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+text-align: right; +color: white; +font-size: 1px; +} +.xd20e2182 +{ +background: url(images/initial-e.gif) no-repeat top left; +} +.xd20e2182init +{ +float: left; +width: 82px; +height: 132px; +background: url(images/initial-e.gif) no-repeat; +text-align: right; +color: white; +font-size: 1px; +} +.xd20e4315 +{ +background: url(images/initial-s.gif) no-repeat top left; +} +.xd20e4315init +{ +float: left; +width: 82px; +height: 132px; +background: url(images/initial-s.gif) no-repeat; +text-align: right; +color: white; +font-size: 1px; +} +.xd20e4453 +{ +text-align:center; +} +</style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Aw-Aw-Tam Indian Nights, by J. William Lloyd + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Aw-Aw-Tam Indian Nights + Being the myths and legends of the Pimas of Arizona + +Author: J. William Lloyd + +Translator: Edward Hubert Wood + +Release Date: November 20, 2011 [EBook #38064] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AW-AW-TAM INDIAN NIGHTS *** + + + + +Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net/ for Project +Gutenberg (This file was produced from images generously +made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<div class="front"> +<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first"></p> +<div class="figure xd20e113width"><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt= +"Original Front Cover." width="456" height="720"></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="div1 titlepage"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first"></p> +<div class="figure xd20e119width"><img src="images/titlepage.gif" alt= +"Original Title Page." width="465" height="720"></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="titlePage"> +<div class="docTitle"> +<div class="mainTitle">Aw-aw-tam Indian Nights</div> +<div class="subTitle">Being</div> +<div class="mainTitle"></div> +<div class="subTitle">The Myths and Legends of the Pimas of +Arizona</div> +</div> +<div class="byline">As received by<br> +<span class="docAuthor">J. William Lloyd</span><br> +From <span class="docAuthor">Comalk-Hawk-Kih (Thin Buckskin)</span><br> +Thru the interpretation of<br> +<span class="docAuthor">Edward Hubert Wood</span></div> +<div class="docImprint"><i>Price $1.50 Postpaid</i><br> +The Lloyd Group, Westfield, N. J.</div> +</div> +<div class="div1 copyright"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first xd20e160">Copyright, 1911, by John William Lloyd</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="div1 certification xd20e163"><span class= +"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first dateline"><i>January 20th, 1904.</i></p> +<p><i>This is to certify that the myths and legends <span class="corr" +id="xd20e171" title="Source: ot">of</span> the Pimas derived by J. +William Lloyd from my granduncle, Thin Buckskin, thru my +interpretation, are correct and genuine to the best of my ability to +interpret them.</i></p> +<p class="signed"><i>Edward H. Wood</i>,<br> +(Pima Indian)</p> +<p class="address">Sacaton, Arizona.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first"></p> +<div class="figure xd20e186width"><img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" +alt="Comalk-Hawkih (thin Buckskin)" width="369" height="511"> +<p class="figureHead">Comalk-Hawkih (thin Buckskin)</p> +<p class="first">The old Seeneeyawkum</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb1" href="#pb1" name= +"pb1">1</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="intro" class="div1 introduction"><span class= +"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e194" class="main">The Story of these Stories</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e196"><span class="xd20e196init">W</span>hen I was at the +Pan-American Fair, at Buffalo, in July, 1901, I one day strolled into +the Bazaar and drifted naturally to the section where Indian curios +were displayed for sale by J. W. Benham. Behind the counter, as +salesman, stood a young Indian, whose frank, intelligent, good-natured +face at once attracted me. Finding me interested in Indian art, he +courteously invited me behind the counter and spent an hour or more in +explaining the mysteries of baskets and blankets.</p> +<p>How small seeds are! From that interview came everything that is in +this book.</p> +<p>Several times I repeated my visits to my Indian friend, and when I +had left Buffalo I had learned that his name was Edward Hubert Wood, +and that he was a full-blooded Pima, educated at Albuquerque, New +Mexico.</p> +<p>Afterward we came into a pleasant correspondence, and so I came to +know that one of my Indian friend’s dreams was that he should be +the means of the preservation of the ancient tales of his people. He +had a grand-uncle, Comalk-Hawk-Kih, or Thin Buckskin, who was a +<i>see-nee-yaw-kum</i>, or professional traditionalist, who knew all +the ancient stories, but who had no successor, and with whose death the +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb2" href="#pb2" name= +"pb2">2</a>]</span>stories would disappear. He did not feel himself +equal to putting these traditions into good English, and so did not +quite know what to do.</p> +<p>We discussed this matter in letters; and finally it was decided that +I should visit the Gila River Reservation, in Arizona, where the Pimas +were, and get the myths from the old <i>seeneeyawkum</i> in person, and +that Mr. Wood should return home from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, where he +was teaching carpentry to the Pai-utes, and be my host and +interpreter.</p> +<p>So, on the morning of July 31st, 1903, I stepped from a train at +Casa Grande, Arizona, and found myself in the desert land of which I +had so long dreamed. I had expected Mr. Wood to meet me there, but he +was not at the station and therefore I took passage with the Irish +mail-carrier whose stage was in daily transit between Casa Grande and +Sacaton, the Agency village of the Pima Reservation.</p> +<p>We had driven perhaps half the distance, and my Irish friend was +beguiling the tedium by an interminable series of highly spiced yarns, +calculated to flabbergast the tenderfoot, when my anxious eyes +discerned in the distance the oncoming of a neat little open buggy, +drawn by two pretty ponies, one of which was a <i>pinto</i>, and in +which sat Mr. Wood. Just imagine: It was the last day of July, a +blazing morning in the open desert, with the temperature soaring +somewhere between 100 and 120 degrees, yet here was my <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb3" href="#pb3" name="pb3">3</a>]</span>Indian +friend, doubtless to do me honor, arrayed in a +“pepper-and-salt” suit, complete with underclothes; vest +buttoned up; collar and necktie, goggles and buckskin driving gloves. +And this in an open buggy, while the Irishman and I, under our tilt, +were stripped to our shirts, with sleeves rolled above elbows, and +swigging water, ever and anon, from an enormous canteen swathed in wet +flannel to keep it cool. Truly Mr. Wood had not intended that I should +take him for an uncivilized Indian, if clothes could give the lie; but +the face was the same kindly one of my “Brother Ed,” and it +did not take me long to greet him and transfer myself to his care.</p> +<p>We came to Sacaton (which Ed said was a Mexican name meaning +“much tall grass”—reminding me that Emory, of the +“Army of the West,” who found the Pimas in 1846, reported +finding fine meadows there—but which the Pimas call Tawt-sit-ka, +“the Place of Fear and Flight,” because of some +Apache-caused panic) but we did not stop there, but passed around it, +to the Northwest, and on and over the Gila, Akee-mull, The River, as +the Pimas affectionately call it, for to them it is as the Nile to +Egypt. The famous Gila is not a very imposing stream at any time, and +now was no stream at all, but a shallow dry channel, choked with desert +dust, or paved with curling flakes of baked mud which cracked like bits +of broken pottery under our ponies’ feet. But I afterwards many +times saw it a turbid <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" +name="pb4">4</a>]</span>torrent of yellow mud, rushing and foaming from +the mountain rains; perilous with quicksand and snag, the roaring of +its voice heard over the <span class="corr" id="xd20e227" title= +"Source: chapparal">chaparral</span> for miles to windward.</p> +<p>The Pimas live in villages, each with its sub-chief, and we were +bound for the village of Lower San-tan. But in these villages the +houses are now seldom aggregated, as in old days of Apache and Yuma +war, but scatter out for miles in farm homesteads.</p> +<p>Brother Ed had lately sold his neat farmstead, near Sacaton, and +when I came to his home I found he was temporarily living under a +<i>vachtoe</i> (pronounce first syllable as if German), or arbor-shed, +made of mezquite forks, supporting a flat roof of weeds and brush for +shade. Near by he was laying the foundations of a neat little adobe +cottage, which was finally completed during my stay.</p> +<p>Ed introduced me to his mother, a matronly Indian woman of perhaps +fifty-five, who must have been quite a belle in her day, and whose +features were still regular and strong, and his step-father, “Mr. +Wells,” who deserves more than a passing word from me, for his +kindness was unremitting (bless his good-natured, smiling face!) and +his solicitude for my comfort constant. These were all the family, for +Ed himself was a widower. Fifty yards or so to the northwest were the +huts of two old and wretchedly poor Pimas (the man was blind) who had +been allowed <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" name= +"pb5">5</a>]</span>to settle there temporarily by Mr. Wood, owing to +some difficulty about their own location on their adjoining land. One +or two hundred yards in the other direction were two old +<i>caw-seens</i>, or storehouses, square structures of a sort of +wattlework of poles, weeds and brush, plastered over with adobe and +roofed with earth. In one of these I placed my trunk, and on its flat +roof I slept, rolled in my blankets, most of the nights of the two +months of my stay. I came to know it as “my Arizona +Bedstead,” and I shall never forget it and its quaint, crooked +ladder.</p> +<p>My Indian brother was not slow in shedding his dress-parade +garments, and in getting down to the comfort of outing shirt and +overalls, neck handkerchief and sombrero. Then I had my first meal with +Indians in Arizona. Mrs. Wells, or as I prefer to call her, +Sparkling-Soft-Feather (her Indian name) was a good cook of her kind, +and gave us a meal of <i>tortillas</i>, <i>frijole</i> beans, peppers +(<i>kaw-awl-kull</i>), coffee, and <i>choo-oo-kook</i> or jerked beef. +Ed and I were given the dignity of chairs and a table, but the older +Indians squatted on the ground in the good old Pima way, with their +dishes on a mat. There were knives and spoons, but no forks, and the +usefulness of fingers was not obsolete. A waggish, pale-eyed pup, +flabbily deprecative and good-natured, and a big-footed Mexican +<i>choo-chool</i>, or chicken, were obtrusively familiar. Neither of +the older Indians could speak a word of English, <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb6" href="#pb6" name="pb6">6</a>]</span>but chatted +and laughed away together in Pima. The hot, soft wind of the desert +kissed our faces as we ate, and off in the back ground rose the stately +volcanic pile of Cheoff-skaw-mack, the nearest mountain, and all around +the horizon other bare volcanic peaks burned into the blue. Sometimes a +whirlwind of dust travelled rapidly over the plain, making one ponder +what would happen should it <span class="corr" id="xd20e265" title= +"Source: gygrate">gyrate</span> into the <i>vachtoe</i>.</p> +<p>The old woman from the near-by <i>kee</i> slunk by as we ate, going +to the well. She wore <i>gah-kai-gey-aht-kum-soosk</i> (literally +string-shoes), or sandals, of rawhide, on her feet, and was quite the +most wretched-looking hag I ever saw among the Pimas. Her withered body +was hung with indescribable rags and her gray hair was a tangled mat. +Yet I came to know that that wretched creature had a heart and a good +one. She was kind and cheerful, industrious and uncomplaining, and +devotion itself to her old blind husband; who did nothing all day long +but move out of the travelling sun into the shade, rolling nearly naked +in the dust.</p> +<p>After dinner we got our guns and started out to go to the farm of +old Thin Buckskin (“William Higgins,” if you please!) the +<i>seeneeyawkum</i> I had come so far to see. Incidentally we were to +shoot some <i>kah-kai-cheu</i>, or plumed quails, and +<i>taw-up-pee</i>, or rabbits, for supper.</p> +<p>We found the old man plowing for corn in his field. The strong, +friendly grasp he gave my <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href= +"#pb7" name="pb7">7</a>]</span>hand was all that could be desired. +Tall, lean, dignified, with a harsh, yet musical voice; keen, +intelligent black eyes, and an impressive manner, he was plainly a +gentleman and a scholar, even if he could neither read nor write, nor +speak a sentence of English.</p> +<p>The next afternoon he came, and under Ed’s <i>vachtoe</i> gave +me the first installment of the coveted tales. It was slow work. First +he would tell Ed a paragraph of tradition, and Ed would translate it to +me. Then I would write it down, and then read it aloud to Ed again, +getting his corrections. When all was straight, to his satisfaction, we +would go on to another paragraph, and so on, till the old man said +enough. As these Indians are all Christianized now, and mostly zealous +in the faith, I could get no traditions on Sunday. And indeed, when +part way thru, this zeal came near balking me altogether. A movement +started to stop the recovery of these old heathen tales; the sub-chief +had a word with Comalk, who became suddenly too busy to go on with his +narrations, and it took increased shekels and the interposition of the +Agent, Mr. J. B. Alexander, who was very kind to me, before I could get +the wheels started again.</p> +<p>Sometimes the old man came at night, instead of afternoon, and I +find this entry in my journal: “Sept. 6.—We sat up till +midnight in the old <i>cawseen</i> getting the traditions. It was a +wild, strange scene—the old <i>cawseen</i> interior, the mezquite +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb8" href="#pb8" name= +"pb8">8</a>]</span>forks that supported the roof, the poles overhead, +and weeds above that, the mud-plastered walls with loop-hole windows; +bags, boxes, trunks, <i>ollas</i>, and <i>vahs-hrom</i> <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e316" title="Source: granery">granary</span> baskets +about. Ed sitting on the ground, against the wall, nodding when I wrote +and waking up to interpret; the old man bent forward, both hands out, +palms upward, or waving in strange eloquent gestures; his lean, +wrinkled features drawn and black eyes gleaming; telling the strange +tales in a strange tongue. On an old olla another Indian, Miguel, who +came in to listen, and in his hand a gorgeously decorated +<i>quee-a-kote</i>, or flute, with which, while I wrote, he would +sometimes give us a few wild, plaintive, thrilling bars, weird as an +incantation. And finally myself, sitting on a mattress on my trunk, +writing, fast as pencil could travel, by the dim light of a lantern +hung against a great post at my right. Outside a cold, strong wind, for +the first time since I came to Arizona, bright moonlight, and some +drifting white clouds telling the last of the storm.”</p> +<p>Again, on Sept. 12th: “Traditions, afternoon and until +midnight. I shall never forget how the half-moon looked, rising over +<i><span class="corr" id="xd20e325" title= +"Source: Vah-kee-woldt-kee">Vahf-kee-woldt-kih</span></i>, or the +Notched Cliffs, toward midnight, while the coyotes laughed a chorus +somewhere off toward the Gila, and we sat around, outdoors, in the +wind, and heard the old seeneeyawkum tell his weird, incoherent tales +of the long ago.”</p> +<p>My interpreter was eager and willing, and well-posted <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" name="pb9">9</a>]</span>in the +meaning of English, and was a man of unusual intelligence and poetry of +feeling, but was not well up in grammar, and in the main I had to edit +and recast his sentences; yet just as far as possible I have kept his +words and the Indian idiom and simplicity of style. Sometimes he would +give me a sentence so forceful and poetic, and otherwise faultless, +that I have joyfully written it down exactly as received. I admit that +in a very few places, where the Indian simplicity and innocence of +thought caused an almost Biblical plainness of speech on family +matters, I have expurgated and smoothed a little for prudish Caucasian +ears, but these changes are few, and mostly unimportant, leaving the +meaning unimpaired. And never once was there anything in the spirit of +what was told me that revealed foulness of thought. All was grave and +serious, as befitted the scriptures of an ancient people.</p> +<p>Occasionally I have added a word or sentence to make the meaning +stand out clearer, but otherwise I have taken no liberties with the +original.</p> +<p>As a rule the seeneeyawkum told these tales in his own words, but +the parts called speeches were learned by heart and repeated literally. +These parts gave us much trouble. They were highly poetic, and +manifestly mystic, and therefore very difficult to translate with +truthfulness to the involved meanings and startling and obscure +metaphors. Besides they contained many <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb10" href="#pb10" name="pb10">10</a>]</span>archaic words, the +meaning of which neither seeneeyawkum nor interpreter now knew, and +which they could only translate by guess, or leave out altogether. But +we did the best we could.</p> +<p>The stories were also embellished with songs, some of which I had +translated. They were chants of from one to four lines each, seldom +more than two, many times repeated in varying cadence; weird, somber, +thrillingly passionate in places, and by no means unmusical, but, of +course, monotonous. I obtained phonograph records of a number, and the +translations given are as literal as possible.</p> +<p>As to the meaning of the tales I got small satisfaction. The Indians +seemed to have no explanations to offer. They seemed to regard them as +fairy tales, but admitted they had once been believed as +scriptures.</p> +<p>My own theory came to be that they had been invented, from time to +time, by various and successive <i>mah-kais</i> to answer the questions +concerning history, phenomena, and the origin of things, which they, as +the reputed wisest of the tribe, were continually asked. My chief +reason for supposing this is because in almost every tale the hero is a +mahkai of some sort. The word mah-kai (now translated doctor, or +medicine-man) seems to have been applied in old time to every being +capable of exerting magical or supernatural and mysterious power, from +the Creator down; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb11" href="#pb11" +name="pb11">11</a>]</span>and it is easy to see how such use of the +word would apparently establish the divine relationship and bolster the +authority of the medicine men, while the charm of the tale would focus +attention upon them. The temptation was great and, I think, yielded +to.</p> +<p>I doubt if much real history is worked in, or that it is at all +reliable.</p> +<p>All over the desert, where irrigation was at all practicable, in the +Gila and Salt River valleys, and up to the edge of the mountains, among +the beautiful giant cactus and flatbean trees, you will ride your +bronco over evidences of a prehistoric race;—old irrigating +ditches, lines of stone wall; or low mounds of adobe rising above the +<span class="corr" id="xd20e354" title= +"Source: grease wood">greasewood</span> and cacti, and littered over +profusely with bits of broken and painted pottery, broken corn-mills +and grinders, perhaps showing here and there a stone ax, arrowhead, or +other old stone implement. These mounds (<i>vah-ahk-kee</i> is the Pima +word for such a ruin) are the heaps caused by the fallen walls of what +were once pueblos of stone and clay. In some places there must have +been populous cities, and at the famous site of Casa Grande one finds +one of the buildings still standing—a really imposing citadel, +with walls four or five feet thick, several stories high, and habitable +since the historic period.</p> +<p>Now according to these traditions it was the tribes now known as +Pimas, Papagoes, Yumas and Maricopas, that invaded the land, from some +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb12" href="#pb12" name= +"pb12">12</a>]</span>mythic underworld, and overthrew the vahahkkees +& killed all their inhabitants, and this is the most interesting +part of the tales from a historic point of view. Fewkes, and other +ethnologists, think the ancestors of the Pimas built the Casa Grande +& other vahahkkees, but I doubt this. Is it reasonable to suppose +that if a people as intelligent & settled as the Pimas had once +evoluted far enough in architecture & fortification to erect such +noble citadels and extensive cities as those of Casa Grande & Casa +Blanca, that they, while still surrounded by the harassing Apaches, +would have descended to contentment with such miserable & +indefensible hovels as their present kees and cawseens? To me it is +not. They are as industrious as any of the pueblo-building Indians, not +otherwise degenerate, and had they once ever builded pueblos I do not +think would have abandoned the art. But it is easy to understand that a +horde of desert campers, overthrowing a more civilized nation, might +never rebuild or copy after its edifices. So far, then, I am inclined +to agree with the traditions and disagree with the ethnologists.</p> +<p>But these traditions are evidently very ancient. They appear to me +to have originated from the aborigines of this country; people who knew +no other land. Every story is saturated with local color. From the top +of Cheoffskawmack, I believe I could have seen almost every place +mentioned in the traditions, except the Rio Colorado <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb13" href="#pb13" name="pb13">13</a>]</span>& +the ocean, and the ocean was to them, I believe, little more than a +name. They never speak of it with their usual sketchy & graphic +detail, and the fact that in the ceremony of purification it is spoken +of as a source of drinking water shows they really knew nothing of it. +The Indian is too exact in his natural science to speak of salt water +as potable. And these stories certainly say that the dwellers in the +vahahkkees were the children of Ee-ee-toy, created right here. And that +the army that carried out Ee-ee-toy’s revenge upon his rebellious +people were the children of Juhwerta Mahkai, who had been somewhere +else since the flood, but who were also originally created here.</p> +<p>Now, for what it is worth, I will give a theory to reconcile these +differences. I assume that their flood was a real event, but a local +one, and the greater part of the people destroyed by it. A minority +escaped by flight into the desert, and neither they nor their +descendants, for many generations, returned to the place where the +catastrophe occurred. Another remnant escaped by floating on various +objects & climbing mountains. The first were those of whom it is +fabled that Juhwerta Mahkai let them escape thru a hole in the earth. +These became nomadic, desert dwellers. The second remained in the Gila +country, became agricultural & settled in habit, irrigating their +land & building pueblos, growing rich, effeminate & inapt at +war. At length the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb14" href="#pb14" +name="pb14">14</a>]</span>desert fugitives, also grown numerous, and +war-like & fierce with the wild, wolf-like existence they had led, +and moved by we know not what motives of revenge or greed, returned +& swept over the land, in a sudden invasion, like a swarm of +locusts; <span class="corr" id="xd20e372" title= +"Source: ruthlesaly">ruthlessly</span> destroying the <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e375" title="Source: vahahkees">vahahkkees</span> and +all who dwelt therein; breaking even the <i>ma-ta-tes</i> & every +utensil in their vandal fury; dividing the region thus taken among +themselves. According to these traditions the Apaches were already +dwellers in the outlying deserts & mountains, and were not affected +especially by this invasion.</p> +<p>Is it now unreasonable to suppose that some of the invaders kept up, +to a great extent, their old habits of desert wandering (Papagoes for +instance), and that others adopted to some extent the agricultural +habits of those they had conquered, and yet retained, with slight +change, the little brush & mud houses & arbors they had grown +accustomed to in their wanderings? These last would be our present +Pimas.</p> +<p>If it is considered strange that these adopted the habits, to any +extent, of those they supplanted it may be urged that they almost +certainly, in conquering the vahahkkee people, spared and married many +of the women, and adopted many of the children; this being in +accordance with their custom in historic times. And this infusion of +the gentler blood may have been very large. And these women would +naturally go on, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb15" href="#pb15" name= +"pb15">15</a>]</span>and would be required by their new husbands to go +on, with the agricultural methods to which they were accustomed & +would teach them to their new masters. And their children, being wholly +or partly of the old stock, would have a natural tendency to the same +work, to some extent.</p> +<p>This theory not only explains & agrees with the main parts of +the old traditions, but seems confirmed by other things. Thus the +Pimas, Papagoes, Quojatas, and the “Rabbit-Eaters” of +Mexico, speak about the same language, which would seem to prove them +originally the same people. But some have kept the old ways, some have +become agricultural, and some are in manners between, and thus have +become classed as different tribes. And, judging from the remains, the +life of the old vahahkkee dwellers was in many ways like that of the +modern Pima, only less primitive.</p> +<p>But the real value of these stories is as folklore, and in their +literary merit. They throw a wonderful side-light on the old customs, +beliefs and feelings. I consider them ancient, in the main, but do not +doubt that in coming down thru many seeneeyawkums they have been much +modified by the addition of embellishment, the subtraction of +forgetfulness. As proof I adduce the accounting for the origin of the +white people, who use pens & ink, in the story of Van-daih. The +ancient Pimas knew neither white men, nor <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb16" href="#pb16" name="pb16">16</a>]</span>pens, nor ink, therefore +this passage is clearly an interpolation by some later narrator, if the +story is really ancient, as I suppose it is. In the story of +Noo-ee’s meeting the sun, the word used by old Comalk, for the +sun’s weapon, was <i>vai-no-ma-gaht</i> (literally iron-bow) +which is the modern Pima’s name for the white man’s gun, +and it was translated as gun by my interpreter. But iron and guns were +both unknown to ancient Pimas, therefore this term must have been first +used by some seeneeyawkum after the white man came, who thought a gun +more appropriate than a bow for the sun’s shooting.</p> +<p>How much has been lost by forgetfulness we can never know; but at +least I found that the meaning of many ancient words had disappeared, +that the mystic meaning of the highly symbolic speeches seemed all +gone, and I felt certain that the last part of the Story of the +Gambler’s War had been lost by forgetting; for it stops short +with the preliminary speeches, instead of going on with a detailed +account of the battles as does the Story of Paht-ahn-kum’s +war.</p> +<p>Another proof that these tales were changed by different narrators +is afforded by the variants of some of them published by Emory, +Grossman, Cook, and other writers about the Pimas.</p> +<p>As to the mystic meaning I can only guess. The mystic number four, +so constantly used, probably refers to the four cardinal points, but my +Indians seemed not aware of this. In the <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb17" href="#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span>stories, West is black, +East is white or light, South is blue, North is yellow, and Above is +green. Of course the west is black because there night swallows up the +sun, and the east is light because it gives the sun, but why south is +blue and north is yellow I do not know. But south is the nearest way to +the ocean, and as in one story the word ocean seems used in place of +south, I infer the blue color was derived from that. And the desert +lying north of the ocean may suggest the desert tint, yellow, as the +color of the north. As to the sky being green, I find this in my +journal: “August 29—Last evening, after sunset, there were +the most wonderful sky effects—there was a line of light clouds +across the sky, in the west, about half way up to the zenith, and +suddenly the white part of these was washed over, as tho by a paint +brush, with a strong but delicate pea-green, while under this spread a +mist or haze of dainty pink, changing to a rich, delicate mauve. Lasted +quarter of an hour or more. Never saw anything like it in nature +before.” Again, on September 6, I saw nearly the same phenomenon. +The green was very strong and vivid, and could not fail to attract an +Indian’s eye, and something of the sort, I fancy, made him make +the strange choice of green for the sky color.</p> +<p>Those who like to compare myths and folktales and ancient scriptures +will find a rich field here. And the interesting thing is that these +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb18" href="#pb18" name= +"pb18">18</a>]</span>tales come straight from a line of Indians who +could neither read nor write nor speak English, therefore adulteration +by white man’s literature seems improbable.</p> +<p>As to the literary merit of these tales, after all that is lost by a +double interpretation, I consider it still very high. You must come to +them as a little child, for they are intensely child-like, and to +expect them to be like a white man’s narrative is absurd. But +they are sketched in such clear, bold lines, with such a sure touch and +delicate expressiveness of salient points; there are such +close-fitting, shrewd bits of human nature; such real yet startling +touches of poetry in metaphor; such fertile and altogether Indian +imagination in plot and incident, that the interest never fails. No two +stories are alike, and if surprise is a literary charm of high value, +and I think it is, then these tales are certainly charming, for they +constantly bring surprise.</p> +<p>And the poetry, in Eeeetoy’s speech for example, is so rich +and strong; and in such parts as the story of the <i>Nah-vah-choo</i> +the mysticism seems to challenge one like a riddle.</p> +<p>When these old tales were told with all proper ceremony and respect, +they were told on four successive nights. This could not be in the +giving of them to me, for many practical reasons, but I have endeavored +to give them that form for my reader and hence the title of my book. +But I did not discover how many or what ones were <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span>told on +any one night, so my division is arbitrary, and only aims at reasonable +equality. The naming, too, of the different stories is my own, for the +old man did not appear to have any set names for them. I fancy the old +man was rusty and out of practice, and forgot some of the tales in +their proper sequence, and brought them in afterward as they recurred +to him. For instance, the story of <span class="corr" id="xd20e420" +title="Source: Tcheu-nas-set">Tcheu-nas-sat</span> Seeven’s +singing away another chief’s wives evidently belongs among the +early stories of the vahahkkee people, and before the account of his +death, when the vahahkkees were destroyed. But I have given the stories +in the order in which they were told to me, leaving all responsibility +on the old seeneeyawkum’s shoulders.</p> +<p>I lived a little more than two months with these Indians, collecting +these stories, enjoying their kindly hospitality, living as they lived, +eating their food, riding their ponies, sleeping on their roofs under +the splendid Arizona stars.</p> +<p>I shall never forget that day, before I left, when Ed and I saddled +our ponies in the early morning and rode twenty miles to the Casa +Grande ruins. On the way we crossed the dry bed of the Gila; and passed +thru the Agency village of Sacaton and the village of Blackwater; +skirting the Maricopa Slaughter mountains, where once some unfortunate +<span class="corr" id="xd20e427" title= +"Source: Maricopias">Maricopas</span> were waylaid and massacred by a +band of Apaches, almost in sight of Sacaton. The Casa Grande ruins are +imposing <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb20" href="#pb20" name= +"pb20">20</a>]</span>enough, but sadly belittled in effect by the +well-meant roof which the government has erected over them to preserve +them. This kills all the poetry and gives them the ludicrous aspect of +a museum specimen. Had the old walls been skillfully capped with a +waterproof cement and the walls coated with some weatherproof and +transparent wash, all necessary security could have been effected with +perhaps less expense than this absurd roof, and all the romance of +impression preserved. Let us hope the genial and manly young custodian, +Mr. Frank Pinckly, to whose warm-hearted hospitality and that of his +parents I owe grateful thanks, will consider this suggestion favorably +and earn the blessing of future travellers. A storm broke on us while +we were at the ruins, and riding home that evening we found the Gila +flooded. I shall always remember how its muddy torrent looked to me, +plunging along at my feet, where that morning I had crossed dry shod; +its yellow waves shot with blood-red reflections from the last colors +of sunset.</p> +<p>“You better see that Pinto’s cinch is tight, or she may +try to get you off in the river,” warned Ed, in my ear, as he +jumped off to cinch up “Georgie.”</p> +<p>It was always exciting to me to ford the treacherous Gila, the tawny +waters were so sweeping, and the ponies plunged so when their feet felt +the quicksands, but we got across all right, and galloped home on the +slippery, muddy roads. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" +name="pb21">21</a>]</span></p> +<p>When I left these people it was with a genuine regard for their +virtues. I found them in the main kind, honest, simple-minded, +industrious, surprisingly clean, considering their obstacles of scant +water and ever-present dust, and the calmest tempered people I have +ever known.</p> +<p>I remember the second day of my stay we were going to ride to the +Casa Blanca ruins. In watering the ponies at the well, +“Georgie’s” loosened saddle turned and swung under +his belly. Such bucking and frantic kicking as that half-broken colt +indulged in for a few moments would have made a congress of cow-boys +applaud, and when it was over the beautiful colt stood exhausted on the +far side of a twenty acre field, with the saddle fragments somewhere +between. Now to poor Indians the loss of a saddle is not small, and I +fancy most frontiersmen, under the provocation, would have made the air +blue with oaths, but Ed only sadly said: “I’m afraid that +spoils Georgie,” and the stepfather laughed and started patiently +out on the trail of the colt “to save the pieces,” while +the mother took one of her bowl-shaped Pima baskets, with beans in it, +and coaxed the colt till she caught him. Then he was patted and soothed +and fed with sugar, the saddle patched up and replaced, and we rode +eighteen miles that day and never another mishap. And from first to +last never a harsh or complaining word.</p> +<p>I at no time encountered a beggar among the Pimas, <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb22" href="#pb22" name="pb22">22</a>]</span>and tho +they were mostly very poor I had not a pin’s worth stolen. I +never heard an oath, or saw a brutal or violent act, or a child slapped +or scolded, or a woman treated with disrespect or tyranny, nor any +drunkenness or cruelty to animals. Perhaps I was especially fortunate, +but I can only speak of what I saw. Their self-respect and serenity +continually aroused my admiration.</p> +<p>I must say that they appeared to me to excel any average white +neighborhood in good behavior.</p> +<p>It is a strange land, that in which the Pimas dwell; a desert +overgrown with strange soft-tinted weeds, “salt weeds,” +pink, red, green, gray, blue, purple; the rich-green yellow-flowering +greasewood; odd cacti, and all manner of thornbearing bushes. The soil +is inexhaustibly rich, were there water enough, but the white people, +settling above the Indians, on the Gila, have so withdrawn the water +that crop failures from lack of sufficient irrigation are the rule, +now, instead of the exception, and the once ever-flowing Gila is more +often a dry channel, as sun-baked as the desert around it.</p> +<p>All around their valley, and rising here and there from the plain, +are low volcanic peaks, mere dead masses of rock except where in places +a giant cactus stands candelabra-like among the slopes of stone. About +the feet of these mountains, and along the channels where the torrents +rush down in times of rain, are weird forests of <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" name="pb23">23</a>]</span>desert +growths, <span class="corr" id="xd20e454" title= +"Source: mesquite">mezquite</span>, cat-claw, flat-beans, screw-beans, +greasewood, giant-cactus, cane-cactus, white-cactus, cholla-cactus, and +a host of others, almost everything bristling with <span class="corr" +id="xd20e457" title="Source: inumerable">innumerable</span> thorns.</p> +<p>On this strange pasture of weed and thorn the Indian’s ponies +& his few cattle graze.</p> +<p>Here in summer the sun beats down till the mercury registers 118 to +120 degrees in the shade, and dust storms & dust whirlwinds travel +over the burning plain. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb27" href= +"#pb27" name="pb27">27</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="body"> +<div class="div0" id="night1"> +<h2 id="xd20e467" class="main">Stories of the First Night</h2> +<div id="traditions" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e470" class="main">The Traditions of the Pimas</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e472"><span class="xd20e472init">T</span>he old man, +Comalk Hawk-Kih, (Thin Buckskin) began by saying that these were +stories which he used to hear his father tell, they being handed down +from father to son, and that when he was little he did not pay much +attention, but when he grew older he determined to learn them, and +asked his father to teach him, which his father did, and now he knew +them all.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="creation" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e475" class="main">The Story of the Creation</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In the beginning there was no earth, no +water—nothing. There was only a Person, <i>uh-wert-a-Mah-kai</i> +(The Doctor of the Earth).</p> +<p>He just floated, for there was no place for him to stand upon. There +was no sun, no light, and he just floated about in the darkness, which +was Darkness itself.</p> +<p>He wandered around in the nowhere till he thought he had wandered +enough. Then he rubbed on his breast and rubbed out +<i>moah-haht-tack</i>, that is perspiration, or greasy earth. This he +rubbed out on the palm of his hand and held out. It tipped over three +times, but the fourth time it staid straight in the middle of the air +and there it remains now as the world. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb28" href="#pb28" name="pb28">28</a>]</span></p> +<p>The first bush he created was the greasewood bush.</p> +<p>And he made ants, little tiny ants, to live on that bush, on its gum +which comes out of its stem.</p> +<p>But these little ants did not do any good, so he created white ants, +and these worked and enlarged the earth; and they kept on increasing +it, larger and larger, until at last it was big enough for himself to +rest on.</p> +<p>Then he created a Person. He made him out of his eye, out of the +shadow of his eyes, to assist him, to be like him, and to help him in +creating trees and human beings and everything that was to be on the +earth.</p> +<p>The name of this being was <i>Noo-ee</i> (the Buzzard).</p> +<p>Nooee was given all power, but he did not do the work he was created +for. He did not care to help Juhwertamahkai, but let him go by +himself.</p> +<p>And so the Doctor of the Earth himself created the mountains and +everything that has seed and is good to eat. For if he had created +human beings first they would have had nothing to live on.</p> +<p>But after making Nooee and before making the mountains and seed for +food, Juhwertamahkai made the sun.</p> +<p>In order to make the sun he first made water, and this he placed in +a hollow vessel, like an earthen dish (<i>hwas-hah-ah</i>) to harden +into something <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name= +"pb29">29</a>]</span>like ice. And this hardened ball he placed in the +sky. First he placed it in the North, but it did not work; then he +placed it in the West, but it did not work; then he placed it in the +South, but it did not work; then he placed it in the East and there it +worked as he wanted it to.</p> +<p>And the moon he made in the same way and tried in the same places, +with the same results.</p> +<p>But when he made the stars he took the water in his mouth and +spurted it up into the sky. But the first night his stars did not give +light enough. So he took the Doctor-stone (diamond), the +<i>tone-dum-haw-teh</i>, and smashed it up, and took the pieces and +threw them into the sky to mix with the water in the stars, and then +there was light enough.<a class="noteref" id="xd20e524src" href= +"#xd20e524" name="xd20e524src">1</a></p> +<p>And now Juhwertamahkai, rubbed again on his breast, and from the +substance he obtained there made two little dolls, and these he laid on +the earth. And they were human beings, man and woman.</p> +<p>And now for a time the people increased till they filled the earth. +For the first parents were perfect, and there was no sickness and no +death. But when the earth was full, then there was nothing to eat, so +they killed and ate each other.</p> +<p>But Juhwertamahkai did not like the way his <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href="#pb30" name="pb30">30</a>]</span>people +acted, to kill and eat each other, and so he let the sky fall to kill +them. But when the sky dropped he, himself, took a staff and broke a +hole thru, thru which he and Nooee emerged and escaped, leaving behind +them all the people dead.</p> +<p>And Juhwertamahkai, being now on the top of this fallen sky, again +made a man and a woman, in the same way as before. But this man and +woman became grey when old, and their children became grey still +younger, and their children became grey younger still, and so on till +the babies were gray in their cradles.</p> +<p>And Juhwertamahkai, who had made a new earth and sky, just as there +had been before, did not like his people becoming grey in their +cradles, so he let the sky fall on them again, and again made a hole +and escaped, with Nooee, as before.</p> +<p>And Juhwertamahkai, on top of this second sky, again made a new +heaven and a new earth, just as he had done before, and new people.</p> +<p>But these new people made a vice of smoking. Before human beings had +never smoked till they were old, but now they smoked younger, and each +generation still younger, till the infants wanted to smoke in their +cradles.</p> +<p>And Juhwertamahkai did not like this, and let the sky fall again, +and created everything new again in the same way, and this time he +created the earth as it is now.</p> +<p>But at first the whole slope of the world was <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb31" href="#pb31" name= +"pb31">31</a>]</span>westward, and tho there were peaks rising from +this slope there were no true valleys, and all the water that fell ran +away and there was no water for the people to drink. So Juhwertamahkai +sent Nooee to fly around among the mountains, and over the earth, to +cut valleys with his wings, so that the water could be caught and +distributed and there might be enough for the people to drink.</p> +<p>Now the sun was male and the moon was female and they met once a +month. And the moon became a mother and went to a mountain called +<i>Tahs-my-et-tahn Toe-ahk</i> (sun striking mountain) and there was +born her baby. But she had duties to attend to, to turn around and give +light, so she made a place for the child by tramping down the weedy +bushes and there left it. And the child, having no milk, was nourished +on the earth.</p> +<p>And this child was the coyote, and as he grew he went out to walk +and in his walk came to the house of Juhwertamahkai and Nooee, where +they lived.</p> +<p>And when he came there Juhwertamahkai knew him and called him +<i>Toe-hahvs</i>, because he was laid on the weedy bushes of that +name.</p> +<p>But now out of the North came another powerful personage, who has +two names, <i>See-ur-huh</i> and <i>Ee-ee-toy</i>.</p> +<p>Now Seeurhuh means older brother, and when this personage came to +Juhwertamahkai, Nooee and Toehahvs he called them his younger brothers. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name= +"pb32">32</a>]</span>But they claimed to have been here first, and to +be older than he, and there was a dispute between them. But finally, +because he insisted so strongly, and just to please him, they let him +be called older brother. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href= +"#pb33" name="pb33">33</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e575" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e576" class="main">Juhwerta Mahkai’s Song of +Creation</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">Juhwerta mahkai made the world—</p> +<p class="line">Come and see it and make it useful!</p> +<p class="line">He made it round—</p> +<p class="line">Come and see it and make it useful!</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href="#pb34" name= +"pb34">34</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e588" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e589" class="main">Notes on Story of Creation</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">The idea of creating the earth from the perspiration +and waste cuticle of the Creator is, I believe, original.</p> +<p>The local touch in making the greasewood bush the first vegetation +is very strong.</p> +<p>In the tipping over of the earth three times, and its standing right +the fourth time, we are introduced to the first of the mystic fours in +which the whole scheme of the stories is cast. Almost everything is +done four times before finished.</p> +<p>The peculiar Indian idea of type-animals, the immortal and +supernatural representatives of their respective animal tribes, appears +in Nooee and Toehahvs, and here again the local color is rich and +strong in making the buzzard and the coyote, the most common and +striking animals of the desert, the particular aides on the staff of +the Creator.</p> +<p>Might not the creation of Nooee out of the <i>shadow of the eyes</i> +of the Doctor of the Earth be a poetical allusion to the flying shadow +of the buzzard on the sun-bright desert?</p> +<p>In the creation of sun and moon we find the mystic four referred to +the four corners of the universe, North, South, East and West, and +this, I am persuaded, is really the origin of its sacred significance, +for most religions find root and source in astronomy.</p> +<p>In the dropping of the sky appears the old idea of its solid +character.</p> +<p>In the “slope of the world to the Westward” there is +something curiously significant when we remember that both the Gila and +Salt Rivers flow generally westward.</p> +<p>Nooee cuts the valleys with his wings. It would almost appear that +Nooee was Juhwertamahkai’s agent in the air and sky, Toehahvs on +earth.</p> +<p>The night-prowling coyote is appropriately and poetically mothered +by the moon. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name= +"pb35">35</a>]</span></p> +<p>And here appears Eeeetoy, the most active and mysterious personality +in Piman mythology. Out of the North, apparently <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e618" title="Source: self-existant">self-existent</span>, but +little inferior in power to Juhwertamahkai, and claiming greater age, +he appears, by pure “bluff” and persistent push and +wheedling, to have induced the really more powerful, but good-natured +and rather lazy Juhwertamahkai to give over most of the real work and +government of the world to him. In conversing with Harry Azul, the head +chief’s son, at Sacaton, I found he regarded Eeeetoy and +<span class="corr" id="xd20e621" title= +"Source: Juhwertamahki">Juhwertamahkai</span> as but two names for the +same. And indeed it is hard to fix Eeeetoy’s place or power. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name= +"pb36">36</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e524" href="#xd20e524src" name="xd20e524">1</a></span> Many doubt +that the Indians of North America knew anything about the diamond, but +my interpreter insisted that the Doctor-stone was the diamond, +therefore I have taken his word for it. Perhaps it was crystal.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="flood" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e626" class="main">The Story of the Flood</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e628"><span class="xd20e628init">N</span>ow Seeurhuh was +very powerful, like Juhwerta Mahkai, and as he took up his residence +with them, as one of them, he did many wonderful things which pleased +Juhwerta Mahkai, who liked to watch him.</p> +<p>And after doing many marvelous things he, too, made a man.</p> +<p>And to this man whom he had made, Seeurhuh (whose other name was +Ee-ee-toy) gave a bow & arrows, and guarded his arm against the bow +string by a piece of wild-cat skin, and pierced his ears & made +ear-rings for him, like turquoises to look at, from the leaves of the +weed called <i>quah-wool</i>. And this man was the most beautiful man +yet made.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy told this young man, who was just of marriageable age, +to look around and see if he could find any young girl in the villages +that would suit him and, if he found her, to see her relatives and see +if they were willing he should marry her.</p> +<p>And the beautiful young man did this, and found a girl that pleased +him, and told her family of his wish, and they accepted him, and he +married her. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name= +"pb37">37</a>]</span></p> +<p>And the names of both these are now forgotten and unknown.</p> +<p>And when they were married Ee-ee-toy, foreseeing what would happen, +went & gathered the gum of the greasewood tree.</p> +<hr class="tb"> +<p>Here the narrative states, with far too much plainness of +circumstantial detail for popular reading, that this young man married +a great many wives in rapid succession, abandoning the last one with +each new one wedded, and had children with abnormal, even uncanny +swiftness, for which the wives were blamed and for which suspicion they +were thus heartlessly divorced. Because of this, Juhwerta Mahkai and +Ee-ee-toy foresaw that nature would be convulsed and a great flood +would come to cover the world.</p> +<p>And then the narrative goes on to say:</p> +<p>Now there was a doctor who lived down toward the sunset whose name +was Vahk-lohv Mahkai, or South Doctor, who had a beautiful daughter. +And when his daughter heard of this young man and what had happened to +his wives she was afraid and cried every day. And when her father saw +her crying he asked her what was the matter? was she sick? And when she +had told him what she was afraid of, for every one knew and was talking +of this thing, he said yes, he knew it was true, but she ought not to +be afraid, for there was happiness for a woman in marriage and the +mothering of children. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb38" href="#pb38" +name="pb38">38</a>]</span></p> +<p>And it took many years for the young man to marry all these wives, +and have all these children, and all this time Ee-ee-toy was busy +making a great vessel of the gum he had gathered from the grease +bushes, a sort of olla which could be closed up, which would keep back +water. And while he was making this he talked over the reasons for it +with Juhwerta Mahkai, Nooee, and Toehahvs, that it was because there +was a great flood coming.</p> +<p>And several birds heard them talking thus—the woodpecker, +<i>Hick-o-vick</i>; the humming-bird, <i>Vee-pis-mahl</i>; a little +bird named <i>Gee-ee-sop</i>, and another called +<i>Quota-veech</i>.</p> +<p>Eeeetoy said he would escape the flood by getting into the vessel he +was making from the gum of the grease bushes or <i>ser-quoy</i>.</p> +<p>And Juhwerta Mahkai said he would get into his staff, or walking +stick, and float about.</p> +<p>And Toehahvs said he would get into a cane-tube.</p> +<p>And the little birds said the water would not reach the sky, so they +would fly up there and hang on by their bills till it was over.</p> +<p>And Nooee, the buzzard, the powerful, said he did not care if the +flood did reach the sky, for he could find a way to break thru.</p> +<p>Now Ee-ee-toy was envious, and anxious to get ahead of Juhwerta +Mahkai and get more fame for his wonderful deeds, but Juhwerta Mahkai, +though really the strongest, was generous and from <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name="pb39">39</a>]</span>kindness +and for relationship sake let Ee-ee-toy have the best of it.</p> +<p>And the young girl, the doctor’s daughter, kept on crying, +fearing the young man, feeling him ever coming nearer, and her father +kept on reassuring her, telling her it would be all right, but at last, +out of pity for her fears & tears, he told her to go and get him +the little tuft of the finest thorns on the top of the white cactus, +the <i>haht-sahn-kahm</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd20e694src" href= +"#xd20e694" name="xd20e694src">1</a> and bring to him.</p> +<p>And her father took the cactus-tuft which she had brought him, and +took hair from her head and wound about one end of it, and told her if +she would wear this it would protect her. And she consented and wore +the cactus-tuft.</p> +<p>And he told her to treat the young man right, when he came, & +make him broth of corn. And if the young man should eat all the broth, +then their plan would fail, but if he left any broth she was to eat +that up and then their plan would succeed.</p> +<p>And he told her to be sure and have a bow and arrows above the door +of the <i>kee</i>, so that he could take care of the young man.</p> +<p>And after her father had told her this, on that <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href="#pb40" name="pb40">40</a>]</span>very +evening the young man came, and the girl received him kindly, and took +his bows & arrows, and put them over the door of the kee, as her +father had told her, and made the young man broth of corn and gave it +to him to eat.</p> +<p>And he ate only part of it and what was left she ate herself.</p> +<p>And before this her father had told her: “If the young man is +wounded by the thorns you wear, in that moment he will become a woman +and a mother and you will become a young man.”</p> +<p>And in the night all this came to be, even so, and by day-break the +child was crying.</p> +<p>And the old woman ran in and said: “<i>Mos-say!</i>” +which means an old woman’s grandchild from a daughter.</p> +<p>And the daughter, that had been, said: “It is not your +<i>moss</i>, it is your <i>cah-um-maht</i>,” that is an old +woman’s grandchild from a son.</p> +<p>And then the old man ran in and said: +“<i>Bah-ahm-ah-dah!</i>” that is an old man’s +grandchild from a daughter, but his daughter said: “It is not +your <i>bah-ahm-maht</i>, but it is your <i>voss-ahm-maht</i>,” +which is an old man’s grandchild from a son.</p> +<p>And early in the morning this young man (that had been, but who was +now a woman & a mother) made a <i>wawl-kote</i>, a carrier, or +cradle, for the baby and took the trail back home.</p> +<p>And Juhwerta Mahkai told his neighbors of what was coming, this +young man who had changed <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href= +"#pb41" name="pb41">41</a>]</span>into a woman and a mother and was +bringing a baby born from himself, and that when he arrived wonderful +things would happen & springs would gush forth from under every +tree and on every mountain.</p> +<p>And the young man-woman came back and by the time of his return +Ee-ee-toy had finished his vessel and had placed therein seeds & +everything that is in the world.</p> +<p>And the young man-woman, when he came to his old home, placed his +baby in the bushes and left it, going in without it, but Ee-ee-toy +turned around and looked at him and knew him, for he did not wear a +woman’s dress, and said to him: “Where is my Bahahmmaht? +Bring it to me. I want to see it. It is a joy for an old man to see his +grandchild.</p> +<p><span class="corr" id="xd20e762" title= +"Not in source">“</span>I have sat here in my house and watched +your going, and all that has happened you, and foreseen some one would +send you back in shame, although I did not like to think there was +anyone more powerful than I. But never mind, he who has beaten us will +see what will happen.”</p> +<p>And when the young man-woman went to get his baby, Ee-ee-toy got +into his vessel, and built a fire on the hearth he had placed therein, +and sealed it up.</p> +<p>And the young man-woman found his baby crying, and the tears from it +were all over the ground, around. And when he stooped over to pick up +his child he turned into a sand-snipe, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb42" href="#pb42" name="pb42">42</a>]</span>and the baby turned into +a little teeter-snipe.</p> +<p>And then that came true which Juhwerta Mahkai had said, that water +would gush out from under every tree & on every mountain; and the +people when they saw it, and knew that a flood was coming, ran to +Juhwerta Mahkai; and he took his staff and made a hole in the earth and +let all those thru who had come to him, but the rest were drowned.</p> +<p>Then Juhwerta Mahkai got into his walking stick & floated, and +Toehahvs got into his tube of cane and floated, but Ee-ee-toy’s +vessel was heavy & big and remained until the flood was much deeper +before it could float.</p> +<p>And the people who were left out fled to the mountains; to the +mountains called <i>Gah-kote-kih</i> (Superstition Mts.) for they were +living in the plains between Gahkotekih and Cheoffskawmack (Tall Gray +Mountain<span class="corr" id="xd20e780" title= +"Source: .)">).</span></p> +<p>And there was a powerful man among these people, a doctor (mahkai), +who set a mark on the mountain side and said the water would not rise +above it.</p> +<p>And the people believed him and camped just beyond the mark; but the +water came on and they had to go higher. And this happened four +times.</p> +<p>And the mahkai did this to help his people, and also used power to +raise the mountain, but at last he saw all was to be a failure. And he +called the people and asked them all to come <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href="#pb43" name="pb43">43</a>]</span>close +together, and he took his doctor-stone (<i>mah-kai-haw-teh</i>) which +is called Tonedumhawteh or Stone-of-Light, and held it in the palm of +his hand and struck it hard with his other hand, and it thundered so +loud that all the people were frightened and they were all turned into +stone.</p> +<p>And the little birds, the woodpecker, Hickovick; the humming-bird, +Veepismahl; the little bird named <span class="corr" id="xd20e796" +title="Source: Ge-ee-sop">Gee-ee-sop</span>, and the other called +Quotaveech, all flew up to the sky and hung on by their bills, but +Nooee still floated in the air and intended to keep on the wing unless +the floods reached the heavens.</p> +<p>But Juhwerta Mahkai, Ee-ee-toy and Toehahvs floated around on the +water and drifted to the west and did not know where they were.</p> +<p>And the flood rose higher until it reached the woodpecker’s +tail, and you can see the marks to this day.</p> +<p>And Quotaveech was cold and cried so loud that the other birds +pulled off their feathers and built him a nest up there so he could +keep warm. And when Quotaveech was warm he quit crying.</p> +<p>And then the little birds sang, for they had power to make the water +go down by singing, and as they sang the waters gradually <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e808" title="Source: receeded">receded</span>.</p> +<p>But the others still floated around.</p> +<p>When the land began to appear Juhwerta Mahkai and Toehahvs got out, +but Ee-ee-toy had to wait for his house to warm up, for he had built a +fire to warm his vessel enough for him to unseal it. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href="#pb44" name="pb44">44</a>]</span></p> +<p>When it was warm enough he unsealed it, but when he looked out he +saw the water still running & he got back and sealed himself in +again.</p> +<p>And after waiting a while he unsealed his vessel again, and seeing +dry land enough he got out.</p> +<p>And Juhwerta Mahkai went south and Toehahvs went west, and Ee-ee-toy +went northward. And as they did not know where they were they missed +each other, and passed each other unseen, but afterward saw each +other’s tracks, and then turned back and shouted, but wandered +from the track, and again passed unseen. And this happened four +times.</p> +<p>And the fourth time Juhwerta Mahkai and Ee-ee-toy met, but Toehahvs +had passed already.</p> +<p>And when they met, Ee-ee-toy said to Juhwerta Mahkai “My +younger brother!” but Juhwerta Mahkai greeted him as younger +brother & claimed to have come out first. Then Ee-ee-toy said +again: “I came out first and you can see the water marks on my +body.” But Juhwerta Mahkai replied: “I came out first and +also have the water marks on my person to prove it.”</p> +<p>But Ee-ee-toy so insisted that he was the eldest that Juhwerta +Mahkai, just to please him, gave him his way and let him be considered +the elder.</p> +<p>And then they turned westward and yelled to find Toehahvs, for they +remembered to have seen his tracks, and they kept on yelling till he +heard them. And when Toehahvs saw them he called them his younger +brothers, and they called <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href= +"#pb45" name="pb45">45</a>]</span>him younger brother. And this dispute +continued till Ee-ee-toy again got the best of it, and although really +the younger brother was admitted by the the others to be Seeurhuh, or +the elder.</p> +<p>And the birds came down from the sky and again there was a dispute +about the relationship, but Ee-ee-toy again got the best of them +all.</p> +<p>But Quotaveech staid up in the sky because he had a comfortable nest +there, and they called him <i>Vee-ick-koss-kum Mahkai</i>, the +Feather-Nest Doctor.</p> +<p>And they wanted to find the middle, the navel of the earth, and they +sent <span class="corr" id="xd20e842" title= +"Source: Veeppismahl">Veepismahl</span>, the <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e845" title="Source: humming bird">humming-bird</span>, to the +west, and Hickovick, the woodpecker, to the east, and all the others +stood and waited for them at the starting place. And Veepismahl & +Hickovick were to go as far as they could, to the edge of the world, +and then return to find the middle of the earth by their meeting. But +Hickovick flew a little faster and got there first, and so when they +met they found it was not the middle, and they parted & started +again, but this time they changed places and Hickovick went westward +and Veepismahl went east.</p> +<p>And this time Veepismahl was the faster, and Hickovick was late, and +the judges thought their place of meeting was a little east of the +center so they all went a little way west. Ee-ee-toy, Juhwerta Mahkai +and Toehahvs stood there and sent the birds out once more, and this +time Hickovick went eastward again, and Veepismahl went west. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name= +"pb46">46</a>]</span>And Hickovick flew faster and arrived there first. +And they said: “This is not the middle. It is a little way west +yet.”</p> +<p>And so they moved a little way, and again the birds were sent forth, +and this time Hickovick went west and Veepismahl went east. And when +the birds returned they met where the others stood and all cried +“This is the <i>Hick</i>, the Navel of the World!”</p> +<p>And they stood there because there was no dry place yet for them to +sit down upon; and Ee-ee-toy rubbed upon his breast and took from his +bosom the smallest ants, the <i>O-auf-taw-ton</i>, and threw them upon +the ground, and they worked there and threw up little hills; and this +earth was dry. And so they sat down.</p> +<p>But the water was still running in the valleys, and Ee-ee-toy took a +hair from his head & made it into a +snake—<i>Vuck-vahmuht</i>. And with this snake he pushed the +waters south, but the head of the snake was left lying to the west and +his tail to the east.</p> +<p>But there was more water, and Ee-ee-toy took another hair from his +head and made another snake, and with this snake pushed the rest of the +water north. And the head of this snake was left to the east and his +tail to the west. So the head of each snake was left lying with the +tail of the other.</p> +<p>And the snake that has his tail to the east, in the morning will +shake up his tail to start the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb47" +href="#pb47" name="pb47">47</a>]</span>morning wind to wake the people +and tell them to think of their dreams.</p> +<p>And the snake that has his tail to the west, in the evening will +shake up his tail to start the cool wind to tell the people it is time +to go in and make the fires & be comfortable.</p> +<p>And they said: “We will make dolls, but we will not let each +other see them until they are finished.”</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy sat facing the west, and Toehahvs facing the south, +and Juhwerta Mahkai facing the east.</p> +<p>And the earth was still damp and they took clay and began to make +dolls. And Ee-ee-toy made the best. But Juhwerta Mahkai did not make +good ones, because he remembered some of his people had escaped the +flood thru a hole in the earth, and he intended to visit them and he +did not want to make anything better than they were to take the place +of them. And Toehahvs made the poorest of all.</p> +<p>Then Ee-ee-toy asked them if they were ready, and they all said yes, +and then they turned about and showed each other the dolls they had +made.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy asked Juhwerta Mahkai why he had made such queer +dolls. “This one,” he said, “is not right, for you +have made him without any sitting-down parts, and how can he get rid of +the waste of what he eats?”</p> +<p>But Juhwerta Mahkai said: “He will not need to eat, he can +just smell the smell of what is cooked.” <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb48" href="#pb48" name="pb48">48</a>]</span></p> +<p>Then Ee-ee-toy asked again: “Why did you make this doll with +only one leg—how can he run?” But Juhwerta Mahkai replied: +“He will not need to run; he can just hop around.”</p> +<p>Then Ee-ee-toy asked Toehahvs why he had made a doll with webs +between his fingers and toes—“How can he point +directions?” But Toehahvs said he had made these dolls so for +good purpose, for if anybody gave them small seeds they would not slip +between their fingers, and they could use the webs for dippers to drink +with.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy held up his dolls and said: “These are the best +of all, and I want you to make more like them.” And he took +Toehahv’s dolls and threw them into the water and they became +ducks & beavers. And he took Juhwerta Mahkai’s dolls and +threw them away and they all broke to pieces and were nothing.</p> +<p>And Juhwerta Mahkai was angry at this and began to sink into the +ground; and took his stick and hooked it into the sky and pulled the +sky down while he was sinking. But Ee-ee-toy spread his hand over his +dolls, and held up the sky, and seeing that Juhwerta Mahkai was sinking +into the earth he sprang and tried to hold him & cried, “Man, +what are you doing! Are you going to leave me and my people here +alone?”</p> +<p>But Juhwerta Mahkai slipped through his hands, leaving in them only +the waste & excretion of his skin. And that is how there is +sickness & death among us. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb49" +href="#pb49" name="pb49">49</a>]</span></p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy, when Juhwerta Mahkai escaped him, went around +swinging his hands & saying: “I never thought all this +impurity would come upon my people!” and the swinging of his +hands scattered disease over all the earth. And he washed himself in a +pool or pond and the impurities remaining in the water are the source +of the malarias and all the diseases of dampness.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy and Toehahvs built a house for their dolls a little +way off, and Ee-ee-toy sent Toehahvs to listen if they were yet +talking. And the <i>Aw-up</i>, (the Apaches) were the first ones that +talked. And Ee-ee-toy said: “I never meant to have those Apaches +talk first, I would rather have had the <i>Aw-aw-tam</i>, the Good +People, speak first.”</p> +<p>But he said: “It is all right. I will give them strength, that +they stand the cold & all hardships.”</p> +<p>And all the different people that they had made talked, one after +the other, but the Awawtam talked last.</p> +<p>And they all took to playing together, and in their play they kicked +each other as the Maricopas do in sport to this day; but the Apaches +got angry and said: “We will leave you and go into the mountains +and eat what we can get, but we will dream good dreams and be just as +happy as you with all your good things to eat.”</p> +<p>And some of the people took up their residence on the Gila, and some +went west to the Rio Colorado. And those who builded vahahkkees, +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name= +"pb50">50</a>]</span>or houses out of adobe and stones, lived in the +valley of the Gila, between the mountains which are there now. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name= +"pb51">51</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e922" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e923" class="main">Juhwerta Mahkai’s Song before the +Flood</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line xd20e926">My poor people,</p> +<p class="line xd20e926">Who will see,</p> +<p class="line xd20e926">Who will see</p> +<p class="line">This water which will moisten the earth!</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e934" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e935" class="main">The Song of Superstition Mountains</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">We are destroyed!</p> +<p class="line">By my stone we are destroyed!</p> +<p class="line">We are rightly turned into stone.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e944" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e945" class="main">Ee-ee-toy’s Song when He made the +World Serpents</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">I know what to do;</p> +<p class="line">I am going to move the water</p> +<p class="line xd20e926">both ways.</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name= +"pb52">52</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e955" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e956" class="main">Notes on the Story of the Flood</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In the Story of the Flood we are introduced to Indian +marriage. Among the Pimas it was a very simple affair. There was no +ceremony whatever. The lover usually selected a relative, who went with +him to the parents of the girl and asked the father to permit the lover +to marry her. Presents were seldom given unless a very old man desired +a young bride. The girl was consulted and her consent was essential, +her refusal final. If, however, all parties were satisfied, she went at +once with her husband as his wife. If either party became dissatisfied, +separation at once constituted divorce and either could leave the +other. A widow or divorced woman, if courted by another suitor, was +approached directly, with no intervention of relatives. Of course, on +these terms there were many separations, yet all accounts agree that +there was a good deal of fidelity and many life-long unions and cases +of strong affection.</p> +<p>Polygamy was not unknown.</p> +<p>Grossman says that the wife was the slave of the husband, but it is +difficult to see how a woman, free at any moment to divorce herself +without disgrace or coercion, could be properly regarded as a slave. +Certainly the men appear always to have done a large part of the hard +work, and as far as I could see the women were remarkably equal and +independent and respectfully treated, as such a system would naturally +bring about. A man would be a fool to ill-treat a woman, whose love or +services were valuable to him, if at any moment of discontent she could +leave him, perhaps for a rival. The chances are that he would +constantly endeavor to hold her allegiance by special kindness and +favors.</p> +<p>But today legal marriage is replacing the old system.</p> +<p>So far as I saw the Pimas were very harmonious and kindly in family +life.</p> +<p>The birds, gee-ee-sop and quotaveech, were pointed out to me by the +Pimas, and as near as I could tell quotaveech was Bendire’s +thrasher, or perhaps the curve-bill <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb53" +href="#pb53" name="pb53">53</a>]</span>thrasher. It has a very sweet +but timid song. I did not succeed in identifying gee-ee-sop, but find +these entries about him in my journal: “Aug. 5—I saw a +little bird which I suppose to be a gee-ee-sop in a mezquite today, +smaller and more slender than a vireo, but like one in action, but the +tail longer and carried more like a brown thrasher, nearly white below, +dark, leaden gray above, top of head and tail black.” Again on +Sept. 1: “What a dear little bird the gee-ee-sop is! Two of them +in the <i>oas-juh-wert-pot</i> tree were looking at me a few minutes +back. Dark slate-blue above and nearly white below, with beady black +eyes and black, lively tails, tipped with white, they are very pretty, +tame and confiding.”</p> +<p>The faith of the Aw-aw-tam in witchcraft appears first in this story +and afterwards is conspicuous in nearly all. Almost all diseases they +supposed were caused by bewitching, and it was the chief business of +the medicine-men to find out who or what had caused the bewitching. +Sometimes people were accused and murders followed. This was the +darkest spot in Piman life. Generally, however, some animal or +inanimate object was identified. Grossman’s account in the +Smithsonian Report for 1871 is interesting. In the stories, however, +witchcraft appears usually as the ability of the mahkai to work +transformations in himself or others, in true old fairy-tale style.</p> +<p>Superstition Mountain derives its name from this story<span class= +"corr" id="xd20e979" title="Source: ,">.</span> It is a very beautiful +and impressive mountain, with terraces of cliffs, marking perhaps the +successive pausing places of the fugitives, and the huddled rocks on +the top represent their petrified forms. Some of the older Indians +still fear to go up into this mountain, lest a like fate befall +them.</p> +<p>What beautiful poetic touches are the wetting of the +woodpecker’s tail, and the singing of the little birds to subdue +the angry waters.</p> +<p>The resemblances to Genesis will of course be noted by all in these +two first stories. Yet after all they are few and slight in any matter +of detail. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54" href="#pb54" name= +"pb54">54</a>]</span></p> +<p>In Ee-ee-toy’s serpents, that pushed back the waters, there is +a strong reminder of the Norse Midgard Serpent.</p> +<p>The making of the dolls in this story is one of the prettiest and +most amusing spots in the traditions.</p> +<p>The waste and perspiration of Juhwerta Mahkai’s skin again +comes into play, but this time as a malign force instead of a +beneficent one. It would also appear from this that the more +intelligent Pimas had a glimmering of the fact that there were other +causes than witchcraft for disease.</p> +<p>I have generally used the word Aw-aw-tam (Good People, or People of +Peace) as synonymous with Pima, but it is sometimes used to embrace all +Indians of the Piman stock and may be so understood in this story.</p> +<p>And perhaps this is as good a place as any to say a few descriptive +words about these Pimas of Arizona, and their allies, who have from +prehistoric times inhabited what the old Spanish historian, Clavigero, +called “Pimeria,” that is, the valleys of the Gila and Salt +Rivers.</p> +<p>Their faces seemed to me to be of almost Caucasian regularity and +rather of an English or Dutch cast, that is rather heavily moulded. The +forehead is vertical and inclined to be square; and the chin, broad, +heavy and full, comes out well to its line. The nose is straight, or a +little irregular, or rounded, at the end, but not often very aquiline, +never flat or wide-nostriled. The mouth is large but well shaped, with +short, white, remarkably even teeth, seldom showing any canine +projection. The whole face is a little heavy and square, but the cheek +bones are not especially prominent. The eyes are level, frank and +direct in glance, with long lashes and strong black brows. In the +babies a slight uptilt to the eye is sometimes seen, like a Japanese, +which indeed the babies suggest. The head of almost all adults is +well-balanced and finely poised on a good neck.</p> +<p>Another type possesses more of what we call the Indian feature. The +forehead retreats somewhat, so does the chin, while the upper lip is +larger, longer, more convex <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href= +"#pb55" name="pb55">55</a>]</span>and the nose, above is more aquiline, +with wider nostrils. Consequently this face in profile is more convex +thruout. The cheek-bones are much more prominent, too, and the head not +generally so well-balanced and proportional.</p> +<p>While I have seen no striking beauty I believe the average good +looks is greater than among white men, taken as they come<span class= +"corr" id="xd20e1006" title="Source: ,">.</span></p> +<p>The women as a rule, however, do not carry themselves gracefully, +are apt to be too broad, fat and dumpy in figure, with too large +waists, and often loose, ungracefully-moving hips. This deformity of +the hips, for it almost amounts to that, I observe among Italian +peasant women, too, and some negresses, and, I take it, is caused by +carrying too heavy loads on the head at too early an age. There seems +to be a settling down of the body into the pelvis, with a loose +alternate motion of the hips. There are exceptions, of course, and I +have seen those of stately figure and fine carriage<span class="corr" +id="xd20e1011" title="Not in source">.</span> Sometimes the loose-hip +motion appears in a man.</p> +<p>A slight tattooing appears on almost all Pima faces not of the last +generation. In the women this consists of two blue lines running down +from each corner of the mouth, under the chin, crossing, at the start, +the lower lip, and a single blue line running back from the outer angle +of each eye to the hair.</p> +<p>In the men it is usually a single zigzag blue line across the +forehead.</p> +<p>The pigment used is charcoal.</p> +<p>The men are generally erect and of good figure, with good chests and +rather heavy shoulders, the legs often a little bowed. Strange to say I +never saw one who walked “pigeon-toed.” All turned the toes +out like white men. The hands are often small and almost always +well-shaped; and the feet of good shape, too, not over large, with a +well-arched instep.</p> +<p>Emory and his comrades found the Pimas wearing a kind of +breech-cloth and a cotton <i>serape</i> only for garments; <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb56" href="#pb56" name="pb56">56</a>]</span>the +women wearing only a serape tied around the waist and falling to the +knee, being otherwise nude. Today the average male Pima dresses like a +white workman, in hat, shirt, trousers and perhaps shoes, and his wife +or daughter wears a single print gown, rather loose at the waist and +ruffled at the bottom, which reaches only to the ankles. Both sexes are +commonly barefooted, but the old sandals, once universal, are still +often seen. These <i>gah-kai-gey-aht-kum-soosk</i>, or string-shoes, as +the word means, were made in several different ways, and often +projected somewhat around the foot as a protection against the frequent +and formidable thorns of the country.</p> +<p>Sometimes a wilder or older Indian will be seen, even now, with only +a breech-cloth on, and some apology for a garment on his shoulders.</p> +<p>The skin is often of a very beautiful rich red-bronze tint, or +perhaps more like old mahogany.</p> +<p>Except the tattooing both sexes are remarkable for their almost +entire absense of any marked adornment or ornament of person. Even a +finger-ring, or a ribbon on the hair, is not common, and the profuse +bead-work and embroidery of the other tribes is never seen.</p> +<p>The exceedingly thick and intensely black hair was formerly worn +very long, even to the waist, being banged off just over the eyes of +the women and over the eyes and ears of the men and allowed to hang +perfectly loose. But the women seldom wore as long hair as the men. +This long hair is still sometimes seen and is exceedingly picturesque, +especially on horseback, and it is a great pity so sightly a fashion +should ever die out. I have seen Maricopas roll theirs in ringlets. +Sometimes the men braided the hair into a cue, or looped up the ends +with a fillet. But the Government discourages long and loose hair, and +now most men cut it short, and women part theirs and braid it. Like all +Indians, the men have scant beards, and the few whiskers that grow are +shaved clean or resolutely pinched off with an old knife or pulled out +by tweezers. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" href="#pb57" name= +"pb57">57</a>]</span></p> +<p>Their hair appears to turn gray as early as ours, tho I saw no +baldness except on one individual. In old times (and even now to some +extent) the hair was dressed with a mixture of mud and mezquite gum, at +times, which was left on long enough for the desired effect and then +thoroly washed off. This cleansed it and made it glossy and the gum +dyed the gray hair quite a lasting, jet black, tho several applications +might be needed.</p> +<p>Women still carry their ollas and other burdens on their heads and +are exceedingly strong and expert in the art, balancing great and +awkward weights with admirable dexterity.</p> +<p>The convenient and even beautiful <i>gyih-haw</i> (a word very +difficult to pronounce correctly), or burden basket, of the old time +Pima woman, seems to have entirely disappeared. It was not only +picturesque, but an exceedingly useful utensil.</p> +<p>The <i>wawl-kote</i>, or carrying-cradle for the baby, is obsolete, +too, now. Strange to say, tho in shape like most pappoose-cradles, it +was carried poised on the head, instead of slung on the back in the +usual way.</p> +<p>The Pimas are fond of conversation and often come together in the +evening and have long talks. Their voices are low, rapid, soft and very +pleasant and they laugh, smile and joke a great deal. They are +remarkable for calmness and evenness of temper and the expression of +the face is nearly always intelligent, frank, and good-natured.</p> +<p>They are noticeably devoid of hurry, worry, irritability or +nervousness.</p> +<p>Unlike most Indians these have not been removed from the soil of +their fathers and, indeed, such an act would have been cruelly unjust, +for, true to their name, the Pimas have maintained an unbroken peace +with the whites.</p> +<p>Lieutenant Colonel W. H. Emory, of “The Army of the +West,” who visited them in 1846, was perhaps the first American +to observe and describe these people. He says: “Both nations +(Pimas and Maricopas) cherished an aversion to war and a profound +attachment to all the peaceful <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" +href="#pb58" name="pb58">58</a>]</span>pursuits of life. This +predilection arose from no incapacity for war, for they were at all +times able and willing to keep the Apaches, whose hands are raised +against all other people, at a respectful distance, and prevent +depredations by those mountain robbers who held Chihuahua, Sonora and a +part of Durango in a condition approaching almost to tributary +provinces.”</p> +<p>As observed by Emory and the other officers of the “Army of +the West” they were an agricultural people raising at that time +“cotton, wheat, maize, beans, pumpkins and water melons.” I +found them raising all these in 1903, except cotton, and I think he +might have added to his list, peppers, gourds, tobacco and the pea +called <i>cah-lay-vahs</i>.</p> +<p>Emory says: “We were at once impressed with the beauty, order, +and disposition of the arrangements made for irrigating the land ... +the fields are subdivided by ridges of earth into rectangles of about +200×100 feet, for the convenience of irrigating. The fences are +of sticks, matted with willow and mezquite.” I found this still +comparatively correct. The fields are still irrigated by +<i>acequias</i> or ditches from the Gila, and still fenced by forks of +trees set closely in the ground and reinforced with branches of thorn +or barbed wire. Some of these fences with their antler-like effect of +tops are very picturesque.</p> +<p>From the description given by Emory, and Captain A. R. Johnson of +the same army, of their <i>kees</i> or winter lodges, they were +essentially the same as I found some of them still inhabiting. There is +the following entry in my journal: “I have been examining the old +kee next door, since the old couple left it. It is quite neatly and +systematically made. Four large forks are set in the ground, and these +support a square of large poles, covered with other poles, arrow-weeds, +chaff and earth, for the roof. The walls are a neat arrangement of +small saplings, about 10 inches apart curving up from the ground on a +bending slant to the roof, so that the whole structure comes to +resemble a turtle-shell or rather an inverted <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb59" href="#pb59" name="pb59">59</a>]</span>bowl. +These side sticks are connected by three lines of smaller sticks tied +across them with withes, all the way around the kee. Against these +arrow-weeds are stood, closely and neatly, tops down (perhaps thatched +on) and kept in place by three more lines of small sticks, bound on and +corresponding to those within. Then the whole structure is plastered +over with adobe mud till rain-proof. No window, and only one small +door, about 2½ feet square, closed by a slat-work.”</p> +<p>This kee of the Pima was not to his credit. The most friendly must +admit it dirty, uncomfortable and unpicturesque. It was too low to +stand erect in, the little fire was made in the center, the smoke +escaping at last from the low doorway after trying everywhere else and +festooning the ceiling with soot.</p> +<p>The establishment of the Pima was most simple. He sat, ate and slept +on the earth, consequently a few mats and blankets, baskets, bowls and +pots included his furniture. A large earthen olla, called by the Pimas +<i>hah-ah</i>, stood in a triple fork under the shade of the vachtoe +and being porous enough to permit a slight evaporation kept the +drinking water cool.</p> +<p>The arbor-shed or vachtoe pertains to almost every Piman home and +consists of a flat roof of poles and arrow-weeds supported by stout +forks. Sometimes earth is added to the roof to keep off rain. Sometimes +the sides are enclosed with a rude wattle work of weeds and bushes, +making a grateful shade, admitting air freely; screening those within +from view, while permitting vision from within outward in any +direction. Sometimes this screen of weeds and bushes, in a circular +form, was made without any roof and was then called an <i>o-num</i>. +Sometimes after the vachtoe had been inclosed with wattle work the +whole structure was plastered over with adobe mud and then became a +<i>caws-seen</i>, or storehouse. All these structures were used at +times as habitations, but now the Pima is coming more and more to the +white man’s adobe cottage as a house and home. But the vachtoe, +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb60" href="#pb60" name= +"pb60">60</a>]</span>attached or detached, is still a feature of almost +every homestead.</p> +<p>Under the vachtoe usually stood the <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e1103" title="Source: matate">metate</span>, or mill (called by +the Pimas <i>mah-choot</i>) which was a large flat or concave stone, +below, across which was rubbed an oblong, narrow stone +(<i>vee-it-kote</i>), above, to grind the corn or wheat. Other +important utensils were a <i>vatchee-ho</i>, or wooden trough, for +mixing, and a chee-o-pah, or mortar, of wood or stone, for crushing +things with a pestle. The <i>nah-dah-kote</i>, or fire-place, was an +affair of stones and adobe mud to support the earthern pots for cooking +or to support the earthern plates on which the thin cakes of corn or +wheat meal were baked. These were what the Mexicans call tortillas. +Perhaps the staple food of the Pima even more than corn (<i>hohn</i>) +or wheat (<i>payl-koon</i>) is frijole beans—these of two kinds, +the white (<i>bah-fih</i>)<span class="corr" id="xd20e1128" title= +"Not in source">,</span> the brown (<i>mohn</i>). A sort of meal made +of parched corn or wheat; ground on the mahchoot and eaten, or perhaps +one might say drank, with water and brown sugar (<i>pano-che</i>) was +the famous <i>pinole</i>, the food carried on war trips when nutrition, +lightness of weight and smallness of bulk were all desired. It has a +remarkable power to cool and quench thirst. <i>Taw-mahls</i>, or +corn-cakes of ground green corn, wrapped in husks and roasted in the +ashes, or boiled, were also favorites. Peppers (<i>kaw-aw-kull</i>) +were a good deal used for seasoning and relishes.</p> +<p>Today the country of the Pima is very destitute of large game but he +adds to the above bill of fare all the small game, especially rabbits, +quail and doves, that he can kill. In the old days when the Gila always +had water it held fine fish and the Indians caught them with their +hands or swept them up on the banks by long chains of willow hurdles or +faggots, carried around the fish by waders. I could not learn that they +ever had any true fish-nets or fish-hooks; nor any rafts, canoes or +other boats. But owing to the frequent necessity of crossing the +treacherous Gila the men, and many of the women, were good swimmers. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name= +"pb61">61</a>]</span></p> +<p>The Toe-hawn-awh Aw-aw-tam, or Papagoes, whose reservation is in +Pima County, near Tucson (and called St. Xavier) are counted +“blood brothers” of the Pimas, speak essentially the same +language, are on the most cordial terms with them, and are under the +same agency.</p> +<p>The Maricopas are a refugee tribe, related to the Yumas, who once +threatened them with extermination because of an inter-tribal feud. +They were adopted by the Pimas and protected by them, and have ever +since lived with them as one people, having however a different +language, identical with that of the Yumas.</p> +<p>The Quojatas are a small tribe, of the Piman stock, living south of +the Casa Grande.</p> +<p>The total number of Pimas, Papagoes and Maricopas in the U. S. is +now estimated at about 8000, the Pimas alone as 4000.</p> +<p>I am not a linguist, or a philologist, and my time was short with +these people, and I did not go to any extent into their language, or +study its grammar. Their voices were soft and pleasant, and I was +continually surprised at the low tones in which they generally +conversed and the quickness with which they heard. But their words were +most awkward to my tongue. There were German sounds, and French sounds, +too, I would say, in their language, and there were letters that seemed +to disappear as they uttered them, or never to come really forth, and +syllables that were swallowed like spoonfuls of hot soup.</p> +<p>But I trust that I am substantially correct in the words that I have +retained in the stories and that I have written them so that the +English reader can pronounce them in a way to be understood.</p> +<p>The accent is generally on the first syllable. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name="pb62">62</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e694" href="#xd20e694src" name="xd20e694">1</a></span> What the +Pimas call the <i>haht-sahn-kahm</i> is the wickedest cactus in +Arizona. The tops of the branches fall off, and lie on the ground, and +if stepped on the thorns will go thru ordinary shoe leather and seem to +hold with the tenacity of fish-hooks, so that it is almost <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e699" title="Source: mpossible">impossible</span> to +draw them out.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="ahahnheeattoepahk" class="div1 story"><span class= +"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e1167" class="main">The Story of Ah-ahn-he-eat-toe-pahk +Mahkai</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd there was +an orphan named <i>Ah-ahn-he-eat-toe-pahk Mahkai</i> (which means +Braided-Feather Doctor) who lived at a place called Two Reservoirs +(<i>Go-awk-Vahp-itchee-kee</i>) north of Cheoff-Skaw-mack, or Tall Gray +Mountain.</p> +<p>And his only relative was an old grandmother. And she used to go and +get water in earthern vessels, a number of them in her carrying basket. +And when she neared home she would call to her grandson, saying: +“Come, help me wrestle with it!” meaning to help her down +with her load. And he would jump and run, and wrestle so roughly he +would break all the vessels in her basket.</p> +<p>And thus was he mean and mischievous, a bad boy in many ways. And +one day his grandmother sent him to get some of the vegetable called +“owl’s-feathers,” which the Awawtam cook by making it +into a sort of tortilla, baked on the hot ground where a fire has just +been. And he went and found an owl and pulled its feathers out & +brought them to the old woman, and she said: “This is not what I +want! It is a vegetable that I mean!”</p> +<p>And so he went off again and got the vegetable owl’s-feathers +for her. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name= +"pb63">63</a>]</span></p> +<p>After that she sent him for the vegetables named +“crow’s-feet” and +“blackbird’s-eyes,” saying to him that they were very +good cooked together. And the mischievous orphan went & got the +feet of some real crows and the eyes of real blackbirds and brought +them to her. And she said: “This is not what I mean! I want the +vegetables named after these things!”</p> +<p>And the boy, who was then about twelve years old, went and got what +she wanted and she cooked them.</p> +<p>And this orphan boy had a dream which he liked and wished to have +come true, and went to a dance that was being danced in the +neighborhood, a ceremonial dance such as is celebrated when a young +girl arrives at womanhood, and he went to see it, hoping it would in +some way be like his dream, but when he saw it he was disgusted.</p> +<p>And he went to hear the song of a singing doctor, a mahkai or +medicine-man, but when he heard his singing he was disgusted with that +too.</p> +<p>And he left his home and on his way found a little house, or kee, +made of rough bushes. And the one who lived therein invited him to stay +awhile and see all the different people who would arrive there.</p> +<p>And he did so, and in the early evening they came—all the +fiercest animals, cougars, bears, eagles, and they were bewitching each +other, but nobody bewitched him, and in the morning he went on. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href="#pb64" name= +"pb64">64</a>]</span></p> +<p>And he went along until he came to another kee, and the owner +invited him to stay over night and see all the people who came there. +And he did so, and in the early evening came the same creatures and did +the same as before, but he was not bewitched.</p> +<p>And he went on again till he came to a desert place, utterly barren, +without trees or bushes and there a wind came to meet him, a whirlwind, +<i>Seev-a-lick</i>, and it caught him up and carried him to the East +& then back again; and to the North and back again; and to the West +& back again; and then South & back again. And so it got +possession of his soul and carried it off to its own place.</p> +<p>And Seevalick, the whirlwind, said to him: “You shall be like +me.”</p> +<p>And there his dream came true and he said: “This is what I was +looking for; this it is for which I was travelling.”</p> +<p>And he wished to go back, and the wind took his soul back again into +his body, and so he returned to his home.</p> +<p>And after his return he was the best young man in the country, kind +to everybody, and everybody liked him. But he did not care to be with +boys of his own age, but liked better to be with the wise old men, and +went where they came together at nights. And he would sit and listen to +them, but did not attempt to make any speeches himself. His reasons +were that the young were often vicious, thieves, beggars, murderers, +and he would <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" name= +"pb65">65</a>]</span>rather be with the old who followed what was +better.</p> +<p>And in the evening he would often hear <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e1217" title="Source: the the">the</span> old people say: +“We will go rabbit-hunting in such a place,” but he stayed +at home and did not go with them.</p> +<p>But one night, after a while, when they said: “Tomorrow we +will go jack-rabbit hunting,” he went home as they did, but the +next morning, when they went hunting, he went and made himself a bow +& arrows, as Seevalick had told him and placed them where he could +find them.</p> +<p>And the next evening they were talking again of hunting, and +appointed a place to meet, and the following morning, when they were +getting ready, he got his bows & arrows, but he did not come quite +up to the meeting place, but sat a little way off.</p> +<p>And as he sat there the people came up to him and made fun of him +and asked him if he expected to kill anything with his weapons, for he +had made a big bow & arrows as the Whirlwind had done. And the +people handed these about among themselves, laughing, and when they +were thru ridiculing them they brought back the bow and arrows and laid +them down before him. But he said nothing, and when the people were +thru he left the bow & arrows there, and went home and went again +to look for a suitable stick to make a bow from.</p> +<p>And he made a new bow & arrows and left them where he could find +them, and went home. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" +name="pb66">66</a>]</span></p> +<p>And again he went in the evening to the old people’s gathering +and heard them appoint a place for the hunting, and went home when they +did. And in the morning, when he heard the signal cry for hunting, he +went and got his bow & arrows and followed after them again, but +again stayed some distance off. And again the people came about him and +handled his bow & <span class="corr" id="xd20e1232" title= +"Source: arrrows">arrows</span> and laughed at them. And again he left +them lying there on the ground and went home to make a new bow & +arrows.</p> +<p>And the fourth time this happened he was late at the place of +meeting, and before he came the one at whose house the meeting was said +to the others: “There is a young man who has been several times +with us to the place where we come together for the hunting, and I +suppose he has made a new bow & arrows today, for he has to do that +whenever you handle his weapons. Now I want you not to handle his +weapons any more, but to let him be till we see what he will do, for it +appears to me that he is some kind of a powerful personage +(mahkai).</p> +<p>And Toehahvs, who was listening, said: “You yourself, were the +very first to handle his weapons.”</p> +<p>And the next morning when Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai heard the signal +yells for the hunting, he went to the meeting place, with his bow and +arrows, and sat away off, as before, but this time nobody came to him. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb67" href="#pb67" name= +"pb67">67</a>]</span></p> +<p>And then the hunting began, and in it some one called to him: +“There is a jack-rabbit (<i>choo-uff</i>) coming your way!” +and he shot the rabbit with his arrow; but when he came to it he did +not pick it up, but grasped the arrow and with a swinging motion threw +the rabbit from it to the man nearest him.</p> +<p>And thus he went on all day, killing rabbits and giving them to +others, keeping none for himself.</p> +<p>And again he was late at the place of meeting, and the man who had +spoken the night before said: “Now you see what he has done! This +is the fourth bow that he has made. If you people had left him alone +before, he would, before this, have been killing game for you. And now +if you do not disturb him I am sure he will go on, and you will have +jack-rabbits to eat all the time.”</p> +<p>And so he killed rabbits at every hunt, and gave them away, +especially to the old. Whenever he killed one he would pick it up and +give it to an old man, and keep on that way.</p> +<p>And one night at the place of meeting the spokesman said: +“Tomorrow we will surround the mountain and hunt deer, and we +will put him at the place where the deer will run, and we will see how +many he will kill!”</p> +<p>And in the morning, at the mountain, they placed him at the +deer-run, and told him to “shut the valley,” meaning for +him to head-off and kill any deer which might run toward him. But the +young man began to get big rocks and try to make <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name="pb68">68</a>]</span>a wall +to close the valley up, and paid no attention to the deer running past +him, and when the people came and asked him about his shooting he said: +“You did not tell me to kill the deer, you told me to ‘shut +the valley.’”</p> +<p>(Not but what he understood them, but he was acting again as he had +once done with his grandmother.)</p> +<p>And the next day they tried another mountain and said: “We +will see if the young man will kill us any deer there.” So when +they came to this mountain they told him to go to a certain valley, on +the other side, and hang himself there. This is a form of speech which +means to hang around or remain at a place; but the young hunter went +there and left his bow & arrows on the ground, and hung himself up +by his two hands clasped around the limb of a tree.</p> +<p>And after they had chased many deer in his direction they said: +“Let us go now & butcher-up the deer the young man has +killed, for he must have killed a good many by this time.”</p> +<p>But when they came to where the young man was, there he hung by his +hands, and when they asked him how many he had killed, he said: +“I have not killed any. You did not tell me to kill any, only to +hang myself here, which I did, and I have hung here and watched the +deer running past.”</p> +<p>And they tried him again, on another morning, at another valley, and +this time they told him if <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href= +"#pb69" name="pb69">69</a>]</span>he saw a doe big with fawn, +“<i>snon-ham</i>,” which is also the word used for a woman +soon to become a mother, he should kill her. And he went to his place, +and there came by such a woman and he shot her down and killed her.</p> +<p>And the next day they took him to another mountain and told him to +kill the “<i>kurly</i>,” which means the old, but they +meant him to understand old deer. And when they came to him later to +butcher-up the deer he had killed, and asked him where they were, he +replied: “I have not killed any deer, you did not tell me to kill +deer, but to kill the kurly, and there is the kurly I have +killed!”</p> +<p>And it was the old man who goes ahead whom he had shot with his +arrow.</p> +<p>And after they had buried the old man they returned to the village, +and that night the man who owned the meeting place said: +“Tomorrow we must give him another trial, and this time I want +you to tell him straight just what you want. Tell him to kill the deer, +either young or old, and he will do it. If you had done this before he +would have killed us many deer. You should have understood him better +by this time, but you did not tell him straight, and now he has killed +two of us.”</p> +<p>And the next morning they took him to another mountain, and placed +him in a low place, and told him to kill all the deer which came his +way. And when they went after a while, after chasing many deer toward +him, they asked him where the deer <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb70" +href="#pb70" name="pb70">70</a>]</span>were which he had killed, and he +replied: “Down in the low place you will find plenty deer.” +And they went there and found many dead deer of all kinds, and +butchered them up. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb71" href="#pb71" +name="pb71">71</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e1289" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e1290" class="main">Notes on the Story of +Ah-ahn-he-eat-toe-pahk Mahkai</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In the story of Ah-ahn-he-eat-toe-pahk Mahkai we are +introduced to the Indian faith in dreams and to more witchcraft. We +come, too, to the national sport of rabbit-hunting, with its +picturesqueness and excitement.</p> +<p>In the transaction between Seevalick and the boy we have a +reappearance of the world-wide belief that there is a connection +between the wind and the human soul.</p> +<p>The strange quality of savage humor, labored, sometimes gruesome, +and often tragic, appears in the latter part of the tale.</p> +<p>It is noticeable that they buried the old man, but no mention is +made of burying the woman who was shot. The Pimas of old time buried +their dead in a sitting posture, neck and knees tied together with +ropes, four to six feet under ground, and covered the grave with logs +and thorn-brush to keep away wolves. The interment was usually at +night, with chants, but without other ceremony. Then, immediately +after, the house of the deceased was burned, and all personal effects +destroyed, even food; the horses and cattle being killed and eaten by +the mourners, excepting such as the deceased might have given to his +heirs. After the prescribed time of mourning (one month for a child or +distant relative, six months or a year for husband or wife) the name of +the dead was never more mentioned and everything about him treated as +forgotten.</p> +<p>The Maricopas burn their dead.</p> +<p>It is noticeable, too, that no one appears to have punished the +slayer for his murderous practical jokes. Indeed, while the Awawtam +appear to have been people of exceptionally good character, it also +appears that they seldom punished any crimes except by a sort of +boycott or pressure of public disapproval. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" name="pb72">72</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="vandaih" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e1306" class="main">The Story of Vandaih, The +Man-eagle</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd thus +<span class="corr" id="xd20e1310" title= +"Source: Ahahnheteatoepahk">Ahahnheeattoepahk</span> Mahkai became +famous for the killing of game; and there was another young man, named +<i>Van-daih</i>, who wanted to be his friend<span class="corr" id= +"xd20e1316" title="Source: ,">.</span> So one day Vandaih made him four +tube-pipes of cane, such as the Indians use for ceremonious smoking, +and went to see the young hunter. But when he entered the young man was +lying down, and he just looked at Vandaih and then turned his face +away, saying nothing<span class="corr" id="xd20e1319" title= +"Source: ,">.</span></p> +<p>And Vandaih sat there and when the young man became tired of lying +one way and turned over he lit up one of his pipes. But the young man +took no notice of him. And this went on all night. Every time there was +a chance Vandaih tried his pipe, but Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai never +spoke, and in the morning Vandaih went away without the friend he +desired having responded to him.</p> +<p>The next evening Vandaih came again and sat there all night, but the +friend he courted never said a word, and in the morning he went away +again.</p> +<p>And he slept in the daytime, and when evening came he went again, +and sat all night long, but the young man spoke to him not at all.</p> +<p>And the third morning that this happened the wife of +Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai said to him: <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb73" href="#pb73" name="pb73">73</a>]</span>“Why are you so +mean to Vandaih as never to speak to him? Perhaps he has something +important to say. He comes here every night, and sits the whole night +thru before you, and you do not speak to him. And maybe he will come +tonight again, and I feel very sorry for him that you never say a word +to him when he comes.”</p> +<p>And the young man said: “I know it is true, what you have +said, but I know, too, very well, that Vandaih is not a good man. He +gambles with the <i>gains-skoot</i>, he is a liar, a thief, licentious, +and is everything that is bad. I wish some other boys would come to see +me instead of him, and better than he, for I know very well that he +will repeat things that I say in a way that I did not mean and raise a +scandal about it.”</p> +<p>And the next night Vandaih came again and sat in the same place; and +when Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai saw him he just looked at him and then +turned over and went to sleep. But along in the night he awoke, and +when Vandaih saw he was awake he lit one of his pipes. Then +Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai got up. And when he got up Vandaih buried his +pipe, but the other said: “What do you bury your pipe for? I want +to smoke.”</p> +<p>Vandaih said: “I have another pipe,” and he lit one and +gave it to Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai, and then he dug up <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e1341" title="Not in source">his</span> own pipe, and +relighted it, and they both began to smoke.</p> +<p>And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai said: “When <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb74" href="#pb74" name="pb74">74</a>]</span>did you +come?” And Vandaih replied: “O just a little while +ago.”</p> +<p>And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai said: “I have seen you here for +four nights, now, but I know you too well not to know you have a way to +follow,” [“a way to follow” means to have some +purpose behind] “but if you will quit all the bad habits you have +I will be glad to have you come; but there are many others, better than +you, whom I would rather have come to see me.</p> +<p>And now I am going to tell you something, but I am afraid that when +you go away from here you will tell what I have said and make more of +it, and then people will talk, and I shall be sorry.</p> +<p>I will tell you the habits you have—you are a liar, a gambler +with the dice-game and the <i>wah-pah-tee</i>, a beggar, you follow +after women and are a thief.</p> +<p>Now I want you to stop these bad habits. You may not know all that +the people say about you: They say that when any hunter brings in game +you are always the first to be there, and you will be very apt to +swallow charcoal<a class="noteref" id="xd20e1360src" href="#xd20e1360" +name="xd20e1360src">1</a> if you are so greedy.</p> +<p>Wherever you go, when the people see you coming, they say: +‘There comes a man who is a thief,’ and they hide their +precious things. When you arrive they are kind to you, of course, but +they do not care much about you. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb75" +href="#pb75" name="pb75">75</a>]</span></p> +<p>I don’t know whether you know that people talk thus about you, +but it is a great shame to me to know, when I have done some bad thing, +that people talk about it.</p> +<p>Now if you quit these things you will be happy, and I want you to +stop them. I am not angry with you, but I want you to know how the +people are talking about you.</p> +<p>Now I want you to go home, but not say anything about what I have +told you. Just take a rest, and tomorrow night come again.”</p> +<p>And the next night Vandaih came again, and Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai +was in bed when he came, but he got right up and received him, and +said: “Now after this I mean to tell you what is for your good, +but I want you to keep quiet about it. There are many people that +gamble with you. If they ask you again to gamble with them, do not do +it. Tell them you do not gamble any more. And if they do not stop when +you tell them this, but keep on asking you, come to me, and tell me, +first, that you are going to play. And if I tell you, then, that I do +not want you to gamble, I want you not to do it, but if I tell you you +may gamble & you win once, then you may bet again, but I do not +want you to keep on after winning twice. Twice is enough. But if the +other man beats you at first, then I do not want you to play any more, +but to quit gambling forever.”</p> +<p>And after this a man did want to gamble with <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href="#pb76" name="pb76">76</a>]</span>Vandaih, +but Vandaih said: “I have nothing to wager, and so cannot play +with you.”</p> +<p>And still another man wanted to gamble with him, and he made him the +same answer, but this man kept on asking, and at last Vandaih said: +“Perhaps I will play with you, I will see about it. But I must +have a little time first.” And he came to Ahahnheeattoepahk +Mahkai and said: “There is a man who keeps on asking me to +<span class="corr" id="xd20e1380" title="Source: gemble">gamble</span> +with him, and I have come to tell you about it as you told me to +do.”</p> +<p>And <span class="corr" id="xd20e1385" title= +"Source: Anahnheeattoepahk">Ahahnheeattoepahk</span> Mahkai told him to +gamble, and gave him things to wager on the game, but said: “If +he beats you I do not want you to gamble any more.”</p> +<p>And Vandaih took the things which had been given him, and went & +played a game with this man who was so persistent, and won a game. And +he played another game and won that, and then he said, “That is +enough, I do not want to play any more;” but the other man kept +on asking him to play.</p> +<p>But Vandaih refused & took the things which he had won to +Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai and gave them all to him.</p> +<p>And the next morning he gambled again, and won twice, and he stopped +after the second winning, as before.</p> +<p>And thus the young man kept on winning and Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai +made gainskoot (dice-sticks) for him, and this was one reason why he +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" href="#pb77" name= +"pb77">77</a>]</span>won, for Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai was a powerful +doctor & the dice were charmed.</p> +<p>And he beat every one who played against him till he had beat all +the gamblers of his neighborhood, and then distant gamblers came & +he beat them also. And so he won all the precious things that were in +the country and gave all to Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai & kept nothing +back. But one man went to Ee-ee-toy, who was living at the Salt River +Mountain (<i>Mo-hah-dheck</i>) and asked him to let him have some +things to wager against Vandaih. And Ee-ee-toy said: “You can +have whatever you want, and I will go along to see the game.”</p> +<p>But when Ee-ee-toy got there he found the dice were not like common +dice, and it would be difficult for any one to win against them, they +were made by so powerful a man.</p> +<p>And Ee-eetoy went westward and found a powerful doctor who had a +daughter, and said to the father: “I want your daughter to go +around to all the big trees and find me all the feathers she can of +large birds, not of small birds, and bring them here. And I will come +again & see what she may have found.”</p> +<p>And her father told her, and the very next morning she began to hunt +the feathers, and when Ee-eetoy came again she had a bundle, and +Ee-eetoy took them and took the pith out of their shafts and cleansed +every feather which she had brought him. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb78" href="#pb78" name="pb78">78</a>]</span></p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy threw away the pith and cut the shafts into small +pieces and told the girl to roast them in a broken pot over a fire; and +she got the broken pot & roasted them, and they curled up as they +roasted till they looked like grains of corn. And then he told her to +roast some real corn & mix both together and grind them all up very +fine, <span class="corr" id="xd20e1413" title="Source: And">and</span> +Ee-ee-toy told her to take some ollas of this pinole in her +<i>syih-haw</i> to the reservoirs.</p> +<p>And she did so, and passed by where Vandaih was going to play, and +Vandaih said: “Before I can play I must drink.” But the man +who was playing with him said: “Get some water of some one +near,” but Vandaih said, “I would rather go to the +reservoir.”</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy had prepared the girl before this, telling her that +when she passed the players Vandaih would follow her to the reservoir +and want to marry her. “Be polite to him,” he said +“and ask him to drink some of the pinole, and to see your parents +first.”</p> +<p>And the man who was going to gamble with Vandaih asked him not to go +so far, for he wanted to gamble right away, but Vandaih replied: +“I would rather go there. I will come right back. You be making +holes till I get back.”</p> +<p>So the girl went to the reservoir, and Vandaih followed her and +asked her to be his wife, and she said: “I want you to drink some +of this pinole, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href="#pb79" name= +"pb79">79</a>]</span>and in the evening you may go and see my folks and +ask them about it.”</p> +<p>So Vandaih mixed some pinole and drank it, and it made him feel +feverish, like one with a cold; and the second time he drank the +goose-flesh came out on his skin; and the third time he drank feathers +came out all over him; and the fourth time long feathers grew out on +his arms; and the fifth time he became an eagle and went and perched on +the high place, or bank of the reservoir.</p> +<p>Then the girl went to the place where the other man was waiting to +play the game and told all the people to come and see the terrible +thing which had happened to Vandaih.</p> +<p>And the people, when they saw him, got their bows and arrows and +surrounded him and were going to shoot him.</p> +<p>And they fired arrows at him, and some of them struck him, but could +not pierce him, and then all were afraid of him. And first he began to +hop around, and then to fly a little higher, until he perched on a +tree, but he broke the tree down; and he tried another tree and broke +that down; and then he flew to a mountain and tumbled its rocks down +its side, and finally he settled on a strong cliff. And even the cliff +swayed at first as if it would fall,—but finally it settled and +stood still.</p> +<p>And this was foretold when the earth was being made, that one of the +race of men should be <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" +name="pb80">80</a>]</span>turned into an eagle. Vandaih was a handsome +man, but he had a bad character, and ever since the beginning parents +had warned their children to practice virtue lest they be turned into +eagles; because it had been foretold that some good-looking bad person +should be thus transformed, and it was to be seen that good-looking +people were often bad and homely ones good characters.</p> +<p>And Vandaih took that cliff for his residence and hunted over all +the country round about, killing jack-rabbits, deer and all kinds of +game for his food. And when the game became scarce he turned to men and +one day he killed a man and took the body to his cliff to eat. And +after this manner he went on. Early in the morning he would bring home +a human being, and sometimes he would bring home two.</p> +<p>Then the people sent a messenger to Ee-eetoy, to his home on +Mohahdheck, asking him to kill for them this man-eagle. And Ee-ee-toy +said to the man: “You can go back, and in about four days I will +be there.” But when the fourth day came Ee-eetoy had not arrived, +as he had promised, but Vandaih was among the people, killing them, +carrying them away to the cliff.</p> +<p>And the people again sent the messenger, saying to him: “You +must tell Ee-ee-toy he <i>must</i> come and help his people or we shall +all be lost.”</p> +<p>And the man delivered his message and Ee-ee-toy said, as before, +that he would be there in four days. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb81" href="#pb81" name="pb81">81</a>]</span></p> +<p>And this went on, the people sending to Ee-ee-toy, and Ee-ee-toy +promising to come in four days, until a whole year had passed. And not +only for one year, but for four years, for the people had misunderstood +him, and when he said four days he meant four years, and so for four +years it went on as we have said.</p> +<p>(Now Ee-ee-toy and Vandaih were relatives, and that was one reason +why Ee-ee-toy kept the people waiting so long for his help and worked +to gain time. He did not want to hurt Vandaih.)</p> +<p>But when the fourth year came Ee-ee-toy did go, and told the people +to get him the “seed-roaster.”</p> +<p>And the people ran around, guessing what he meant, and they brought +him the charcoal, but Ee-ee-toy said: “I did not mean this, I +meant the ‘seed-roaster’!”</p> +<p>So they ran around again, and they brought him the long open earthen +vessel with handles at each end, used for roasting, and with it they +brought the charcoal which is made from ironwood. But he said: “I +did not mean these. I mean the ‘seed-roaster.’”</p> +<p>And they kept on guessing, and nobody could guess it right. They +brought him the black stones of the nahdahcote, or fire place, and he +said: “I do not want these. I want the +‘seed-roaster.’”</p> +<p>And the people kept on guessing, and could not guess it right, and +so, at last, he told them that what he wanted was obsidian, that black +volcanic <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href="#pb82" name= +"pb82">82</a>]</span>stone, like glass, from which arrow heads are +made. And this was what he called the “seed-roaster.”</p> +<p>So the people got it for him.</p> +<p>Then he told them to bring him four springy sticks. And they ran and +brought all the kinds of springy sticks they could find, but he told +them he did not mean any of these.</p> +<p>And for many days they kept on trying to get him the sticks which he +wanted. And after they had completely failed Ee-ee-toy told them what +he wanted. It was a kind of stick called <i>vahs-iff</i>, which did not +grow there, therefore they had not been able to find it. And beside +vahsiff sticks were not springy sticks at all, but the strongest kind +of sticks, very stiff.</p> +<p>So they sent a person to get these, who brought them, and Ee-ee-toy +whittled them so that they had sharp points. And there were four of +them.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy said: “Now I am going, and I want you to watch +the top of the highest mountain, and if you see a big cloud over it, +you will know I have done something wonderful. But if there is a fog +over the world for four days you will know I am killed.”</p> +<p>When he started he allowed one of the dust storms of the desert to +arise, and went in that, so that the man-eagle should not see him.</p> +<p>For many days he journeyed toward the cliff, and when sunset of the +last day came he was still a good way off; but he went on and arrived +at <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83" name= +"pb83">83</a>]</span>the foot of the cliff after it was dark, and hid +himself there under a rock.</p> +<p>About daybreak the man-eagle got up and flew around the cliff four +times and then flew off. And after he was gone Ee-ee-toy took one of +his sticks and stuck it into a crack in the cliff, and climbed on it, +and stuck another above it and so he went on to the top, pulling out +the sticks behind him and putting them in above.</p> +<p>And when he got to the home of the man-eagle, Vandaih, on the top of +the cliff, he found a woman there. And she was the same woman who had +given Vandaih the pinole with eagles’ feathers in it. He had +found her, and carried her up there, and made her his wife.</p> +<p>When Ee-ee-toy came to the woman he found she had a little boy, and +he asked her if the child could speak yet, and she replied that he was +just beginning to talk; and he enquired further when the man-eagle +would return, and she said that formerly when game was plenty he had +not stayed away long, but now that game was scarce it usually took him +about half a day, so he likely would not be there till noon.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy enquired: “What does he do when he comes back? +Does he sleep or not? Does he lie right down, or does he go looking +around first?”</p> +<p>And the wife said: “He looks all around first, everywhere. And +even the little flies he will kill, he is so afraid that some one will +come to kill <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href="#pb84" name= +"pb84">84</a>]</span>him. And after he has looked around, and finished +eating, he comes to lay his head in my lap and have me look for the +lice in his head. And it is then that he goes to sleep.”</p> +<p>So Ee-ee-toy turned into a big fly and hid in a crack in the rock, +and asked the <span class="corr" id="xd20e1505" title= +"Source: moman">woman</span> if she could see him, and she said: +“Yes, I can see you very plainly.”</p> +<p>And he hid himself three times, and each time she could see him, but +the fourth time he got into one of the dead bodies, into its lungs, and +had her pile the other dead bodies over him, and then when he asked her +she said: “No, I cannot see you now.”</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy told her: “As soon as he goes to sleep, whistle, +so that I may know that he is surely asleep.”</p> +<p>At noon Ee-ee-toy heard the man-eagle coming. He was bringing two +bodies, still living & moaning, and dropped them over the place +where Ee-ee-toy lay. And the first thing the man-eagle did was to look +all around, and he said to his wife: “What smell is this that I +smell?” And she said: “What kind of a smell?” And he +replied: “Why, it smells like an uncooked person!” +“These you have just brought in are uncooked persons, perhaps it +is these you smell.”</p> +<p>Then Vandaih went to the pile of dead bodies and turned them over +& over, but the oldest body at the bottom he did not examine, for +he did not think there could be anyone there. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name="pb85">85</a>]</span></p> +<p>So his wife cooked his dinner, and he ate it and then asked her to +look for the lice in his head. And as he lay down he saw a fly pass +before his face, and he jumped up to catch it, but the fly got into a +crack in the rock where he could not get it.</p> +<p>And when he lay down again the child said: “Father! +come!” And Vandaih said: “Why does he say that? He never +said that before. He must be trying to tell me that some one is coming +to injure me!” But the wife said: “You know he is only +learning to talk, and what he means is that he is glad that his father +has come. That is very plain.” But Vandaih said: “No, I +think he is trying to tell me some one has come.”</p> +<p>But at last Vandaih lay down and the woman searched his head and +sang to put him to sleep. And when he seemed sound asleep she whistled. +And her whistle waked him up and he said: “Why did you whistle! +you never did that before?” And she said: “I whistled +because I am so glad about the game you have brought. I used to feel +bad about the people you killed, but now I know I must be contented +& rejoice when you have a good hunt. And after this I will whistle +every time when you bring game home.”</p> +<p>And she sang him to sleep again, and whistled when he slept; and +waked him up again, and said the same thing again in reply to his +question.</p> +<p>And the third time, while she was singing, she turned +Vandaih’s head from side to side. And <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb86" href="#pb86" name="pb86">86</a>]</span>when he +seemed fast asleep she whistled. And after she had whistled she turned +the head again, but Vandaih did not get up, and so she knew that this +time he was fast asleep.</p> +<p>So Ee-ee-toy came out of the dead body he had hidden in, and came to +where Vandaih was, and the woman laid his head down & left him. And +Ee-ee-toy took the knife which he had made from the volcanic glass, +obsidian, and cut Vandaih’s throat, and beheaded him, and threw +his head eastward & his body westward. And he beheaded the child, +too, and threw its head westward and its body eastward.</p> +<p>And because of the killing of so powerful a personage the cliff +swayed as if it would fall down, but Ee-ee-toy took one of his +sharpened stakes and drove it into the cliff and told the woman to hold +onto that; and he took another and drove that in and took hold of that +himself.</p> +<p>And after the cliff had steadied enuf, Ee-ee-toy told the woman to +heat some water, and when she had done so he sprinkled the dead +bodies.</p> +<p>The first ones he sprinkled came to life and he asked them where +<span class="corr" id="xd20e1538" title="Source: there">their</span> +home was & when they told him he sent them there by his power.</p> +<p>And he had more water heated and sprinkled more bodies, and when he +learned where their home was he sent them home, also, by his power.</p> +<p>And this was done a third time, with a third set of bodies.</p> +<p>And the <span class="corr" id="xd20e1548" title= +"Source: forth">fourth</span> time the hot water was sprinkled +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name= +"pb87">87</a>]</span>on the oldest bodies of all, the mere skeletons, +and it took them a long time to come to life, and when they were +revived they could not remember where their homes were or where they +had come from. So Ee-ee-toy cut off eagles’ feathers +slanting-wise (pens) and gave them, and gave them dried blood mixed +with water (ink) and told them their home should be in the East, and by +the sign of the slanting-cut feather they should know each other. And +they are the white people of this day. And he sent them eastward by his +power.</p> +<p>And in the evening he & the woman went down the cliff by the aid +of the sharpened stakes, even as he had come up, and when they reached +the foot of the mountain they stayed there over night. They took some +of the long eagle feathers and made a kee from them, & some of the +soft eagle feathers and made a bed with them. And they stayed there +four nights, at the foot of the cliff.</p> +<p>And after a day’s journey they made another kee of shorter +eagle feathers, and a bed of tail feathers. And they staid at this +second camp four nights.</p> +<p>And then they journeyed on again another day and build another kee, +like the first one, & stayed there also four nights.</p> +<p>And they journeyed on yet another day and built again a kee, like +the second one, and stayed there four nights.</p> +<p>And on the morning of each fourth day Ee-ee-toy took the bath of +purification, as the Pimas <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb88" href= +"#pb88" name="pb88">88</a>]</span>have since done when they have slain +Apaches, and when he arrived home he did not go right among the people +but stayed out in the bushes for a while.</p> +<p>And the people knew he had killed Vandaih, the man-eagle, for they +had watched and had seen the cloud over the high mountain.</p> +<p>And after the killing of Vandaih, for a long time, the people had +nothing to be afraid of, and they were all happy. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href="#pb89" name="pb89">89</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e1570" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e1571" class="main">Notes on the Story of Vandaih</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In the story of Vandaih we are given a curious glimpse +into Indian friendship. The reference to smoking, too, is interesting. +The Pimas had no true pipes. They used only cigarettes of tobacco and +corn-husk, or else short tubes of cane stuffed with tobacco. These I +have called tube-pipes. They smoked on all ceremonial occasions, but +appear to have had no distinctive pipe of peace. The ceremonial pipes +of cane had bunches of little birds’ feathers tied to them, and +in my photo of the old seeneeyawkum he holds such a ceremonial pipe in +his hand.</p> +<p>“He gambles with the gain-skoot:” The gain-skoot were +the Pima dice—two sticks so marked and painted as to represent +the numerals kee-ick (four) and choat-puh (six), and two called +respectively see-ick-ko, the value of which was fourteen, and gains, +the value of which was fifteen. These were to be held in the hand and +knocked in the air with a flat round stone. At the same time there was +to be on the ground a <span class="corr" id="xd20e1577" title= +"Source: paralellogram">parallelogram</span> of holes with a sort of +goal, or “home,” at two corners. If the sticks all fell +with face sides up they counted five<span class="corr" id="xd20e1580" +title="Source: ,">.</span> If all fell with blank sides up it was ten. +If only one face side turned up it counted its full value, but if two +or three turned up then they counted only as one each. If a gain was +scored the count was kept by placing little sticks or stones +(soy-yee-kuh) in the holes as counters. If the second player overtook +the first in a hole the first man was “killed” and had to +begin over. Among all Indians gambling was a besetting vice, and there +was nothing they would not wager.</p> +<p>Sometimes instead of the gain-skoot they used waw-pah-tee, which was +simply a guessing game. They guessed in which hand a certain painted +stick was held, or in which of four decorated cane-tubes, filled with +sand, a certain little ball was hidden and wagered on their guess. +These tubes were differently marked, and one was named “Old +Man,” one “Old Woman,” one “Black Head,” +and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb90" href="#pb90" name= +"pb90">90</a>]</span>one “Black in the Middle.” Sticks were +given to keep count of winnings.</p> +<p>The moral advice which Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai gives Vandaih, is +very quaint, and the shrewd cunning with which he loads the dice, +pockets the proceeds, and yet finally unloads all the blame on poor +Vandaih, is quite of a piece with the confused morals of most folk-lore +in all lands. On these points it is really very hard to understand the +workings of the primitive mind. Here is certain proof that the +<span class="corr" id="xd20e1589" title="Source: moderu">modern</span> +conscience has evoluted from something very chaotic<span class="corr" +id="xd20e1592" title="Not in source">.</span></p> +<p>It will be noticed that Vandaih drinks the pinole, which bewitches +him, <i>five</i> times instead of the usual four. Whether this is a +mistake of the seeneeyawkum, or significant I do not know. Perhaps four +is a lucky and five an unlucky number<span class="corr" id="xd20e1600" +title="Source: ,">.</span></p> +<p>Another variation in the numerical order is in the woman whistling +only three times, in putting Vandaih to sleep.</p> +<p>As I have before pointed out the reference to white men, and pens +and ink, is evidently a modern interpolation, not altogether lacking in +flavor of sarcasm.</p> +<p>There are suggestions in this story of Jack the Giant Killer, of the +Roc of the Arabian Nights, of the harpies, and of the frightful +creatures, part human, part animal, so familiar in all ancient +folk-lore.</p> +<p>The latter part of this tale is particularly interesting, as perhaps +throwing light on the origin of that mysterious process of purification +for slaying enemies, so peculiar to the Pimas.</p> +<p>It seems to have been held by the Awawtam that to kill an Apache +rendered the slayer unclean, even tho the act itself was most valiant +and praiseworthy, and must be expiated by an elaborate process of +purification. From old Comalk Hawk Kih I got a careful description of +the process.</p> +<p>According to his account, as soon as an Apache had been killed, if +possible, the fact was at once telegraphed to the watchers at home by +the smoke signal from some <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href= +"#pb91" name="pb91">91</a>]</span>mountain. This custom is evidently +referred to in <span class="corr" id="xd20e1618" title= +"Source: E-ee-toy’s">Ee-ee-toy’s</span> cloud over a high +mountain as a signal of success. The Indians apparently regarded smoke +and clouds as closely related, if not the same, as is shown in their +faith in the power of tobacco to make rain.</p> +<p>As soon as the Apache has been killed the slayer begins to fast and +to look for a “father.” His “father” is one who +is to perform all his usual duties for him, for he is now unclean and +cannot do these himself. The “father,” too, must know how +to perform all the ceremonial duties necessary to his office, as will +be explained. If a “father” can be found among the +war-party the slayer need only fast two days, but if not he must wait +till he gets home again, even if it takes four or more days. It appears +that this friend, who has charge of the slayer, is humorously called a +“father” because his “child” is usually so +restless under his long fast, and keeps asking him to do things for him +and divert him.</p> +<p>If there is no “father” for him in the war-party, as +soon as possible a messenger is sent on ahead to get some one at home +to take the office for him, and to make the fires in the kee, that +being a man’s special duty. And the wife of the slayer is also +now unclean by his act, and must purify herself as long as he, tho she +must keep apart from him. And she also must have a substitute to do her +usual work. She must keep close at home, and her husband, the slayer, +remain out in the bushes till the purification is accomplished.</p> +<p>For two days the fast is complete, but on the morning of the third +day the slayer is allowed one drink of pinole, very thin, and no more +than he can drink at one breath. The moment he pauses he can have no +more at that time.</p> +<p>When presenting this pinole<span class="corr" id="xd20e1629" title= +"Source: .">,</span> the “father” makes this speech:</p> +<p>“Your fame has come, and I was overjoyed, and have run all the +way to the ocean, and back again, bringing you this water.</p> +<p>On my return I strengthened myself four times, and in <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb92" href="#pb92" name="pb92">92</a>]</span>the dish +in which I carried the water stood <i>See-vick-a Way-hohm</i>, The Red +Thunder Person, the Lightning, and because of his force I fell +down.</p> +<p>And when I got up I smelled the water in the dish, and it smelled as +if something had been burned in it.</p> +<p>And when I got up I strengthened myself four times, and there came +from the sky, and stood in the dish, <i>Tone-dum +Bah-ahk</i><span class="corr" id="xd20e1647" title= +"Not in source">,</span> The Eagle of Light. And he turned the water in +the dish in a circle, and because of his force I fell down, and when I +rose up again and smelled the water in the dish it was stinking.</p> +<p>And when I had started again I strengthened myself four times, and +<i>Vee-sick</i> the Chicken Hawk, came down <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e1655" title="Source: fromthe">from the</span> sky and stood in +the dish. And by his force I was thrown down. And when I stood again +and smelled the water in the dish, it smelled like fresh blood.</p> +<p>And I started again, strengthening myself four times, and there came +from the East our gray cousin, <i>Skaw-mack Tee-worm-gall</i>, The +Coyote, who threw me down again, and stood in the dish, and turned the +water around, and left it smelling as the coyote smells.</p> +<p>And when I rose up I started again, and in coming to you I have +rested four times; and now I have brought you the water, and so +<span class="corr" id="xd20e1666" title="Source: mauy">many</span> +powerful beings have done wonderful things to it that I want you to +drink it all at one time.”</p> +<p>After the third day the “father” brings his charge a +little to eat every morning and evening, but a very little.</p> +<p>On the morning of the fourth day, at daybreak the slayer takes a +bath of purification, even if it is winter and he has to break the ice +and dive under to do it. And this is repeated on the morning of each +fourth day, till four baths have been taken in sixteen days<span class= +"corr" id="xd20e1673" title="Source: ,">.</span></p> +<p>The slayer finds an owl and without killing him pulls long feathers +out of his wings and takes them home. The slayer had cut a little lock +of hair from the head of the Apache he had killed (for in old times, at +least, the Pimas often took no scalps) and now a little bag of buckskin +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb93" href="#pb93" name= +"pb93">93</a>]</span>is made, and a ball of <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e1680" title="Source: grease-wood">greasewood</span> gum is stuck +on the end of this lock of hair which is placed in the bag, and on the +bag are tied a feather of the owl and one from a chicken hawk, and some +of the soft feathers of an eagle, and around the neck of the bag a +string of blue beads.</p> +<p>(And during this time the women are carrying wood in their giyh-haws +to the dancing place.)</p> +<p>Now the Apaches are contemptuously called children, and this bag +represents a child, being supposed to contain the ghost of the dead +Apache, and the slayer sits on the ground with it, and takes it in his +hands as if it were a baby, and inhales from it four times as if he +were kissing it. And when it is time for the dance the slayers who are +a good ways off from the dancing place start before sunset, but those +who are close wait till the sun is down. And the “father” +goes with the slayer, through woods and bushes, avoiding roads. And +before this the “father” has dug a hole at the dancing +place about ten inches deep and two feet wide, just big enough for a +man to squat in with legs folded, and behind the hole planted a +mezquite fork, about five feet high, on which are hung the weapons of +the slayer, his shield, club, bow, quiver of arrows, perhaps his gun or +lance.</p> +<p>(The shield was made of <span class="corr" id="xd20e1689" title= +"Source: raw hide">rawhide</span>, very thick, able to turn an arrow +and was painted jet black by a mixture of mezquite gum and charcoal, +with water, which made it glossy and shiny. The design on it was in +white, or red and white. The handle was of wood, curved, placed in the +centre of the inside, bound down at the ends by rawhide, and the hand +fended from the rough shield by a piece of sheepskin.)</p> +<p>In this hole the slayer sits down and behind him and the fork lies +down his dancer, for the slayer himself does not dance but some +stranger who represents him perhaps a Papago or a Maricopa, drawn from +a distance by the fame of the exploit. Nor do the slayers sing, but old +men who in their day have slain Apaches. These singers <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name="pb94">94</a>]</span>are each +allowed to sing two songs of their own choice, the rest of the veterans +joining in. And as soon as the first old man begins to sing, the +dancers get up, take the weapons of the men they represent, and dance +around the fire, which the “fathers” keep burning, keeping +time with the song.</p> +<p>And the women cook all kinds of good things, and set them before the +singers, but the bystanders jump in and snatch them away. But sometimes +the wife of an old singer will get something and save it for him.</p> +<p>And the relatives of the slayers will bring presents for the +dancers, buckskin, baskets, and anything that an Indian values. And as +soon as presented some relative of the dancer runs in and takes the +present and keeps it for him.</p> +<p>And while this big war-dance is going on the rest of the people are +having dances in little separate groups, all around. And as soon as the +dance is over the weapons are returned to the forks they were taken +from.</p> +<p>By this time it is nearly morning, and the slayers get up and take +their bath in the river, and return and dry themselves by the expiring +fire. Then returning to the bushes they remain there again four days, +and that is the last of their purification.</p> +<p>As this dance is on the eve of the sixteenth day, there were twenty +days in all.</p> +<p><span class="corr" id="xd20e1708" title= +"Source: Grossmans">Grossman’s</span> account differs +considerably from this, and is worth reading.</p> +<p>During the time of purifying, the slayers wear their hair in a +strange way, like the top-knot of a white woman, somewhat, and in it +stick a stick, called a <i>kuess-kote</i> to scratch themselves with, +as they are not allowed to use the fingers. This is alluded to in the +Story of Paht-ahn-kum’s War. A picture of a Maricopa interpreter, +with his hair thus arranged, is in the report of Col. W. H. Emory, +before alluded to. This picture is interesting, because it shows that +the Maricopas, when with the Pimas, <span class="corr" id="xd20e1716" +title="Source: odopted">adopted</span> the same custom. When I showed +this <span class="corr" id="xd20e1719" title= +"Source: pictnre">picture</span> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb95" +href="#pb95" name="pb95">95</a>]</span>to the old see-nee-yaw-kum he +was much interested, saying he himself had known this man, who was a +relative of his, there being a dash of Maricopa blood in his family, +and that he had been born in Mexico and had there learned Spanish +enough to be an interpreter. His Mexican name, he said, was Francisco +Lucas, but the Pimas called him How-app-ahl Tone-um-kum, or Thirsty +Hawk, a name which has an amusing significance when we recall what +Emory says about his taste for aguardiente, and that Captain Johnston +says of the same man, “the dog had a liquorish tooth.”</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e1360" href="#xd20e1360src" name="xd20e1360">1</a></span> +“To swallow charcoal” implies the swallowing of meat so +greedily it is not properly cleansed of the ashes of its roasting.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="div0" id="night2"> +<h2 id="xd20e1725" class="main">Stories of the Second Night</h2> +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb99" href="#pb99" name= +"pb99">99</a>]</span> +<div id="turquoises" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e1729" class="main">The Story of the Turquoises and the Red +Bird</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd at the +vahahkkee which the white men now call the Casa Grande ruins was the +home of <i>Seeollstchewadack Seeven</i>, or the Morning green +Chief.</p> +<p>And one morning the young women at that place were playing and +having a good time with the game of the knotted rope or balls, which is +called <i>toe-coll</i>.</p> +<p>And in this game the young girls are placed at each end, near the +goals, and at this time, at the west end, one of the young girls +gradually sank into the earth; and as she sank the earth around her +became very green with grass<span class="corr" id="xd20e1743" title= +"Not in source">.</span></p> +<p>And Seeollstchewadack Seeven told the people not to disturb the +green spot until the next morning; and the next morning the green spot +was a green rock, and he told the people to dig around it, and as they +dug they chipped off small pieces, and the people came and got what +they wanted of these pieces of green stone. And they made ear-rings and +ornaments from these green stones, which were +<i>tchew-dack-na-ha-gay-awh</i> or turquoises.</p> +<p>And after the turquoises were distributed, and the fame of this had +spread, the chief of another people, who lived to the east, whose name +was <i>Dthas Seeven</i> (Sun-Chief) thought he would do something +wonderful, too, being envious, and he opened one of his veins and from +the blood made <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100" href="#pb100" name= +"pb100">100</a>]</span>a large, beautiful bird, colored red.</p> +<p>And Dthas Seeven told his bird to go to the city of +Seeollstchewadack Seeven and hang around there till that chief saw him +and took him in. And when they offered him corn he was not to eat that +nor anything else they gave him, but when he saw his chance he was to +pick up a bit of the green stone and swallow it, for when it should be +seen that he would swallow the green stones then he would be fed on +turquoises.</p> +<p>So the bird was sent, and when it arrived at the city of the +turquoises, the daughter of Seeollstchewadack Seeven, whose name was +<i>Nawitch</i>, saw it and went and told her father. And he asked, +“What is the color of the bird?” and she answered, +“Red;” and he said, “I know that bird. It is a very +rare bird, and its being here is a sign something good is going to +happen. I want you to get the bird and bring it here, but do not take +hold of it. Offer it a stick, and it will take hold of it, with its +bill, and you can lead it here.”</p> +<p>And Nawitch offered the bird a stick, and it caught hold of the end +by its bill, which was like a parrot’s bill, and she led it to +her father.</p> +<p>And Seeollstchewadack Seeven said: “Feed him on pumpkin seed, +for that is what this kind of bird eats.”</p> +<p>And Nawitch gave the bird pumpkin seed, but it would not eat. And +then she tried melon seed, but it would not eat. And then she tried +devil-claw <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name= +"pb101">101</a>]</span>seed, but it would not eat. And her father said, +then: “Make him broth of corn, for this kind of bird eats only +new dishes!” And she did so, but it would not eat the broth of +corn.</p> +<p>And the old man told her to try pumpkin seed again; and she tried +the pumpkin seed again, and the melon seed again, and the devil-claw +seed, and the broth of corn, but the bird would not touch any of +these.</p> +<p>But just then the bird saw a little piece of turquoise lying on the +ground and it sprang and swallowed it. And the daughter saw this and +told her father that the bird would eat turquoises. And her father +said: “This kind of bird will not eat turquoises, but you may try +him.” And she gave it some turquoises and it ate them greedily. +And then her father said: “Go and get some nice, clean ones, a +basket full.” And she did so, and the bird ate them all, and she +kept on feeding it until it had swallowed four basketful.</p> +<p>And then the bird began to run around, and the girl said: “I +fear our pet will leave us and fly away” but the old man said: +“He will not fly away. He likes us too well for that,” but +after a short time the bird got to a little distance and took to its +wings, and flew back to the city of Dthas Seeven.</p> +<p>And Dthas Seeven gave it water twice, and each time it vomited, and +thus it threw up all the turquoises.</p> +<p>And so Dthas Seeven also had turquoises. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name="pb102">102</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e1785" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e1786" class="main">Notes on the Story of the +Turquoises</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">Turquoises seem to have been regarded by all Arizona +Indians as magical and lucky stones, and the Story of the <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e1790" title="Source: Turqoises">Turquoises</span> +professes to give their origin.</p> +<p>Of the game, toe-coll, here spoken of, Whittemore gives this account +in Cook’s “Among the Pimas:” “One of the +amusements of the women was that of tossing balls. They had two small +ones, covered with buckskin, and tied about six inches apart. Young +women and married, from thirty to seventy-five in a group, assembled as +dressed for a ball, their hair carefully manipulated so as to be black +and glossy. Each had a stick of willow six feet long. With these they +dextrously tossed the balls high in the air, running after them until +one party was so weary that they gave up the game from mere +exhaustion.</p> +<p><span class="corr" id="xd20e1796" title= +"Not in source">“</span>In order to make the excitement a success +they had certain active women, keen of wit and quick of action, +practice weeks in advance.”</p> +<p>Sometimes the balls were formed by two large knots in a short piece +of rope. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" name= +"pb103">103</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="wayhohm" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e1803" class="main">The Story of Wayhohm, Toehahvs and +Tottai</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd +Seeollstchewadack Seeven wondered what this action of the bird meant, +and he studied about it till he found out who it was that had sent the +bird and for what purpose.</p> +<p>And he sent a cold rain upon the home of Dthas Seeven. And it rained +a heavy rain for three days and three nights, so hard that it put out +all the fires in the city of Dthas Seeven, and Dthas Seeven was dying +with cold.</p> +<p>And the people came about him to witness his dying, and they said: +“Let us send some one to get the fire!” And they sent +Toehahvs.</p> +<p>And Toehahvs went, and at last came to a house where he heard the +fire roaring within. And he looked in, and there was a big fire. And he +sat in the doorway holding out his paws toward the heat.</p> +<p>And the owner of the house, whose name was <i>Way-hohm</i>, or the +Lightning, sat working within with his face to the fire and his back to +Toehahvs. And Toehahvs wanted to dash in and steal some fire, but he +did not dare, and he went back and told the people he had seen the fire +but he could not get it.</p> +<p>On the fourth day it was still raining, and they sent another +person. And this time they sent <i>Tot-tai</i>, or the Road Runner, for +they said he could run almost as fast as Toehahvs. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb104" href="#pb104" name="pb104">104</a>]</span></p> +<p>And Tottai came to the same house, and heard the fire, and peeped in +the door to warm himself. And there sat the owner of the fire, Wayhohm, +working with his face to the fire and his back to Tottai. And Tottai +dashed in and caught hold of a stick with fire at one end and ran out +with it.</p> +<p>And Wayhohm caught up his bow, the Bow-of-the-Lightning, +<i>Way-hohm-a-Gaht</i>, and fired at Road Runner, and struck him on the +side of his head, and that is why the side of Tottai’s head is +still bare; and Tottai ran on, and Wayhohm shot at him again and struck +the other side of his head.</p> +<p>And Tottai whirled around then so that the sparks flew every way, +and got into all kinds of wood, and that is why there is fire in all +kinds of sticks even now, and the Indian can get it out by rubbing them +together to this day.</p> +<p>But Tottai kept on, and got to the house of Dthas Seeven all right, +and they made a fire, and Dthas Seeven got better again. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" name="pb105">105</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e1837" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e1838" class="main">Notes on the Story of Wayhohm</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">There is a suggestion of Thor in the Story of Wayhohm, +and also of Prometheus. Wayhohm’s house must have been the hall +of the clouds.</p> +<p>How true to nature, here, is the touch describing the Coyote-person, +Toehahvs. The <span class="corr" id="xd20e1844" title= +"Source: exessive">excessive</span> caution of the coyote, making it +impossible for him, however eager, to force himself into any position +he suspects, here stands out before us, contrasted in the most dramatic +way with the dashing boldness of the road-runner.</p> +<p>When we reached the end of this story Comalk Hawk-Kih took two +pieces of wood to rub them together to make fire. But he was old and +breathless, and “Sparkling-Soft-Feather,” the mother of my +interpreter, took them and made the fire for me. I have the implements +yet.</p> +<p>There were two parts to the apparatus. Gee-uh-toe-dah, the socket +stick was of a soft dry piece of giant cactus rib, and a notch was +whittled in one side of this with a small socket at the apex, that is +on the upper side.</p> +<p>This was placed flat on the ground, with a bit of corn husk under +the notch, and held firmly in position by the bare feet. The twirling +stick, eev-a-dah-kote, was a hard arrow weed, very dry and scraped +smooth. The end of this was engaged in the little socket, at the top of +the cactus rib, and then, held perpendicularly, was twirled between the +two hands till the friction rubbed off a powder which crowded out of +the socket, and fell down the notch at its side to the corn-husk. This +little increasing pile of powder was the tinder, and, as the twirling +continued, grew black, smelled like burned wood, smoked and finally +glowed like punk. It was now picked up on the corn husk and placed in +dry horse dung, a bunch of dry grass, or some such inflammable +material, and blown into flame.</p> +<p>It looked very simple, and took little time, but I never could do +it. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" name= +"pb106">106</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="hawawk" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e1857" class="main">The Story of Hawawk</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd when Dthas +Seeven had gotten better he meditated on what had happened <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e1861" title="Not in source">to</span> him, and studied +out that Seeollstchewadack-Seeven was the cause of his trouble, and +planned how to get the better of him.</p> +<p>Now the Indians have a game of football in which the ball is not +kicked but lifted and thrown a good ways by the foot, and Dthas Seeven +made such a ball, and sent a young man to play it in the direction of +the city of Seeollstchewadack-Seeven. And the young man did so, and as +he kept the ball going on it came to the feet of a young girl, who, +when she saw the ball, picked it up and hid it under the square of +cloth which Indian girls wear.</p> +<p>And the young man came up and asked her if she had seen the ball, +and she answered no, she had not seen it, and she kept on denying it, +so at last he turned back and said he might as well go home as he no +longer had a ball to play with. But he had not gone far before the girl +called to him: “Are you not coming back to get your ball?” +And he went back to her, and she tried to find the ball, but could +not.</p> +<p>But the ball was not lost, but it had bewitched her.</p> +<p>And after a time this girl had a baby, a tall baby, with claws on +its hands and feet like a wild animal.</p> +<p>And the people did not know what this meant, <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name="pb107">107</a>]</span>and +they asked Toehahvs, and Toehahvs knew because this had been prophesied +of old time. And Toehahvs said: “She is +<i>Haw-awk</i>.”</p> +<p>And Hawawk grew and became able to crawl, but people were afraid of +handling her because of the scratching of her claws. Only her relatives +could safely handle her. And as she grew older, still, she would +sometimes see other children and wish to play with them, but in a short +time they would get scratched by her in her gambols and would run home +crying and leave her alone. And it got so that when the children saw +her coming they would tell each other and run home and she could get +none of them to play with her.</p> +<p>She claimed Ee-ee-toy as her uncle, and when he had been +rabbit-hunting and came in with game she would run and call him +“uncle!” and try and get the rabbits away from him; and +when he cleaned the rabbits and threw away the entrails she would run +and devour them, and the bones of the rabbits the people threw away +after the feasts she would eat, too.</p> +<p>And when Hawawk grew older she would sometimes complain to Ee-ee-toy +if he came in without game. “Why is it you sometimes come in +without rabbits?” she would say, “And why do you not kill a +great many?” And he would reply: “It is not possible to +kill a great many, for they run very fast and are very hard to shoot +with a bow and arrow.” “Let me go with you,” she +would say, “and I will kill a great many.” <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb108" href="#pb108" name="pb108">108</a>]</span>But +he would tell her: “You are a girl, and it is not your place to +go hunting. If you were a boy it would be, but as it is you cannot +go.”</p> +<p>And she kept on begging in this way, and he kept on refusing, she +saying that she could kill a great many, and he saying that only a man +or a boy could shoot many rabbits, because they ran so fast.</p> +<p>But as she grew older still she began to follow the hunters, and +when the hunting began she would be in the crowd, but she tried to keep +out of her uncle’s way so that he would not see her. And +sometimes when she would thus be following the hunt a rabbit would run +in her direction, and she would run fast and jump on it and kill it, +and eat it right there; and after a while she could do this oftener and +caught a good many; and she would eat all she wanted as she caught +them, and the others she gave to her uncle, Ee-ee-toy, to carry home. +And Ee-ee-toy came to like to have her with him because of the game she +could get. But after a time she did not come home anymore, but staid +out in the bushes, living on the game she could get. But when the +hunters came out, she would still join them and after killing and +eating all she wanted she would give the rest of her kill to her uncle, +as before.</p> +<p>And so she contrived to live in the wild places, like a wild-cat, +and in time became able to kill deer, antelopes, and all big game, and +yet being part human she would tan buckskin like a woman <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb109" href="#pb109" name="pb109">109</a>]</span>and +do all that a woman needs to do.</p> +<p>And she found a cave in the mountain which is called +<i>Taht-kum</i>, where she lived, and that cave can be seen now and is +still called Hawawk’s Cave.</p> +<p>But she had been born near where the ruins of Casa Grande now are +and claimed that vahahkkee for her own. And when she knew a baby had +been born there she would go to the mother and say, “I want to +see my grandchild.” But if the mother let her take the baby she +would put it over her shoulder, into her gyih-haw, and run to her cave, +and put the baby into a mortar, and pound it up and eat it. And she got +all the babies she could in this way; and later on she grew bolder and +would find the larger children, where <span class="corr" id="xd20e1903" +title="Source: thy">they</span> were at play, and would carry them off +to eat them. And now she let all the rabbits and such game go, and +lived only on the children she caught, for a long time.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy told the people what to do in this great trouble. He +told them to roast a big lot of pumpkin seeds and to go into their +houses and keep still. And when the people had roasted the pumpkin +seeds and gone into their houses, Ee-ee-toy came around and stopped up +the door of every house with bushes, and plastered clay over the bushes +as the Awawtam still do when they go away from home.</p> +<p>After a time Hawawk came around, and stood near the houses, and +listened, and heard the people cracking the pumpkin seeds inside. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href="#pb110" name= +"pb110">110</a>]</span></p> +<p>And she said: “Where are all my grandchildren? They must have +been gone for a long time, for I do not see any tracks, nor hear any +voices, and I hear only the rats eating the seeds in the empty +houses.”</p> +<p>And she came several times and saw no one, and really believed the +people had gone entirely away. And for a while she did not come any +more, but after a time she was one day running by the village and she +saw some children playing. And she caught two and ran with them to her +cave. And from that day she went on stealing children as before.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy made him a rattle, out of a wild gourd, and went and +lay on the trail on which Hawawk usually came, and changed himself into +the little animal called “<i>Kaw-awts</i>.” And when Hawawk +came along she poked him with a stick of her gyih-haw and +said<span class="corr" id="xd20e1920" title="Source: .">:</span> +“Here is a little kaw-awts. He must be my pet.” And then +Ee-ee-toy jumped up and shook his rattle at her, and frightened her so +that she ran home. And then Ee-ee-toy made rattles for all the children +in that place and when they saw Hawawk coming they would shake their +rattles at her and scare her back again.</p> +<p>But after a while Hawawk became used to the rattles and ceased to +fear them, and even while they were shaking she would run and carry +some of the children off.</p> +<p>And one day two little boys were hunting doves <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href="#pb111" name= +"pb111">111</a>]</span>after the manner of the country. They had a +little kee of willows, and a hole inside in the sand where they sat, +and outside a stick stuck up for the doves to light on. And when the +doves came they would shoot them with their bows and arrows. And while +they were doing this they saw Hawawk coming. And they said<span class= +"corr" id="xd20e1929" title="Not in source">:</span> “What shall +we do! Hawawk is coming and will eat us up.”</p> +<p>And they lay down in the hole in the sand and covered themselves +with the dove’s feathers. And Hawawk came and said: “Where +are my grandchildren! Some of them have been here very lately.” +And she went all around and looked for their tracks, but could find +none leading away from the place. And she came back again to the kee, +and while she was looking in a wind came and swept away all the +dove-feathers, and she sprang in and caught up the two boys and put +them in her gyih-haw and started off.</p> +<p>And as she went along the boys said: “Grandmother, we like +flat stones to play with. <span class="corr" id="xd20e1937" title= +"Source: Wont">Won’t</span> you give us all the flat stones you +can find?” And Hawawk picked up all the flat stones she came to +and put them one by one over her <span class="corr" id="xd20e1940" +title="Source: shouder">shoulder</span> into the basket.</p> +<p>And the boys said, again, after the basket <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e1945" title="Source: begain">began</span> to get heavy, +“Grandmother, we like to go under limbs of trees. Go under all +the low limbs of trees you can to please us.” And Hawawk went +under a low tree, and one of the boys caught hold of the limb and hung +there till <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name= +"pb112">112</a>]</span>she had gone on. And Hawawk went under another +tree, and the other boy <span class="corr" id="xd20e1950" title= +"Source: canght">caught</span> hold of a limb and staid there. But +because of the flat stones she kept putting into her gyih-haw Hawawk +did not notice this. And when she got to her cave and emptied her +basket there were no boys there.</p> +<p>And when Hawawk saw this she turned back and found the tracks of the +boys, and ran, following after them, and caught up with them just +before they got to their village. And she would have caught them there, +and carried them off again, but the boys had gathered some of the fine +thorns of a cactus, and when Hawawk came near they held them up and let +them blow with the wind into her face.</p> +<p>And they stuck in her eyes, and hurt them, and she began to rub her +eyes, which made them hurt worse so that she could not see them, and +then the boys ran home and thus saved their lives.</p> +<p>After that she went to another place called +<i>Vahf-kee-wohlt-kih</i>, or the Notched Cliffs, and staid around +there and ate the children, and then she moved to another place, the +old name of which is now forgotten, but it is called, now, +<i>Stchew-a-dack Vah-veeuh</i>, or the Green Well. And there, too, she +killed the children.</p> +<p>And the people called on Ee-ee-toy to help them, and Ee-ee-toy said, +“I will kill her at once!”</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy, being her relative, went to her home and said: +“Your grandchildren want some <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb113" href="#pb113" name="pb113">113</a>]</span>amusement and are +going to have dances now every night and would like you to +come.”</p> +<p>And she replied: “You know very well I do not care for such +things. I do not care to come.”</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy returned and told the people she did not care to come +to their dances, tho he had invited her, but he would think of some +other way to get her to come where they were, that they might kill +her.</p> +<p>And he went a second time, and told her the people were going to +sing the <i>Hwah-guff-san-nuh-kotch Nyuee</i>, or Basket Drumming Song, +and wanted her to come. But she said: “I have heard of that song, +but I do not care to hear it. I care nothing for such things, and I +will not come.”</p> +<p>So Ee-ee-toy returned and told of his second failure, but promised +he would try again. And in the morning he went to her and said: +“Your <span class="corr" id="xd20e1983" title= +"Source: grand-children">grandchildren</span> are going to sing the +song <i>Haw-hawf-kuh Nyuee</i> or Dance of the Bone-trimmed Dresses +Song and they want you to come.” But she said: “I do not +care for this song, either, and I will not come.”</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy told of his third failure, but promised the people he +would try once more<span class="corr" id="xd20e1991" title= +"Source: .">,</span> and when the morning came he went to Hawawk and +said: “Your grandchildren are going to dance tonight to the song +which is called <i>See-coll-cod-dha-kotch Nyuee</i>,” (which is a +sort of ring dance with the dancers in a circle with joined +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" href="#pb114" name= +"pb114">114</a>]</span>hands) “and they want you to +come.”</p> +<p>And she said: “That is what I like. I will come to that. When +is it going to be?”</p> +<p>And he said: “It will be this very night.”</p> +<p>And he went and told the people she was coming and they must be +ready for her.</p> +<p>Hawawk got ready in the early evening and dressed herself in a skirt +of soft buckskin. And over this she placed an overskirt of deerskin, +fringed with long cut fringes with deer-hoofs at the ends to rattle. +And then she ran to the dancing place; and the people could hear her a +long way off, rattling, as she came. And they were already dancing when +she arrived there, and she went and joined hands with Ee-ee-toy.</p> +<p>And Hawawk was a great smoker, and Ee-ee-toy made cigarettes for her +that had something in them that would make folks sleep. And he smoked +these himself, a little, to assure her, but cautiously and moderately, +not inhaling the smoke, but she inhaled the smoke, and before the four +nights were up she was so sleepy that the people were dragging her +around as they danced, and then she got so fast asleep that Ee-ee-toy +carried her on his shoulder.</p> +<p>And all the time they were dancing they were moving across country, +and getting nearer the cave where she lived, and other people at the +same time were ahead of them carrying lots of wood to her cave. And +when they arrived at her cave in the mountain of Tahtkum they laid her +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href="#pb115" name= +"pb115">115</a>]</span>sleeping body down inside, and placed the wood +in the cave between her and the door, filling it all to the entrance, +which they closed with four hurdles, such as the people fasten their +doors with, so that she could not run out.</p> +<p>And then they set the wood on fire, and it burned fiercely, and when +the fire reached Hawawk she waked and cried out. “My +grandchildren, what have I done that you should treat me this +way!”</p> +<p>And the fire hurt her so that she jumped up and down with pain, and +her head struck the ceiling of the cave and split the rock. And when +the people saw it they called to Ee-ee-toy, and he went and put his +foot over the crack, and sealed it up, and you may see the track of his +foot there to this day.</p> +<p>But Ee-ee-toy was not quick enough, and her soul escaped through the +crack.</p> +<p>And then for a while the people had peace, but in time her soul +turned into a green hawk, and this hawk killed the people, but did not +eat them.</p> +<p>And this made the people great trouble, but one day a woman was +making pottery and she had just taken one pot out of the fire and left +another one in the furnace, on its side, when this hawk saw her and +came swooping down from high in the air to kill her, but missed her, +and went into the hot pot in the fire, and so was burned up and +destroyed.</p> +<p>And one day they boiled greens in that pot, <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href="#pb116" name="pb116">116</a>]</span>the +greens called <i>choo-hook-yuh</i>, and the greens boiled so hard that +they boiled over, and splashed around and killed people. And they +boiled all day and stopped at night, and at daybreak began again to +boil, and this they did for a long time; boiling by day and stopping at +night.</p> +<p>And the people sent for Toehahvs who lived in the east, and +<i>Gee-ah-duk Seeven</i>, or Strong Bow Chief, who lived where is now +the ruin of <i>Aw-awt-kum Vah-ahk-kee</i>, to kill the pot for +them.</p> +<p>And when they arrived Geeahduk Seeven enquired if the pot slept. And +the people said<span class="corr" id="xd20e2041" title= +"Source: .">:</span> “Yes, it sleeps all night.” Then said +Geeahduk Seeven, “We will get up very early, before the pot +wakes, and then we will kill it.”</p> +<p>But Toehahvs said; “That is not right, to go and kill it at +night. I am not like a jealous woman who goes and fights her rival in +the darkness. I am not a woman, I am a man!”</p> +<p>And Toehahvs said to Geeahduk Seeven: “I will go in the +morning to attack the pot and I want you to go on the other side, and +if the pot throws its fluid at me, so that I cannot conquer it, then do +you run up on the other side and smash it.”</p> +<p>Then Toehahvs took his shield and his club, in the morning, and went +to attack the pot. But the pot saw him, and, altho he held up his +shield, it boiled over, and threw the boiling choohookyuh so high and +far that some of it fell on Toehahvs’ back and scalded it. And +Toehahvs had to give back a little. But at that moment <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href="#pb117" name= +"pb117">117</a>]</span>Geeahduk Seeven ran in on the other side and +smashed the pot.</p> +<p>And there was an old man with an orphan grandson, living near there, +and when the pot was smashed these came to the spot and ate up the +choohookyuh. And at once they were turned into bears, the old man into +a black bear, the boy into a brown bear.</p> +<p>And these bears also killed people, and tho the people tried to kill +them, for a long time they could not do so. When they shot arrows at +the bears, the bears would catch them and break them up. And so the +people had to study out other ways to get the better of them. There is +a kind of palm-tree, called <i>o-nook</i>, which has balls where the +branches come out, and the people burned the trees to get these balls, +and threw them at the bears. And the bears caught the balls, and fought +and wrestled with them, and while their attention was taken by these +balls the people shot arrows at them and killed them.</p> +<p>And thus ended forever the evil power of Hawawk. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb118" href="#pb118" name="pb118">118</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e2063" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2064" class="main">Notes on the Story of Hawawk</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">The Story of Hawawk opens with an interesting +reference to the favorite Pima game of football. The ball was about two +and one half inches in diameter, merely a heavy pebble coated thick +with black greasewood gum. Sometimes it was decorated with little +inlays of shell. It was thrown by the lifting of the naked or sandaled +foot, rather than kicked. Astonishing tales are told of the running +power and endurance of the older Indians. White and red men agree in +the testimony.</p> +<p>Emory says of the Maricopa interpreter, Thirsty Hawk, before alluded +to, that he came running into their camp on foot and +“<span class="corr" id="xd20e2070" title= +"Source: appeard">appeared</span> to keep pace with the fleetest +horse.” Whittemore, the missionary, says: “Some young women +could travel from forty to fifty miles in sixteen hours, and there were +warriors who ran twenty miles, keeping a horse on a canter following +them.” G. W. Mardis, the trader at Phoenix, told me he had known +Indians to run all day, and my interpreter told me of Pimas running +forty to seventy miles in a day, hunting horses on the mountains. +Others ran races with horses and with a little handicap and for +moderate distance often beat them. On these long runs after horses the +men took their <span class="corr" id="xd20e2073" title= +"Source: foot balls">footballs</span> and kept them going, saying it +made the journey amusing and less tiresome. And undoubtedly it was, in +the practice of this sport, that their powers were developed. Beside +the usual foot-races, in which all Indians delight, it often happened +that two champions would, on a set day, start in different directions +and chase their footballs far out on the desert, perhaps ten miles and +then return. The one who came in first was winner. The whole tribe, in +two parties, on horseback as far as they could get mounts, followed the +champions, as judges, assistants, critics and friends and there was +profuse betting and picturesque excitement and display.</p> +<p>But the fine old athletic games seem to have all died out now. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119" name= +"pb119">119</a>]</span></p> +<p>Stories of miraculous conception are not uncommon in Indian +tradition, and this story of the bewitching of the young girl into +motherhood thru the agency of the football is an instance.</p> +<p>This gruesome and graphic tale is full of insight into Indian +thought and fancy. In reading it we are reminded of many familiar old +nursery tales of kidnapped child, pig or fowl (“the little red +hin” of Irish legend for instance) and of Were-Wolf and +Loup-Garou.</p> +<p>And here reappears the old myth of some god’s or hero’s +footstep printed in solid rock.</p> +<p>Here is a hint, too, of transmigration in the various adventures of +the soul of Hawawk.</p> +<p>My Indian hosts cooked me a pot of choohookyuh greens, and I found +them very palatable.</p> +<p>The reference to the pottery making reminds me of Pima arts. Today +the Maricopas have almost a monopoly of pottery making, tho the +Quohatas make some good pottery too. It is shaped by the hands (no +potters wheel being known) and smoothed and polished by stones, painted +red with a mineral and black with mezquite gum and baked in a common +fire. It is often very artistic in a rude way, in form and +decoration.</p> +<p>The Papagoes do most of the horse-hair work, chiefly bridles, +halters and lariat ropes, and make mats and fans from rushes.</p> +<p>The Pimas make the famous black and white, watertight baskets, which +are too well known to need description. The black in these is shreds of +the dead-black seed pod of the devil-claw and not some fibre dyed +black, as some suppose.</p> +<p>There seems to have been no original bead work among Pima Indians. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" href="#pb120" name= +"pb120">120</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="tawquahdahmawks" class="div1 story"><span class= +"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e2100" class="main">The Story of Tawquahdahmawks and her +Canal</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd after this +the people had long peace, increased in numbers, and were scattered all +around. Some lived where the old vahahkkees now are in the Gila +country, and some lived in the Papago country, and some in the Salt +River country. And those who lived where the mound now is between +Phoenix and Tempe were the first to use a canal to irrigate their land. +And these raised all kinds of vegetables and had fine crops. And the +people of the Gila country and the people of the Salt River country at +first did not raise many vegetables, because they did not irrigate, and +they used to visit the people who did irrigate and eat with them; but +after a while the people who lived on the south side of the Salt River +also made a canal, and you can see it to this day.</p> +<p>But when these people tried their canal it did not work. When they +dammed the river the water did not run, because the canal was uphill. +And they could not seem to make it deeper, because it was all in a lime +rock.</p> +<p>And they sent for Ee-ee-toy to help them. And Ee-ee-toy had them get +stakes of ironwood, and sharpen them, and all stand in a row with their +stakes in their hands at the bottom of the canal. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb121" href="#pb121" name="pb121">121</a>]</span></p> +<p>And then Ee-ee-toy sang a song, and at the end of the song the +people were all to strike their stakes into the bottom of the canal to +make it deeper. But it would not work, it was too hard, and Ee-ee-toy +gave it up.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy said: “I can do no more, but there is an old +woman named <i>Taw-quah-dahm-awks</i> (which means The Wampum Eater) +and she, tho only a woman, is very wise, and likely can help you better +than I. I advise you to send for her.”</p> +<p>And the people sent for her, and she said: “I will come at +once.”</p> +<p>And she came, as she had promised, but she did not go to where the +people were assembled, but went right to the canal. And she had brought +a fog with her, and she left the fog at the river, near the mouth of +the canal. And she went up the course of the canal, looking this way +and that, to see how much up-hill it ran.</p> +<p>And when she reached where the canal ran up-hill she blew thru it +the breath which is called <i>seev-hur-whirl</i>, which means a bitter +wind. And this wind tore up the bed of the canal, as deep as was +necessary, throwing the dirt and rocks out on each side.</p> +<p>And then the fog dammed up the river and the water ran thru the +canal.</p> +<p>Then the old woman did not go near the people, but went home, and in +the morning, when one of the people went to see why the old woman did +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb122" href="#pb122" name= +"pb122">122</a>]</span>not come, he saw the canal full of water and he +yelled to everybody to come and see it.</p> +<p>And in this way these people got water for their crops and were as +prosperous as the others below them. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb123" href="#pb123" name="pb123">123</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e2135" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2136" class="main">Notes on the Story of +Tawquahdahmawks</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In this story we find proof that the oldest digging +utensil was a sharpened stake.</p> +<p>Before these people became agricultural they must have subsisted +mainly on the game and wild fruits of the desert. They showed me +several seed-bearing bushes and weeds which in old time had helped to +eke out for them an existence.</p> +<p>Starvation must have often stared them in the face, and the +references to hunger, and the prophecies of plenty, and of visits to +relatives whose crops were good, are scattered pathetically all thru +these legends.</p> +<p>And indeed, until very recently, mezquite beans and the fruit of +various cactus plants were staple articles of food.</p> +<p>Mezquite beans grow in a pod on the thorny mezquite trees. The +gathering of them was quite a tribal event, large parties going out. +The beans when brought home were pounded in the <i>chee-o-pah</i>, or +mortar, which was made by burning a hollow in the end of a short +mezquite log, set in the ground like a low post. A long round stone +pestle, or <i>vee-it-kote</i>, was used to beat with, and sometimes the +cheeopah itself was of stone. But stone mortars were usually ancient +and dug from out the vahahkkee ruins.</p> +<p>The beans, crushed very fine and separated from the indigestible +seeds, packed into a sweet cake that would keep a year.</p> +<p>Various cactus fruits were eaten. They warned me that for a novice +to eat freely of prickly pears produced a lame, sore feeling, as if one +had taken cold or a fever. I noticed no symptoms however. The fruit of +the giant cactus is gathered from the top, around which it grows like a +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb124" href="#pb124" name= +"pb124">124</a>]</span>crown, by a long light pole, made from the rib +of the same cactus, with a little hook at its end made by tying another +short piece, slant-wise, across. They called the constellation of Ursa +Major, <i>Quee-ay-put</i>, or The Cactus-Puller, from a fancied +resemblance to this familiar implement.</p> +<p>The giant cactus, or <i>har-san</i>, was eaten ripe, or dried in the +sun, or boiled to a jam and sealed away in earthern jars. They also +fermented it by mixing with water, and made their famous <i>tis-win</i> +or whiskey from it. They had “big drunks” at this time, in +which all the tribe joined in a general spree.</p> +<p>A sort of large worm (larva) was also gathered in large quantities, +boiled and eaten with salt.</p> +<p>The confusion in the Pima <span class="corr" id="xd20e2175" title= +"Source: thougth">thought</span> on religious matters is well revealed +in this tale, in which Ee-ee-toy, who may be regarded as a god, frankly +admits that in some matters an old woman may be wiser and more powerful +than he. Nothing appears to have been very clearly defined in their +faith except that a mahkai might be or do almost anything. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb125" href="#pb125" name="pb125">125</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="nooee" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e2180" class="main">How Nooee Killed Ee-ee-toy</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e2182"><span class="xd20e2182init">E</span>e-ee-toy lived +in the Salt River Mountain, which is called by the Awawtam Moehahdheck, +or the Brown Mountain, and whenever the girls had ceremonial dances +because of their arrival at womanhood he would come and sing the +appropriate songs. And it often happened that he would tempt these +young girls away to his mountain, to be his wives, but after keeping +them awhile he would grow tired of them and send them back.</p> +<p>And the people disliked Ee-ee-toy because of this. And when they had +crops, too, Ee-ee-toy would often shoot his hot arrows thru the fields, +and wither up the growing things; and tho the people did not see him do +this, they knew he was guilty, and they wanted to kill him, but they +did not know how to do it.</p> +<p>And the people talked together about how they could kill Ee-ee-toy. +And two young boys, there were, who were always together<span class= +"corr" id="xd20e2188" title="Source: ,">.</span> And as they lay at the +door of their kee they heard the people talking of sending bunches of +people here and there to kill Ee-ee-toy, and one said: “He is +only one, we could kill him ourselves.” And the other one said: +“Let us go and kill him, then.”</p> +<p>So the two boys went to Moehahdheck, and found Ee-ee-toy lying +asleep, and beat him with their clubs, and killed him, and then came +back and told the people of what they had done. But <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb126" href="#pb126" name="pb126">126</a>]</span>none +of the people went to see the truth of this and in the morning +Ee-ee-toy came again, just as he used to do, and walked around among +the people, who said among themselves: “I thought the boys said +they had killed him.”</p> +<p>And that same night all the people went to Moehahdheck, and found +Ee-ee-toy asleep, and fell upon him and killed him. And there was a +pile of wood outside, and they laid him on this and set fire to the +wood and burned his flesh. And feeling sure that he was now dead, they +went home, but in the morning there he was, walking around, alive +again.</p> +<p>And so the people assembled again, and that night, once more, they +killed him, and they cut his flesh up into little bits, and put it into +a pot, and boiled it, and when it was cooked they threw it all away in +different directions. But in the morning he was alive again and the +people gave it up for that time.</p> +<p>But after awhile they were planning again how to kill him; and one +of them proposed that they all go and tie him with ropes and take him +to a high cliff, and push him off, and let him fall. And so they went +and did this, but Ee-ee-toy was not hurt at all. He just walked off, +when he reached the bottom, and looked up at the people above him.</p> +<p>The next scheme was to drown him. They caught him and led him to a +whirlpool, and tied his hands and feet and threw him in. But he +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb127" href="#pb127" name= +"pb127">127</a>]</span>came up in a few minutes, without any ropes on, +and looked at the people, and then dived, and so kept on coming up and +diving down. And the people, seeing they could not drown him, went home +once more.</p> +<p>Then Nooee called the people together and said: “It is of no +use for you to try to kill Ee-ee-toy, for you cannot kill him. He is +too powerful for men to kill. He has power over the winds, and all the +animals, and he knows all that is going on in the mountains, and in the +sky. And I have power something like him.”</p> +<p>So Nooee told the people to come in, that evening, to his house. He +said: “I will show you part of my power, and I want everyone to +see it.”</p> +<p>And Nooee lived not far from where Ee-ee-toy did, south of the +Moehahdheck mountain, at a place called <i>Nooee Vahahkkee</i>, and +that was where he invited the people to come.</p> +<p>And so, when the people assembled at Nooee Vahahkkee, Nooee made +earth in his habitation, and mountains on it, and all things on it, in +little as we say, so that the people could see his power; for Juhwerta +<span class="corr" id="xd20e2217" title="Source: Mahki">Mahkai</span> +had made him to have power, tho he had not cared to use it. And he made +a little world in his house for them to look at, with sun, moon and +stars working just as our sun and stars work; and everything exactly +like our world.</p> +<p>And when night came, Nooee pushed the darkness back with his hands, +and spread it on the walls, so that the people could see his little +world <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb128" href="#pb128" name= +"pb128">128</a>]</span>and how it worked. And he was there four days +and four nights, showing this wonder to the people.</p> +<p>And after this Nooee flew up thru the openings in the roof of his +house, and sat there, and saw the sun rise. And as soon as the sun rose +Nooee flew towards it, and flew up and up, higher and higher, until he +could see Ee-ee-toy’s heart. And he wore a nose ring, as all the +brave people did, a nose ring of turquoise. But from his high view he +saw that everything looked green and so he knew he could not kill +<span class="corr" id="xd20e2226" title= +"Source: Eee-ee-toy">Ee-ee-toy</span> that day.</p> +<p>And the next day he did the same thing, only he wore a new +nose-ring, made of a sparkling shell. And when he got up high +<span class="corr" id="xd20e2231" title= +"Source: ènuf">enuf</span> to see Ee-ee-toy’s heart he saw +that the ground looked dry, and he was very much pleased, for he knew +that now he would, someday, kill Ee-ee-toy. And he went home.</p> +<p>And the third morning Nooee again put on his nose ring of glittering +shell, and flew up to meet the Sun, and he flew up and up until he came +to the sun himself. And Nooee said to the Sun: “You know there is +a Person, on earth, called Ee-ee-toy, who is very bad, and I want to +kill him, and I want your help, and this is the reason I come to +you.”</p> +<p>And Nooee said to the Sun: “Now you go back, and let me shine +in your place, and I will give just as much light as you do, but let me +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb129" href="#pb129" name= +"pb129">129</a>]</span>have your <i>vi-no-me-gaht</i>, your gun, to +shoot with, when I get around to your home.” And the Sun said: +“<i>Moe-vah Sop-hwah</i>, that is all right. But I always go down +over yonder mountain, and when you get to that mountain just stop and +look back, and see how the world looks.”</p> +<p>And Nooee took the Sun’s place, and went down, that evening, +over the mountain, stopping, as he was told, to see how wonderful the +world looked; and when he came to the Sun’s home, the sun gave +him the weapon he shot with.</p> +<p>And the next morning Nooee rose in place of the Sun, and after +rising a little he shot at the earth, and it became very hot. And +before noon he shot again, and it was still hotter. And Ee-ee-toy knew, +now that he was going to be killed, but he tried to use all his power +to save himself. He ran around, and came to a pond where there had +always been ice, and he jumped in to cool himself, but it was all +boiling water.</p> +<p>And when it was nearly noon Nooee shot again, and it became terribly +hot, and Ee-ee-toy ran for a rock which had always been cold, but just +before he got there the heat made the rock burst.</p> +<p>And he ran to a tree, whose cool shade he often enjoyed, but as he +came near it the tree began to burst into flame, and he had to turn +back. And now it was noon, and Nooee shot again.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy ran to a great post, all striped <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb130" href="#pb130" name= +"pb130">130</a>]</span>around with black and white, which had been made +by his power, and which had a hollow that was always cool inside, and +was about to put his arms around it when he fell down and died.</p> +<p>So Ee-ee-toy was dead, and Nooee went down to his setting, and +returned the weapon to the Sun, and then went home to his vahahkkee. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb131" href="#pb131" name= +"pb131">131</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e2262" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2263" class="main">The Song of Nooee when he went to the +Sun</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">The Rising (Sun) I am going to meet.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">(Repeated many times)</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e2270" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2271" class="main">When Nooee <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e2273" title="Source: Killeed">Killed</span> Ee-ee-toy<a class= +"noteref" id="xd20e2276src" href="#xd20e2276" name= +"xd20e2276src">1</a></h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">(A Song)</p> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">The gun, he gave it to me as a cane;</p> +<p class="line">With it I killed the Brother’s heart.</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href="#pb132" name= +"pb132">132</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e2286" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2287" class="main">Notes on how Nooee Killed +Ee-ee-toy</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">The hot arrows of Ee-ee-toy, that withered the crops, +remind us of Apollo.</p> +<p>The idea often comes up in these stories that a person possessing +the powers of a mahkai was hard to kill, having as many lives as a cat. +It would also appear that there was a confusion as to what constituted +killing, anyway<span class="corr" id="xd20e2293" title= +"Source: ,">.</span> They perhaps regarded mere unconsciousness as +death<span class="corr" id="xd20e2296" title="Source: ,">.</span> Both +Ee-ee-toy and Nooee are “killed,” but after an interval are +alive again. And Whittemore relates: “An Apache, seeing Louis, +the Pima interpreter, came to him in high glee. Taking his hand, he +said: ‘You are the Pima who killed me years ago.’ Louis +then recognized him as the man to whom he had dealt a heavy blow with a +warclub, and then left him for dead on the battle-field.”</p> +<p>Is there any connection between the the fact that when Nooee wore a +nose-ring of turquoise the earth looked green, and that when he wore a +nose-ring of glittering shell the earth looked dry to him?</p> +<p>Could this whole story have been a myth of some great drouth? +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name= +"pb133">133</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e2276" href="#xd20e2276src" name="xd20e2276">1</a></span> The +reference to the “gun” shows clearly that this song was +made after the advent of the white man.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="eeeetoy" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e2305" class="main">Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection and +Speech to Juhwerta Mahkai</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd after +Ee-ee-toy was dead he lay there, as some say for four months, and some +say for four years<span class="corr" id="xd20e2309" title= +"Source: ;">.</span> He was killed<span class="corr" id="xd20e2312" +title="Source: .">,</span> but his winds were not killed, nor his +clouds and they were sorry for him, and his clouds rained on him.</p> +<p>And he lay there so long that the little children played on him, +jumping from him.</p> +<p>But at last he began to come to life again, holding down the +ground—as a wounded man does, moaning, and there was thunder, and +an earthquake.</p> +<p>And Ahahnheeattoepahk Mahkai’s daughter was grinding corn when +this happened, and the corn rolled in the basket, and she said: +“How is it that it thunders when there are no clouds, none to be +seen, and that the corn rolls in the basket?”</p> +<p>And her father said: “You may think this is only thunder, but +I tell you wonderful things are going to happen.”</p> +<p>Ee-ee-toy, when he got a little stronger, picked up some stones and +examined them, and threw them away. He did this four times, throwing +away the stones each time, not liking any of them. And the children +went there to play, and found him alive, and asked each other: +“Why is that old man doing that, picking up stones, and throwing +them away, and picking up more?” <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb134" href="#pb134" name="pb134">134</a>]</span></p> +<p>And he began then to cut up all kinds of sticks, four at a time, and +to lay them down and look at them, but he liked none of them. Then he +cut arrow weeds, four of them, and he liked their look. And he lit his +pipe and blew the smoke over them, and spread his hand above them, and +he liked the light of them which came thru his fingers.</p> +<p>And he put those sticks away in his pouch. And then he rose and took +a few steps, and began to walk. And all his springs of water had been +dried up while he was dead, but when he walked the earth again they +gushed forth, and he dipped his fingers in them and stroked his wet +fingers over his breast and he did the same to the trees.</p> +<p>And he went on and came to the cliff, where Vandaih once was, and he +did the same to it, putting his hand to it and rubbing it. And he went +to see the Sun.</p> +<p>He came to where the Sun starts, but the Sun was not there, but he +could see the road the Sun takes, and he followed it. And that road was +fringed with beautiful feathers and flowers and turquoises.</p> +<p>And he came to the tree which is called The Talking Tree. And the +Tree took of its bark thin strips, which curled as owl <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e2337" title="Source: fethers">feathers</span> do when +split, and tied them on a little stick, and put them in +Ee-ee-toy’s hair. And it gave him four sticks, made from that one +of its branches which dipped <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb135" href= +"#pb135" name="pb135">135</a>]</span>to the south. And from its middle +branch it made him a war club, and from a gall, or <span class="corr" +id="xd20e2342" title="Source: excresence">excrescence</span>, which +grew on its limb, it made him a <i>vah-quah</i><span class="corr" id= +"xd20e2347" title="Source: .">,</span> or canteen.</p> +<p>After that he went along the beautiful fringed road which the Sun +travels, and came to the place where the Sun drinks. And he took a +drink there himself, putting his knee in the spot where the Sun’s +knee-print is, and his hand where the Sun rests his hand. And in the +clear water he saw a stone like the Doctors’ Stone, somewhat, but +of the color of slate, with a zigzag pattern around it. And he took his +four arrow-weeds and placed them under this stone and left them +there.</p> +<p>And he went on, and went down where the Sun goes down. And he went +to see Juhwerta Mahkai, to the place where he lived with his people, +those who sank thru the earth before the flood.</p> +<p>And when Ee-ee-toy came to where Juhwerta Mahkai was, he said to +him:—</p> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">“There was an Older Brother, and his people were +against him;</p> +<p class="line">And he had made an earth that was like your earth;</p> +<p class="line">And he had made mountains that were like your +mountains;</p> +<p class="line">And he had made springs of water, like yours, that were +satisfactory;</p> +<p class="line">And he made trees like yours, and everything that he +made worked well.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb136" href="#pb136" +name="pb136">136</a>]</span></p> +<p class="line">And they shot him till he bounced, four times on the +open ground;</p> +<p class="line">And threw him with his face to the earth.</p> +<p class="line">And he lay there, dead, but when he came to life he +used the strength of his right arm and rose up.</p> +<p class="line">But things were changed, and looked different from the +old times.</p> +<p class="line">He examined the sticks, but none suited him;</p> +<p class="line">He eyed along the river, that green snake, which he had +made, and found the sticks that pleased him.</p> +<p class="line">And he cut those arrow-weeds, he found there, into four +pieces, and blew the smoke over them.</p> +<p class="line">And out of them came sparks of light, that almost +reached the Opposite World, the World of the Enemy, where things are +different.</p> +<p class="line">And when he saw the light from the sticks he smiled +within himself;</p> +<p class="line">He was so pleased he had found the sticks that suited +him.</p> +<p class="line">And he brought the Black Fog from the West, and stroked +the sticks with it, and so finished them,</p> +<p class="line">And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Fog, and stroked +the sticks with it, and finished them;</p> +<p class="line">And from the East he brought the Fog of Light, and +stroked the sticks with it and finished them;</p> +<p class="line">And from Above brought the Green Fog, and put it in +hiding, and there secretly stroked the sticks with it, and finished +them;<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb137" href="#pb137" name= +"pb137">137</a>]</span></p> +<p class="line">From the West he brought the Black Snake, which he had +made, and bound the sticks together, and finished them.</p> +<p class="line">And from the Ocean he brought the Blue Snake, and bound +the sticks together, and finished them;</p> +<p class="line">From the East he brought the Snake of Light, and bound +the sticks together, and finished them;</p> +<p class="line">And from Above he brought the Green Snake, and bound +them together and finished them.</p> +<p class="line">And then he rose up, and with the first step he stepped +on the great doctors of the earth and sank them down;</p> +<p class="line">The next step he stepped on the Speaker, and sank him +down;</p> +<p class="line">The next step he stepped on the Slayer, and sank him +down;</p> +<p class="line">And the next step he stepped on the rushing young maid +who gathers the fruit to feed the family, and sank her down.</p> +<p class="line">And then he sank down himself, and walked under the +earth’s crust a little way, and then came out and found the +Light’s Road, his own proper way, and walked in it.</p> +<p class="line">Where he found his springs of water, which he had made, +with their green moss growing, and dipped his hand in them and +moistened his heart;</p> +<p class="line">And every mountain he came to, which he had made, he +entered and there he cooled his heart;<span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb138" href="#pb138" name="pb138">138</a>]</span></p> +<p class="line">And rested his hand on every tree he had made, and so +freshened his heart;</p> +<p class="line">And came like a ghost to the place, the cliff, where he +had killed the man-eagle, and sat there.</p> +<p class="line">And there was Someone there, whom he did not know, who +asked him what he wanted, coming there like a ghost;</p> +<p class="line">Who said: ‘I told you that you would be against +my people and the earth!’</p> +<p class="line">And from there he went to the East and strengthened +himself four times;</p> +<p class="line">When he arrived at where the Sun arises;</p> +<p class="line">Where he came to the four notches which the Sun uses +when he is rising.</p> +<p class="line">And where the Sun steps it is full of wind;</p> +<p class="line">And where the Sun puts his hands it is full of +wind.</p> +<p class="line">In spite of that he climbed the way, the way in which +the Sun rises.</p> +<p class="line">And he went Westward, stopping and taking his breath +four times;</p> +<p class="line">Even at the fourth time, still going, still breathing +westward.</p> +<p class="line">It was the west-bound road he followed, the road +adorned with all beautiful fringes;</p> +<p class="line">Fringes of soft feathers, and large feathers; and +flowers made from beautiful trees, and turquoises.</p> +<p class="line">And he went along this road, pulling all the fringes, +and whenever he came to the doctors, tossing them up in the +air.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href="#pb139" name= +"pb139">139</a>]</span></p> +<p class="line">And there he came to <i>Nee-yaw-kee-tom Oas</i>, The +Talking Tree;</p> +<p class="line">And he came to it like a ghost, and fell down on his +knees toward it;</p> +<p class="line">And the Tree asked him why he came like a ghost, and +what he wanted:—</p> +<p class="line">‘I have told you that some day you would be the +enemy to my people and to the earth.<span class="corr" id="xd20e2466" +title="Not in source">’</span></p> +<p class="line">There the Tree pulled off its bark and stuck it in his +head, like split owl feathers;</p> +<p class="line">And it was its middle branch which it cut down in fine +shape for a club and slipped under his belt;</p> +<p class="line">And it was a nut-gall from its limbs which it made into +a canteen for him.</p> +<p class="line">And these two together it slipped under his belt.</p> +<p class="line">And it was the branch toward the ocean which it broke +into four pieces, equally, and handed to him.</p> +<p class="line">And from thence he travelled on, on the Middle Road, +and where there were beautiful fringes he examined them as he went +along.</p> +<p class="line">And from the Middle Road he could see the road on +either side, the Road of the Enemy.</p> +<p class="line">And it was among the fringes, where he was pulling the +flowers made from sticks, that he reached the Speaker and tossed him, +too.</p> +<p class="line">And there he reached the place where the Sun +drinks.</p> +<p class="line">And tho the print of the Sun’s knee was full of +wind, and the print of his hand full of wind, <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb140" href="#pb140" name= +"pb140">140</a>]</span>there he knelt and drank as the Sun drinks.</p> +<p class="line">And there, in the clear water, he found the +Doctor’s stone, the <i>Dab-nam-hawteh</i>, which is square, and +there, under it, left the arrow-weeds.</p> +<p class="line">And he started on from thence and went to the Sunset +Place.</p> +<p class="line">Going down as the Sun goes down, and slid down from +there four times, to the home of Juhwerta Mahkai.</p> +<p class="line">When he sat down there a strong wind came from the West +and carried him to the East and brought him back and sat him down +again;</p> +<p class="line">And from Above a strong wind came and tossed him up +toward the sky, and returned him back and sat him down again.</p> +<p class="line">And the Black Gopher, his pet from the West, was +rolling over;</p> +<p class="line">And the Blue Gopher, his pet from the South, was +rolling over;</p> +<p class="line">And the Gopher of Light, his pet from the East, was +rolling over;</p> +<p class="line">And the Yellow Gopher, his pet from the North, was +rolling over;</p> +<p class="line">Because of their trouble about him.”</p> +<p class="line">And Juwerta Mahkai picked up Ee-ee-toy like a baby, and +held him in his arms, and swept the ground, and set him down upon +it.</p> +<p class="line">And blew smoke over him, till he felt refreshed like a +green tree.</p> +<p class="line">One kind of smoke was the ghost-smoke, which he blew +over him;<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" name= +"pb141">141</a>]</span></p> +<p class="line">And the other kind was the smoke of the root called +<i>bah-wiss-dhack</i>.</p> +<p class="line">And there they built the <i>O-num</i> of Light:</p> +<p class="line">Which means the circle of those great ones around the +fire.</p> +<p class="line">And thence they sent the Gray Owl, to go around the +enemy and breathe over them.</p> +<p class="line">Who, when they heard him, were shaking with fear;</p> +<p class="line">A fear that pulled out their thoughts so that they knew +nothing and were weak in arms and legs,</p> +<p class="line">And they could not remember their dreams, and their +skins became like the skins of sick people;</p> +<p class="line">And their lice became many, and their hair became +coarse, and their eyes became sore.</p> +<p class="line">And they chose the little Blue Owl and sent him to the +enemy, and he breathed over them.</p> +<p class="line">And he was invisible because of his blue darkness, and +he breathed over them quietly.</p> +<p class="line">And they selected a Green Road Runner, and sent him to +breathe over them.</p> +<p class="line">And the people could not see him because of his green +darkness, and he breathed over them quietly.</p> +<p class="line">And they selected the small Gray Night Hawk;</p> +<p class="line">And he blew a gray dust all thru the enemy’s +houses and swept their ground.</p> +<p class="line">And their springs of water were left dry, <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e2559" title="Source: chocked">choked</span> with +driftwood and covered with cobwebs.</p> +<p class="line">And their <i>kees</i>, their houses, were full of soot, +and their trails like old trails;</p> +<p class="line">And after that the fresh foot-tracks could be +seen—<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb142" href="#pb142" name= +"pb142">142</a>]</span></p> +<p class="line">And they went out and found the enemy by his fresh +tracks and captured him, for he had no weapons.</p> +<p class="line">And from the sending out of the birds, even to the end, +all this is a prophecy.</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb143" href="#pb143" name= +"pb143">143</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e2576" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2577" class="main">Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s +Resurrection</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">The Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection is perhaps +the most poetic in the series, and the opening picture of him lying on +the ground, lifeless, with the elements lamenting over him and the +little children playing on him, might challenge the genius of a great +artist.</p> +<p>It is particularly rich in the mystical element also.</p> +<p>I confess that I am not very confident of my rendering of those of +the opening sentences of Ee-ee-toy’s speech between “And he +had made an earth” and the statement “And they shot +him,” etc. My Indians seemed to get hopelessly tangled over +archaic words and other impediments here and not at all sure of what +they told me. The rest I think is correct.</p> +<p>Here we came to the mystic colors of the four quarters, North, +South, East and West and of the zenith, the Above, which the Pimas +reckoned evidently as a cardinal point. If their mystic power was +derived from the cardinal points, might not their inclusion of the +zenith make five also sometimes a mystic number? I think that it +perhaps was.</p> +<p>Brinton says that among the Mayas of Yucatan, East is Red, West is +Black, North is White and South is Yellow.</p> +<p>The Speaker: It was customary in the villages of the Awawtam for +some individual, perhaps a chief, or a mahkai, or some representative +of these, to mount on a kee, or other high place, and in a loud voice +shout news, orders, advice, or other important matters to the people. +This was the Speaker, a sort of town crier.</p> +<p>To step on the rushing young maid who gathered the cactus fruit was +a blow at the enemy’s subsistence.</p> +<p>It seems to have been a custom among the mahkais to have pet animals +to assist them in their magic.</p> +<p>A circle of bushes, stood up in the earth, forming a screen for +shelter or privacy, was called an onum. One or more may be found near +almost any Pima hut. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb144" href="#pb144" +name="pb144">144</a>]</span></p> +<p>To work witchcraft on a foe, so that he be left weaponless and +helpless, and off his guard against attack, seems to have been the +favorite dream of whoso went to war. Treachery was idolized. There was +no notion of a fair fight.</p> +<p>Stories of mythical beings who, tho repeatedly killed, persist in +coming to life again, are common among many Indian tribes.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="div0" id="night3"> +<h2 id="xd20e2604" class="main">Stories of the Third Night</h2> +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name= +"pb147">147</a>]</span> +<div id="eeeetoysarmy" class="div1 story"><span class= +"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e2608" class="main">The Story of Ee-ee-toy’s +Army</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd after +Ee-ee-toy was thru speaking Juhwerta Mahkai addressed him, and promised +him his help, and that he would lead out to earth again his people, who +had sunk down before the flood, that these might fight against the +people whom Ee-ee-toy had made and who now had turned against him.</p> +<p>So when his people heard this they gathered together all their +property that they could carry, to take to earth with them.</p> +<p>And Juhwerta Mahkai said to Ee-ee-toy: “You go ahead of the +people and I will follow.”</p> +<p>And they went out in bands.</p> +<p>The first band was called the <i>Mah-mahk-Gum</i>. These were led by +Ee-ee-toy, and their color was red.</p> +<p>The second band was called <i>Ah-pah-pah Gum</i>. And their colors +were white and yellow.</p> +<p>The third band was called <i>Vah-vah Gum</i>. And their color was +red.</p> +<p>The fourth band was called <i>Ah-pah-kee Gum</i>. And their colors +were white and yellow.</p> +<p>The fifth band was called <i>Aw-glee Gum</i>. And their color was +red.</p> +<p>And the sixth band was called <i>Ah-pel-ee Gum</i>. And their colors +were white and yellow.</p> +<p>And these bands were so called because it was by these names they +called their fathers. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb148" href= +"#pb148" name="pb148">148</a>]</span></p> +<p>As they were going to start they sent the Yellow Gopher ahead to +open a way for them to this earth.</p> +<p>And the gyih-haws were loaded with their belongings, and stood up +beside the ranks. And the bands went thru, one by one.</p> +<p>And when the fifth band was partly thru Toe-hahvs looked back and +saw the gyih-haws walking beside the ranks, and he was amused and said: +“I don’t think there will be enemies enuf for us to kill, +we are so many, and there are these other things, beside us, that look +so funny.” And he began to laugh.</p> +<p>And as soon as he laughed the gyih-haws stopped walking, and ever +since they have never walked, and the women have been obliged to carry +them.</p> +<p>And after these words, too, the earth closed up, so that the sixth +band and part of the fifth band were left behind. And Juhwerta +<span class="corr" id="xd20e2662" title="Source: Makai">Mahkai</span> +was left behind, also, and only Ee-ee-toy and Toe-hahvs, and some other +powerful men, went thru to lead the people.</p> +<p>And after they had come out a little way they came to a place called +the White Earth. And Ee-ee-toy stopped then and the others camped with +him.</p> +<p>And there the powerful men all sang, and the people joined in, and +all dressed themselves in their war-bonnets, and attired themselves for +war, and had a great war dance together. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb149" href="#pb149" name="pb149">149</a>]</span></p> +<p>And they went on again, another journey, and camped at the place +called Black Mountain, and again sang and danced a war dance.</p> +<p>So they went on, slowly, camping at one place, sometimes, for many +days or several weeks, making their living by hunting game.</p> +<p>And whenever they stopped they sent scouts and spies ahead to look +out for the next stopping-place, so that they might go ahead safely. +And this went on for many years.</p> +<p>And there were no deer in those days, and Ee-ee-toy said to the +wood-rat: “Let me make a deer of you.” And the wood-rat +said: “Moevah Sophwah” (all right). But when Ee-ee-toy took +out his knife and began to cut at his skin to change him into a deer, +he cried out so hard that Ee-ee-toy let him go. And you may see the +knife mark on his chest and neck to this day.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy asked another rat, the little one with coarse hair, +called <i>Geo-wauk-kuh-wah-paw-kum</i>, if he might make him into a +deer, and the little rat said “Moevah Sophwah!” And this +little rat was brave, and let Ee-ee-toy cut and change him, and he +became a deer. And Ee-ee-toy said: “You shall not be like some +animals, that love to roam all over, you shall love only one spot and +wish to stay there.” And that is why, to this day, the deer do +not care to leave their own places and wander as coyotes do.</p> +<p>So there were now plenty of deer, and the people had something new +to live upon. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb150" href="#pb150" name= +"pb150">150</a>]</span></p> +<p>And there were two brothers who were especially good at hunting the +deer. Their names were <i>Hay-mohl</i> and <i>Soo-a-dack +Cee-a-vawt</i>. And they hunted as the people marched, and kept them +well supplied with deer-meat.</p> +<p>And there was a doctor among them who took the ears and tail of the +deer and worked such witchcraft on them that the deer could hide away +so well that the hunters could not see them. They hunted, as the people +journeyed along, but all in vain.</p> +<p>And the hunters in their trouble sought to get help from a doctor, +and they happened to go to the very one who had helped the deer, and +they told him they wanted help to find the deer, for the children were +crying and hungry and they wanted meat to feed them. And the doctor +said: “I guess the trouble is that you look for the deer in the +old places, where you have already killed them<span class="corr" id= +"xd20e2699" title="Source: ,">.</span> If you will hunt for them in the +‘cheeks’ (the outlying flanks) of our line of march, you +will find them.” And the hunters hunted for the deer in the +cheeks but could not find them.</p> +<p>And they went that evening to the same doctor and told him of their +bad luck, and the doctor said: “If you will look for them next +time in the little valleys between the hills, I think, you will find +them, for they like to go there.”</p> +<p>And the hunters went the next day and looked in the little valleys, +but could not find the deer, and they came that evening and told the +doctor of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" href="#pb151" name= +"pb151">151</a>]</span>their bad luck. And he said: “If you hear +of anyone who chances to kill a deer, even if it is only a fawn, bring +me the tips of its ears, and of its tail, and of its nose.”</p> +<p>And the doctor said: “I want you to bring me these because a +deer feels first with his tail that some one is after him, and, second, +hears with his ears that some one is near, and, third, smells danger +with his nose. And that is why I want you to bring me these.”</p> +<p>The next day these brothers were in a crowd and heard that a fawn +had been killed, and went to it and cut off the tips of its tail and of +its ears and of its nose and brought these to the doctor. And the +doctor took these, and then he took those which he had used at first to +hide the deer with, and with these in his hand he began to sing.</p> +<p>And in his song he asked one of the brothers, Haymohl, for the +turquoise earrings which he wore; and then he asked Sooadack Ceeavawt +for the beads which were around his neck. But the brothers kept on +listening to his song and did not understand what he meant<span class= +"corr" id="xd20e2714" title="Source: ,">.</span></p> +<p>And he told them to hunt the next day near the crowd of people, and +they did so and killed a fawn, and took it home and had meat with their +family. And then they went again to the doctor; who again sang his +song, asking for the same gifts. And this time the brothers understood +him and Haymohl said: “O, I never thought of these,” and +took off his ear rings and gave them to him. And Sooadack Ceeavawt took +off his necklace <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb152" href="#pb152" +name="pb152">152</a>]</span>of beads and gave them to him. And the +doctor told them that the next day they were to hunt near the crowd, +and they would find plenty of deer anywhere they might hunt for them. +And he went to where the fawn skin was, and took pieces of its skin and +made medicine-bags for the brothers, out of the cheek pieces of the +fawn stretched out and made into soft buckskin, and filled these with +the scrapings of the buckskin and the tips of the fawn’s ears and +of his tail and nose and gave one to each of the brothers.</p> +<p>And the brothers took these bags, and wore them at their belts, and +the next day they went out hunting and in a little while killed a deer, +and went on a little further and killed another, and after that found +plenty of deer; and from that time on the people had plenty of venison +again.</p> +<p>And the people marched on in the order of their villages; and a +member of one village, a woman, was taken sick, and her +fellow-villagers stayed with her to take care of her, and the rest of +the army marched on, leaving this village behind. And these remained +with her till she died, and buried her, and then journeyed on till they +overtook the others.</p> +<p>And as they traveled a pestilence broke out, a sickness which spread +thru all the villages and delayed them. But a doctor told them to kill +a doe and have a big dance, the dance that is called “Tramping +Down the Sickness,” that the sick might get well. And they did +this and all their sick ones recovered. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb153" href="#pb153" name="pb153">153</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e2729" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2730" class="main">The First Song of Ee-ee-toy’s +Army</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">The White Earth I come to and sing;</p> +<p class="line">Where many war-bonnets are shaking with the wind;</p> +<p class="line">There we come together to dance and to sing.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e2739" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2740" class="main">The Doctor’s Song to the +Hunters</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line"><i>Sahn-a-mahl!</i><a class="noteref" id="xd20e2746src" +href="#xd20e2746" name="xd20e2746src">1</a></p> +<p class="line">Haymohl give me the necklace!</p> +<p class="line">Sooadack Ceeavawt give me the turquoise ear-rings!</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href="#pb154" name= +"pb154">154</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e2746" href="#xd20e2746src" name="xd20e2746">1</a></span> This +word was not translated—probably archaic and the meaning +forgotten.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="destruction" class="div1 story"><span class= +"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e2754" class="main">The Destruction of the Vahahkkees</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">(The Pima plural of <i>vah-ahk-kee</i> is +<i>vahp-ahk-kee</i>, but I have made all plurals English, as more +understandable.)</p> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd after this +they were not sick any more, and they came to the Gila Country, to +Ee-ee-toy’s land, the Land of the Vahahkkees, and here they +divided themselves into four parties, of which one went south; but the +doctors united them all by “The Light,” so that they would +know about each other in case there was a battle in which any needed +assistance.</p> +<p>And as they came into this country the people there were stirred up +with alarm, and the great doctor who lived at Casa Blanca, whose name +was <i>Tcheu-tchick-a-dah-tai Seeven</i>, sent his son to Stcheuadack +Seeven, at Casa Grande, to enquire if there were any prophecies that he +knew of about the coming of this great invading army.</p> +<p>So the boy went, but just before he got there he heard a frog, a big +one, which Stcheuadack Seeven kept for a pet and to assist him in his +work as a doctor, and when the boy heard the frog he was frightened, +and ran back, and when his father asked what he had learned, he said: +“Nothing, I heard a noise there that frightened me, so I ran home +again.”</p> +<p>And his father said: “That is nothing to be <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb155" href="#pb155" name= +"pb155">155</a>]</span>afraid of, that is only the voice of his pet, +his frog,” and he sent the boy once more.</p> +<p>So the boy went again, and came to Stcheuadack Seeven who asked him +what his father had sent him for, and the boy replied that his father +wanted to know if there were any prophecies about the coming of this +enemy, and how he felt about it every evening.</p> +<p>When the boy returned his father asked him what Stcheuadack Seeven +knew, and how he felt, and the boy said: “He does not know +anything. He says he sits out every night, and hears the different +animals, and enjoys their pleasant voices, and in the morning he enjoys +hearing the sweet songs of the birds, and he always feels good, and +does not fear anything.”</p> +<p>So his father said: “I am well satisfied that I will not be +the first to see this thing happen. It will be Stcheuadack Seeven who +will first see it, and it will not be ten days before it will +occur.”</p> +<p>And in a few days Ee-ee-toy’s army came to the village of +Stcheuadack Seeven and killed all the people there.</p> +<p>And Geeaduck Seeven, who lived at Awawtkum Vahahkkee, told his +people to flee: and many did so and ran to the mountains and other +places, but the others who did not run away came to Geeaduck +Seeven’s house, and he told them to come in there.</p> +<p>And the enemy came, and they fought, but it was not easy for +Ee-ee-toy’s warriors to fight the <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb156" href="#pb156" name="pb156">156</a>]</span>men of Geeaduck +Seeven, because they were nearly all inside, but his men managed to set +fire to the house, and so destroyed it, and killed all who were +therein.</p> +<p>Then Ee-ee-toy’s men marched on, north, to where +<i>Cheof-hahvo Seeven</i>, or Long Dipper Chief, lived, and as they +marched along they sang about the places they were conquering, and they +sang of the beads that they expected to get at this village, the beads +called <i>sah-vaht-kih</i>, and there was an old woman among them who +said: “When you get those beads, I want them.” And so when +they had conquered that vahahkkee they gave the beads to her.</p> +<p>And they went from there to the home of Dthas Seeven, who had a +cane-cactus fence about his place, and Ee-ee-toy’s men heard of +this, and sang about it as they went along. And they took this place +and killed Dthas Seeven.</p> +<p>And then they went on to where the Casa Blanca vahahkkees now are in +ruins; and the great doctor who lived there, the same who had sent his +boy to inquire of the prophecies, drew a magic line before his place, +so that the enemy could not cross. And when Ee-ee-toy’s men came +to the line the earth opened, and they could not go further till one of +their great doctors, by his power, had closed it, and then they could +pass it.</p> +<p>And they had a great battle there, for the place was very strong, +and hard to get into. And there was a doctor among them called +<i>Nee-hum Mah-kai</i>, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb157" href= +"#pb157" name="pb157">157</a>]</span>or Thunder Doctor, and they asked +him to use his magic power to tear the place down, and he tried, but +could not succeed. And they asked another, called <i>Tchu-dun +Mahkai</i>, or Earthquake Doctor, and he tried and failed also. And +then they asked another, a little man, not supposed to have much power, +and he took a hair from his head, and held it up by the two ends, and +sang a song, and turned it into a snake. And he sent the snake, and it +struck the house, and shook it so that it broke and fell down from +above. And then Ee-ee-toy’s men took the place, and killed +everybody there except Tcheutchickadahtai Seeven, who escaped and ran +on.</p> +<p>And one of Ee-ee-toy’s warriors pursued him, and was going to +strike him with a club when he sank down, and the place where he sank +was filled with a fog, so that they could not see him, and he got out +on the other side and ran on. But they had a doctor called +<i>Ku-mi-wahk Mahkai</i>, or Fog Doctor, and they had him clear away +the fog and then they could see him and chased him again.</p> +<p>And again, when about to be struck, he sank down, and a mirage +filled the place so that they could not see him, for things did not +look the same. And he got out beyond, and ran on. And they had a +<i>Sas-katch Mahkai</i>, or Mirage Doctor, who cleared away the false +appearance, and again they chased him, and were about to kill him, when +again he sank. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb158" href="#pb158" name= +"pb158">158</a>]</span></p> +<p>And this time a rainbow filled the place and made him invisible, and +again he ran on till their <i>Kee-hawt Mahkai</i>, or Rainbow Doctor, +removed the rainbow.</p> +<p>And once more they were about to strike him when he sank, and the +quivers which heat makes, called <i>coad-jook</i>, filled the hole, and +again he got away. But they had a Coadjook Doctor, and he removed it, +and then they chased him and killed him.</p> +<p>And they went northward again from there.</p> +<p>And there was a rattlesnake who had never killed an enemy, and he +asked a doctor to help him do this, and the doctor told him he would. +And the doctor told his pet gopher to dig a hole to the village of the +doctor who lived beyond <i>Od-chee</i>, where is the place called +<i>Scaw-coy-enk</i>, or Rattlesnake Village. And this doctor was the +speaker of his village, and every morning stood on a big stone and in a +loud voice told the people what they were to do. And the gopher dug a +hole to this stone, through which the rattlesnake crawled and lay in +wait under the stone. And when the doctor came out to speak to his +people in the morning, the rattlesnake bit him and then slid back into +his hole again. And the doctor came down from the stone, and went into +his kee, and fell down there and died.</p> +<p>And after taking this place they marched to the place called +<i>Ko-awt-kee Oy-yee-duck</i>, or Shell Field, where a doctor-chief +lived, named <span class="corr" id="xd20e2851" title= +"Source: Tcheunasset">Tcheunassat</span> <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb159" href="#pb159" name="pb159">159</a>]</span>Seeven, and this +place they took, and Ee-ee-toy himself killed this doctor, this being +the first foe he had killed.</p> +<p>And they went on again to the place where Nooee lived, called +<i>Wuh-a-kutch</i>. And Ee-ee-toy said: “When you come there you +will know the man who killed me by his white leggings, and when you +find him, do not kill him, but capture him, and bring him to me, and I +will do what I please with him.”</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy had the Eagle and the Chicken-Hawk go up in the sky to +look for Noo-ee, for he said he might go up there. And the Eagle and +the Chicken-Hawk found Nooee there, and caught him, and brought him to +Ee-ee-toy, who took him and scalped him alive. And Nooee, after he was +scalped, fell down and died, and the women came around him, rejoicing +and dancing, and singing; “O why is Seeven dead!” And after +awhile be began to come to life again, and lay there rolling and +moaning.</p> +<p>And Ee-ee-toy’s men went on again to a village beyond Salt +River, where lived a chief who had a brother, and they were both +left-handed, but famous shots with the bow. And these brothers put up +the hardest fight yet encountered. But when the brothers were too hard +pressed they fled to <i>Cheof See-vick</i>, or Tall Red Mountain, and +there they kept shooting and killed a great many of Ee-ee-toy’s +men, who were short of arrows, after so long fighting and many of their +bows broken. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160" href="#pb160" name= +"pb160">160</a>]</span></p> +<p>Because of this, Ee-ee-toy’s men had to fall back and surround +the place.</p> +<p>And when this happened the band that had gone to the south knew by +the “Light” that it was so, and came to help them. And +these had many bows and arrows, and beside brought wood to mend the +broken bows, and wood to make new arrows; and when they came into the +place they gave their bows and arrows to Ee-ee-toy’s men and made +themselves new bows from the wood they had brought. And these men were +the ancestors of the <i>Toe-hawn-awh Aw-aw-tam</i>, the present +Papagoes, and that is why to this day the Papagoes are most expert in +making bows and arrows. And then the fight began again and the two +brave brothers were killed.</p> +<p>And from there they went on to another awawtkumvahahkkee, where is +now Fort McDowell, where lived another seeven whom they fought and +conquered.</p> +<p>And from there they went on westward thru the mountains. But when +they came to <i>Kah-woet-kee</i>, near where is now Phoenix, one of the +chiefs in Ee-ee-toy’s army said: “I have seen enuf of this +country, and I will take this for my part and remain here.” And +he did so.</p> +<p>And the bands went on and came to the Colorado River, and there one +of the great doctors, called <i>Gaht Mahkai</i>, or Bow Doctor, struck +the river with his bow and laid it down in the water. And the water +separated then so that the people <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" +href="#pb161" name="pb161">161</a>]</span>were able to go over to the +other side. And beyond the Colorado they came to a people who lived in +holes in the ground, whom they found it hard to fight, and they asked +help of their Thunder Doctor, and when the people came out of their +holes to fight he struck right in the midst of them, but killed only +one. Then they asked help of the Earthquake Doctor, and he was able to +kill only one. And these two were all they killed. And these people +were called <i>Choo-chawf Aw-aw-tam</i>, or the Foxes, because they +lived in holes.</p> +<p>And after the army failed to conquer the Foxes they returned across +the Colorado River, near where is now Yuma. And here again the Bow +Doctor divided the water for them. But before all the bands were across +the waters closed, and some were left behind. And these called to those +who were across to have the Bow Doctor hit the waters again, that they +also might get there. But those who were across would not do this, but +told them that there was plenty of land where they were that would make +them a comfortable home. And those left there were the ancestors of the +present Yumas and Maricopas. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb162" href= +"#pb162" name="pb162">162</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e2896" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2897" class="main">Song before the Fight with Cheof-Hahvo +Seeven<a class="noteref" id="xd20e2899src" href="#xd20e2899" name= +"xd20e2899src">1</a></h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">In the land where there are a great many +galley-worms—</p> +<p class="line">I will get the doctor out,</p> +<p class="line">It will lighten his heart.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e2912" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2913" class="main">A Song of the Doctor whose Snake Threw +down the Vahahkkee</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">I made the black snake;</p> +<p class="line">And he went across and wounded the vahahkkee.</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name= +"pb163">163</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e2921" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e2922" class="main">Notes on the Story of Ee-ee-toy’s +Army and that of the Destruction of the <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e2924" title="Source: Vahakkees">Vahahkkees</span></h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In the Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Army we come to an +amusing superstition of the Pimas. There is a funny little creature in +Arizona, related to the tarantula, perhaps, which the Pimas say is very +poisonous, and which is certainly very quick in motion and the hardest +thing to kill I ever saw. It is covered with a sort of fuzzy hair, +which blows in the wind, and is sometimes red and sometimes yellow or +white. Now there seems to be a connection in the Indian mind between +this <i>way-heem-mahl</i>, as they name him, and this story of +Ee-ee-toy’s Army. The bands, it is related, were distinguished by +certain colors—some took red, and some yellow and white, for +their badge-color. And the Pimas of today suppose themselves descended +from these bands, and some clans claim that the bands of the red were +their forbears, and some trace back to the bands of yellow and white. +And not many years back there was a rivalry between these, and the +wayheemmahls, having the same colors, were identified with the bands, +and the Pimas descended from a band of a certain color would not kill a +wayheemmahl of that color, or willingly permit others to do so, but +would eagerly kill wayheemmahls of the opposite color. If, then, a Pima +of the red faction saw a yellow wayheemmahl, running over the ground, +he was quick to jump on it; but if a Pima of the yellow stood near he +would resent this attack on his relation, and a hair-pulling fight +would result. This custom is probably altogether obsolete now.</p> +<p>It will be noticed that the fantastic explanations of why gyihhaws +are now carried by the women, is contradicted by the carrying of +gyihhaws by various women in previous stories.</p> +<p>The closing of the earth cuts down the six bands to four and a +fraction. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164" href="#pb164" name= +"pb164">164</a>]</span></p> +<p>Wardances, and extravagant and boastful speeches prophesying +success, seem to have preceded all the military movements of the +Awawtam.</p> +<p>The creation of deer in this story, by Ee-ee-toy, is contrary to +their presence in earlier tales, as in that of Ahahnheeattoepahk +Mahkai.</p> +<p>The careful mention of the sickness and death of an apparently +unimportant woman is curious, and hard to explain. Perhaps this was the +inauguration of the pestilence.</p> +<p>The Story of the Destruction of the Vahahkkees has the most historic +interest of any.</p> +<p>The uniting of the bands by the “Light” is very curious. +My Indians could not tell me what this was, only something occult and +mysterious by which they had clairvoyant ken of each other’s +needs. Its use appears in the fight at Cheof Seevick.</p> +<p>The resemblance to the Israelites crossing the Red Sea is remarkable +in the exploit of the Bow Doctor, and the crossing of the Rio +Colorado.</p> +<p>The Choochawf Awawtam appear to have been cave-dwellers, and my +Indians were confused in memory as to whether they were encountered on +the hither or far side of the Colorado.</p> +<p>The statement that the closing of the waters left the Yumas and +Maricopas on the far bank of the Colorado is likely only a +mahkai’s fanciful attempt to explain their presence there. As the +Indians of the Yuman stock speak an entirely different language from +the Indians of the Piman stock, it is unlikely they were united in the +original invading army. There is no other evidence that there ever was +any alliance between them till the Maricopas, fearing extermination +from the Yumas, joined the Pimas sometime in the first half of the +nineteenth century.</p> +<p>Comalk Hawkkih gave me this account of the coming in of the +Maricopas: The Yumas and the Maricopas were once all one people, but +there was a jealousy between two <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb165" +href="#pb165" name="pb165">165</a>]</span>sons of a chief, one of whom +was a favorite of his father, and one killed the other, and this grew +to a civil war. The defeated party, the Maricopas, went first to Hot +Springs, where they staid awhile, and then to Gila Bend, but each time +the Yumas followed and attacked them and drove them on. Fearing +extermination they came to the Pimas for protection. The Pimas adopted +them. Now began war between Yumas and Mohaves on one side, and Pimas, +Papagoes and Maricopas on the other. There were only two battles after +the Maricopas came in, but in the second battle all the Yuma warriors +engaged were killed, and the Mohaves had to flee over the mountain, and +only a part of these escaped. This battle was fought at what is now +called Maricopa Mountain.</p> +<p>So terrible was the defeat, that to this day the Yumas hold an +annual “Cry,” or lamentation, in memory of it. Their old +foes are invited, and if any Pima or Maricopa attends he is given a +horse. This war reduced both Yumas and Maricopas to a mere remnant.</p> +<p>Since then the Maricopas have lived with the Pimas, and in customs +are almost exactly similar, except that they burn their dead, and still +speak their distinctive language.</p> +<p>They are a taller, larger race than the Pimas, more restless, said +to be quicker witted, but more inclined to vice, and to be rapidly +dying out; while the Pimas yet hold their own in numbers, despite +recent inroads of tuberculosis. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb166" +href="#pb166" name="pb166">166</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e2899" href="#xd20e2899src" name="xd20e2899">1</a></span> This +song is evidently imperfect, for in the context it is said that before +this fight they sang about the beads, <i>sah-vaht-kih</i>, but there is +no mention of them here.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="sohahnee" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e2965" class="main">The Story of Sohahnee Mahkai and +Kawkoinpuh</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e628"><span class="xd20e628init">N</span>ow when the +bands were going thru this country they had selected the places for +their homes, expecting to return, and each band, as it selected its +place, drove down short sticks so as to know it again.</p> +<p>And after returning across the Rio Colorado the bands went again to +these places which they had selected and settled there.</p> +<p>Only the Toehawnawh Awawtam (the Papagoes) did not at first go to +their selected place, but went on beyond <i>Awn-kee Ack-kee-mull</i>, +the Salt River, to where is now Lehi.</p> +<p>And there was one doctor among them named <i>So-hah-nee Mahkai</i>, +and he had no child, but he had found one of the children belonging to +the country, which had been left alive, and he had adopted it for his +own. And he went on and lived by himself at the place then called +<i>Vah-kah-kum</i>, but now named <i>Stcheu-a-dack-a-Vahf</i>, or Green +Cliff.</p> +<p>And the <i>Aw-up</i>, or Apaches, were a part of the original people +of this country, and this child which Sohahnee <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e2992" title="Source: Makai">Mahkai</span> had adopted was an +Apache.</p> +<p>And when he had grown up to be quite a large boy the Apaches planned +to capture Sohahnee Mahkai; but Sohahnee Mahkai knew of this and told +the boy to go to a place where he had been clearing up a farm and to +find the stick there with <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href= +"#pb167" name="pb167">167</a>]</span>which he had been cutting down +bushes, and to dig a hole there under the bushes, and then to come back +home and eat his supper. And after he had eaten his supper he was to +return to the place where the stick was, and hide in the hole under the +bushes which were there.</p> +<p>And the boy’s name was <i>Kaw-koin-puh</i>, and he dug the +hole under the bushes, as he was directed, and returned for his +supper.</p> +<p>And then Sohahnee Mahkai said to him: “Now to-night the +Apaches will come to kill me, but here is a basket-box which I want you +to have after I am dead. And when you are safe in your hole you will +hear when they come to kill me. But don’t you come out till they +are far enuf away. Then come and find my body, no matter whether h is +here or dragged away. And when you find it, do not mind how stained and +bloody it is, but fall upon it, and put your mouth to mine, and inhale, +and thus you will inherit my power. And when you leave my body, do not +attempt to follow after the Apaches, for they would surely <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e3006" title="Source: killl">kill</span> you, for tho +you are one of them they would not know that, because you do not speak +their language. But I want you to return to where we left some people +at the place called <i>Vik-kuh-svan-kee</i>.”</p> +<p>So the boy took the little basket-box, and went to his hole, and +early in the evening the Apaches came and surrounded the house, and +staid there till near morning, and then began the attack. And +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb168" href="#pb168" name= +"pb168">168</a>]</span>the boy could hear the fighting, and could hear +Sohahnee Mahkai yell every time his arrow killed anyone; and he could +hear the old woman, his wife, shout out in her exultation, too. And it +was after the sun was up that the old woman was killed; and then +Sohahnee <span class="corr" id="xd20e3016" title= +"Source: Makai">Mahkai</span> ran out and the Apaches chased him and +killed him, and said: “Now let us cut him open and find what it +is that made him so brave, and enabled him to kill so many of +us.” And they cut him open and found under his heart a feather of +the chicken hawk.</p> +<p>And the Apaches took that feather, and that is how they are so brave +and even if there are only two of them will often attack their enemies +and kill some of them.</p> +<p>And after the Apaches were far away the boy came out of his hole and +found the old woman, and from there tracked till he found the old man; +and he fell over him, as he had been told, and inhaled four times; and +then he went to Vikkuhsvankee, but he got there at night, and did not +attempt to go into any house<span class="corr" id="xd20e3024" title= +"Source: .">,</span> but staid outside all night in the bushes.</p> +<p>And in the morning a girl came and found the boy, and went back and +told the people there was some one outside who was a stranger there, +some one with short hair. And they came and stood <span class="corr" +id="xd20e3029" title="Source: a-around">around</span> him, and teased +him, and threw dirt at him, until finally he cried out: +“Don’t you remember me, who I am? My name is Kawkoinpuh and +I was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" name= +"pb169">169</a>]</span>here once, but went away with the doctor, +Sohahnee <span class="corr" id="xd20e3034" title= +"Source: Makai">Mahkai</span>. And now the Apaches have killed him and +the old woman, his wife, and I am left alone.”</p> +<p>And when he said this the people remembered him, and took him by the +hand, and led him to a doctor named <i>Gawk-siss Seev-a-lick</i>, who +adopted him, and he was treated nicely because he was a good hunter and +used to keep the doctor in plenty of game.</p> +<p>And the doctor had a daughter, and when she was old enuf he gave her +to Kawkoinpuh for his wife. And Kawkoinpuh staid with his wife’s +people; and his wife expected a child, and wanted different things to +eat. So Kawkoinpuh left home and went to the mountain called Vahpkee, +and there got her a lot of the greens called choohookyuh. And after a +while he <span class="corr" id="xd20e3044" title= +"Source: wonted">wanted</span> to go again, but she said: “Do not +go now, for the weather is bad. Wait till it is more pleasant.” +But he said, “I am going now,” and he went.</p> +<p>And this time he was hunting wood rats instead of greens, and he had +killed three and was trying to scare out the fourth one, where he could +shoot it, when the Apaches came and surrounded him a good ways off.</p> +<p>He saw them and ran for home, but there were many Apaches in front +of him, and they headed him off.</p> +<p>But he jumped up and down and sideways, as Sohahnee Mahkai had done, +shooting and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href="#pb170" name= +"pb170">170</a>]</span>killing so many that finally he broke thru their +ring, and started for home. But he kept turning back and shooting at +them as he ran. And one of them came near and was about to kill him, +but he shot first and killed the Apache. And then another came near and +this time the Apache shot first, and so Kawkoinpuh was killed.</p> +<p>And when evening came, Gawksiss Seevalick came out, and called +aloud, and invited the people to his house, and asked them if any had +seen his son, Kawkoinpuh; who had seen him last; for he knew something +had happened <span class="corr" id="xd20e3057" title= +"Not in source">to</span> him, as he always came home after his hunt, +because he loved his home. But nobody had seen anything of Kawkoinpuh, +because no one had been out, the weather being bad.</p> +<p>But <span class="corr" id="xd20e3062" title= +"Source: Gawksis">Gawksiss</span> Seevalick knew the boy was killed, +because he was a doctor, and there is a being above, called +<i>Vee-ips-chool</i>, who is always sad and who makes people sad when +anything bad has happened.</p> +<p>So they went out the next morning, and tracked the boy, and came to +where he had killed the wood-rats, and then they found the tracks of +the Apaches, and then found a great many Apaches whom he had killed, +and finally they found his body.</p> +<p>The Apaches had cut him open, and taken out his bowels and wound +them around bushes, and cut off his arms and legs and hung them on +trees. And one of the men, there, told them to get wood <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171" name="pb171">171</a>]</span>and +to gather up these parts of Kawkoinpuh’s body and burn them. And +some of the people remained behind and did this, and then all went +home.</p> +<p>And in the evening Gawksiss Seevalick again called the people +together and sang them a song to express his grief.</p> +<p>And the next morning he went with his daughter to where Kawkoinpuh +had been burned, and there they found some blood still remaining and +buried it. And that evening again he called the people together, and +said: “You see what has happened; we have lost one of our number. +We ought not to stay here, but to return to the place we first +selected.” And the people took his advice and got their things +ready and started.</p> +<p>And they went slow because they were on foot, and it took them four +nights to get to the place where they wanted to go. And the first night +there was no singing, but the second night there was a doctor named +<i>Geo-goot-a-nom-kum</i> who sang a song for them; and the third night +there was a doctor named <i>Geo-deck-why-nom-kum</i> who sang a song +for them; and on the fourth night there was a doctor named +<i>Mahn-a-vanch-kih</i> who sang for them a song. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb172" href="#pb172" name="pb172">172</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e3091" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e3092" class="main">Notes on the Story of Sohahnee +Mahkai</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In this we are given a most graphic and pathetic +glimpse of Indian warfare.</p> +<p>Notice the bushes are “cut down” (broken off more +likely) by a stick. A glimpse of the rude old tools.</p> +<p>Very poetic is the conception of Veeipschool, “the being above +who is always sad, and makes people sad when anything bad has +happened.” A personification of premonition. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href="#pb173" name="pb173">173</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="pahtahnkum" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e3102" class="main">The Story of Pahtahnkum</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd when they +came to their journey’s end the wife of Kaw-koin-puh had a baby, +which grew up to be a fine boy, but the mother cried all the time, +where-ever she went, on account of her husband’s death.</p> +<p>And the people, after they had settled down, used to go +rabbit-hunting, and the children too, and this boy, +<i>Paht-ahn-kum</i>, used to watch them wistfully, and his mother said: +“I know what you are thinking of, but there is nothing for you to +kill rabbits with. But I will send you to your uncle, my brother, whom +I am expecting will make a bow and arrows for you.”</p> +<p>And the next morning, early, the boy went to his uncle, who said: +“Why do you come so early? It is an unusual thing for you to come +to see me so early instead of playing with boys and girls of your own +age.”</p> +<p>And the boy replied: “My mother said she was expecting you to +make me a bow and arrows.”</p> +<p>And his uncle said: “That is an easy thing to do. Let us go +out and get one.” And they went out and found an <i>o-a-pot</i>, +or cat-claw tree, and cut a piece of its wood to make a bow, and they +made a fire and roasted the stick over this, turning it, and they made +a string from its bark to try it with; and then they found arrow-weeds, +and made <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name= +"pb174">174</a>]</span>arrows, four of them, roasting these, too, and +strengthening them; and then they went home and made a good string for +the bow from sinew.</p> +<p>And then the boy went home and showed his mother his bow and +arrows.</p> +<p>And the next morning the children went hunting and little Pahtahnkum +went with them to the place of meeting.</p> +<p>And they found a quotaveech’s nest near them, with young ones +in it, and one of the men shot into it and killed one of the young +ones, and then the children ran up to join in the killing. And when +Pahtahnkum came up, one of the men threw him one of the young birds, +and said: “Here, take it, even if your mother does not wish to +marry me.”</p> +<p>And the little boy ran home and gave his game to his mother, and +when she saw it she turned her back on it and cried. And he wondered +why she cried when he had brought her game and was wishing she would +cook it for his dinner.</p> +<p>And his mother said: “I never thought my relatives would treat +you this way. There is an animal, the <i>caw-sawn</i>, the wood rat, +and a bird, the <i>kah-kai-cheu</i>, the quail, and these are good to +eat, and these are what they ought to give you, and when they give you +those, bring them home and I will cook them for you.” She said, +further; “This bird is not fit to eat; and I was thinking, while +I was crying, that if your father were living now you would have plenty +of game, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb175" href="#pb175" name= +"pb175">175</a>]</span>and he would make you a fine bow, and teach you +to be as good a hunter as there is. And I will tell you now how your +father died. We did not use to live here. But beyond this mountain +there is a river, and beyond that another river still, and that is +where we lived and where your father was killed by the people called +Apaches, and that is why we are here, and why we are so poor now.</p> +<p>I am only telling you this so you may know how you came to be +fatherless, for I know very well you can never pay it back, for the +Apaches are very fierce, and very brave, and those who go to their +country have to be very careful; for even at night the Apaches may be +near them, and even the sunshine in their country feels <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e3143" title="Source: difderent">different</span> from +what it does here.”</p> +<p>And the little boy, that night, went to his uncle, who asked: +“Why do you come to me in the night?”</p> +<p>And the little boy said: “I come to you because today I was +hunting with the bow and arrows you made me, and someone gave me a +little bird, and I was bashful, and brought it right home for my mother +to cook for me, and she cried, and then told me about my father and how +he died. And I do not see why you kept this a secret from me. And I +wish you would tell me what these Apaches look like, that they are so +fierce and brave.”</p> +<p>And his uncle said: “That is so. I have not <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb176" href="#pb176" name="pb176">176</a>]</span>told +you of these things because you are just a baby yet, and I did not +intend to tell you until you were a man, but now I know you have sense +enuf to wish to learn. There is nothing so very different or dangerous +about these Apaches; only their bows, and their arrows of cane are +dangerous.”</p> +<p>And the little boy went on to another doctor, who said: “Why +do you come to me? <span class="corr" id="xd20e3156" title= +"Source: are">Are</span> you lost? If so, we will take you home.” +But the little boy said to him: “No, I am not lost, but I want +you to tell me one thing—why the Apaches are so +dangerous—are they like the <i>har-sen</i>, the giant cactus, +with so many thorns?” And the doctor answered: “No, they +are men like we are, and have thoughts as we have, and eat as we do, +and there is only one thing that makes them dangerous and that is their +bows and their arrows of cane.”</p> +<p>So the little boy went to the next doctor, and this doctor also +asked him if he were lost, and he said: “No, but I want you to +tell me just one thing—why the Apaches are so dangerous. Are they +like the <i>mirl-hawk</i>, the cane-cactus, with so many branches all +covered with thorns?” And the doctor replied: “No, they are +human beings just as we are, and think just as we do, and eat as we do, +and the only things that make them dangerous are their bows and their +arrows of cane.” And the little boy said: “I am +satisfied.”</p> +<p>But he went yet to another doctor and asked <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb177" href="#pb177" name="pb177">177</a>]</span>him +also why the Apaches were so dangerous, were they like the +<i>hah-nem</i>, the <i>cholla</i> cactus? <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e3177" title="Source: but">But</span> the doctor said no, and gave +the same answer as the others had done, and the little boy said: +“I am satisfied, then,” and went back to his uncle again +and began to question him about <span class="corr" id="xd20e3180" +title="Source: how">what</span> people did when they got ready for war, +and what they did to purify themselves afterward, and his uncle said: +“It is now late at night, and I want you to go home, and tomorrow +come to me, and I will tell you about these things.”</p> +<p>So the little boy went home, but very early in the morning, before +sunrise, he was again at his uncle’s house, and came in to him +before he was yet up. And his uncle said: “I will now tell you, +but we must go outside and not talk in here before other +people.”</p> +<p>And he took the little boy outside<span class="corr" id="xd20e3187" +title="Source: .">,</span> and they stood there facing the east, +waiting for the sun to rise, with the little boy on the right of his +uncle. And when the sun began to rise the doctor stretched out his left +hand and caught a sunbeam, and closed his hand on it, but when he +opened his hand there was nothing there; and then he used his right +hand and caught a sunbeam but when he opened his hand there was nothing +there; and he tried again with his left hand, and there was nothing, +but when he tried the second time with his right hand, when he opened +it, there was a lock of Apache’s hair in his hand. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href="#pb178" name="pb178">178</a>]</span></p> +<p>And he took this and put it in the little boy’s breast, and +rubbed it in there till it all disappeared, having entered into the +little boy’s body.</p> +<p>And then he told the little boy to get him a small piece of oapot or +cat-claw tree, but no, he said, I will go myself; and he went and got a +little piece of the oapot, and tied a strip of cloth around the +boy’s head, and stuck the little piece of wood in it, and then +told him to go home to his mother and tell her to give him a new dish +to eat from.</p> +<p>And this stick which the doctor had put into the boy’s hair +represented the <i>kuess-kote</i> or scratching stick which the Pimas +and Papagoes used after killing Apaches, during the purification time; +and the doctor had made it from cat-claw wood because the cat-claw +catches everybody that comes near, and he wanted the boy to have great +power to capture his enemies.</p> +<p>And his uncle told the boy to stay at home in the day time, lying +still and not going anywhere, but at night to come to him again. +“And before you come again,” he said, “I will make +you something and have it ready for you.”</p> +<p>And the little boy kept still all that day, but at night he went to +his uncle again, and his uncle had four pipes ready for him, made from +pieces of cane, and he said, “Now tonight when the people gather +here (for it was the custom for many people to come to the +doctor’s house in the evening) they will talk and have a good +time, but <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb179" href="#pb179" name= +"pb179">179</a>]</span>after they are thru I will roll a coal from the +fire toward you, and then you light one of the pipes and smoke four +whiffs, and after that slide the <i>watch-kee</i>, the pipe, along the +ground toward me, as is the custom, and I will smoke it four times and +pass it to my next neighbor, and he will do the same, and so the pipe +will go all around and come back to you. And even when it is out, when +it comes back to you, you are to take it and stick the end that was +lighted in the ground.</p> +<p>So that evening the people all assembled as usual, and told all the +news of the day, and about the hunting as was their custom. And when +they were thru, and had quieted down, the uncle moved to the fire and +rolled a coal toward Pahtahnkum, who took it and lit one of the pipes, +and smoked it four times, and then slid it slowly (the pipe must be +slid slowly because if it were slid rapidly the enemy would be too +quick and escape, but if it is done slowly the enemy will be slow and +can be captured) along the ground to his uncle. And his uncle took the +watchkee, the pipe-tube, and smoked it also four whiffs, and passed it +on, but saying: “Of course you are all aware that if any man +among you has a wife expecting to have a baby soon, he should not smoke +it, but pass it on without smoking to his neighbor, for if you smoke in +such case the child will not be likely to live very long.”</p> +<p>And so the pipe passed around, and the boy, when the pipe came to +him again, buried it as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href= +"#pb180" name="pb180">180</a>]</span>he had been told, and then he +began to make this speech:—</p> +<p>“I am nothing but a child, and I go around where the people +are cooking and when they give me something to eat I generally suffer +because it is so hot. And there was a hunt, and you gave me nothing but +a little quotaveech, and stuck it under my belt as if it were something +good to eat: and when I took it home to my mother, and dropped it down +by her, she turned her back upon it and began to cry. And when she had +done crying she told me of all that had happened before, about my +father’s death, and the story entered my heart; and I went for +help to a respectable person, a doctor, one to whom a child would not +be likely to go, and he kindly assisted me, and told me what I asked of +him.</p> +<p>And I wanted to be revenged on the slayers of my father, and in +imagination a day was appointed for the war, and I went; and the first +night I feared nothing and felt good, and the second night, too, I +feared nothing and felt good, but the third night I knew I was in the +land of the Apaches, an enemy with shield and club, and I did not feel +good, and it seemed to me the world was shaking, and I thought of what +my mother had said, that the land of the Apaches was different from +ours.</p> +<p>And the fourth day I went on and came to the mountain of the +Apaches, and I found there the broken arrows of my father’s +fight; and I sat <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb181" href="#pb181" +name="pb181">181</a>]</span>down, for it seemed to me the mountains and +the earth were shaking, and shook my knees, and I thought of what my +mother had said that the land of the Apaches felt entirely +different.</p> +<p>And the next day I went on and came to the water of the Apaches. And +my hair lay over the water like moss. And I looked and found my skull, +and I used it for a dipper, and parted the hair with it, and dipped up +the water and drank it. And when I drank from the skull I felt as if I +were crazy, and clutched around with my hands at things that were not +there.</p> +<p>And from there I went on to another water, and that was covered with +the white war-paint of my hair, which lay like ashes on the water, and +I looked around and found my skull, and drank from that water, and it +smelled strong to me like the smell of human flesh and of black +war-paint.</p> +<p>And all this was caused in my imagination by the thought of my dead +father, and of how the Apaches had gone along rejoicing because they +had killed him.</p> +<p>And the next place was a great rock, and I sat down under it, and it +was wet with my tears; and the winds of the power of my sadness blew +around the rock four times, and shook me.</p> +<p>In the far east there is a gray cousin, the Coyote, and he knows +where to find the Apaches, and he was the first I selected to help me +and be my comrade, and he took my word, and joined me; and stood up and +looked, and saw the Apaches <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb182" href= +"#pb182" name="pb182">182</a>]</span>for me and told me; and I had my +band ready, and my boys captured the Apaches, who had no weapons ready +to injure them.</p> +<p>And after killing them I took their property, and I seemed to get +all their strength, all their power. And I came home, bringing all the +things I had captured, and enriched my home, strengthening myself four +times, and the fame of my deed was all over the country.</p> +<p>And I went to the home of the doctor, taking the child I had +captured, and when we were there the blue tears fell from the eyes of +the child onto my boys and girls.</p> +<p>And all of you, my relatives, should think of this, and be in favor +of the war, remembering the things we have captured, and the enemies we +have killed, and should make your singing all joy because of our past +successes.”</p> +<p>And after the speech was done, feeling it the speech of a child, the +people were silent, but at length Toehahvs said: “I like the way +of the child, because I am sure he is to be a powerful person, perhaps +stronger than any of us, and I respect him, and that is why I am kind +to him, and I want that we should all take a smoke, and after that you +will get over your feeling of his insignificance.”</p> +<p>And then they all smoked again, and began to talk about the war, and +of the things they lacked, but the boy wanted them to get ready in four +days, telling them that was plenty of time. And <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183" name="pb183">183</a>]</span>so +they all began to get ready for the war, making and getting ready +shields, clubs, bows, arrows, shoes, and whatever was needed.</p> +<p>And so the people departed for the war, and the very day they left, +the mother of Pahtahnkum went and got clay to make the new dishes for +the men who should kill Apaches, for she foreknew that many would be +killed, and so she sang at her work. And a few of the people were left +at home, and one of these was an old man, and he passed near where the +mother (whose name was <i>Koel-hah-ah</i>) was making her pottery, and +heard her singing her song, and he said to the people: “It is +very strange that this woman who <span class="corr" id="xd20e3254" +title="Source: usod">used</span> to cry all the time is singing now her +boy has gone to the war. Perhaps she is like some wives, who when their +time of mourning is over are looking out for another man.”</p> +<p>And the war-party went by near where <i>Tawtsitka</i> (Sacaton) now +is, around the mountain <i><span class="corr" id="xd20e3263" title= +"Source: Chirt-kee">Chirt-kih</span></i>, and west of the +<i><span class="corr" id="xd20e3267" title= +"Source: Sah-kote-kee">Sah-kote-kih</span></i>, (Superstition) +mountains, and there they found tracks of the Apaches, and paused, and +the boy, Pahtahnkum, told them to wait there while he went forward and +found where the Apaches were.</p> +<p>And Toehahvs said: “I will go with you, so we can help each +other and be company, and you will feel that you have some strength, +and I will feel the same.”</p> +<p>So Pahtahnkum and Toehahvs went out on their scout, and went up an +<i>arroyo</i>, or washout <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb184" href= +"#pb184" name="pb184">184</a>]</span>valley, In the mountains, and in +making a turn came suddenly upon some Apache children playing in the +sand, and the children saw them and ran up the valley to where the +Apache houses were. And the two scouts stood and looked at each other +and said: “What shall we do now! for if we go back the people +will blame us for letting the Apaches see us first.”</p> +<p>And Pahtahnkum said: “You go back and step in my tracks, and I +will turn into a crow and fly up on this rock.” And this was +done, and when the Apaches came they could see only the coyote tracks, +and they said: “There are no human tracks here. It must have been +a coyote the children saw,” and they went back home. And then +Pahtahnkum flew to where Toehahvs was, and came down and took his human +shape again.</p> +<p>And the band had been anxious about them, because they were gone so +long, and had followed their tracks<span class="corr" id="xd20e3284" +title="Source: .">,</span> and now came near, and when Pahtahnkum saw +them, instead of going back to them, he and Toehahvs turned and ran +toward the Apaches, and all the band rushed after them, and they took +the Apache village by surprise, and conquered and killed all the men, +and then killed all the women, and scalped them all.</p> +<p>And because Pahtahnkum had been so brave, and had killed many, the +people brought all the scalps to him, and all the baskets, and bows and +arrows, and other things they had taken, and laid them around him; and +then they all stood around <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href= +"#pb185" name="pb185">185</a>]</span>him in circles, the oldest in the +middle next <span class="corr" id="xd20e3291" title= +"Not in source">to</span> the boy, and the others, in the order of +their age, in circles outside.<a class="noteref" id="xd20e3294src" +href="#xd20e3294" name="xd20e3294src">1</a> And then Pahtahnkum began +to yell, he was so rejoiced, and he threw the scalps of the Apaches up +into the air, and then, after them, the other things, the bows and +arrows, and all things captured, because he wanted to make a cloud; for +when an Apache is killed it will rain.</p> +<p>And while this was happening, his mother was rejoicing at home, +knowing all that was happening <span class="corr" id="xd20e3302" title= +"Not in source">to</span> her boy.</p> +<p>So the people took everything the Apaches had, and a good many +children as captives, and they returned by the same road, and before +they got home they sent a messenger ahead.</p> +<p>And when they got home they presented all the property taken, and +all the weapons and all the captives to the mother of Pahtahnkum.</p> +<p>Now when the neighbors of those Apaches heard of this they formed a +big war-party, and followed Pahtahnkum’s trail, but when they +came to the place called <i>Taht-a-mumee-lay-kote</i> they stopped, +because they did not know where to find water, and so they turned back, +tho from there they could see the mountains where Pahtahnkum lived.</p> +<p>And after Pahtahnkum had gone thru the prescribed purifications, and +the war-dances and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186" +name="pb186">186</a>]</span>rejoicing proper to the occasion, he again +formed a war-party, and again took the trail after the Apaches, only +this time he went to the other end of the Superstition Mts. And there +they saw the lights at night on a peak, where the Apaches lived, and +went up there and killed them, except the children, whom they took for +captives.</p> +<p>And then they went down into an open place in the desert, and there +placing Pahtahnkum and Toehahvs in the center, they again formed the +circles, with the older ones nearest the middle, and again brought all +their trophies to Pahtahnkum and Toehahvs, who threw them up with +rejoicing, as before.</p> +<p>And again the Apaches formed a war-party, and pursued them; and +again they, when they came to the low mountains south west of where +Tawtsitka now is, were frightened, as they looked over the desert, and +said: “This country is unknown to us, and we do not want to die +of thirst,” and again they abandoned the pursuit, and returned +home. And because the place where they made fires was found, these +mountains are called <i>Aw-up Chert-taw</i> to this day.</p> +<p>And again everything was given to Koelhahah, as before.</p> +<p>And once more, after the purification, Pahtahnkum formed a +war-party; and this time they went to the east, and there again found +Apaches at the place called <i>Oy-yee-duck</i>, or The Field, because +there the Apaches had cultivated fields, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb187" href="#pb187" name="pb187">187</a>]</span>and here they fought +the Apaches, and defeated them; but they had hard work to kill one +Apache, who was very brave, and who kept his wife before him and his +child behind him, and as the Papagoes did not want to kill these they +could not get at the man. But finally Pahtahnkum killed a man near him, +and some one else killed the woman, and then Pahtahnkum killed this man +and took the little boy captive.</p> +<p>And again they went out to an open place, and formed the circles, +and rejoiced as before.</p> +<p>And a party of Apaches pursued them again and again were +discouraged, and turned back at the red bluff to the eastward, where +they dug a well, which place is still called <i>Taw-toe-sum +Vah-vee-uh</i>, or the Apache’s Well.</p> +<p>And again, in due time, a war-party was formed, and this time it +went far east, and there was found a single hunter of the Apaches, and +this man they killed and cut up and mutilated as had been done with +Pahtahnkum’s father, putting his flesh out as if to jerk it. And +they went south-east from there and again found a single hunter; and +him they scalped and placed his scalp like a hat on a giant-cactus, for +which reason the place is still called <i>Waw-num</i>, which means a +hat.</p> +<p>And Pahtahnkum walked behind, for he was very sad, thinking of his +father.</p> +<p>And then Pahtahnkum returned home, having revenged his father, and +this was the last of his wars. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb188" +href="#pb188" name="pb188">188</a>]</span></p> +<p>And once more the Apaches followed him, but stopped at a place near +the Superstition Mts. where, as there had been rain and the ground was +wet, they stopped to clean a field, <i>See-qua-usk</i>, or the +Clearing, but they gave it up and returned, not even planting the +crop.</p> +<p>And his mother made a large <i>olla</i>, and a small flat piece of +pottery, like the plates <i>tortillas</i> are baked on. And she put all +the Apache hair in the olla, and placed the flat plate on top to cover +it with <span class="corr" id="xd20e3365" title= +"Source: grease-wood-gum">greasewood gum</span> to seal it up tight. +And then she went and found a cave, and by her power called a wind and +a cloud that circled it round.</p> +<p>And then she returned to her people, and, placing the olla on her +head, led them to the cave, and said. “I will leave this olla +here, and then when I have need of wind, or of rain, I can form them by +throwing these up, and so I shall be independent.”</p> +<p>And after this Pahtahnkum was taken ill, and the people said it was +because he had not properly purified himself.</p> +<p>And he went to the tall mountain east of Tucson, and from there to +other mountains, seeking the cool air, but he got no better, and at +last he came to the Maricopa Mts., and died there, and his grave is +there yet.</p> +<p>And his mother died at her home. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb189" href="#pb189" name="pb189">189</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e3378" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e3379" class="main">The Song of Koelhahah about her +Son</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">My poor child, there will be great things happen +you!</p> +<p class="line">And there will be great news all over the world because +of my boy.</p> +<p class="line">The news will go in all directions.</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb190" href="#pb190" name= +"pb190">190</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e3389" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e3390" class="main">Notes on the Story of Pahtahnkum</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In this, in the smoking at the war-council, appears a +curious superstition concerning the effect of a man’s smoking +upon his unborn child.</p> +<p>Another superstition appears in the idea that the killing of an +Apache and throwing up of his <span class="corr" id="xd20e3396" title= +"Source: accontrements">accoutrements</span> or scalp would cause +rain.</p> +<p>I have a boy’s bow and arrows just like those described in +this story, bought of a Pima child.</p> +<p>War arrows were a yard long, with three feathers instead of two, and +tipped with flint or, later, with iron. But even a wooden arrow would +kill a deer.</p> +<p>Bows were made from Osage orange, cat-claw, or <i>o-a-pot</i>; or, +better still, from a tree called <i>gaw-hee</i>. Arrows from +arrow-weeds. The Apache arrows were made of cane.</p> +<p>The Pimas were formerly famous for archery, and the shooting of bird +on the wing, and of jack rabbits at full run while the archer was +pursuing on horseback, were favorite feats.</p> +<p>The Apache well: I am told the old Arizona Indian wells were not +walled up, and the sides were at such a slant that the women could walk +down to the water and back with their ollas on their heads.</p> +<p>Wells are now obtained without great difficulty, but the water is +salty and often alkaline and none too cool.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e3294" href="#xd20e3294src" name="xd20e3294">1</a></span> The +reason why the older people went inside the circle was to protect the +younger ones from the <i>impurity</i> of anything Apache, and they went +inside as more hardened to this.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="div0" id="night4"> +<h2 id="xd20e3418" class="main">Stories of the Fourth Night</h2> +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb193" href="#pb193" name= +"pb193">193</a>]</span> +<div id="gambler" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e3422" class="main">The Story of the Gambler’s +War</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span>nd after this, +for a long time, there was peace toward the Apaches, but it happened, +once, that two brothers of the country went to gamble with the Awup, +playing the game called <i>waw-pah-tee</i> in which the gamblers guess +in which piece of cane a little ball is hidden.</p> +<p>And one of the brothers, after losing all his goods, bet his brother +and lost him, and then bet the different parts of his own body, leaving +his heart to the last, and finally wagered his heart against all his +previous bets, saying it was worth more than they, and hoping so to +recover all, but he lost that also.</p> +<p>And when the game was ended the Apaches killed his brother, but +allowed him to walk away, and he returned to his own land.</p> +<p>But all the way he would see his brother’s tracks, and +whenever he stopped to camp he would see his brother’s body, +where it lay, and how he looked, lying there dead; and when he got home +he felt so sad he cried aloud, but no one paid any attention to +him.</p> +<p>And when he got home his folks gave him food to eat, and water to +drink, but he would neither eat nor drink, feeling so sad about his +brother, and he took nothing for four days.</p> +<p>But on the fifth day he went out and sought <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb194" href="#pb194" name="pb194">194</a>]</span>the +cool shade of trees to forget his brother, and went upon the hills and +stood there, but he could not forget; and then, in coming down, he fell +down and went to sleep.</p> +<p>And in his sleep his brother came to him, and he seemed to know him, +but when he tried to put his arms around his brother he woke up and +found he was not there.</p> +<p>And he went home and ate, and then made this speech:—</p> +<p>“My pitiful relatives, I will pity you and you will pity +me.</p> +<p>This spread-out-thing, the world, is covered with feathers, because +of my sadness, and the mountains are covered with soft feathers.</p> +<p>Over these the sun comes, but gives me no light, I am so sad.</p> +<p>And the night comes, and has no darkness to rest me, because my eyes +are open all night.</p> +<p>(This has happened to me, O all my relatives.)</p> +<p>And it was my own bones that I raked up, and with them made a fire +that showed me the <span class="corr" id="xd20e3458" title= +"Source: opposide">opposite</span> land, the Land of the Enemy.</p> +<p>(This was done, my relatives.)</p> +<p>The sticks I cut for the number of days were my own sinews, cut and +bound together.</p> +<p>It was my own rib that I used as an <i>eev-a-dah-kote</i>, or fire +rubbing stick.</p> +<p>It was my own bowels that I used for a belt.</p> +<p>And it was my scalp, and my own hair, that I used for sandals. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb195" href="#pb195" name= +"pb195">195</a>]</span></p> +<p>It was my own skull that I filled with my own blood, and drank from, +and talked like a drunkard.</p> +<p>And I wandered where the ashes are dumped, and I wandered over the +hills, and I found it could be done, and went to the shadows of the +trees and found the same thing.</p> +<p>On the level ground I fell, and the Sun, the Traveller, was +overhead, and from above my brother came down, and I tried to hug him, +but only hugged myself.</p> +<p>And I thought I was holding all sadness, but there was a yet +stronger sadness, for my brother came down and stood on my breast, and +the tears fell down and watered the ground.</p> +<p>And I tried to hug him, but only hugged myself.</p> +<p>And this was my desire, that I should go to the powerful woman, and +I reached her quietly where she lived.</p> +<p>And I spoke to her this way:</p> +<p>‘You were living over there.</p> +<p>You are the person who makes a hoop for her gyihhaw from the +Apaches’ bow, and with their arrows makes the back-stop, the +<i>oam-muck</i>, and with their blood you color the gyihhaw prettily; +and you split the arrow-heads and make from them the <i>ov-a-nuck</i>, +and tie it in with the Apaches’ hair, weaving the hair to the +left and then binding it on.’</p> +<p>And this way I spoke to her<span class="corr" id="xd20e3502" title= +"Source: ,">.</span></p> +<p>And then she gave me good news of the weakness of the Apaches and I +ran out full of joy. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" +name="pb196">196</a>]</span></p> +<p>And from there I rose up and reached the Feather-Nested Doctor, +Quotaveech, and I spoke to him this way:</p> +<p>‘And you belong here.</p> +<p>And you make the ribs of your kee from the Apache bows, and you tie +the arrows across with the bow strings, and with the sinews of their +bows you tie them.</p> +<p>And with the robes of the Apaches, and with their head-wear, and +with their moccasins, you cover the kee instead of with arrow +weeds.</p> +<p>And inside, at the four corners, there are hung locks of +Apaches’ hair, and at the corners are the stumps of the cane-tube +pipes, smoking themselves, and forming the smoke into all colors of +flowers—white and glittering and gray and yellow.’</p> +<p>And this way I spoke to him, and he gave me the good news of the +weakness of the Apaches.</p> +<p>And I came down and went Southward to the other doctor, called +<i>Vahk-lohn Mahkai</i> and there I reached him.</p> +<p>And this way I spoke to him<span class="corr" id="xd20e3528" title= +"Source: ;">:</span></p> +<p>‘And here is where you belong.</p> +<p>The Apache bow you make into the likeness of the pretty rainbow, and +the arrows you make into the likeness of the white-headed grass.</p> +<p>And the fore shaft of the arrows you turn into water moss, and the +arrows into resemblance of flat clay.</p> +<p>And the hair of the Apaches you make into likeness of clouds.’ +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" name= +"pb197">197</a>]</span></p> +<p>And this way I spoke to him, and he told me the news of the weakness +of the Apaches.</p> +<p>And I ran out of the house, and went westward, and found the old +woman doctor, <span class="corr" id="xd20e3545" title= +"Source: Tawquahdhamawks">Tawquahdahmawks</span>.</p> +<p>And I said to her:</p> +<p>‘You belong here.</p> +<p>And you make the bow of the Apaches into the hoop of the game the +<i>Aw-aw-bopp</i>, the Maricopas, play, the rolling hoop that they +throw sticks after.</p> +<p>And their arrows you flatten up with your teeth, and wear around +your brows like a crown.</p> +<p>And the fore shafts of the arrows you have split, and painted red +with the Apache blood, and made into gainskoot, the dice sticks.</p> +<p>And the Apache hair you make into a skirt<span class="corr" id= +"xd20e3563" title="Source: ’.">.’</span></p> +<p>And this way I spoke to her, and she told me the thought of the two +different peoples, the Awawtam and the Awup, that they were enemies, +and she told me this, and I went out from there and strengthened myself +four times.</p> +<p>And I spread the news when I got home, and set the <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e3570" title="Source: docter">doctor</span> over it.</p> +<p>And there was the stump of the doctor’s pipe standing there, +and smoking itself, and I imbibed it, and smoked it toward the enemy, +and the smoke changed into different colors of flowers, white, +glittering, grey and yellow, and reached the edge of the earth, the +land of the Apache, and circled around there. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb198" href="#pb198" name="pb198">198</a>]</span></p> +<p>And it softened the earth, and brought fresh grass, and fresh leaves +on the trees, so that the Apaches would be gathered together.</p> +<p>And my western famous enemy went and told his son to go to his +uncle, to see if it was so that there was plenty of grass and plenty of +things to eat there.</p> +<p>And his son went and said: ‘My father sent me to find out +about these things<span class="corr" id="xd20e3583" title= +"Source: ’,">,’</span> and his uncle said: ‘It is so +what he has heard, that we have plenty of things to eat, and all kinds +of game, and that is what I eat.</p> +<p>You go back and tell the old man to come, so that I will be with him +here.’</p> +<p>So the boy went and told the old man this, and he got up and put on +his nose-ring of turquoise, and took his cake of paint, and his locks +of hair, and his pouch.</p> +<p>After he got everything together he started out and camped for one +night, and arriving at his destination the next morning, after the sun +rose, came to his brother and called him, ‘Brother!’ with a +loud voice.</p> +<p>And the next morning the brother got up and went hunting, and found +a dead deer, and brought it home, and called it fresh meat, and they +ate it together.</p> +<p>But instead of eating deer they ate themselves up.</p> +<p>And their skins became like sick person’s skin, and their hair +became coarse, and their eyes were sore, and they became lousy, and +were so weak <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb199" href="#pb199" name= +"pb199">199</a>]</span>that they left their hands beneath their heads +when they scratched themselves lying down.</p> +<p>And the brother’s wife went and gathered seed to eat, and +found it easy to gather, without husks, and thought to enjoy eating it, +but when she ate it she ate her own lice, and her skin became as a sick +person’s skin, her hair became coarse, her person lousy, her eyes +sore.</p> +<p>And my enemy in the far east heard about food being so plenty to eat +there, and sent his son to ask his uncle if these reports were so.</p> +<p>And his father got up and took his war-bonnet of eagle-feathers, and +his moccasins, and, using his power, brought even his wind and his +clouds and his rainbow with him, and all his crops, for tho he had +plenty at home he <span class="corr" id="xd20e3606" title= +"Source: thot">thought</span> to find more at his brother’s +place.</p> +<p>And, camping one night on the road, he came to his brother, after +sunrise, and called him ‘Brother’ with a loud voice.</p> +<p>And everything happened to this enemy from the east, and his +brother, and brother’s wife, that had happened to the enemy from +the west and his brother and brother’s wife.</p> +<p>And I found the Apache enemy early in the morning, lying +asleep<span class="corr" id="xd20e3616" title="Source: .">,</span> +still needing his blanket, and covering himself up, and captured him +without trouble.</p> +<p>And there I captured all his property, and took from him captives +and many scalps, and my way coming back seemed to be down hill, and I +strengthened myself and came to the level ground. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb200" href="#pb200" name="pb200">200</a>]</span></p> +<p>And when I came to the hollow where I drank, the water rippled from +my moving it.</p> +<p>And I appointed messengers to go ahead and tell those at home, the +old men and women waiting to hear of us, the good news of our +victory.</p> +<p>And after sending on the messengers I went on, rejoicing, carrying +the consciousness of my victory over the Apaches with me; and arriving +home at evening I found the land filled with the news, even the tops of +the hills covered.</p> +<p>And I told my people to send word to our western relatives, and to +our southern relatives, and our eastern relatives, that the good news +might be known to all.”</p> +<p>After this he called the people together for war, and the first +evening they camped a man prophesied, and said:</p> +<p>“Now we have heard our war-speech, and are on our way, and I +foresee the way beautiful with flowers, even the big trees covered with +flowers, <span class="corr" id="xd20e3634" title= +"Source: aud">and</span> I can see that we come to the enemy and +conquer <span class="corr" id="xd20e3637" title= +"Source: then">them</span> easily.</p> +<p>And the road to the east is lined with white flowers, and the +Apaches, seeing it, rejoice also, with smiles, thinking it for their +good, but really it is for their destruction, for it is made so by the +power of our doctors.</p> +<p>And in the middle of the earth, between us and the enemy, stood the +Cane-Tube Pipe and smoked itself.</p> +<p>I inhaled the smoke and blew it out toward the East, and saw the +smoke rising till it reached the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb201" +href="#pb201" name="pb201">201</a>]</span>Vahahkkee of Light, and up +still till it reached the Cane of Light.</p> +<p>And I took that cane and punched it at the corner of the Vahahkkee, +and out came the White Water and the White Wasps, and the wasps flew +around it four times and then they went down again.</p> +<p>And then in the South I saw the Blue Vahahkkee, and the Blue Cane, +and I took the cane and punched it into the corner of the vahahkkee, +and there came out Blue Water and Blue Wasps, and the wasps flew around +four times, and then sank down again.</p> +<p>And in the West there stood the Black Vahahkkee, and the Black Cane, +and I took the cane and punched at the corner, and there came out Black +Water and Black Wasps, and the wasps flew around four times, and then +went in again.</p> +<p>And in the North stood the Yellow Vahahkkee, and the Yellow Cane, +and I took the cane and punched it at the corner, and there came out +Yellow Water and Yellow Wasps, and the wasps flew around four times, +and then went in again.</p> +<p>And on top of this vahahkkee was a Yellow Spider, and I asked him to +help me, and he stretched his web four times, and there found my +enemy.</p> +<p>And there he bound his heart with his web, and bound his arms, and +bound his bow and his arrows, and left him there in the state of a +woman, with nothing to defend himself with. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href="#pb202" name="pb202">202</a>]</span></p> +<p>And he pushed me toward where he had left him, and I captured him +very easily, and all his property, and all his children.</p> +<p>You, my relatives, may not like the noise of our rejoicing, but it +is only for a short time that we rejoice over the enemy.”</p> +<p>And they camped out another night, and another one spoke, and he +said:</p> +<p>“I was lying in ashes, and praying the distant mountains for +strength, and the far doctors for power.</p> +<p>And there was a Sun that rose from the east and followed the western +road.</p> +<p>And all the four-footed animals met together and called themselves +relatives, and all the birds met together and called themselves +relatives, and in this order followed the Sun.</p> +<p>And the Sun rose again, and brought me the <i>See-hee-vit-tah</i> +Feather, the Sunbeam, to wear on my head, and hugged me up to him.</p> +<p>And the Sun rose again, and brought the Blue Fog, and in the fog +took me toward the enemy.</p> +<p>But instead of taking me to the enemy it took me up into the sky, to +the Yellow Crow.</p> +<p>And the Yellow Crow, as a powerful mahkai, went down to the enemy +and divided their land four times, and slew the human beings, and +painted the rocks over beautifully with their blood.</p> +<p>And from there I went to the Yellow Spider, living on the back of +the mound at the North, and asked him to help me. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb203" href="#pb203" name="pb203">203</a>]</span></p> +<p>And he stretched his web four times, and found my enemy, and bound +him, and pushed me toward him, and I took him, and all his, captive, +and came home rejoicing.</p> +<p>So, my relatives, think of this, that there will be victory. You may +not like the noise of our rejoicing, but it is only for a short time +that we rejoice over the enemy.”</p> +<p>And they went toward the mountains where the Apaches live, and +camped there, and there were empty Apache houses there, and one of them +spoke using himself figuratively as a type of his people:</p> +<p>“Perhaps these Apaches have gone from here to my house, and +have killed me and have dragged me thru the waters we passed coming +here, and have beaten me with all the sticks we saw on the road, and +have thrown ashes over me, and maybe these are my bones that lie here, +and this dry blood is my blood.</p> +<p>This has been done, my relatives, and there in the East is a +Vahahkkee of Light, and within it there is a Butcher-bird of Light.</p> +<p>And I asked the Butcher-bird for power, and he followed his Road of +Light, and touched the ground four times with his tail, and came to +me.</p> +<p>And he went on the road that is lighted by a mahkai, and following +that reached my enemy.</p> +<p>And my enemy thought himself a good dreamer, and that his dreams +were fulfilled for good, and that he had a good bow with a good string, +and good cane arrows, but the Butcher-bird had already <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb204" href="#pb204" name= +"pb204">204</a>]</span>punched his eyes out without his knowing it.</p> +<p>And all the animals and birds of the Apaches think they have good +eyes to see with, but the Butcher-bird has punched their eyes out +without their knowing it.</p> +<p>And the winds of the Apaches think they have sharp eyes, and the +clouds of the Apaches think themselves sharp-eyed, but the Butcher-bird +has punched their eyes out without their knowing it.</p> +<p>So he treated the enemy like that, and left him there as a woman, +and then pushed me toward him, and I went and captured him easily.</p> +<p>And I gathered all the property, and all the captives, and, turning +back, looked ahead of me and found the country all springy with water, +and wasps flying, and I followed them.</p> +<p>And ahead of me was a road with many flowers, and a butterfly that +beautifully spread itself open and led the way, and I followed.</p> +<p>And I brought the dead enemy home, and from there the news spread +all over my country<span class="corr" id="xd20e3720" title= +"Source: ,">.</span></p> +<p>So, my relatives, think of this, that there will be victory.</p> +<p>And you may not like the sound of our rejoicing, but it is only for +a short time that we rejoice over our enemy.” <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb205" href="#pb205" name="pb205">205</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e3729" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e3730" class="main">Notes on the Story of the +Gambler’s War</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In this we are given wonderful glimpses into the +strange, fierce, sad, extravagant poetry of the Indian speeches, which +seem oftenest inspired by the passion of revenge. Notice that in these +stories, if several speeches are given in any one story, they generally +have a quite similar ending, a sort of refrain: “So, my +relatives,” etc.</p> +<p>This story ends abruptly, and is, I think, manifestly only a +fragment. Following the speeches, which were mere boastful prophecies, +should have been an account in detail of the actual campaign, as in the +story of Pahtahnkum’s war. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb206" +href="#pb206" name="pb206">206</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="nahvahchoo" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e3738" class="main">The Story of Nahvahchoo</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e2182"><span class="xd20e2182init">E</span>e-ee-toy was +once wandering along when he found some moss that had been left there +ever since the flood, and he stood and looked at it, wondering how he +could make it into a human being.</p> +<p>And while he watched it the sun breathed on it, and it became not a +man, but a turtle.</p> +<p>And he wandered on again and found some driftwood, and while he +stood wondering how to make it into a human being, the sun breathed on +it, and it became a man, but he could not see its face, which was +covered as with a mask.</p> +<p>And the turtle and the masked man, thus created, went westward, and +came to a Blue Vahahkkee, and they went in and staid all night.</p> +<p>In the morning, when the sun rose, they were frightened at the blue +beams that shone thru the vahahkkee, and they left.</p> +<p>And after going a little way they came to a Black Road, and Black +Birds flew over them to keep them from being seen.</p> +<p>And they came to a Black Night. In that night was a Black Bow, which +stretched as if it were going to shoot them, so that they were afraid +to lie down all night.</p> +<p>And the next day they came to a Blue Road, and a flock of Blue Birds +flew over them, and all around, striking them. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb207" href="#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span></p> +<p>After a while they came to a Blue Night, and in the night was a Blue +Bow, which stretched itself threateningly at them, as the Black Bow had +done the night before.</p> +<p>And they could not sleep for fear that night, either; and the next +day they came to a White Road, and a flock of White Birds followed +them, striking them.</p> +<p>And they came to a White Night, and in that night was a White Bow, +which threatened them as the others had done, so that again they could +not sleep.</p> +<p>And the next day they had a similar experience, only it was a Yellow +Road, with Yellow Birds, and a Yellow Night with a Yellow Bow.</p> +<p>The next day there was no danger any more, and they went on and came +to a mountain, <i>Co-so-vah-taw-up-kih</i>, or Twisted Neck Mountain, +and there the Nahvahchoo (masked man), having run ahead, left the +turtle behind, and when evening came sat down and waited for the turtle +to come up. But the turtle was too far behind, and when night came +stopped where he was, and made a fire, and made corn and pumpkins, and +roasted the corn and set the pumpkins around the fire, as the Indians +do, to scorch them before putting them in the ashes.</p> +<p>And Nahvahchoo heard the popping sound of the cooking, and came +running back, and tried to steal a piece of the fire to have one of his +own, but the turtle would not let him. And so the <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb208" href="#pb208" name= +"pb208">208</a>]</span>Nahvahchoo went off and made a fire of his own, +and corn and pumpkins of his own, and cooked them as the turtle had +done.</p> +<p>In the morning, after they had feasted on the pumpkin and corn, the +turtle, <i>Wee-hee-kee-nee</i>, sank down and went under the earth to +the ocean, and made that his home, and Nahvahchoo sank down and went in +the same direction, but not so far, coming up on the sea shore.</p> +<p>And Nahvahchoo went along the sea-shore, toward the east, till he +came to a great deal of driftwood, and many flowers, and handled all +these, and got their strength, and made his home in the east.</p> +<p>One day Nahvahchoo heard the earth shaking, and ran out of his house +to try and find where the shaking came from, and he went south and did +not feel it, and went west and felt it a little, and went north and +felt it more. And so he ran back and put on his mask, and took his bow, +and went north. And the first time he stopped and listened he heard it +somewhat, and the next time he heard it more, and the third time still +more, and the fourth time he came to where many people were singing the +song <i>Wah-hee-hee-vee</i>, and dancing the dance <i>Vee-pee-nim</i>, +in which the dancers wear gourd masks, on their faces, pierced full of +little holes to let the light thru.</p> +<p>And they were dancing, too, the dance <i>Kawk-spahk-kum</i>, in +which the dancers wear a cloth mask, like Nahvahchoo, with a little +gourd, full of holes, over the mouth-hole, to sing thru. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb209" href="#pb209" name="pb209">209</a>]</span></p> +<p>And they were dancing also the dance <i>Tawt-a-kum</i>, in which the +dancer wears a bonnet of cloth, and a mask like Nahvahchoo does.</p> +<p>And the people sitting around in these dances had little rods which +they rubbed upon notched sticks, in time to the singing and the +dancing.</p> +<p>At first Nahvahchoo was greatly excited by all this dancing, for all +these people seemed to do nothing else but sing and dance, and make the +rods and notched sticks and stand them up in bunches; but after a few +days he began to think of game, for he was a great hunter, and he went +out and found the tracks of a deer.</p> +<p>And measuring these with his arrow he laughed, covering his mouth +with his hand, and said: “This deer will not run very fast, I +could catch him myself.” For a deer that measures a good way +between his tracks is long-bodied, and cannot run fast, while a deer +that measures short between tracks has a short body, and jumps +quicker.</p> +<p>And he followed the deer, which heard him coming, and began to run, +and when Nahvahchoo saw by its tracks that it was running, he ran, too, +and getting on a hill saw the dust of its running away off; and he ran +after it, and when he came to the next hill it was close, and he ran +down, and killed it, and took it back to the singers, and they fell +ravenously upon it and ate it all up, not leaving him even the +bones.</p> +<p>Nahvahchoo sat off a little way and watched them, and one of their +speakers addressed him, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210" href= +"#pb210" name="pb210">210</a>]</span>and said: “We know you, who +you are. You are a great doctor, and a great hunter, and a great +farmer, and a powerful man every way. And maybe you expected us to join +in your hunt and help you carry the game. But we want you to join us, +and become a singer, and you will have plenty of corn and beans to eat, +and you will find that such food will last, while, as you see, the +game, when you bring it in, lasts but a little while.”</p> +<p>So Nahvahchoo staid with them and became a singer, and after a while +the people told him to go to a certain vahahkkee, and said: “You +will find something there with which you will be pleased. And then go +to the opposite one, and you will find that with which you will be +still more pleased.</p> +<p>And one of these vahahkkees was called <i>See-pook</i> (Red-bird) +Vahahkkee and the other was named <i>Wah-choo-kook-kee</i> (Oriole) +Vahahkkee.—But tho they told him to go to these they did not +allow him to do so, but one day he slipped away, when they were not +looking, and opened one, and saw in it many wonderful things, clouds +forming and sprinkling all the time; and in the other it was the +same.</p> +<p>And one was covered with red flowers, and the other with yellow +flowers, and where they came together the mingling of red and yellow +was very pretty.</p> +<p>At the door of each vahahkkee was a corn-mill. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name="pb211">211</a>]</span>And +he stole one of these and went west. But after a while he stopped and +said: “I wonder what is going to happen, for the east is all +green and the west is of the same color.”</p> +<p>But he ran on, and the clouds came over him, and it began to +sprinkle, and then to rain, and then the water began to run, and get +deeper and deeper, and he said<span class="corr" id="xd20e3832" title= +"Source: ;">:</span> “This is happening to me because I stole +this mill, but I am not going to let it go, I am going to keep +it.”</p> +<p>And he ran on and came to where he had separated from Weeheekeenee, +and went on and over Cosovahtawupkih, the Twisted Neck Mountain.</p> +<p>And on that mountain he felt rather faint, and put his hand in his +pouch and found a root and chewed it, the root +<i>Cheek-kuh-pool-tak</i>, and breathed it out, and it stopped +raining.</p> +<p>And he went on to the Quojata Mountain, and sat there and took a +smoke; and then on to Ahn-naykum; and then to Odchee, where he left the +mill; and then to <i>Kee-ahk Toe-ahk</i>, where he also rested and took +a smoke; and then he went home.</p> +<p>And when Nahvahchoo arrived home he made a speech:</p> +<p>“Where shall we hear the talk that will make us drunk and +dizzy with the flowers of eloquence?</p> +<p>There was near the water the driftwood lying, and from above the sun +breathed down and a being was made.</p> +<p>And it was the beautiful daybreak that I took and wiped its face +with, and the remains of darkness that I painted its face with. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name= +"pb212">212</a>]</span></p> +<p>And there were all kinds of bird’s feathers that I made a +feather bonnet from.</p> +<p>And there were joining wasps that came and flapped on the +bonnet.</p> +<p>And there were many butterflies that flapped their wings upon the +bonnet, upon its feathers.</p> +<p>And it was from the rainbow that I made its bow, and from the Milky +Way that I made its arrow.</p> +<p>From a red skin it was that I made its <i>saw-suh-buh</i>, to cover +its arm for the bow-string not to injure it.</p> +<p>And it was a red <i>kuess-kote</i> that I made and put in its hair +to scratch with.</p> +<p>And it was the gray fog that I fastened in its shoulders for its +mantle.</p> +<p>And the strong wind it was that I used for its girdle, around its +waist.</p> +<p>In the middle of the earth lay a square water moss, and the sun +breathed on it and it turned into a creature, a turtle.</p> +<p>And from there the Driftwood-Being went west with it.</p> +<p>From there they went westward and watched the sun rise in the Blue +Vahahkkee, and were frightened, and returned.</p> +<p>From there they came to a Black Road, and Black Birds followed them, +and to a Black Night wherein a Black Bow frightened them.</p> +<p>And from there they came to a Blue Road, with Blue Birds following, +and to a Blue Night with a Blue Bow to frighten them. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href="#pb213" name="pb213">213</a>]</span></p> +<p>And from there they came to a White Road with White Birds following, +and a White Night with a White Bow to threaten them.</p> +<p>And the next day it was a Yellow Road and Yellow Birds, and after +that a Yellow Night and a Yellow Bow.</p> +<p>And there was a square water full of ice, and he went around it four +times.</p> +<p>And there he found Seepook Vahahkkee, with its red flowers, and +Wahchookookkee Vahahkkee with its yellow flowers, and there he got the +everlasting corn-mill, and went westward and strengthened himself four +times.</p> +<p>And as he went westward there came a wind which felt good and +refreshed him, and pleasant clouds that sprinkled him with water, and +then there was rain, and the rattling of running water, and he went on +his road rejoicing.</p> +<p>And he reached the Twisted Neck Mountain, and there he felt faint a +little, and took from his pouch the root Cheekkuhpooltak, and chewed +it, and breathed it out, and was refreshed and went on.</p> +<p>And he refreshed himself four times and went on, and found Tonedum +Vahahkkee, the Vahahkkee of Light, and there he gave his power to the +people who were gathered together, and said: ‘My relatives, I +want you to think of this, that our country will be more beautiful and +produce more, because you know our country will not hereafter be what +it has been’.”</p> +<p>And he made another speech: <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb214" +href="#pb214" name="pb214">214</a>]</span></p> +<p>“It was after the creation of the earth, and there was a mud +vahahkkee, and inside of it lay a piece of wood burning at one end, and +by it stood a cane-tube pipe, smoking, and we inhaled the smoke, and +then we saw things clearer and talked about them.</p> +<p>In the West there was a Black Mocking Bird, and from him I asked +power, and he brought the news and spread it over all the earth, and to +every hill and every mountain and every tree, that the earth would +stand still, but it did not, it still moved.</p> +<p>(And you, Black Mocking Bird, take back your Black Winds, and your +Black Clouds, and stay where you are, and your relatives may sometimes +come to you for power.)</p> +<p>And in the South there was a Blue Mocking Bird, and I asked it for +power, and it stretched the news over all the earth, and over every +hill and every mountain, and to every tree, that the earth stood still, +but it did not, it still moved.</p> +<p>In the East was a Mocking Bird of Light, and I asked it for power, +and it stretched the news over all the earth, and to every hill, +mountain and tree, that the earth stood still, but it still moved.</p> +<p>And Above there was darkness, where lived the Feather Nested Doctor, +who is famous for his power, and I asked him for power, and he spread +the news, as the others had done, but the earth still moved. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb215" href="#pb215" name= +"pb215">215</a>]</span></p> +<p>And in the North lived a Yellow Spider, and I asked him for power, +and he stretched his news, and made his web, and tied the earth up with +it, and made a fringe like a blanket fringe at each corner, and laid +his arrows over it.</p> +<p>The fringe at the West corner he made black, and covered it with the +Black Vahahkkee to hold it down; and he put the blue fringe at the +South corner, and over it the Blue Vahahkkee to hold it down, and he +put the black arrows over the Black <span class="corr" id="xd20e3926" +title="Source: Vahahkee">Vahahkkee</span><span class="corr" id= +"xd20e3928" title="Source: .">,</span> and the blue arrows over the +Blue <span class="corr" id="xd20e3931" title= +"Source: Vahahkee">Vahahkkee</span>.</p> +<p>And in the East he put the <span class="corr" id="xd20e3937" title= +"Source: Vahahkee">Vahahkkee</span> of Light over the fringe and the +arrows of light over it.</p> +<p>And after all this was done the earth stood still.</p> +<p>And after this is done you are carried away like a child, and are +set down facing the East, and your heart comes out towards it, and can +be seen going up and down till it reaches it.</p> +<p>And over the land your seed shall spring up and grow, and have good +stalks and many flowers, and have good wide leaves and heads of good +seeds.</p> +<p>And after the seed is ripe they will take it and put it away and +grind it with sunbeams, and the boys and girls shall eat and be happy, +and all the old men and women shall eat it and lengthen their +lives.” <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb216" href="#pb216" name= +"pb216">216</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e3949" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e3950" class="main">Notes on the Story of Nahvahchoo</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">The story of Nahvahchoo was celebrated till lately +among the Pimas by dancing games, resembling those described in this +story, the players wearing masks and gourds, and rattling notched +sticks, one of them impersonating Nahvahchoo himself.</p> +<p>In the reference to the earth’s moving, in one of the +speeches, one might suspect a glimpse of true astronomical knowledge, +but this is likely only a poetic figure.</p> +<p>The “everlasting corn will” reminds a little of the old +folk-lore tale of the everlasting salt mill whose continuous grinding +makes the ocean salt. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb217" href= +"#pb217" name="pb217">217</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="corn" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e3960" class="main">The Story of Corn and Tobacco<a class= +"noteref" id="xd20e3962src" href="#xd20e3962" name= +"xd20e3962src">1</a></h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e472"><span class="xd20e472init">T</span>here was a +powerful mahkai who had a daughter, who, tho old enuf, was unmarried, +and who grew tired of her single life and asked her father to bury her, +saying, we will see then if the men will care for me.</p> +<p>And from her grave grew the plant tobacco, and her father took it +and smoked it and when the people who were gathered together smelled it +they wondered what it was, and sent Toehahvs to find out.</p> +<p>But, altho the tobacco still grew, the woman came to life again and +came out of her grave back to her home.</p> +<p>And one day she played gainskoot with Corn, and Corn beat her, and +won all she had. But she gave some little things she did not care for +to Corn, and the rest of her debt she did not pay, and they +quarreled.</p> +<p>She told Corn to go away, saying; “Nobody cares for you, now, +but they care a great deal for me, and the doctors use me to make rain, +and when they have moistened the ground is the only time you can come +out.”</p> +<p>And the Corn said: “You don’t know how much the people +like me; the old as well as the young eat me, and I don’t think +there is a person that <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href= +"#pb218" name="pb218">218</a>]</span>does not like me.” And Corn +told Tobacco to go away herself.</p> +<p>There were people there who heard them quarreling, and tho Tobacco +staid on, whenever she would be in a house and hear people laughing she +would think they were laughing at her. And she became very sad, and one +day sank down in her house and went westward and came to a house +there.</p> +<p>And the person who lived there told her where to sleep, saying, +“Many people stop here, and that is where they sleep.”</p> +<p>But she said: “I am travelling, and no one knows where I am, +and if any one follows me, and comes here, you tell them that you saw +me, that I left very early in the morning and you do not know which way +I went.” And she told him that she did not know herself which way +she would go, and at night, when she went to bed, she brought a strong +wind, and when she wanted to leave she sank down and went westward, and +the wind blew away all her tracks.</p> +<p>And she came to the Mohaves and lived there in a high mountain, +<i>Cheof Toe-ahk</i>, or tall mountain, which has a cliff very hard to +climb, but Tobacco stood up there.</p> +<p>And after Tobacco had gone, Corn remained, but when corn-planting +time came none was planted, because there was no rain. And so it went +on—all summer, and people began to say: “It is so, when +Tobacco was here, we had plenty of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb219" +href="#pb219" name="pb219">219</a>]</span>rain, and now we have not +any, and she must have had wonderful power.”</p> +<p>And the people scolded Corn for sending Tobacco away, and told him +to go away himself, and then they sent for Tobacco to come back, that +they might have rain again.</p> +<p>And Corn left, going toward the east, singing all the way, taking +Pumpkin with him, who was singing too, saying they were going where +there was plenty of moisture.</p> +<p>And the next year there was no water, and a powerful doctor, +<i>Gee-hee-sop</i>, took the Doctor’s Stone of Light, and the +Doctor’s Square Stone, and some soft feathers, and +eagle’s-tail feathers, and went to where Tobacco lived, asking +her to come back, saying “We are all suffering for water, and we +know you have power to make it rain, And every seed buried in the +ground is begging for water, and likely to be burned up, and every tree +is suffering, and I want you to come.”</p> +<p>Then Tobacco said: “What has become of Corn? He is still with +you, and corn is what you ought to eat, and everybody likes it, but +nobody cares for me, except perhaps some old man who likes to smoke me, +and I do not want to go back, and I am not going!”</p> +<p>But Geeheesop said: “Corn is not there now, he has gone away, +and we do not know where he is.” And again he asked Tobacco to +come back but she refused, but gave him four balls of tobacco seed and +said to him: “Take these <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb220" +href="#pb220" name="pb220">220</a>]</span>home with you, and take the +dirt of the tobacco-worm, and roll it up, and put it in a cane-tube and +smoke it all around, and you will have rain, and then plant the seed, +and in four days it will come up; and when you get the leaves, smoke +them, and call on the winds, and you will have clouds and plenty of +rain.”</p> +<p>So Geeheesop went home with the seed balls, and tobacco-worm dirt, +and did as Tobacco had told him; and the smoking of the dirt brought +rain, and the seeds were planted in a secret place, and in four days +came up, and grew for a while, but finally were about to die for want +of rain.</p> +<p>Then <span class="corr" id="xd20e4013" title= +"Source: Geeeesop">Geeheesop</span> got some of the leaves and smoked +them, and the wind blew, and rain came, and the plants revived and grew +till they were ripe.</p> +<p>When the tobacco was ripe Geeheesop gathered a lot of the leaves and +filled with them one of the gourd-like nests which the woodpecker, +<i>koh-daht</i>, makes in the <i>har-san</i>, or giant-cactus, and then +took a few of these and put them in a cane-tube pipe, or +<i>watch-kee</i>, and went to where the people gathered in the +evening.</p> +<p>And the doctor who was the father of Tobacco said: “What is +this I smell? There is something new here!”</p> +<p>And one said, “Perhaps it is some greens that I ate today that +you smell,” and he breathed toward him.</p> +<p>But the mahkai said, “That is not it<span class="corr" id= +"xd20e4034" title="Not in source">.</span>” <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb221" href="#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span></p> +<p>And others breathed toward him, but he could not smell it.</p> +<p>Then Geeheesop rolled a coal toward himself, and lit up his pipe, +and the doctor said: “This is what I smelled!”</p> +<p>And Geeheesop, after smoking a few whiffs, passed the pipe around to +the others, and all smoked it, and when it came back to him he stuck it +in the ground.</p> +<p>And the next night he came with a new pipe to the place of meeting, +but the father of Tobacco said: “Last night I had a smoke, but I +did not feel good after it.”</p> +<p>And all the others said: “Why we smoked and enjoyed +it.”</p> +<p>But the man who had eaten the greens <i>kah-tee-kum</i>, the day +before, said: “He does not mean that he did not enjoy the smoke, +but something else troubled him after it, and I think it was that when +we passed the pipe around we did not say ‘My relatives,’ +‘brother,’ or ‘cousin,’ or whatever it was, but +passed it quietly without using any names.”</p> +<p>And Tobacco’s father said “Yes, that is what I +mean.”</p> +<p>(And from that time on all the Pimas smoked that way when they came +together, using a cane-tube pipe, or making a long cigarette of +corn-husk and tobacco, and passing it around among relatives.)</p> +<p>So Geeheesop lit his pipe and passed it around <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb222" href="#pb222" name="pb222">222</a>]</span>in +the way to satisfy the doctor.</p> +<p>And the people saved the seeds of that tobacco, and to day it is all +over the land.</p> +<p>And the Corn and the Pumpkin had gone east, and for many years they +lived there, and the people they had left had no corn, and no pumpkins; +but after a while they returned of themselves, and came first to the +mountain Tahtkum, and lived there a while, and then crossed the river +and lived near Blackwater, at the place called <i>Toeahk-Comalk</i>, or +White Thin Mountain, and from there went and lived awhile at Gahkotekih +or, as it is now called, Superstition Mountain.</p> +<p>While they lived at Gahkotekih there was a woman living near there +at a place called <i>kawt-kee oy-ee-duck</i> who, with her younger +brother, went to Gahkotekih to gather and roast the white cactus, and +while they were doing this Corn saw them from the mountain and came +down.</p> +<p>And the boy saw him and said: “I think that is my uncle +coming,” but his sister said, <span class="corr" id="xd20e4076" +title="Source: ” ">“</span>It cannot be, for he is far +away. If he were here the people would not be starving as +now.”</p> +<p>But the boy was right, it was his uncle, and Corn came to them and +staid with them while the cactus was baking. And after awhile, as he +sat aside, he would shoot an arrow up in the air, and it would fall +whirling where the cooking was, and he would go and pick it up.</p> +<p>Finally he said to the woman: “Would you <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb223" href="#pb223" name="pb223">223</a>]</span>not +better uncover the corn and see if it is cooked yet?” And she +said: “It is not corn, it is cactus.”</p> +<p>Again, after a while, he said: “Would you not better uncover +the pumpkin and see if it is done?” And she replied: “It is +not pumpkin, we are baking, it is cactus.” But finally he said +“Well, uncover it anyway,” and she uncovered it, and there +were corn and pumpkin there, together, all nicely mixed and cooked, and +she sat staring at it, and he told her to uncover it more, and she did +so and ate some of it.</p> +<p>And then he asked about the Tobacco woman, if she were married yet, +and she said, “No, she is not married, but she is back with us +again, now.”</p> +<p>Then he asked her to send the little boy ahead and tell the people +that Corn was coming to live with them again. But first the little boy +was to go to the doctor who was the father of Tobacco, and see if he +and his daughter wanted Corn to return. If they did he would come, and +if they did not he would stay away. And he wanted the boy to come right +back and tell what answer he got.</p> +<p>So the little boy went, and took some corn with him to the doctor, +and said: “Corn sent me, and he wants your daughter, and he wants +to know if you want him. If you do he will return, but if you do not he +will turn back again. And he wants me to bring him word what you +say.” <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href="#pb224" name= +"pb224">224</a>]</span></p> +<p>And the mahkai said “I have nothing to say against him. I +guess he knows the people want corn. Go and tell him to +come.”</p> +<p>And Corn said: “Go back to the doctor and tell him to make a +little kee, as quick as he can, and to get the people to help him, and +to cover it with mats instead of bushes, and to let Tobacco go there +and stay there till I come.</p> +<p>And tell all the people to sweep their houses, and around their +houses, and if anything in their houses is broken, such as pots, +<i><span class="corr" id="xd20e4102" title= +"Source: vahs-shroms">vahs-hroms</span></i>, to turn them right side +up. For I am coming back openly; there will be no secret about +it.”</p> +<p>So the little boy went back and told the doctor all that Corn had +told him to say, and the doctor and the people built the kee, and +Tobacco went there, and the people swept their houses and around them +as they were told.</p> +<p>And before sunset the woman came home with the corn and pumpkins she +had cooked at the mountain, but Corn staid out till it was evening.</p> +<p>And when evening came there was a black cloud where Corn stood, and +soon it began to rain corn, and every little while a big pumpkin would +come down, <i>bump</i>. And it rained corn and pumpkins all night, +while Corn and his bride were in their kee, and in the morning the +people went out and gathered up the corn from the swept place around +their houses.</p> +<p>And so Corn and Pumpkin came back again.</p> +<p>The people gathered up all the corn around <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb225" href="#pb225" name= +"pb225">225</a>]</span>their houses, and all their vessels, even their +broken ones, which they had turned up, were full, and their houses were +soon packed full of corn and pumpkins.</p> +<p>So Corn lived there with his wife, and after a while Tobacco had a +baby, and it was a little crooked-necked pumpkin, such as the Pimas +call a dog-pumpkin.</p> +<p>And when the child had grown a little, one day its father and mother +went out to work in the garden, and they put the little pumpkin baby +behind a mat leaning against the wall. And some children, coming in, +found it there, and began to play with it for a doll, carrying it on +their backs as they do their dolls. And finally they dropped it and +broke its neck.</p> +<p>And when Corn came back and found his baby was broken he was angry, +and left his wife, and went east again, and staid there awhile, and +then bethought him of his pets, the blackbirds, which he had left +behind, and came back to his wife again.</p> +<p>But after awhile he again went east, taking his pets with him, +scattering grains of corn so that the blackbirds would follow him.</p> +<p>Corn made this speech while he was in the kee with Tobacco:</p> +<p>In the East there is the Tonedum Vahahkkee, the Vahahkkee of Light, +where lives the great doctor, the king fisher.</p> +<p>And I came to <i>Bives-chool</i>, the king fisher, <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name="pb226">226</a>]</span>and +asked him for power, and he heard me asking, and flew up on his kee, +and looked toward the West, and breathed the light four times, and flew +and breathed again four times, and so on—flying four times and +breathing after each flight four times, and then he sat over a place in +the ground that was cut open.</p> +<p>And in the West there was a Bluebird, and when I asked him for power +he flew up on his kee, and breathed four times, and then flew toward +the East, and he and Biveschool met at the middle of the earth.</p> +<p>And Biveschool asked the Bluebird to do some great thing to show his +power, and the Bluebird took the blue grains of corn from his breast +and then planted them, and they grew up into beautiful tall corn, so +tall its tops touched the sky and its leaves bowed over and scratched +the ground in the wind.</p> +<p>And Biveschool took white seeds from his breast, and planted them, +and they came up, and were beautiful to be seen, and came to bear fruit +that lay one after another on the vine—these were pumpkins.</p> +<p>And the beautiful boys ran around among these plants, and learned to +shout and learned to whistle, and the beautiful girls ran around among +these plants and learned to whistle.</p> +<p>And the relatives heard of these good years, and the plenty to eat, +and there came a relative leading her child by the hand, who said: +“We <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb227" href="#pb227" name= +"pb227">227</a>]</span>will go right on, for our relatives must have +plenty to eat, and we shall not always suffer with hunger.</p> +<p>So these came, but did not eat it all, but returned.</p> +<p>So my relatives, think of this, that we shall not suffer with hunger +always.”</p> +<p>And Corn made another speech at that time to Tobacco’s +father:</p> +<p>“Doctor! Doctor! have you seen that this earth that you have +made is burning! The mountains are crumbling, and all kinds of trees +are burning down.</p> +<p>And the people over the land which you have made run around, and +have forgotten how to shout, and have forgotten how to walk, since the +ground is so hot and burning.</p> +<p>And the birds which you have made have forgotten how to fly, and +have forgotten how to sing.</p> +<p>And when you found this out you held up the long pinion feathers, +<i>mah-cheev-a-duck</i>, toward the East, and there came the long +clouds one after the other.</p> +<p>And there in those clouds there were low thunderings, and they +spread over the earth, and watered all the plants, and the roots of all +the trees; and everything was different from what it had been.</p> +<p>Every low place and every valley was crooked, but the force of the +waters <span class="corr" id="xd20e4174" title= +"Source: strightened">straightened</span> them out, and there was +driftwood on all the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb228" href="#pb228" +name="pb228">228</a>]</span>shores: and after it was over every low +place and every valley had foam in its mouth.</p> +<p>And in the mouth stood the Doctor, and took the grains from his +breast, and planted them, and the corn grew and was beautiful. And he +went on further, to another low valley, and planted other seeds, and +the pumpkin grew and was beautiful.</p> +<p>And its vine to the West was black and zigzag in form, and to the +South was blue and zigzag in form, and to the East was white and zigzag +in form, and to the North was yellow and zigzag in form.</p> +<p>So everything came up, and there was plenty to eat, and the people +gathered it up, and the young boys and girls ate and were happy, and +the old men and the old women ate and lengthened even their few +days.</p> +<p>So think of this, my relatives, and know that we are not to suffer +with hunger always.”</p> +<p>And the Dog-Pumpkin Baby lay there broken, after Corn went away, but +after awhile sank down and went to Gahkotekih, and grew up there, and +became the Harsan or Giant Cactus.</p> +<p>And the mother and grandfather <span class="corr" id="xd20e4191" +title="Source: conld">could</span> not find the Dog-Pumpkin Baby, and +called the people together, and Toehahvs was asked to find it, and he +smelled around where it had been, and went around in circles.</p> +<p>And he came to where the Giant Cactus was and thought it was the +baby, but was not sure, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb229" href= +"#pb229" name="pb229">229</a>]</span>and so came back, and told them he +could not find it.</p> +<p>And they wanted Nooee to go, and Toehahvs said to Nooee: “I +did see something, but I was not quite sure, but I want you to examine +that Giant Cactus.”</p> +<p>So Nooee flew around and around and examined the Giant Cactus and +came back, and when the people questioned him said: “I have found +it and it is already full-grown, and I tell you I think something good +will happen to us because of it.”</p> +<p>And when the Cactus had fruit the people gathered it, and made +<i>tis-win</i>, and took the seeds and spread them out in the sun.</p> +<p>And the Badger stole these seeds, and when the people knew it they +sent Toehahvs after the <span class="corr" id="xd20e4210" title= +"Source: theif">thief</span>.</p> +<p>And Toehahvs went and saw Badger ahead of him in the road, and saw +him go out and around and come into the road again and come toward +him.</p> +<p>And when they met, Toehahvs asked him what he had in his hand. And +Badger said “I have something, but I’m not going to show +you!”</p> +<p>Then Toehahvs said: “If you’ll only just open your hand, +so I can see, I’ll be satisfied.”</p> +<p>And Badger opened his hand, and Toehahvs hit it a slap from below, +and knocked the seeds all around, and that is why the giant cactus is +now so scattered. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb230" href="#pb230" +name="pb230">230</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e4222" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e4223" class="main">Notes on the Story of Corn and +Tobacco</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In the Story of Corn and Tobacco we touch the +superstitions about rain, the most desired thing in the desert. The +mahkais used tobacco in their incantations, both for curing sickness +and for making rain. It would appear that the Piman mind confused +clouds of smoke and clouds of vapor, and because tobacco made clouds it +was probably supposed to be potent in begetting rain. The Pimas told me +that the Doctor’s Square Stone was used in the incantations for +rain, and there appears to have been a connection in Piman thought +between feathers and clouds, and therefore between feathers and rain, +and it will be noticed that when Geeheesop went to get Tobacco’s +help in making rain he took feathers and both kinds of +Doctor-stone.</p> +<p>This story seems to profess to give the origin of tobacco, giant +cactus and of tiswin. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb231" href= +"#pb231" name="pb231">231</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e3962" href="#xd20e3962src" name="xd20e3962">1</a></span> Read +before the Anthropological Society of Philadelphia, May 11, 1904.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="children" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e4231" class="main">The Story of the Children of Cloud</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e472"><span class="xd20e472init">T</span>here was a woman +who lived in the mountains, who was very beautiful, and had many +suitors, but she never married anyone.</p> +<p>And one day she was making mats of cane; and she fell asleep and a +rain came and a drop fell on her navel.</p> +<p>And she had twin babies, and all the men claimed them, but when the +babies were old enuf to crawl she told all the claimants to get in a +circle, and she would put the babies in the middle, and if they crawled +up to any man he would be the father.</p> +<p>But the babies climbed upon nobody, <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e4241" title="Source: And">and</span> she never married.</p> +<p>And when these twin boys were old enuf their mother showed them a +cloud in the east, and said: “That is your father, and his name +is Cloud, and the Wind is your uncle, your father’s older +brother.”</p> +<p>But the children paid little attention, but when they got older they +asked their mother if they could go and see their father. And their +mother let them go.</p> +<p>And they went, and came to a house, and the man who lived there +asked them where they were going, and they said they were looking for +their father, whose name was Cloud.</p> +<p>And the man pointed to the next house, and <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb232" href="#pb232" name= +"pb232">232</a>]</span>said: “That man, there, is your +father.”</p> +<p>And they went to that man, but he said: “It is not so. He is +your father. He is Cloud<span class="corr" id="xd20e4256" title= +"Source: .">,</span>” and sent them back again.</p> +<p>But the first man sent them back once more to the second, who was +really Cloud.</p> +<p>And Cloud said, that time; “I wonder if it is so that you are +my children!”</p> +<p>And the boys said: “That is what they say.”</p> +<p>And Cloud said: “I want you to do something to prove +it.”</p> +<p>Then the oldest boy thundered loud and lightened, and the other +lightened a little, and Cloud said, “It is true, you are my +children!”</p> +<p>And before night Cloud fed them, and then went into his kee and shut +it up and left them outside all night. And it rained and snowed all +night, but they staid outside.</p> +<p>And in the morning Cloud came out, and said: “It is really so, +that you are my children.”</p> +<p>And the next night he took them to a pond, where there was ice, and +left them there all night. And the next day, when he came there and +found they had staid in the water all night he said: “It is +really so—you are my children.”</p> +<p>So Cloud <span class="corr" id="xd20e4278" title= +"Source: aknowedged">acknowledged</span> them for his children and took +them into his kee. And after awhile the boys wanted to go back to their +mother<span class="corr" id="xd20e4281" title="Source: .">,</span> and +Cloud said: “You may go, but you must not speak to anybody on the +way. And I will be with you on the journey.” <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb233" href="#pb233" name="pb233">233</a>]</span></p> +<p>So the boys started, and cloud was over them, in the sky, shadowing +them.</p> +<p>And after a while they saw a man coming, and the younger boy said: +“We must ask him how our mother is.”</p> +<p>But the older brother said: “Don’t you remember that our +father told us not to speak to anyone?”</p> +<p>The younger said: “Yes, I remember, but it would not be right +not ask how our mother is.”</p> +<p>So when the man came the boy asked: “How is everybody at home, +and how is the old woman, our mother?”</p> +<p>And then the cloud above them lightened and thundered, and they were +both turned into century plants. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb234" +href="#pb234" name="pb234">234</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e4299" class="div2 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e4300" class="main">Notes on the Story of Cloud</h3> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In Emory’s report, before alluded to, also in +Captain Johnston’s, we find variants of The Story of the Children +of Cloud. Thristy Hawk, the Maricopa, told Emory “that in bygone +days a woman of surpassing beauty resided in a green spot in the +mountains, near where we were encamped. All the men admired and paid +court to her. She received the tributes of their devotion, grain, +skins, etc., but gave no love or other favor in return. Her virtue and +her determination to remain unmarried were equally firm. There came a +drought which threatened the world with famine. In their distress, +people applied to her, and she gave corn from her stock, and the supply +seemed endless.... One day as she was lying asleep with her body +exposed, a drop of rain fell on her stomach, which produced conception. +A son was the issue, who was the founder of a new race which built all +these houses” (ruins, vahahkkees).</p> +<p>Johnston has it: “The general asked a Pima who made the house +I had seen. ‘It is the Caza de Montezuma<span class="corr" id= +"xd20e4306" title="Source: ’,">,’</span> said he, ‘it +was built by the son of the most beautiful woman, who once dwelt in yon +mountain; she was fair, and all the handsome men came to court her, but +in vain; when they came, they paid tribute, and out of this small store +she fed all the people in time of distress, and it did not diminish; at +last, as she lay asleep, a drop of rain fell upon her navel, and she +became pregnant, and brought forth a boy, who was the builder of all +these houses.”</p> +<p>The seeneeyawkum gives her twins but knew nothing of any story of +their children or of these buildings, the vahahkkees. <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb235" href="#pb235" name="pb235">235</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="tcheunassat" class="div1 story"><span class= +"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e4313" class="main">The Story of Tcheunassat Seeven</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e4315"><span class="xd20e4315init">S</span>tcheuadack +Seeven wanted to gamble with Tcheunassat Seeven, who lived at Kawtkee +Oyyeeduck, and sent a man with an invitation to come and play against +him, and bring all his wives.</p> +<p>And Tcheunassat Seeven said: “I will go, for my wives are used +to travelling, and we will take food, and will camp on the road, and +day after tomorrow, about evening, we will be there.”</p> +<p>So the messenger went back with this word, and in the morning +Tcheunassat Seeven got his lunch ready, and he and his wives started; +and the first night camped at Odchee, and the next day came to the +little mountain, near Blackwater, called <i>Sahn-a-mik</i>, and they +crossed <i>Ak-kee-mull</i>, The River, the Gila, there, and Tcheunassat +Seeven told his wives to wash their hair and clean themselves there, +and then he told them to go ahead to Stcheuadack Seeven while he took +his bath. And while he bathed they went on and came to Stcheuadack +Seeven’s house, where he was singing and his wives dancing.</p> +<p>Then the wives of Tcheunassat Seeven did not ask for invitation, but +went right in and joined the dance, and went to Stcheuadack Seeven and +took hold of his hand in the dance, pushing each other away to get it. +<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb236" href="#pb236" name= +"pb236">236</a>]</span></p> +<p>And Stcheuadack Seeven thought from this that he would get all of +Tcheunassat Seeven’s wives away from him.</p> +<p>Tcheunassat Seeven, after his bath, cut a piece of oapot wood and +sharpened it, and split the other end into four pieces, and bent them +over and tied the ends of crow’s feathers to them, and stuck it +in his hair, and dipped his finger in white paint and made one little +spot over each eye, which was all the paint he used, and then he went +and watched his wives dancing and taking Stcheuadack Seeven’s +hand.</p> +<p>And Stcheuadack Seeven asked them if that was their husband, and +they said: “Yes, he is our husband. He is not very good-looking, +but we care so much for him.”</p> +<p>Tcheunassat Seeven watched the dancing awhile and then stepped back +a little and took out his rattle and began to sing. And at once +everybody crowded around him, and all his wives came back to him, and +finally all Stcheuadack Seeven’s wives came and contended for his +hand, as his wives had been doing with Stcheuadack Seeven.</p> +<p>And this went on into the night, all dancing and having a good time, +except Stcheuadack Seeven, who walked around looking at his wives +dancing.</p> +<p>And finally he sent a message to the most beautiful of his wives +(who had a beautiful daughter) and told him to tell her: “I am +sleepy, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb237" href="#pb237" name= +"pb237">237</a>]</span>and I want you home now, and I want all my wives +to go into the house.”</p> +<p>And she said: “I will come. I will tell my daughter, who is +over there, and then we will come home.”</p> +<p>But she did not tell her daughter, and did not come home, and +Stcheuadack Seeven waited awhile, and then found his messenger and +asked him: “Did you tell her?”</p> +<p>And the messenger said: “I did.”</p> +<p>And he said: “Tell her again that I am waiting outside here, +and I want her to come to me and we will go home.”</p> +<p>Then the messenger told the woman again, but she did not come, and +Stcheuadack Seeven wandered around outside till morning.</p> +<p>And near morning Tcheunassat Seeven sang a <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e4357" title="Source: beautifui">beautiful</span> song, and began +to move toward his own home, dancing all the way, and all the women +going before him.</p> +<p>And he did this till morning, and then stopped, and went home, +taking all his own wives and all of Stcheuadack Seeven’s wives +with him.</p> +<p>And Stcheuadack Seeven went home, when he saw this, and took his +beautiful cloak all covered with live butterflies and humming-birds, +and lay down, covering himself with it.</p> +<p>But four days after, Stcheuadack Seeven told the messenger to take +this beautiful cloak to <span class="corr" id="xd20e4366" title= +"Source: Tcheuassat">Tcheunassat</span> Seeven, and ask him to send +back that beautiful wife and her daughter, and to keep <span class= +"pagenum">[<a id="pb238" href="#pb238" name="pb238">238</a>]</span>the +rest of the wives; and to keep the cloak and use that to marry more +wives.</p> +<p>But <span class="corr" id="xd20e4373" title= +"Source: Tcheunassst">Tcheunassat</span> Seeven said to the messenger: +“Tell him I do not want his cloak. I have one just like it, and I +have all I want, and I will not send back any of his wives. It was his +wish that we should gamble, and if he had been the better singer and +had won my wives I would not have asked for any of them +back.”</p> +<p>And now Tcheunassat Seeven appeared as a beautiful person, with long +hair and turquoise ear-rings, and he said: “He need not think I +always look as I did when I came to his dance. That was only to fool +him.”</p> +<p>The beautiful daughter of the beautiful wife grew up, and +Tcheunassat Seeven married her, too, and she had a baby.</p> +<p>And when Stcheuadack Seeven heard of it, he said: “I am going +to punish him.” And he made a black spider and sent it thru the +air.</p> +<p>And in the evening when the mother wanted to air her baby’s +cradle, she took it out, and then the black spider got in the +baby’s cradle and hid himself, and when the baby was put back the +spider bit it, and it began to cry.</p> +<p>And its father and mother tried to pacify it, but could not, and +when they took it out of the cradle, there they found the black +spider.</p> +<p>And Tcheunassat Seeven sent word to <span class="corr" id= +"xd20e4389" title="Source: Stchenadack">Stcheuadack</span> Seeven to +come and see his grand-child, which was about to die, but Stcheuadack +Seeven <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb239" href="#pb239" name= +"pb239">239</a>]</span>said to the messenger: “What is the matter +with Tcheunassat Seeven? He is a powerful doctor. Tell him to cure the +child. I will not come. The bite of a black spider is poisonous, but it +never kills anybody<span class="corr" id="xd20e4394" title= +"Source: ,">.</span> Tell him to get some weeds on Maricopa Mountain +and cure the child.” And he sent the messenger back again.</p> +<p>And <span class="corr" id="xd20e4399" title= +"Source: Scheunassat">Tcheunassat</span> Seeven said: “How can I +get those weeds when I do not know which ones are right and there are +so many! I cannot go.”</p> +<p>And he did not go, and the child died. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= +"pb240" href="#pb240" name="pb240">240</a>]</span></p> +<div id="xd20e4405" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e4406" class="main">A Song of Tcheunassat Seeven</h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">There stands a dead vahahkkee</p> +<p class="line">On top of it there runs back and forth the Seeven</p> +<p class="line">And he has a robe with yellow hand prints on it.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div id="xd20e4415" class="div2 song"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h3 id="xd20e4416" class="main">The Lark’s Song about his Lost +Wife<a class="noteref" id="xd20e4418src" href="#xd20e4418" name= +"xd20e4418src">1</a></h3> +<div class="lgouter"> +<p class="line">My poor wife!</p> +<p class="line">In the West she seems to be bound by the song of the +Bamboo.</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb241" href="#pb241" name= +"pb241">241</a>]</span></p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="footnotes"> +<hr class="fnsep"> +<p class="footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= +"xd20e4418" href="#xd20e4418src" name="xd20e4418">1</a></span> This is +a Pima flute-song, a record of which I obtained for my phonograph while +in Arizona. It has no direct connection with the legends; but +illustrates the Story of Tcheunassat Seeven a little, as it is about a +woman, the wife of an Indian named the Lark, who is led away by the +seductive singing of another Indian named the Bamboo; the Indians +having an idea that women were most easily seduced by music. The Pimas, +when they speak English, calling the wild cane bamboo.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div id="blackwater" class="div1 story"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 id="xd20e4427" class="main">The Legend of Blackwater</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="xd20e1169"><span class="xd20e1169init">A</span> little off +from the road between Sacaton, and Casa Grande Ruins there is, or was +in the old days, a mysterious pool of dark water, which the Indians +regarded with superstitious awe.</p> +<p>They said it was of fathomless depth, that it communicated with the +ocean, and that strange, monstrous animals at times appeared in it. +There are Indians still living who declare they have seen them with +their own eyes.</p> +<p>I visited this famous place once with my interpreter, Mr Wood. After +galloping a while thru a mezquite forest we suddenly emerged upon its +legendary shores<span class="corr" id="xd20e4435" title= +"Not in source">.</span> Alas, for the prosaic quality of fact! It was +but a common-place water-hole, or spring-pond, a few rods across, with +bogs and bulrushes in its center.</p> +<p>The unkindness of irrigation ditches, withdrawing its waters, +revealed that like most bottomless pools of story it was very shallow +indeed.</p> +<p>It was nearly dry.</p> +<p>Its name of Blackwater has been given to the nearby <span class= +"corr" id="xd20e4444" title="Source: surounding">surrounding</span> +district.</p> +<p>This was the only trace of the common Indian superstition of water +monsters I found among the Pimas.</p> +<p class="xd20e160"><i>Koo-a Kutch</i></p> +<p class="trailer xd20e4453">The End</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="back"> +<div id="errata" class="div1 errata"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= +"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> +<div class="divHead"> +<h2 class="main">Errata</h2> +</div> +<div class="divBody"> +<p class="first">In this book of Pima legends, various errors with +regard to Indian words have occurred which will be corrected in a +second edition. These are principally as follows:</p> +<p>The rule was made that all Indian words should be printed the first +time in italics, with hyphens to facilitate pronunciation; afterwards +in roman type, without hyphens. This rule has many times been +violated.</p> +<p>There is a lack of uniformity in the spelling, etc., of many of the +Indian terms. Thus the name of the old seeneeyawkum has been spelled in +different ways, but should always be Comalk Hawkkih. The name of the +Creator should always be Juwerta Mahkai. The name of his subordinate +should be Eeheetoy. Gee-ee-sop should be Geeheesop. Cheof should be +Cheoff. Vah-kee-woldt-kee, as on page 8, should be Vahf-kee-woldt-kih +as on page 112. Sah-kote-kee, on page 183, should be Sah-kote-kih, and +Chirt-kee should be Chirt-kih. On page 224, vahs-shroms should be +vahs-hroms. Tcheuassat Seeven (page 237) should be Tcheunassat Seeven. +Stchenadack Seeven (page 238) should be Stcheuadack Seeven. Scheunassat +Seeven, on page 239, should be Tcheunassat Seeven. In the story of the +Turquoises and the Red Bird (page 99) the name of the chief who lived +in the Casa Grande ruins should have been spelled with a u, instead of +a w, to secure uniformity; also the Indian name of the turquoises. The +name of the Salt River Mountain, wherever it occurs, should always be +Moehahdheck.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="div1" id="toc"> +<h2 class="main">Table of Contents</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="#intro">The Story of these +Stories</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e194">1</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#night1">Stories of the First +Night</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e467">27</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#traditions">The Traditions of the +Pimas</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e470">27</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#creation">The Story of the +Creation</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e475">27</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e575">Juhwerta Mahkai’s Song of +Creation</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e576">33</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e588">Notes on Story of +Creation</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e589">34</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#flood">The Story of the Flood</a> +<span class="tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e626">36</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e922">Juhwerta Mahkai’s Song before the +Flood</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e923">51</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e934">The Song of Superstition +Mountains</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e935">51</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e944">Ee-ee-toy’s Song when He made the World +Serpents</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e945">51</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e955">Notes on the Story of the +Flood</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e956">52</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#ahahnheeattoepahk">The Story of Ah-ahn-he-eat-toe-pahk +Mahkai</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e1167">62</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e1289">Notes on the Story of Ah-ahn-he-eat-toe-pahk +Mahkai</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e1290">71</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#vandaih">The Story of Vandaih, The +Man-eagle</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1306">72</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e1570">Notes on the Story of +Vandaih</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e1571">89</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#night2">Stories of the Second +Night</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e1725">95</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#turquoises">The Story of the Turquoises and the Red +Bird</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e1729">99</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e1785">Notes on the Story of the +Turquoises</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1786">102</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#wayhohm">The Story of Wayhohm, Toehahvs and +Tottai</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e1803">103</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e1837">Notes on the Story of +Wayhohm</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e1838">105</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#hawawk">The Story of Hawawk</a> +<span class="tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e1857">106</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e2063">Notes on the Story of +Hawawk</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2064">118</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#tawquahdahmawks">The Story of Tawquahdahmawks and her +Canal</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2100">120</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e2135">Notes on the Story of +Tawquahdahmawks</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2136">123</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#nooee">How Nooee Killed +Ee-ee-toy</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2180">125</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e2262">The Song of Nooee when he went to the +Sun</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2263">131</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e2270">When Nooee Killed +Ee-ee-toy</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2271">131</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e2286">Notes on how Nooee Killed +Ee-ee-toy</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2287">132</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#eeeetoy">Ee-ee-toy’s Resurrection and Speech to +Juhwerta Mahkai</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2305">133</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e2576">Notes on Ee-ee-toy’s +Resurrection</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2577">143</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#night3">Stories of the Third +Night</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2604">144</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#eeeetoysarmy">The Story of Ee-ee-toy’s +Army</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2608">147</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e2729">The First Song of Ee-ee-toy’s +Army</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2730">153</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e2739">The Doctor’s Song to the +Hunters</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2740">153</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#destruction">The Destruction of the +Vahahkkees</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2754">154</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e2896">Song before the Fight with Cheof-Hahvo +Seeven</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e2897">162</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e2912">A Song of the Doctor whose Snake Threw down +the Vahahkkee</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2913">162</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e2921">Notes on the Story of Ee-ee-toy’s Army +and that of the Destruction of the +Vahahkkees</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2922">163</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#sohahnee">The Story of Sohahnee Mahkai and +Kawkoinpuh</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2965">166</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e3091">Notes on the Story of Sohahnee +Mahkai</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e3092">172</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#pahtahnkum">The Story of +Pahtahnkum</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3102">173</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e3378">The Song of Koelhahah about her +Son</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e3379">189</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e3389">Notes on the Story of +Pahtahnkum</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3390">190</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#night4">Stories of the Fourth +Night</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e3418">190</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#gambler">The Story of the Gambler’s +War</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e3422">193</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e3729">Notes on the Story of the Gambler’s +War</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e3730">205</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#nahvahchoo">The Story of +Nahvahchoo</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3738">206</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e3949">Notes on the Story of +Nahvahchoo</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3950">216</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#corn">The Story of Corn and +Tobacco</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e3960">217</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e4222">Notes on the Story of Corn and +Tobacco</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e4223">230</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#children">The Story of the Children of +Cloud</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e4231">231</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e4299">Notes on the Story of +Cloud</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e4300">234</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#tcheunassat">The Story of Tcheunassat +Seeven</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e4313">235</a></span> +<ul> +<li><a href="#xd20e4405">A Song of Tcheunassat +Seeven</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e4406">240</a></span></li> +<li><a href="#xd20e4415">The Lark’s Song about his Lost +Wife</a> <span class="tocPagenum"><a class= +"pageref" href="#xd20e4416">240</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#blackwater">The Legend of +Blackwater</a> <span class= +"tocPagenum"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4427">241</a></span></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a href="#errata">Errata</a></li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="transcribernote"> +<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2> +<h3 class="main">Availability</h3> +<p class="first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no +cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give +it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="exlink xd20e51" +title="External link" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel= +"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or +online at <a class="exlink xd20e51" title="External link" href= +"https://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p> +<p>This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team +at <a class="exlink xd20e51" title="External link" href= +"https://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p> +<p>Scans of this book are available from the Internet Archive +(<a class="exlink xd20e51" title="External link" href= +"http://www.archive.org/details/awawtamindian00lloyrich">1</a>).</p> +<p>Related Library of Congress catalog page: <a class="catlink" href= +"http://lccn.loc.gov/11015554">11015554</a>.</p> +<p>Related Open Library catalog page (for source): <a class="catlink" +href="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL7228428M">OL7228428M</a>.</p> +<p>Related Open Library catalog page (for work): <a class="catlink" +href="http://openlibrary.org/works/OL7888617W">OL7888617W</a>.</p> +<p>Related WorldCat catalog page: <a class="catlink" href= +"http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9041866">9041866</a>.</p> +<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3> +<p class="first"></p> +<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3> +<ul> +<li>2011-11-16 Started.</li> +</ul> +<h3 class="main">External References</h3> +<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These +links may not work for you.</p> +<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3> +<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p> +<table class="correctiontable" summary= +"Overview of corrections applied to the text."> +<tr> +<th>Page</th> +<th>Source</th> +<th>Correction</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e171">N.A.</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">ot</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">of</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e227">4</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">chapparal</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">chaparral</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e265">6</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">gygrate</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">gyrate</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e316">8</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">granery</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">granary</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e325">8</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Vah-kee-woldt-kee</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Vahf-kee-woldt-kih</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e354">11</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">grease wood</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">greasewood</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e372">14</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">ruthlesaly</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">ruthlessly</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e375">14</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">vahahkees</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">vahahkkees</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e420">19</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheu-nas-set</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheu-nas-sat</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e427">19</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Maricopias</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Maricopas</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e454">23</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">mesquite</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">mezquite</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e457">23</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">inumerable</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">innumerable</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e618">35</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">self-existant</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">self-existent</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e621">35</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Juhwertamahki</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Juhwertamahkai</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e699">39</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">mpossible</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">impossible</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e762">41</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1796">102</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">“</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e780">42</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">.)</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">).</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e796">43</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Ge-ee-sop</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Gee-ee-sop</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e808">43</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">receeded</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">receded</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e842">45</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Veeppismahl</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Veepismahl</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e845">45</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">humming bird</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">humming-bird</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e979">53</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1006">55</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e1316">72</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1319">72</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1580">89</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e1600">90</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1673">92</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2188">125</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e2293">132</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2296">132</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2699">150</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e2714">151</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3502">195</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3720">204</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e4394">239</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1011">55</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1592">90</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e1743">99</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4034">220</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4435">241</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1103">60</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">matate</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">metate</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1128">60</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1647">92</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1217">65</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">the the</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">the</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1232">66</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">arrrows</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">arrows</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1310">72</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Ahahnheteatoepahk</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Ahahnheeattoepahk</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1341">73</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">his</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1380">76</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">gemble</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">gamble</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1385">76</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Anahnheeattoepahk</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Ahahnheeattoepahk</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1413">78</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4241">231</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">And</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">and</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1505">84</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">moman</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">woman</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1538">86</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">there</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">their</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1548">86</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">forth</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">fourth</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1577">89</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">paralellogram</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">parallelogram</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1589">90</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">moderu</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">modern</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1618">91</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">E-ee-toy’s</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Ee-ee-toy’s</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1629">91</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1991">113</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e2312">133</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2347">135</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3024">168</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e3187">177</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3284">184</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3616">199</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e3928">215</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4256">232</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4281">232</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1655">92</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">fromthe</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">from the</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1666">92</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">mauy</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">many</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1680">93</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">grease-wood</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">greasewood</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1689">93</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">raw hide</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">rawhide</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1708">94</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Grossmans</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Grossman’s</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1716">94</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">odopted</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">adopted</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1719">94</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">pictnre</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">picture</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1790">102</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Turqoises</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Turquoises</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1844">105</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">exessive</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">excessive</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1861">106</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3057">170</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e3291">185</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3302">185</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">to</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1903">109</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">thy</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">they</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1920">110</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2041">116</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">:</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1929">111</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">:</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1937">111</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Wont</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Won’t</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1940">111</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">shouder</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">shoulder</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1945">111</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">begain</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">began</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1950">112</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">canght</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">caught</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e1983">113</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">grand-children</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">grandchildren</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2070">118</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">appeard</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">appeared</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2073">118</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">foot balls</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">footballs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2175">124</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">thougth</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">thought</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2217">127</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Mahki</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Mahkai</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2226">128</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Eee-ee-toy</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Ee-ee-toy</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2231">128</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">ènuf</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">enuf</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2273">131</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Killeed</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Killed</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2309">133</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">;</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2337">134</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">fethers</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">feathers</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2342">135</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">excresence</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">excrescence</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2466">139</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">’</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2559">141</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">chocked</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">choked</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2662">148</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2992">166</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e3016">168</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3034">169</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Makai</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Mahkai</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2851">158</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheunasset</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheunassat</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e2924">163</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Vahakkees</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Vahahkkees</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3006">167</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">killl</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">kill</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3029">168</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">a-around</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">around</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3044">169</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">wonted</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">wanted</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3062">170</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Gawksis</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Gawksiss</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3143">175</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">difderent</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">different</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3156">176</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">are</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Are</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3177">177</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">but</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">But</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3180">177</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">how</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">what</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3254">183</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">usod</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">used</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3263">183</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Chirt-kee</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Chirt-kih</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3267">183</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Sah-kote-kee</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Sah-kote-kih</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3365">188</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">grease-wood-gum</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">greasewood gum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3396">190</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">accontrements</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">accoutrements</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3458">194</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">opposide</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">opposite</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3528">196</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3832">211</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">;</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">:</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3545">197</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tawquahdhamawks</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tawquahdahmawks</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3563">197</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">’.</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">.’</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3570">197</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">docter</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">doctor</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3583">198</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4306">234</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">’,</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">,’</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3606">199</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">thot</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">thought</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3634">200</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">aud</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">and</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3637">200</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">then</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">them</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3926">215</a>, +<a class="pageref" href="#xd20e3931">215</a>, <a class="pageref" href= +"#xd20e3937">215</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Vahahkee</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Vahahkkee</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4013">220</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Geeeesop</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Geeheesop</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4076">222</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">”</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">“</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4102">224</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">vahs-shroms</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">vahs-hroms</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4174">227</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">strightened</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">straightened</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4191">228</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">conld</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">could</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4210">229</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">theif</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">thief</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4278">232</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">aknowedged</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">acknowledged</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4357">237</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">beautifui</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">beautiful</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4366">237</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheuassat</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheunassat</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4373">238</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheunassst</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheunassat</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4389">238</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Stchenadack</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Stcheuadack</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4399">239</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Scheunassat</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">Tcheunassat</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd20e4444">241</a></td> +<td class="width40 bottom">surounding</td> +<td class="width40 bottom">surrounding</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Aw-Aw-Tam Indian Nights, by J. 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