when a man was born on the lower round of the
+social ladder he should not be debarred from rising to the upper ones,
+and to illustrate his point said he, now suppose I had been born in a
+stable, just then some wag in the crowd interrupted him by yelling
+out, then, sir, you would have been a mule; this rudeness silenced the
+speaker for a moment, but without taking any notice of it, he resumed
+his argument. This Mr. Lipscomb was a notorious office-seeker and
+never failed to announce himself as a candidate for almost every
+position from the mayoralty down to a constable, for nothing seem to
+daunt "old Martin Meredith," as he was called, in his attempts to hold
+some office, although failure was his only reward.
+
+In the celebrated campaign, just before the great war, for Governor
+between Henry A. Wise, the nominee of the Democracy, and the Hon.
+Stanhope Flournoy, the champion of the Whig party, the "Know-nothings"
+excitement was in its incipiency and they supported the Whigs in this
+contest. Hon. Henry Winter Davis, of Maryland, one of the best
+political orators of his day, spoke in advocacy of "Know-nothingism,"
+and his remarks were good and convincing from his standpoint, but the
+strong logic, and Herculean thrusts of Mr. Wise utterly destroyed the
+fallacies of the opposition, and the Know-nothing party died, then and
+there. Governor Wise was one of the most gifted and forcible, as well
+as interesting, speakers in the State. At this time there were many
+fine public speakers; I will mention Mr. John Minor Botts, an old-line
+Whig, one of the most accomplished orators of Virginia, he spoke but
+seldom and only on important occasions. Another prominent one was
+Marmaduke Johnson, a distinguished lawyer of the city, who was never
+surpassed in eloquence. There was also Colonel Thomas P. August, whose
+addresses were always received with delight by an audience of his
+fellow citizens. Mr. John Caskie, who represented the city and
+district in Congress; he was a very fluent and convincing speaker, and
+it was a forensic treat to listen to him. There were many others whose
+acquirements in oratory were not easily equalled before, or since,
+this day and time.
+
+Richmond about this period of its history was in its prime, and
+prospects were very bright. The churches were an important feature;
+among the most prominent were old St. John's, on that part of the city
+called "Church Hill." In this venerable edifice, Patrick Henry
+delivered that celebrated speech, which kindled the first sparks, that
+fired the colonies to burst into rebellion against the tyranny of old
+King George the Third. Also there was the Methodist Church, which
+stood originally between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets on East
+Franklin, the congregation of which removed to their new building now
+on Broad Street. The Second Presbyterian, on Franklin then occupied
+the site of Randolph's paper box factory; this congregation built a
+fine house at the corner of Fifth and Main Streets. The pastor of this
+was one of the most celebrated divines of his day; he was succeeded by
+the distinguished pulpit orator Doctor Moses Hoge. The First
+Presbyterian originally stood where the City Hall now rears its lofty
+towers, and a large and more modern church was erected at the corner
+of Grace and Madison Streets. Doctor Moore was for a long time the
+beloved pastor of this congregation. The Monumental Episcopal, with so
+many historic associations clustering around it, was built on the spot
+occupied by the old Richmond Theater, which years ago was burned to
+the ground, consuming many of the most esteemed and prominent citizens
+of the city and State. Doctor Woodbridge filled the pulpit of this
+sacred building for many years, and never was there a purer and holier
+minister of Christ. I remember well some of the vestrymen, such men as
+Mr. James Gardner, Mr. George Fisher, and others of the same stamp;
+they were as good men as the world ever produced, and their memory is
+held in kindest remembrance by all who knew them. Next, in point of
+age and reverence, I mention Saint Paul's Episcopal, situated at the
+corner of Grace and Ninth Streets. If all the religious and historic
+memories of this church were fully recounted it would almost suffice
+to fill a volume. General Robert E. Lee's family attended this church,
+as did also the General, whenever he visited his home during the
+progress of the great war, although he was seldom away from the front.
+Miss Hettie Carey and General John Pegram were married there, just
+before the end of the hostilities, and if my memory serves me, about a
+week later his lifeless body rested upon a bier in front of the altar,
+where he had so short a time before plighted his troth to his
+beautiful and most gifted bride. Doctor Minnegerode was the rector of
+this parish and he was one of the best theologians in the Episcopal
+denomination, was a distinguished professor at the Theological
+Seminary near Alexandria, Virginia, when called to the charge of St.
+Paul's. It was while President Jefferson Davis was worshipping in this
+sanctuary on a sabbath morning, that a message informed him of the
+fall of Petersburg, Va. One of the largest and most influential
+congregations worshipped in Saint James Episcopal Church, whose first
+minister for a long time was Doctor Empie, who was succeeded as rector
+by the venerated and most beloved of pastors, the Reverend Joshua
+Peterkin, of sacred memory, who was regarded by all as a beacon light
+of undefiled Christianity, and a lowly follower of the Blessed Saviour
+of mankind.
+
+The Church of "All Saints," on West Franklin Street, though one of the
+youngest Episcopal congregations, is one of the very best and most
+popular. Doctor Downman, the rector, is a man of ripe scholarship in
+divinity and of sterling piety. The vestrymen of "All Saints" are ever
+to the front in every deed of charity, and for the amelioration and
+uplifting of suffering humanity. I recall as members of this vestry
+Mr. F. S. Valentine, Mr. John Tyler, Mr. Peter H. Mayo, and several
+other well known citizens.
+
+St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, at the corner of Grace and Eighth
+Streets, is one of the oldest churches in Richmond. I remember when
+Bishops McGill and Keane officiated there. There was once a
+theological discussion carried on through the newspapers between the
+Bishop McGill and Doctor Plummer, of the Presbyterian denomination,
+who were two intellectual giants, and were well matched in vigor and
+zeal. I recall an amusing incident: there lived out on the Brook
+Turnpike a certain lady who drove to church every Sunday to her
+carriage, a pair of rat-tailed sorrel horses that always came quietly
+down the street to the church, but when their mistress was once in the
+vehicle, and their heads were turned homewards, after services were
+over, they ran at a sharp gallop all the way until they reached the
+front gate at their home.
+
+A very attractive feature of these churches was the fine choir music,
+which I am sure has never been surpassed. I remember when the choir of
+Monumental was composed of Mr. John Tyler, Miss Emily Denison and
+other noted vocalists, while at the organ presided Mr. Leo Wheat. When
+the funeral services were held there of Major Wheat, the commander of
+the New Orleans Tigers, who was killed at Cold Harbor in 1862, Miss
+Denison sang a solo, entitled "I Would Not Live Always." I thought it
+one of the sweetest and most pathetic hymns that I ever heard. At
+Saint Paul's Madam Rhul was the leading soprano, and her notes were as
+sweet as the warbling of a mocking bird. On one occasion I heard her
+when she sang that fine old hymn, "Jesus, Lover of My Soul," to the
+air of "When the Swallows Homeward Fly," and indeed I do not believe
+that it has ever been surpassed in that grand old edifice.
+
+Among the many interests, commercially speaking, were the real estate
+firms, for instance I mention, Goddin and Apperson, Taylor and
+Williams, Hill and Rawlings and Holliday and Rawlings. The movement of
+real property then was not quite so lively as it is now, but
+nevertheless they all did a fair business.
+
+Another important business was that of the wholesale drug houses,
+among the largest were, Purcell, Ladd & Co., Peyton Johnston and
+Brother, Adie and Gray, William Beers & Co.; and I doubt if there has
+ever been any larger houses in that line, before or since. Their trade
+was extensive and came from all parts of the State, and neighboring
+States to the south. There was then no selling goods through
+travelling salesmen by samples, but the purchasers came in person
+direct to headquarters and laid in their supplies.
+
+Another leading feature of Richmond's make-up was its corps of
+physicians. A man who is a specialist nowadays in any particular
+calling is termed a doctor, but I am now only alluding to the Doctors
+of Medicine--the M.D.'s--the followers of Esculapius of yore. Among
+these was first and foremost, Francis H. Deane, whose presence even
+almost revived a patient; many sick fellows recall his genial face
+when entering the sick chamber. He practiced in our family over thirty
+years. Also there was Doctor Cunningham, who was regarded as one of
+the best; Doctor Bell Gibson, who was esteemed the most eminent
+surgeon in the State. Another noted surgeon was Doctor Petticolas,
+whose general practice was very extensive. Then I must mention those
+great and good men, Doctors Skelton and Knox, who were shining lights
+in their profession, whose memory is cherished, as well as that of old
+Doctors McCaw and Marks.
+
+The wholesale shoe houses were a big item in the city's mercantile
+life. Among the leading ones were Hubbard, Gardner and Carlton, which
+concern did the largest business in foot-wear in Richmond; their trade
+was co-extensive with the State. It is doubtful if there is now a
+house in their line conducting a larger trade. Then there was the old
+and staunch firm of Putney and Watts, and also White and Page, besides
+several large retail stores.
+
+At this gentlemen did not wear machine-made boots and shoes, but had
+them to order by native shoemakers. The fashionable footdress then was
+Congress gaiters and boots; Oxford ties were worn in the summer. The
+change in men's attire is quite distinct, as formerly gentlemen wore
+broad-cloth made with a Prince Albert or frock coat with pants and
+vests to match. A very popular style was a blue cloth clawhammer coat
+with plain brass buttons. Linen suits were much worn in the hot
+season.
+
+At one time a Mr. Selden kept a large boarding house called "The
+Richmond," which stood at the corner of Governor and Ross Streets. It
+was a fine house and was particularly popular with young clerks, and
+among the boarders was a unique person named Beau Lambert, he was a
+very fastidious man in his dress, always wearing a fine black suit
+with a dress coat, and was particular in parting the skirts of his
+coat on sitting down. Accordingly one day Henry Thornton, a young
+fellow, full of fun and tricks, took from the dinner table a dumpling
+of meal out of a dish of jowl and turnip salad and slipped it in
+Lambert's coat pocket. It was a very greasy and disagreeable joke, and
+the Beau did not find out who was the perpetrator for some days, and
+of course he was very much displeased, but mutual friends arranged the
+matter amicably, and they became good friends afterwards.
+
+The gambling establishments were an important part of the city's life
+at this juncture. The law against faro banks was not strictly enforced
+as it is now. Their rooms were elegantly furnished, and every night a
+sumptuous supper was spread before their patrons, which was greatly
+enjoyed by many planters coming to town to sell their crops. Among the
+most popular ones were Worsham and Brother, the Morgan Brothers and
+Nat Reeves. The credit of these men was as good as that of any
+merchant in town. I recall an incident in connection with these games,
+to wit: There were three students at the medical college who were gay
+and up-to-date boys, but were not blessed with much cash, who
+frequently visited Mr. Reeve's rooms. On a certain Saturday night they
+went out with a tumbrie cart to procure subjects for the college to be
+dissected. They first backed up the cart in front of his entrance, and
+then asked each other how much money they had between them; one had a
+dollar and a half, another two dollars and the other only fifty cents,
+making all but three dollars, which was not enough with which to get
+on a good "spree." So it was arranged, in order to carry out their fun
+to the best advantage, in the following manner, they appointed one as
+spokesman to run the small sum in their pool at Mr. Reeves' bank in a
+game of faro, and as the boy walked up to the cashier to invest it in
+"chips," Mr. Reeves said, "I will not sell you any, for if you should
+make a run on me you might win from me several hundred dollars, and if
+I should beat you in the game I should only gain three dollars," and
+so, at these words, he took out of the drawer a ten-dollar bank note
+and handed it to him, saying, "Now boys go ahead, and don't come back
+here again tonight." Now, that was all they wanted; it played right
+into their hands, for the money enabled them to pass a gay and joyous
+night. These three youngsters afterwards graduated well, and all of
+them became successful practitioners of the "Art of Healing."
+
+Before the beginning of the war between the States. In those days on
+each "Fourth of July" picnics and barbecues were held. On one of these
+days I attended a barbecue at Buchanan's Spring, which was then
+outside the city in the county of Henrico. A large and enthusiastic
+crowd was present and there were various devices for promoting mirth
+and pleasure. A Mr. James Ferguson, one of the city's most prominent
+merchants, was there, and also Mr. William F. Watson, a lawyer of high
+standing. Mr. Ferguson was a man of fine figure and was considered one
+of the best dancers in town. Mr. Watson was a portly man and weighed
+about two hundred and twenty pounds, and almost as broad as long. The
+weather was very warm indeed, and it was arranged to dance an Irish
+jig, there being no ladies present. They stripped off everything but
+their underwear and they footed it out to a finish, and it was called
+one of the best displays of that lively dance that had been seen for
+many days. The championship was awarded to Mr. Watson.
+
+One of the most noted military organizations in Richmond at that time
+was the old State Guard, which occupied the armory near the Tredegar
+Iron Works. It was officered by Captain M. Dimmock, Lieutenant Gay and
+Lieutenant Clarke, and was as well drilled as the cadets at West
+Point. The officers frequently gave exhibitions of drills on Capitol
+Square, and it was a treat to see their skirmish drills, which drew a
+large concourse of spectators, and was one of the most interesting
+sights I ever witnessed. After the war the organization of the State
+Guard was abolished.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+
+Of the theaters of the city, the most prominent one was the old
+"Marshall," which stood where the Meyer Greentree furnishing store now
+is located, at the corner of Seventh and Broad Streets. It was leased
+by Mr. Taylor. The stock company was composed of some of the most
+distinguished actors of the day, who have appeared on the stage of
+this country. Among them were Joseph Jefferson, Booth, John Owens,
+Adams, Boniface and Mary Devlin, who afterwards married Edwin Booth. I
+remember seeing there Burton, in his famous role of "Poodles"; Clarke,
+in "Our American Cousin," and Neaffie, in "Hamlet," in which Jefferson
+took the character of the grave-digger. These have never been
+surpassed in America.
+
+An entertaining gleaning is that respecting "Fairfield race track,"
+situated on the Mechanicsville Turnpike. This was the most prominent
+race course of its day in the State. It was run and owned by a Mr.
+James Talley, who was one of the best horsemen in Virginia. When the
+place was at its zenith it had a long string of race horses in its
+stables, among them being some of the most celebrated the world has
+ever seen; there was the great racer, and sire of racers, "Revenue,"
+owned by Mr. Botts; "Talley Ho," owned by Mr. Selden C. Mason;
+"Engineer," a splendid grey; "Red-Bye," sire of "Planet"; Martha
+Washington, "Iina" and many others. These were the very flowers of the
+thoroughbred stock of the South. Every Sunday evening in the spring of
+the year the horses were exercised around the course and were given a
+"right sharp brush." Several of my friends and I were in the habit of
+going out and viewing them while at their exercises and it was well
+worth the while to see such spurts of swift speeding. Truly those were
+the palmy days of racing, and they will never again be reviewed in
+Virginia, at least in this part of the State, for conditions are
+greatly changed.
+
+I recall the heaviest fall of snow one spring while I was living in
+Richmond that ever took place in the memory of the oldest inhabitants;
+it commenced on a Saturday night and fell continuously until the
+Monday following. I was then carrying the keys to the store of Parker,
+Nimmo & Co., and had to open the house with the assistance of the
+porter. We had to dig away the drift, which had reached to the top of
+the door, before we could even see it, let alone get in it. On that
+Sunday night a large fire occurred near the Old Market House. It was
+so bitterly cold during the snow spell that Doctor Cox, of
+Chesterfield county was frozen to death just as he was about entering
+the gate to his farm. On Monday the temperature moderated and the
+younger ones had a gala time snow-balling every one mounted or in
+sleighs that passed on the main streets; each corner was occupied by
+squads, who pelted them without mercy or hesitation.
+
+There was in the city one George Washington Todd, a beacon light of
+the sporting crowd. He was a man of splendid physique, about six feet
+two inches in height and built in proportion; possessing a fine voice,
+a good deal of wit and humor and the cheer of a brass monkey. He had
+no moral reputation and no one would credit him. On a certain day when
+there was a political meeting over on the Eastern Shore, Governor Wise
+was one of the speakers, and after the speaking was over Todd walked
+up to the Governor and passed the compliments of the day thus: Cousin
+Henry, how are you to day? The Governor replied I do not know of any
+relationship between us. Todd then said, now, Governor, were you not
+born in Accomack. He said yes. Well, then, as I was also born in
+Accomack, does not that make us cousins? The cool effrontery of the
+fellow somewhat astonished the Governor.
+
+A noticeable feature was the elegant jewelry establishments. The most
+prominent were Mitchell and Tyler and C. Genet & Co. Then a person
+thought they could not buy a reliable article unless it came from one
+or the other store. The first named, Mitchell and Tyler, enjoyed a
+very large and paying patronage. In their employ was a gentleman by
+the name of Hicks, who was at the head of the watch-repairing
+department, and it required quite an artist in that line to fill the
+position, as then the simple American watches had not come into
+general use, for those mostly carried were of Swiss and English or
+other foreign makes. This gentleman was full of pleasing humor and
+wit, and as he was in the front of the store, when a person would
+enter and inquire for a certain clerk by the name of Christian, he
+would jokingly say that in the rear were several young men, some
+members of the church, but whether a Christian could be found among
+them he could not say.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+
+I was attending the races at Fairfield and it was a field day. Of
+course there was a large crowd present, the gambling stands were well
+patronized, as usual and at one particular table there was a large
+farmer betting very freely, who seemed to have plenty of money, and a
+smart fellow who lived in the city observed the way things were
+running, for every time the farmer put down a bet the dealer would win
+and raked it in. So after that every time the farmer would make a bet,
+this man would put one down opposite, or bet against him, and this
+continued until the farmer had exhausted his pile; the Richmond man
+winning all the bets, which did not please the dealer, who said to
+him, "Why don't you let an honest man make a living?" The man saw that
+the gambler was fleecing the farmer, and he had coppered and won of
+course, thus blocking the dealer's game.
+
+President James Monroe's remains were brought to Richmond and interred
+in Hollywood Cemetery, having as an escort of honor the famous Seventh
+Regiment of New York. This was the finest volunteer military
+organization that I ever saw, it being the crack corps of that city;
+they marched like a machine, their alignment was perfect; the uniforms
+were grey dress coats. The hospitality of the people of the city was
+extensive and most cordial. The visitors were not allowed to open
+their pocketbooks for anything purchasable; even if they went in for a
+cigar, it was already paid for, they were informed. Being composed of
+the best citizens of the Metropolis, gentlemen all, they did not abuse
+the privileges granted them in the slightest degree.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+
+Most important events were just on the eve of happening. The election
+for the national Presidency was booming in the near future, and
+politics were attracting the attention of the whole country. The two
+main parties which were confronting each other were the Democratic on
+the one side and on the other the Free Soil or Abolition party of the
+North, which had united and formed the Republican, the strength of
+which latter party was growing stronger every day. Its platform of
+principles was antagonistic to the Democratic party and to the
+Southern States on the slavery question. In November, 1859, old John
+Brown, who had figured conspicuously in the fights, organized a
+hostile gang of Abolitionists and came down to Virginia, presumably to
+incite the negroes against their masters and urge them to
+insurrection. Their field of operation was in the county of Jefferson
+and adjoining one. The government of the United States dispatched
+Colonel Robert E. Lee, in command of a small body of marines, to
+capture Brown and his party and to defeat his diabolical scheme. The
+fanatical wretches took refuge in the engine house at Harper's Ferry.
+They were then taken to Charlestown and placed in the jail, being
+turned over to the State authorities by Colonel Lee. Governor Henry A.
+Wise at that period of time was filling the gubernatorial chair, and
+he immediately dispatched the military companies of Richmond to the
+scene of action, in order to protect the citizens in this critical
+emergency. Indeed it was the real beginning of the great war.
+
+Old John Brown, the leader and arch-conspirator against the peace and
+dignity of Virginia, was duly tried and summarily executed. Next, one
+Cook was tried, who was a very young man and nephew of the Governor of
+Indiana, who employed Senator Daniel Voorhies to defend him. The case
+was pathetic in the extreme; many persons in court were moved to
+tears, but the law was inexorable and he was judged guilty and shared
+the fate of his leader. After the executions the military returned
+home. The 1st Company of Howitzers had just been formed and organized,
+and on this occasion acted as infantrymen. The whole country was then
+in a great state of excitement and unrest. In a short time the
+nominations for the Presidency would be made. James Buchanan, of
+Pennsylvania, was the President then, and the feeling between the
+North and the South was becoming more and more intense, and what would
+be the outcome few could predict. A political storm they all feared
+was to culminate in a dreadful, cruel war between the States.
+
+In the year 1860 the Democratic party held its convention in the city
+of Charleston, S. C. It divided into two section, one wing nominated
+John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, as their standard bearer, and the
+other put forward as their nominee Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois.
+The Whig party chose John Bell, of Tennessee, to lead it. The newly
+formed Republican party had nominated Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois.
+
+The canvass was conducted with force and vigor. The Republicans had
+grown in numbers and strength and presented a formidable menace to the
+South. The most strenuous efforts were made by each section to elect
+its candidate; the issue was great and clearly defined. In the South
+the ablest speakers were brought out to present the danger which
+threatened the institution of slavery in the success of the Lincoln
+party; yet it seemed a forlorn hope to expect to elect Southern
+Democrats like Breckinridge and Lane, as there were two other
+Democratic tickets in the field, which, of course, split the
+conservative or Southern vote, while the North or Abolition party had
+only one ticket in the field.
+
+The Whigs of Richmond had built, on Fourteenth and Franklin Streets, a
+large wooden structure capable of seating a crowd--that party had a
+large majority in the city--and held frequent meetings therein. It was
+called the "Wigwam." I well remember that the night before the
+election Mr. William L. Yancy spoke in advocacy of Breckinridge at the
+Metropolitan Hall, on Franklin Street near the Exchange Hotel. Others
+spoke at the "Wigwam" for the Douglass ticket. The last speaker there
+was A. Judson Crane. The evening was advancing and the audience had
+been listening for hours to burning words from the lips of gifted
+orators, and well do I recall his closing remark, to-wit: "It makes no
+difference for whom you vote, as before the sun of tomorrow goes down
+Abraham Lincoln will have been elected the President of these United
+States." This prediction proved only too true, since on the following
+fourth day of March he was inaugurated, and in his address said that
+he would use all the men at his command to bring back into the Union,
+by force of arms if necessary, the seceding Southern States. This was
+truly cold comfort for the Southern people. John Letcher was the
+Governor of Virginia, and the General Assembly was in session, which
+drew up and passed a bill for the calling of a State convention that
+the people indorsed by a large majority. Then came the most important
+part, the election of delegates to it. As a matter of fact the State
+was largely Democratic, and in an ordinary election for State offices
+a Whig stood no chance of election, but such was not the case in this
+one, for no party lines were brought into play and therefore the
+ablest and most intellectual men were selected, irrespective of party
+affiliations. This important meeting of Virginians, called the
+"Secession Convention," assembled in Richmond--the building used for
+its sessions was the Mechanic's Institute, located on Ninth Street
+between Main and Franklin Streets and then occupied the present site
+of the building of Ebel and Sons, merchant tailors. It organized, by
+election, Mr. Janney, of Loudon county, as president, an old line
+Whig, and was opposed to secession at the very start. Mr. Eubank was
+made clerk.
+
+I doubt if an abler, more intellectual and patriotic set of men were
+ever before gathered together in this State for the discussion of a
+subject so delicate and so portentous. They seemed to fully realize
+the gravity of the situation that confronted the old Commonwealth. The
+convention was divided into two parts; the one the original
+secessionists, who were in favor of going out of the Union at once, as
+many of the other States had already done, the other was mainly
+composed of old line Whigs, who were in favor of preserving the Union
+as long as a chance remained. The debates in the convention were of
+the most absorbing interest to the whole population, and even the
+heads of the commercial houses would leave them in charge of clerks.
+The female heads of families, just as soon as their morning duties
+were arranged, would repair to the Mechanic's Institute to listen to
+the speeches, so supreme was the general interest taken in the outcome
+of it. And it was not at all surprising that such was the case, for it
+was a most momentous era in our history. Nobody could foretell the
+future at that early day. The members did all they could to avert
+civil war. Several delegates were sent to the seat of government at
+Washington to endeavor to secure a peaceable solution of the vexed
+questions. It was a time of suspense and almost anguish; the Union
+hung as by a thread as it were, and then at this critical juncture the
+President, Abraham Lincoln, issued his celebrated proclamation,
+calling upon Virginia, the "Mother of States," and "of the Union," for
+seventy-five thousand men as her quota with which to assist him in
+coercing, by military force of arms, her sister States. The convention
+did not hesitate an instant, it promptly passed the Ordinance of
+Secession almost unanimously, there being but one dissenting voice.
+With the secession of this State the last gleam of hope for peace
+vanished as the snow flakes before the rays of the sun. The Federal
+government had sent reinforcements and provisions for a siege to Port
+Sumter, which was then commanded by Major Anderson. The people of
+South Carolina considered this a declaration of war, and at once,
+under the direction of General Beauregard, attacked the fort and
+caused its surrender. This was the beginning of the great war between
+the States of the Union, which was to call to the front every true
+Southerner to do or die for the South land; it was the first clash of
+arms in that bloody drama which was to last for four long years of
+terror to the people of Virginia, and the sacrifice of the life's
+blood of thousands of her noblest and most gallant sons. Richmond,
+with her open gates of welcome to the splendid troops from the South
+and Southwest, was the rendezvous of all the soldiers to be organized
+hurrying to the front. Everything then seemed bright and all believed
+the war would soon be over.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+
+The Southern ports were soon blockaded by the Federal vessels of war
+and the South then had to rely entirely upon her own resources.
+Excepting a few articles, such as coffee and tea, brought in through
+the blockade, substitutes were found for each of these articles.
+
+During the first year the currency of the Confederacy depreciated but
+little, but in the second year it began to go down in value, until it
+became before the end almost worthless. Richmond, in spite of the
+privations of the people, was gayer and more brilliant socially than
+it ever was since or before. There were in the city a great many
+refugees from all parts of the South, which formed a social element
+that made a delightful society. There were dances and theater parties
+held frequently; many clerks, male and female, employed in the
+government departments; soldiers on furlough from the army, all
+combined to form a gay company of ladies and gentlemen.
+
+General Beauregard was in command of the Army of the Potomac, as
+General Joseph E. Johnston was in the Valley of Virginia opposing
+General Patterson of the Federal forces. The first battle of Manassas
+was fought on the 21st day of July, 1861, this being the first big
+fight of the war, and in this the Southern troops were completely
+victorious, driving back to Washington the Northern army in a regular
+panic-stricken mob. This victory buoyed up the spirits of our people
+in the city and they did not fully realize the gravity of the war
+until it had been waged sometime. The social life in the city became
+more pleasant as time passed, and large entertainments were given
+almost every night. Mrs. Randolph, the wife of the Secretary of War,
+who was one of the leaders in society at this period, lived on East
+Franklin Street, two doors from the residence of General Lee's family.
+Her house was the centre of social attraction. She gave theatrical
+rehearsals and readings, which were attended by the soldiers who were
+in the city en route to and from the front and while on furlough.
+
+There was a prominent feature of nearly every family then, which was
+the open house for the entertainment of the soldiers, sick or well,
+all of whom received the heartiest welcome and the kindest treatment.
+I recall Mr. James Gardner, of the firm of Gardner, Carlton & Co.,
+whose house was headquarters for the distinguished artillery company
+from the city of New Orleans, the Washington Artillery, as well, also,
+for other Southern soldiers. Mr. Peyton Johnston, of the firm of P.
+Johnston and Brother, kept open house to all worthy Confederates. I
+well remember meeting there a unique character, a Major Atkins, of the
+cavalry corps, who was an Irishman, and enjoyed the soubriquet of
+"Charles O'Malley." He was one of the finest specimens of manhood that
+I ever beheld; he was about six feet two inches in height and well
+proportioned. He was of course in the service of the Confederacy, but
+was unfortunately called to his home in Ireland before the close of
+the war. He sent his young brother to take his place in the
+Confederate ranks, joining Mosby's men, but was killed shortly after
+joining.
+
+Of the newspapers of Richmond, both before and during the war, there
+was the Enquirer, first owned and edited by Colonel Thomas Ritchie and
+afterwards by William F. Ritchie. Among the editors were Roger A.
+Pryor and O. Jennings Wise. This sheet before the war was the leading
+Democratic organ. And then came the Richmond Whig, edited by Mr.
+Robert Ridgway, which was the organ of the old line Whigs of Virginia;
+and then the Dispatch, owned by Mr. Cowardin and edited by Messrs.
+Baldwin and Pleasants. Next I mention that caustic sheet the Examiner,
+owned and edited by John M. Daniel, who was one of the most sarcastic
+writers of his time, whose criticisms of public men and of the
+Confederate government were biting and severe.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+
+The "Alexandria Sentinel" was removed to Richmond at the beginning of
+the war. Of course, when hostilities began all the old party lines in
+politics were obliterated. They were only to be found and known as the
+Southern or Secession party or States Rights men. The armies of the
+Confederacy were achieving success in nearly every encounter, while
+the North was making tremendous efforts to fill up the depleted ranks
+by enlarging the drafts. The South meanwhile was also putting forward
+all her limited resources to counteract that of the North, and yet the
+Southern cause was being worn out day by day by the forces of
+attrition. Her ports being closed by the blockade, she was becoming
+exhausted by slow degrees being decimated by disease and lack of
+proper nourishment, as well as by the bullets of the enemy. So when
+the strong attack by Grant was made on the lines around Petersburg,
+the thin grey line gave way, was forced back by over-whelming numbers
+and began its final retreat to the fatal field of Appomattox, where
+General Lee sadly signed articles of peace and surrender of the
+remnant of the gallant old Army of Northern Virginia.
+
+The Southern people had fought and suffered for four long, dreary
+years for what they believed was right, and there was no unprejudiced
+commentator of the Constitution who did not give the South the right
+to secede from the sisterhood of States when her rights by the spirit
+as well as the letter of that instrument had been withheld and denied
+her.
+
+Now that the surrender had taken place a new era confronted the
+people. I returned from the field of surrender and stopped at
+Maynard's farm, where the "Soldiers' Home" now is. I gave my parole as
+a private in the 1st Company of Richmond Howitzers. After reaching
+home I walked down Main Street, and could hardly recognize my
+surroundings. The great conflagration which ensued at the evacuation,
+had left a mass of debris impossible to imagine or describe by an old
+resident of the city. The South was now a conquered country, though
+never recognized as a government de Jure, nor de facto by the
+Federals, and according to the theory advanced and upheld all through
+the conflict by them, we should have at once enjoyed all the rights
+which belonged to the seceded States before a separation occurred. But
+such was never the case, as a system of legislation was begun that was
+a blot upon the civilization of the nineteenth century. I allude to
+the reconstruction era in Virginia, which period has been depicted by
+several writers. As the ashes from old Virginia arose Phoenix like
+from humiliation and re-established her State government, thereby
+enabling her to get rid of the barnacles which had nearly sapped her
+political life and she struggled on through many trials and hindrances
+until at last each year brought new evidences of substantial success
+and prosperity. New conditions now confronted this community, as
+before the war the State had borrowed large amounts of money to aid
+her infant enterprizes and improvements, which by lapse of time had
+accumulated in interest unpaid a considerable amount. Then there
+sprung up the Readjuster party, and its opponent, the "Debt-paying" or
+McCullough party. The former maintained that as the State has emerged
+from the conflict of arms financially ruined and it could not be
+expected to pay in full the original debt, but should be allowed to
+scale it so as to enable the State to meet her obligations. The
+Funders or Debt-paying party claimed that a just debt should be paid
+dollar for dollar. The two parties went before the people, and
+Governor Cameron was the nominee of the Readjusters and John Warwick
+Daniel was the Funder candidate for the office of Governor, and the
+Readjusters won and Cameron was elected Governor with the whole
+legislature Readjusters. With the election of a Readjuster State
+government there was a complete change in the whole administration at
+Richmond. Not a single "Funder" or Debt-payer was left in office;
+there took place a regular clearance of the Augean stables. There
+never was a more prospective party formed. General Mahone exercised
+supreme control. He had some very able lieutenants who aided him in
+carrying out his drastic policy. The British bondholders employed Mr.
+William L. Royall, a distinguished lawyer of this city, paying him a
+large salary to look after their interests. He kept the State on a
+gridiron by attempting to force a reception of coupons cut from the
+bonds as payment of State taxes. These coupons were of no value as a
+circulating medium, and consequently would deprive the State of all
+means of carrying on the government if they were successful. The
+Funding party, realizing that they had made a mistake in their way of
+settling the debt, changed front and adopted the Readjuster theory or
+plan of scaling down. They appointed a committee of the best men in
+the country, with ex-President Grover Cleveland as one, to formulate a
+settlement on the basis of the Riddlebarger bill. The creditors
+accepted the terms and the vexed question was thus forever settled, at
+least so far as Virginia was liable. Mr. Royall of course lost thereby
+his lucrative job. The Century bonds were issued and a sinking fund
+set aside for the payment of interest. This settlement killed the
+Readjuster party and the offices of the State were restored to the
+Conservative party. General Mahone and his lieutenants flopped over to
+the Republican party. Virginia has been steadily prosperous ever since
+then.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+
+Virginia, after the permanent settlement of the "debt question" and
+the subject was finally eliminated from the State politics, sprang
+forward upon an era of great prosperity and advancement, which
+continued without interruption until the "Free Silver" and "16 to 1"
+craze set in politics, and the false idea that sixteen ounces of
+silver was always equal in value to one ounce of gold took complete
+possession of the field throughout the State. This was one of the
+delusions championed by Mr. William Jennings Bryan, one of the most
+plausible and eloquent stump speakers in the country. He threw all of
+his most forcible energy and talent into the attempt to convince the
+people that it was the panacea for all the ills of humanity--it was
+his idea that a purely economic issue would be a cure-all for all the
+woes of the flesh.
+
+In 1894 William Jennings Bryan was nominated by the Chicago Convention
+upon the "Free Silver" platform. General Simon Bolivar Buckner, of
+Kentucky, with Palmer, of Illinois, were chosen by the gold standard
+wing of the Democratic party as the standard bearers of the Democracy.
+William S. McKinley, then Governor of Ohio, was the nominee of the
+Republicans, also on a gold standard platform and high protective
+tariff. When the election was held that fall, the "Free Silver" motion
+was overwhelmingly defeated and killed. In the campaign Virginia voted
+largely for the Bryan ideas. So completely had his influence
+infatuated many sober-minded, good Democrats that they considered it
+almost treason to the party in one who did become misled by this
+delusion. When Lamb was nominated for Congress in the Third District
+of Virginia he was an advocate for Free Silver. A few nights before
+the nominating convention came off, I met Captain George D. Wise and
+asked him how he stood on the question, and he answered, "I am a Gold
+Standard Democrat." For this frank avowal I have always admired him.
+It was a decisive and unequivocal stand on the issue which was then at
+its height, and it cost him his seat in Congress, for Captain John
+Lamb, the opponent, was selected and afterwards seated as the member
+from the Third District of Virginia--the Richmond district.
+
+The Honorable Charles T. O'Ferral, the member from the Seventh
+District of Virginia, and who, with the aid of Mr. Randall, of
+Pennsylvania, the former Speaker of the House of Representatives, by
+their skill defeated the infamous Force Bill offered by Senator Lodge,
+of Massachusetts, which was antagonized by the whole South as
+sectional and unjust to it. Governor O'Ferral was almost ostracised by
+his party--that is, by the ring--because he would not subscribe to the
+"Free Silver, 16 to 1 craze." The old State finally emerged from this
+veritable "Slough of Despond," and its motto seems to be "Excelsior"
+and progress. The former political issue of gold or silver seems to be
+side-tracked and does not appear in the platforms of any party, but is
+relegated to oblivion as a subject of politics, and it is to be
+devoutly hoped that it will remain there for all time and never again
+cause so much unnecessary bitterness and division in the old party.
+
+The State being relieved to a great extent from the handicap resulting
+through the late canvass and excitement; though her Congressmen and
+the State officers were elected on the Free Silver platform, yet it
+ceased to play a part in the policy of the State or the country at
+large.
+
+The commercial and economic status of the old Commonwealth improved
+every day. The General Assembly drew up a bill calling upon the
+suffragans of Virginia to decide whether a convention should be called
+or not. They, the voters, decided that one should be called, whereupon
+the Legislature so enacted, and the election was held. In the year
+1903 the convention to frame a new Constitution assembled in the hall
+of the House of Delegates in the old Capitol in the city of Richmond.
+They were confronted with a great many intricate and difficult
+problems. First and foremost was the question as to the best manner to
+deal with the negro vote. Next in importance was the creation of the
+State Corporation Commission, or Railroad Supervision Act. Probably no
+member of that body deserves more credit for the establishment of this
+important branch of Virginia's judiciary system than Allen Caperton
+Braxton. By his logical reasoning and indefatigable energy was largely
+instrumental in having that great measure passed. There were many
+other salutary laws framed and incorporated in the fundamental body of
+the State; which has put the convention on record as having been one
+of the very best bodies of men ever assembled in Virginia for the
+important duty of forming the organic law of this old Commonwealth.
+The grand work accomplished by them will ever be duly appreciated
+until time shall be no more and forever ceases.
+
+A question of absorbing interest to all the people is the temperance
+issue. A large and influential portion of citizens advocate a
+State-wide or general prohibition law. The other portion oppose it
+strenuously. In the Assembly, or Legislature, an act called an
+Enabling Statute was introduced, which proposed to put before the
+voters the question whether they should choose for State-wide
+prohibition or not, and upon the verdict thus rendered it was to be
+returned to the Legislature at its next session for its final action,
+on the principle of the Initial and Referendum.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+
+The American people are upon the eve of a Presidential canvass and
+election. The issues are vital and most important and are clearly
+defined.
+
+Governor of New Jersey, the Honorable Woodrow Wilson, is at this
+writing--August, 1912--the chosen standard bearer of the Democracy,
+whose platform of nation-wide issues contain the soundest principles
+of a _true_ Republican form of government ever devised by mankind. The
+cardinal or main feature of it is the revision of the present tariff
+downward; in other words a reduction of the same down to a revenue
+basis.
+
+The present President, Honorable William H. Taft, is the nominee of
+the regular Republican party, which party platform advocates a high
+protective tariff, which has resulted in building up trusts in nearly
+everything and advancing greatly the costs of living.
+
+On the 5th day of November, 1912, the election will take place, when
+the people of the United States of North America will decide whether
+the theories of the Democracy or those of the Republican party shall
+be the best for their interests and national welfare. The lines are
+now clearly drawn and all good Virginians are deeply interested in the
+result of the great battle of ballots.
+
+To return in retrospect and compare the present with the past, the
+individual then sees the changes made by the passage of time. I well
+remember when Mr. Cyrus W. Field, the promoter of the Atlantic Cable,
+was considered a regular crank, or semi-lunatic, for such unpractical
+ideas as he advanced. Now nearly every part of the globe is connected
+by submarine cables. Take up the numerous inventions and discoveries
+of "Edison, the great wizard of electricity," and regard the chaining
+of lightning by man, making it a motive power, and an illuminator for
+dispelling the darkness of the past, as to its many uses for mankind.
+Take the railroad engines, which were a few years since small affairs,
+and the small and light wooden cars hauled by them, and contrast them
+with the palatial trains built of steel and the mammoth locomotives
+that now draw them on the heavy 100-pound rails at the rate of sixty
+miles per hour. Note the buildings in the great cities called
+"skyscrapers," which rise almost to the clouds, and the many other
+improvements in architectural steel structures, as the splendid
+bridges of that material that span large streams and bridge at dizzy
+heights ravines and mountain gorges. Fifty years ago the total
+population of Richmond was only about forty thousand souls, while
+today--1912--it is nearly one hundred and eighty thousand all told.
+
+Thus we see what tremendous changes are produced by the passage of
+"resistless time," which even the most far-sighted human being could
+hardly imagine or predict. Now who can safely foretell what may happen
+within the next half century? Nearly every day science is bringing to
+light marvelous inventions in the industrial world, and the swift
+strides in everything pertaining to the everyday life of the human
+family is most remarkable. Fearful accidents and awful calamities,
+destructive of life and property, follow each other almost equal to
+views of the kaleidoscope in suddenness and variety. Truly is this a
+wonderful period of the world's existence.
+
+A striking feature of the great commercial advance of the United
+States is its vast increase in the railroad connections, which now
+penetrate the remotest sections, bringing them into touch with all the
+large centres of trade and commerce. That great artery of business,
+the Union Pacific Railroad stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the
+great ocean on the west coast, the Pacific. And now, as I write, in
+but a short time hence the famous canal, the Panama, which will draw
+in the tides of the Atlantic and discharge them into the Pacific, for
+the first time in history, will be in operation, owing to the
+indomitable energy and skill of Americans. And also regard the
+wonderful achievements in the aerial world, the art of flying by
+men....
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+
+The individual views with wonder and almost awe the great events which
+the evolution of time has produced. If things are such in this, the
+twentieth century of the Christian era, what may the next one show
+forth to the eyes and imaginations of mortals? Can any person now
+living even speculate? There are a few who predict revelations in the
+invisible world, or the spiritual life, and who can say nay to it, in
+the light of discoveries and development of the present age? Time only
+can tell what the veil of the future now hides from human view.
+
+A prominent element of Richmond's professional status was its legal
+bar, as its lawyers comprised many of the ablest attorneys in the
+State. Among the most prominent ones of the ante-bellum period were
+Mr. James Lyons, Sr., Jno. M. Gregory, Raleigh T. Daniel, John Howard,
+Alexander H. Sands, Edward and Henry Cannon, Messrs. Johnson,
+Griswold, Claiborne, Howison, August, Randolph, Littleton, Tazewell,
+Marmaduke, Johnson and many others, who shed a lustre upon their
+distinguished profession of the law. The bar of Virginia has always
+ranked as the highest in the land, and not even excelled in ability by
+that of the old Mother Country, England. There were two lawyers who
+were conspicuous men for their homeliness. One was Mr. Joseph
+Carrington, of Richmond, the other was William Wallace Day, of
+Manchester, Va. A dispute having arisen as to which was the uglier of
+the two, and as it was very difficult to say which was, so the friends
+of each agreed to appoint a committee to decide the matter, and the
+one who was adjudged to be the uglier by it was to receive a prize of
+a fine penknife. The prize knife fell to the lot of Mr. Day as the
+successful contestant, and accordingly it was handed him as the award
+of _not beauty_, but of plain features at least, if not downright
+ugliness. Both of these worthy gentlemen were prominent and successful
+lawyers of the Richmond bar.
+
+The annexation to Richmond of the several adjacent towns has added
+greatly to the population and proved a decided benefit to each. The
+former city of Manchester, which was for a long time an independent
+corporation (even said to be older than Richmond as a town), was
+lately joined to its sister city over the James River and is now
+called Washington ward, or more properly speaking, "South Richmond."
+It is now rapidly advancing in prosperity and is also improving in
+appearance in streets and parks. Consolidation or merger of interests
+and cooperation seems to be the spirit of modern times and of the age
+of commerce and money-making.
+
+Before the war Richmond banks formed a very important element of its
+business equipment. The old Exchange Bank occupied the building at
+present the home of the First National, between Eleventh and Twelfth
+Streets on Main, but which last named one will soon be removed to its
+new home, southwest corner Main and Ninth Streets--nineteen stories
+high. Then comes next in rank the Farmers Bank, and then the Bank of
+Virginia, and the Bank of the Commonwealth. A good deal of banking was
+transacted by private bankers, such as C. W. Purcell & Co., Sutton,
+Enders & Co., Goddin, Harrison & Co. These were all first-class and
+model institutions in their line, and occupied a high place in the
+business world of the city.
+
+One of the unique characters in the State was the celebrated Parson
+Massie, as he was always called, though he was a full-fledged
+politician of the Readjuster period and was an efficient aid to
+General William Mahone. When the debt settlement was made, he returned
+to the Old Democratic fold. The "Parson" was truly one of the most
+plausible and eloquent speakers on the Hustings. No man in Virginia
+was more perfectly conversant with all the issues of the day, and
+there lived none who could "rattle" or disconcert him, for his
+extraordinary coolness and his undoubted courage always discomforted
+his opposers. He was elected and became the head of the whole school
+system of Virginia for many years.
+
+Among the military companies of the city was the old Richmond Light
+Infantry Blues, the organization of which dates back almost to
+Colonial times, and whose military record is as bright and efficient
+as a Damascus blade. It was commanded by officers whose memory will be
+revered and honored as long as time lasts. I can recall the names of
+some as Captains Bigger, Patton, O'Jennings, Wise, and its war
+captain, Levy. Since the War between the States, it has been
+reorganized and formed into a battalion of three companies. It still
+retains its former and ancient prestige gained in the past, and is
+justly regarded as one of the best military commands to be found
+anywhere. The personnel of this old crack corps is A No. 1. No higher
+class young men are enrolled in any companies. Next comes the old
+Richmond Grays, one of the best-drilled companies in the State. The
+material of which this was composed was unsurpassed in Richmond and
+its appearance on the streets always elicited special notice and
+praise.
+
+Then came the Young Guard of the Commonwealth, commanded by Captain
+John Richardson. This company always received praise for its soldierly
+bearing, for to see this body of young men marching in open order down
+Main Street was a sight well worth seeing.
+
+Then I mention Company F, which was commanded by Captain R. Milton
+Carey, which was another of Richmond's crack companies, being composed
+of the very elite of the city, and always reflected great credit on
+its native city. Then next I recall the Richmond Fayette Artillery,
+Captain Clopton, which was the only company of artillery in the city.
+
+Another prominent infantry company was the Walker Light Guards. This
+was organized by Captain Walker, but a short time before the war and
+it made a fine record during the war between the States, being
+considered one of the very best commands in the Fifteenth Virginia
+Regiment. A large and fine cavalry company called the Richmond Troop
+added much to the city's reputation for its military organization, as
+it was drilled and commanded by an ex-West Point graduate, Captain C.
+Q. Tompkins, who was a splendid officer and made his troop a model
+cavalry company.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+
+A striking evidence of the progress in Virginia of its agricultural
+progress is the extensive plant of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical
+Works. The main offices are in Richmond and the works are located near
+the city. The different fertilizers, which are varied and adapted to
+all important crops in the South, are distributed all over the country
+through its many agencies in all the largest cities. It is said that
+by the application of these to the soil, that two blades of grass will
+spring up where but one grew before. Thus causing almost worn out
+fields to put on a grass sward and then heavy crops of tobacco and
+other products. This beneficial aid to nature appeals to the farmers
+and encourages them to never despair, but to always resort to the
+excellent fertilizers which are made and adapted to each crop by the
+reliable Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company, and then his plantation
+will always yield a large and remunerative increase over its former
+productions.
+
+Among the pleasant and interesting customs of the past, was the
+regular habit of Virginians to gather together just before important
+elections and hold barbecues, which were always well-gotten up and
+carried out by a committee appointed for the purpose, who attended to
+the cooking; there was always a quarter of fat beef, and a whole
+mutton barbecued to a turn, and when dinner was announced the
+political speakers adjourned the meeting until the crowd had partaken
+generously of the meats and also of the good toddies furnished freely
+to the voters assembled on the festive occasion.
+
+And when dinner was all over, the orators would resume their pleas for
+votes. The last barbecue of this extensive sort that I remember
+attending was at the Drewry Mansion, near Manchester. It was a very
+delightful place for such a meeting of suffragans; it being a handsome
+dwelling in a beautiful grove of stately old oak trees, commanding
+from an eminence a magnificent view of the plantation and the winding
+James River below. Among the speakers on the occasion were George D.
+Wise and Richard Beirne, who pleased every man present and all
+returned home well satisfied with the whole outing.
+
+Among the well-known characters of Richmond was one George Dabney
+Wootton, who came here before the war and was employed by the South, a
+newspaper published by Mr. Roger A. Pryor, and when the paper was
+discontinued he scraped together a smattering of what he thought was
+law, and hung out his shingle at the police court. Many people
+credited him with having "rats" in his head. One thing is certain, the
+man possessed inordinate self-reliance, or "brass," as it is called.
+He advertised a good deal in the newspapers and a certain Western man,
+who read his "ads," came on to the city with a good fat case of law,
+involving a large amount of money, which he placed in Wootton's hands,
+but subsequently finding that it would not be safe under Dabney's
+skill, in other words he was not qualified to manage so large a case,
+he sent and offered him a nice sum of money if he would give up the
+matter, but the learned attorney declined to withdraw from the case,
+and said that he proposed to go through with it. His client then had
+to employ assistant counsel, and obtained the legal service of Col.
+James Lyons, one of the most eminent lawyers of the bar of Virginia.
+Of course that settled it so far as Mr. Wootton was concerned.
+
+I remember several years ago, when Mr. Isador Rayner, the United
+States Senator from Maryland, spoke at the Academy of Music, upon the
+subject of the tariff. Now, as a matter of fact, this is a generally
+dull subject, consisting of so much detail, and so many statistics and
+figures. But on this occasion it was quite the reverse of dull, for he
+discussed this intricate question in such an interesting manner that
+our attention was rivetted throughout the address, and every listener
+was charmed from the beginning to the finish. It was indeed one of the
+very finest speeches that I ever heard.
+
+A prominent and remarkable man was in his day, Mr. Joseph Mayo, who
+succeeded Mr. Lambert as the chief magistrate or mayor of Richmond; he
+was a good lawyer, indeed one of renown, and the author of the
+celebrated work called "Mayo's Guide," a book of high standing, and an
+authority at the bar for all legal forms used in the Richmond courts.
+At that time the Mayor performed the office of police judge, and well
+I do recall seeing him seated in his big chair with all the high
+dignity of a Roman senator; he was always dressed in a blue dress coat
+with brass buttons and ruffled shirtbosom. He dispensed even handed
+justice, and was a highly esteemed citizen of Richmond.
+
+When the army of Northern Virginia, under General Robert E. Lee, was
+fighting at Spotsylvania Courthouse; occurred the battle at New
+Market, between the Confederate forces under General Jno. C.
+Breckenridge, and those under the Northern General Siegel. When Grant
+withdrew his lines of battle General Lee marched on parallel lines to
+Grant's. We stopped at Hanover Junction and there sharp skirmishing
+took place. The railroad train conveying the cadets of the Virginia
+Military Institute stopped a short time, and I went on board and
+inquired if Cadet George Kennon Macon, my brother, was aboard the
+train, and the answer was, to my distress, that he was not, as he had
+been wounded in that celebrated charge of the cadets at New Market, in
+the Valley of Virginia, by a canister shot passing through his arm,
+and he had to be left behind under the care of those kind and skillful
+surgeons of the corps--Doctors George Ross, and Marshall. Captain
+Miles C. Macon, of the Fayette Artillery, my brother, also, was then
+just recovering from a spell of typhoid fever, which had prevented his
+being in the engagement at the front, went up to the valley and
+brought our wounded brother down to our mother's home in Richmond, and
+it is needless to say that everything that love and sympathy could
+suggest or inspire was employed to relieve his pain and hasten his
+recovery. He was the idol of the family, and his wound was attended to
+by that most skillful surgeon Doctor Petticolas. It was an ugly wound
+and he suffered from it to the day of his death.
+
+The brilliant charge of those young boys--cadets--at the severe fight
+of New Market, forms one of the brightest pages of military glory, and
+in all history there has never been its equal. Their steady, stoical
+bravery at the crisis of the battle, under circumstances and
+surroundings that staggered the old veterans. As these gallant youths
+moved across the field in the face of a withering fire of artillery
+concentrated on them, they were literally mowed down, but their ranks
+were filled up as coolly as if they were on parade, and they never
+faltered in their charge until they had captured the guns before them.
+This was, as often written, one of, if not the most striking
+achievements, of the great war between the States. Many have blamed
+the commandant of the institute, General Smith, for allowing the boys
+to be carried to the front, though he had no option in the matter; it
+was a case of emergency; of salvation to the army, and indeed of
+safety to the institute, and accordingly General Breckenridge called
+forth the corps, and they were eager for the fray, and proved their
+mettle.
+
+A gleaning of significance was: A certain lady was the fortunate
+possessor of two sons whose ages were respectively twelve and fourteen
+years; these boys were once invited to a juvenile party, their mother
+having provided them new roundabouts with plain brass buttons and
+trousers to match with well starched collars, their faces having been,
+of course, washed clean, and the chaps were well dressed and smart
+looking. Before parting with them, when they were leaving home for the
+entertainment, their mother, after carefully inspecting them, said,
+now boys you are both big fools, and now don't you open your mouths
+while at this party. The host of the entertainment came to them and
+complimented their behaviour and appearance, and inquired about their
+mother. The boys looked directly at one another, but remained as dumb
+as oysters in the shells. Their hostess fared no better, and received
+no satisfaction when she kindly inquired of them about their parent.
+As she left the boys she remarked, well those are certainly the
+greatest dunces that I have ever seen. They overheard her remark, and
+one of them said to the other brother, they have found us out. Let us
+go home. Those very boys afterwards developed into intelligent men. It
+was truly wrong in their parent to thus discourage her boys on their
+first start into society; she should have taken an optimistic view of
+the matter, as the final result proved, as they both grew up to be
+well informed members of society.
+
+A characteristic feature of the period of the time in which I am
+engaged writing, is the friendly relations now existing between the
+sections of the country; the North and the South. Nearly half a
+century has elapsed since the surrender at Appomattox. All the
+acrimony engendered by the late strife, has ceased. The bone of
+contention, the "Slavery Question," which once divided the States, no
+longer exists, and now we see the Southern girl marrying the Northern
+beau, and the Northern knight woos and weds the Southern heroine, and
+thus results a commingling of blood and interests.
+
+During the winter just preceding the great war between the States, a
+Miss Duryea, the daughter of Colonel Duryea, of New York, was making a
+visit to my brother-in-law and his family, Mr. Peyton Johnston, of
+Richmond, they being strong mutual friends. The colonel consented to
+her visiting in Richmond, and she was a very attractive young lady,
+and as I was at the time a young man, I was, to some extent, drawn to
+her. I well remember that she played a good game of single-hand
+euchre, and that we had many pleasant games together. She left for the
+North just before the beginning of the war. Her father commanded the
+Duryea Zouaves.
+
+A unique character of the city was one Captain John Freeman, who
+commanded one of the passenger boats between West Point, Va., and the
+City of Baltimore. He was a great epicure, and was noted for providing
+the best meals on his steamer of any one of the line, and passengers
+to and from Baltimore and Virginia deemed themselves fortunate when
+they found themselves his guests for the trip on the York River and
+the Chesapeake Bay route. The genial old sailor had, by good feeding,
+acquired a fine front of genuine aldermanic proportions. A certain man
+once approached him and remarked that he could give him a receipt
+which, if he would follow well, would reduce his stomach to its normal
+size within thirty days. The captain listened attentively to him, and
+then he replied, "My good friend, it has taken me about thirty-five
+years and several thousand dollars to obtain the generous front that I
+have, and now you come and tell me how to get rid of it in thirty days
+or so, after all my time and money has been spent in acquiring it.
+Now, my dear sir, I must most respectfully decline to make use of your
+receipt."
+
+During the war between the States a certain quartermaster with the
+rank of major, whose duty never took him outside Richmond in extremely
+hot weather, when the mercury in July ranged from ninety to
+ninety-five degrees, had a negro boy whose sole employment was to fan
+him and keep off the flies. Now, this worthy official of the Army of
+the Confederacy always thought himself to be one of the hardest worked
+men in the service. Peace to his ashes; he has long since "passed over
+to the other side of the river."
+
+A time of great interest to the Virginians in the past, was the
+exhibition of the annual State Fair, when almost every farmer and
+family came to Richmond during the month of October to attend it. They
+would put off until then to do the shopping and trading for the fall
+and winter. The city would then be thronged with the visitors from
+almost everywhere. All the hotels and boarding houses were then
+filled, and all hands bent upon seeing and being seen, would flock out
+to the Fair Grounds. At night the Mechanic's Institute was open and
+filled with machinery and mechanical products. The Fair Grounds were
+situated then at now the corner of Main and Belvedere Streets, which
+had been used during the war as Camp Lee. It is now the beautiful spot
+called Monroe Park.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+
+One of the most important insurance companies in the city is the
+Virginia Fire and Marine. This old and strong institution antedates
+the great war, and its officers were at one time as follows:
+President, Mr. Thomas Alfriend; secretary, W. L. Cowardin, who
+afterwards became the president. At this writing--the year
+1912--Colonel William H. Palmer is the president and Mr. W. H.
+McCarthy is the secretary. It has a corps of efficient clerks and its
+business is vast, and constantly increasing. The prestige and
+conservative mode of doing business of this model fire company,
+commend it to the confidence of the insuring public.
+
+A unique man of Chesterfield county was a certain Mr. W. B. C., who
+was considered the best set-back player in Manchester, and could play
+longer on a small capital, or "stake," than could be found anywhere.
+He took few chances in "bidding," but when he offered so many points
+for his hand, the board of players deemed it advisable to let him have
+all the points that he claimed, as he was sure in the end to score
+them all. He was a very genial, pleasant companion, and he was
+welcomed in a game.
+
+Many of the landmarks, in the matter of buildings, have been torn down
+and thus removed, and in their places more modern ones erected in
+Richmond. For instance, the old Swan Tavern, which stood on Broad
+between Eighth and Ninth Streets. In its day, before the war, it was a
+famous hostelry. It was there that the celebrated trial of the
+notorious Aaron Burr was held. Burr had been indicted by the federal
+court for high treason against the United States government, in
+attempting, by filibustering means, to inaugurate a separate
+government in the then new Southwestern States. Very able legal talent
+was engaged in this case, among whom was Mr. Jno. Wickham, Luther
+Martin and several others of national reputation. Chief Justice John
+Marshall presided at this trial. Mr. Burr was acquitted. He had been
+for several years an important figure in American politics and
+history, and had been a candidate for the nomination of the Federal or
+Whig party against Mr. Thomas Jefferson, the nominee of the
+Republican-Democratic party. In the election that fall there was a tie
+vote in the electoral college, and in consequence the election was
+thrown into the House of Representatives at Washington. The leader of
+the Federal party, Alexander Hamilton, gave the deciding vote which
+elected Mr. Jefferson as the President of the United States.
+
+This embittered Mr. Burr towards Mr. Hamilton, and he made a most
+severe personal attack upon him through the newspapers. This drew from
+Hamilton a challenge to mortal combat on the field of honor and
+resulted in the death of the latter by the bullet of Burr's pistol.
+
+Alexander Hamilton was considered by many as one of the greatest men
+of his time, and was the brains and leader of his party, then styled
+the Federal, or later the Whig party. His theory of government exists
+to this day and time.
+
+A prominent citizen was Mr. Jesse Wherry, a man of wit and humor, a
+good mimic and was a candidate at the time for Commissioner of
+Revenue, to succeed Parson Burton, who had died. During the canvass he
+attended a Methodist religious meeting and when the preacher offered
+up a long, earnest prayer, Wherry emphasized it by his approval in
+frequent and loud amens. A party out of spite informed the leaders of
+the meeting that Jesse was not only not a Methodist, but not even a
+member of any church whatever. This action came very near causing the
+defeat of Mr. Jesse Wherry for the office, for the whole meeting voted
+for his opponent. There once lived in Richmond a man by the name of
+Hicks, who kept a livery stable on South Tenth Street, between Main
+and Cary. He owned a fine female pointer dog named "Sue." She had a
+pedigree nearly a yard in length. The puppies he found a ready sale
+for at a good price. One day a party approached Hicks and said: "I
+wish you would give me one of her puppies." He replied: "You go to
+Major Doswell and ask him to give you one of Sue Washington's colts."
+"It costs the major a good deal of money to produce her colts,"
+exclaimed the party. "Don't you suppose it costs me something to
+obtain my thoroughbred puppies," was Mr. Hick's reply.
+
+I remember well the time when the last mortal remains of the great
+Confederate general, Stonewall Jackson, were brought to Richmond for
+interment. The body lay in state in the rotunda of the capitol and all
+who desired could view the corpse. There lay still in death, the man
+who had been the right-hand and arm of General Robert E. Lee, and but
+few, if any, who passed around his bier failed to shed tears of sorrow
+at the great calamity which the South sustained thereby. Upon a
+caisson was placed the casket and conveyed to Hollywood Cemetery.
+
+His faithful colored body-servant led the famous old sorrel horse that
+had carried him through so many battles. At the battle of
+Fredericksburg, General J. E. B. Stuart, with the aid of his servant,
+had provided the old horse with an entirely new equipment--new saddle
+and bridle--and when his men saw their general seated on his familiar
+old sorrel, bedecked and ornamented with the new trappings, they were
+utterly amazed at the improvement. His new uniform of Confederate
+grey, which had been procured for the general without his knowledge,
+became him well and was admired by all.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+
+In turning back a page of my life, my memory recalls several members
+of the 1st Howitzers, to which I belonged during the great war. One
+was Lieutenant John Nimmo, who joined in the year 1861, just before
+the company left Richmond for the front. He was living in New York
+when the war began, but returned to his native State, and joined us,
+being elected to a lieutenancy. His physique was remarkable, being
+very tall, and as slim as a fence rail almost, and with a long neck
+and mustaches as flowing as those of a "grenadier of the foot guards"
+of France. His individuality was marked, possessing a great fund of
+wit and humor, enlivened by a slight vein of sarcasm. He had read a
+good deal, and had also touched elbows with the great world, which
+rendered his conversation always very entertaining. His gallantry on
+the field of battle was conspicuous, being one of the coolest men in
+action that I ever saw. His memory is cherished highly by every
+surviving member of the company. He has long since passed to the
+"bourne whence no traveller returns," and rests on the other side of
+the river.
+
+A striking member of our company, "the 1st Howitzers," was Carey
+Eggleston. He was a long, gawky looking young soldier, and did not
+make a very good showing on dress parade, but just as soon as fight
+opened, and our guns were turned loose upon the enemy, his whole
+nature seemed to change with the excitement, and he seemed exhilarated
+with ardor of battle. At the battle of Spotsylvania Court House he was
+acting number one at the gun where I was number three, when a fragment
+of shell shattered his arm. Gangrene afterwards set in and caused his
+death. He was but a mere youth, only eighteen years old, and was the
+only one I ever knew that really loved fighting.
+
+Of some interest to many is the 7:32 A.M. accommodation train on the
+Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad from Ashland to
+Richmond. It conveys as passengers daily business and professional men
+to the city. A prominent characteristic of these travelers is the
+haste displayed by each in getting the morning's paper; indeed it
+seems that to secure one at all hazards and risks, the most desirable
+accomplishment in daily life, and then to quickly board the train and
+rush for a seat on the shady side--if it happens to be the summer
+season--while the less fortunate make out the best they can on the
+sunny side. The choice of seats, of course, is reversed in the winter
+time, when the sun is the favorite side. After obtaining his favorite
+seat the "newspaper fiend" draws his paper, folds, presses down its
+side in the most skillful way, and then holds its pages up to his
+eager gaze with the thrilling delight of what he gleans in its
+perusal. This folding and preparation of the journal is done with a
+peculiar expertness by the veteran news fiend, for instance, when he
+wishes to find the continuance of an article from one page to another,
+he will turn it over and rearrange it in a most adroit manner, that no
+amateur could perform; only the genuine newspaper fiend could
+accomplish such a result. He first folds the sheets into a quarto or
+folio size with the greatest finesse, and takes fresh hold reading.
+When you notice his lips quiver, he has come to something especially
+interesting; he becomes quite oblivious to all outside influences,
+being entirely absorbed in what he is enjoying in the columns of the
+news items. As a matter of fact he is not fond of books; a fine volume
+of literature is not varied enough for his tastes. The morning paper,
+fresh with news of the whole world, appears to him as a perfect
+kaleidoscope of reading matter, which he perfectly appreciates until
+the train reaches its destination.
+
+During the battles around Richmond, when the Federal army under
+General Geo. B. McClellan invested the city, one of the brightest
+pages in the history of the Confederate war was enacted. The noble
+women of the South by a concert of action, united in aiding the
+surgeons in alleviating the pain and suffering of the wounded. The
+whole seemed a veritable hospital. Even the churches were stripped of
+their cushions to be used therein for the comfort of those who were
+brought in from the front. The kind sympathy and cheering words of
+these devoted women caused many a wounded soldier to look and revere
+and thank his Creator that such ministering angels had been provided
+to sooth him and inspire hope in his weak and stricken body. This
+gracious and noble conduct of the women of the Confederacy forms one
+of the most valuable pages in the annals of the great war between the
+North and South. Many who took part in that memorable struggle and
+strenuous time have passed over the river that separates life from
+eternity, but their deeds and their memory will be cherished as long
+as time endures.
+
+A gleaning of some moment is the tearing down of the old Reuger
+building to give place to a new and more modern structure of ten
+stories. It will stand upon the site of the original house, on the
+corner of Ninth and Bank Streets, where it had stood for more than
+half a century as a restaurant and hotel. It is doubtful if any
+establishment of its kind ever dispensed better cheer in either liquor
+or substantial refreshments, than the "Reugers"--father, son and
+grandsons--served up to their many patrons. In the new hostelry there
+will be maintained the same high prestige hitherto enjoyed by the
+lovers of good fare in Richmond and vicinity.
+
+A prominent person in Richmond during the period "antebellum," was
+Captain Sam Freeman, who was the superintendent of Capitol Square and
+the public buildings within the same. It was he that introduced the
+squirrels on the grounds, and took a good deal of interest in and care
+of them, being his especial pets. After the close of the great war,
+the former office was merged in that of the Land office and
+Superintendent of Public Buildings.
+
+I recall a very high-toned gentleman, a first-class Virginian, who was
+waiting upon a very attractive lady, who was riding in a carriage with
+the window down. He being at the time on horseback, and drawing
+alongside the vehicle, he leaned over and remarked to her: "Miss Judy,
+I have a disagreeable duty to perform, namely, to court you." She very
+promptly replied: "Well, Colonel, if it is such a disagreeable task to
+you, I would advise you hot to perform it." But being so full of his
+subject, he continued his courtship, and, of course, was promptly
+discarded. She afterwards married another gentleman who was more
+tactful in his mode of courting her.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+
+An incident which I recall to memory was: There was a Mrs. R. C.
+Cabell, a sister of old General Wingfield Scott, one of the leaders of
+society in her day in Richmond. She drove to her carriage a fine pair
+of slick brown mules, well reached. It was swung on "C" shaped leather
+springs, and had steps which were unfolded for the occupants to
+descend or ascend. The seat of the coachman was perched high up in
+front, and altogether it was a truly unique turnout, which always
+attracted much notice. In general appearance it was quite similar to
+the vehicle exhibited in the wild west show of Buffalo Bill.
+
+A significant evidence of the great commercial development and advance
+in importance is proven by the establishment in Richmond of the office
+of Winston and Company, engineers and contractors. This eminent firm
+is composed of native Virginians, "to the manor-born," and their
+thorough knowledge of the profession places them in the front rank in
+this country, and by means of their skill and experience are able to
+handle the most intricate problems that may be submitted to them in
+both civil and mechanical engineering line. This distinguished firm of
+native Virginians now has under construction the contract with the
+City of New York, involving several millions of dollars, to
+concentrate and dam-up the waters of several streams in the Catskills,
+and then to convey by means of tunnels and aqueducts under the Hudson
+River many miles, for the purpose of adding to the supply of water for
+that centre of population.
+
+This is indeed a gigantic undertaking and is almost equal in
+importance to the country at large as is that of the Panama Canal, now
+being built by the United States government. This firm of Southern men
+has built important works for Boston, as well as that celebrated piece
+of work, the settling basins, for Richmond, which gives us such fine,
+clear water as we now enjoy.
+
+The prominent firm, the Messrs. T. W. Wood and Sons, seedsmen, is a
+business of large proportions. Its products are thus distributed
+throughout this State and the other Southern ones. Mr. Henry W. Wood,
+the head of the house, is a merchant of great capacity, who through
+his fine methods has built up the largest and most important seed
+business in his city, and furnishes the farmers of this State and
+elsewhere with a most important article of agriculture, to-wit: pure
+and well selected seeds. This eminent concern bears a striking
+evidence of the improvement which the evolution of the wheel of time
+has wrought.
+
+On the Ashland accommodation train one day there were seated two
+persons, whom we shall designate as Mr. T. and Mr. S. They were
+sitting on opposite sides of the aisle of the car and the latter had a
+horse that Mr. T. knew, and the conversation ranged on the subject of
+horseflesh, or rather their knowledge of the same, and incidentally
+Mr. S. said that he would take twenty-five dollars for his animal. Mr.
+T. at once produced the sum and handed it over to Mr. S., who took the
+money and dashed it down to the floor, exclaiming that he was only
+jesting and did not desire to sell his horse for the price stated. In
+reply Mr. T. said that it was a plain transaction with him, and that
+he claimed a delivery of the horse, to which demand Mr. S. demurred.
+The case was finally carried to the court of Hanover county, and was
+at last settled by awarding Mr. T. fifty dollars in lieu of the nag,
+which belonged to the firm of S. and H. This was one of the most
+remarkable cases ever on the docket of the Circuit Court of Hanover
+for many years.
+
+In the good old county of Goochland there lived two men who were
+neighbors and great friends, and as a matter of course took an
+interest in each other's welfare. They were in one respect totally
+different in character: The one was very neat and tidy in his attire;
+but his friend was quite the opposite, being careless in his dress and
+rather untidy in his appearance. As he was about to move to Richmond
+to reside, his friend kindly offered him some good advice. Said he:
+"Since you are going to a city to reside, where one's dress is more
+scrutinized than in the country, the first thing on reaching town go
+to O. H. Berry's Clothing House, corner Eleventh and Main Streets, and
+buy a fashionable cutaway suit of clothes. And then I would advise
+with your white shirt you wear a white necktie whenever an occasion
+offers, as it is the proper thing to do." He accordingly adopted his
+good friend's advice and then wrote as follows:
+
+"I have done as you suggested; went to O. H. Berry's elegant
+establishment, where I procured the latest shape in cutaway suits, but
+in regard to that white necktie, dear boy! I am constrained to say
+that from my observation here, they are, except by preachers, worn
+mostly by the barbers and colored waiters in the restaurants. Still,
+to please my good friend, I shall decorate my neck with one when
+occasion offers."
+
+Edward S. McCarthy was elected captain of the 1st Company of Richmond
+Howitzers at the reorganization on the Peninsular in 1862. He was
+possessed of a most decided personality; he was rather stout in
+figure, with a large, full face, piercing eyes, and in manner rather
+inclined to be reticent in speech; but he had a heart as large as a
+barn door, was sympathetic with all who needed a friend and as brave
+as Marshall Ney. Careful of his men under fire, never seeking his own
+protection, even under the most trying ordeal of a very severe fire
+from the enemy's guns, such was the character of Captain Edward S.
+McCarthy, the gallant commander of the 1st Company Richmond Howitzers,
+who was struck, at the second battle of Cold Harbor, by a minnie ball
+from the rifle of a sharp-shooter. The brave and noble soldier never
+uttered a word after the fatal ball entered his body. I was within
+three feet of him when he fell. No more gallant soul, no finer
+Virginian gentleman ever yielded up the ghost on the field of
+patriotism and duty than this Confederate warrior. What an awful thing
+is war; when such specimens of manhood may be immolated upon the red,
+gory altar of the God of War.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+
+During that heavy snowfall in the winter of 1858, the passenger train
+on the then called Virginia Central Railroad--now named the Chesapeake
+and Ohio--was stalled and completely held-up by a tremendous drift
+just opposite the well known farm, "Strawberry Hill," which is about
+six miles from Richmond. On the train, as a passenger, was a Mrs.
+Jones, a distinguished actress of that time, and there was also aboard
+the cars a Mr. Hugh Fry, of Richmond. The passengers all decided to
+leave the train and go up to the house for diversion or entertainment.
+
+Mrs. Jones found herself involved in a dilemma, as she had on but a
+very thin pair of shoes, whereupon Mr. Fry, with the gallantry of a
+Sir Walter Raleigh, came to her relief and took off the boots he was
+wearing and insisted on her using them. Then came up an unforeseen
+difficulty to be overcome; the legs of his boots were too small for
+the fair lady's understandings, whereupon Mr. Fry with his pen-knife
+slit the tops so that they went on smoothly and thus kept the feet of
+the fair wearer dry and quite comfortable.
+
+This incident of the antebellum days was regarded as one of the best
+displays of knight-errantry in the annals of the Old Dominion.
+
+One of the most pleasant and entertaining clubs in the 1st Company of
+the Richmond Howitzers was the card club. Nearly every game in Hoyle
+was played, but the most popular one was draw poker. We used corn
+grains for chips, and the antes were not very large in amount, as we
+were then receiving as pay only twelve dollars per month, and that at
+long intervals. When a player had not the cash to settle up with the
+game, he would give an order on next forthcoming pay, which was always
+honored. Some of the men became good poker players. Many of those who
+were then participants in the game of cards, as well as of "grim war,"
+have passed away to the other side of the great river of life.
+
+I recall some of the most pleasant times of army life, while we were
+encamped in winter quarters, in the enjoyment incident to a good game
+of "poker." They were as a rule genial, bright fellows, and good
+cannoneers as well, but always ready for the call to arms. We were
+then all young and hopeful; the survivors are now old and quite
+"unsteady on their pins." Their gait is slow, and many winters have
+frosted their once sunny locks.
+
+In the good town of Ashland, in Hanover county, Va., situated about
+sixteen miles north of Richmond, on The Richmond, Fredericksburg and
+Potomac Railway, is to be found one of the very prettiest towns in the
+South. This place enjoys the distinction of being the birthplace of
+the illustrious statesman, Henry Clay, called the "Great Commoner,"
+whose efforts in Congress postponed the dreadful strife between the
+sections for many years. It was he who uttered the lofty, patriotic
+words, "I would rather be right than be President." Ashland is not
+very far from Hanover Court House, where John Randolph and Patrick
+Henry, the renewed orator of the Revolution, locked horns in the trial
+of the famous Parson's tobacco case, in which the former, Mr.
+Randolph, came very near putting the great pleader "on the gridiron."
+The celebrated college at this place, named after two distinguished
+men, "Randolph-Macon," is one of the best and most prosperous
+institutions of learning in the State, with a corps of professors of
+ripest scholarship and thoroughly equipped for the respective chairs
+of instruction which they fill. The town has good water and excellent
+social advantages, being two most important elements for comfort and
+pleasure in any place of residence. The large, old forest trees, which
+still stand in their pristine grandeur in the streets and yards of
+Ashland, add much to its appearance and render it attractive. Many
+people come to this village to spend the summer months and enjoy the
+advantages it affords of country, pure air and also its nearness to
+the city. Mr. Robinson, who was one of the first presidents of the
+Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, took great interest in
+Ashland and did much to advance it in every respect. He established a
+fine, turfed race course and started many other improvements which
+have all now passed away and are only remembered by the elder members
+of the community. An attractive and well-kept hotel occupies a
+prominent position on the main street fronting the railroad, and is
+well patronized. So that taking into consideration all the
+conveniences and beauties of the town, it may well be called a
+desirable place for a home.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+
+The morning accommodation train on the Richmond, Fredericksburg and
+Potomac Railroad is, you may say, somewhat unique, since among its
+regular passengers or commuters from Ashland may be found almost every
+kind of human industry represented. For instance, there is the lawyer,
+and there the judge as well. The representative of the steam and
+marine navigation insurance. Also a representative of agricultural
+implements. The interests of the tiller of the soil are likewise well
+represented, and last, though not least, the grain and feed business
+has its agent here, with various other lines of commercial life well
+represented, all forming a most pleasant company of genial and
+sociable men. The conversation abounds in honest interchange of ideas,
+which are both instructive and entertaining. In these cases there are
+but little or no egotism indulged in, only a clear-cut discussion of
+questions and topics which are daily presented to everybody at this
+time. The daily morning and evening newspapers, which are full of all
+the stirring events of the day, being perused by all, and thus each
+and every man obtains therefrom plenty of information as food for a
+general diffusion of thoughts and ideas. Hence this train may be truly
+a unique one.
+
+An interesting incident was that of the independent fire department of
+Richmond in the days before the war. This consisted of several
+companies, between which there existed a considerable degree of
+rivalry. The engine and the reel, or hose carriage, were drawn by the
+men. Captain John Fry commanded number three engine. Captain Bargamin
+was chief of number one. As a matter of course where there was so much
+rivalry among them, at every fire there arose a contention as to which
+company was entitled to attach its hose to the nearest plug, and it
+generally resulted in a free fight between the two companies. Then
+fighting was only regarded as a sort of recreation or a manly sport.
+But time and the experience in the late war taught them to look upon
+it in an entirely different light. Such is the change of sentiment and
+morals produced by time and trouble.
+
+Our present splendid fire department, under the pay system, is one of
+the city's best assets, presents quite a contrast to the old days.
+With the new automobile fire engines, carrying hose, ladders, chemical
+apparatus and everything needed at a big fire, capable of throwing
+powerful streams of water, the fires of today do not reach often to
+conflagrations of the size as of yore. The whole system now works like
+a clock. And the employment of the best mechanical skill, in addition
+to the use of the motor power to supersede horse power, proves the
+rapid and great advance of modern conveniences as contrasted with the
+old-fashioned, hand-power machines.
+
+The people of the United States of North America at this time are
+confronted with many important and intricate problems of government
+for their solution. Indeed, we have reached a crisis in the political
+and commercial life of the country. At this writing, the fall of the
+year 1912, the country is on the eve of an important presidential
+election. Governor Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey, and Governor Thomas
+R. Marshall, of Indiana, head the Democratic ticket. Mr. Wm. H. Taft,
+the incumbent, is the nominee of the regular Republican Protection
+party; while Colonel Theodore Roosevelt is the leader of the third
+party of high tariffites, commonly termed the Bull Moose or National
+Progressives.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+
+The letter of acceptance of each of the candidates gives to some
+extent the policy of the administration that is advocated by them.
+There are some wrongs to remedy and some new measures to adjust and
+policies to inaugurate. In the meantime the people are looking with
+eager eyes at the contest and are anxious to know the final result in
+November as to which party will be successful and the kind of
+government that will rule them after, the 4th of March, 1913.
+
+An interesting history of by-gone days was that of the old James River
+and Kanawha Canal, which was in its day a very important means of
+transportation to all points situated in the valley of the James above
+Richmond to the westward. The State of Virginia, which built and owned
+it at the beginning of the war, sold it to the Richmond and Alleghany
+Railroad Company, which constructed a railroad on its bank known as
+the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. This road finally fell to the
+control of the Chesapeake and Ohio Company by purchase of its stock
+and bonds, and thus the use of that fine work as a means of transport
+became a thing of the past--too slow for the age of steam and
+electricity.
+
+A striking feature of Richmond during the war were the levees or
+social receptions held at the Governor's Mansion every Thursday night.
+They were largely attended by the citizens as well as by the soldiers
+that were passing through the city, affording a pleasant opportunity
+to the boys in grey to and from the front, to meet the fair ladies of
+the Confederacy, who lent their charming presence and society for the
+enjoyment of the officers and men, affording a very delightful
+recreation and change from the hardships and many privations of field
+duty.
+
+Colonel William Smith, nick-named Extra Billy while in Congress, was
+one of the bravest and most popular officers in the Army of Northern
+Virginia. His regiment had won distinction on many fields of battle.
+An election was held in the army and every man in all the Virginia
+regiments voted for him to be the Governor of Virginia, and it proved
+a wise selection, for his intense devotion to the cause of the
+Confederacy, as well as his conspicuous gallantry, endeared him to
+every one who wore the gray. Very well do I recall the occasion when
+the guests at the Mansion passed in review and gave him the
+compliments of the evening. His genial manners to all will long be
+remembered.
+
+Doctor Hunter McGuire, the medical director of Stonewall Jackson's
+corps, by his sympathetic manner and great skill as a surgeon, saved
+many a poor Confederate's life and also soothed his suffering body
+when tortured by wounds received in battle. He was the physician who
+attended his mortally wounded chief, after he was stricken down at
+Chancellorsville, by the accidental fire of his own men. All that
+could be done, he did to save his valuable life, but all was in vain,
+as pneumonia set in and the great soldier passed away, to the deepest
+sorrow and grief of the whole South. Doctor McGuire, after the war,
+settled in Richmond and established a very large and lucrative
+practice, gaining a national reputation as an eminent surgeon, his
+operations in the line of surgery being quoted all over the country
+for their skillful application of the principles of that great art.
+
+Doctor McGuire's great, tender heart was always open to the needs of
+the Confederate soldier, or to the aid of the "Lost Cause" in keeping
+alive in the memories the glories of those who fell in defense of
+their homes and families. His memory is still revered by the old and
+the young for his many noble traits of character and his deeds as a
+citizen and physician.
+
+A man by the name of Robert Jennings was a sergeant in the 9th
+Pennsylvania Cavalry, and when his regiment was passing through the
+county of Matthews, during the war, he was so much pleased with the
+surroundings that he said if he came out of the conflict unharmed, he
+would buy a farm there, and as he was fortunate enough to survive,
+both sound and well, and being the possessor of a snug sum of ready
+money, he carried out his intentions by purchasing a nice home and
+launched out in the very laudable occupation of tilling the soil.
+"Colonel Bob," as he was called, being of a genial nature, attended
+court at the county seat every court day, his object in so doing was
+to become well acquainted with the citizens, and being a man of means
+and of a liberal disposition, he treated, or "set up" drinks and
+cigars to the people very freely. He began by ordering the best to be
+had, such as fifteen-cent drinks in thin glasses and Henry Clay
+regalia cigars, and consequently became exceedingly popular, indeed
+was one of the most popular men in Matthews county, on account of his
+liberality and frequent attendance on court day. His farm and affairs
+were neglected, which compelled him to mortgage his property and was
+thus reduced to the necessity of ordering ten-cent drinks and cheaper
+cigars. So they, from calling him "Colonel," changed his title to
+"Major Bob," and as he still neglected his farm and its management,
+and was again forced by lack of money to put a second deed of trust on
+his farm, he was now reduced to the rank of "Captain Bob." He then
+reduced the cost of his drinks down to "shorts," or five-cent drams,
+and stogies for smokes. Well, finally things went from bad to worse,
+and Captain Bob had to place a third deed or mortgage on his place,
+and then it went into the hands of the trustee and was advertised for
+sale. A man from Minnesota came and said that he liked the place and
+also liked the people, as they were in general simple-minded, honest
+folks, he would send his son down in the winter and he would come in
+the summer.
+
+"Bob," for they now only called him plain "Bob," overheard the man say
+"a simple-minded people," remarked: "Well, that is what I thought a
+few years ago, when I first came down here, with about seventy-five
+thousand dollars, and now I haven't got money enough left to pay my
+steamboat fare to the city of Norfolk"; and whatever afterwards became
+of Mr. Robert Jennings I do not know.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+
+When General McClellan advanced up the peninsular formed by the James
+and York Rivers, from Yorktown and Old Point Comfort, and laid siege
+to Richmond in the spring of the year 1862, the Federal gunboats
+steamed up the James River and attempted to pass by the Confederate
+fortifications at Drewry's Bluff, called "Fort Darling" by the
+Federals, and then began a fierce artillery duel between them. At the
+crisis of the battle the principal gun, a thirty pounder, was thrown
+from its trunions, and by the skill and coolness at this critical
+juncture of Major Jno. G. Clarke, the engineer in charge, it was
+safely remounted and the enemy's fleet repulsed, thus saving the city
+from bombardment. Major Clarke was promoted to the rank of colonel of
+the engineer corps, and was at the battle of Gettysburg, where he
+directed and superintended the placing of the pontoon bridges at
+"Falling Waters" for General Lee's army to pass over after the fight.
+He was then promoted again to be full colonel of engineers. Upon the
+death of Colonel Harris he was put in command of Charleston, S. C.
+
+During the important period of history known as "Reconstruction,"
+General Canby sent one of his aides, a Lieutenant Terfew, to the
+county of Henry, in order to reduce the population to terms. The
+county seat was his destination and court was in session when he
+arrived and at the mid-day recess. This officer, upon dismounting,
+very warm and dusty, it being the latter part of June, found a large
+number of citizens assembled in front of the hotel, to whom he stated,
+that by order of General Canby, he was there to reconstruct the county
+and to inaugurate amicable relations between the government at
+Richmond and the good people of the county and thus prevent friction.
+The crowd present selected as their spokesman an old justice of the
+peace, and accordingly addressed the officer in these words:
+
+"Lieutenant Terfew, sir: Any one coming to the good old county of
+Henry with such good credentials as you bear, to-wit: The sword in one
+hand and the olive branch in the other, a slight or any discourtesy
+extended or offered you will be regarded by each one of us as an
+affront individually, and will be resented and treated as it
+deserves." After this the lieutenant inquired if he could procure any
+refreshment, whereupon the landlord stepped forward and said: "Oh,
+yes, just follow." The officer then invited the whole party to join
+him in a sociable drink. Eleven of them accepted; among them was the
+justice who had replied. They walked up the passageway, then faced to
+the right and then front-faced to the counter at the bar and each
+called for what he wished. Each one took apple brandy. Then he
+remarked: "Gentlemen, as I am tired and thirsty, I wish to repeat,
+won't you all again join me." Upon this the old justice spoke up thus:
+"Now, lieutenant, we will repeat, but not at your expense. Landlord,
+just chalk the last drinks down to me." As they were filing out of the
+bar the landlord beckoned to the lieutenant and asked him who was
+going to pay for those last drinks. "That old fellow has been playing
+that trick on me for the last five years," he said. The result was
+that the officer was successful in fully reconstructing the county.
+
+Just before the close of the war a foraging squad of Federal cavalry,
+under the command of Lieutenant Rowland Wood, was sent out and reached
+the fine, old colonial residence of a Mrs. Swann, whose plantation was
+well stocked and in fair condition, as in fact many places had not
+suffered from the visits of the foragers and prowlers of either army.
+Indeed this was one of the fortunate ones. It was named "Meadow
+Brook," and was truly a very fine estate. The ladies of the mansion
+used an old-fashioned knocker on the front door; and Miss Ida Swann
+answered the front door. The officer was struck as soon as she
+appeared, as he recognized in her the same young lady that he had
+known and greatly admired before the war. She was the ideal Virginian
+girl, high spirited and loyal to the South, with an independent
+bearing, a characteristic of the well-bred country maiden. She was
+fond of out-door life and exercises, like Diana Vernon, so beautifully
+described by Sir Walter Scott in one of his novels. The Federal
+officer stated his errand in the most polite way, of course, which was
+to some extent a matter of embarrassment to him under the
+circumstances, and after having made an inspection and found that
+there was comparatively nothing on the premises which would be of any
+value to the cavalry service, he came across her own riding horse,
+which he decided was too delicate to bear a trooper. So he returned to
+camp, having done nothing injurious to the place. It happened this was
+near the close of the war, and shortly afterwards the Southern army
+surrendered at Appomattox to General U. S. Grant. Then the lieutenant
+cast aside his uniform and donned a citizen's suit, and after things
+had quieted down, he concluded to make a friendly visit to "Meadow
+Brook," where he found Miss Swann in the bloom of health and buoyant
+spirits. And by his manly and straight-forward course of conduct, he
+gradually regained his former position in her esteem and by degrees
+the old flame of affection was rekindled, and in the old church
+near-by they stood before the altar and plighted their mutual troth
+and vows and were made man and wife by the sacred rites of matrimony.
+Their life has been, and is now, one of connubial bliss and
+contentment with their lot, because of the pure love and congeniality
+existing between them.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+
+In this, the first decade of the twentieth century, we find new
+conditions confronting the people called by many in the political
+sense, "Progressive." There are many conditions in both the commercial
+and political orders of the time which are deemed by the leaders to
+need a change. For instance, the control of cities through new
+municipal legislation, and a Board of Control, or Administration. In
+the national affairs: The election of Senators by the direct vote of
+the people, and by the means of primary elections in the States in the
+nomination of candidates for the Presidency, instead of the old modes
+of by conventions and legislatures. Time will surely prove whether the
+changes called for, and now inaugurated in some cities and States,
+will be any improvement over the former system.
+
+We are now living in an age of decided change and advances. Everything
+that conduces to the progress and betterment of society, in its
+general sense, ought to be given a trial in order that the masses of
+citizens may be uplifted and conditions of living be ameliorated and
+advanced, both physically and morally.
+
+It has been asserted that the Confederate soldier was addicted to the
+evil habit of emphasizing his ordinary conversation in a manner of
+speech not admissable in a Sunday school room. As a matter of fact a
+great many of the hardest fighters and most gallant commanders were
+real profane men, that seemed to believe that an order accompanied by
+an oath would be executed with more dispatch than if not so given.
+Many soldiers were kept from using oaths before a battle on account of
+the penalty accruing from breaking the Third Commandment, to-wit:
+"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain, for the
+Lord will not hold him guiltless, that taketh his name in vain." I do
+not think there was more swearing among soldiers than there was before
+the war. To say the least, the habit is very vulgar and unrefined,
+aside from its wickedness, and should never be taught children; yet
+there have been occasions when an oath seemed to give an order more
+effect and vim; still it is not advisable and should be only, if at
+all, used seldom in any company, but such is the frailty of human
+nature that soldiers are prone to do that which they ought not to do.
+I am opposed to cursing, and think it ought never to be resorted to if
+possible to avoid it. The human family, if it tries hard so to do, can
+abstain from the habit, and they can accustom themselves to speak
+without violating the commandment of God.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+
+Years ago there settled in the county of Hanover a Mr. James Ames and
+Jane, his wife. They were very industrious, thrifty citizens. He had
+purchased his farm through a real estate firm of Richmond, on the
+terms of three equal payments. He paid promptly the first two, but six
+months before the third one fell due, he found himself confronted with
+unforeseen conditions: There had been a long, distressing drought,
+which had cut short his crops, and one of his mules had broken his
+leg, so that altogether he was in a sad state of mind. The third and
+last installment on his farm was nearly due and his wife, who was a
+sensible and practical woman, said to him, now let me see if I can
+assist in this difficulty, to which he assented. Accordingly she went
+to Richmond to the firm from which the farm was bought, with that
+native dignity inherent to the country lady, and asked to see the head
+of the firm, and was told that he was not in, being detained at his
+home on account of sickness in his family, upon which she obtained the
+address of his residence, where she went, and finding him, stated her
+business. He told her that he was quite unfit to attend to any kind of
+business by reason of his distress; whereupon she told him that she
+was a skillful nurse, and that if he so desired it, she would remain
+over in town a few days and would assist in nursing his sick family
+that was suffering with measles, requiring constant, careful nursing.
+Under her efficient attentions and skillful nursing they were finally
+restored to health and to their normal condition. So he rode down to
+his office with Mrs. Ames, and asking for the deed he marked the
+balance due paid in full. It thus resulted that James obtained a clear
+title to his farm through the cleverness of his good wife. Now what is
+it that a good smart woman cannot accomplish?
+
+A prominent, burning question of the day and time is that of woman
+suffrage, and why not give them the right to vote? This is a day of
+progress and change, and the right of females to exercise the
+privilege of suffrage should be freely accorded the sex which has
+really had a controlling influence in the affairs of mankind since the
+day of Adam and Eve. Did she not, by means of her persuasive
+arguments, induce, through mother Eve, the father of men, Adam, to eat
+of the forbidden fruit? Woman has always been a beacon light to man in
+guiding him in the paths of right and duty.
+
+Yes, indeed, there are many worse things in human economy than woman
+suffrage. So it is to be hoped that the next General Assembly of
+Virginia may accede to the petitions presented them in advancing the
+cause of equal suffrage. Woman is now the great propelling force of
+the present age of political economy. They have always exercised the
+right to vote, I believe, in choosing vestrymen of the church, and in
+some school matters in some cities, and so why not give them the right
+to participate in regular elections of State and municipal officers?
+It is the inherent right or privilege of the sex to do as she pleases
+or deserves, and there should be no law to prevent her exercising her
+own sweet will in such matters. I believe women are possessed of as
+much intelligence as men are, and in some respects they have more,
+hence they should not be debarred from the polls in the general
+elections of those who are to represent them, as well as men, in the
+administration of everyday affairs. I should like to be a registrar of
+precinct which numbered a large proportion of suffragettes. I would
+not challenge the vote of a single one.
+
+The Howitzer Association is formed of the surviving members of the
+three companies, the first, the second and third. It has a reunion and
+banquet on each thirteenth day of December, which is the anniversary
+of the battle of Fredericksburg. A good supper is spread on that night
+and many recollections of the great war are recalled and renewal of
+fellowship and general intercourse is enjoyed, which cements the
+attachments between each of the survivors of the three companies.
+Alas! How sad to realize that so many of your comrades have passed
+away.
+
+In the voyage of life you sometimes meet persons, who say that they
+wish to banish all reminder of the great war between the States, or as
+we say, the Confederacy. Such people it might be properly asked, did
+they fight so hard, and were they so zealous that they dislike to
+revert to their prowess on the field of battle? Or did they shirk
+their duty to their country so very adroitly that they hate to be
+reminded of it? The true soldier of the Confederacy, the gallant boy
+who shouldered a musket at the call to defend his home and fireside,
+and who faithfully performed his duty, whether as a private or as an
+officer, should have no desire to entirely wipe out of memory that
+eventful period in his own history, and of his country that awful time
+which tested the metal of which men were made, but he should wish
+rather to have a full and correct account of that great conflict given
+to the present and the future generations.
+
+The majority of the survivors of the Confederate armies do not believe
+that they ought to forget or erase from their minds all memory of the
+battles of Sharpsburg or Antietam, of Spotsylvania Court House, of
+Gettysburg, or of Chickamauga and Shiloh. I am at a loss to comprehend
+from what basis these tender-nerved Confederates reason, and I reflect
+that fortunately there exists but a few such among those who "wore the
+gray."
+
+In the days by-gone there lived in Richmond a prominent dealer in
+horses and mules by the name of Benjamin Green, whose early career
+began as a contractor, having built the bridge over the James River
+for the railroad to Petersburg. His establishment was the largest
+enterprise in the livestock line in Virginia. It was generally
+conceded that any one who was so unfortunate as to have a transaction
+with him was certain to be worsted, or at least to get the small end
+of the trade. His intercourse with the farmers was very extensive and
+it was said that any man who purchased an animal and threw himself
+upon Green's honor in the transaction, never failed to obtain a fair,
+square deal. In the other hand, if the purchaser relied upon his own
+judgment of an animal he was very apt to get the worst of the bargain.
+Ben Green was a smooth talker and a keen, first-class salesman. His
+residence was a beautiful place about two or three miles west of the
+city on the Broad Street Road, where he entertained his guests in a
+sumptuous manner, and was looked upon as one of the most remarkable
+men in the State.
+
+Colonel Richard Adams was a prominent citizen of Richmond and was at
+one time appointed high sheriff of Henrico county. At that time the
+office was one of dignity and emolument, and it was one that was
+frequently sublet to a second party, and such was the case with
+Colonel Adams. He then boarded at the old Exchange Hotel when it was
+kept by Colonel Boykin, he was a widower, being left with three
+children at his wife's death. One of the latter was Mary Adams, who
+married General George Randolph; another one, Catherine Adams, who
+died while attending the school conducted by Mr. Le Febre, and a son
+by the name of Samuel Adams, comprised his family. He was a life-long
+friend of my father and his family and was a regular visitor of the
+same. He was a great epicure and if any one knew what was good in the
+way of living and the proper way to cook a choice cut of meat, he was
+that man. When we lived in the country he often came out, and would
+always forestall his coming by sending us a nice leg of mutton or
+lamb, a nice tenderloin of beef, a roast of beef or a fine piece of
+sturgeon. My mother, who was noted for her good housekeeping, always
+directed the cooking of the particular dish which he sent out to us.
+When it was placed upon the table, hot and juicy, the old gentleman
+would exclaim that, "It is cooked and served up to a dot, it could not
+be improved."
+
+Colonel Adams was not what is known as a gourmand, but a high-toned
+Virginian gentleman, who preferred the best meats to be obtained in
+the markets, and prepared for the table in a manner that would cause
+the smiles and approval of epicures. One day he was dining with a
+friend whose custom was to invite his guest to join him in a toddy
+before the dinner was announced. Well, as the gentlemen were standing
+in front of the sideboard, their drinks were made of fine old Clemmer
+Whiskey, five years old, oily and fragrant. Holding their glasses in
+their hands, Mr. J---- commenced to tell an anecdote, but the suspense
+becoming too great, the Colonel appealed to him to jump over the bars,
+and not wait to pull them down, in other words to raze his story so as
+to proceed with their drinking, which would serve to whet their
+appetites for the good dinner awaiting their presence.
+
+The First Baptist Church, which is situated on the corner of Broad and
+Twelfth Streets, is one of the oldest ones in the City of Richmond. It
+stands on the same ground it was built on nearly a century ago. Its
+pulpit has been occupied by the most distinguished divines in the
+Baptist denomination, such, for instance, as Doctor Broaddus, whose
+reputation as a pulpit orator has rarely, if ever, been excelled,
+Doctor Lansing Burrows, who was its pastor during the great war of
+1861 to 1865 and after the same Doctor Cooper, whose ministration as
+its pastor is held in kindest reverence and esteem by all who were
+fortunate enough to be under his pastorate charge.
+
+This congregation is now served by one of the most gifted clergymen in
+the church to which he belongs, but also one of the most eloquent
+pulpit orators in the South, namely, Doctor G. W. McDaniel. Were all
+the reminiscences of this sacred and strong edifice written up in full
+it would fill a volume.
+
+A prominent representative of the female element of Richmond society
+previous to the war was Mrs. Cora Ritchie Mowatt, a leader in the best
+social circles. She was formerly an actress of distinction and of
+excellent reputation. She had considerable literary ability and had
+written a history of her life as an actress, entitled "An
+Autobiography of An Actress." She afterwards married William F.
+Ritchie, the editor of The Enquirer, the organ of the Democratic party
+of the State of Virginia. This talented and popular lady was truly a
+"beacon light" of the social and fashionable society of the time.
+
+
+
+
+A GLEANING OF HISTORY.
+
+
+After the war the present or junior company of Richmond Howitzers was
+organized or formed. It is well officered, Captain Myers being its
+commander, Lieutenant Pollard, first lieutenant, and Lieutenant Reese,
+second lieutenant. Its commanders are young men of the first character
+and material. The corps de esprit of the company is the highest order.
+It has the advantage over the old company, in as much as its battery
+and equipment is of the very latest or advanced excellence of modern
+ordinance. It is an ornament to the military organization of the State
+and city, and no doubt may be entertained that whenever an opportunity
+is offered it will sustain the prestige of the old company. I do not
+intend to say that the 1st, 2d and 3d companies of Howitzers were
+superior to other artillery companies in the Army of Northern
+Virginia, yet I do say that they were never placed in position in any
+line of battle that they did not hold it until ordered out. The young
+company is composed of the same kind of material, hence it may be
+safely asserted that the junior organization will perpetuate the name
+and prestige of the old company. At the reunion of the Howitzers
+Association, on the 13th of December, the junior company are always
+welcomed guests.
+
+From 1861 to 1862 the army of the Confederacy was under the control of
+the several States composing the Confederacy on the peninsula. A
+reorganization of the army occurred and the troops of the separate
+States were turned over to the Confederate government and enlisted for
+the war. New officers were elected and an entire change made in
+reforming the Confederate Army. The name was then changed from Army of
+the Potomac to Army of Northern Virginia.
+
+One of the most unique men Virginia ever produced was Captain George
+Randolph, who was Secretary of War of the Confederate States. He
+organized the First Company of Richmond Howitzers; he had been in some
+way connected with the United States Navy and he conceived the idea of
+equipping the company with boat Howitzers with a long trail attached
+to the piece and drawn by the cannoneers. This plan was abandoned and
+the pieces were mounted on light carriages and drawn by two horses.
+Captain Randolph was a lineal descendant of Thomas Jefferson and a man
+of striking personality; in physique he was tall and slender, with
+high cheek bones, with an eye as clear seeing as an eagle. In social
+intercourse he was rather reticent, though true as steel; he was a
+Democrat and ardent advocate of the rights of the South. At this time
+no Democrat received any political preferment in Richmond, yet when
+they were casting around for the ablest and best men to send to the
+Secession Convention party lines were ignored and he was elected a
+member, and a wise choice it was. His speeches and debates were among
+the ablest, emanating from that group of forensic and intellectual
+giants. Upon the secession of Virginia he donned his artillery uniform
+and concentrated all his force and energy in organizing the Howitzers
+Battalion consisting of the first, second and third companies. He was
+made Major. John C. Shields, captain 1st Company; J. Thompson Brown,
+captain 2d Company; Robert Standard, captain 3d Company. Major
+Randolph, with second and third companies was sent to the peninsula
+under General McGruder. The first company was sent to Manassas under
+General Beauregard, thus forming a part of the army of the Potomac.
+
+After the lapse of time Mr. Davis realizing the brilliant qualities of
+Major Randolph, appointed him Secretary of War. Yet the ailment that
+he had long suffered with caused him to resign and in quest of
+alleviation of his suffering he took passage on a blockade runner and
+died abroad. Mr. Seddon succeeded him as Secretary of War of the
+Confederate States. General Randolph's name is held in high esteem by
+all who admire a high type of manhood and knightly bearing.
+
+Captain Meriweather Lewis Anderson was mustered into the service of
+the State of Virginia at the commencement of the Confederate War as
+orderly sergeant of the First Company of Richmond Howitzers.
+Subsequently he was elected lieutenant when Captain E. S. McCarthy was
+killed at second Cold Harbor. He, by seniority of rank, became captain
+of the company. No braver officer ever buckled saber around his waist
+than this gallant Confederate soldier. He was with the company in
+nearly every battle it engaged or participated in.
+
+The record that Captain Anderson left is bright as the finest damascus
+blade. He has passed to the other side of the river, and may his
+memory be cherished by all who honor indomitable courage and devotion
+to the lost cause.
+
+During the war my company, the First Howitzers Camp, was surrounded by
+infantry regiments; it was in the fall of the year hostilities had
+ceased, so a couple of cannoneers and myself took a walk for
+recreation and to see what was going on. We came to an infantry
+regiment going through dress parade. It was a novel sight. The colonel
+had an old cavalry sword attached to a surcingle thrown over his
+shoulders. The officers wore similar side arms. The adjutant used a
+ram-rod for a sword; he formed the regiment and presented it to the
+colonel. The company officers marched forward and gave the customary
+salute when the colonel put the regiment through a few evolutions and
+disbanded. It was one of the best fighting regiments in the army, yet
+paid little attention to the formula of show on dress parade, but when
+charging the enemy or holding their position in line of battle they
+were all right.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Life Gleanings, by T. J. Macon
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