120 files changed, 7794 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/38056-8.txt b/38056-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db8d180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2224 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch, Edited
+by William Shepard Walsh
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch
+       Cartoons, Comments and Poems, Published in the London Charivari, During the American Civil War (1861-1865)
+
+
+Editor: William Shepard Walsh
+
+Release Date: November 19, 2011  [eBook #38056]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON
+PUNCH***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Eric Skeet, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
+available by Internet Archive (http://www.archive.org)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 38056-h.htm or 38056-h.zip:
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38056/38056-h/38056-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38056/38056-h.zip)
+
+
+      Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive. See
+      http://www.archive.org/details/abrahamlincolnth00walsrich
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+      Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
+
+      Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).
+
+      The oe-ligature is represented by [oe] or [OE].
+
+
+
+
+
+ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON PUNCH
+
+
+[Illustration: THE AMERICAN JUGGERNAUT]
+
+
+ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON PUNCH
+
+Cartoons, Comments and Poems, Published in the London Charivari,
+During the American Civil War (1861-1865)
+
+Edited by
+
+WILLIAM S. WALSH
+
+Author of "A Handbook of Literary Curiosities," "Curiosities of
+Popular Customs," "Faust, the Legend and the Poem," etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+New York
+Moffat, Yard and Company
+1909
+
+Copyright 1909, by
+William S. Walsh
+New York
+Published March 1909
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+                                              PAGE
+
+        The American Juggernaut     _Frontispiece_
+
+        Divorce A Vinculo                       12
+
+        The American Difficulty                 14
+
+        The American Gladiators                 14
+
+        Naughty Jonathan                        20
+
+        How they went to take Canada            20
+
+        A Family Quarrel                        20
+
+        King Cotton Bound                       22
+
+        The Genu-ine Othello                    26
+
+        Over the Way                            28
+
+        The Wilful Boy                          33
+
+        A Likely Story                          34
+
+        Look out for Squalls                    40
+
+        A Bad Case of Throwing Stones           42
+
+        Waiting for an Answer                   42
+
+        Columbia's Fix                          42
+
+        Boxing Day                              46
+
+        "Up a Tree"                             46
+
+        Naughty Jonathan                        48
+
+        Oberon and Titania                      50
+
+        The New Orleans Plume                   52
+
+        The "Sensation" Struggle in America     54
+
+        The Latest from America                 56
+
+        One Good Turn Deserves Another          58
+
+        "Not up to Time"                        60
+
+        Lincoln's Two Difficulties              60
+
+        More Free than Welcome                  60
+
+        The Overdue Bill                        62
+
+        Abe Lincoln's Last Card                 64
+
+        Latest from Spirit-Land                 64
+
+        Scene from the American "Tempest"       64
+
+        "Beware"                                66
+
+        The Great "Cannon Game"                 70
+
+        "Rowdy" Notions of Emancipation         72
+
+        Brutus and Cæsar                        74
+
+        The Black Conscription                  74
+
+        John Bull's Neutrality                  76
+
+        Scylla and Charybdis                    79
+
+        The Storm-Signal                        84
+
+        Extremes Meet                           86
+
+        "Beecher's American Soothing Syrup"     88
+
+        "Holding a Candle to the ****"          97
+
+        Neutrality                              98
+
+        Something for Paddy                     98
+
+        Very Probable                           98
+
+        Mrs. North and her Attorney            106
+
+        Columbia's Sewing-Machine              106
+
+        The Black Draft                        109
+
+        The Federal Ph[oe]nix                  109
+
+        Grand Transformation Scene             109
+
+        The Threatening Notice                 109
+
+        Vulcan in the Sulks                    109
+
+        The American Gladiators--Habet!        111
+
+        Brittania Sympathises with Columbia    111
+
+        Peace                                  112
+
+
+
+
+ABRAHAM LINCOLN
+AND THE
+LONDON PUNCH
+
+
+"Tell me what a man laughs at, and I will tell you what he is," was one
+of Goethe's pregnant apothegms.
+
+Laughter, one of the chief lines of cleavage between man and beast, is
+one of the chief points of differentiation between man and man. From the
+good-natured banter which kins all the world to the envenomed sneer that
+sunders it, laughter runs the whole gamut of human emotions.
+
+It is always sincere, even in its own despite. No subterfuge, when
+subterfuge underlies it, is more easily unmasked. A man may smile and
+smile and be a villain, but villainy by the seeing eye can be infallibly
+detected beneath the smile.
+
+A counterfeit laugh may be uttered, as counterfeit coin is uttered, but
+it does not ring true. Its baseness reveals itself to more senses than
+one.
+
+Now for more than sixty years the recognized organ of British laughter
+has been the London _Punch_. The contemporary mood of John Bull towards
+Brother Jonathan has always voiced itself through the grinning lips of
+this chartered jester.
+
+It cannot be said that even before the outbreak of the Civil War _Punch_
+had shown itself friendly to America or Americans. Why should it? The
+British mob disliked us and flouted us. _Punch_ as the mouthpiece of the
+mob, followed suit. In the original prospectus of that journal, issued
+in 1845, it was expressly announced that the paper was to be devoted in
+part to "Yankee yarns," to "the naturalization of those alien Jonathans
+whose adherence to the truth has forced them to emigrate from their
+native land." It would appear from this new crook-backed Daniel come to
+judgment, that Ananias and Autolycus were models of punctilious honesty
+and meticulous truthfulness compared with the average American.
+
+[Illustration: DIVORCE A VINCULO.
+Mrs. Carolina Asserts her Right to "Larrup" her Nigger.]
+
+Writing from Boston to Sir Edward Head, in 1854, George Ticknor said: "I
+am much struck with what you say about the ignorance that prevails in
+England, concerning this country and its institutions, and the mischief
+likely to spring from it. From _Punch_ up to your leading statesmen,
+things are constantly said and done out of sheer misapprehension, or
+ignorance, that have for some time been breeding ill-will here, and are
+likely to breed more."
+
+[Illustration: THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY.
+PRESIDENT ABE. "WHAT A NICE WHITE HOUSE THIS WOULD BE,
+IF IT WERE NOT FOR THE BLACKS!"]
+
+Up to, and even immediately after the war,
+_Punch's_ sympathies professedly leaned towards
+the North, though it took occasion to lecture both
+sides from the standpoint of a disinterested and
+superior friend, who saw that neither side was
+absolutely and unconditionally right.
+
+When the news of the secession of South Carolina
+reached England, in January, 1861, John
+Tenniel contributed a cartoon to the jester's pages
+entitled: "Divorce a Vinculo" with the explanatory
+subtitle "Mrs. Carolina asserts her rights to
+'larrup' her nigger." Mrs. Carolina was represented
+as a vulgar virago holding a cat-o-nine tails
+in her right hand, and shaking her clenched left
+fist in the face of a serenely defiant youth,
+clad in a star-spangled shirt, to whom a
+little brat of a nigger appealed with clasped
+hands.
+
+[Illustration: "CÆSAR IMPERATOR!"
+OR, THE AMERICAN GLADIATORS.]
+
+In the same number the following poem breathed a similar anti-secession
+sentiment.
+
+
+
+
+           SECESSION AND SLAVERY
+
+
+      Secede, ye Southern States, secede,
+        No better plan could be,
+      If you of niggers would be freed,
+        To set your niggers free.
+      Runaway slaves by federal law
+        At present you reclaim;
+      So from the Union straight withdraw
+        And play the Free Soil game.
+
+      What, when you've once the knot untied,
+        Will bind the Northern men?
+      And who'll resign to your cow-hide
+        The fugitives again?
+      Absquatulate, then, slick as grease,
+        And break up unity,
+      Or take your president in peace
+        And eat your humble pie.
+
+      But if your stomachs proud disdain
+        That salutary meal
+      And you, in passion worse than vain,
+        Must rend the commonweal,
+      Then all mankind will jest and scoff
+        At people in the case
+      Of him that hastily cut off
+        His nose to spite his face.
+
+Later, _Punch_ applauded that portion of Abraham Lincoln's first
+inaugural, which dealt with the question of secession.
+
+
+
+
+                      THE COMMINUTED STATES
+
+
+     Who can say where Secession will stop? That is a question which is
+     raised by MR. LINCOLN, in a part of his inaugural address, directed
+     to enforce upon fools and madmen the necessity of acquiescence by
+     minorities in the decision of majorities. The President tells the
+     frantic portion of his fellow countrymen that:--
+
+     "There is no alternative for continuing the Government but
+     acquiescence on one side or the other. If a minority in such a case
+     will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in
+     turn will ruin and divide them, for a minority of their own will
+     secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be controlled by
+     such a minority. For instance, why may not any portion of a new
+     confederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again,
+     precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from
+     it? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to
+     the exact temper of doing this."
+
+     The force of this simple reasoning will be seen by the lunatics to
+     whom it is addressed, during their lucid intervals, if they have
+     any. It may even be hoped that some of them may recover the use of
+     their reflecting faculties so far as to be enabled to follow out
+     PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S argument, and their own folly, into ultimate
+     consequences and conclusions. Then they will see what is likely to
+     be the end of Secession, for it is not quite true that there is no
+     end to Secession, and the end of Secession will be for the
+     Secessionists an end of everything. Seceders will go on seceding
+     and subseceding, until at last every citizen will secede from every
+     other citizen, and each individual will be a sovereign state in
+     himself, self-government personified, a walking autonomy, a lone
+     star, doing business and supporting itself off its own hook.
+
+[Illustration: NAUGHTY JONATHAN.
+"YOU SHAN'T INTERFERE, MOTHER--AND YOU OUGHT TO BE ON MY SIDE--AND
+IT'S A GREAT SHAME--AND I DON'T CARE--AND YOU SHALL INTERFERE--AND
+I WON'T HAVE IT."]
+
+When the seceding states were in search of a name, _Punch_ suggested
+that of Slaveownia, and when at the convention held February 9, 1861, at
+Montgomery, Alabama, they adopted the title of the Confederate States of
+America, _Punch_ reopened his battery in this fashion:
+
+[Illustration: HOW THEY WENT TO TAKE CANADA.
+"For the outrage offered in the Queen's Proclamation, the
+United States will possess itself of Canada,"--New York Herald.]
+
+     "The Southern Secessionists must be admitted to be blessed with at
+     least the philosophical virtue of self-knowledge. They term this
+     new league the 'Confederate States of America'; thus they call
+     themselves by what they doubtless feel to be their right name. They
+     are confederates in the crime of upholding slavery. A correct
+     estimate of their moral position is manifest in that distinctive
+     denomination of theirs, 'Confederate States.' This title is a
+     beautiful antithesis to that of the United States of America. The
+     more doggedly confederate slave mongers combine, the more firmly
+     good republicans should unite."
+
+[Illustration: SEPTEMBER 28, 1861.
+A FAMILY QUARREL]
+
+Once more when reviewing Jefferson Davis' message to the Confederate
+Congress, _Punch_ recognized that slavery was really the bone of
+contention between the two sections:
+
+
+
+
+              THE JUST AND HOLY CAUSE OF SLAVERY
+
+
+     "We feel," says PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS, in his Message to the
+     Secessional Congress, "that our cause is just and holy." Could not
+     the negroes of the Southern States, if they rose against their
+     masters, say just as much, with at least equal justice, for their
+     own insurrection? The less MR DAVIS says about justice and holiness
+     the better, if he does not want to preach a dangerous doctrine,
+     besides being considered a humbug. "Dash holiness, and justice be
+     blanked!" is the consistent language for MR. JEFFERSON DAVIS.
+     "Might is right; we expect to thrash the Northerners; and the
+     Institution of Slavery for ever!"
+
+Again, when General Beauregard declared in a proclamation to the South
+that "unborn generations would arise and call them blessed," _Punch_
+declared that the reporters, with their proverbial inaccuracy, had
+omitted the concluding word "rascals."
+
+[Illustration: KING COTTON BOUND;
+Or, The Modern Prometheus.]
+
+Yet even now, it appealed to both sections to restrain their hands from
+flying at each other's throats:
+
+
+
+
+             ODE TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH
+
+
+      O JONATHAN and JEFFERSON,
+        Come listen to my song;
+      I can't decide, my word upon,
+        Which of you is most wrong.
+      I do declare I am afraid
+        To say which worse behaves,
+      The North, imposing bonds on Trade,
+        Or South, that Man enslaves.
+
+      And here you are about to fight,
+        And wage intestine war,
+      Not either of you in the right:
+        What simpletons you are!
+      Too late your madness you will see,
+        And when your passion cools,
+      "Snakes!" you will bellow, "How could we
+        Have been such 'tarnal fools!"
+
+      One thing is certain; that if you
+        Blow out each other's brains,
+      'Twill be apparent what a few
+        Each blockhead's skull contains.
+      You'll have just nothing for your cost,
+        To show, when all is done.
+      Greatness and glory you'll have lost;
+        And not a dollar won.
+
+      Oh, joined to us by blood, and by
+        The bond of kindred speech,
+      And further, by the special tie
+        Of slang, bound each to each,
+      All-fired gonies, softhorn'd pair,
+        Each other will you lick?
+      You everlastin' dolts, forbear!
+        Throw down your arms right slick.
+
+      You'll chaw each other up, you two,
+        Like those Kilkenny cats,
+      When they had better things to do,
+        Improvin' off the rats.
+      Now come, shake hands, together jog
+        On friendly yet once more;
+      Whip one another not: and flog
+        Creation, as before!
+
+Still again, _Punch_ showed good feeling in admonishing Lord Palmerston,
+after firing on Sumter, to keep Great Britain neutral.
+
+[Illustration: THE GENU-INE OTHELLO.
+OTHELLO. "KEEP UP YOUR BRIGHT SWORDS, FOR DE DEW
+WILL RUST DEM. · · · · BOTH YOU OB MY INCLINING, AND DE REST."]
+
+"Well Pam," says Mr. Punch to his workman, "of course I shall keep you
+on, but you must stick to peace-work."
+
+Nor could the North object to the cartoon, in May, 1861, in which
+Lincoln made his first appearance in _Punch_. The face, faithfully
+limned from the early beardless photographs, represented him as a man of
+clean-cut intelligent features,--in marked contrast to the bearded
+ruffian, a repulsive compound of malice, vulgarity and cunning which
+John Tenniel's pencil subsequently delighted to give to the world as a
+counterfeit presentment of the President of the United States.
+
+In this first picture Lincoln is represented as poking the fire and
+filling the room with particles of soot, saying with downcast look:
+
+"What a nice White House it would be, if it were not for the blacks."
+
+[Illustration: OVER THE WAY.
+MR. BULL. "OH! IF YOU TWO LIKE FIGHTING BETTER THAN BUSINESS,
+I SHALL DEAL AT THE OTHER SHOP."]
+
+Nevertheless, the poem with which _Punch_ greeted the news of the fall
+of Fort Sumter was not calculated to arouse kindly sentiments in the
+North.
+
+
+
+
+      INK, BLOOD AND TEARS
+
+      (THE TAKING OF FORT SUMTER.)
+
+
+      A Forty hours' bombardment! Great guns throwing
+        Their iron hail: shells their mad mines exploding:
+      Furnaces lighted: shot at red-heat glowing:
+        Shore-battr'ies and fort-armament, firing, loading--
+      War's visible hell let loose for forty hours,
+      And all her devils free to use their powers--
+      And yet not one man hit, her flag when Sumter lowers.
+
+      "Oh, here's a theme!" quoth Punch, of brag abhorrent,
+        "'Twixt promise and performance rare proportion!
+      This show-cloth, of live lions, giving warrant,
+        Masking some mangy, stunted, stuffed abortion:
+      These gorgeous covers hiding empty dishes,
+      These whale-like antics among little fishes--
+      Here is the very stuff to meet my dearest wishes.
+
+      What ringing of each change on brag and bluster!
+        These figures huge of speech, summed in a zero:
+      This war-march, ushering in _Bombastes'_ muster:
+        This entry of _Tom Thumb_, armed like a hero.
+      Of all great cries e'er raised o'er little wool,
+      Of all big bubbles by fools' breath filled full,
+      Sure here's the greatest yet, and emptiest, for JOHN BULL!
+
+      JOHN always thought JONATHAN, his young brother,
+        A little of a bully; said he swaggered:
+      But in all change of chaff with one another,
+        Nor JOHN nor JONATHAN was e'er called 'laggard.'
+      But now, if JOHN mayn't JONATHAN style 'coward,'
+      He _may_ hint Stripes and Stars were better lowered
+      From that tall height to which, till now, their flag-staff towered."
+
+      _Punch_ nibbed his pen, all jubilant, for galling--
+        When suddenly a weight weighed down the feather,
+      And a red liquid, drop by drop, slow falling,
+        Came from the nib; and the drops rolled together,
+      And steamed and smoked and sung--"Not ink, but blood;
+      Drops now, but soon to swell into a flood,
+      Perchance e'er Summer's leaf has burst Spring's guarding bud.
+
+      Blood by a brother's hand drawn from a brother--
+        And they by whom 'tis ta'en, by whom 'tis given,
+      Are both the children of an English mother;
+        Once with that mother, in her wrath, they've striven:
+      Was't not enough, that parricidal jar,
+      But they must now meet in fraternal war?
+      If such strife draw no blood shall England scoff therefore?
+
+      If she will laugh, through thee, her chartered wit,
+        Use thou no ink wherewith to pen thy scoff:
+      We'll find a liquor for thy pen more fit--
+        We blood drops--see how smartly thou'lt round off
+      Point, pun and paragraph in this new way:
+      Till men shall read and laugh, and, laughing, say,
+      'Well thrust! _Punch_ is in vein: 'tis his red-letter day.'"
+
+      The weight sat on my quill: I could not write;
+        The red drops lustered to my pen--in vain;
+      I had my theme--"Brothers that meet in fight,
+        Yet shed no blood!"--my jesting mood turned pain.
+      I thought of all that civil love endears,
+      That civil strife breaks up and rends and sears,
+      And lo! the blood-drops in my pen were changed to tears!
+
+      And for the hoarse tongues that those bloody gouts
+        Had found, or seemed to find, upon my ears
+      Came up a gentle song in linkèd bouts,
+        Of long-drawn sweetness--pity breathed through tears.
+
+              And thus they sang--"'Twas not by chance,
+                Still less by fraud or fear,
+              That Sumter's battle came and closed,
+                Nor cost the world a tear."
+
+[Illustration: THE WILFUL BOY.
+JONATHAN. "I WILL FIGHT--I WILL HAVE A =NATIONAL DEBT=
+LIKE OTHER PEOPLE"]
+
+It was the Southern victory of Bull Run and the Northern policy of
+blockade that finally and definitely changed the attitude of England and
+of _Punch_. The victory gave hopes that the Confederates might be
+successful in overturning a hated and dreaded republic; the blockade
+aroused fears that the pocket of the British manufacturer might be
+damaged. All pretence of love for the negro was swallowed up by these
+more potent and more personal emotions.
+
+[Illustration: A LIKELY STORY.
+CAPTAIN JONATHAN, F.N. "JIST LOOK'D IN TO SEE IF
+THAR'S ANY REBELS HE-ARR."
+MR. BULL. "OH, INDEED!--JOHN! LOOK AFTER THE PLATE-BASKET,
+AND THEN FETCH A POLICEMAN."]
+
+On November 2, 1861, in a cartoon and an accompanying poem _Punch_
+sought to put its commercial anxiety on an altruistic plane. Here is the
+poem:
+
+
+
+
+      KING COTTON BOUND; OR, THE NEW PROMETHEUS.
+
+
+      Far across Atlantic waters
+        Groans in chains a Giant King;
+      Like to him, whom Ocean's daughters
+        Wail around in mournful ring,
+      In the grand old Grecian strains
+      Of PROMETHEUS in his chains!
+
+      Needs but Fancy's pencil pliant
+        Both to paint till both agree;
+      For King Cotton is a giant,
+        As PROMETHEUS claimed to be.
+      Each gave blessings unto men,
+      Each dishonour reaped again.
+
+      From the gods to sons of clay
+        If PROMETHEUS brought the flame,
+      Who King Cotton can gainsay,
+        Should he equal honour claim?
+      Fire and life to millions giving,
+      That, without him, had no living.
+
+      And if they are one in blessing,
+        So in suffering they are one;
+      Both, their captive state confessing,
+        Freeze in frost and scorch in sun:
+      That, upon his mountain chain,
+      This, upon his parching plain.
+
+      Nor the wild bird's self is wanting--
+        Either giant's torment sore;
+      If PROMETHEUS writhed, while panting
+        Heart and lungs the vulture tore,
+      So Columbia's eagle fierce,
+      Doth King Cotton's vitals pierce.
+
+      On those wings so widely sweeping
+        In its poise the bird to keep,
+      See, if you can see for weeping.
+        "North" and "South" are branded deep--
+      On the beak all reeking red,
+      On the talons blood-bespread!
+
+      But 'tis not so much the anguish
+        Of the wound that rends his side,
+      Makes this fettered giant languish,
+        As the thought how once, in pride,
+      That great eagle took its stand,
+      Gently on his giant hand!
+
+      How to it the meat he'd carry
+        In its mew to feed secure;
+      How he'd fling it on the quarry,
+        How recall it to the lure,
+      Make it stoop, to his caresses,
+      Hooded neck and jingling jesses.
+
+      And another thought is pressing,
+        Like hot iron on his brain--
+      Millions that would fain be blessing,
+        Ban, e'en now, King Cotton's name.
+      Oh, that here those hands are bound,
+      Which should scatter wealth around!
+
+      "Not this Eagle's screaming smothers
+        That sad sound across the sea--
+      Wailing babes and weeping mothers,
+        Wailing, weeping, wanting me.
+      Hands that I would fain employ,
+      Hearts that I would fill with joy!
+
+      "I must writhe--a giant fettered,--
+        While those millions peak and pine;
+      By my wealth their lot unbettered,
+        And their suffering worse than mine.
+      For they know that I would fain
+      Help their need, were't not my chain!
+
+      "But _I_ know not where to turn me
+        For relief from bonds and woe;
+      Frosts may pinch and suns may burn me,
+        But for rescue--none I know,
+      Save the millions I have fed,
+      Should they rise for lack of bread--
+
+      "Saying, 'We will brook no longer,
+        That King Cotton bound should be:
+      Be his gaolers strong, _we_'re stronger,
+        In our hunger o'er sea--
+      More for want, than love, uprisen,
+      We are come to break his prison!'
+
+      "Welcome even such releasing,
+        Fain my work I'd be about:
+      Soon would want and wail be ceasing,
+        Were King Cotton once let out--
+      Though all torn and faint and bleeding,
+      Millions still I've strength for feeding."
+
+[Illustration:
+LOOK OUT FOR SQUALLS.
+JACK BULL. "YOU DO WHAT'S RIGHT, MY SON,
+OR I'LL BLOW YOU OUT OF THE WATER."]
+
+Then came an episode which did for the moment set John Bull and _Punch_
+on a nobler basis. All during the Trent affair--when the United States
+was obviously wrong in arresting the Confederate Commissioners, Mason
+and Slidell, on board an English ship--the Tenniel cartoons rose to the
+higher level of just indignation.
+
+[Illustration: A BAD CASE OF THROWING STONES.
+_Mr Bull._ "NOW MIND YOU, SIR--NO SHUFFLING--AN AMPLE APOLOGY--OR
+I PUT THE MATTER INTO THE HANDS OF MY LAWYERS, MESSRS. WHITWORTH AND
+ARMSTRONG."]
+
+Even now, however, _Punch_ was unable or unwilling to see the
+magnanimity of Abraham Lincoln's apology for an error not his own.
+
+[Illustration: WAITING FOR AN ANSWER.]
+
+This was all the more unjust because _Punch_ was both able and willing
+to discriminate between the level-headed men of the North and the
+jingoes, as this extract will show.
+
+[Illustration: COLUMBIA'S FIX.
+COLUMBIA. "WHICH ANSWER SHALL I SEND?"]
+
+
+
+
+                   OUR DEAR BROTHER JONATHAN
+
+
+     This delightful ebullition of fervent brotherly love has most
+     fittingly appeared in a Philadelphia paper:--
+
+     "It may be, in view of all these grave considerations and the sad
+     necessities of the case, that, in order to avoid a war which could
+     only end in our discomfiture, the Administration may be compelled
+     to concede the demands of England, and perhaps release MESSRS.
+     MASON and SLIDELL. God forbid!--but in a crisis like this we must
+     adapt ourselves to stern circumstances, and yield every feeling of
+     pride to maintain our existence. If this contingency should ever
+     arise--and I am only speculating upon a disagreeable
+     possibility--then let us swear, not only to ourselves but our
+     children who come after us, to repay this greedy, insolent, and
+     cowardly Power with the retribution of a just and fearful
+     vengeance. If England in our time of distress makes herself our
+     foe, and offers to be our assassin, we will treat her as a foe when
+     we can do so untrammeled and unmenaced by another enemy."
+
+     "Greedy, insolent, and cowardly," these are nice fraternal terms;
+     and what a truly loving spirit is evinced by swearing "fearful
+     vengeance" upon the "assassin," and handing to posterity the
+     keeping of the oath!
+
+     No whit less affectionate in feeling is what follows:--
+
+     "If we do concede the demands of England, however, it will only be
+     because we desire to crush this rebellion, as a duty we owe to
+     mankind. It will be because we prefer to master the great evil, and
+     do not wish to be alienated from our duty by an international and
+     comparatively unimportant quarrel; it will be because we prefer
+     national salvation to the gratification of any feeling of national
+     pride. It will be a great act of self-denial. But when we come from
+     this rebellion it will be with a magnificent army, educated and
+     organised, and with the sense of this wrong weighing upon them. It
+     will be with a navy competent to meet any navy upon the globe. It
+     will be for us then to remember how England was our enemy in the
+     day of our misfortune, and to make that remembrance a dark and
+     fearful page of her history, and an eternal memory of our own."
+
+     That these are the opinions of most people in America nobody on
+     this side of the Atlantic will believe. But that there are roughs
+     and rowdies in the States, who as they have nothing they can lose
+     by war are always full of bluster and warlike in their talk, this
+     may any one in England very easily conceive. Of course it is to
+     please them that such stuff as we have quoted is stuck in Yankee
+     newspapers; and our sole surprise is that the journals which admit
+     it find it pays them so to do. The rowdies as a rule are not
+     overflushed with wealth and can ill afford to spend their coppers
+     upon literature, which, the chances are, they scarcely would know
+     how to read.
+
+[Illustration: BOXING DAY.
+MR PUNCH. "NOW THEN! WHICH END WILL YOU HAVE, JONATHAN?"]
+
+For the benefit of the American jingoes _Punch_ on December 7th, issued
+the following warning, with an appropriate cartoon:
+
+[Illustration: "UP A TREE."
+Colonel Bull and the Yankee 'Coon.
+'COON. "AIR YOU IN ARNEST, COLONEL?"
+COLONEL BULL. "I AM."
+'COON. "DON'T FIRE--I'LL COME DOWN."]
+
+
+
+
+      A WARNING TO JONATHAN;
+
+      OR, "DOTH HE WAG HIS TAIL?"
+
+
+      JONATHAN, JONATHAN, 'ware of the Lion:
+        He's patient, he's placable, slow to take fire:
+      There are tricks which in safety a puppy might try on,
+        But from dogs of his _own_ size they waken his ire.
+
+      With your bounce and your bunkum you've pelted him often,
+        Good humoured he laughed as the missiles flew by,
+      Hard words you've employed, which he ne'er bid you soften,
+        As knowing your tallest of talk all my eye.
+
+      When you blustered he still was content with pooh-poohing,
+        When you flared up he just let the shavings burn out:
+      He knew you were fonder of talking than doing,
+        And Lions for trifles don't put themselves out.
+
+      But beware how you tempt even leonine patience,
+        Or presume the old strength has forsaken his paw:
+      He's proud to admit you and he are relations,
+        But even relations may take too much law.
+
+      If there's one thing he values, 'tis right of asylum;
+        Safe who rests 'neath the guard of the Lion must be:
+      In that shelter the hard-hunted fugitive whilome
+        Must be able to sleep the deep sleep of the free.
+
+      Then think twice, and think well, ere from guard of the Lion
+        Those who seek his protection you try to withdraw:
+      Though STOWELL and WHEATEN and KENT you rely on,
+        There are points on which Lions won't listen to jaw.
+
+      Remember in time the old tale of the showman,
+        Who his head in the mouth of the Lion would sheath,
+      Till with lengthened impunity, bold as a Roman,
+        He seemed to forget that the Lion had teeth.
+
+      But the time came at last, when all risks madly scorning,
+        He went just too far down that road rough and red,
+      When, with only one wag of his tail for a warning,
+        Snap went Leo's jaws, and off went BARNUM'S head!
+
+[Illustration: NAUGHTY JONATHAN.
+MRS BRITANNIA. "THERE, JOHN! HE SAYS HE IS VERY SORRY,
+AND THAT HE DIDN'T MEAN TO DO IT--SO YOU CAN PUT THIS BACK INTO
+THE PICKLE-TUB."]
+
+This was followed up on December 14th, with one of Tenniel's finest
+cartoons, that entitled "Waiting for an Answer."
+
+[Illustration: OBERON AND TITANIA.
+OBERON (MR. PRESIDENT LINCOLN) "I DO BUT BEG A
+LITTLE =NIGGER= BOY, TO BE MY HENCHMAN."
+TITANIA (MISS VIRGINIA) "SET YOUR HEART AT REST,
+THE =NORTHERN= LAND BUYS NOT THE CHILD OF ME."]
+
+Two amusing bits of doggerel appeared in the same number, one
+representing the British nation's view of the international episode.
+
+    MRS. DURDEN ON THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY
+
+    "Them there nasty good-for-nothing Yankees!" cried old MRS. DURDEN,
+    "Worrits me to that degree, it makes my life almost a burden.
+    Board our mail and seize our passengers, the ribbles! Goodness, gracious!
+    Like their imperence to be sure; 'tis that what makes 'em so owdacious.
+
+    "What next now I wonder, Captain?" Answer CAPTAIN SKIPPER made,
+    "Well Ma'am, our next move, I fancy, will be breaking their blockade."
+    "Blockhead! Ah!" exclaimed the lady. "Truer word was never spoken.
+    Drat the blockheads, all says I; may every head on 'em be broken!"
+
+The other is a bit of broad fun, in mockery of the profuse volumes of
+smoke and sound which were emitted by Yankee fire-eaters.
+
+[Illustration: THE NEW ORLEANS PLUM.
+BIG LINCOLN HORNER,
+UP IN A CORNER,
+THINKING OF HUMBLE PIE;
+FOUND UNDER HIS THUMB,
+A NEW ORLEANS PLUM,
+AND SAID, WHAT A CUTE YANKEE AM I!]
+
+
+
+
+      A VOICE FROM WASHINGTON
+
+
+      _From our Special Correspondent_
+
+      We Yankees ain't given to brag;
+        JOHN BULL, we expect, has no notion
+      Of going to war; but his flag
+        If he does, we shall sweep from the ocean
+      And when the old vagabond lies
+        In a state of teetotal prostration,
+      Old Ireland in glory will rise,
+        Independence to win as a nation.
+
+      Our breadstuffs from England kept back,
+        The sequel must be destitution.
+      Her famishing millions, in lack
+        Of food, will force on revolution.
+      VICTORIA will have to retire;
+        Aristocracy, friends of Secession,
+      Will be hurled down, and trod in the mire;
+        No more for to practise oppression.
+
+      Rebellion we'll bring to an end,
+        The slaves 'mongst our heroes dividing,
+      Or arms to the niggers we'll lend,
+        To give their darned masters a hiding.
+      Work up all our cotton at home,
+        Let not one more bale be exported,
+      Have the world at our feet, like old Rome,
+        By the kings of the airth as was courted.
+
+      Want money? I reckon not we;
+        A national debt we'll create,
+      Twice as heavy as yourn, which will be,
+        For SAMSONS like we air, no weight.
+      On Government bonds we shall borrow
+        Any money in Europe with ease.
+      Why London and Paris, to-morrow
+        Will lend us as much as we please.
+
+      Foreign goods we shall purchase with paper,
+        Which let foreign usurers hold;
+      The British may swagger and vapour,
+        At home whilst we keep all our gold.
+      As BELMONT to SEWARD has written,
+        Any stock may in Europe be "placed,"
+      And the chance, if the ROTHSCHILDS ain't bitten,
+        Will be by the BARINGS embraced.
+
+      We've twice before whipped all creation,
+        We've now got to whip it again.
+      We air a remarkable nation
+        Of modest, but resolute men.
+      JOHN BULL, then, allow us to kick you,
+        And don't go resenting the act,
+      Or into a cocked hat we'll lick you,
+        Yes, Sir-ree, you old hoss, that's a fact.
+
+[Illustration: THE "SENSATION" STRUGGLE IN AMERICA.]
+
+The manly and tactful apology which represented the feeling of the
+better sort of folk in America, and which was wrung from a reluctant
+cabinet by Abraham Lincoln, softened for a moment the asperity of our
+old antagonist. The following rather amiable verses were written in
+anticipation of the amicable settlement which already (January 11,
+1862), seemed probable:
+
+[Illustration: THE LATEST FROM AMERICA;
+Or, the New York "Eye-Duster," to be taken Every Day.]
+
+
+
+
+           A FAIR OFFER FROM JOHN BULL TO MISS COLUMBIA
+
+
+      Shall we kiss and be friends? Why not? Sister COLUMBIA,
+        No more ugly faces let you and me pull;
+      Though we both have our tempers, our worries and troubles,
+        Let "bygones be bygones" for me, says JOHN BULL.
+
+      You must own that you've given me a deal of bad language,
+        And have been far too free with your bunkum and brag;
+      _That_ I'll pocket, if now, like a sensible woman,
+        You'll disclaim your friend WILKES, and salute the old flag.
+
+      Fools may sneer and call family feelings all humbug,
+        But I feel that one blood in the veins of us flows:
+      Our tongues are the same, though I don't like your fashion
+        Of talking, (as you'd make _me_ pay) through the nose.
+
+      We snarled and we scratched, in the days of our folly,
+        When you wanted to leave me and start for yourself;
+      To think of those times makes me quite melancholy----
+        The blood that we wasted----the temper and pelf!
+
+      When I vowed that I'd tame you, and make you knock under,
+        And you dared me and bit, like a vixen as well;
+      I did think by this time we had both seen our blunder;
+        Meant to live as good friends and in peace buy and sell.
+
+      But of late I can't think what the deuce has come o'er you:
+        First, you turn your own house out of window, and then,
+      Declare that _I_ want to o'erreach you and floor you,
+        Stop my ships, seize my passengers, bully my men!
+
+      I can stand a great deal from my own blood-relations,
+        And I know that your troubles your temper have soured;
+      But I can't take a blow, in the face of all nations,
+        And consent to see law by brute force overpowered.
+
+      Only own your friend WILKES is a blundering bully,
+        And make over MASON and SLIDELL to me,
+      And all that is past, I'll condone, fair and fully,
+        Kiss you now, and in future, I _do_ hope, agree!
+
+[Illustration: ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES ANOTHER.
+OLD ABE. "WHY I DU DECLARE IT'S MY DEAR OLD FRIEND SAMBO!
+COURSE YOU'LL FIGHT FOR US, SAMBO. LEND US A HAND, OLD HOSS, DU!"]
+
+Yet Lincoln, the peacemaker of the occasion, got little credit from
+_Punch_, which, indeed, began now to pursue him with unremitting
+invective.
+
+The gorilla-like caricature of Lincoln's features makes its first
+appearance in a cartoon wherein this repulsive face is joined to a
+raccoon's body.
+
+The "coon" is shown up a tree, Colonel Bull, standing below, has drawn a
+bead on him with his gun.
+
+"Air you in earnest, Colonel?" asks the coon.
+
+"I am," replies the mighty Bull.
+
+"Don't fire," says the coon, "I'll come down."
+
+[Illustration: "NOT UP TO TIME;"
+Or, Interference would be very Welcome.]
+
+Even Lincoln's proclamation emancipating the slaves in the seceding
+states did not soften the asperity of the old-time anti-slavery
+advocate. _Punch_ feigned to see in this message only the ruse of a wily
+combatant driven to a last resource. This idea is put into a quatrain,
+as follows:
+
+
+
+
+            THE AMERICAN CHESS-PLAYERS
+
+
+      Although of conquest Yankee North despairs,
+        His brain for some expedient wild he racks,
+      And thinks that having failed on the white squares,
+        He can't do worse by moving on the Blacks.
+
+[Illustration: LINCOLN'S TWO DIFFICULTIES.
+LIN. "WHAT? NO MONEY! NO MEN!"]
+
+Under the heading "One Good Turn Deserves Another," Old Abe is shown
+extending musket, sword and knapsack to a negro who refuses to be
+cajoled by his honeyed words.
+
+[Illustration: MORE FREE THAN WELCOME--A PROSPECTIVE FIX.
+_Nigger._ "NOW DEN, MASSA JONATHAN, WHAT YOU GOIN' TO DO
+WID DIS CHILD? EH?"]
+
+"Why I do declare," says Abe, "it's my dear old friend, Sambo! Course
+you'll fight for us, Sambo. Lend us a hand, old hoss, do."
+
+[Illustration: THE OVERDUE BILL.
+MR. SOUTH TO MR. NORTH. "YOUR 'NINETY DAYS' PROMISSORY NOTE
+ISN'T TAKEN UP YET, SIRREE!"]
+
+The same jibe finds vent in the following poems:
+
+
+
+
+      ABE'S LAST CARD; OR, ROUGE-ET-NOIR
+
+
+      Brag's our game: and awful losers
+        We've been on the _Red_.
+      Under and above the table,
+        Awfully we've bled.
+      Ne'er a stake have we adventured,
+        But we've lost it still,
+      From Bull's Run and mad Manassas,
+        Down to Sharpsburg Hill.
+
+      When luck's desperate, desperate venture
+        Still may bring it back:
+      So I'll chance it--neck or nothing--
+        Here I lead THE BLACK!
+      If I win, the South must pay for't,
+        Pay in fire and gore:
+      If I lose, I'm ne'er a dollar
+        Worse off than before.
+
+      From the Slaves of Southern rebels
+        Thus I strike the chain:
+      But the slaves of loyal owners
+        Still shall slaves remain.
+      If their owners like to wop 'em,
+        They to wop are masters;
+      Or if they prefer to swop 'em,
+        Here are our shin-plasters!
+
+      There! If that 'ere Proclamation
+        Does its holy work,
+      Rebeldom's annihilation
+        It did oughter work:
+      Back to Union, and you're welcome
+        Each to wop his nigger:
+      If not, at White let slip darky--
+        Guess I call that vigour!
+
+[Illustration: ABE LINCOLN'S LAST CARD; OR, ROUGE-ET-NOIR.]
+
+In September, 1862, the two combatants are represented as sinking
+exhausted into the arms of negro backers, who are vainly attempting to
+put them on their feet. In the background stands a self-important eagle
+arrayed in the Napoleonic uniform and a biped lion dressed in a sack
+coat and an air of conscious superiority.
+
+[Illustration: LATEST FROM SPIRIT-LAND.
+GHOST OF KING GEORGE III. "WELL, MR. WASHINGTON, WHAT DO YOU
+THINK OF YOUR FINE REPUBLIC NOW, EH?--WHAT D'YE THINK? WHAT D'YE THINK,
+EH?" GHOST OF MR. WASHINGTON. "HUMPH!"]
+
+Says the eagle to the lion, "Don't you think we ought to fetch the
+police?"
+
+The legend under the cartoon runs, "Not Up to Time, or Interference
+Would Be Very Welcome."
+
+[Illustration: SCENE FROM THE AMERICAN "TEMPEST."
+CALIBAN (SAMBO). "_YOU_ BEAT HIM 'NOUGH, MASSA!
+BERRY LITTLE TIME, I'LL _BEAT HIM TOO_."--SHAKSPEARE.
+(_Nigger Translation._)]
+
+In the following January comes a well imagined cartoon entitled "The
+Latest From Spirit Land," showing the bluff and kindly ghost of George
+III trying to enter into conversation with the stiffly stupid ghost of
+Mr. Washington. "Well, Mr. Washington," says George, "what do you think
+of your fine republic now, eh? What d'ye think? What d'ye think, eh?" To
+which Mr. Washington retorts with an inarticulate "Humph!"
+
+In May of 1863 a cartoon entitled "The Great Cannon Game" shows Abe
+Lincoln playing billiards with Jeff Davis. It is the latter's shot.
+
+"Hurrah for Charleston!" he cries; "that's another to me."
+
+Abe Lincoln mutters in an aside, "Darned if he ain't scored ag'in! I
+wish I could make a few winning hazards for a change."
+
+[Illustration: "BEWARE!"
+KEEPER. "HE AIN'T ASLEEP, YOUNG JONATHAN, SO YOU'D BEST NOT IRRITATE HIM".]
+
+An accompanying article entitled "The Great American Billiard Match" is
+amusing enough when read to-day in the light of the great "winning
+hazards" that were to be made by Abe within less than sixty days.
+
+     "Considerable excitement," it runs, "has been caused in sporting
+     circles by this long protracted match, which, owing to the style of
+     play adopted by the parties, appears to make but very little
+     progress toward a finish. The largeness of the stakes depending on
+     the contest might be supposed to make the players careful in their
+     strokes, but few expected that the game would last so long as it
+     has done, and no one now dare prophesy when it will be finished. It
+     having been resolved to play the cannon game, some anxiety at first
+     was not unreasonably felt among the backers of Jeff Davis, the
+     crack player for the South; but the knowing ones, who knew their
+     man, made no attempt to hedge, notwithstanding what was said about
+     his being out of play and, in the cannon game especially, somewhat
+     overmatched. It is needless to remark here that the first strokes
+     which he made quite justified their confidence, and, indeed,
+     throughout the game he has done nothing yet to shake it, so that if
+     he have but a fair amount of luck, his backers feel assured that he
+     won't easily be beaten, and an extra fluke or two might make him
+     win the match.
+
+     "As for old Abe Lincoln, the champion player of the North, his
+     backers, we believe, are as confident as ever that he is the best
+     man, although at times his play has not appeared to prove it. There
+     is no doubt that he has more strength at his command, but strength
+     is of small use without knowing how to use it. Abe Lincoln may have
+     skill, but he has not yet shown much of it; and certainly he more
+     than once has shown himself outgeneralled. His backers say he
+     purposely is playing a slow game, just to draw out his opponent and
+     see what he can do. In ninety days, they say, he is cocksure of a
+     victory, but this is an old boast, and nobody except themselves now
+     places any faith in it. Abe's famous Bull Run stroke was a bad
+     start to begin with, and his Charleston break has ended in his
+     having to screw back, and thus slip into balk to save himself from
+     mischief.
+
+     How the game will end we won't pretend to prophesy. There are
+     plenty of good judges, who still appear inclined to bet in favor of
+     the South and longish odds are offered that the game will be a
+     drawn one. Abe's attempt to pot the niggers some put down as a foul
+     stroke, but whether foul or not, it added little to his score. Upon
+     the whole we think his play has not been much admired, although his
+     backers have been vehement in superlatively praising it. There is
+     more sympathy for the South, as being the weaker side--a fact which
+     Jeff's supporters indignantly deny, and which certainly the North
+     has not done much as yet toward proving. Without ourselves
+     inclining one way or the other, we may express a neutral hope that
+     the best player may win; and we certainly shall echo the desire of
+     all who watch the game if we add that the sooner it is now played
+     out the better."
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT "CANNON GAME."
+ABE LINCOLN (ASIDE). "DARN'D IF HE AIN'T SCORED AG'IN!--WISH
+I COULD MAKE A FEW _WINNING_ HAZARDS FOR A CHANGE."]
+
+The boasted "neutrality" was put to a rather severe test when, in less
+than "ninety days," the victory of which Abe's backers were "cock sure"
+proved a double barrelled one at Vicksburg, in Mississippi, and at
+Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania. The news of these tremendous events set all
+the Federal States of America shouting with triumph on the succeeding
+Fourth of July. There were no international cables in those days.
+Consequently it was not until two weeks later that the news reached
+England.
+
+In the interim, on that very July 4, certain Northern Americans in
+London, all unconscious of what had happened, celebrated their national
+anniversary almost in earshot of the _Punch_ office to the great disgust
+of the gentlemen on its staff.
+
+[Illustration: "ROWDY" NOTIONS OF EMANCIPATION.
+"The mob on the corner, below my house, had hung up a negro to the
+lamp-post. In mockery, a cigar was placed in his mouth. * * * For
+hours these scared negroes poured up Twenty-seventh Street, passing
+my house. * * * One old negro, 70 years old, blind as a bat, and
+such a cripple that he could hardly move, was led along by his
+equally aged wife with a few rags they had saved, trembling with
+fright, and not knowing where to go."--MANHATTAN'S _Letter in the
+Standard, July 30th._]
+
+     "There is something peculiarly graceful," [snarls Punch in the
+     issue for July 18th], "in celebrating Independence Day in London.
+     'The Britishers whipped all the world and we whipped the
+     Britishers,' used to be the established formula of Yankee
+     self-glorification. It is the Yankees' belief that they
+     accomplished their secession from England by simple conquest;
+     triumphant superiority in arms. To hold the anniversary of
+     successful insurrection, not to say rebellion, in the very den of
+     the British lion, treading on his tail and gently poking him with a
+     playful boot tip, is to compliment that noble animal with credit
+     for some magnanimity. The British residents in Paris would hardly
+     have the confiding generosity and the taste in like manner to
+     celebrate the return day of the Battle of Waterloo in the French
+     capital.
+
+     "We pause here to ask whether the Confederates do not, as they
+     reasonably may, repeat the Yankee boast above quoted with brag
+     additional? Have they not begun to say, 'The Britishers whipped all
+     the world, the Yankees whipped the Britishers and we whipped the
+     Yankees'? Not yet, perhaps. Averse to indulgence in premature
+     exultation, they may reserve that saying for Independence Day No.
+     2."
+
+In conclusion _Punch_ makes this comment on the fact that in honor of
+the anniversary the flag of the United States had been hoisted on the
+summit of certain buildings, "Shouldn't it have been hoisted halfmast
+high?"
+
+The answer came in the form of a thunderous negative with the next mail
+from America.
+
+[Illustration: BRUTUS AND CÆSAR.
+(From the American Edition of Shakspeare.)
+_The Tent of_ BRUTUS (LINCOLN). _Night. Enter the
+Ghost of_ CÆSAR.
+_Brutus._ Wall, now! Do tell! Who's you?
+_Cæsar._ I am dy ebil genus, massa LINKING.
+Dis child am awful Inimpressional.]
+
+Thereafter _Punch_ lost his supreme interest in the great Civil War. He
+made no allusions to Gettysburg or to Vicksburg. The "neutral hope" was
+painfully dampened by Northern triumphs. His commercial sympathy was all
+with the losing side. The wish was father to the not very neutral
+thought that the negro might prove the undoing of his Northern allies.
+On August 15 appeared a cartoon entitled "Brutus and Cæsar, from the
+American Edition of Shakespeare." To the tent of Brutus (Lincoln) enters
+at night the ghost of Cæsar, a black spectre. This colloquy occurs:--
+
+     Brutus--Wall, now, do tell! Who's you?
+
+     Cæsar--I am dy ebil genius, massa LINKING. Dis child am awful
+     Inimpressional.
+
+[Illustration: THE BLACK CONSCRIPTION.
+"WHEN BLACK MEETS BLACK THEN COMES THE END (?) OF WAR."]
+
+In October appeared a cartoon headed with unconscious satire, "John
+Bull's Neutrality." John Bull standing with his arms akimbo in the
+doorway of his shop is glaring defiantly at two bad boys, clad
+respectively in federal and in confederate uniforms, who slink away
+before his glance and drop the stones they were preparing to hurl at his
+windows.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN BULL'S NEUTRALITY.
+"LOOK HERE, BOYS, I DON'T CARE TWOPENCE FOR YOUR NOISE, BUT IF YOU
+THROW STONES AT MY WINDOWS, I MUST _THRASH YOU BOTH_."]
+
+"Look here, boys," says John, "I don't care twopence for your noise, but
+if you throw stones at my windows I must thrash you both."
+
+The same moral is enforced in the following poem:--
+
+      MR. BULL TO HIS AMERICAN BULLIES
+
+      Hoy, I say you two there, kicking
+        Up that row before my shop!
+      Do you want a good sound licking
+        Both? If not, you'd better stop.
+      Peg away at one another,
+        If you choose such fools to be:
+      But leave me alone; don't bother,
+        Bullyrag and worry me!
+
+      Into your confounded quarrel!
+        Let myself be dragged I'll not
+      By you, fighting for a Merrill
+        Tariff; or your slavery lot.
+      What I want to do with either
+        Is impartially to trade:
+      Nonsense I will stand from neither
+        Past the bounds of gasconade.
+
+      You North, roaring, raving, yelling,
+        Hold your jaw, you booby, do;
+      What, d'ye threaten me for selling
+        Arms to South, as well as you?
+      South, at me don't bawl and bellow,
+        That won't make me take your part;
+      So you just be off, young fellow:
+        Now, you noisy chap, too, start!
+
+      To be called names 'tis unpleasant;
+        Words, however, break no bones:
+      I control myself at present;
+        But beware of throwing stones!
+      I won't have my windows broken,
+        Mind, you brawlers, what I say,
+      See this stick, a striking token;
+        Cut your own, or civil stay.
+
+In a succeeding cartoon _Punch_ called for a separation between the
+fighters, for now, said he, "dis-union is strength." Another cartoon
+hails the fraternization--reported to have taken place between negroes
+bearing the flags of the rival armies--with the epigram "When black
+meets black then comes the end of war."
+
+[Illustration: SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS, OR THE MODERN ULYSSES.]
+
+Henry Ward Beecher's visit to England, in the autumn of 1863, is
+celebrated by a cartoon and by a poem in which due praise is given to
+the vigor of his oratory and to the excellence of his intentions.
+
+
+
+
+               BRITISHER TO BEECHER
+
+
+      Alas! what a pity it is, PARSON BEECHER,
+        That you came not at once when Secession broke out,
+      As ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S Apostle, a preacher
+        Of the Union; a gospel which Englishmen doubt;
+            For that Union, you see,
+            Was a limb of our tree:
+        Its own branches to break themselves off are as free.
+
+      Still, BEECHER, if you had been only sent hither,
+        When at first the Palmetto flag flouted the sky,
+      Commissioned foul slavery's faction to wither,
+        And this nation invoke to be Freedom's ally,
+            With your eloquent art
+            You had won England's heart;
+        We were fully disposed towards taking your part.
+
+      Instead of a Reverend BEECHER, appealing
+        To our conscience, in Liberty's name, for the right,
+      We heard a cool scoundrel advise in the stealing
+        Of BRITANNIA'S domains, North and South to unite;
+            And your papers were full
+            Of abuse of JOHN BULL;
+        Whilst he bore the blockade which withheld cotton wool.
+
+      Malevolence, taking our ill-will for granted,
+        Has reviled us, pursued us with bluster and threat,
+      Supposing itself the remembrance had planted
+        In our bosom of wrongs which we couldn't forget,
+            And should take, in its case
+            Of misfortune, as base
+      A revenge as itself would have ta'en in our place.
+
+      Tirades against England, with menace of slaughter,
+        Never yet have your SUMNERS, and such, ceased to pour,
+      Your bards talk of blowing us out of the water,
+        And threaten to "punish JOHN BULL at his door."
+            Now this isn't the way
+            To make Englishmen pray
+        That the Yankees may finish by gaining the day.
+
+      An afterthought only is "Justice to Niggers;"
+        'Tis a cry which those Yankees raised not till they found
+      That they for a long time had been pulling triggers,
+        At their slaveholding brothers, and gained little ground.
+            First ABE LINCOLN gave out
+            That he'd fain bring about,
+        The Re-union with slavery too, or without.
+
+      So don't waste your words in attempts at persuasion,
+        Which impose on no Britain alive but a fool,
+      But husband your breath for another occasion,
+        That is, BEECHER, keep it your porridge to cool.
+            "Strictly neutral will I
+            Still remain standing by."
+        Says BRITANNIA: "D'ye see any green in my eye?"
+
+[Illustration: THE STORM-SIGNAL.
+We know not whence the storm may come,
+ But its coming's in the air,
+And this is the warning of the drum,
+  Against the storm, PREPARE!]
+
+Later, _Punch_ published this:
+
+
+
+
+                      ADIEU TO MR. BEECHER
+
+
+     MR. BEECHER has left us; he has sailed for America, where he can
+     tell his congregation just what he likes, but where he will, we are
+     sure, tell MESSRS. LINCOLN and SEWARD the exact truth, namely that
+     large numbers of the uneducated classes crowded to hear a
+     celebrated orator, and that the press has been very good-natured to
+     him. Also, we hope he will say, because he knows it, that the
+     educated classes are at the present date just as Neutral in the
+     matter of the American quarrel as they were before the reverend
+     gentleman's arrival. Having duly stated these facts to the
+     PRESIDENT and the Minister, MR. BEECHER may put them in any form he
+     pleases before the delightful congregation, whose members pay £40
+     a-year, each, for pews. And to show that we part with him in all
+     good nature, we immortalise his witty allusion to ourselves in his
+     farewell speech:--
+
+     "I know my friend _Punch_ thinks I have been serving out 'soothing
+     syrup' to the British Lion. (_Laughter._) Very properly the picture
+     represents me as putting a spoon into the lion's ear instead of his
+     mouth; and I don't wonder that the great brute turns away very
+     sternly from that plan of feeding." (_Renewed Laughter._)
+
+     A gentler criticism upon us could not be, and we scorn to retort
+     that, having a respect for anatomy, we did not make the lion's ear
+     large enough to hold the other spoon depicted in that magnificent
+     engraving. For the REVEREND BEECHER is not a spoon, whatever we may
+     think of his audiences in England. And so we wish him good-bye, and
+     plenty of greenbacks and green believers.
+
+[Illustration: EXTREMES MEET.
+_Abe._ Imperial son of NICHOLAS the Great,
+We air in the same fix, I calculate,
+You with your Poles, with Southern rebels I,
+Who spurn my rule and my revenge defy.
+_Alex._ Vengeance is mine, old man; see where it falls,
+Behold yon hearths laid waste, and ruined walls,
+Yon gibbets, where the struggling patriot hangs,
+Whilst my brave myrmidons enjoy his pangs.]
+
+The re-election of Abraham Lincoln, in November, 1864, called forth a
+grotesque and unpleasant caricature of Lincoln as the "Federal Ph[oe]nix."
+It was accompanied by these verses:
+
+
+
+
+                 THE FEDERAL PH[OE]NIX
+
+
+      When HERODOTUS, surnamed "The Father of History"
+        (We are not informed who was History's mother),
+      Went a travelling to Egypt, that region of mystery,
+        Where each step presented some marvel or other,
+
+      In a great city there, called (in Greek) Heliopolis,
+        The priests put him up to a strange story--rather--
+      Of a bird, who came up to that priestly metropolis,
+        Once in five hundred years, to inter its own father.
+
+      When to filial feeling apparently callous,
+        Not a plume ruffled (as _we_ should say, not a hair rent),
+      In a _pot-pourri_ made of sweet-spice, myrrh, and aloes,
+        He flagrantly, burnt, after burying, his parent.
+
+      But POMPONIUS MELA has managed to gather
+        Of this curious story a modified version,
+      In which the bird burns up itself, not its father,
+        And soars to new life from its fiery immersion.
+
+      This bird has oft figured in emblems and prophecies--
+        And though SNYDERS ne'er painted its picture, nor WEENIX
+      Its portraits on plates of a well-known fire-office is,
+        Which, after this bird's name, is christened the Ph[oe]nix.
+
+      Henceforth a new Ph[oe]nix, from o'er the Atlantic,
+        Our old fire-office friend from his brass-plate displaces;
+      With a plumage of greenbacks, all ruffled, and antic
+        In OLD ABE'S rueful phiz and OLD ABE'S shambling graces.
+
+      As the bird of Arabia wrought resurrection
+        By a flame all whose virtues grew out of what fed it,
+      So the Federal Ph[oe]nix has earned re-election
+        By a holocaust huge of rights, commerce, and credit.
+
+[Illustration: "BEECHER'S AMERICAN SOOTHING SYRUP."
+"If I have said anything against England, I'll stick to it.
+ * * * When I look not to the sentiments of popular assemblies,
+but to such significant acts as the detention of those Rams at
+Liverpool (_cheers_); when I look to such weighty words
+as those spoken by EARL RUSSELL at Glasgow, and by
+the Attorney General at Richmond * * * I feel that the two
+nations are still one in the cause of civilisation, of religion,
+and I trust we shall continue to be one in international policy,
+and one in every enterprise."--_Rev. Ward Beecher at Exeter Hall._]
+
+On December 10th, _Punch_ published this brutal burlesque anticipation
+of that noble speech made by President Lincoln at his second
+Inauguration, which has now taken its due rank among the great
+masterpieces of forensic English:
+
+
+
+
+           PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL SPEECH
+
+               _(By Ultramarine Telegraph)_
+
+
+Well, we've done it, gentlemen. Bully for us. Cowhided the Copperheads
+considerable. _Non nobis_, of course, but still I reckon we have had a
+hand in the glory, some. That reminds me of the Old World story about
+the Hand of Glory, which I take to have been the limb of a gentleman who
+had been justified on the gallows, and which the witches turned into a
+patent moderator lamp, as would lead a burglar safe into any domicile
+which he might wish to plunder. We ain't burglars, quite t'other, but I
+fancy that if ULY GRANT could get hold of that kind and description of
+thing to help him into Richmond, he'd not be so un-Christian proud as to
+refuse the hand of a malefactor. (_Right, right!_) Well, right or left
+hand, that's no odds, gentlemen. (_Laughter._) Now I am sovereign of the
+sovereign people of this great and united republic for four years next
+ensuing the date hereof, as I used to say when I was a lawyer. (_You
+are! Bully for you!_) Yes, gentlemen, but you must do something more
+than bully for me, you must fight for me, if you please, and whether you
+please or not. As the old joke says, there's no compulsion, only you
+must. Must is for the King, they say in the rotten Old world. Well, I'm
+King, and you shall be Viceroys over me. But I tell you again, and in
+fact I repeat it, that there's man's work to do to beat these rebels.
+They _may_ run away, no doubt. As the Irishman says, pigs may fly, but
+they're darned onlikely birds to do it. They must be well whipped,
+gentlemen, and I must trouble you for the whipcord. (_You shall have
+it!_) Rebellion is a wicked thing, gentlemen, an awful wicked thing, and
+the mere nomenclating thereof would make my hair stand on end, if it
+could be more standonender than it is. (_Laughter._) Truly awful, that
+is when it is performed against mild, free, constitutional sway like
+that of the White House, but of course right and glorious when
+perpetrated against ferocious, cruel, bloodthirsty old tyrants like
+GEORGE THE THIRD. We must punish these rebels for their own good, and to
+teach them the blessings of this mighty and transcendental Union. (_We
+will, we will!_) All very tall talking, gentlemen, but talking won't
+take Richmond. If it would, and there had been six Richmonds in the
+field, we should long since have took them all. If Richmond would fall
+like Jericho, by every man blowing of his own trumpet, we've brass
+enough in our band for that little feat in acoustics. But when a cow
+sticks, as GRANT does, in the mud, how then? (_Great laughter._)
+Incontestably, gentlemen, this great and mighty nation must give her a
+shove on. Shove for Richmond, gentlemen. (_That's the talk!_) Now about
+these eternal blacks, you expect me to say something touching them,
+though I suppose we're none of us too fond of touching them, for reasons
+in that case made and provided, as I used to say. Well, listen. We've
+got them on our hands, that's a fact, and it reminds me of a nigger
+story. Two of these blacks met, and one had a fine new hat. "Where you
+got dat hat, SAMBO?" says t'other. "Out ob a shop, nigger," says SAMBO.
+"'Spex so," says t'other, "and what might be the price ob dat hat?"
+"Can't say, zactly, nigger, the shopkeeper didn't happen to be on the
+premises." (_Laughter._) Well, we've got the niggers, and I can't
+exactly say--or at least I don't think you'd like to hear--what might be
+the price of those articles. But we must utilise our hats, gentlemen. We
+must make them dig and fight, that's a fact.
+
+There's no shame in digging, I suppose. Adam digged, and he is a
+gentleman of older line than any of the bloated and slavish
+aristocracies of Europe. And as for fighting, they must feel honoured at
+doing that for the glorious old flag that has braved for eighty-nine
+years and a-half, be the same little more or less, the battle and the
+breeze. (_Cheers._) Yes, and when the rebellion's put down, we'll see
+what's to be done with them. Perhaps if the naughty boys down South get
+uncommon contrite hearts, we may make them a little present of the
+blacks, not as slaves, of course, but as legal apprentices with
+undefined salaries determinable on misconduct. (_Cheers._) Meantime,
+gentlemen, I won't deny that the niggers are useful in the way of moral
+support. They give this here war a holy character, and we can call it a
+crusade for freedom. A man may call his house an island if he likes, as
+has been said by one of those fiendish British writers who abuse our
+hospitality by not cracking us up. (_War with England!_) Well, all in
+good time, gentlemen. Let our generals learn their business first. I
+don't blame them, mind you, that they haven't learned it yet, for when a
+man has kept a whiskey-store, or a bar, or an oyster-cellar, or an
+old-clothes' shop for years, he can't be expected, merely because he
+puts on a uniform, to become a Hannibal or a Napoleon, or even a
+Marlborough or a Wellington. Likewise, they must learn to keep
+reasonable sober. Friends at a distance will please accept this
+intimation. (_Roars of Laughter._) When that's done, and the rebels are
+whipped, and we are in want of more fighting, we'll see whether
+Richmond in England, where the QUEEN'S palace of Windsor Castle is
+situate lying and being, is a harder nut to crack than Richmond nearer
+us. (_Cheers._) Gentlemen, one thing more. Did you ever hear the story
+of the farmer who had been insulted by an exciseman? "He wur so rude,"
+said the farmer, "that I wur obliged to remonstrate with him." "And to
+what effect did you remonstrate?" asked a friend. "Well I don't know
+about effect, but I bent the poker so that I was obliged to get a hammer
+to straighten it." Gentlemen, we must straighten this glorious Union,
+and the hammer is taxes. (_Laughter._) You may laugh, but you must pay.
+I don't mean to be hard upon this mighty nation, and our friend MR.
+COBDEN (_cheers_) has already indirectly informed the besotted masses of
+British slaves that we intend to repudiate our greenbacks, except to the
+amount they may be worth in the market when redeemed. But the poker
+wants a deal of hammering, nevertheless, and you must pay up. You'll
+hear more about this from a friend of mine in the Government, so I only
+give you the hint, as the man said when he kicked his uncle down-stairs.
+(_Laughter._) I believe that's about all I had to say, and this almighty
+Union will be conserved to shine through the countless ages an ineffable
+beacon and symbol of blessed and everlasting light and glory if you will
+only mind the proverb of Sancho Panza, which says, "Pray to God
+devoutly, and hammer on stoutly." (_Laughter, cheers, and cries of
+"Bully for you!"_)
+
+[Illustration: "HOLDING A CANDLE TO THE *****" (MUCH THE SAME THING.])
+
+On April 15, 1865, came a cartoon, a really superb one, which is
+sometimes reckoned Tenniel's masterpiece, entitled "Habet!" It
+represents the combatants as gladiators before the enthroned and
+imperial negroes ("Ave Cæsar!").
+
+[Illustration: NEUTRALITY.
+MRS. NORTH. "HOW ABOUT THE _ALABAMA_ YOU WICKED OLD MAN?"
+MRS. SOUTH. "WHERE'S MY RAMS? TAKE BACK YOUR PRECIOUS
+CONSULS--THERE!!!"]
+
+But in sentiment at least a nobler was to come, the affecting picture of
+Britannia's tribute and _Punch's_ amende, called simply "Abraham
+Lincoln, foully assassinated April 14, 1865."
+
+[Illustration: SOMETHING FOR PADDY.
+O'CONNELL'S STATUE (LOQ). "IT'S A _REPALER_ YE CALL
+YOURSELF, YE SPALPEEN, AND YOU'RE GOIN' TO DIE FOR THE _UNION_."]
+
+The accompanying verses, by Tom Taylor, not, as has sometimes been
+asserted, by Shirley Brooks, were a complete recantation for former
+misunderstanding and wrongdoing. They will bear quoting again:--
+
+[Illustration: VERY PROBABLE.
+LORD PUNCH. "THAT WAS JEFF DAVIS, PAM! DON'T YOU RECOGNISE HIM?"
+LORD PAM. "HM! WELL, NOT EXACTLY--MAY HAVE TO DO SO SOME OF THESE DAYS."]
+
+
+
+
+                  ABRAHAM LINCOLN
+
+        _Foully Assassinated April, 14, 1865_
+
+
+      You lay a wreath on murdered Lincoln's bier,
+        You, who with mocking pencil wont to trace
+      Broad for the self-complacent British sneer
+        His length of shambling limb, his furrowed face,
+
+      His gaunt, gnarled hands, his unkempt, bristling hair,
+        His garb uncouth, his bearing ill at ease;
+      His lack of all we prize as debonair,
+        Of power or will to shine, of art to please.
+
+      You, whose smart pen backed up the pencil's laugh,
+        Judging each step, as though the way were plain;
+      Reckless, so it could point its paragraph
+        Of chief's perplexity or people's pain.
+
+      Beside this corps, that beats for winding sheet
+        The Stars and Stripes he lived to rear anew,
+      Between the mourners at his head and feet,
+        Say, scurril-jester, is there room for you?
+
+      Yes, he had lived to shame me from my sneer,
+        To lame my pencil, and confute my pen--
+      To make me own this hind of princes peer,
+        This rail-splitter a true-born king of men.
+
+      My shallow judgment I had learnt to rue,
+        Noting how to occasion's height he rose,
+      How his quaint wit made home-truth seem more true,
+        How, iron-like, his temper grew by blows.
+
+      How humble yet how hopeful he could be;
+        How in good fortune and in ill the same;
+      Nor bitter in success, nor boastful he,
+        Thirsty for gold, nor feverish for fame.
+
+      He went about his work--such work as few
+        Ever had laid on head and heart and hand--
+      As one who knows where there's a task to do
+        Man's honest will must heaven's good grace command:
+
+      Who trusts the strength will with the burden grow,
+        That God makes instruments to work his will,
+      If but that will we can arrive to know,
+        Nor tamper with the weights of good and ill.
+
+      So he went forth to battle on the side
+        That he felt clear was liberty's and right's,
+      As in his peasant boyhood he had plied
+        His warfare with rude nature's thwarting mights--
+
+      The uncleared forest, the unbroken soil,
+        The iron back, that turns the lumberer's axe;
+      The rapid, that o'erbears the boatman's toil,
+        The prairie, hiding the mazed wanderer's tracks,
+
+      The ambushed Indian, and the prowling bear--
+        Such were the needs that helped his youth to train:
+      Rough culture--but such trees large fruit may bear
+        If but their stocks be of right girth and grain.
+
+      So he grew up, a destined work to do,
+        And lived to do it; four long-suffering years'
+      Ill-fate, ill-feeling, ill-report lived through,
+        And then he heard the hisses change to cheers,
+
+      The taunts to tribute, the abuse to praise,
+        And took both with the same unwavering mood:
+      Till, as he came on light from darkling days
+        And seemed to touch the goal from where he stood,
+
+      A felon hand, between the goal and him,
+        Reached from behind his back, a trigger prest--
+      And those perplexed and patient eyes were dim,
+        Those gaunt, long-laboring limbs were laid to rest.
+
+      The words of mercy were upon his lips,
+        Forgiveness in his heart and on his pen,
+      When this vile murderer brought swift eclipse
+        To thoughts of peace on earth, good will to men.
+
+      The Old World and the New, from sea to sea,
+        Utter one voice of sympathy and shame!
+      Sore heart, so stopped when it at last beat high,
+        Sad life, cut short just as its triumph came.
+
+      A deed accurst! Strokes have been struck before
+        By the assassin's hand, whereof men doubt
+      If more of horror or disgrace they bore;
+        But thy foul crime, like Cain's, stands darkly out.
+
+      Vile hand, that brandest murder on a strife,
+        Whate'er its grounds, stoutly and nobly striven;
+      And with the martyr's crown crownest a life
+        With much to praise, little to be forgiven!
+
+[Illustration: MRS. NORTH AND HER ATTORNEY.
+MRS. NORTH. "YOU SEE, MR. LINCOLN, WE HAVE FAILED UTTERLY IN
+OUR COURSE OF ACTION; I WANT PEACE, AND SO, IF YOU CANNOT
+EFFECT AN AMICABLE ARRANGEMENT, I MUST PUT THE CASE INTO OTHER HANDS."]
+
+From that time forward _Punch_ took seriously to heart the lesson he had
+taught himself, and his relations with Brother Jonathan were thereafter
+of a very different and a far more cordial kind.
+
+[Illustration:
+COLUMBIA'S SEWING-MACHINE. MRS. BRITANNIA. "AH, MY DEAR COLUMBIA, IT'S
+ALL VERY WELL; BUT I'M AFRAID YOU'LL FIND IT DIFFICULT TO JOIN _THAT_
+NEATLY."]
+
+That these verses made a profound impression in the United States is
+undoubted. It has even been opined that they were largely instrumental
+in preventing an imminent war between Great Britain and the United
+States.
+
+[Illustration: THE BLACK DRAFT.]
+
+Perhaps the effect would have been less if we on this side had known how
+grudgingly the amende was offered. Mr. A. H. Layard in his recent "Life
+of Shirley Brooks" has invited us to take a peep behind the _Punch_
+curtain. He shows that the editorial staff of the paper was divided in
+the matter, Shirley Brooks leading the opposition against the
+publication of the poem. In Brooks' diary Mr. Layard discovered the
+following entry:--
+
+"Dined _Punch_. All there. Let out my views against some verses on
+Lincoln in which T. T. (Tom Taylor) had not only made P. eat humble pie,
+but swallow dish and all."
+
+[Illustration: THE FEDERAL PH[OE]NIX.]
+
+[Illustration: GRAND TRANSFORMATION SCENE FOR THE END OF THE YEAR 1864.]
+
+[Illustration: THE THREATENING NOTICE.
+ATTORNEY LINCOLN. "NOW UNCLE SAM, YOU'RE IN A DARNED HURRY TO
+SERVE THIS HERE NOTICE ON JOHN BULL. NOW, IT'S MY DUTY, AS YOUR
+ATTORNEY, TO TELL YOU THAT YOU _MAY_ DRIVE HIM TO GO OVER TO
+THAT CUSS, DAVIS----" (_Uncle Sam Considers._)]
+
+[Illustration: VULCAN IN THE SULKS.
+BRITANNIA. "IF YOU TURN SULKY, AND WON'T MAKE MY ARMOUR,
+HOW SHALL I BE ABLE TO RESIST MARS?"]
+
+[Illustration: THE AMERICAN GLADIATORS--HABET!]
+
+[Illustration: BRITANNIA SYMPATHISES WITH COLUMBIA.]
+
+[Illustration: PEACE.
+MR. PUNCH'S DESIGN FOR A COLOSSAL STATUE, WHICH OUGHT TO HAVE
+BEEN PLACED IN THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION].
+
+
+
+
+      *      *      *      *      *      *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+(1) Spelling, punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected,
+with the exception of those which occur in the illustrations and text
+copied directly from "Punch".
+
+(2) The cartoons have been left in chronological order, ignoring
+their possible relevance to surrounding text.
+
+(3) To avoid irritating breaks for the reader, illustrations have been
+moved to the nearest end of a paragraph, poem or quotation. The page
+numbers in the List of Illustrations have been adjusted accordingly,
+as far as page 100. The remaining illustrations, being beyond the end of
+the text, have been given arbitrary page numbers to assist any reader
+trying to locate them.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON
+PUNCH***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 38056-8.txt or 38056-8.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/8/0/5/38056
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://www.gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
diff --git a/38056-8.zip b/38056-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cd8d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-8.zip
diff --git a/38056-h.zip b/38056-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7d00b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h.zip
diff --git a/38056-h/38056-h.htm b/38056-h/38056-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d5cb80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/38056-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,3330 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch, by William Shepard Walsh</title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+body {
+    margin-left: 10%;
+    margin-right: 10%;
+    font-size: 12pt;
+    font-family: serif;
+}
+
+    h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
+    text-align: center;
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin-top: .75em;
+    text-align: justify;
+    margin-bottom: .75em;
+}
+
+hr {
+    width: 33%;
+    margin-top: 2em;
+    margin-bottom: 2em;
+    margin-left: auto;
+    margin-right: auto;
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+table {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+.pagenum {
+    position: absolute;
+    left: 93%;
+    font-size: smaller;
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+.blockquote {
+    margin-left: 10%;
+    margin-right: 10%;
+    font-size: 11pt;
+}
+
+.center   {text-align: center;}
+
+.smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+.caption  {font-weight: bold;
+          font-size: 9pt;
+          text-align: center;
+          margin-left: auto;
+          margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+    hr.full { width: 100%;
+              margin-top: 3em;
+              margin-bottom: 0em;
+              margin-left: auto;
+              margin-right: auto;
+              height: 4px;
+              border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */
+              border-style: solid;
+              border-color: #000000;
+              clear: both; }
+    pre      {font-size: 85%;}
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch, Edited
+by William Shepard Walsh</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch</p>
+<p>       Cartoons, Comments and Poems, Published in the London Charivari, During the American Civil War (1861-1865)</p>
+<p>Editor: William Shepard Walsh</p>
+<p>Release Date: November 19, 2011  [eBook #38056]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON PUNCH***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Eric Skeet,<br />
+    and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br />
+    from page images generously made available by<br />
+    Internet Archive<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.archive.org/">http://www.archive.org</a>)</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10">
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top">
+      Note:
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive. See
+      <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/abrahamlincolnth00walsrich">
+      http://www.archive.org/details/abrahamlincolnth00walsrich</a>
+   </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1>ABRAHAM LINCOLN</h1>
+
+<h3>AND THE</h3>
+
+<h1>LONDON PUNCH</h1>
+
+
+<p><a name="n003"></a></p>
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i003.png">
+<img style="width: 30%;" src="images/i003tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE AMERICAN JUGGERNAUT<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">September</span> 3, 1864]</a><br />
+Click image to enlarge<br />
+Use browser's "previous page" button to return
+</div>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p style="font-weight: 600; text-align: center; ">
+CARTOONS, COMMENTS AND POEMS, PUBLISHED<br />
+IN THE LONDON CHARIVARI, DURING THE<br />
+AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)<br />
+<br />
+
+EDITED BY<br />
+WILLIAM S. WALSH<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+Author of "A Handbook of Literary Curiosities," "Curiosities of<br />
+Popular Customs," "Faust, the Legend and the Poem," etc.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><img style="width: 15%; " src="images/i004.jpg" alt="[Publisher's logo]" /></p>
+
+<p  style="text-align: center; ">NEW YORK<br />
+MOFFAT, YARD AND COMPANY<br />
+1909<br />
+<br />
+Copyright 1909, by<br />
+WILLIAM S. WALSH<br />
+New York<br />
+Published March 1909
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><a name="nlist"></a></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+
+<table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; " summary="List of Illustrations">
+
+<tr>
+<td>The American Juggernaut</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n003"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[All illustrations are at end of text]</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;">PAGE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Divorce A Vinculo</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n114">114</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The American Difficulty</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n115">115</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The American Gladiators</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n116">116</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Naughty Jonathan</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n117">117</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>How they went to take Canada</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n118">118</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>A Family Quarrel</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n119">119</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>King Cotton Bound</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n120">120</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Genu-ine Othello</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n121">121</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Over the Way</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n122">122</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Wilful Boy</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n123">123</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Look out for Squalls</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n124">124</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>A Bad Case of Throwing Stones</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n125">125</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Waiting for an Answer</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n126">126</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>A Likely Story</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n127">127</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Columbia's Fix</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n128">128</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Boxing Day</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n129">129</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>"Up a Tree"</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n130">130</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Naughty Jonathan</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n131">131</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Oberon and Titania</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n132">132</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Peace</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n133">133</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The New Orleans Plume</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n134">134</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The "Sensation" Struggle in America</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n135">135</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Latest from America</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n136">136</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>One Good Turn Deserves Another</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n137">137</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Lincoln's Two Dificulties</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n138">138</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>"Not up to Time"</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n139">139</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Overdue Bill</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n140">140</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>More Free than Welcome</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n141">141</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Abe Lincoln's Last Card</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n142">142</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Latest from Spirit-Land</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n143">143</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Scene from the American "Tempest"</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n144">144</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>"Beware"</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n145">145</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Great "Cannon Game" </td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n146">146</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>"Rowdy" Notions of Emancipation</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n147">147</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Brutus and Cæsar</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n148">148</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Black Conscription</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n149">149</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>John Bull's Neutrality</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n150">150</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Scylla and Charybdis</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n151">151</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Storm-Signal</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n152">152</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Extremes Meet</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n153">153</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>"Beecher's American Soothing Syrup"</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n154">154</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>"Holding a Candle to the ****"</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n155">155</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Neutrality</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n156">156</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Something for Paddy</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n157">157</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Very Probable</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n158">158</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Mrs. North and her Attorney</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n159">159</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Columbia's Sewing-Machine</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n160">160</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Black Draft</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n161">161</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Federal Ph&oelig;nix</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n162">162</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Grand Transformation Scene</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n163">163</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The Threatening Notice</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n164">164</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Vulcan in the Sulks</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n165">165</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>The American Gladiators&mdash;Habet!</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n166">166</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Brittania Sympathises with Columbia</td>
+<td style="padding-left: 2pt; text-align: right;"><a href="#n167">167</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n11">[11]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>ABRAHAM LINCOLN</h3>
+
+<h4>AND THE</h4>
+
+<h3>LONDON PUNCH</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Tell me what a man laughs at, and I will tell
+you what he is," was one of Goethe's pregnant apothegms.</p>
+
+<p>Laughter, one of the chief lines of cleavage
+between man and beast, is one of the chief points
+of differentiation between man and man. From
+the good-natured banter which kins all the world
+to the envenomed sneer that sunders it, laughter
+runs the whole gamut of human emotions.</p>
+
+<p>It is always sincere, even in its own despite.
+No subterfuge, when subterfuge underlies it, is
+more easily unmasked. A man may smile and
+smile and be a villain, but villainy by the seeing
+eye can be infallibly detected beneath the smile.</p>
+
+<p>A counterfeit laugh may be uttered, as counterfeit
+coin is uttered, but it does not ring true. Its
+baseness reveals itself to more senses than one.</p>
+
+<p>Now for more than sixty years the recognized
+organ of British laughter has been the London
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n12">[12]</a></span>
+<i>Punch</i>. The contemporary mood of John Bull
+towards Brother Jonathan has always voiced
+itself through the grinning lips of this chartered
+jester.</p>
+
+<p>It cannot be said that even before the outbreak
+of the Civil War <i>Punch</i> had shown itself friendly
+to America or Americans. Why should it? The
+British mob disliked us and flouted us. <i>Punch</i>
+as the mouthpiece of the mob, followed suit. In
+the original prospectus of that journal, issued in
+1845, it was expressly announced that the paper
+was to be devoted in part to "Yankee yarns," to
+"the naturalization of those alien Jonathans
+whose adherence to the truth has forced them to
+emigrate from their native land." It would appear
+from this new crook-backed Daniel come
+to judgment, that Ananias and Autolycus were
+models of punctilious honesty and meticulous
+truthfulness compared with the average American.</p>
+
+<p>Writing from Boston to Sir Edward Head, in
+1854, George Ticknor said: "I am much struck
+with what you say about the ignorance that prevails
+in England, concerning this country and its
+institutions, and the mischief likely to spring from
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n14">[14]</a></span>
+it. From <i>Punch</i> up to your leading statesmen,
+things are constantly said and done out of sheer
+misapprehension, or ignorance, that have for
+some time been breeding ill-will here, and are
+likely to breed more."</p>
+
+<p>Up to, and even immediately after the war,
+<i>Punch's</i> sympathies professedly leaned towards
+the North, though it took occasion to lecture both
+sides from the standpoint of a disinterested and
+superior friend, who saw that neither side was
+absolutely and unconditionally right.</p>
+
+<p>When the news of the secession of South Carolina reached England, in
+January, 1861, John Tenniel contributed a cartoon to the jester's pages
+entitled: "Divorce a Vinculo" with the explanatory subtitle "Mrs.
+Carolina asserts her rights to 'larrup' her nigger." Mrs. Carolina was
+represented as a vulgar virago holding a cat-o-nine tails in her right
+hand, and shaking her clenched left fist in the face of a serenely
+defiant youth, clad in a star-spangled shirt, to whom a little brat
+of a nigger appealed with clasped hands.</p>
+
+<p>In the same number the following poem breathed
+a similar anti-secession sentiment.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n16">[16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">SECESSION AND SLAVERY</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 30%; ">
+
+<p>Secede, ye Southern States, secede,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No better plan could be,<br />
+If you of niggers would be freed,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To set your niggers free.<br />
+Runaway slaves by federal law<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At present you reclaim;<br />
+So from the Union straight withdraw<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And play the Free Soil game.</p>
+
+<p>What, when you've once the knot untied,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Will bind the Northern men?<br />
+And who'll resign to your cow-hide<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The fugitives again?<br />
+Absquatulate, then, slick as grease,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And break up unity,<br />
+Or take your president in peace<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And eat your humble pie.</p>
+
+<p>But if your stomachs proud disdain<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That salutary meal<br />
+And you, in passion worse than vain,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Must rend the commonweal,<br />
+Then all mankind will jest and scoff<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At people in the case<br />
+Of him that hastily cut off<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His nose to spite his face.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Later, <i>Punch</i> applauded that portion of Abraham
+Lincoln's first inaugural, which dealt with
+the question of secession.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n18">[18]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">THE COMMINUTED STATES</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p>Who can say where Secession will stop? That is a question
+which is raised by <span class="smcap">Mr. Lincoln</span>, in a part of his inaugural
+address, directed to enforce upon fools and madmen
+the necessity of acquiescence by minorities in the decision
+of majorities. The President tells the frantic portion of his
+fellow countrymen that:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"There is no alternative for continuing the Government
+but acquiescence on one side or the other. If a minority
+in such a case will secede rather than acquiesce, they
+make a precedent which in turn will ruin and divide them,
+for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever
+a majority refuses to be controlled by such a minority. For
+instance, why may not any portion of a new confederacy, a
+year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions
+of the present Union now claim to secede from it?
+All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated
+to the exact temper of doing this."</p>
+
+<p>The force of this simple reasoning will be seen by the
+lunatics to whom it is addressed, during their lucid intervals,
+if they have any. It may even be hoped that some of them
+may recover the use of their reflecting faculties so far as to
+be enabled to follow out <span class="smcap">President Lincoln's</span> argument,
+and their own folly, into ultimate consequences and conclusions.
+Then they will see what is likely to be the end of
+Secession, for it is not quite true that there is no end to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n20">[20]</a></span>
+Secession, and the end of Secession will be for the Secessionists
+an end of everything. Seceders will go on seceding
+and subseceding, until at last every citizen will secede from
+every other citizen, and each individual will be a sovereign
+state in himself, self-government personified, a walking
+autonomy, a lone star, doing business and supporting itself
+off its own hook.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When the seceding states were in search of a
+name, <i>Punch</i> suggested that of Slaveownia, and
+when at the convention held February 9, 1861,
+at Montgomery, Alabama, they adopted the title of
+the Confederate States of America, <i>Punch</i> reopened
+his battery in this fashion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p>"The Southern Secessionists must be admitted to be
+blessed with at least the philosophical virtue of self-knowledge.
+They term this new league the 'Confederate States
+of America'; thus they call themselves by what they doubtless
+feel to be their right name. They are confederates in
+the crime of upholding slavery. A correct estimate of their
+moral position is manifest in that distinctive denomination
+of theirs, 'Confederate States.' This title is a beautiful
+antithesis to that of the United States of America. The
+more doggedly confederate slave mongers combine, the more
+firmly good republicans should unite."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Once more when reviewing Jefferson Davis'
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n22">[22]</a></span>
+message to the Confederate Congress, <i>Punch</i>
+recognized that slavery was really the bone of
+contention between the two sections:</p>
+
+<p class="center">THE JUST AND HOLY CAUSE OF SLAVERY</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">We</span> feel," says <span class="smcap">President Jefferson Davis</span>, in his
+Message to the Secessional Congress, "that our cause is
+just and holy." Could not the negroes of the Southern
+States, if they rose against their masters, say just as much,
+with at least equal justice, for their own insurrection? The
+less <span class="smcap">Mr Davis</span> says about justice and holiness the better,
+if he does not want to preach a dangerous doctrine, besides
+being considered a humbug. "Dash holiness, and justice
+be blanked!" is the consistent language for <span class="smcap">Mr. Jefferson
+Davis</span>. "Might is right; we expect to thrash the Northerners;
+and the Institution of Slavery for ever!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Again, when General Beauregard declared in a
+proclamation to the South that "unborn generations
+would arise and call them blessed," <i>Punch</i>
+declared that the reporters, with their proverbial
+inaccuracy, had omitted the concluding word
+"rascals."</p>
+
+<p>Yet even now, it appealed to both sections to
+restrain their hands from flying at each other's
+throats:
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n24">[24]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">ODE TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 30%">
+
+<p>O <span class="smcap">Jonathan</span> and <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come listen to my song;<br />
+I can't decide, my word upon,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which of you is most wrong.<br />
+I do declare I am afraid<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To say which worse behaves,<br />
+The North, imposing bonds on Trade,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or South, that Man enslaves.</p>
+
+<p>And here you are about to fight,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And wage intestine war,<br />
+Not either of you in the right:<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What simpletons you are!<br />
+Too late your madness you will see,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And when your passion cools,<br />
+"Snakes!" you will bellow, "How could we<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have been such 'tarnal fools!"</p>
+
+<p>One thing is certain; that if you<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blow out each other's brains,<br />
+'Twill be apparent what a few<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each blockhead's skull contains.<br />
+You'll have just nothing for your cost,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To show, when all is done.<br />
+Greatness and glory you'll have lost;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And not a dollar won.</p>
+
+<p>Oh, joined to us by blood, and by<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The bond of kindred speech,<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n26">[26]</a></span>
+And further, by the special tie<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of slang, bound each to each,<br />
+All-fired gonies, softhorn'd pair,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each other will you lick?<br />
+You everlastin' dolts, forbear!<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Throw down your arms right slick.</p>
+
+<p>You'll chaw each other up, you two,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Like those Kilkenny cats,<br />
+When they had better things to do,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Improvin' off the rats.<br />
+Now come, shake hands, together jog<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On friendly yet once more;<br />
+Whip one another not: and flog<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Creation, as before!</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Still again, <i>Punch</i> showed good feeling in admonishing
+Lord Palmerston, after firing on Sumter,
+to keep Great Britain neutral.</p>
+
+<p>"Well Pam," says Mr. Punch to his workman,
+"of course I shall keep you on, but you must stick
+to peace-work."</p>
+
+<p>Nor could the North object to the cartoon, in
+May, 1861, in which Lincoln made his first appearance
+in <i>Punch</i>. The face, faithfully limned from
+the early beardless photographs, represented him
+as a man of clean-cut intelligent features,&mdash;in
+marked contrast to the bearded ruffian, a repulsive
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n28">[28]</a></span>
+compound of malice, vulgarity and cunning
+which John Tenniel's pencil subsequently delighted
+to give to the world as a counterfeit presentment
+of the President of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>In this first picture Lincoln is represented as
+poking the fire and filling the room with particles
+of soot, saying with downcast look:</p>
+
+<p>"What a nice White House it would be, if it
+were not for the blacks."</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless, the poem with which <i>Punch</i>
+greeted the news of the fall of Fort Sumter was not
+calculated to arouse kindly sentiments in the
+North.</p>
+
+<p class="center">INK, BLOOD AND TEARS</p>
+
+<p class="center">(THE TAKING OF FORT SUMTER.)</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 20%">
+
+<p>A Forty hours' bombardment! Great guns throwing<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Their iron hail: shells their mad mines exploding:<br />
+Furnaces lighted: shot at red-heat glowing:<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shore-battr'ies and fort-armament, firing, loading&mdash;<br />
+War's visible hell let loose for forty hours,<br />
+And all her devils free to use their powers&mdash;<br />
+And yet not one man hit, her flag when Sumter lowers.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, here's a theme!" quoth Punch, of brag abhorrent,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"'Twixt promise and performance rare proportion!<br />
+This show-cloth, of live lions, giving warrant,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Masking some mangy, stunted, stuffed abortion:<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n30">[30]</a></span>
+These gorgeous covers hiding empty dishes,<br />
+These whale-like antics among little fishes&mdash;<br />
+Here is the very stuff to meet my dearest wishes.</p>
+
+<p>What ringing of each change on brag and bluster!<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These figures huge of speech, summed in a zero:<br />
+This war-march, ushering in <i>Bombastes'</i> muster:<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This entry of <i>Tom Thumb</i>, armed like a hero.<br />
+Of all great cries e'er raised o'er little wool,<br />
+Of all big bubbles by fools' breath filled full,<br />
+Sure here's the greatest yet, and emptiest, for <span class="smcap">John Bull</span>!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John</span> always thought <span class="smcap">Jonathan</span>, his young brother,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A little of a bully; said he swaggered:<br />
+But in all change of chaff with one another,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nor <span class="smcap">John</span> nor <span class="smcap">Jonathan</span> was e'er called 'laggard.'<br />
+But now, if <span class="smcap">John</span> mayn't <span class="smcap">Jonathan</span> style 'coward,'<br />
+He <i>may</i> hint Stripes and Stars were better lowered<br />
+From that tall height to which, till now, their flag-staff towered."</p>
+
+<p><i>Punch</i> nibbed his pen, all jubilant, for galling&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When suddenly a weight weighed down the feather,<br />
+And a red liquid, drop by drop, slow falling,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Came from the nib; and the drops rolled together,<br />
+And steamed and smoked and sung&mdash;"Not ink, but blood;<br />
+Drops now, but soon to swell into a flood,<br />
+Perchance e'er Summer's leaf has burst Spring's guarding bud.</p>
+
+<p>Blood by a brother's hand drawn from a brother&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And they by whom 'tis ta'en, by whom 'tis given,<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n32">[32]</a></span>
+Are both the children of an English mother;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Once with that mother, in her wrath, they've striven:<br />
+Was't not enough, that parricidal jar,<br />
+But they must now meet in fraternal war?<br />
+If such strife draw no blood shall England scoff therefore?</p>
+
+<p>If she will laugh, through thee, her chartered wit,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use thou no ink wherewith to pen thy scoff:<br />
+We'll find a liquor for thy pen more fit&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We blood drops&mdash;see how smartly thou'lt round off<br />
+Point, pun and paragraph in this new way:<br />
+Till men shall read and laugh, and, laughing, say,<br />
+'Well thrust! <i>Punch</i> is in vein: 'tis his red-letter day.'"</p>
+
+<p>The weight sat on my quill: I could not write;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The red drops lustered to my pen&mdash;in vain;<br />
+I had my theme&mdash;"Brothers that meet in fight,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yet shed no blood!"&mdash;my jesting mood turned pain.<br />
+I thought of all that civil love endears,<br />
+That civil strife breaks up and rends and sears,<br />
+And lo! the blood-drops in my pen were changed to tears!</p>
+
+<p>And for the hoarse tongues that those bloody gouts<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Had found, or seemed to find, upon my ears<br />
+Came up a gentle song in linkèd bouts,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of long-drawn sweetness&mdash;pity breathed through tears.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And thus they sang&mdash;"'Twas not by chance,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Still less by fraud or fear,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That Sumter's battle came and closed,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nor cost the world a tear."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n34">[34]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It was the Southern victory of Bull Run and the
+Northern policy of blockade that finally and definitely
+changed the attitude of England and of
+<i>Punch</i>. The victory gave hopes that the Confederates
+might be successful in overturning a
+hated and dreaded republic; the blockade aroused
+fears that the pocket of the British manufacturer
+might be damaged. All pretence of love for the
+negro was swallowed up by these more potent and
+more personal emotions.</p>
+
+<p>On November 2, 1861, in a cartoon and an
+accompanying poem <i>Punch</i> sought to put its commercial
+anxiety on an altruistic plane. Here
+is the poem:</p>
+
+<p class="center">KING COTTON BOUND; OR, THE NEW
+PROMETHEUS.</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 30%; ">
+
+<p>Far across Atlantic waters<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Groans in chains a Giant King;<br />
+Like to him, whom Ocean's daughters<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wail around in mournful ring,<br />
+In the grand old Grecian strains<br />
+Of <span class="smcap">Prometheus</span> in his chains!</p>
+
+<p>Needs but Fancy's pencil pliant<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Both to paint till both agree;<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n36">[36]</a></span>
+For King Cotton is a giant,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As <span class="smcap">Prometheus</span> claimed to be.<br />
+Each gave blessings unto men,<br />
+Each dishonour reaped again.</p>
+
+<p>From the gods to sons of clay<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If <span class="smcap">Prometheus</span> brought the flame,<br />
+Who King Cotton can gainsay,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Should he equal honour claim?<br />
+Fire and life to millions giving,<br />
+That, without him, had no living.</p>
+
+<p>And if they are one in blessing,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So in suffering they are one;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Freeze in frost and scorch in sun:<br />
+That, upon his mountain chain,<br />
+This, upon his parching plain.</p>
+
+<p>Nor the wild bird's self is wanting&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Either giant's torment sore;<br />
+If <span class="smcap">Prometheus</span> writhed, while panting<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heart and lungs the vulture tore,<br />
+So Columbia's eagle fierce,<br />
+Doth King Cotton's vitals pierce.</p>
+
+<p>On those wings so widely sweeping<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In its poise the bird to keep,<br />
+See, if you can see for weeping.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"North" and "South" are branded deep&mdash;<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n38">[38]</a></span>
+On the beak all reeking red,<br />
+On the talons blood-bespread!</p>
+
+<p>But 'tis not so much the anguish<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of the wound that rends his side,<br />
+Makes this fettered giant languish,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As the thought how once, in pride,<br />
+That great eagle took its stand,<br />
+Gently on his giant hand!</p>
+
+<p>How to it the meat he'd carry<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In its mew to feed secure;<br />
+How he'd fling it on the quarry,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How recall it to the lure,<br />
+Make it stoop, to his caresses,<br />
+Hooded neck and jingling jesses.</p>
+
+<p>And another thought is pressing,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Like hot iron on his brain&mdash;<br />
+Millions that would fain be blessing,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ban, e'en now, King Cotton's name.<br />
+Oh, that here those hands are bound,<br />
+Which should scatter wealth around!</p>
+
+<p>"Not this Eagle's screaming smothers<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That sad sound across the sea&mdash;<br />
+Wailing babes and weeping mothers,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wailing, weeping, wanting me.<br />
+Hands that I would fain employ,<br />
+Hearts that I would fill with joy!</p>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n40">[40]</a></span>
+
+<p>"I must writhe&mdash;a giant fettered,&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;While those millions peak and pine;<br />
+By my wealth their lot unbettered,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And their suffering worse than mine.<br />
+For they know that I would fain<br />
+Help their need, were't not my chain!</p>
+
+<p>"But <i>I</i> know not where to turn me<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For relief from bonds and woe;<br />
+Frosts may pinch and suns may burn me,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But for rescue&mdash;none I know,<br />
+Save the millions I have fed,<br />
+Should they rise for lack of bread&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Saying, 'We will brook no longer,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That King Cotton bound should be:<br />
+Be his gaolers strong, <i>we</i>'re stronger,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In our hunger o'er sea&mdash;<br />
+More for want, than love, uprisen,<br />
+We are come to break his prison!'</p>
+
+<p>"Welcome even such releasing,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fain my work I'd be about:<br />
+Soon would want and wail be ceasing,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Were King Cotton once let out&mdash;<br />
+Though all torn and faint and bleeding,<br />
+Millions still I've strength for feeding."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then came an episode which did for the moment
+set John Bull and <i>Punch</i> on a nobler basis. All
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n42">[42]</a></span>
+during the Trent affair&mdash;when the United States
+was obviously wrong in arresting the Confederate
+Commissioners, Mason and Slidell, on board an
+English ship&mdash;the Tenniel cartoons rose to the
+higher level of just indignation.</p>
+
+<p>Even now, however, <i>Punch</i> was unable or unwilling
+to see the magnanimity of Abraham Lincoln's
+apology for an error not his own.</p>
+
+<p>This was all the more unjust because <i>Punch</i> was
+both able and willing to discriminate between the
+level-headed men of the North and the jingoes,
+as this extract will show.</p>
+
+<p class="center">OUR DEAR BROTHER JONATHAN</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p>This delightful ebullition of fervent brotherly love has
+most fittingly appeared in a Philadelphia paper:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"It may be, in view of all these grave considerations and
+the sad necessities of the case, that, in order to avoid a war
+which could only end in our discomfiture, the Administration
+may be compelled to concede the demands of England,
+and perhaps release <span class="smcap">Messrs. Mason</span> and <span class="smcap">Slidell</span>. God
+forbid!&mdash;but in a crisis like this we must adapt ourselves to
+stern circumstances, and yield every feeling of pride to maintain
+our existence. If this contingency should ever arise&mdash;and
+I am only speculating upon a disagreeable possibility&mdash;then
+let us swear, not only to ourselves but our children
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n44">[44]</a></span>
+who come after us, to repay this greedy, insolent, and cowardly
+Power with the retribution of a just and fearful vengeance.
+If England in our time of distress makes herself our foe, and
+offers to be our assassin, we will treat her as a foe when we
+can do so untrammeled and unmenaced by another enemy."</p>
+
+<p>"Greedy, insolent, and cowardly," these are nice fraternal
+terms; and what a truly loving spirit is evinced by swearing
+"fearful vengeance" upon the "assassin," and handing
+to posterity the keeping of the oath!</p>
+
+<p>No whit less affectionate in feeling is what follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"If we do concede the demands of England, however, it
+will only be because we desire to crush this rebellion, as a
+duty we owe to mankind. It will be because we prefer to
+master the great evil, and do not wish to be alienated from
+our duty by an international and comparatively unimportant
+quarrel; it will be because we prefer national salvation to
+the gratification of any feeling of national pride. It will be
+a great act of self-denial. But when we come from this rebellion
+it will be with a magnificent army, educated and organised,
+and with the sense of this wrong weighing upon
+them. It will be with a navy competent to meet any navy
+upon the globe. It will be for us then to remember how
+England was our enemy in the day of our misfortune, and
+to make that remembrance a dark and fearful page of her
+history, and an eternal memory of our own."</p>
+
+<p>That these are the opinions of most people in America
+nobody on this side of the Atlantic will believe. But that
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n46">[46]</a></span>
+there are roughs and rowdies in the States, who as they have
+nothing they can lose by war are always full of bluster and
+warlike in their talk, this may any one in England very easily
+conceive. Of course it is to please them that such stuff as we
+have quoted is stuck in Yankee newspapers; and our sole
+surprise is that the journals which admit it find it pays them
+so to do. The rowdies as a rule are not overflushed with
+wealth and can ill afford to spend their coppers upon literature,
+which, the chances are, they scarcely would know
+how to read.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>For the benefit of the American jingoes <i>Punch</i>
+on December 7th, issued the following warning,
+with an appropriate cartoon:</p>
+
+<p class="center">A WARNING TO JONATHAN;</p>
+
+<p class="center">OR, "DOTH HE WAG HIS TAIL?"</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 15%;">
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Jonathan</span>, <span class="smcap">Jonathan</span>, 'ware of the Lion:<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He's patient, he's placable, slow to take fire:<br />
+There are tricks which in safety a puppy might try on,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But from dogs of his <i>own</i> size they waken his ire.</p>
+
+<p>With your bounce and your bunkum you've pelted him often,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good humoured he laughed as the missiles flew by,<br />
+Hard words you've employed, which he ne'er bid you soften,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As knowing your tallest of talk all my eye.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n48">[48]</a></span>
+
+<p>When you blustered he still was content with pooh-poohing,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When you flared up he just let the shavings burn out:<br />
+He knew you were fonder of talking than doing,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And Lions for trifles don't put themselves out.</p>
+
+<p>But beware how you tempt even leonine patience,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or presume the old strength has forsaken his paw:<br />
+He's proud to admit you and he are relations,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But even relations may take too much law.</p>
+
+<p>If there's one thing he values, 'tis right of asylum;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Safe who rests 'neath the guard of the Lion must be:<br />
+In that shelter the hard-hunted fugitive whilome<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Must be able to sleep the deep sleep of the free.</p>
+
+<p>Then think twice, and think well, ere from guard of the Lion<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Those who seek his protection you try to withdraw:<br />
+Though <span class="smcap">Stowell</span> and <span class="smcap">Wheaten</span> and <span class="smcap">Kent</span> you rely on,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are points on which Lions won't listen to jaw.</p>
+
+<p>Remember in time the old tale of the showman,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who his head in the mouth of the Lion would sheath,<br />
+Till with lengthened impunity, bold as a Roman,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He seemed to forget that the Lion had teeth.</p>
+
+<p>But the time came at last, when all risks madly scorning,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He went just too far down that road rough and red,<br />
+When, with only one wag of his tail for a warning,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Snap went Leo's jaws, and off went <span class="smcap">Barnum's</span> head!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This was followed up on December 14th, with one
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n50">[50]</a></span>
+of Tenniel's finest cartoons, that entitled "Waiting
+for an Answer."</p>
+
+<p>Two amusing bits of doggerel appeared in the
+same number, one representing the British nation's
+view of the international episode.</p>
+
+<p class="center">MRS. DURDEN ON THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 10%; ">
+
+<p>"Them there nasty good-for-nothing Yankees!" cried old <span class="smcap">Mrs. Durden</span>,<br />
+"Worrits me to that degree, it makes my life almost a burden.<br />
+Board our mail and seize our passengers, the ribbles! Goodness, gracious!<br />
+Like their imperence to be sure; 'tis that what makes 'em so owdacious.<br />
+<br />
+"What next now I wonder, Captain?" Answer <span class="smcap">Captain Skipper</span> made,<br />
+"Well Ma'am, our next move, I fancy, will be breaking their blockade."<br />
+"Blockhead! Ah!" exclaimed the lady. "Truer word was never spoken.<br />
+Drat the blockheads, all says I; may every head on 'em be broken!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The other is a bit of broad fun, in mockery of
+the profuse volumes of smoke and sound which
+were emitted by Yankee fire-eaters.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n52">[52]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">A VOICE FROM WASHINGTON</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>From our Special Correspondent</i></p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 30%;">
+
+<p>We Yankees ain't given to brag;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">John Bull</span>, we expect, has no notion<br />
+Of going to war; but his flag<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If he does, we shall sweep from the ocean<br />
+And when the old vagabond lies<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In a state of teetotal prostration,<br />
+Old Ireland in glory will rise,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Independence to win as a nation.</p>
+
+<p>Our breadstuffs from England kept back,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The sequel must be destitution.<br />
+Her famishing millions, in lack<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of food, will force on revolution.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Victoria</span> will have to retire;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Aristocracy, friends of Secession<br />
+Will be hurled down, and trod in the mire;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No more for to practise oppression.</p>
+
+<p>Rebellion we'll bring to an end,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The slaves 'mongst our heroes dividing,<br />
+Or arms to the niggers we'll lend,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To give their darned masters a hiding.<br />
+Work up all our cotton at home,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let not one more bale be exported,<br />
+Have the world at our feet, like old Rome,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By the kings of the airth as was courted.</p>
+
+<p>Want money? I reckon not we;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A national debt we'll create,<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n54">[54]</a></span>
+Twice as heavy as yourn, which will be,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For <span class="smcap">Samsons</span> like we air, no weight.<br />
+On Government bonds we shall borrow<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any money in Europe with ease.<br />
+Why London and Paris, to-morrow<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Will lend us as much as we please.</p>
+
+<p>Foreign goods we shall purchase with paper,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which let foreign usurers hold;<br />
+The British may swagger and vapour,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At home whilst we keep all our gold.<br />
+As <span class="smcap">Belmont</span> to <span class="smcap">Seward</span> has written,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any stock may in Europe be "placed,"<br />
+And the chance, if the <span class="smcap">Rothschilds</span> ain't bitten,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Will be by the <span class="smcap">Barings</span> embraced</p>
+
+<p>We've twice before whipped all creation,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We've now got to whip it again.<br />
+We air a remarkable nation<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of modest, but resolute men.<br />
+<span class="smcap">John Bull</span>, then, allow us to kick you,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And don't go resenting the act,<br />
+Or into a cocked hat we'll lick you,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, Sir-ree, you old hoss, that's a fact.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The manly and tactful apology which represented
+the feeling of the better sort of folk in America,
+and which was wrung from a reluctant
+cabinet by Abraham Lincoln, softened for a moment
+the asperity of our old antagonist. The
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n56">[56]</a></span>
+following rather amiable verses were written in
+anticipation of the amicable settlement which
+already (January 11, 1862), seemed probable:</p>
+
+<p class="center">A FAIR OFFER FROM JOHN BULL TO MISS COLUMBIA</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 15%">
+
+<p>Shall we kiss and be friends? Why not? Sister <span class="smcap">Columbia</span>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No more ugly faces let you and me pull;<br />
+Though we both have our tempers, our worries and troubles,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let "bygones be bygones" for me, says <span class="smcap">John Bull</span>.</p>
+
+<p>You must own that you've given me a deal of bad language,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And have been far too free with your bunkum and brag;<br />
+<i>That</i> I'll pocket, if now, like a sensible woman,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You'll disclaim your friend <span class="smcap">Wilkes</span>, and salute the old flag.</p>
+
+<p>Fools may sneer and call family feelings all humbug,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But I feel that one blood in the veins of us flows:<br />
+Our tongues are the same, though I don't like your fashion<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of talking, (as you'd make <i>me</i> pay) through the nose.</p>
+
+<p>We snarled and we scratched, in the days of our folly,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When you wanted to leave me and start for yourself;<br />
+To think of those times makes me quite melancholy&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The blood that we wasted&mdash;&mdash;the temper and pelf!</p>
+
+<p>When I vowed that I'd tame you, and make you knock under,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And you dared me and bit, like a vixen as well;<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n58">[58]</a></span>
+I did think by this time we had both seen our blunder;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Meant to live as good friends and in peace buy and sell.</p>
+
+<p>But of late I can't think what the deuce has come o'er you:<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;First, you turn your own house out of window, and then,<br />
+Declare that <i>I</i> want to o'erreach you and floor you,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stop my ships, seize my passengers, bully my men!</p>
+
+<p>I can stand a great deal from my own blood-relations,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And I know that your troubles your temper have soured;<br />
+But I can't take a blow, in the face of all nations,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And consent to see law by brute force overpowered.</p>
+
+<p>Only own your friend <span class="smcap">Wilkes</span> is a blundering bully,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And make over <span class="smcap">Mason</span> and <span class="smcap">Slidell</span> to me,<br />
+And all that is past, I'll condone, fair and fully,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kiss you now, and in future, I <i>do</i> hope, agree!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Yet Lincoln, the peacemaker of the occasion,
+got little credit from <i>Punch</i>, which, indeed, began
+now to pursue him with unremitting invective.</p>
+
+<p>The gorilla-like caricature of Lincoln's features
+makes its first appearance in a cartoon wherein
+this repulsive face is joined to a raccoon's
+body.</p>
+
+<p>The "coon" is shown up a tree, Colonel Bull,
+standing below, has drawn a bead on him with his
+gun.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n60">[60]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Air you in earnest, Colonel?" asks the
+coon.</p>
+
+<p>"I am," replies the mighty Bull.</p>
+
+<p>"Don't fire," says the coon, "I'll come
+down."</p>
+
+<p>Even Lincoln's proclamation emancipating the
+slaves in the seceding states did not soften the
+asperity of the old-time anti-slavery advocate.
+<i>Punch</i> feigned to see in this message only the
+ruse of a wily combatant driven to a last resource.
+This idea is put into a quatrain, as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The American Chess-Players</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25%">Although of conquest Yankee North despairs,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His brain for some expedient wild he racks,<br />
+And thinks that having failed on the white squares,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He can't do worse by moving on the Blacks.</p>
+
+<p>Under the heading "One Good Turn Deserves
+Another," Old Abe is shown extending musket,
+sword and knapsack to a negro who refuses to be
+cajoled by his honeyed words.</p>
+
+<p>"Why I do declare," says Abe, "it's my dear old
+friend, Sambo! Course you'll fight for us, Sambo.
+Lend us a hand, old hoss, do."
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n62">[62]</a></span>
+The same jibe finds vent in the following
+poems:</p>
+
+<p class="center">ABE'S LAST CARD; OR, ROUGE-ET-NOIR</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 30%">
+
+<p>Brag's our game: and awful losers<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We've been on the <i>Red</i>.<br />
+Under and above the table,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Awfully we've bled.<br />
+Ne'er a stake have we adventured,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But we've lost it still<br />
+From Bull's Run and mad Manassas,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Down to Sharpsburg Hill.</p>
+
+<p>When luck's desperate, desperate venture<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Still may bring it back:<br />
+So I'll chance it&mdash;neck or nothing&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here I lead THE BLACK!<br />
+If I win, the South must pay for't,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pay in fire and gore:<br />
+If I lose, I'm ne'er a dollar<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Worse off than before.</p>
+
+<p>From the Slaves of Southern rebels<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus I strike the chain:<br />
+But the slaves of loyal owners<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Still shall slaves remain.<br />
+If their owners like to wop 'em,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They to wop are masters;<br />
+Or if they prefer to swop 'em,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are our shin-plasters!</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n64">[64]</a></span>
+There! If that 'ere Proclamation<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does its holy work,<br />
+Rebeldom's annihilation<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It did oughter work:<br />
+Back to Union, and you're welcome<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each to wop his nigger:<br />
+If not, at White let slip darky&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Guess I call that vigour!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In September, 1862, the two combatants are
+represented as sinking exhausted into the arms of
+negro backers, who are vainly attempting to put
+them on their feet. In the background stands a
+self-important eagle arrayed in the Napoleonic
+uniform and a biped lion dressed in a sack coat
+and an air of conscious superiority.</p>
+
+<p>Says the eagle to the lion, "Don't you think we
+ought to fetch the police?"</p>
+
+<p>The legend under the cartoon runs, "Not Up
+to Time, or Interference Would Be Very Welcome."</p>
+
+<p>In the following January comes a well imagined
+cartoon entitled "The Latest From Spirit Land,"
+showing the bluff and kindly ghost of George III
+trying to enter into conversation with the stiffly
+stupid ghost of Mr. Washington. "Well, Mr.
+Washington," says George, "what do you think
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n66">[66]</a></span>
+of your fine republic now, eh? What d'ye think?
+What d'ye think, eh?" To which Mr. Washington
+retorts with an inarticulate "Humph!"</p>
+
+<p>In May of 1863 a cartoon entitled "The Great
+Cannon Game" shows Abe Lincoln playing billiards
+with Jeff Davis. It is the latter's shot.</p>
+
+<p>"Hurrah for Charleston!" he cries; "that's
+another to me."</p>
+
+<p>Abe Lincoln mutters in an aside, "Darned if he
+ain't scored ag'in! I wish I could make a few
+winning hazards for a change."</p>
+
+<p>An accompanying article entitled "The Great
+American Billiard Match" is amusing enough
+when read to-day in the light of the great "winning
+hazards" that were to be made by Abe within less
+than sixty days.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p>"Considerable excitement," it runs, "has been caused in
+sporting circles by this long protracted match, which, owing
+to the style of play adopted by the parties, appears to make
+but very little progress toward a finish. The largeness of
+the stakes depending on the contest might be supposed to
+make the players careful in their strokes, but few expected
+that the game would last so long as it has done, and no one
+now dare prophesy when it will be finished. It having been
+resolved to play the cannon game, some anxiety at first was
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n68">[68]</a></span>
+not unreasonably felt among the backers of Jeff Davis,
+the crack player for the South; but the knowing ones, who
+knew their man, made no attempt to hedge, notwithstanding
+what was said about his being out of play and, in the cannon
+game especially, somewhat overmatched. It is needless to
+remark here that the first strokes which he made quite
+justified their confidence, and, indeed, throughout the game
+he has done nothing yet to shake it, so that if he have but a
+fair amount of luck, his backers feel assured that he won't
+easily be beaten, and an extra fluke or two might make
+him win the match.</p>
+
+<p>"As for old Abe Lincoln, the champion player of the
+North, his backers, we believe, are as confident as ever that
+he is the best man, although at times his play has not appeared
+to prove it. There is no doubt that he has more strength
+at his command, but strength is of small use without knowing
+how to use it. Abe Lincoln may have skill, but he has
+not yet shown much of it; and certainly he more than once
+has shown himself outgeneralled. His backers say he purposely
+is playing a slow game, just to draw out his opponent
+and see what he can do. In ninety days, they say, he is
+cocksure of a victory, but this is an old boast, and nobody
+except themselves now places any faith in it. Abe's famous
+Bull Run stroke was a bad start to begin with, and his
+Charleston break has ended in his having to screw back,
+and thus slip into balk to save himself from mischief.</p>
+
+<p>How the game will end we won't pretend to prophesy.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n70">[70]</a></span>
+There are plenty of good judges, who still appear inclined
+to bet in favor of the South and longish odds are offered
+that the game will be a drawn one. Abe's attempt to pot
+the niggers some put down as a foul stroke, but whether
+foul or not, it added little to his score. Upon the whole
+we think his play has not been much admired, although his
+backers have been vehement in superlatively praising it.
+There is more sympathy for the South, as being the weaker
+side&mdash;a fact which Jeff's supporters indignantly deny, and
+which certainly the North has not done much as yet toward
+proving. Without ourselves inclining one way or the other,
+we may express a neutral hope that the best player may win;
+and we certainly shall echo the desire of all who watch the
+game if we add that the sooner it is now played out the
+better."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The boasted "neutrality" was put to a rather
+severe test when, in less than "ninety days," the
+victory of which Abe's backers were "cock sure"
+proved a double barrelled one at Vicksburg, in
+Mississippi, and at Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania.
+The news of these tremendous events set all the
+Federal States of America shouting with triumph
+on the succeeding Fourth of July. There were no
+international cables in those days. Consequently
+it was not until two weeks later that the news
+reached England.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n72">[72]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In the interim, on that very July 4, certain
+Northern Americans in London, all unconscious of
+what had happened, celebrated their national
+anniversary almost in earshot of the <i>Punch</i> office
+to the great disgust of the gentlemen on its
+staff.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p>"There is something peculiarly graceful," [snarls Punch
+in the issue for July 18th], "in celebrating Independence
+Day in London. 'The Britishers whipped all the world
+and we whipped the Britishers,' used to be the established
+formula of Yankee self-glorification. It is the Yankees'
+belief that they accomplished their secession from England
+by simple conquest; triumphant superiority in arms. To
+hold the anniversary of successful insurrection, not to say
+rebellion, in the very den of the British lion, treading on
+his tail and gently poking him with a playful boot tip, is to
+compliment that noble animal with credit for some magnanimity.
+The British residents in Paris would hardly
+have the confiding generosity and the taste in like manner to
+celebrate the return day of the Battle of Waterloo in the
+French capital.</p>
+
+<p>"We pause here to ask whether the Confederates do not,
+as they reasonably may, repeat the Yankee boast above
+quoted with brag additional? Have they not begun to say,
+'The Britishers whipped all the world, the Yankees whipped
+the Britishers and we whipped the Yankees'? Not yet,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n74">[74]</a></span>
+perhaps. Averse to indulgence in premature exultation,
+they may reserve that saying for Independence Day No. 2."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In conclusion <i>Punch</i> makes this comment on
+the fact that in honor of the anniversary the flag
+of the United States had been hoisted on the summit
+of certain buildings, "Shouldn't it have been hoisted
+halfmast high?"</p>
+
+<p>The answer came in the form of a thunderous
+negative with the next mail from America.</p>
+
+<p>Thereafter <i>Punch</i> lost his supreme interest in
+the great Civil War. He made no allusions to
+Gettysburg or to Vicksburg. The "neutral hope"
+was painfully dampened by Northern triumphs.
+His commercial sympathy was all with the losing
+side. The wish was father to the not very neutral
+thought that the negro might prove the undoing
+of his Northern allies. On August 15 appeared a
+cartoon entitled "Brutus and Cæsar, from the
+American Edition of Shakespeare." To the tent
+of Brutus (Lincoln) enters at night the ghost of
+Cæsar, a black spectre. This colloquy occurs:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p>Brutus&mdash;Wall, now, do tell! Who's you?</p>
+
+<p>Cæsar&mdash;I am dy ebil genius, massa <span class="smcap"> Linking</span>. Dis child
+am awful Inimpressional.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In October appeared a cartoon headed with
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n76">[76]</a></span>
+unconscious satire, "John Bull's Neutrality."
+John Bull standing with his arms akimbo in the
+doorway of his shop is glaring defiantly at two
+bad boys, clad respectively in federal and in confederate
+uniforms, who slink away before his
+glance and drop the stones they were preparing
+to hurl at his windows.</p>
+
+<p>"Look here, boys," says John, "I don't care
+twopence for your noise, but if you throw stones
+at my windows I must thrash you both."</p>
+
+<p>The same moral is enforced in the following
+poem:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center">MR. BULL TO HIS AMERICAN BULLIES</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 30%">
+
+<p>Hoy, I say you two there, kicking<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Up that row before my shop!<br />
+Do you want a good sound licking<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Both? If not, you'd better stop.<br />
+Peg away at one another,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you choose such fools to be:<br />
+But leave me alone; don't bother,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bullyrag and worry me!</p>
+
+<p>Into your confounded quarrel!<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let myself be dragged I'll not<br />
+By you, fighting for a Merrill<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tariff; or your slavery lot.<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n78">[78]</a></span>
+What I want to do with either<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is impartially to trade:<br />
+Nonsense I will stand from neither<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Past the bounds of gasconade.</p>
+
+<p>You North, roaring, raving, yelling,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hold your jaw, you booby, do;<br />
+What, d'ye threaten me for selling<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arms to South, as well as you?<br />
+South, at me don't bawl and bellow,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That won't make me take your part;<br />
+So you just be off, young fellow:<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Now, you noisy chap, too, start!</p>
+
+<p>To be called names 'tis unpleasant;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Words, however, break no bones:<br />
+I control myself at present;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But beware of throwing stones!<br />
+I won't have my windows broken,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mind, you brawlers, what I say,<br />
+See this stick, a striking token;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cut your own, or civil stay.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In a succeeding cartoon <i>Punch</i> called for a
+separation between the fighters, for now, said he,
+"dis-union is strength." Another cartoon hails
+the fraternization&mdash;reported to have taken place
+between negroes bearing the flags of the rival
+armies&mdash;with the epigram "When black meets
+black then comes the end of war."
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n80">[80]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Henry Ward Beecher's visit to England, in
+the autumn of 1863, is celebrated by a cartoon
+and by a poem in which due praise is given to the
+vigor of his oratory and to the excellence of his
+intentions.</p>
+
+<p class="center">BRITISHER TO BEECHER</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 20%">
+
+<p>Alas! what a pity it is, <span class="smcap">Parson Beecher</span>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That you came not at once when Secession broke out,<br />
+As <span class="smcap">Abraham Lincoln's</span> Apostle, a preacher<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of the Union; a gospel which Englishmen doubt;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For that Union, you see,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Was a limb of our tree:<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Its own branches to break themselves off are as free.</p>
+
+<p>Still, <span class="smcap">Beecher</span>, if you had been only sent hither,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When at first the Palmetto flag flouted the sky,<br />
+Commissioned foul slavery's faction to wither,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And this nation invoke to be Freedom's ally,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With your eloquent art<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You had won England's heart;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We were fully disposed towards taking your part.</p>
+
+<p>Instead of a Reverend <span class="smcap">Beecher</span>, appealing<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To our conscience, in Liberty's name, for the right,<br />
+We heard a cool scoundrel advise in the stealing<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of <span class="smcap">Britannia's</span> domains, North and South to unite;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And your papers were full<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of abuse of <span class="smcap">John Bull</span>;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whilst he bore the blockade which withheld cotton wool.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n82">[82]</a></span>
+
+<p>Malevolence, taking our ill-will for granted,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Has reviled us, pursued us with bluster and threat,<br />
+Supposing itself the remembrance had planted<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In our bosom of wrongs which we couldn't forget,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And should take, in its case<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of misfortune, as base<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A revenge as itself would have ta'en in our place.</p>
+
+<p>Tirades against England, with menace of slaughter,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Never yet have your <span class="smcap">Sumners</span>, and such, ceased to pour,<br />
+Your bards talk of blowing us out of the water,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And threaten to "punish <span class="smcap">John Bull</span> at his door."<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Now this isn't the way<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To make Englishmen pray<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That the Yankees may finish by gaining the day.</p>
+
+<p>An afterthought only is "Justice to Niggers;"<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'Tis a cry which those Yankees raised not till they found<br />
+That they for a long time had been pulling triggers,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At their slaveholding brothers, and gained little ground.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;First <span class="smcap">Abe Lincoln</span> gave out<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That he'd fain bring about,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Re-union with slavery too, or without.</p>
+
+<p>So don't waste your words in attempts at persuasion,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which impose on no Britain alive but a fool,<br />
+But husband your breath for another occasion,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That is, <span class="smcap">Beecher</span>, keep it your porridge to cool.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Strictly neutral will I<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Still remain standing by."<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Says <span class="smcap">Britannia</span>: "D'ye see any green in my eye?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n84">[84]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Later, <i>Punch</i> published this:</p>
+
+<p class="center">ADIEU TO MR. BEECHER</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Beecher</span> has left us; he has sailed for America,
+where he can tell his congregation just what he likes, but
+where he will, we are sure, tell <span class="smcap">Messrs. Lincoln</span> and <span class="smcap">Seward</span>
+the exact truth, namely that large numbers of the uneducated
+classes crowded to hear a celebrated orator, and
+that the press has been very good-natured to him. Also,
+we hope he will say, because he knows it, that the educated
+classes are at the present date just as Neutral in the matter
+of the American quarrel as they were before the reverend
+gentleman's arrival. Having duly stated these facts to the
+<span class="smcap">President</span> and the Minister, <span class="smcap">Mr. Beecher</span> may put them
+in any form he pleases before the delightful congregation,
+whose members pay £40 a-year, each, for pews. And to
+show that we part with him in all good nature, we immortalise
+his witty allusion to ourselves in his farewell speech:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I know my friend <i>Punch</i> thinks I have been serving out
+'soothing syrup' to the British Lion. (<i>Laughter.</i>) Very
+properly the picture represents me as putting a spoon into
+the lion's ear instead of his mouth; and I don't wonder that
+the great brute turns away very sternly from that plan of
+feeding." (<i>Renewed Laughter.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>A gentler criticism upon us could not be, and we scorn to
+retort that, having a respect for anatomy, we did not make
+the lion's ear large enough to hold the other spoon depicted
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n86">[86]</a></span>
+in that magnificent engraving. For the <span class="smcap">Reverend Beecher</span>
+is not a spoon, whatever we may think of his audiences in
+England. And so we wish him good-bye, and plenty of
+greenbacks and green believers.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The re-election of Abraham Lincoln, in November,
+1864, called forth a grotesque and unpleasant
+caricature of Lincoln as the "Federal Ph&oelig;nix."
+It was accompanied by these verses:</p>
+
+<p class="center">THE FEDERAL PH&OElig;NIX</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 20%">
+
+<p>When <span class="smcap">Herodotus</span>, surnamed "The Father of History"<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(We are not informed who was History's mother),<br />
+Went a travelling to Egypt, that region of mystery,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where each step presented some marvel or other,</p>
+
+<p>In a great city there, called (in Greek) Heliopolis,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The priests put him up to a strange story&mdash;rather&mdash;<br />
+Of a bird, who came up to that priestly metropolis,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Once in five hundred years, to inter its own father.</p>
+
+<p>When to filial feeling apparently callous,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not a plume ruffled (as <i>we</i> should say, not a hair rent),<br />
+In a <i>pot-pourri</i> made of sweet-spice, myrrh, and aloes,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He flagrantly, burnt, after burying, his parent.</p>
+
+<p>But <span class="smcap">Pomponius Mela</span> has managed to gather<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of this curious story a modified version,<br />
+In which the bird burns up itself, not its father,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And soars to new life from its fiery immersion.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n88">[88]</a></span>
+This bird has oft figured in emblems and prophecies&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And though <span class="smcap">Snyders</span> ne'er painted its picture, nor <span class="smcap">Weenix</span><br />
+Its portraits on plates of a well-known fire-office is,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which, after this bird's name, is christened the Ph&oelig;nix.</p>
+
+<p>Henceforth a new Ph&oelig;nix, from o'er the Atlantic,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our old fire-office friend from his brass-plate displaces;<br />
+With a plumage of greenbacks, all ruffled, and antic<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In <span class="smcap">Old Abe's</span> rueful phiz and <span class="smcap">Old Abe's</span> shambling graces.</p>
+
+<p>As the bird of Arabia wrought resurrection<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By a flame all whose virtues grew out of what fed it,<br />
+So the Federal Ph&oelig;nix has earned re-election<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By a holocaust huge of rights, commerce, and credit.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>On December 10th, <i>Punch</i> published this brutal
+burlesque anticipation of that noble speech made
+by President Lincoln at his second Inauguration,
+which has now taken its due rank among
+the great masterpieces of forensic English:</p>
+
+<p class="center">PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL SPEECH</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>(By Ultramarine Telegraph)</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Well</span>, we've done it, gentlemen. Bully for us. Cowhided
+the Copperheads considerable. <i>Non nobis</i>, of course, but
+still I reckon we have had a hand in the glory, some. That
+reminds me of the Old World story about the Hand of Glory,
+which I take to have been the limb of a gentleman who had
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n90">[90]</a></span>
+been justified on the gallows, and which the witches turned
+into a patent moderator lamp, as would lead a burglar safe
+into any domicile which he might wish to plunder. We ain't
+burglars, quite t'other, but I fancy that if <span class="smcap">Uly Grant</span> could
+get hold of that kind and description of thing to help him into
+Richmond, he'd not be so un-Christian proud as to refuse the
+hand of a malefactor. (<i>Right, right!</i>) Well, right or left
+hand, that's no odds, gentlemen. (<i>Laughter.</i>) Now I am
+sovereign of the sovereign people of this great and united
+republic for four years next ensuing the date hereof, as I
+used to say when I was a lawyer. (<i>You are! Bully for you!</i>)
+Yes, gentlemen, but you must do something more than bully
+for me, you must fight for me, if you please, and whether you
+please or not. As the old joke says, there's no compulsion,
+only you must. Must is for the King, they say in the rotten
+Old world. Well, I'm King, and you shall be Viceroys over
+me. But I tell you again, and in fact I repeat it, that there's
+man's work to do to beat these rebels. They <i>may</i> run away,
+no doubt. As the Irishman says, pigs may fly, but they're
+darned onlikely birds to do it. They must be well whipped,
+gentlemen, and I must trouble you for the whipcord. (<i>You
+shall have it!</i>) Rebellion is a wicked thing, gentlemen, an
+awful wicked thing, and the mere nomenclating thereof
+would make my hair stand on end, if it could be more standonender
+than it is. (<i>Laughter.</i>) Truly awful, that is when
+it is performed against mild, free, constitutional sway like
+that of the White House, but of course right and glorious
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n92">[92]</a></span>
+when perpetrated against ferocious, cruel, bloodthirsty old
+tyrants like <span class="smcap">George the Third</span>. We must punish these
+rebels for their own good, and to teach them the blessings of
+this mighty and transcendental Union. (<i>We will, we will!</i>) All
+very tall talking, gentlemen, but talking won't take Richmond.
+If it would, and there had been six Richmonds in the field,
+we should long since have took them all. If Richmond would
+fall like Jericho, by every man blowing of his own trumpet,
+we've brass enough in our band for that little feat in acoustics.
+But when a cow sticks, as <span class="smcap">Grant</span> does, in the mud,
+how then? (<i>Great laughter.</i>) Incontestably, gentlemen,
+this great and mighty nation must give her a shove on. Shove
+for Richmond, gentlemen. (<i>That's the talk!</i>) Now about
+these eternal blacks, you expect me to say something touching
+them, though I suppose we're none of us too fond of
+touching them, for reasons in that case made and provided,
+as I used to say. Well, listen. We've got them on our
+hands, that's a fact, and it reminds me of a nigger story.
+Two of these blacks met, and one had a fine new hat.
+"Where you got dat hat, <span class="smcap">Sambo</span>?" says t'other. "Out ob
+a shop, nigger," says <span class="smcap">Sambo</span>. "'Spex so," says t'other, "and
+what might be the price ob dat hat?" "Can't say, zactly,
+nigger, the shopkeeper didn't happen to be on the premises."
+(<i>Laughter.</i>) Well, we've got the niggers, and I can't exactly
+say&mdash;or at least I don't think you'd like to hear&mdash;what might
+be the price of those articles. But we must utilise our hats,
+gentlemen. We must make them dig and fight, that's a fact.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n94">[94]</a></span>
+There's no shame in digging, I suppose. Adam digged, and he
+is a gentleman of older line than any of the bloated and slavish
+aristocracies of Europe. And as for fighting, they must feel
+honoured at doing that for the glorious old flag that has braved
+for eighty-nine years and a-half, be the same little more or
+less, the battle and the breeze. (<i>Cheers.</i>) Yes, and when
+the rebellion's put down, we'll see what's to be done with
+them. Perhaps if the naughty boys down South get uncommon
+contrite hearts, we may make them a little present
+of the blacks, not as slaves, of course, but as legal apprentices
+with undefined salaries determinable on misconduct.
+(<i>Cheers.</i>) Meantime, gentlemen, I won't deny that the
+niggers are useful in the way of moral support. They give
+this here war a holy character, and we can call it a crusade
+for freedom. A man may call his house an island if he likes,
+as has been said by one of those fiendish British writers who
+abuse our hospitality by not cracking us up. (<i>War with
+England!</i>) Well, all in good time, gentlemen. Let our
+generals learn their business first. I don't blame them,
+mind you, that they haven't learned it yet, for when a man
+has kept a whiskey-store, or a bar, or an oyster-cellar, or an
+old-clothes' shop for years, he can't be expected, merely
+because he puts on a uniform, to become a Hannibal or a
+Napoleon, or even a Marlborough or a Wellington. Likewise,
+they must learn to keep reasonable sober. Friends at
+a distance will please accept this intimation. (<i>Roars of
+Laughter.</i>) When that's done, and the rebels are whipped,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n96">[96]</a></span>
+and we are in want of more fighting, we'll see whether Richmond
+in England, where the <span class="smcap">Queen's</span> palace of Windsor
+Castle is situate lying and being, is a harder nut to crack than
+Richmond nearer us. (<i>Cheers.</i>) Gentlemen, one thing
+more. Did you ever hear the story of the farmer who had
+been insulted by an exciseman? "He wur so rude," said
+the farmer, "that I wur obliged to remonstrate with him."
+"And to what effect did you remonstrate?" asked a friend.
+"Well I don't know about effect, but I bent the poker so that
+I was obliged to get a hammer to straighten it." Gentlemen,
+we must straighten this glorious Union, and the hammer is
+taxes. (<i>Laughter.</i>) You may laugh, but you must pay.
+I don't mean to be hard upon this mighty nation, and our
+friend <span class="smcap">Mr. Cobden</span> (<i>cheers</i>) has already indirectly informed
+the besotted masses of British slaves that we intend to repudiate
+our greenbacks, except to the amount they may be
+worth in the market when redeemed. But the poker wants
+a deal of hammering, nevertheless, and you must pay up.
+You'll hear more about this from a friend of mine in the
+Government, so I only give you the hint, as the man said
+when he kicked his uncle down-stairs. (<i>Laughter.</i>) I
+believe that's about all I had to say, and this almighty Union
+will be conserved to shine through the countless ages an
+ineffable beacon and symbol of blessed and everlasting light
+and glory if you will only mind the proverb of Sancho Panza,
+which says, "Pray to God devoutly, and hammer on stoutly."
+(<i>Laughter, cheers, and cries of "Bully for you!"</i>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n98">[98]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On April 15, 1865, came a cartoon, a really
+superb one, which is sometimes reckoned Tenniel's
+masterpiece, entitled "Habet!" It represents the
+combatants as gladiators before the enthroned and
+imperial negroes ("Ave Cæsar!").</p>
+
+<p>But in sentiment at least a nobler was to come,
+the affecting picture of Britannia's tribute and
+<i>Punch's</i> amende, called simply "Abraham Lincoln,
+foully assassinated April 14, 1865."</p>
+
+<p>The accompanying verses, by Tom Taylor, not,
+as has sometimes been asserted, by Shirley
+Brooks, were a complete recantation for former
+misunderstanding and wrongdoing. They will
+bear quoting again:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center">ABRAHAM LINCOLN</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Foully Assassinated April, 14, 1865</i></p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 25%">
+
+<p>You lay a wreath on murdered Lincoln's bier,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You, who with mocking pencil wont to trace<br />
+Broad for the self-complacent British sneer<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His length of shambling limb, his furrowed face,</p>
+
+<p>His gaunt, gnarled hands, his unkempt, bristling hair,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His garb uncouth, his bearing ill at ease;<br />
+His lack of all we prize as debonair,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of power or will to shine, of art to please.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n100">[100]</a></span>
+You, whose smart pen backed up the pencil's laugh,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Judging each step, as though the way were plain;<br />
+Reckless, so it could point its paragraph<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of chief's perplexity or people's pain.</p>
+
+<p>Beside this corps, that beats for winding sheet<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Stars and Stripes he lived to rear anew,<br />
+Between the mourners at his head and feet,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Say, scurril-jester, is there room for you?</p>
+
+<p>Yes, he had lived to shame me from my sneer,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To lame my pencil, and confute my pen&mdash;<br />
+To make me own this hind of princes peer,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This rail-splitter a true-born king of men.</p>
+
+<p>My shallow judgment I had learnt to rue,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Noting how to occasion's height he rose,<br />
+How his quaint wit made home-truth seem more true,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How, iron-like, his temper grew by blows.</p>
+
+<p>How humble yet how hopeful he could be;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How in good fortune and in ill the same;<br />
+Nor bitter in success, nor boastful he,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thirsty for gold, nor feverish for fame.</p>
+
+<p>He went about his work&mdash;such work as few<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ever had laid on head and heart and hand&mdash;<br />
+As one who knows where there's a task to do<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Man's honest will must heaven's good grace command:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n102">[102]</a></span>
+Who trusts the strength will with the burden grow,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That God makes instruments to work his will,<br />
+If but that will we can arrive to know,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nor tamper with the weights of good and ill.</p>
+
+<p>So he went forth to battle on the side<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That he felt clear was liberty's and right's,<br />
+As in his peasant boyhood he had plied<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His warfare with rude nature's thwarting mights&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>The uncleared forest, the unbroken soil,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The iron back, that turns the lumberer's axe;<br />
+The rapid, that o'erbears the boatman's toil,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The prairie, hiding the mazed wanderer's tracks,</p>
+
+<p>The ambushed Indian, and the prowling bear&mdash;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such were the needs that helped his youth to train:<br />
+Rough culture&mdash;but such trees large fruit may bear<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If but their stocks be of right girth and grain.</p>
+
+<p>So he grew up, a destined work to do,<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n104">[104]</a></span>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And lived to do it; four long-suffering years'<br />
+Ill-fate, ill-feeling, ill-report lived through,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And then he heard the hisses change to cheers,</p>
+
+<p>The taunts to tribute, the abuse to praise,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And took both with the same unwavering mood:<br />
+Till, as he came on light from darkling days<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And seemed to touch the goal from where he stood,</p>
+
+<p>A felon hand, between the goal and him,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reached from behind his back, a trigger prest&mdash;<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n108">[108]</a></span>
+And those perplexed and patient eyes were dim,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Those gaunt, long-laboring limbs were laid to rest.</p>
+
+<p>The words of mercy were upon his lips,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Forgiveness in his heart and on his pen,<br />
+When this vile murderer brought swift eclipse<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To thoughts of peace on earth, good will to men.</p>
+
+<p>The Old World and the New, from sea to sea,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Utter one voice of sympathy and shame!<br />
+Sore heart, so stopped when it at last beat high,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sad life, cut short just as its triumph came.</p>
+
+<p>A deed accurst! Strokes have been struck before<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By the assassin's hand, whereof men doubt<br />
+If more of horror or disgrace they bore;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But thy foul crime, like Cain's, stands darkly out.</p>
+
+<p>Vile hand, that brandest murder on a strife,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whate'er its grounds, stoutly and nobly striven;<br />
+And with the martyr's crown crownest a life<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With much to praise, little to be forgiven!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>From that time forward <i>Punch</i> took seriously
+to heart the lesson he had taught himself, and his
+relations with Brother Jonathan were thereafter
+of a very different and a far more cordial kind.
+of a very different and a far more cordial kind.</p>
+
+<p>That these verses made a profound impression
+in the United States is undoubted. It has even
+been opined that they were largely instrumental
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="n113">[113]</a></span>
+in preventing an imminent war between Great
+Britain and the United States.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps the effect would have been less if we
+on this side had known how grudgingly the amende
+was offered. Mr. A. H. Layard in his recent
+"Life of Shirley Brooks" has invited us to take
+a peep behind the <i>Punch</i> curtain. He shows
+that the editorial staff of the paper was divided
+in the matter, Shirley Brooks leading the opposition
+against the publication of the poem. In Brooks'
+diary Mr. Layard discovered the following entry:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Dined <i>Punch</i>. All there. Let out my views
+against some verses on Lincoln in which T. T.
+(Tom Taylor) had not only made P. eat humble
+pie, but swallow dish and all."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 70%" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+
+<p class="center"> Click image to enlarge<br />
+Use browser's "previous page" button to return</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 70%" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n114">[114]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i012.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i012tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+DIVORCE A VINCULO.<br />
+Mrs. Carolina Asserts her Right to "Larrup" her Nigger.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">January</span> 19, 1861]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n115">[115]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i014.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i014tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY.<br />
+<span class="smcap">President Abe</span>. "WHAT A NICE WHITE HOUSE THIS WOULD BE,<br />
+IF IT WERE NOT FOR THE BLACKS!"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">May</span> 11, 1861]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n116">[116]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i016.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i016tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+"CÆSAR IMPERATOR!"<br />
+OR, THE AMERICAN GLADIATORS.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">May</span> 18, 1861]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n117">[117]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i018.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i018tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+NAUGHTY JONATHAN.<br />
+"YOU SHAN'T INTERFERE, MOTHER&mdash;AND YOU OUGHT TO BE ON MY SIDE&mdash;AND
+IT'S A GREAT SHAME&mdash;AND I DON'T<br />CARE&mdash;AND YOU SHALL INTERFERE&mdash;AND
+I WON'T HAVE IT."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">July</span> 6, 1861]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n118">[118]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i020.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i020tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+HOW THEY WENT TO TAKE CANADA.<br />
+"For the outrage offered in the Queen's Proclamation, the<br />
+United States will possess itself of Canada,"&mdash;New York Herald.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">August</span> 17, 1861]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n119">[119]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i022.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i022tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+A FAMILY QUARREL<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">September</span> 28, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n120">[120]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i024.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i024tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+KING COTTON BOUND;<br />Or, The Modern Prometheus.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">November</span> 2, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n121">[121]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i026.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i026tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE GENU-INE OTHELLO.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Othello.</span> "KEEP UP YOUR BRIGHT SWORDS, FOR DE DEW<br />
+WILL RUST DEM. · · · · BOTH YOU OB MY INCLINING, AND DE REST."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">November</span> 9, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n122">[122]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i028.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i028tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Bull.</span> "OH! IF YOU TWO LIKE FIGHTING BETTER THAN BUSINESS,<br />
+I SHALL DEAL AT THE OTHER SHOP."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">November</span> 16, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n123">[123]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i030.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i030tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE WILFUL BOY.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Jonathan.</span> "I WILL FIGHT&mdash;I WILL HAVE A <b>NATIONAL DEBT</b><br />
+LIKE OTHER PEOPLE"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">November</span> 23, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n124">[124]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i034.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i034tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+LOOK OUT FOR SQUALLS.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Jack Bull.</span> "YOU DO WHAT'S RIGHT, MY SON,<br />
+OR I'LL BLOW YOU OUT OF THE WATER."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">December</span> 7, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n125">[125]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i036.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i036tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+A BAD CASE OF THROWING STONES.<br />
+<i>Mr Bull.</i> "<span class="smcap">Now mind You, Sir&mdash;no Shuffling&mdash;an ample Apology&mdash;or<br />
+I put the Matter into the hands of my Lawyers, Messrs. Whitworth and<br />
+Armstrong.</span>"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">December</span> 7, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n126">[126]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i038.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i038tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+WAITING FOR AN ANSWER.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">December</span> 14, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n127">[127]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i032.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i032tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+A LIKELY STORY.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Captain Jonathan, F.N.</span> "JIST LOOK'D IN TO SEE IF<br />
+THAR'S ANY REBELS HE-ARR."<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Bull.</span> "OH, INDEED!&mdash;JOHN! LOOK AFTER THE PLATE-BASKET,<br />
+AND THEN FETCH A POLICEMAN."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">December</span> 21, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n128">[128]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i040.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i040tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+COLUMBIA'S FIX.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Columbia.</span> "WHICH ANSWER SHALL I SEND?"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">December</span> 28, 1861.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n129">[129]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i042.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i042tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+BOXING DAY.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr Punch.</span> "NOW THEN! WHICH END WILL YOU HAVE, JONATHAN?"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">January</span> 4, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n130">[130]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i044.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i044tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+"UP A TREE."<br />
+Colonel Bull and the Yankee 'Coon.<br />
+<span class="smcap">'Coon.</span> "AIR YOU IN ARNEST, COLONEL?"<br />
+<span class="smcap">Colonel Bull.</span> "I AM."<br />
+<span class="smcap">'Coon.</span> "DON'T FIRE&mdash;I'LL COME DOWN."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">January</span> 11, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n131">[131]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i046.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i046tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+NAUGHTY JONATHAN.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mrs Britannia.</span> "THERE, JOHN! HE SAYS HE IS VERY SORRY,<br />
+AND THAT HE DIDN'T MEAN TO DO IT&mdash;SO YOU CAN PUT THIS BACK INTO<br />
+THE PICKLE-TUB."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">January</span> 18, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n132">[132]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i048.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i048tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+OBERON AND TITANIA.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Oberon (Mr. President Lincoln)</span> "I DO BUT BEG A<br />
+LITTLE <b>NIGGER</b> BOY, TO BE MY HENCHMAN."<br />
+<span class="smcap">Titania (Miss Virginia)</span> "SET YOUR HEART AT REST,<br />
+THE <b>NORTHERN</b> LAND BUYS NOT THE CHILD OF ME."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">April</span> 5, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n133">[133]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i111.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i111tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+PEACE.<br />
+MR. PUNCH'S DESIGN FOR A COLOSSAL STATUE, WHICH OUGHT TO HAVE<br />
+BEEN PLACED IN THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">May</span> 3, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n134">[134]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i050.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i050tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE NEW ORLEANS PLUM.<br />
+BIG LINCOLN HORNER, UP IN A CORNER,<br />
+THINKING OF HUMBLE PIE; FOUND UNDER HIS THUMB,<br />
+A NEW ORLEANS PLUM, AND SAID, WHAT A 'CUTE YANKEE AM I!<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">May</span> 24, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n135">[135]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i052.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i052tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE "SENSATION" STRUGGLE IN AMERICA.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">June</span> 7, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n136">[136]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i054.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i054tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE LATEST FROM AMERICA;<br />
+Or, the New York "Eye-Duster," to be taken Every Day.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">July</span> 26, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n137">[137]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i056.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i056tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES ANOTHER.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Old Abe.</span> "WHY I DU DECLARE IT'S MY DEAR OLD FRIEND SAMBO!<br />
+COURSE YOU'LL FIGHT FOR US, SAMBO. LEND US A HAND, OLD HOSS, DU!"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">August</span> 9, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n138">[138]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i060.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i060tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+LINCOLN'S TWO DIFFICULTIES.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Lin.</span> "WHAT? NO MONEY! NO MEN!"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">August</span> 23, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n139">[139]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i058.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i058tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+"NOT UP TO TIME;"<br />
+Or, Interference would be very Welcome.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">September</span> 13, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n140">[140]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i064.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i064tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE OVERDUE BILL.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr. South to Mr. North.</span> "YOUR 'NINETY DAYS' PROMISSORY NOTE<br />
+ISN'T TAKEN UP YET, SIRREE!"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">September</span> 27, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n141">[141]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i062.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i062tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+MORE FREE THAN WELCOME&mdash;A PROSPECTIVE FIX.<br />
+<i>Nigger.</i> "<span class="smcap">Now den, Massa Jonathan, what you goin' to do
+wid dis Child? Eh?</span>"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 18, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n142">[142]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i066.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i066tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+ABE LINCOLN'S LAST CARD; OR, ROUGE-ET-NOIR.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 18, 1862.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n143">[143]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i068.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i068tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+LATEST FROM SPIRIT-LAND.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Ghost of King George III.</span> "WELL, MR. WASHINGTON, WHAT DO YOU<br />
+THINK OF YOUR FINE REPUBLIC NOW, EH?&mdash;WHAT D'YE THINK? WHAT D'YE THINK, EH?"<br />
+<span class="smcap">Ghost of Mr. Washington.</span> "HUMPH!"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">January</span> 10, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n144">[144]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i070.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i070tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+SCENE FROM THE AMERICAN "TEMPEST."<br />
+<span class="smcap">Caliban (Sambo).</span> "<i>YOU</i> BEAT HIM 'NOUGH, MASSA!<br />
+BERRY LITTLE TIME, I'LL <i>BEAT HIM TOO</i>."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Shakspeare.</span><br />
+(<i>Nigger Translation.</i>)<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">January</span> 24, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n145">[145]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i072.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i072tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+"BEWARE!"<br />
+<span class="smcap">Keeper.</span>"HE AIN'T ASLEEP, YOUNG JONATHAN, SO YOU'D BEST NOT IRRITATE HIM".<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">May</span> 2, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n146">[146]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i074.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i074tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE GREAT "CANNON GAME."<br />
+<span class="smcap">Abe Lincoln (aside).</span> "DARN'D IF HE AIN'T SCORED AG'IN!&mdash;WISH<br />
+I COULD MAKE A FEW <i>WINNING</i> HAZARDS FOR A CHANGE."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">May</span> 9, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n147">[147]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i076.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i076tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+"ROWDY" NOTIONS OF EMANCIPATION.<br />
+"The mob on the corner, below my house, had hung up a negro to the<br />
+lamp-post. In mockery, a cigar was placed in his mouth. * * * For<br />
+hours these scared negroes poured up Twenty-seventh Street, passing<br />
+my house. * * * One old negro, 70 years old, blind as a bat, and<br />
+such a cripple that he could hardly move, was led along by his<br />
+equally aged wife with a few rags they had saved, trembling with<br />
+fright, and not knowing where to go."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Manhattan's</span> <i>Letter in the Standard, July 30th.</i><br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">August</span> 8, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n148">[148]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i078.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i078tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+BRUTUS AND CÆSAR.<br />
+(From the American Edition of Shakspeare.)<br />
+<i>The Tent of</i> <span class="smcap">Brutus (Lincoln)</span>. <i>Night. Enter the
+Ghost of</i> <span class="smcap">Cæsar</span>.<br />
+<i>Brutus.</i> Wall, now! Do tell! Who's you?<br />
+<i>Cæsar.</i> I am dy ebil genus, massa <span class="smcap">Linking</span>.<br />
+Dis child am awful Inimpressional.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">August</span> 15, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n149">[149]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i080.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i080tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE BLACK CONSCRIPTION.<br />
+"WHEN BLACK MEETS BLACK THEN COMES THE END (?) OF WAR.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">September</span> 26, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n150">[150]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i082.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i082tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+JOHN BULL'S NEUTRALITY.<br />
+"LOOK HERE, BOYS, I DON'T CARE TWOPENCE FOR YOUR NOISE, BUT IF YOU<br />
+THROW STONES AT MY WINDOWS, I MUST <i>THRASH YOU BOTH</i>.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 3, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n151">[151]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i084.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i084tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS, OR THE MODERN ULYSSES.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 10, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n152">[152]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i086.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i086tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE STORM-SIGNAL.<br />
+We know not whence the storm may come,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">But its coming's in the air,</span><br />
+And this is the warning of the drum,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Against the storm, <span class="smcap">Prepare</span>!<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 17, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n153">[153]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i088.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i088tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+EXTREMES MEET.<br />
+<i>Abe.</i> Imperial son of <span class="smcap">Nicholas</span> the Great,<br />
+We air in the same fix, I calculate,<br />
+You with your Poles, with Southern rebels I,<br />
+Who spurn my rule and my revenge defy.<br />
+<i>Alex.</i> Vengeance is mine, old man; see where it falls,<br />
+Behold yon hearths laid waste, and ruined walls,<br />
+Yon gibbets, where the struggling patriot hangs,<br />
+Whilst my brave myrmidons enjoy his pangs.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 24, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n154">[154]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i090.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i090tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+"BEECHER'S AMERICAN SOOTHING SYRUP."<br />
+"If I have said anything against England, I'll stick to it.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">* * * When I look not to the sentiments of popular assemblies,</span><br />
+but to such significant acts as the detention of those Rams at<br />
+Liverpool (<i>cheers</i>); when I look to such weighty words<br />
+as those spoken by <span class="smcap">Earl Russell</span> at Glasgow, and by<br />
+the Attorney General at Richmond * * * I feel that the two<br />
+nations are still one in the cause of civilisation, of religion,<br />
+and I trust we shall continue to be one in international policy,<br />
+and one in every enterprise."&mdash;<i>Rev. Ward Beecher at Exeter Hall.</i><br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 31, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n155">[155]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i092.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i092tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+"HOLDING A CANDLE TO THE *****" (MUCH THE SAME THING.)<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">November</span> 7, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n156">[156]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i094.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i094tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+NEUTRALITY.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mrs. North.</span> "HOW ABOUT THE <i>ALABAMA</i> YOU WICKED OLD MAN?"<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mrs. South.</span> "WHERE'S MY RAMS? TAKE BACK YOUR PRECIOUS<br />
+CONSULS&mdash;THERE!!!"<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">November</span> 14, 1863.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n157">[157]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i096.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i096tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+SOMETHING FOR PADDY.<br />
+<span class="smcap">O'Connell's Statue (loq).</span> "IT'S A <i>REPALER</i> YE CALL<br />
+YOURSELF, YE SPALPEEN, AND YOU'RE GOIN' TO DIE FOR THE <i>UNION</i>."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">August</span> 20, 1864.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n158">[158]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i098.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i098tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+VERY PROBABLE.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Lord Punch.</span> "THAT WAS JEFF DAVIS, PAM! DON'T YOU RECOGNISE HIM?"<br />
+<span class="smcap">Lord Pam.</span> "HM! WELL, NOT EXACTLY&mdash;MAY HAVE TO DO SO SOME OF THESE DAYS."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">August</span> 27, 1864.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n159">[159]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i100.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i100tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+MRS. NORTH AND HER ATTORNEY.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mrs. North.</span> "YOU SEE, MR. LINCOLN, WE HAVE FAILED UTTERLY IN<br />
+OUR COURSE OF ACTION; I WANT PEACE, AND SO, IF YOU CANNOT<br />
+EFFECT AN AMICABLE ARRANGEMENT, I MUST PUT THE CASE INTO OTHER HANDS."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">September</span> 24, 1864.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n160">[160]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i101.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i101tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+COLUMBIA'S SEWING-MACHINE.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mrs. Britannia.</span> "AH, MY DEAR COLUMBIA, IT'S ALL VERY WELL;<br />
+BUT I'M AFRAID YOU'LL FIND IT DIFFICULT TO JOIN <i>THAT</i> NEATLY."<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">October</span> 1, 1864.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n161">[161]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i102.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i102tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE BLACK DRAFT.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">November</span> 19, 1864.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n162">[162]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i104.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i104tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE FEDERAL PH&OElig;NIX.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">December</span> 3, 1864.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n163">[163]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i105.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i105tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+GRAND TRANSFORMATION SCENE FOR THE END OF THE YEAR 1864.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">December</span> 31, 1864.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n164">[164]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i106.png">
+<img style="width: 20%" src="images/i106tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE THREATENING NOTICE.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Attorney Lincoln.</span> "NOW UNCLE SAM, YOU'RE IN A DARNED HURRY TO<br />
+SERVE THIS HERE NOTICE ON JOHN BULL. NOW, IT'S MY DUTY, AS YOUR<br />
+ATTORNEY, TO TELL YOU THAT YOU <i>MAY</i> DRIVE HIM TO GO OVER TO<br />
+THAT CUSS, DAVIS&mdash;&mdash;" (<i>Uncle Sam Considers.</i>)<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">February</span> 181, 1865.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n165">[165]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i108.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i108tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+VULCAN IN THE SULKS.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Britannia.</span> "IF YOU TURN SULKY, AND WON'T MAKE MY ARMOUR,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">HOW SHALL I BE ABLE TO RESIST MARS?"</span><br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">March</span> 25, 1865.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n166">[166]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i109.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i109tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+THE AMERICAN GLADIATORS&mdash;HABET!<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">April</span> 29, 1865.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="n167">[167]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="caption">
+<a href="images/i110.png">
+<img style="width: 30%" src="images/i110tb.png" alt=" " title=" " /><br />
+BRITANNIA SYMPATHISES WITH COLUMBIA.<br />
+[Punch: <span class="smcap">May</span> 6, 1865.]</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a href="#nlist">To top<br />of list</a></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 70%" />
+
+<p>
+Transcriber's Note.<br />
+(1) Spelling, punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected,<br />
+with the exception of those which occur in the illustrations and text<br />
+copied directly from "Punch".<br />
+(2) The book titles on images 4 and 8 have been removed as unnecessary<br />
+duplications.<br />
+(3) Most of the 49 pages of text consist of lengthy paragraphs, blockquotes<br />
+and poems. Only a small proportion relate to specific adjacent cartoons,<br />
+which are nearly all in chronological order, full-size on alternate pages of the<br />
+book. As a result of these two factors, normal HTML-version procedures<br />
+created an unacceptably uncomfortable read, often breaking with only a few<br />
+lines of text between two screen-width illustrations, completely irrelevant<br />
+to the nearby text. It was therefore decided to move all the cartoons to the<br />
+end of the book, with links to the List of Illustrations.<br />
+(4) Resulting from the decision in (3), the page numbers in the List of<br />
+Illustrations coincide with the restructured format, not with the original book.
+</p>
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON PUNCH***</p>
+<p>******* This file should be named 38056-h.txt or 38056-h.zip *******</p>
+<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br />
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/8/0/5/38056">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/0/5/38056</a></p>
+<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.</p>
+
+<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.</p>
+
+
+
+<pre>
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license">http://www.gutenberg.org/license)</a>.
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's
+eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII,
+compressed (zipped), HTML and others.
+
+Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over
+the old filename and etext number.  The replaced older file is renamed.
+VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving
+new filenames and etext numbers.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">http://www.gutenberg.org</a>
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000,
+are filed in directories based on their release date.  If you want to
+download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular
+search system you may utilize the following addresses and just
+download by the etext year.
+
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/</a>
+
+    (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99,
+     98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90)
+
+EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are
+filed in a different way.  The year of a release date is no longer part
+of the directory path.  The path is based on the etext number (which is
+identical to the filename).  The path to the file is made up of single
+digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename.  For
+example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at:
+
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/0/2/3/10234
+
+or filename 24689 would be found at:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/6/8/24689
+
+An alternative method of locating eBooks:
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL</a>
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i003.png b/38056-h/images/i003.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5ea2a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i003.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i003tb.png b/38056-h/images/i003tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eae7350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i003tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i004.jpg b/38056-h/images/i004.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e420163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i004.jpg
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i012.png b/38056-h/images/i012.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a19822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i012.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i012tb.png b/38056-h/images/i012tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..051cb4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i012tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i014.png b/38056-h/images/i014.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b629668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i014.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i014tb.png b/38056-h/images/i014tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..beba86f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i014tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i016.png b/38056-h/images/i016.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcc6a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i016.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i016tb.png b/38056-h/images/i016tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d67d020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i016tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i018.png b/38056-h/images/i018.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93bb6fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i018.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i018tb.png b/38056-h/images/i018tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb50cb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i018tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i020.png b/38056-h/images/i020.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec0f2f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i020.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i020tb.png b/38056-h/images/i020tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c4c48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i020tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i022.png b/38056-h/images/i022.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ec3b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i022.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i022tb.png b/38056-h/images/i022tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ada4957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i022tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i024.png b/38056-h/images/i024.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..882fa98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i024.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i024tb.png b/38056-h/images/i024tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e67504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i024tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i026.png b/38056-h/images/i026.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39918f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i026.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i026tb.png b/38056-h/images/i026tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c93a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i026tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i028.png b/38056-h/images/i028.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..536724a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i028.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i028tb.png b/38056-h/images/i028tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bdb7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i028tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i030.png b/38056-h/images/i030.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb3b7cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i030.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i030tb.png b/38056-h/images/i030tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e21d3b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i030tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i032.png b/38056-h/images/i032.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b4cbf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i032.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i032tb.png b/38056-h/images/i032tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7ad04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i032tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i034.png b/38056-h/images/i034.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27b1578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i034.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i034tb.png b/38056-h/images/i034tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0086829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i034tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i036.png b/38056-h/images/i036.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b445c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i036.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i036tb.png b/38056-h/images/i036tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..570d9cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i036tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i038.png b/38056-h/images/i038.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74a6318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i038.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i038tb.png b/38056-h/images/i038tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2952b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i038tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i040.png b/38056-h/images/i040.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee5a532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i040.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i040tb.png b/38056-h/images/i040tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cded029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i040tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i042.png b/38056-h/images/i042.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b806082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i042.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i042tb.png b/38056-h/images/i042tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70f304e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i042tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i044.png b/38056-h/images/i044.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3abaf63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i044.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i044tb.png b/38056-h/images/i044tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b74fef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i044tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i046.png b/38056-h/images/i046.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a36b15f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i046.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i046tb.png b/38056-h/images/i046tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2cf576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i046tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i048.png b/38056-h/images/i048.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af660d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i048.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i048tb.png b/38056-h/images/i048tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2d3aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i048tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i050.png b/38056-h/images/i050.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..801d2a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i050.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i050tb.png b/38056-h/images/i050tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5af6b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i050tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i052.png b/38056-h/images/i052.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c5b9ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i052.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i052tb.png b/38056-h/images/i052tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f12d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i052tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i054.png b/38056-h/images/i054.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1f6454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i054.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i054tb.png b/38056-h/images/i054tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79e02bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i054tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i056.png b/38056-h/images/i056.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e105c36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i056.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i056tb.png b/38056-h/images/i056tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa774c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i056tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i058.png b/38056-h/images/i058.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e4ac7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i058.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i058tb.png b/38056-h/images/i058tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10b43b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i058tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i060.png b/38056-h/images/i060.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbff000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i060.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i060tb.png b/38056-h/images/i060tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4db48e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i060tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i062.png b/38056-h/images/i062.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..974915a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i062.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i062tb.png b/38056-h/images/i062tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa50979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i062tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i064.png b/38056-h/images/i064.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64bad2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i064.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i064tb.png b/38056-h/images/i064tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..196a0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i064tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i066.png b/38056-h/images/i066.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..213a4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i066.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i066tb.png b/38056-h/images/i066tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b491317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i066tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i068.png b/38056-h/images/i068.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4aa698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i068.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i068tb.png b/38056-h/images/i068tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4a1611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i068tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i070.png b/38056-h/images/i070.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..245aff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i070.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i070tb.png b/38056-h/images/i070tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c20b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i070tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i072.png b/38056-h/images/i072.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0202f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i072.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i072tb.png b/38056-h/images/i072tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3d1a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i072tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i074.png b/38056-h/images/i074.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44e556a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i074.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i074tb.png b/38056-h/images/i074tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eab74b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i074tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i076.png b/38056-h/images/i076.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a026e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i076.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i076tb.png b/38056-h/images/i076tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5299b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i076tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i078.png b/38056-h/images/i078.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd5d123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i078.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i078tb.png b/38056-h/images/i078tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc742f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i078tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i080.png b/38056-h/images/i080.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19ab496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i080.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i080tb.png b/38056-h/images/i080tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d867e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i080tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i082.png b/38056-h/images/i082.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88e88de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i082.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i082tb.png b/38056-h/images/i082tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdc2d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i082tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i084.png b/38056-h/images/i084.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71bad45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i084.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i084tb.png b/38056-h/images/i084tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..394a11e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i084tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i086.png b/38056-h/images/i086.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4417d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i086.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i086tb.png b/38056-h/images/i086tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10f2ee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i086tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i088.png b/38056-h/images/i088.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0080bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i088.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i088tb.png b/38056-h/images/i088tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b06fdd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i088tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i090.png b/38056-h/images/i090.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c2a49e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i090.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i090tb.png b/38056-h/images/i090tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5859d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i090tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i092.png b/38056-h/images/i092.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..378af32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i092.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i092tb.png b/38056-h/images/i092tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1565a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i092tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i094.png b/38056-h/images/i094.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d43511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i094.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i094tb.png b/38056-h/images/i094tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82effa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i094tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i096.png b/38056-h/images/i096.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2961b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i096.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i096tb.png b/38056-h/images/i096tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a9a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i096tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i098.png b/38056-h/images/i098.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1bf8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i098.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i098tb.png b/38056-h/images/i098tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd3ac57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i098tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i100.png b/38056-h/images/i100.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f4ca39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i100.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i100tb.png b/38056-h/images/i100tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7ea0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i100tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i101.png b/38056-h/images/i101.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8101559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i101.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i101tb.png b/38056-h/images/i101tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..339a776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i101tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i102.png b/38056-h/images/i102.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0fc6db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i102.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i102tb.png b/38056-h/images/i102tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b574a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i102tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i104.png b/38056-h/images/i104.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0acbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i104.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i104tb.png b/38056-h/images/i104tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..863d269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i104tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i105.png b/38056-h/images/i105.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8268e68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i105.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i105tb.png b/38056-h/images/i105tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d20902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i105tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i106.png b/38056-h/images/i106.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d883708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i106.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i106tb.png b/38056-h/images/i106tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab05fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i106tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i108.png b/38056-h/images/i108.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4508cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i108.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i108tb.png b/38056-h/images/i108tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..977fd86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i108tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i109.png b/38056-h/images/i109.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b83f4ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i109.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i109tb.png b/38056-h/images/i109tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7af9dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i109tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i110.png b/38056-h/images/i110.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa5fdf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i110.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i110tb.png b/38056-h/images/i110tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..904682a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i110tb.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i111.png b/38056-h/images/i111.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5eb60d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i111.png
diff --git a/38056-h/images/i111tb.png b/38056-h/images/i111tb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80dbfbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056-h/images/i111tb.png
diff --git a/38056.txt b/38056.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcb8512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2224 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch, Edited
+by William Shepard Walsh
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch
+       Cartoons, Comments and Poems, Published in the London Charivari, During the American Civil War (1861-1865)
+
+
+Editor: William Shepard Walsh
+
+Release Date: November 19, 2011  [eBook #38056]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON
+PUNCH***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Eric Skeet, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
+available by Internet Archive (http://www.archive.org)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 38056-h.htm or 38056-h.zip:
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38056/38056-h/38056-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38056/38056-h.zip)
+
+
+      Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive. See
+      http://www.archive.org/details/abrahamlincolnth00walsrich
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+      Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
+
+      Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).
+
+      The oe-ligature is represented by [oe] or [OE].
+
+
+
+
+
+ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON PUNCH
+
+
+[Illustration: THE AMERICAN JUGGERNAUT]
+
+
+ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON PUNCH
+
+Cartoons, Comments and Poems, Published in the London Charivari,
+During the American Civil War (1861-1865)
+
+Edited by
+
+WILLIAM S. WALSH
+
+Author of "A Handbook of Literary Curiosities," "Curiosities of
+Popular Customs," "Faust, the Legend and the Poem," etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+New York
+Moffat, Yard and Company
+1909
+
+Copyright 1909, by
+William S. Walsh
+New York
+Published March 1909
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+                                              PAGE
+
+        The American Juggernaut     _Frontispiece_
+
+        Divorce A Vinculo                       12
+
+        The American Difficulty                 14
+
+        The American Gladiators                 14
+
+        Naughty Jonathan                        20
+
+        How they went to take Canada            20
+
+        A Family Quarrel                        20
+
+        King Cotton Bound                       22
+
+        The Genu-ine Othello                    26
+
+        Over the Way                            28
+
+        The Wilful Boy                          33
+
+        A Likely Story                          34
+
+        Look out for Squalls                    40
+
+        A Bad Case of Throwing Stones           42
+
+        Waiting for an Answer                   42
+
+        Columbia's Fix                          42
+
+        Boxing Day                              46
+
+        "Up a Tree"                             46
+
+        Naughty Jonathan                        48
+
+        Oberon and Titania                      50
+
+        The New Orleans Plume                   52
+
+        The "Sensation" Struggle in America     54
+
+        The Latest from America                 56
+
+        One Good Turn Deserves Another          58
+
+        "Not up to Time"                        60
+
+        Lincoln's Two Difficulties              60
+
+        More Free than Welcome                  60
+
+        The Overdue Bill                        62
+
+        Abe Lincoln's Last Card                 64
+
+        Latest from Spirit-Land                 64
+
+        Scene from the American "Tempest"       64
+
+        "Beware"                                66
+
+        The Great "Cannon Game"                 70
+
+        "Rowdy" Notions of Emancipation         72
+
+        Brutus and Caesar                        74
+
+        The Black Conscription                  74
+
+        John Bull's Neutrality                  76
+
+        Scylla and Charybdis                    79
+
+        The Storm-Signal                        84
+
+        Extremes Meet                           86
+
+        "Beecher's American Soothing Syrup"     88
+
+        "Holding a Candle to the ****"          97
+
+        Neutrality                              98
+
+        Something for Paddy                     98
+
+        Very Probable                           98
+
+        Mrs. North and her Attorney            106
+
+        Columbia's Sewing-Machine              106
+
+        The Black Draft                        109
+
+        The Federal Ph[oe]nix                  109
+
+        Grand Transformation Scene             109
+
+        The Threatening Notice                 109
+
+        Vulcan in the Sulks                    109
+
+        The American Gladiators--Habet!        111
+
+        Brittania Sympathises with Columbia    111
+
+        Peace                                  112
+
+
+
+
+ABRAHAM LINCOLN
+AND THE
+LONDON PUNCH
+
+
+"Tell me what a man laughs at, and I will tell you what he is," was one
+of Goethe's pregnant apothegms.
+
+Laughter, one of the chief lines of cleavage between man and beast, is
+one of the chief points of differentiation between man and man. From the
+good-natured banter which kins all the world to the envenomed sneer that
+sunders it, laughter runs the whole gamut of human emotions.
+
+It is always sincere, even in its own despite. No subterfuge, when
+subterfuge underlies it, is more easily unmasked. A man may smile and
+smile and be a villain, but villainy by the seeing eye can be infallibly
+detected beneath the smile.
+
+A counterfeit laugh may be uttered, as counterfeit coin is uttered, but
+it does not ring true. Its baseness reveals itself to more senses than
+one.
+
+Now for more than sixty years the recognized organ of British laughter
+has been the London _Punch_. The contemporary mood of John Bull towards
+Brother Jonathan has always voiced itself through the grinning lips of
+this chartered jester.
+
+It cannot be said that even before the outbreak of the Civil War _Punch_
+had shown itself friendly to America or Americans. Why should it? The
+British mob disliked us and flouted us. _Punch_ as the mouthpiece of the
+mob, followed suit. In the original prospectus of that journal, issued
+in 1845, it was expressly announced that the paper was to be devoted in
+part to "Yankee yarns," to "the naturalization of those alien Jonathans
+whose adherence to the truth has forced them to emigrate from their
+native land." It would appear from this new crook-backed Daniel come to
+judgment, that Ananias and Autolycus were models of punctilious honesty
+and meticulous truthfulness compared with the average American.
+
+[Illustration: DIVORCE A VINCULO.
+Mrs. Carolina Asserts her Right to "Larrup" her Nigger.]
+
+Writing from Boston to Sir Edward Head, in 1854, George Ticknor said: "I
+am much struck with what you say about the ignorance that prevails in
+England, concerning this country and its institutions, and the mischief
+likely to spring from it. From _Punch_ up to your leading statesmen,
+things are constantly said and done out of sheer misapprehension, or
+ignorance, that have for some time been breeding ill-will here, and are
+likely to breed more."
+
+[Illustration: THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY.
+PRESIDENT ABE. "WHAT A NICE WHITE HOUSE THIS WOULD BE,
+IF IT WERE NOT FOR THE BLACKS!"]
+
+Up to, and even immediately after the war,
+_Punch's_ sympathies professedly leaned towards
+the North, though it took occasion to lecture both
+sides from the standpoint of a disinterested and
+superior friend, who saw that neither side was
+absolutely and unconditionally right.
+
+When the news of the secession of South Carolina
+reached England, in January, 1861, John
+Tenniel contributed a cartoon to the jester's pages
+entitled: "Divorce a Vinculo" with the explanatory
+subtitle "Mrs. Carolina asserts her rights to
+'larrup' her nigger." Mrs. Carolina was represented
+as a vulgar virago holding a cat-o-nine tails
+in her right hand, and shaking her clenched left
+fist in the face of a serenely defiant youth,
+clad in a star-spangled shirt, to whom a
+little brat of a nigger appealed with clasped
+hands.
+
+[Illustration: "CAESAR IMPERATOR!"
+OR, THE AMERICAN GLADIATORS.]
+
+In the same number the following poem breathed a similar anti-secession
+sentiment.
+
+
+
+
+           SECESSION AND SLAVERY
+
+
+      Secede, ye Southern States, secede,
+        No better plan could be,
+      If you of niggers would be freed,
+        To set your niggers free.
+      Runaway slaves by federal law
+        At present you reclaim;
+      So from the Union straight withdraw
+        And play the Free Soil game.
+
+      What, when you've once the knot untied,
+        Will bind the Northern men?
+      And who'll resign to your cow-hide
+        The fugitives again?
+      Absquatulate, then, slick as grease,
+        And break up unity,
+      Or take your president in peace
+        And eat your humble pie.
+
+      But if your stomachs proud disdain
+        That salutary meal
+      And you, in passion worse than vain,
+        Must rend the commonweal,
+      Then all mankind will jest and scoff
+        At people in the case
+      Of him that hastily cut off
+        His nose to spite his face.
+
+Later, _Punch_ applauded that portion of Abraham Lincoln's first
+inaugural, which dealt with the question of secession.
+
+
+
+
+                      THE COMMINUTED STATES
+
+
+     Who can say where Secession will stop? That is a question which is
+     raised by MR. LINCOLN, in a part of his inaugural address, directed
+     to enforce upon fools and madmen the necessity of acquiescence by
+     minorities in the decision of majorities. The President tells the
+     frantic portion of his fellow countrymen that:--
+
+     "There is no alternative for continuing the Government but
+     acquiescence on one side or the other. If a minority in such a case
+     will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in
+     turn will ruin and divide them, for a minority of their own will
+     secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be controlled by
+     such a minority. For instance, why may not any portion of a new
+     confederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again,
+     precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from
+     it? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to
+     the exact temper of doing this."
+
+     The force of this simple reasoning will be seen by the lunatics to
+     whom it is addressed, during their lucid intervals, if they have
+     any. It may even be hoped that some of them may recover the use of
+     their reflecting faculties so far as to be enabled to follow out
+     PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S argument, and their own folly, into ultimate
+     consequences and conclusions. Then they will see what is likely to
+     be the end of Secession, for it is not quite true that there is no
+     end to Secession, and the end of Secession will be for the
+     Secessionists an end of everything. Seceders will go on seceding
+     and subseceding, until at last every citizen will secede from every
+     other citizen, and each individual will be a sovereign state in
+     himself, self-government personified, a walking autonomy, a lone
+     star, doing business and supporting itself off its own hook.
+
+[Illustration: NAUGHTY JONATHAN.
+"YOU SHAN'T INTERFERE, MOTHER--AND YOU OUGHT TO BE ON MY SIDE--AND
+IT'S A GREAT SHAME--AND I DON'T CARE--AND YOU SHALL INTERFERE--AND
+I WON'T HAVE IT."]
+
+When the seceding states were in search of a name, _Punch_ suggested
+that of Slaveownia, and when at the convention held February 9, 1861, at
+Montgomery, Alabama, they adopted the title of the Confederate States of
+America, _Punch_ reopened his battery in this fashion:
+
+[Illustration: HOW THEY WENT TO TAKE CANADA.
+"For the outrage offered in the Queen's Proclamation, the
+United States will possess itself of Canada,"--New York Herald.]
+
+     "The Southern Secessionists must be admitted to be blessed with at
+     least the philosophical virtue of self-knowledge. They term this
+     new league the 'Confederate States of America'; thus they call
+     themselves by what they doubtless feel to be their right name. They
+     are confederates in the crime of upholding slavery. A correct
+     estimate of their moral position is manifest in that distinctive
+     denomination of theirs, 'Confederate States.' This title is a
+     beautiful antithesis to that of the United States of America. The
+     more doggedly confederate slave mongers combine, the more firmly
+     good republicans should unite."
+
+[Illustration: SEPTEMBER 28, 1861.
+A FAMILY QUARREL]
+
+Once more when reviewing Jefferson Davis' message to the Confederate
+Congress, _Punch_ recognized that slavery was really the bone of
+contention between the two sections:
+
+
+
+
+              THE JUST AND HOLY CAUSE OF SLAVERY
+
+
+     "We feel," says PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS, in his Message to the
+     Secessional Congress, "that our cause is just and holy." Could not
+     the negroes of the Southern States, if they rose against their
+     masters, say just as much, with at least equal justice, for their
+     own insurrection? The less MR DAVIS says about justice and holiness
+     the better, if he does not want to preach a dangerous doctrine,
+     besides being considered a humbug. "Dash holiness, and justice be
+     blanked!" is the consistent language for MR. JEFFERSON DAVIS.
+     "Might is right; we expect to thrash the Northerners; and the
+     Institution of Slavery for ever!"
+
+Again, when General Beauregard declared in a proclamation to the South
+that "unborn generations would arise and call them blessed," _Punch_
+declared that the reporters, with their proverbial inaccuracy, had
+omitted the concluding word "rascals."
+
+[Illustration: KING COTTON BOUND;
+Or, The Modern Prometheus.]
+
+Yet even now, it appealed to both sections to restrain their hands from
+flying at each other's throats:
+
+
+
+
+             ODE TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH
+
+
+      O JONATHAN and JEFFERSON,
+        Come listen to my song;
+      I can't decide, my word upon,
+        Which of you is most wrong.
+      I do declare I am afraid
+        To say which worse behaves,
+      The North, imposing bonds on Trade,
+        Or South, that Man enslaves.
+
+      And here you are about to fight,
+        And wage intestine war,
+      Not either of you in the right:
+        What simpletons you are!
+      Too late your madness you will see,
+        And when your passion cools,
+      "Snakes!" you will bellow, "How could we
+        Have been such 'tarnal fools!"
+
+      One thing is certain; that if you
+        Blow out each other's brains,
+      'Twill be apparent what a few
+        Each blockhead's skull contains.
+      You'll have just nothing for your cost,
+        To show, when all is done.
+      Greatness and glory you'll have lost;
+        And not a dollar won.
+
+      Oh, joined to us by blood, and by
+        The bond of kindred speech,
+      And further, by the special tie
+        Of slang, bound each to each,
+      All-fired gonies, softhorn'd pair,
+        Each other will you lick?
+      You everlastin' dolts, forbear!
+        Throw down your arms right slick.
+
+      You'll chaw each other up, you two,
+        Like those Kilkenny cats,
+      When they had better things to do,
+        Improvin' off the rats.
+      Now come, shake hands, together jog
+        On friendly yet once more;
+      Whip one another not: and flog
+        Creation, as before!
+
+Still again, _Punch_ showed good feeling in admonishing Lord Palmerston,
+after firing on Sumter, to keep Great Britain neutral.
+
+[Illustration: THE GENU-INE OTHELLO.
+OTHELLO. "KEEP UP YOUR BRIGHT SWORDS, FOR DE DEW
+WILL RUST DEM. . . . . BOTH YOU OB MY INCLINING, AND DE REST."]
+
+"Well Pam," says Mr. Punch to his workman, "of course I shall keep you
+on, but you must stick to peace-work."
+
+Nor could the North object to the cartoon, in May, 1861, in which
+Lincoln made his first appearance in _Punch_. The face, faithfully
+limned from the early beardless photographs, represented him as a man of
+clean-cut intelligent features,--in marked contrast to the bearded
+ruffian, a repulsive compound of malice, vulgarity and cunning which
+John Tenniel's pencil subsequently delighted to give to the world as a
+counterfeit presentment of the President of the United States.
+
+In this first picture Lincoln is represented as poking the fire and
+filling the room with particles of soot, saying with downcast look:
+
+"What a nice White House it would be, if it were not for the blacks."
+
+[Illustration: OVER THE WAY.
+MR. BULL. "OH! IF YOU TWO LIKE FIGHTING BETTER THAN BUSINESS,
+I SHALL DEAL AT THE OTHER SHOP."]
+
+Nevertheless, the poem with which _Punch_ greeted the news of the fall
+of Fort Sumter was not calculated to arouse kindly sentiments in the
+North.
+
+
+
+
+      INK, BLOOD AND TEARS
+
+      (THE TAKING OF FORT SUMTER.)
+
+
+      A Forty hours' bombardment! Great guns throwing
+        Their iron hail: shells their mad mines exploding:
+      Furnaces lighted: shot at red-heat glowing:
+        Shore-battr'ies and fort-armament, firing, loading--
+      War's visible hell let loose for forty hours,
+      And all her devils free to use their powers--
+      And yet not one man hit, her flag when Sumter lowers.
+
+      "Oh, here's a theme!" quoth Punch, of brag abhorrent,
+        "'Twixt promise and performance rare proportion!
+      This show-cloth, of live lions, giving warrant,
+        Masking some mangy, stunted, stuffed abortion:
+      These gorgeous covers hiding empty dishes,
+      These whale-like antics among little fishes--
+      Here is the very stuff to meet my dearest wishes.
+
+      What ringing of each change on brag and bluster!
+        These figures huge of speech, summed in a zero:
+      This war-march, ushering in _Bombastes'_ muster:
+        This entry of _Tom Thumb_, armed like a hero.
+      Of all great cries e'er raised o'er little wool,
+      Of all big bubbles by fools' breath filled full,
+      Sure here's the greatest yet, and emptiest, for JOHN BULL!
+
+      JOHN always thought JONATHAN, his young brother,
+        A little of a bully; said he swaggered:
+      But in all change of chaff with one another,
+        Nor JOHN nor JONATHAN was e'er called 'laggard.'
+      But now, if JOHN mayn't JONATHAN style 'coward,'
+      He _may_ hint Stripes and Stars were better lowered
+      From that tall height to which, till now, their flag-staff towered."
+
+      _Punch_ nibbed his pen, all jubilant, for galling--
+        When suddenly a weight weighed down the feather,
+      And a red liquid, drop by drop, slow falling,
+        Came from the nib; and the drops rolled together,
+      And steamed and smoked and sung--"Not ink, but blood;
+      Drops now, but soon to swell into a flood,
+      Perchance e'er Summer's leaf has burst Spring's guarding bud.
+
+      Blood by a brother's hand drawn from a brother--
+        And they by whom 'tis ta'en, by whom 'tis given,
+      Are both the children of an English mother;
+        Once with that mother, in her wrath, they've striven:
+      Was't not enough, that parricidal jar,
+      But they must now meet in fraternal war?
+      If such strife draw no blood shall England scoff therefore?
+
+      If she will laugh, through thee, her chartered wit,
+        Use thou no ink wherewith to pen thy scoff:
+      We'll find a liquor for thy pen more fit--
+        We blood drops--see how smartly thou'lt round off
+      Point, pun and paragraph in this new way:
+      Till men shall read and laugh, and, laughing, say,
+      'Well thrust! _Punch_ is in vein: 'tis his red-letter day.'"
+
+      The weight sat on my quill: I could not write;
+        The red drops lustered to my pen--in vain;
+      I had my theme--"Brothers that meet in fight,
+        Yet shed no blood!"--my jesting mood turned pain.
+      I thought of all that civil love endears,
+      That civil strife breaks up and rends and sears,
+      And lo! the blood-drops in my pen were changed to tears!
+
+      And for the hoarse tongues that those bloody gouts
+        Had found, or seemed to find, upon my ears
+      Came up a gentle song in linked bouts,
+        Of long-drawn sweetness--pity breathed through tears.
+
+              And thus they sang--"'Twas not by chance,
+                Still less by fraud or fear,
+              That Sumter's battle came and closed,
+                Nor cost the world a tear."
+
+[Illustration: THE WILFUL BOY.
+JONATHAN. "I WILL FIGHT--I WILL HAVE A =NATIONAL DEBT=
+LIKE OTHER PEOPLE"]
+
+It was the Southern victory of Bull Run and the Northern policy of
+blockade that finally and definitely changed the attitude of England and
+of _Punch_. The victory gave hopes that the Confederates might be
+successful in overturning a hated and dreaded republic; the blockade
+aroused fears that the pocket of the British manufacturer might be
+damaged. All pretence of love for the negro was swallowed up by these
+more potent and more personal emotions.
+
+[Illustration: A LIKELY STORY.
+CAPTAIN JONATHAN, F.N. "JIST LOOK'D IN TO SEE IF
+THAR'S ANY REBELS HE-ARR."
+MR. BULL. "OH, INDEED!--JOHN! LOOK AFTER THE PLATE-BASKET,
+AND THEN FETCH A POLICEMAN."]
+
+On November 2, 1861, in a cartoon and an accompanying poem _Punch_
+sought to put its commercial anxiety on an altruistic plane. Here is the
+poem:
+
+
+
+
+      KING COTTON BOUND; OR, THE NEW PROMETHEUS.
+
+
+      Far across Atlantic waters
+        Groans in chains a Giant King;
+      Like to him, whom Ocean's daughters
+        Wail around in mournful ring,
+      In the grand old Grecian strains
+      Of PROMETHEUS in his chains!
+
+      Needs but Fancy's pencil pliant
+        Both to paint till both agree;
+      For King Cotton is a giant,
+        As PROMETHEUS claimed to be.
+      Each gave blessings unto men,
+      Each dishonour reaped again.
+
+      From the gods to sons of clay
+        If PROMETHEUS brought the flame,
+      Who King Cotton can gainsay,
+        Should he equal honour claim?
+      Fire and life to millions giving,
+      That, without him, had no living.
+
+      And if they are one in blessing,
+        So in suffering they are one;
+      Both, their captive state confessing,
+        Freeze in frost and scorch in sun:
+      That, upon his mountain chain,
+      This, upon his parching plain.
+
+      Nor the wild bird's self is wanting--
+        Either giant's torment sore;
+      If PROMETHEUS writhed, while panting
+        Heart and lungs the vulture tore,
+      So Columbia's eagle fierce,
+      Doth King Cotton's vitals pierce.
+
+      On those wings so widely sweeping
+        In its poise the bird to keep,
+      See, if you can see for weeping.
+        "North" and "South" are branded deep--
+      On the beak all reeking red,
+      On the talons blood-bespread!
+
+      But 'tis not so much the anguish
+        Of the wound that rends his side,
+      Makes this fettered giant languish,
+        As the thought how once, in pride,
+      That great eagle took its stand,
+      Gently on his giant hand!
+
+      How to it the meat he'd carry
+        In its mew to feed secure;
+      How he'd fling it on the quarry,
+        How recall it to the lure,
+      Make it stoop, to his caresses,
+      Hooded neck and jingling jesses.
+
+      And another thought is pressing,
+        Like hot iron on his brain--
+      Millions that would fain be blessing,
+        Ban, e'en now, King Cotton's name.
+      Oh, that here those hands are bound,
+      Which should scatter wealth around!
+
+      "Not this Eagle's screaming smothers
+        That sad sound across the sea--
+      Wailing babes and weeping mothers,
+        Wailing, weeping, wanting me.
+      Hands that I would fain employ,
+      Hearts that I would fill with joy!
+
+      "I must writhe--a giant fettered,--
+        While those millions peak and pine;
+      By my wealth their lot unbettered,
+        And their suffering worse than mine.
+      For they know that I would fain
+      Help their need, were't not my chain!
+
+      "But _I_ know not where to turn me
+        For relief from bonds and woe;
+      Frosts may pinch and suns may burn me,
+        But for rescue--none I know,
+      Save the millions I have fed,
+      Should they rise for lack of bread--
+
+      "Saying, 'We will brook no longer,
+        That King Cotton bound should be:
+      Be his gaolers strong, _we_'re stronger,
+        In our hunger o'er sea--
+      More for want, than love, uprisen,
+      We are come to break his prison!'
+
+      "Welcome even such releasing,
+        Fain my work I'd be about:
+      Soon would want and wail be ceasing,
+        Were King Cotton once let out--
+      Though all torn and faint and bleeding,
+      Millions still I've strength for feeding."
+
+[Illustration:
+LOOK OUT FOR SQUALLS.
+JACK BULL. "YOU DO WHAT'S RIGHT, MY SON,
+OR I'LL BLOW YOU OUT OF THE WATER."]
+
+Then came an episode which did for the moment set John Bull and _Punch_
+on a nobler basis. All during the Trent affair--when the United States
+was obviously wrong in arresting the Confederate Commissioners, Mason
+and Slidell, on board an English ship--the Tenniel cartoons rose to the
+higher level of just indignation.
+
+[Illustration: A BAD CASE OF THROWING STONES.
+_Mr Bull._ "NOW MIND YOU, SIR--NO SHUFFLING--AN AMPLE APOLOGY--OR
+I PUT THE MATTER INTO THE HANDS OF MY LAWYERS, MESSRS. WHITWORTH AND
+ARMSTRONG."]
+
+Even now, however, _Punch_ was unable or unwilling to see the
+magnanimity of Abraham Lincoln's apology for an error not his own.
+
+[Illustration: WAITING FOR AN ANSWER.]
+
+This was all the more unjust because _Punch_ was both able and willing
+to discriminate between the level-headed men of the North and the
+jingoes, as this extract will show.
+
+[Illustration: COLUMBIA'S FIX.
+COLUMBIA. "WHICH ANSWER SHALL I SEND?"]
+
+
+
+
+                   OUR DEAR BROTHER JONATHAN
+
+
+     This delightful ebullition of fervent brotherly love has most
+     fittingly appeared in a Philadelphia paper:--
+
+     "It may be, in view of all these grave considerations and the sad
+     necessities of the case, that, in order to avoid a war which could
+     only end in our discomfiture, the Administration may be compelled
+     to concede the demands of England, and perhaps release MESSRS.
+     MASON and SLIDELL. God forbid!--but in a crisis like this we must
+     adapt ourselves to stern circumstances, and yield every feeling of
+     pride to maintain our existence. If this contingency should ever
+     arise--and I am only speculating upon a disagreeable
+     possibility--then let us swear, not only to ourselves but our
+     children who come after us, to repay this greedy, insolent, and
+     cowardly Power with the retribution of a just and fearful
+     vengeance. If England in our time of distress makes herself our
+     foe, and offers to be our assassin, we will treat her as a foe when
+     we can do so untrammeled and unmenaced by another enemy."
+
+     "Greedy, insolent, and cowardly," these are nice fraternal terms;
+     and what a truly loving spirit is evinced by swearing "fearful
+     vengeance" upon the "assassin," and handing to posterity the
+     keeping of the oath!
+
+     No whit less affectionate in feeling is what follows:--
+
+     "If we do concede the demands of England, however, it will only be
+     because we desire to crush this rebellion, as a duty we owe to
+     mankind. It will be because we prefer to master the great evil, and
+     do not wish to be alienated from our duty by an international and
+     comparatively unimportant quarrel; it will be because we prefer
+     national salvation to the gratification of any feeling of national
+     pride. It will be a great act of self-denial. But when we come from
+     this rebellion it will be with a magnificent army, educated and
+     organised, and with the sense of this wrong weighing upon them. It
+     will be with a navy competent to meet any navy upon the globe. It
+     will be for us then to remember how England was our enemy in the
+     day of our misfortune, and to make that remembrance a dark and
+     fearful page of her history, and an eternal memory of our own."
+
+     That these are the opinions of most people in America nobody on
+     this side of the Atlantic will believe. But that there are roughs
+     and rowdies in the States, who as they have nothing they can lose
+     by war are always full of bluster and warlike in their talk, this
+     may any one in England very easily conceive. Of course it is to
+     please them that such stuff as we have quoted is stuck in Yankee
+     newspapers; and our sole surprise is that the journals which admit
+     it find it pays them so to do. The rowdies as a rule are not
+     overflushed with wealth and can ill afford to spend their coppers
+     upon literature, which, the chances are, they scarcely would know
+     how to read.
+
+[Illustration: BOXING DAY.
+MR PUNCH. "NOW THEN! WHICH END WILL YOU HAVE, JONATHAN?"]
+
+For the benefit of the American jingoes _Punch_ on December 7th, issued
+the following warning, with an appropriate cartoon:
+
+[Illustration: "UP A TREE."
+Colonel Bull and the Yankee 'Coon.
+'COON. "AIR YOU IN ARNEST, COLONEL?"
+COLONEL BULL. "I AM."
+'COON. "DON'T FIRE--I'LL COME DOWN."]
+
+
+
+
+      A WARNING TO JONATHAN;
+
+      OR, "DOTH HE WAG HIS TAIL?"
+
+
+      JONATHAN, JONATHAN, 'ware of the Lion:
+        He's patient, he's placable, slow to take fire:
+      There are tricks which in safety a puppy might try on,
+        But from dogs of his _own_ size they waken his ire.
+
+      With your bounce and your bunkum you've pelted him often,
+        Good humoured he laughed as the missiles flew by,
+      Hard words you've employed, which he ne'er bid you soften,
+        As knowing your tallest of talk all my eye.
+
+      When you blustered he still was content with pooh-poohing,
+        When you flared up he just let the shavings burn out:
+      He knew you were fonder of talking than doing,
+        And Lions for trifles don't put themselves out.
+
+      But beware how you tempt even leonine patience,
+        Or presume the old strength has forsaken his paw:
+      He's proud to admit you and he are relations,
+        But even relations may take too much law.
+
+      If there's one thing he values, 'tis right of asylum;
+        Safe who rests 'neath the guard of the Lion must be:
+      In that shelter the hard-hunted fugitive whilome
+        Must be able to sleep the deep sleep of the free.
+
+      Then think twice, and think well, ere from guard of the Lion
+        Those who seek his protection you try to withdraw:
+      Though STOWELL and WHEATEN and KENT you rely on,
+        There are points on which Lions won't listen to jaw.
+
+      Remember in time the old tale of the showman,
+        Who his head in the mouth of the Lion would sheath,
+      Till with lengthened impunity, bold as a Roman,
+        He seemed to forget that the Lion had teeth.
+
+      But the time came at last, when all risks madly scorning,
+        He went just too far down that road rough and red,
+      When, with only one wag of his tail for a warning,
+        Snap went Leo's jaws, and off went BARNUM'S head!
+
+[Illustration: NAUGHTY JONATHAN.
+MRS BRITANNIA. "THERE, JOHN! HE SAYS HE IS VERY SORRY,
+AND THAT HE DIDN'T MEAN TO DO IT--SO YOU CAN PUT THIS BACK INTO
+THE PICKLE-TUB."]
+
+This was followed up on December 14th, with one of Tenniel's finest
+cartoons, that entitled "Waiting for an Answer."
+
+[Illustration: OBERON AND TITANIA.
+OBERON (MR. PRESIDENT LINCOLN) "I DO BUT BEG A
+LITTLE =NIGGER= BOY, TO BE MY HENCHMAN."
+TITANIA (MISS VIRGINIA) "SET YOUR HEART AT REST,
+THE =NORTHERN= LAND BUYS NOT THE CHILD OF ME."]
+
+Two amusing bits of doggerel appeared in the same number, one
+representing the British nation's view of the international episode.
+
+    MRS. DURDEN ON THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY
+
+    "Them there nasty good-for-nothing Yankees!" cried old MRS. DURDEN,
+    "Worrits me to that degree, it makes my life almost a burden.
+    Board our mail and seize our passengers, the ribbles! Goodness, gracious!
+    Like their imperence to be sure; 'tis that what makes 'em so owdacious.
+
+    "What next now I wonder, Captain?" Answer CAPTAIN SKIPPER made,
+    "Well Ma'am, our next move, I fancy, will be breaking their blockade."
+    "Blockhead! Ah!" exclaimed the lady. "Truer word was never spoken.
+    Drat the blockheads, all says I; may every head on 'em be broken!"
+
+The other is a bit of broad fun, in mockery of the profuse volumes of
+smoke and sound which were emitted by Yankee fire-eaters.
+
+[Illustration: THE NEW ORLEANS PLUM.
+BIG LINCOLN HORNER,
+UP IN A CORNER,
+THINKING OF HUMBLE PIE;
+FOUND UNDER HIS THUMB,
+A NEW ORLEANS PLUM,
+AND SAID, WHAT A CUTE YANKEE AM I!]
+
+
+
+
+      A VOICE FROM WASHINGTON
+
+
+      _From our Special Correspondent_
+
+      We Yankees ain't given to brag;
+        JOHN BULL, we expect, has no notion
+      Of going to war; but his flag
+        If he does, we shall sweep from the ocean
+      And when the old vagabond lies
+        In a state of teetotal prostration,
+      Old Ireland in glory will rise,
+        Independence to win as a nation.
+
+      Our breadstuffs from England kept back,
+        The sequel must be destitution.
+      Her famishing millions, in lack
+        Of food, will force on revolution.
+      VICTORIA will have to retire;
+        Aristocracy, friends of Secession,
+      Will be hurled down, and trod in the mire;
+        No more for to practise oppression.
+
+      Rebellion we'll bring to an end,
+        The slaves 'mongst our heroes dividing,
+      Or arms to the niggers we'll lend,
+        To give their darned masters a hiding.
+      Work up all our cotton at home,
+        Let not one more bale be exported,
+      Have the world at our feet, like old Rome,
+        By the kings of the airth as was courted.
+
+      Want money? I reckon not we;
+        A national debt we'll create,
+      Twice as heavy as yourn, which will be,
+        For SAMSONS like we air, no weight.
+      On Government bonds we shall borrow
+        Any money in Europe with ease.
+      Why London and Paris, to-morrow
+        Will lend us as much as we please.
+
+      Foreign goods we shall purchase with paper,
+        Which let foreign usurers hold;
+      The British may swagger and vapour,
+        At home whilst we keep all our gold.
+      As BELMONT to SEWARD has written,
+        Any stock may in Europe be "placed,"
+      And the chance, if the ROTHSCHILDS ain't bitten,
+        Will be by the BARINGS embraced.
+
+      We've twice before whipped all creation,
+        We've now got to whip it again.
+      We air a remarkable nation
+        Of modest, but resolute men.
+      JOHN BULL, then, allow us to kick you,
+        And don't go resenting the act,
+      Or into a cocked hat we'll lick you,
+        Yes, Sir-ree, you old hoss, that's a fact.
+
+[Illustration: THE "SENSATION" STRUGGLE IN AMERICA.]
+
+The manly and tactful apology which represented the feeling of the
+better sort of folk in America, and which was wrung from a reluctant
+cabinet by Abraham Lincoln, softened for a moment the asperity of our
+old antagonist. The following rather amiable verses were written in
+anticipation of the amicable settlement which already (January 11,
+1862), seemed probable:
+
+[Illustration: THE LATEST FROM AMERICA;
+Or, the New York "Eye-Duster," to be taken Every Day.]
+
+
+
+
+           A FAIR OFFER FROM JOHN BULL TO MISS COLUMBIA
+
+
+      Shall we kiss and be friends? Why not? Sister COLUMBIA,
+        No more ugly faces let you and me pull;
+      Though we both have our tempers, our worries and troubles,
+        Let "bygones be bygones" for me, says JOHN BULL.
+
+      You must own that you've given me a deal of bad language,
+        And have been far too free with your bunkum and brag;
+      _That_ I'll pocket, if now, like a sensible woman,
+        You'll disclaim your friend WILKES, and salute the old flag.
+
+      Fools may sneer and call family feelings all humbug,
+        But I feel that one blood in the veins of us flows:
+      Our tongues are the same, though I don't like your fashion
+        Of talking, (as you'd make _me_ pay) through the nose.
+
+      We snarled and we scratched, in the days of our folly,
+        When you wanted to leave me and start for yourself;
+      To think of those times makes me quite melancholy----
+        The blood that we wasted----the temper and pelf!
+
+      When I vowed that I'd tame you, and make you knock under,
+        And you dared me and bit, like a vixen as well;
+      I did think by this time we had both seen our blunder;
+        Meant to live as good friends and in peace buy and sell.
+
+      But of late I can't think what the deuce has come o'er you:
+        First, you turn your own house out of window, and then,
+      Declare that _I_ want to o'erreach you and floor you,
+        Stop my ships, seize my passengers, bully my men!
+
+      I can stand a great deal from my own blood-relations,
+        And I know that your troubles your temper have soured;
+      But I can't take a blow, in the face of all nations,
+        And consent to see law by brute force overpowered.
+
+      Only own your friend WILKES is a blundering bully,
+        And make over MASON and SLIDELL to me,
+      And all that is past, I'll condone, fair and fully,
+        Kiss you now, and in future, I _do_ hope, agree!
+
+[Illustration: ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES ANOTHER.
+OLD ABE. "WHY I DU DECLARE IT'S MY DEAR OLD FRIEND SAMBO!
+COURSE YOU'LL FIGHT FOR US, SAMBO. LEND US A HAND, OLD HOSS, DU!"]
+
+Yet Lincoln, the peacemaker of the occasion, got little credit from
+_Punch_, which, indeed, began now to pursue him with unremitting
+invective.
+
+The gorilla-like caricature of Lincoln's features makes its first
+appearance in a cartoon wherein this repulsive face is joined to a
+raccoon's body.
+
+The "coon" is shown up a tree, Colonel Bull, standing below, has drawn a
+bead on him with his gun.
+
+"Air you in earnest, Colonel?" asks the coon.
+
+"I am," replies the mighty Bull.
+
+"Don't fire," says the coon, "I'll come down."
+
+[Illustration: "NOT UP TO TIME;"
+Or, Interference would be very Welcome.]
+
+Even Lincoln's proclamation emancipating the slaves in the seceding
+states did not soften the asperity of the old-time anti-slavery
+advocate. _Punch_ feigned to see in this message only the ruse of a wily
+combatant driven to a last resource. This idea is put into a quatrain,
+as follows:
+
+
+
+
+            THE AMERICAN CHESS-PLAYERS
+
+
+      Although of conquest Yankee North despairs,
+        His brain for some expedient wild he racks,
+      And thinks that having failed on the white squares,
+        He can't do worse by moving on the Blacks.
+
+[Illustration: LINCOLN'S TWO DIFFICULTIES.
+LIN. "WHAT? NO MONEY! NO MEN!"]
+
+Under the heading "One Good Turn Deserves Another," Old Abe is shown
+extending musket, sword and knapsack to a negro who refuses to be
+cajoled by his honeyed words.
+
+[Illustration: MORE FREE THAN WELCOME--A PROSPECTIVE FIX.
+_Nigger._ "NOW DEN, MASSA JONATHAN, WHAT YOU GOIN' TO DO
+WID DIS CHILD? EH?"]
+
+"Why I do declare," says Abe, "it's my dear old friend, Sambo! Course
+you'll fight for us, Sambo. Lend us a hand, old hoss, do."
+
+[Illustration: THE OVERDUE BILL.
+MR. SOUTH TO MR. NORTH. "YOUR 'NINETY DAYS' PROMISSORY NOTE
+ISN'T TAKEN UP YET, SIRREE!"]
+
+The same jibe finds vent in the following poems:
+
+
+
+
+      ABE'S LAST CARD; OR, ROUGE-ET-NOIR
+
+
+      Brag's our game: and awful losers
+        We've been on the _Red_.
+      Under and above the table,
+        Awfully we've bled.
+      Ne'er a stake have we adventured,
+        But we've lost it still,
+      From Bull's Run and mad Manassas,
+        Down to Sharpsburg Hill.
+
+      When luck's desperate, desperate venture
+        Still may bring it back:
+      So I'll chance it--neck or nothing--
+        Here I lead THE BLACK!
+      If I win, the South must pay for't,
+        Pay in fire and gore:
+      If I lose, I'm ne'er a dollar
+        Worse off than before.
+
+      From the Slaves of Southern rebels
+        Thus I strike the chain:
+      But the slaves of loyal owners
+        Still shall slaves remain.
+      If their owners like to wop 'em,
+        They to wop are masters;
+      Or if they prefer to swop 'em,
+        Here are our shin-plasters!
+
+      There! If that 'ere Proclamation
+        Does its holy work,
+      Rebeldom's annihilation
+        It did oughter work:
+      Back to Union, and you're welcome
+        Each to wop his nigger:
+      If not, at White let slip darky--
+        Guess I call that vigour!
+
+[Illustration: ABE LINCOLN'S LAST CARD; OR, ROUGE-ET-NOIR.]
+
+In September, 1862, the two combatants are represented as sinking
+exhausted into the arms of negro backers, who are vainly attempting to
+put them on their feet. In the background stands a self-important eagle
+arrayed in the Napoleonic uniform and a biped lion dressed in a sack
+coat and an air of conscious superiority.
+
+[Illustration: LATEST FROM SPIRIT-LAND.
+GHOST OF KING GEORGE III. "WELL, MR. WASHINGTON, WHAT DO YOU
+THINK OF YOUR FINE REPUBLIC NOW, EH?--WHAT D'YE THINK? WHAT D'YE THINK,
+EH?" GHOST OF MR. WASHINGTON. "HUMPH!"]
+
+Says the eagle to the lion, "Don't you think we ought to fetch the
+police?"
+
+The legend under the cartoon runs, "Not Up to Time, or Interference
+Would Be Very Welcome."
+
+[Illustration: SCENE FROM THE AMERICAN "TEMPEST."
+CALIBAN (SAMBO). "_YOU_ BEAT HIM 'NOUGH, MASSA!
+BERRY LITTLE TIME, I'LL _BEAT HIM TOO_."--SHAKSPEARE.
+(_Nigger Translation._)]
+
+In the following January comes a well imagined cartoon entitled "The
+Latest From Spirit Land," showing the bluff and kindly ghost of George
+III trying to enter into conversation with the stiffly stupid ghost of
+Mr. Washington. "Well, Mr. Washington," says George, "what do you think
+of your fine republic now, eh? What d'ye think? What d'ye think, eh?" To
+which Mr. Washington retorts with an inarticulate "Humph!"
+
+In May of 1863 a cartoon entitled "The Great Cannon Game" shows Abe
+Lincoln playing billiards with Jeff Davis. It is the latter's shot.
+
+"Hurrah for Charleston!" he cries; "that's another to me."
+
+Abe Lincoln mutters in an aside, "Darned if he ain't scored ag'in! I
+wish I could make a few winning hazards for a change."
+
+[Illustration: "BEWARE!"
+KEEPER. "HE AIN'T ASLEEP, YOUNG JONATHAN, SO YOU'D BEST NOT IRRITATE HIM".]
+
+An accompanying article entitled "The Great American Billiard Match" is
+amusing enough when read to-day in the light of the great "winning
+hazards" that were to be made by Abe within less than sixty days.
+
+     "Considerable excitement," it runs, "has been caused in sporting
+     circles by this long protracted match, which, owing to the style of
+     play adopted by the parties, appears to make but very little
+     progress toward a finish. The largeness of the stakes depending on
+     the contest might be supposed to make the players careful in their
+     strokes, but few expected that the game would last so long as it
+     has done, and no one now dare prophesy when it will be finished. It
+     having been resolved to play the cannon game, some anxiety at first
+     was not unreasonably felt among the backers of Jeff Davis, the
+     crack player for the South; but the knowing ones, who knew their
+     man, made no attempt to hedge, notwithstanding what was said about
+     his being out of play and, in the cannon game especially, somewhat
+     overmatched. It is needless to remark here that the first strokes
+     which he made quite justified their confidence, and, indeed,
+     throughout the game he has done nothing yet to shake it, so that if
+     he have but a fair amount of luck, his backers feel assured that he
+     won't easily be beaten, and an extra fluke or two might make him
+     win the match.
+
+     "As for old Abe Lincoln, the champion player of the North, his
+     backers, we believe, are as confident as ever that he is the best
+     man, although at times his play has not appeared to prove it. There
+     is no doubt that he has more strength at his command, but strength
+     is of small use without knowing how to use it. Abe Lincoln may have
+     skill, but he has not yet shown much of it; and certainly he more
+     than once has shown himself outgeneralled. His backers say he
+     purposely is playing a slow game, just to draw out his opponent and
+     see what he can do. In ninety days, they say, he is cocksure of a
+     victory, but this is an old boast, and nobody except themselves now
+     places any faith in it. Abe's famous Bull Run stroke was a bad
+     start to begin with, and his Charleston break has ended in his
+     having to screw back, and thus slip into balk to save himself from
+     mischief.
+
+     How the game will end we won't pretend to prophesy. There are
+     plenty of good judges, who still appear inclined to bet in favor of
+     the South and longish odds are offered that the game will be a
+     drawn one. Abe's attempt to pot the niggers some put down as a foul
+     stroke, but whether foul or not, it added little to his score. Upon
+     the whole we think his play has not been much admired, although his
+     backers have been vehement in superlatively praising it. There is
+     more sympathy for the South, as being the weaker side--a fact which
+     Jeff's supporters indignantly deny, and which certainly the North
+     has not done much as yet toward proving. Without ourselves
+     inclining one way or the other, we may express a neutral hope that
+     the best player may win; and we certainly shall echo the desire of
+     all who watch the game if we add that the sooner it is now played
+     out the better."
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT "CANNON GAME."
+ABE LINCOLN (ASIDE). "DARN'D IF HE AIN'T SCORED AG'IN!--WISH
+I COULD MAKE A FEW _WINNING_ HAZARDS FOR A CHANGE."]
+
+The boasted "neutrality" was put to a rather severe test when, in less
+than "ninety days," the victory of which Abe's backers were "cock sure"
+proved a double barrelled one at Vicksburg, in Mississippi, and at
+Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania. The news of these tremendous events set all
+the Federal States of America shouting with triumph on the succeeding
+Fourth of July. There were no international cables in those days.
+Consequently it was not until two weeks later that the news reached
+England.
+
+In the interim, on that very July 4, certain Northern Americans in
+London, all unconscious of what had happened, celebrated their national
+anniversary almost in earshot of the _Punch_ office to the great disgust
+of the gentlemen on its staff.
+
+[Illustration: "ROWDY" NOTIONS OF EMANCIPATION.
+"The mob on the corner, below my house, had hung up a negro to the
+lamp-post. In mockery, a cigar was placed in his mouth. * * * For
+hours these scared negroes poured up Twenty-seventh Street, passing
+my house. * * * One old negro, 70 years old, blind as a bat, and
+such a cripple that he could hardly move, was led along by his
+equally aged wife with a few rags they had saved, trembling with
+fright, and not knowing where to go."--MANHATTAN'S _Letter in the
+Standard, July 30th._]
+
+     "There is something peculiarly graceful," [snarls Punch in the
+     issue for July 18th], "in celebrating Independence Day in London.
+     'The Britishers whipped all the world and we whipped the
+     Britishers,' used to be the established formula of Yankee
+     self-glorification. It is the Yankees' belief that they
+     accomplished their secession from England by simple conquest;
+     triumphant superiority in arms. To hold the anniversary of
+     successful insurrection, not to say rebellion, in the very den of
+     the British lion, treading on his tail and gently poking him with a
+     playful boot tip, is to compliment that noble animal with credit
+     for some magnanimity. The British residents in Paris would hardly
+     have the confiding generosity and the taste in like manner to
+     celebrate the return day of the Battle of Waterloo in the French
+     capital.
+
+     "We pause here to ask whether the Confederates do not, as they
+     reasonably may, repeat the Yankee boast above quoted with brag
+     additional? Have they not begun to say, 'The Britishers whipped all
+     the world, the Yankees whipped the Britishers and we whipped the
+     Yankees'? Not yet, perhaps. Averse to indulgence in premature
+     exultation, they may reserve that saying for Independence Day No.
+     2."
+
+In conclusion _Punch_ makes this comment on the fact that in honor of
+the anniversary the flag of the United States had been hoisted on the
+summit of certain buildings, "Shouldn't it have been hoisted halfmast
+high?"
+
+The answer came in the form of a thunderous negative with the next mail
+from America.
+
+[Illustration: BRUTUS AND CAESAR.
+(From the American Edition of Shakspeare.)
+_The Tent of_ BRUTUS (LINCOLN). _Night. Enter the
+Ghost of_ CAESAR.
+_Brutus._ Wall, now! Do tell! Who's you?
+_Caesar._ I am dy ebil genus, massa LINKING.
+Dis child am awful Inimpressional.]
+
+Thereafter _Punch_ lost his supreme interest in the great Civil War. He
+made no allusions to Gettysburg or to Vicksburg. The "neutral hope" was
+painfully dampened by Northern triumphs. His commercial sympathy was all
+with the losing side. The wish was father to the not very neutral
+thought that the negro might prove the undoing of his Northern allies.
+On August 15 appeared a cartoon entitled "Brutus and Caesar, from the
+American Edition of Shakespeare." To the tent of Brutus (Lincoln) enters
+at night the ghost of Caesar, a black spectre. This colloquy occurs:--
+
+     Brutus--Wall, now, do tell! Who's you?
+
+     Caesar--I am dy ebil genius, massa LINKING. Dis child am awful
+     Inimpressional.
+
+[Illustration: THE BLACK CONSCRIPTION.
+"WHEN BLACK MEETS BLACK THEN COMES THE END (?) OF WAR."]
+
+In October appeared a cartoon headed with unconscious satire, "John
+Bull's Neutrality." John Bull standing with his arms akimbo in the
+doorway of his shop is glaring defiantly at two bad boys, clad
+respectively in federal and in confederate uniforms, who slink away
+before his glance and drop the stones they were preparing to hurl at his
+windows.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN BULL'S NEUTRALITY.
+"LOOK HERE, BOYS, I DON'T CARE TWOPENCE FOR YOUR NOISE, BUT IF YOU
+THROW STONES AT MY WINDOWS, I MUST _THRASH YOU BOTH_."]
+
+"Look here, boys," says John, "I don't care twopence for your noise, but
+if you throw stones at my windows I must thrash you both."
+
+The same moral is enforced in the following poem:--
+
+      MR. BULL TO HIS AMERICAN BULLIES
+
+      Hoy, I say you two there, kicking
+        Up that row before my shop!
+      Do you want a good sound licking
+        Both? If not, you'd better stop.
+      Peg away at one another,
+        If you choose such fools to be:
+      But leave me alone; don't bother,
+        Bullyrag and worry me!
+
+      Into your confounded quarrel!
+        Let myself be dragged I'll not
+      By you, fighting for a Merrill
+        Tariff; or your slavery lot.
+      What I want to do with either
+        Is impartially to trade:
+      Nonsense I will stand from neither
+        Past the bounds of gasconade.
+
+      You North, roaring, raving, yelling,
+        Hold your jaw, you booby, do;
+      What, d'ye threaten me for selling
+        Arms to South, as well as you?
+      South, at me don't bawl and bellow,
+        That won't make me take your part;
+      So you just be off, young fellow:
+        Now, you noisy chap, too, start!
+
+      To be called names 'tis unpleasant;
+        Words, however, break no bones:
+      I control myself at present;
+        But beware of throwing stones!
+      I won't have my windows broken,
+        Mind, you brawlers, what I say,
+      See this stick, a striking token;
+        Cut your own, or civil stay.
+
+In a succeeding cartoon _Punch_ called for a separation between the
+fighters, for now, said he, "dis-union is strength." Another cartoon
+hails the fraternization--reported to have taken place between negroes
+bearing the flags of the rival armies--with the epigram "When black
+meets black then comes the end of war."
+
+[Illustration: SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS, OR THE MODERN ULYSSES.]
+
+Henry Ward Beecher's visit to England, in the autumn of 1863, is
+celebrated by a cartoon and by a poem in which due praise is given to
+the vigor of his oratory and to the excellence of his intentions.
+
+
+
+
+               BRITISHER TO BEECHER
+
+
+      Alas! what a pity it is, PARSON BEECHER,
+        That you came not at once when Secession broke out,
+      As ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S Apostle, a preacher
+        Of the Union; a gospel which Englishmen doubt;
+            For that Union, you see,
+            Was a limb of our tree:
+        Its own branches to break themselves off are as free.
+
+      Still, BEECHER, if you had been only sent hither,
+        When at first the Palmetto flag flouted the sky,
+      Commissioned foul slavery's faction to wither,
+        And this nation invoke to be Freedom's ally,
+            With your eloquent art
+            You had won England's heart;
+        We were fully disposed towards taking your part.
+
+      Instead of a Reverend BEECHER, appealing
+        To our conscience, in Liberty's name, for the right,
+      We heard a cool scoundrel advise in the stealing
+        Of BRITANNIA'S domains, North and South to unite;
+            And your papers were full
+            Of abuse of JOHN BULL;
+        Whilst he bore the blockade which withheld cotton wool.
+
+      Malevolence, taking our ill-will for granted,
+        Has reviled us, pursued us with bluster and threat,
+      Supposing itself the remembrance had planted
+        In our bosom of wrongs which we couldn't forget,
+            And should take, in its case
+            Of misfortune, as base
+      A revenge as itself would have ta'en in our place.
+
+      Tirades against England, with menace of slaughter,
+        Never yet have your SUMNERS, and such, ceased to pour,
+      Your bards talk of blowing us out of the water,
+        And threaten to "punish JOHN BULL at his door."
+            Now this isn't the way
+            To make Englishmen pray
+        That the Yankees may finish by gaining the day.
+
+      An afterthought only is "Justice to Niggers;"
+        'Tis a cry which those Yankees raised not till they found
+      That they for a long time had been pulling triggers,
+        At their slaveholding brothers, and gained little ground.
+            First ABE LINCOLN gave out
+            That he'd fain bring about,
+        The Re-union with slavery too, or without.
+
+      So don't waste your words in attempts at persuasion,
+        Which impose on no Britain alive but a fool,
+      But husband your breath for another occasion,
+        That is, BEECHER, keep it your porridge to cool.
+            "Strictly neutral will I
+            Still remain standing by."
+        Says BRITANNIA: "D'ye see any green in my eye?"
+
+[Illustration: THE STORM-SIGNAL.
+We know not whence the storm may come,
+ But its coming's in the air,
+And this is the warning of the drum,
+  Against the storm, PREPARE!]
+
+Later, _Punch_ published this:
+
+
+
+
+                      ADIEU TO MR. BEECHER
+
+
+     MR. BEECHER has left us; he has sailed for America, where he can
+     tell his congregation just what he likes, but where he will, we are
+     sure, tell MESSRS. LINCOLN and SEWARD the exact truth, namely that
+     large numbers of the uneducated classes crowded to hear a
+     celebrated orator, and that the press has been very good-natured to
+     him. Also, we hope he will say, because he knows it, that the
+     educated classes are at the present date just as Neutral in the
+     matter of the American quarrel as they were before the reverend
+     gentleman's arrival. Having duly stated these facts to the
+     PRESIDENT and the Minister, MR. BEECHER may put them in any form he
+     pleases before the delightful congregation, whose members pay L40
+     a-year, each, for pews. And to show that we part with him in all
+     good nature, we immortalise his witty allusion to ourselves in his
+     farewell speech:--
+
+     "I know my friend _Punch_ thinks I have been serving out 'soothing
+     syrup' to the British Lion. (_Laughter._) Very properly the picture
+     represents me as putting a spoon into the lion's ear instead of his
+     mouth; and I don't wonder that the great brute turns away very
+     sternly from that plan of feeding." (_Renewed Laughter._)
+
+     A gentler criticism upon us could not be, and we scorn to retort
+     that, having a respect for anatomy, we did not make the lion's ear
+     large enough to hold the other spoon depicted in that magnificent
+     engraving. For the REVEREND BEECHER is not a spoon, whatever we may
+     think of his audiences in England. And so we wish him good-bye, and
+     plenty of greenbacks and green believers.
+
+[Illustration: EXTREMES MEET.
+_Abe._ Imperial son of NICHOLAS the Great,
+We air in the same fix, I calculate,
+You with your Poles, with Southern rebels I,
+Who spurn my rule and my revenge defy.
+_Alex._ Vengeance is mine, old man; see where it falls,
+Behold yon hearths laid waste, and ruined walls,
+Yon gibbets, where the struggling patriot hangs,
+Whilst my brave myrmidons enjoy his pangs.]
+
+The re-election of Abraham Lincoln, in November, 1864, called forth a
+grotesque and unpleasant caricature of Lincoln as the "Federal Ph[oe]nix."
+It was accompanied by these verses:
+
+
+
+
+                 THE FEDERAL PH[OE]NIX
+
+
+      When HERODOTUS, surnamed "The Father of History"
+        (We are not informed who was History's mother),
+      Went a travelling to Egypt, that region of mystery,
+        Where each step presented some marvel or other,
+
+      In a great city there, called (in Greek) Heliopolis,
+        The priests put him up to a strange story--rather--
+      Of a bird, who came up to that priestly metropolis,
+        Once in five hundred years, to inter its own father.
+
+      When to filial feeling apparently callous,
+        Not a plume ruffled (as _we_ should say, not a hair rent),
+      In a _pot-pourri_ made of sweet-spice, myrrh, and aloes,
+        He flagrantly, burnt, after burying, his parent.
+
+      But POMPONIUS MELA has managed to gather
+        Of this curious story a modified version,
+      In which the bird burns up itself, not its father,
+        And soars to new life from its fiery immersion.
+
+      This bird has oft figured in emblems and prophecies--
+        And though SNYDERS ne'er painted its picture, nor WEENIX
+      Its portraits on plates of a well-known fire-office is,
+        Which, after this bird's name, is christened the Ph[oe]nix.
+
+      Henceforth a new Ph[oe]nix, from o'er the Atlantic,
+        Our old fire-office friend from his brass-plate displaces;
+      With a plumage of greenbacks, all ruffled, and antic
+        In OLD ABE'S rueful phiz and OLD ABE'S shambling graces.
+
+      As the bird of Arabia wrought resurrection
+        By a flame all whose virtues grew out of what fed it,
+      So the Federal Ph[oe]nix has earned re-election
+        By a holocaust huge of rights, commerce, and credit.
+
+[Illustration: "BEECHER'S AMERICAN SOOTHING SYRUP."
+"If I have said anything against England, I'll stick to it.
+ * * * When I look not to the sentiments of popular assemblies,
+but to such significant acts as the detention of those Rams at
+Liverpool (_cheers_); when I look to such weighty words
+as those spoken by EARL RUSSELL at Glasgow, and by
+the Attorney General at Richmond * * * I feel that the two
+nations are still one in the cause of civilisation, of religion,
+and I trust we shall continue to be one in international policy,
+and one in every enterprise."--_Rev. Ward Beecher at Exeter Hall._]
+
+On December 10th, _Punch_ published this brutal burlesque anticipation
+of that noble speech made by President Lincoln at his second
+Inauguration, which has now taken its due rank among the great
+masterpieces of forensic English:
+
+
+
+
+           PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL SPEECH
+
+               _(By Ultramarine Telegraph)_
+
+
+Well, we've done it, gentlemen. Bully for us. Cowhided the Copperheads
+considerable. _Non nobis_, of course, but still I reckon we have had a
+hand in the glory, some. That reminds me of the Old World story about
+the Hand of Glory, which I take to have been the limb of a gentleman who
+had been justified on the gallows, and which the witches turned into a
+patent moderator lamp, as would lead a burglar safe into any domicile
+which he might wish to plunder. We ain't burglars, quite t'other, but I
+fancy that if ULY GRANT could get hold of that kind and description of
+thing to help him into Richmond, he'd not be so un-Christian proud as to
+refuse the hand of a malefactor. (_Right, right!_) Well, right or left
+hand, that's no odds, gentlemen. (_Laughter._) Now I am sovereign of the
+sovereign people of this great and united republic for four years next
+ensuing the date hereof, as I used to say when I was a lawyer. (_You
+are! Bully for you!_) Yes, gentlemen, but you must do something more
+than bully for me, you must fight for me, if you please, and whether you
+please or not. As the old joke says, there's no compulsion, only you
+must. Must is for the King, they say in the rotten Old world. Well, I'm
+King, and you shall be Viceroys over me. But I tell you again, and in
+fact I repeat it, that there's man's work to do to beat these rebels.
+They _may_ run away, no doubt. As the Irishman says, pigs may fly, but
+they're darned onlikely birds to do it. They must be well whipped,
+gentlemen, and I must trouble you for the whipcord. (_You shall have
+it!_) Rebellion is a wicked thing, gentlemen, an awful wicked thing, and
+the mere nomenclating thereof would make my hair stand on end, if it
+could be more standonender than it is. (_Laughter._) Truly awful, that
+is when it is performed against mild, free, constitutional sway like
+that of the White House, but of course right and glorious when
+perpetrated against ferocious, cruel, bloodthirsty old tyrants like
+GEORGE THE THIRD. We must punish these rebels for their own good, and to
+teach them the blessings of this mighty and transcendental Union. (_We
+will, we will!_) All very tall talking, gentlemen, but talking won't
+take Richmond. If it would, and there had been six Richmonds in the
+field, we should long since have took them all. If Richmond would fall
+like Jericho, by every man blowing of his own trumpet, we've brass
+enough in our band for that little feat in acoustics. But when a cow
+sticks, as GRANT does, in the mud, how then? (_Great laughter._)
+Incontestably, gentlemen, this great and mighty nation must give her a
+shove on. Shove for Richmond, gentlemen. (_That's the talk!_) Now about
+these eternal blacks, you expect me to say something touching them,
+though I suppose we're none of us too fond of touching them, for reasons
+in that case made and provided, as I used to say. Well, listen. We've
+got them on our hands, that's a fact, and it reminds me of a nigger
+story. Two of these blacks met, and one had a fine new hat. "Where you
+got dat hat, SAMBO?" says t'other. "Out ob a shop, nigger," says SAMBO.
+"'Spex so," says t'other, "and what might be the price ob dat hat?"
+"Can't say, zactly, nigger, the shopkeeper didn't happen to be on the
+premises." (_Laughter._) Well, we've got the niggers, and I can't
+exactly say--or at least I don't think you'd like to hear--what might be
+the price of those articles. But we must utilise our hats, gentlemen. We
+must make them dig and fight, that's a fact.
+
+There's no shame in digging, I suppose. Adam digged, and he is a
+gentleman of older line than any of the bloated and slavish
+aristocracies of Europe. And as for fighting, they must feel honoured at
+doing that for the glorious old flag that has braved for eighty-nine
+years and a-half, be the same little more or less, the battle and the
+breeze. (_Cheers._) Yes, and when the rebellion's put down, we'll see
+what's to be done with them. Perhaps if the naughty boys down South get
+uncommon contrite hearts, we may make them a little present of the
+blacks, not as slaves, of course, but as legal apprentices with
+undefined salaries determinable on misconduct. (_Cheers._) Meantime,
+gentlemen, I won't deny that the niggers are useful in the way of moral
+support. They give this here war a holy character, and we can call it a
+crusade for freedom. A man may call his house an island if he likes, as
+has been said by one of those fiendish British writers who abuse our
+hospitality by not cracking us up. (_War with England!_) Well, all in
+good time, gentlemen. Let our generals learn their business first. I
+don't blame them, mind you, that they haven't learned it yet, for when a
+man has kept a whiskey-store, or a bar, or an oyster-cellar, or an
+old-clothes' shop for years, he can't be expected, merely because he
+puts on a uniform, to become a Hannibal or a Napoleon, or even a
+Marlborough or a Wellington. Likewise, they must learn to keep
+reasonable sober. Friends at a distance will please accept this
+intimation. (_Roars of Laughter._) When that's done, and the rebels are
+whipped, and we are in want of more fighting, we'll see whether
+Richmond in England, where the QUEEN'S palace of Windsor Castle is
+situate lying and being, is a harder nut to crack than Richmond nearer
+us. (_Cheers._) Gentlemen, one thing more. Did you ever hear the story
+of the farmer who had been insulted by an exciseman? "He wur so rude,"
+said the farmer, "that I wur obliged to remonstrate with him." "And to
+what effect did you remonstrate?" asked a friend. "Well I don't know
+about effect, but I bent the poker so that I was obliged to get a hammer
+to straighten it." Gentlemen, we must straighten this glorious Union,
+and the hammer is taxes. (_Laughter._) You may laugh, but you must pay.
+I don't mean to be hard upon this mighty nation, and our friend MR.
+COBDEN (_cheers_) has already indirectly informed the besotted masses of
+British slaves that we intend to repudiate our greenbacks, except to the
+amount they may be worth in the market when redeemed. But the poker
+wants a deal of hammering, nevertheless, and you must pay up. You'll
+hear more about this from a friend of mine in the Government, so I only
+give you the hint, as the man said when he kicked his uncle down-stairs.
+(_Laughter._) I believe that's about all I had to say, and this almighty
+Union will be conserved to shine through the countless ages an ineffable
+beacon and symbol of blessed and everlasting light and glory if you will
+only mind the proverb of Sancho Panza, which says, "Pray to God
+devoutly, and hammer on stoutly." (_Laughter, cheers, and cries of
+"Bully for you!"_)
+
+[Illustration: "HOLDING A CANDLE TO THE *****" (MUCH THE SAME THING.])
+
+On April 15, 1865, came a cartoon, a really superb one, which is
+sometimes reckoned Tenniel's masterpiece, entitled "Habet!" It
+represents the combatants as gladiators before the enthroned and
+imperial negroes ("Ave Caesar!").
+
+[Illustration: NEUTRALITY.
+MRS. NORTH. "HOW ABOUT THE _ALABAMA_ YOU WICKED OLD MAN?"
+MRS. SOUTH. "WHERE'S MY RAMS? TAKE BACK YOUR PRECIOUS
+CONSULS--THERE!!!"]
+
+But in sentiment at least a nobler was to come, the affecting picture of
+Britannia's tribute and _Punch's_ amende, called simply "Abraham
+Lincoln, foully assassinated April 14, 1865."
+
+[Illustration: SOMETHING FOR PADDY.
+O'CONNELL'S STATUE (LOQ). "IT'S A _REPALER_ YE CALL
+YOURSELF, YE SPALPEEN, AND YOU'RE GOIN' TO DIE FOR THE _UNION_."]
+
+The accompanying verses, by Tom Taylor, not, as has sometimes been
+asserted, by Shirley Brooks, were a complete recantation for former
+misunderstanding and wrongdoing. They will bear quoting again:--
+
+[Illustration: VERY PROBABLE.
+LORD PUNCH. "THAT WAS JEFF DAVIS, PAM! DON'T YOU RECOGNISE HIM?"
+LORD PAM. "HM! WELL, NOT EXACTLY--MAY HAVE TO DO SO SOME OF THESE DAYS."]
+
+
+
+
+                  ABRAHAM LINCOLN
+
+        _Foully Assassinated April, 14, 1865_
+
+
+      You lay a wreath on murdered Lincoln's bier,
+        You, who with mocking pencil wont to trace
+      Broad for the self-complacent British sneer
+        His length of shambling limb, his furrowed face,
+
+      His gaunt, gnarled hands, his unkempt, bristling hair,
+        His garb uncouth, his bearing ill at ease;
+      His lack of all we prize as debonair,
+        Of power or will to shine, of art to please.
+
+      You, whose smart pen backed up the pencil's laugh,
+        Judging each step, as though the way were plain;
+      Reckless, so it could point its paragraph
+        Of chief's perplexity or people's pain.
+
+      Beside this corps, that beats for winding sheet
+        The Stars and Stripes he lived to rear anew,
+      Between the mourners at his head and feet,
+        Say, scurril-jester, is there room for you?
+
+      Yes, he had lived to shame me from my sneer,
+        To lame my pencil, and confute my pen--
+      To make me own this hind of princes peer,
+        This rail-splitter a true-born king of men.
+
+      My shallow judgment I had learnt to rue,
+        Noting how to occasion's height he rose,
+      How his quaint wit made home-truth seem more true,
+        How, iron-like, his temper grew by blows.
+
+      How humble yet how hopeful he could be;
+        How in good fortune and in ill the same;
+      Nor bitter in success, nor boastful he,
+        Thirsty for gold, nor feverish for fame.
+
+      He went about his work--such work as few
+        Ever had laid on head and heart and hand--
+      As one who knows where there's a task to do
+        Man's honest will must heaven's good grace command:
+
+      Who trusts the strength will with the burden grow,
+        That God makes instruments to work his will,
+      If but that will we can arrive to know,
+        Nor tamper with the weights of good and ill.
+
+      So he went forth to battle on the side
+        That he felt clear was liberty's and right's,
+      As in his peasant boyhood he had plied
+        His warfare with rude nature's thwarting mights--
+
+      The uncleared forest, the unbroken soil,
+        The iron back, that turns the lumberer's axe;
+      The rapid, that o'erbears the boatman's toil,
+        The prairie, hiding the mazed wanderer's tracks,
+
+      The ambushed Indian, and the prowling bear--
+        Such were the needs that helped his youth to train:
+      Rough culture--but such trees large fruit may bear
+        If but their stocks be of right girth and grain.
+
+      So he grew up, a destined work to do,
+        And lived to do it; four long-suffering years'
+      Ill-fate, ill-feeling, ill-report lived through,
+        And then he heard the hisses change to cheers,
+
+      The taunts to tribute, the abuse to praise,
+        And took both with the same unwavering mood:
+      Till, as he came on light from darkling days
+        And seemed to touch the goal from where he stood,
+
+      A felon hand, between the goal and him,
+        Reached from behind his back, a trigger prest--
+      And those perplexed and patient eyes were dim,
+        Those gaunt, long-laboring limbs were laid to rest.
+
+      The words of mercy were upon his lips,
+        Forgiveness in his heart and on his pen,
+      When this vile murderer brought swift eclipse
+        To thoughts of peace on earth, good will to men.
+
+      The Old World and the New, from sea to sea,
+        Utter one voice of sympathy and shame!
+      Sore heart, so stopped when it at last beat high,
+        Sad life, cut short just as its triumph came.
+
+      A deed accurst! Strokes have been struck before
+        By the assassin's hand, whereof men doubt
+      If more of horror or disgrace they bore;
+        But thy foul crime, like Cain's, stands darkly out.
+
+      Vile hand, that brandest murder on a strife,
+        Whate'er its grounds, stoutly and nobly striven;
+      And with the martyr's crown crownest a life
+        With much to praise, little to be forgiven!
+
+[Illustration: MRS. NORTH AND HER ATTORNEY.
+MRS. NORTH. "YOU SEE, MR. LINCOLN, WE HAVE FAILED UTTERLY IN
+OUR COURSE OF ACTION; I WANT PEACE, AND SO, IF YOU CANNOT
+EFFECT AN AMICABLE ARRANGEMENT, I MUST PUT THE CASE INTO OTHER HANDS."]
+
+From that time forward _Punch_ took seriously to heart the lesson he had
+taught himself, and his relations with Brother Jonathan were thereafter
+of a very different and a far more cordial kind.
+
+[Illustration:
+COLUMBIA'S SEWING-MACHINE. MRS. BRITANNIA. "AH, MY DEAR COLUMBIA, IT'S
+ALL VERY WELL; BUT I'M AFRAID YOU'LL FIND IT DIFFICULT TO JOIN _THAT_
+NEATLY."]
+
+That these verses made a profound impression in the United States is
+undoubted. It has even been opined that they were largely instrumental
+in preventing an imminent war between Great Britain and the United
+States.
+
+[Illustration: THE BLACK DRAFT.]
+
+Perhaps the effect would have been less if we on this side had known how
+grudgingly the amende was offered. Mr. A. H. Layard in his recent "Life
+of Shirley Brooks" has invited us to take a peep behind the _Punch_
+curtain. He shows that the editorial staff of the paper was divided in
+the matter, Shirley Brooks leading the opposition against the
+publication of the poem. In Brooks' diary Mr. Layard discovered the
+following entry:--
+
+"Dined _Punch_. All there. Let out my views against some verses on
+Lincoln in which T. T. (Tom Taylor) had not only made P. eat humble pie,
+but swallow dish and all."
+
+[Illustration: THE FEDERAL PH[OE]NIX.]
+
+[Illustration: GRAND TRANSFORMATION SCENE FOR THE END OF THE YEAR 1864.]
+
+[Illustration: THE THREATENING NOTICE.
+ATTORNEY LINCOLN. "NOW UNCLE SAM, YOU'RE IN A DARNED HURRY TO
+SERVE THIS HERE NOTICE ON JOHN BULL. NOW, IT'S MY DUTY, AS YOUR
+ATTORNEY, TO TELL YOU THAT YOU _MAY_ DRIVE HIM TO GO OVER TO
+THAT CUSS, DAVIS----" (_Uncle Sam Considers._)]
+
+[Illustration: VULCAN IN THE SULKS.
+BRITANNIA. "IF YOU TURN SULKY, AND WON'T MAKE MY ARMOUR,
+HOW SHALL I BE ABLE TO RESIST MARS?"]
+
+[Illustration: THE AMERICAN GLADIATORS--HABET!]
+
+[Illustration: BRITANNIA SYMPATHISES WITH COLUMBIA.]
+
+[Illustration: PEACE.
+MR. PUNCH'S DESIGN FOR A COLOSSAL STATUE, WHICH OUGHT TO HAVE
+BEEN PLACED IN THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION].
+
+
+
+
+      *      *      *      *      *      *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+(1) Spelling, punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected,
+with the exception of those which occur in the illustrations and text
+copied directly from "Punch".
+
+(2) The cartoons have been left in chronological order, ignoring
+their possible relevance to surrounding text.
+
+(3) To avoid irritating breaks for the reader, illustrations have been
+moved to the nearest end of a paragraph, poem or quotation. The page
+numbers in the List of Illustrations have been adjusted accordingly,
+as far as page 100. The remaining illustrations, being beyond the end of
+the text, have been given arbitrary page numbers to assist any reader
+trying to locate them.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE LONDON
+PUNCH***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 38056.txt or 38056.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/8/0/5/38056
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://www.gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
diff --git a/38056.zip b/38056.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c12da82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38056.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39f2c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #38056 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38056)