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diff --git a/37666.txt b/37666.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae52340 --- /dev/null +++ b/37666.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2410 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, by +Ministry of Economic Affairs + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland + June 1922 + +Author: Ministry of Economic Affairs + +Release Date: October 8, 2011 [EBook #37666] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + + + + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | Text in Gaelic Script marked +like so+. | + | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + _FOR OFFICIAL USE._ + + + RIALTAS SEALADACH NA HEIREANN. + + MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS. + + + + + REPORT + + ON THE + + COST OF LIVING + + IN + + IRELAND + + JUNE, 1922. + + + + +DUBLIN: +PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATIONERY OFFICE. + + +To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from +EASON & SON, LTD., 40 AND 41 LOWER SACKVILLE STREET, DUBLIN. + + +1922. + +_Price One Shilling._ + + + + +PREFACE. + + +It having been represented to the Provisional Government that it was +desirable to calculate an official figure indicating in respect of +Ireland the change in the cost of living at the present time as compared +with the cost of living in 1914, the Provisional Government appointed +for the purpose on 10th June, 1922, a Committee comprising +representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture, Finance, Economic +Affairs and Labour. The Committee reported on the 4th August, 1922, and +the result of its enquiries, together with the Committee's detailed +explanation of the procedure adopted, are appended hereto. + +The conclusions set out in the report represent the closest +approximation which is practicable to the average increases in the cost +of maintaining, in particular months of the current year as compared +with July, 1914, the same standard of living for a family dependent on +wage earnings in places with 500 or more inhabitants. The inquiry +applied to the whole of Ireland, and its basis is therefore broad enough +to be reasonably dependable for any practical purpose to which a +calculation as to changes in the cost of living can usefully be applied. + +It is proposed to arrange for the calculation at intervals of three +months of a cost of living figure on the same basis as that adopted by +the Committee for the purpose of this report. September will be the next +month for which a figure will be determined. + +It is to be observed that the information collected in the course of +this inquiry has incidentally revealed relations between the wholesale +and the retail prices of several important commodities and between the +prices of the same commodity in similar localities which require +explanation. This matter is being further examined with a view to +determining whether any undue advantage is being taken of the general +body of consumers, and, if that be the case, to the adoption of +appropriate remedies. + +MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, +_23rd August, 1922_. + + + + +THE COST OF LIVING + +IN + +IRELAND. + + +REPORT + +_To the Chairman, Provisional Government, Ireland._ + + +By minute dated the 10th June last we were appointed by the Government +to determine the cost of living in Ireland for the months of March and +June, 1922, as compared with the cost of living in July, 1914, on such a +basis as would show the average increase in the cost of maintaining the +same standard of living for a family dependent on wage earnings. We were +asked to complete our calculations not later than July 15th, if +possible, but owing to the fact that a considerable proportion of our +staff were unable to reach our offices during the recent troubles in +Dublin we were given until the 25th to complete our work. The following +letter was sent to the Head of the Government on the 26th July:-- + + "A Chara,--The Report of the Cost of Living Committee is not yet + finally drafted, but the main lines of it have been agreed upon. We + think, therefore, that we ought to acquaint you at once that our + investigations show that the percentage increase in the Cost of + Living of Wage Earning Classes in Ireland between July, 1914, and + June, 1922, is 85.2 per cent. and the increase between July, 1914 + and March, 1922, is 91.4 per cent. + + "Sinne, le meas mor," + +The following Report, while bringing out the points essential to a +purely Irish cost of living inquiry, can hardly be regarded as +exhaustive, in view of the mass of figures collected which could be +examined from many different points of view. Had we been able to spend a +longer time in digesting these figures we should not have arrived at any +different final result as regards the Irish cost of living figure; but +we think that many interesting and important facts might be brought out +by a further analysis of the figures which we have not had time to +undertake, and we suggest, therefore, that the Government should request +the Ministry of Economic Affairs to investigate more thoroughly, from +the point of view of their general economic significance, the figures +collected and compiled. + + +Method of Compiling Cost of Living Figures. + +In every country in which cost of living figures have been obtained the +same method, as far as broad lines are concerned, has been followed. The +method adopted is to ascertain the average retail prices for a number of +representative commodities for the dates to be compared and then to +combine these retail prices in a single figure representing the change +in retail prices as a whole. This combination is not effected by a plain +average, but the individual price changes are "weighted" according to a +comparison of the amounts spent on each of the commodities concerned +(_e.g._, a change in the price of a commodity such as bread, must +obviously be given more "weight" than a change in the price of such +commodities as cheese or soap) and in order to determine the proper +"weight" to attach to the retail price changes, representative family +budgets are obtained showing the details of the actual expenditure of a +large number of households. By combining these budgets it is possible to +discover the relationship between the consumption of the various items; +for instance, 12s. may be spent on meat for every 5s. 6d. spent on +butter, and so on. The retail price changes can then be "weighted" +according to the results given by the budgets and the final figure +arrived at by combining them on these lines. + + +Stages of our Inquiry. + +Our inquiry can, therefore, be divided into four main stages: + + =(A)= The collection of retail prices for July, 1914, and March and + June, 1922. + + =(B)= The collection and analysis of representative family budgets + by means of which to determine the "weighting" of the retail price + changes. + + =(C)= The combination of the retail price changes by means of the + "weights" so obtained into one final figure. + + =(D)= The results of applying different methods of "weighting." + + +(A) Collection of Retail Prices. + +We found that as regards articles of food much of the information we +required had already been collected by the Ministry of Economic Affairs +who had obtained returns for July, 1914, and March, 1922, from 420 +sources in towns of 500 persons and upwards; and also that retail prices +of a certain number of articles of food had been collected in 1914, in +Ireland by the Labour Statistics Branch of the Board of Trade. + +Our first task was, therefore, to collect returns of the retail prices +in June, 1922, of all the commodities selected, and of the corresponding +prices in July, 1914, and March, 1922, where these were not already at +our disposal. + +Forms were accordingly drawn up on which this information could be +collected and specimens of these forms are shown in the Appendix to the +Report. + + +(1) _Food, Clothing, Fuel and Light, and Sundries._ + +These forms for food, clothing, fuel and light and sundries, were sent +out for completion through the channels used by the Ministry for +Economic Affairs in its inquiry (viz.:--officials of the Post Office, of +the Ministry of Labour, and of the Local Government Board, and in the +Six-County area through other sources), and to the same towns as in that +inquiry (viz.:--towns with populations of 500 and over). In the case of +the larger towns more than one report was asked for, graduating from two +returns to twenty returns according to their population as shown in the +Census of 1911. + +The following table summarises essential particulars regarding the +forms:-- + + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + | | Number | + | Number | of | Returns + Form. | of Forms | Towns | collected + |dealt with.|from which| by + | | received.| + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + Prices (Food) A | 450 | 250 } | + Prices (Food, Fuel and | | } |Post Office, Ministry + Light and Sundries) B 2| 436 | 220 } | of Labour, and + Prices (Meat) B 3| 434 | 227 } | Local Government + Prices (Clothing) B 4| 436 | 216 } | Board Officials. + Rents B 5| 91 | 71 |Rate Collectors and + | | | Town Clerks. + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + + +(2) _Rents._--The forms for rents were issued through the Local +Government Board, and in the Six-County area through other sources, and +filled in for the most part by Rate Collectors in the several districts +and towns in Ireland. They were asked to state the rents in July, 1914, +and in March, and June, 1922, of about 20 houses in their districts +showing the number of rooms and the Poor Law Valuation, the latter +figures enabling us to ensure that the same classes of houses of wage +earners were being compared. Enquiry was also made in connection with +the rents of tenements, and due allowance was made for this in the final +figures. The rent figures include rates in every case. + + +(3) _Compilation of prices for individual commodities._--The next step +was to calculate from these returns the average retail prices of the +individual commodities selected, and this was done as follows:-- + + * * * * * + +One set of average retail prices was compiled from the returns of the +Post Office officials, and another from those of the other officials, +and a division of the forms was made on this basis. + +The retail prices of food, etc. (on Forms A, B2 and B3), and of clothing +(Form B4) were then separately summarised in the two groups, viz.--those +received from the Post Office officials and those received from the +officials of the other Departments for July, 1914, and March and June, +1922. + + +(4) _Compilation of Rent Returns._ + +The rent returns were treated in precisely the same manner, except that +there was no division, since the returns were received through the Local +Government Board only. + +On pages 7 and 8 is the list of average retail prices so compiled:-- + + +(5) LIST OF PRICES. + +THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHEWS RETAIL PRICES IN IRISH TOWNS OF 500 INHABITANTS + AND UPWARDS; AS AVERAGED FROM RETURNS COLLECTED BY OFFICERS OF THE POST + OFFICE, MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. + + -----------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------------- + | Mid July, | Mid March, | Mid June, + | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. + -----------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------------- + | | M.L.| | M.L.| | M.L. + | P.O.| and | P.O.| and | P.O. | and + | | L.G.| | L.G.| | L.G. + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + FOOD. per| d. | d. | d. | d. | d. | d. + Beef lb.| 8.0| 7.8| 13.5| 13.4| 13.4| 13.2 + Mutton lb.| 8.6| 8.3| 16.0| 15.5| 16.0| 15.5 + Pork Chops lb.| 8.9| 9.2| 17.5| 17.7| 20.1| 20.0 + Pork Sausages lb.| 8.7| 8.6| 16.8| 16.4| 16.3| 16.1 + Bacon lb.| 9.2| 9.5| 19.7| 17.9| 20.7| 19.0 + Butter, Irish Creamery lb.| 13.9| 12.8| 23.9| 22.3| 23.2| 22.6 + Butter, Irish Farmers lb.| 12.6| 10.6| 24.4| 20.0| 19.9| 18.9 + Cheese lb.| 9.8| 9.8| 17.8| 17.0| 17.4| 16.8 + Margarine, 1st grade lb.| 7.6| 7.7| 11.7| 12.1| 11.8| 11.2 + Margarine, 2nd grade lb.| 6.2| 6.1| 9.1| 9.6| 8.8| 8.4 + Lard lb.| 7.1| 7.3| 13.6| 11.5| 12.0| 11.6 + Milk, Fresh quart| 2.5| 2.6| 6.8| 6.4| 5.4| 4.9 + Condensed Milk, Irish lb. tin| 6.8| 5.6| 13.1| 12.8| 11.9| 11.6 + Condensed Milk, | | | | | | + Imported lb. tin| 7.2| 6.2| 13.8| 13.4| 12.8| 11.8 + Eggs, 1st Grade dozen| 9.6| 11.2| 19.5| 19.2| 19.0| 17.3 + Bread 2 lb. loaf| 3.2| 3.0| 5.8| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6 + Flour, household 14 lb.| 19.8| 22.1| 36.6| 33.3| 35.7| 35.8 + Oatmeal 14 lb.| 21.1| 23.7| 38.1| 41.6| 41.1| 41.3 + Rice lb.| 2.8| 2.7| 5.8| 5.6| 5.5| 5.4 + Potatoes, old 14 lb.| 5.5| 7.3| 12.8| 13.7| 16.6| 16.5 + Tea, Best lb.| 30.3| 30.5| 44.2| 45.4| 42.6| 42.7 + Tea, Cheapest lb.| 18.1| 18.3| 31.4| 29.1| 27.1| 26.4 + Sugar, white | | | | | | + granulated lb.| 2.2| 2.1| 5.9| 5.8| 5.9| 6.0 + Jam lb.| 6.6| 6.7| 16.2| 16.3| 15.4| 15.5 + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + CLOTHING. | | | | | | + | | | | | | + WOMEN'S. | s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d. + | | | | | | + Light Coats | 8 10|25 7| 53 0| 47 0| 51 8| 46 0 + Heavy Coats |30 10|31 7| 58 2| 57 11| 56 5| 56 4 + Costumes |44 2|41 7| 79 9| 77 11| 77 7| 76 4 + Blouses | 5 3| 4 8| 10 3| 9 5| 9 9| 9 1 + Skirts | 8 1| 5 10| 14 7| 11 2| 13 7| 10 10 + Stockings | 1 4| 1 5| 3 0| 2 9| 2 9| 2 8 + Combinations | 5 8| 5 0| 11 1| 10 0| 10 8| 9 9 + Corsets | 4 2| 3 8| 8 2| 6 10| 7 10| 6 8 + Underskirts | 4 1| 3 2| 7 8| 5 10| 7 4| 5 9 + Chemises | 2 5| 2 5| 4 10| 4 6| 4 9| 4 4 + Boots |11 2| 8 7| 22 9| 16 0| 21 11| 15 9 + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + GIRLS (OVER 6). | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Coats |14 1|11 8| 25 9| 21 0| 25 1| 20 9 + Dresses |13 11| 9 7| 27 3| 17 7| 26 3| 17 3 + Stockings | 1 4| 1 2| 2 8| 2 2| 2 5| 2 1 + Combinations | 4 5| 3 10| 8 0| 6 9| 7 9| 6 8 + Stays | 2 9| 2 5| 5 10| 4 9| 5 6| 4 8 + Petticoats | 2 7| 2 2| 4 11| 4 1| 4 8| 4 0 + Chemises | 2 1| 1 11| 3 9| 3 3| 3 7| 3 2 + Boots | 8 4| 7 9| 16 6| 14 2| 15 10| 14 0 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + MEN'S. | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Overcoats (Readymade) |34 3|33 7| 69 1| 64 3| 66 5| 63 4 + Overcoats (Tailormade) |53 6|48 10|100 11| 93 3| 98 7| 91 8 + Suits (Readymade) |31 5|35 0| 67 9| 70 0| 66 2| 68 6 + Suits (Tailormade) |58 10|54 5|119 6|113 10|116 4|112 7 + Trousers (Readymade) | 8 6| 8 1| 17 0| 15 5| 16 6| 15 0 + Trousers (Tailormade) |15 7|13 9| 32 2| 29 8| 31 7| 29 0 + Singlets | 3 6| 2 8| 7 5| 5 2| 7 0| 5 0 + Drawers | 3 9| 2 10| 7 7| 5 3| 7 2| 5 2 + Shirts | 3 8| 3 1| 7 2| 6 5| 6 11| 6 4 + Socks | 1 2| 1 2| 2 5| 2 3| 2 3| 2 2 + Boots |12 5|11 11| 24 6| 23 3| 23 9| 22 9 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + BOYS (OVER 6). | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Overcoats |16 8|14 11| 33 1| 29 0| 32 1| 27 9 + Suits |15 9|15 7| 31 7| 31 1| 30 5| 30 0 + Shirts | 2 1| 2 0| 4 2| 3 9| 3 11| 3 8 + Stockings | 1 3| 1 4| 2 6| 2 7| 2 3| 2 6 + Boots | 8 9| 7 8| 16 9| 13 11| 16 0| 13 6 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + OTHER COMMODITIES. | | | | | | + | d.| d.| d.| d.| d.| d. + Coal 112 lb.| 17.4| 17.1| 38.9| 37.0| 37.2| 35.0 + Turf 112 lb.| 13.7| 11.1| 29.9| 26.2| 30.1| 25.1 + Gas for Lighting 1,000 c. ft| 50.6| 51.5| 101.9 98.9| 101.0| 98.2 + Gas for Cooking 1,000 c. ft| 49.1| 48.7| 101.7| 97.1| 101.1| 96.6 + Electricity for unit| 5.3| 5.3| 10.4| 9.7| 10.3| 9.4 + Lighting | | | | | | + Electricity for unit| 3.0| 2.4| 5.7| 5.0| 5.7| 5.0 + Cooking | | | | | | + Candles lb.| 3.5| 3.8| 7.1| 6.8| 6.5| 6.3 + Paraffin Oil gallon| 8.3| 8.9| 20.4| 19.9| 19.8| 19.9 + Soap (Household) lb.| 3.6| 3.6| 7.8| 7.3| 7.4| 6.9 + Pipe Tobacco 2 ozs.| 7.0| 7.0| 17.0| 17.0| 17.0| 17.0 + Cigarettes pkt. of 10| 3.0| 3.0| 6.0| 6.0| 6.0| 6.0 + +THE FOLLOWING TABLE shows Retail Prices in March and June, +1922, in respect of certain Commodities for which corresponding prices +in 1914 were not collected. + + ------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------- + | Mid-March, 1922.| Mid-June, 1922 + |--------+--------+--------+------ + | | M.L. | | M.L. + | P.O. | and | P.O. | and + | | L.G. | | L.G. + ------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------ + | d. | d. | d. | d. + Butter (Irish Factory) per lb. | 21.9 | 21.1 | 22.0 | 20.6 + Rice (Rangoon) per lb. | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 + Rice (Java) per lb. | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.6 + Jam (Strawberry) per lb. | 15.7 | 15.9 | 15.2 | 15.2 + Fresh Pork (Shoulders) per lb. | 16.8 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 17.4 + Fresh Herrings per lb. | 26.1 | 25.3 | 25.6 | 23.7 + Cod Steak per lb. | 14.4 | 14.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 + Tea (Quality most used by | | | | + working classes) per lb. | 36.1 | 35.0 | 33.4 | 32.1 + Cabbage per head | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.1 + ------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------ + +The above prices, which were used as far as possible in conjunction with +other figures to arrive at the correct increases between July, 1914, and +March and June, 1922, in respect of commodities, less specifically +described in the returns for 1914 (_e.g._, Butter, Rice, Jam), will also +be of value in the future as an additional basis from which to calculate +the change in the cost of living. + + +NOTES ON RETAIL PRICES. + +(_a_) _Collection of Figures for 1914._ + +There are obvious difficulties in the collection of figures for 1914 +after so long a lapse of time, and the accuracy of these figures may +possibly be questioned. + +Despite the eight years' interval, however, we believe these prices to +be reasonably accurate. The compilers of the returns were asked to get +figures in every case from the actual books kept by the shopkeepers; and +the food prices collected by us are in substantial agreement with those +collected by the Board of Trade in 1914. The latter are, as a matter of +fact, slightly higher than those collected by us, so that if they were +to be used in preference to our figures the resultant percentage +increase would be slightly lower than on the figures which we have +accepted. + +(_b_) _Comparison Restricted to Strictly Comparable Articles._ + +A point to be noted is that in comparing prices at different dates it is +essential that articles of different quality should not be compared; +milk, for instance, is a simple commodity and is always comparable with +milk, but beef is a variable commodity inasmuch as sirloin beef is not +strictly comparable with shin beef; consequently special figures showing +the relative consumption and average prices of the different parts of +beef, mutton and bacon were obtained on Form B3 (see Appendix), and in +these cases the prices as returned for each description of meat are +separately weighted by the average quantities purchased in order to +arrive at the ultimate average prices for "beef," "mutton," etc. + +As regards all other articles, it will be seen from the instructions on +the forms that pains were taken to explain that prices must only be +returned for strictly comparable articles. + + +(_c_) _Accuracy of Rent Figures._ + +A point likely to give rise to criticism is the low percentage increase +shown for rent. This figure is, however, the result of comparing the +actual returns sent us by the Town Clerks and Rate Collectors, who gave +the actual name of the street and the actual number of each house, and +on the closest investigation we have no reason to doubt the accuracy of +their figures. The average weekly rents (including rates) appearing from +those returns are:-- + + Average Weekly + Rent + (including Rates). + July, 1914 4s. 0d. + March, 1922 5s. 2d. + June, 1922 5s. 2d. + + +(_d_) _Comparison of Figures received from Post Office and other +Sources._ + +It will have been noted from the Table of Retail Prices given above that +on the whole there is comparatively little difference between the sets +of figures compiled by the Post Office officials and those compiled by +the Ministry of Labour and Local Government Board officials, though the +Post Office figures tend to give a somewhat higher average increase of +prices. This is brought out by the following table of the ratios of +retail prices for the main groups of commodities for the three dates:-- + + ---------------+-----------------+------------------+----------------- + | Mid-July, 1914. | Mid-March, 1922. | Mid-June, 1922. + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------- + | A | B | A | B | A | B + Food | 52.4 | 54.6 | 104.8 | 102.8 | 100 | 100 + Clothing | 52.7 | 52.9 | 103.9 | 101.7 | 100 | 100 + Rent (C) | 78.9 | 78.9 | 100.4 | 100.4 | 100 | 100 + Fuel and Light | 46.6 | 48.1 | 104.8 | 104.4 | 100 | 100 + Sundries | 50.5 | 51.9 | 103.2 | 103.1 | 100 | 100 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------- + +The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office. + +The figures B result from the returns from other Departments. + +The figures C were obtained from only one Department--the Local +Government Board. + +(In case the meaning of this table is not at once clear, it may be +explained that the first line, for instance, means that for 100s. +expended on food by the wage-earning households in June, 1922, exactly +the same quantities and exactly the same foods could, according to the +Post Office officials' returns, be purchased in March, 1922, for +104.8s., and in July, 1914, for 52.4s. and according to the other +returns for 102.8s. and 54.6s. respectively; and so on with the other +items). + +The near agreement of these figures is a strong proof of their essential +accuracy. We ultimately decided to take the average between the two sets +of figures as representing the nearest approach to the truth at which we +could arrive. + + +(B) The Collection of Household Budgets. + +(1) _Representative Budgets._ + +The second stage of our enquiry was to obtain representative household +budgets, from which to compile the "weights" by which the individual +price changes might be combined into a single final figure. + +For this purpose a special Form was drafted (Form B6, a copy of which +appears in the Appendix) and some 5,000 of these forms were despatched +to National School teachers in every school in the country, accompanied +by detailed instructions (of which there is a copy in the Appendix) of +the method in which they were to be completed. + +Notwithstanding the difficulties of the time when these budgets were +called for, and the fact that a number of forms were held up and perhaps +lost in the post, we were able to use 308 completed budgets of +wage-earning households, received from 112 towns. This number was quite +sufficient for our purpose. These budgets were excellently filled in, +and, apart from the fact that such a number is in itself a fair +guarantee of the statistical results obtained, we are satisfied for +reasons given below of the substantial accuracy of the budgets. + +(2) _Wide Scope of Budgets._ + +The budgets received were from a very varied class of households, and as +will be seen from the following list, embraced the principal industrial +occupations. Labourers, Fishermen, Messengers, Servants, Pilots, Barmen, +Carpenters, Boatmen, Building Contractors, Motor Boat Drivers, +Plasterers, Ship Inspector, Stone Masons, Marine Engineer, Bricklayer, +Mill-hands, Yachtman, Caretakers, Tailors, Post Office Workers, +Housekeepers, Tailoresses, Gardeners, Herds, Dress-makers, Shop +Assistants, Farm Stewards, Shoemakers, Charwomen, Dairyman, Cottage +Industries, Laundresses, Egg Packer, Milliners, Washerwomen, Fowl +Plucker, Shirtmaker, Hairdresser, Wool Sorter, Spinners, Smiths, +Woodcutters, Embroidery Workers, Fitters, Sawyers, Hosiers, +Boiler-makers, Wood-turners, Stitchers, Engineers, Body-makers, +Knitters, Plumbers, Golf Caddies, Lace-makers, Machinists, Pointers, +Road Engine Drivers, Crane-driver, Paper Maker, Motor Mechanics, +Collier, Sextons, Car Drivers, Brass-finisher, Butchers, Carters, +Bakers, Dealer, Chauffeur, Millers, Electrician, Tram Driver, +Confectioner, Watchmaker, Railway Workers, Painters and Saddlers, etc. + +(3) _Compilation of Budgets._ + +Two methods of compiling the budgets were followed:--A simple addition +was made of the particulars of the expenditure on each item separately +recorded on each of the budgets. These particulars consisted of the +expenditure on food, sundries, and rent for one week in June, 1922; the +particulars of yearly expenditure on items of clothing, fuel and light +were reduced to a weekly average by dividing by 52, before adding. The +resulting totals gave the present average weekly expenditure on each +article, and consequently the _proportion_ which the expenditure on each +article bears to the total expenditure of the average wage-earning +household. + +A more complex method of compilation was also adopted which should lead +to an even more accurate result. + +It was found by analysis of the Census figures that the proportion of +children under 14 to adults (persons over 14) is approximately as 2 to +5, and an adjustment was made to bring the budgets into conformity with +this proportion in order that they might truly represent the actual +proportions of the population of the country, the assumption being that +the percentage rise in the price of articles mainly consumed by children +might be higher or lower than the rise in the prices of articles mainly +consumed by persons over 14. + +The budgets were accordingly classified into three groups, viz.:--"S" or +simple households, consisting of not more than two persons over 14 +years, and with one or more children under 14 years; "C" or complex +households, consisting of more than two persons over 14 years, and with +one or more children under 14 years; and "A" or adult households, in +which there were not any persons under 14 years. + +It was necessary to multiply the "A" group by 3, in order to bring the +proportionate number of adults and children in the budgets with which we +were dealing into conformity with the national proportion (5 to 2). The +figures for the three groups having been totalled separately, those +obtained for the "A" group were weighted accordingly. + +It was found, however, that the difference between the "weights" +obtained by the first and by the second methods were so small as to be +quite negligible, as is shown by the following tables:-- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES FROM JULY, 1914, TO MARCH, 1922, AS SHOWN BY +THE APPLICATION OF POST OFFICE PRICES.[A] + + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + | | | | Fuel | | Total + Budget | Food. | Clothing. | Rent. | and | Sundries. | for all + Grouping. | | | | Light. | | Items. + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + S+C+A | 99.8 | 97.1 | 27.3 | 120.6 | 104.2 | 95.5 + S+C+3A | 99.9 | 97.3 | 27.3 | 124.9 | 104.1 | 95.7 + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES FROM JULY, 1914, TO MARCH, 1922, AS SHOWN BY THE +APPLICATION OF MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT +PRICES. + + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- + | | | | Fuel | | Total + Budget | Food. | Clothing. | Rent.[A] | and | Sundries. | for all + Grouping. | | | | Light. | | Items. + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- + S+C+A | 88.2 | 91.4 | 27.3 | 116.8 | 97.0 | 86.9 + S+C+3A | 88.3 | 92.0 | 27.3 | 117.2 | 96.9 | 87.0 + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- +[A: Figures obtained for Local Government Board only.] + +It may be mentioned here that if weights are obtained for the "S" group +of households only, _i.e._, for an average of two adults, and 3.5 +children, the final increase in the cost of living figures would be 91.2 +for March, 1922, and 84.6 for June, 1922, _i.e._, practically identical +with the figures obtained by "weighting" in accordance with all the +budgets. + +(4) _Table of Weights._ + +The following Table shows the actual Irish "weights," representing the +proportionate expenditure by the average wage-earning household on the +various commodities, as compiled from the budgets received. + +The actual Irish weights or proportions of expenditure on each item are +as follow:-- + + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Total expenditure 100 | Food 57.05 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Beef 5.18 | Flour 3.70 + Mutton 2.94 | Oatmeal, etc .97 + Fresh Pork .63 | Rice, Sago, etc. .45 + Sausages, Black Puddings, etc. .82 | Potatoes 3.16 + Bacon, Pigs' Heads, etc. 5.23 | Other Vegetables 1.33 + Fresh Fish .61 | Tea 3.80 + Cured or Tinned Fish .16 | Sugar 3.24 + Butter 6.91 | Jam 1.12 + Cheese .26 | Other Food .95 + Margarine .18 | Meals eaten at Shops, + Lard .25 | Hotels, etc. .70 + Fresh Milk 4.56 | + Condensed Milk .09 | + Eggs 3.44 | Total Food 57.05 + Bread 6.37 | + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + CLOTHING 17.48 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + _Women's_:-- _Girl's_ (over 6):-- + Coats .69 | + Hats .37 | Coats .50 + Costumes 1.09 | Hats .23 + Blouses, etc. .39 | Dresses .69 + Skirts .21 | Stockings .20 + Stockings .24 | Combinations .13 + Combinations .15 | Stays .11 + Corsets .19 | Petticoats .15 + Underskirts .18 | Chemises .13 + Chemises .19 | Boots and Shoes .71 + Boots and Shoes .92 | Other Clothing .19 + Other Clothing .27 | + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + _Men's_:-- _Boy's_ (over 6):-- + Overcoats .83 | Overcoats .27 + Suits 2.60 | Suits .83 + Hats .38 | Caps .07 + Singlets .30 | Shirts .17 + Drawers .30 | Stockings .12 + Shirts .55 | Boots and Shoes .56 + Socks .32 | Other Clothing .13 + Boots and Shoes 1.33 | + Other Clothing .34 | _Children_ (under 6):-- + | Clothes, Boots, etc. .45 + | + | Total Clothing 17.48 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Rent 5.41 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Fuel and Light 7.04 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Coal 3.14 | Electricity for Cooking -- + Turf 1.79 | Candles .33 + Firewood .34 | Paraffin Oil .67 + Gas for Lighting .40 | Other Fuel and Light .05 + Gas for Cooking, etc. .29 | + Electricity for lighting .03 | Total Fuel and Light 7.04 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Sundries 13.02 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Soap 1.12 | Other Sundries 8.41 + Pipe Tobacco 2.11 | + Cigarettes 1.38 | Total Sundries 13.02 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Total Expenditure 100.0 + +NOTES ON THE BUDGETS. + +(a) _Reliability of Budgets. Tests._ + +As a test of the reliability of the budget returns several sets were +taken at random and were arranged in two groups having a common factor +of approximately equal numbers of persons and equal total income. It was +found on addition that the proportion of total expenditure spent on each +description of food, clothing, etc., was approximately the same in each +family and income group. Thus we treated the first 30 budgets from +households with small and large incomes in this manner, dividing them so +that each lot of 15 would have about the same number of persons and the +same income. The selection was made without any reference whatever to +expenditure, and the following were the results:-- + +PERCENTAGE EXPENDITURE. + + 1st Lot 2nd Lot + of 15. of 15. + Food 54.3 53.2 + Clothing 20.9 20.3 + Rent 6.6 6.7 + Fuel and Light 6.7 6.7 + Sundries 11.5 13.1 + +NUMBERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD. + + Under 4 8 3 + 4 to 13 30 31 + 14 and over 57 59 + -- -- + Total, 95 93 + + Total Weekly Incomes 1597s. 1543s. + +_The Household Budgets in the "S" Group were separately tested and the +following results were obtained:--_ + + ------------------------------+------------------------------------- + | INCOME OF HOUSEHOLD. + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Proportion of Expenditure | Under | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 + under each of the following | L3 | | | | upwards + sub-divisions:-- | | | | | + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Food | 61.1 | 60.4 | 56.3 | 48.0 | 41.4 + Clothing | 15.7 | 13.7 | 19.3 | 19.4 | 17.7 + Rent | 5.3 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 8.8 | 12.4 + Fuel and Light | 8.7 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 9.0 + Sundries | 9.2 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 19.5 + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 + | | | | | + ------------------------------+-------+------+------+------+-------- + +This test showed that the budgets we used conformed with common +experience, and is, therefore, evidence of their reliability. + + +(_b_) _Comparison of English and Irish Weights._ + +The weights used in England in compiling the British index figure were +compiled from budgets collected as long ago as 1904. These show a +pre-war standard of living and the final index figure shows the +percentage increase in expenditure necessary to maintain that precise +standard of living absolutely unchanged at the present day. + +We were not in possession of any Irish figures by which the pre-war +standard of living could be accurately measured, and it was accordingly +necessary for us to obtain budgets showing the present standard of +living. Our final index figure therefore shows the percentage increase +in expenditure which would have been necessary to maintain the present +standard of living absolutely unchanged from July, 1914, to the present +day. + +It has been seen that according to the figures compiled by us, 57.1s. +out of every 100s. is spent on food in Irish wage-earning class +households; 17.5s. on clothing, and so on, and it is of interest to +compare these "weights" with the corresponding figures calculated by +the English Ministry of Labour from the "United Kingdom" Budgets of +1904, which relate to the pre-war "United Kingdom" Standard of Living +and which are still in use in England. + +The following table shows the proportion of each 100s. spent by +Wage-Earning Class Households which is spent on (1) Food, (2) Clothing, +(3) Rent, (4) Fuel and Light, and (5) Sundries:-- + + ----------------------------------------------+----------------------- + | IN IRELAND. | IN "UNITED KINGDOM." + +--------------------------+----------------------- + | In June, |In July, 1914| |In July, + Class of | 1922, as |as calculated| In July, |1922, as + Commodity. | calculated |from the | 1914, as |calculated + | from the |previous |calculated |from 1904 + | Committee's|column by | from 1904 |Budgets by + | Budgets. |price | Budgets. |price + | |changes. | |changes. + -------------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + | A. | B. | C. | D. + (1) Food | 57.1 | 56.2 | 60 | 58.6 + (2) Clothing | 17.5 | 17.0 | 12 | 15.6 + (3) Rent | 5.4 | 7.9 | 16 | 13.3 + (4) Fuel and | | | | + Light | 7.0 | 6.6 | 8 | 8.3 + (5) Sundries | 13.0 | 12.3 | 4 | 4.2 + +------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100 | 100.0 + -------------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + +It should be explained that the method of arriving at Columns B and D is +as follows:-- + +The amounts of the various commodities consumed, as shown in the table +compiled from the budgets, are left unchanged, but the prices are +altered according to the prices ruling at the date under consideration, +_i.e._, Column B shows the proportion of expenditure in 1914 on the +various classes of commodities had the 1914 standard been precisely the +same as the present day standard. + + +(C) Compilation of the Final Figure. + +We were now in possession of the retail prices of the individual +commodities at the different dates, and of the weights obtained from the +summarisation of the household budgets, and these prices and weights for +the main groups of articles are set out in the subjoined table:-- + + --------------+---------------+-----------------+-------------+--------- + | | | | Irish + |Mid-July, 1914.| Mid-March, 1922.| Mid-June, | Weights + | | | 1922. |(see last + | | | | par.). + --------------+-------+-------+--------+--------+------+------+--------- + | A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. | + Food | 52.4 | 54.6 | 104.8 | 102.8 | 100 | 100 | 57.1 + Clothing | 52.7 | 52.9 | 103.9 | 101.7 | 100 | 100 | 17.5 + Rent (C) | 78.9 | 78.9 | 100.4 | 100.4 | 100 | 100 | 5.4 + Fuel and Light| 46.6 | 48.1 | 104.8 | 104.4 | 100 | 100 | 7.0 + Sundries | 50.5 | 51.9 | 103.2 | 103.1 | 100 | 100 | 13.0 + --------------+-------+----------------+--------+------+------+--------- + + The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office. + The figures B result from the returns from other Departments. + The figures C were obtained from only one Department--the Local + Government Board. + +It now only remained for us to compile the final figure. + +This was ascertained by multiplying the ratio prices of the various +commodities by the "weights" appropriate to those commodities (_i.e._, +by multiplying the figures in the first six columns of the table above +by the figures in the final column). + +The following table gives the result so obtained:-- + + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + | Mid-July, 1914. | Mid-March, 1922. | Mid-June, 1922. + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + | A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. + Food | 2992.0 | 3117.7 | 5984.1 | 5869.9 | 5710.0 | 5710.0 + Clothing | 922.3 | 925.7 | 1818.2 | 1779.7 | 1750.0 | 1750.0 + Rent (C) | 426.1 | 426.1 | 542.2 | 542.2 | 540.0 | 540.0 + Fuel and Light | 326.2 | 336.7 | 730.8 | 730.8 | 700.0 | 700.0 + Sundries | 657.0 | 674.7 | 1341.6 | 1327.3 | 1300.0 | 1300.0 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + Total | 5323.6 | 5480.9 | 10416.9 | 10249.9 | 10000.0 | 10000.0 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + +Then, taking the prices in July, 1914, as the standard and representing +them by the figure of 100 we get the final percentage table. + + ----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------- + | Mid. | Mid. | Mid. + | July, 1914| March, 1922. | June, 1922. + ----------------+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+------ + As Per Cent. of | | | | | | + | A | B | A | B | A | B + July, 1914. | 100 | 100 | 195.7 | 187.0 | 187.8 | 182.5 + ----------------+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+------ + +The following table shows the percentage changes so obtained for the +main groups of commodities:-- + + ----------------+-------------------+----------------- + | March 1922 over | June 1922 over + | July 1914. | July 1914. + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + | A | B | A | B + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + Food | 99.9 | 88.3 | 90.8 | 83.2 + Clothing | 97.3 | 92.0 | 89.9 | 88.7 + Rent (C) | 27.3 | 27.3 | 26.8 | 26.8 + Fuel and Light | 124.9 | 117.2 | 114.6 | 108.0 + Sundries | 104.1 | 96.9 | 97.8 | 92.8 + +---------+---------+---------+------- + ALL ITEMS | 95.7 | 87.0 | 87.8 | 82.5 + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + +The figures in column marked "A" as before were obtained from the prices +collected by Post Office officials, and those marked "B" from prices +collected by officials of the Ministry of Labour and Local Government +Board. + +By taking the mean of "A" and "B" for March and for June, 1922, the +final figures showing the increases in the Cost of Living are +obtained:-- + + Mid-March, 1922, Mid-June, 1922, + over July, 1914. over July, 1914. + + =91.4= per cent. =85.2= per cent. + +=and these are the final figures which we recommend the Government to +adopt.= + + +NOTES ON THE COMPILATION. + + (_a_) _Comparison of Post Office, Ministry of Labour and Local + Government Board Figures._ + +The close similarity between the figures supplied by the various +Departments can perhaps be most clearly seen in a different tabular +form. + +For every 100 shillings spent by wage-earning classes in July, 1914, the +following would be the corresponding amounts (as shown by the different +returns) which would have to be spent in order to maintain the same +standard of living in March and June, 1922. + + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + | | Ministry of | Mean of | Deviation | Deviation + | Post | Labour and | columns | of (_a_) and | as a + |Office.| Ministry of |(_a_) and| (_b_) from | percentage of + | | Local Govt. | (_b_). | the mean. | column (_c_). + | (_a_) | (_b_) | (_c_) | | + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + March, | | | | | + 1922 | 195.7 | 187.0 | 191.35 | 4.35 | 2.3 + June, | | | | | + 1922 | 187.8 | 182.5 | 185.15 | 2.65 | 1.4 + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + +The last column shows that in general the difference between Post +Office, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Local Government was 2.3 per +cent. of the mean for prices returned for March, 1922, and 1.4 per cent. +of the mean for prices returned for June, 1922--surely a small +difference considering the instability of prices. + +(_b_) _Sundries._ + +A point of some importance is the following:-- + +In the British budgets only items of which the price changes could be +accurately measured are understood to have been included. + +In our Summary all "Sundries" shown in the budgets are included. But as +the price change of only about one-third of them could be directly +measured it was assumed that the change in the level of the prices of +the remaining sundries varied in the same proportion as the change in +the other four groups combined. + + +(D) Results of Different Weighting. + +Calculations were also made whereby a final figure could be arrived at +by different methods, and the following table shows results obtained:-- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES ARISING BY USING BRITISH WEIGHTS. + + ------------------------------------------------+------------------- + |Percentage Increase + | in Cost of Living + | in Ireland. + DIFFERENT METHODS. |----------+--------- + | July 1914|July 1914 + | to | to + |March 1922|June 1922 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + _a_ By applying British Weights in 1914 | | + to the Committee's Irish Prices of all | | + commodities in 1914 and 1922 the percentage | | + increase in the Cost of Living | | + would be | 84.8 | 80.2 + | | + _b_ Taking Irish Prices for Food in 1914 as | | + collected by the British Board of Trade, | | + but the Committee's Prices for all other | | + commodities in 1914 and all commodities | | + in 1922 the increase would be | 76.6 | 71.0 + | | + _c_ Taking British Prices for food in the | | + "United Kingdom" in 1914, but the Committee's | | + Prices for all other commodities in 1914 | | + and all commodities in 1922 the increase | | + would be | 72.1 | 67.3 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + Prices obtained entirely on Irish weights | | + and prices, and recommended for adoption | | + are | 91.4 | 85.2 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + +As regards this table it should, however, be pointed out that the +commodities selected by us are not in all respects identical with those +selected by the British authorities and that the application of the +weights, although broadly speaking correct, could not be accurate in +every detail. + +It only remains for us to express our gratitude for all the assistance +given to us by the officials of the Departments already mentioned and by +the staff assisting in the actual compilation. Our thanks are especially +due to Mr. C. J. Barry, of the Department of Agriculture and Technical +Instruction and to the National School teachers who furnished such +excellent budgets. + + (Signed) JOHN HOOPER, _Chairman_. + T. K. BEWLEY. + +T. Mac Giolla Padraig.+ + STANLEY LYON. + _4th August, 1922._ + + + + +APPENDIX. + + +Form A. + +DIRECTIONS. + +1. All prices should be quoted in pence, and should be cash prices at +the shop (not delivered). + +2. Please note the quantity mentioned in the first column in each case, +and let your figures correspond. + +3. If actual prices paid for any item are not available--leave space +blank. _Do not estimate._ + +4. The figures quoted for the month of March, 1922, should be those +prevailing on the date on which you fill up the form. + +5. In the column headed "Observations," please furnish any particulars +concerning the retail prices of food in your district, which, in your +opinion are worthy of observation. + +6. Fill in on the back page of the form particulars of the sources from +which information as to the prices of the commodity has been obtained, +for example:-- + + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + COMMODITY. | SOURCE. | NATURE. + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + Butter | John Macken, Main Street | Large Shop--Day Book + Eggs | Personal knowledge | Direct Country supply + Eggs | Mrs. O'Kane, Dublin Road | Household Pass Book + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + +7. The figures representing the majority of the sales are the figures +required. Exceptional prices are of no value. + +8. In every case you should check your information, whether given of +your knowledge or after investigation by enquiry from more than one +source. + + RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN FOOD COMMODITIES IN __________________________ + AT UNDERMENTIONED DATES. (City, Town, or District). + -----------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------- + | 1913 | 1914 | 1922 | + +----+-----+----+----+---------+---------+ Observa- + Commodity |Jan.|April|July|Oct.|Feb.|July|Feb.|Mar.| tions + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Beef (Irish). | | | | | | | | | + Best cuts per lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second parts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Rough meat lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Mutton (Irish). | | | | | | | | | + Best cuts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second parts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Rough meat lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Bacon. | | | | | | | | | + Smoked (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Smoked (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Unsmoked (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Unsmoked (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Shoulder (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Shoulder (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + American (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + American (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Fresh Pork. | | | | | | | | | + Chops lb.| | | | | | | | | + Steaks lb.| | | | | | | | | + Puddings lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Sausages. | | | | | | | | | + Beef lb.| | | | | | | | | + Pork lb.| | | | | | | | | + "Limerick" lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Lard lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Dripping lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Butter. | | | | | | | | | + Irish Creamery lb.| | | | | | | | | + Irish farmer's lb.| | | | | | | | | + New Zealand lb.| | | | | | | | | + Danish lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Margarine. | | | | | | | | | + First Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Cheese (give brand | | | | | | | | | + or other description).| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Eggs. | | | | | | | | | + First Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Second Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Milk. | | | | | | | | | + Fresh quart| | | | | | | | | + Buttermilk quart| | | | | | | | | + Skim Milk quart| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Tinned Milk. | | | | | | | | | + Irish (give size | | | | | | | | | + of tin) | | | | | | | | | + Imported (give | | | | | | | | | + size of tin) | | | | | | | | | + Bread (per 2-lb. Loaf) | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Flour. | | | | | | | | | + Household per stone | | | | | | | | | + Household per sack | | | | | | | | | + of ___ stones. | | | | | | | | | + Best American per | | | | | | | | | + sack of ___ stones. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Meal. | | | | | | | | | + Oaten stone| | | | | | | | | + Wheaten stone| | | | | | | | | + Indian stone| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Rice lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Potatoes stone| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Sugar, White | | | | | | | | | + granulated lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Tea. | | | | | | | | | + Best quality lb.| | | | | | | | | + Cheapest quality lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Coffee, Ground lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Cocoa. | | | | | | | | | + Shell lb.| | | | | | | | | + Tinned lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Jam, Irish (give name | | | | | | | | | + of kind in most | | | | | | | | | + demand). | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Please add any | | | | | | | | | + information available | | | | | | | | | + as to prices of the | | | | | | | | | + following commodities,| | | | | | | | | + giving description of | | | | | | | | | + each item:-- | | | | | | | | | + Fish | | | | | | | | | + Vegetables lb.| | | | | | | | | + Poultry lb.| | | | | | | | | + Fruit lb.| | | | | | | | | + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Signature________________________ + Date_________________ + +PARTICULARS OF SOURCES from which information has been obtained:-- + + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + COMMODITY. | SOURCE. | NATURE. + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + Beef | | + Mutton | | + Bacon | | + Fresh Pork | | + Sausages | | + Lard | | + Dripping | | + Butter | | + Margarine | | + Cheese | | + Eggs | | + Milk | | + Tinned Milk | | + Bread | | + Flour | | + Meal | | + Rice | | + Potatoes | | + Sugar | | + Tea | | + Coffee | | + Cocoa | | + Jam | | + Fish | | + Vegetables | | + Poultry | | + Fruit | | + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + + +Form B 1. + +INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING IN SPECIAL FORMS FOR RETAIL PRICES. + +(1) The necessary inquiries for filling up these forms should be made +immediately. + +(2) The returns duly completed should be posted so as to reach this +Office _not later than Thursday, 22nd June_. Please do your utmost to +post them as early as possible. + +(3) Get the information from the shops most frequented by the +wage-earning classes. Prices representing the kind, quality, etc., on +which these classes spend most money are the prices required. + +(4) Please note the quantity for which the prices of each commodity are +to be quoted. + +(5) All prices on Forms B 2 and B 3 should be quoted in pence (but +correct to farthings)--thus Sugar 5-3/4d. per lb. + +(6) Give actual prices. If you cannot get them leave blanks; do not give +estimates or averages. For prices for the dates prior to June, 1922, get +the Shopkeepers to look up their books. + +(7) All prices should be cash prices at the shop (_not delivered_) they +should represent the majority of sales and they should be checked by +inquiry from more than one source. + +(8) (_a_) Get prices in all cases from Shopkeepers, giving on each Form +the names and full postal addresses of those who supplied the +information for that Form. + +(_b_) Give exact descriptions of beef, mutton, etc., where you are asked +to do this on the Form. + +(9) Give on the space provided on each Form any explanations or +observations which you think would be helpful. + +=Form B 2.= + +RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES + + in ________________ of __________________________________ + (_Parish_) (_City, Town or District_). + + [_Prices to be correct to the nearest farthing._] + -----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+-------+----- + | |Mid | | | | + | |Mid- |Mid- | | |Mid- + | |Mar.,|June,| | |June, + Commodity. |Per |1922.|1922.| Commodity.[B] |Per |1922. + -----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+-------+----- + | |_d._ |_d._ | | |_d._ + Butter, Irish Factory |lb. | | |Pork Chops |lb. | + Cheese, Golden Spray[A]|lb. | | |Pork Sausages |lb. | + Condensed Milk, Irish |1 lb.| | |Lard |lb. | + full Cream. | tin| | | | | + Condensed Milk, |1 lb.| | | | | + Nestle's | tin| | |Butter, Irish Creamery |lb. | + Rice, Rangoon |lb. | | |Butter, Irish Farmer's |lb. | + Rice, Java |lb. | | |Margarine, First Grade |lb. | + Jam, Strawberry |lb. | | |Margarine, Second |lb. | + | | | | Grade. | | + Fresh Pork, Shoulders |lb. | | |Eggs, First Grade |doz. | + Fish--Red Herrings |doz. | | |Milk, Fresh |Quart | + Fish--Fresh Herrings |doz. | | |Bread |2 lb. | + | | | | | loaf | + Fish--Cod Steak |lb. | | |Flour, Household |14 lbs.| + Tea (quality most used |lb. | | |Oatmeal |14 lbs.| + by working classes). | | | | | | + Cabbage |head | | |Potatoes, Old |14 lbs.| + =============================| | | | | + |July,| | | | | + |1914.| | | | | + Soap, Household (bar) | | | |Sugar, white granulated|lb. | + per lb.| | | | | | + | | | |Tea, Best Quality |lb. | + Candles per lb.| | | | | | + | | | |Tea, Cheapest Quality |lb. | + Paraffin Oil per gal.| | | |================================ + | | | | OBSERVATIONS. + Coal per 112 lbs.| | | | + | | | | + Turf[A] per 112 lbs.| | | | + | | | | + Gas for lighting[A] per| | | | + | | | | + Gas for cooking, per| | | | + &c.[A] | | | | + Electricity for per| | | | + lighting[A] | | | | + Electricity for per| | | | + cooking, &c.[A] | | | | + ========================================================================== + [A: SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.--(_a_) _Cheese_, _Golden Spray._--If this kind + of Cheese is not sold, strike out last two words, insert kind most + usually sold to working classes, and give prices. (_b_) _Turf._--Note, + price is asked for per 112 lbs. State on back of this form how it is + sold in your Parish, and give number of sods, creels, etc., to the 112 + lbs. (_c_) _Gas and Electricity._--Insert the quantity which you are + pricing, and state any "observations" (on the front or back of this + form) which will help in compiling uniform quotations for the different + parts of Ireland.] + + [B: NOTE.--Prices for Mid-June, 1922, only are required for these + particular commodities.] + + _Date_ ______________ (_Signature_) ____________________________ + + =Form B 2=--CONTINUED. + + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------------ + |Name and full postal address| + COMMODITY. | of Shopkeeper or Firm from| OBSERVATIONS. + | whom the information was | + | obtained. | + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------------ + (1) Butter | | + (2) Cheese | | + (3) Condensed Milk| | + (4) Margarine | | + (5) Lard | | + (6) Sausages | | + (7) Fresh Pork | | + (8) Tea | | + (9) Sugar | | + (10) Jam | | + (11) Rice | | + (12) Oatmeal | | + (13) Flour | | + (14) Bread | | + (15) Eggs | | + (16) Milk, fresh | | + (17) Potatoes | | + (18) Cabbage | | + (19) Fish | | + (20) Soap | | + (21) Candles | | + (22) Oil | | + (23) Coal | | + (24) Turf | | + (25) Gas | | + (26) Electricity | | + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------ + + +Form B 3. + +RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES + + in _________________________ of ________________________ + (Parish). (City, Town or District). + ------------------------------------+----------------------------------- + PRICES. | ESTIMATED WEIGHTS. + | + Insert under _Beef_ the exact |On each blank line below insert the + description (e.g., "round steak," |same description as you have + "stewing beef," "rib steak," "corned|already inserted on the same line + brisket," "shoulder," "liver," etc.,|in the lefthand column, then insert + or whatever is the exact |below the best estimates of + description) of each of the six |comparative weights which you can + parts, kinds, etc., on which the |get from the shopkeeper. + _working classes_ at present spend | + most _money_, naming the parts in |That is to say, for every 10 _lbs._ + the order of their importance from |of that part, kind, cut, etc., on + this point of view. Please insert |which the working classes spend + prices opposite each description. |most _money_, insert below the + Similarly, in the case of _Mutton_ |approximate _weight_ of each of the + insert the exact description of the |other descriptions (2), (3), etc., + four parts, kinds, etc., in the |purchased by the working classes. + order of their money importance to | + the working classes, entering the | + exact price opposite each. Again, | + under _Bacon, etc._, insert the | + exact description (e.g., "Irish | + shoulder rashers," "Irish bacon, | + back piece," "American bacon, | + shoulder piece," "Pigs' heads," | + "American Gams," etc., or whatever | + is the exact description) of each of| + the six parts, kinds, cuts, etc., of| + cured pigs on which the _working | + classes_ at present spend most | + _money_, naming the parts in order | + of their importance from this point | + of view. Enter the exact prices | + opposite each description. | + | + Do not estimate prices. As regards | + Mid-March, shopkeeper's books should| + be referred to in each case. | + + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | Mid- | Mid- | | + | March, | June, | | + BEEF, per lb. | 1922. | 1922. | BEEF. | Weights. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (5) | | |(5) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (6) | | |(6) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + MUTTON, per lb. | | | MUTTON. | + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + BACON, &c., | | | | + per lb. | | | BACON, etc. | + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (5) | | |(5) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (6) | | |(6) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + +The working-class families in this district spend about _____ shillings +on Mutton for every 10 shillings spent on Beef. + +For every 10s. which the working classes spend on butchers' meat (beef +and mutton) how much do they spend on bacon and other pig-meat (including +sausages)? ____________ + + Signature ____________________________ Date ____ June, 1922. + + +_Source of Information_ + + +_Observations_ + + +Form B 4. + +CLOTHING OF WAGE-EARNING CLASSES. + +RETAIL PRICES IN ___________________________ + +The prices for 1914 must refer to exactly the same type and quality of +articles as for 1922, which must be of a description in general demand +amongst wage-earning classes in 1922. In all cases of clothing it is the +ready-made article that should be priced, except as regards men's suits, +men's trousers and men's overcoats, for which two sets of prices, (1) +ready-made, (2) tailor-made, should be given. + + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + | State Material and | | July,| Mar.,|June, + Articles. | exact Description. | -- | 1914.| 1922.|1922. + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + | | | s. d.| s. d.|s. d. + (A). Men's. | | | | | + Suits (1) | | each | | | + Suits (2) | | each | | | + Trousers (1) | | pair | | | + Trousers (2) | | pair | | | + Overcoats (1) | | each | | | + Overcoats (2) | | each | | | + Singlets | | each | | | + Drawers | | pair | | | + Shirts | | each | | | + Socks | | pair | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (B). Boys aged | | | | | + about 12. | | | | | + Suits | | each | | | + Overcoats | | each | | | + Shirts | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (C). Women's. | | | | | + Light Coats | | each | | | + Heavy Coats | | each | | | + Costumes | | each | | | + Blouses | | each | | | + Skirts | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Combinations | | pair | | | + Corsets | | each | | | + Underskirts | | each | | | + Chemises | | each | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (D). Girls aged | | | | | + about 12. | | | | | + Coats | | each | | | + Dresses | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Combinations | | pair | | | + Stays | | each | | | + Petticoats | | each | | | + Chemises | | each | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (E).--MATERIALS purchased by Wage-earning Classes (same kind and quality + at each date). + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + | | | July,| Mar.,| June, + Materials. | Exact Description, Width, &c. | Per | 1914.| 1922.| 1922. + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + | | | s. d.| s. d.| s. d. + Woollen Yarn | | lb. | | | + Calico | | yard| | | + Cotton | | yard| | | + Flannel | | yard| | | + Flannelette | | yard| | | + Serge | | yard| | | + Tweed | | yard| | | + Print | | yard| | | + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + +(F).--Names and full postal addresses of shopkeepers, firms, &c., from whom +information on this Form B. 4 was obtained. + + +(G).--Observations. + + +_Signature_ _______________________________ + +_Date_ ______________________ + +_This Form should be returned by the day of June_, 1922. Form B 5. + +REPRESENTATIVE RENTS PAID BY WAGE-EARNING CLASSES IN + +I.--WHOLE HOUSE OCCUPIED BY ONE FAMILY. + +I.--The houses referred to below should be representative of +wage-earning class dwellings in as many different districts as possible. +Houses owned by the Local Authority should be indicated by an asterisk +placed after the postal number; such houses should only form their due +proportion of the number mentioned below since the Return is required to +show the true average change in rents in all wage-earning class houses. +_Rents of actual houses should be given: different rents are not to be +averaged_. + + ---------------+---------+------+-----------------------+ + | |No. | Annual Rent[B] | + | |of | (including rates) | + |Postal[A]|rooms | of each house. | + Name of Street.| No. or |in |-------+-------+-------+ + | Nos. of |each | July, | Mar., | June, | + | houses. |house.| 1914. | 1922. | 1922. | + ---------------+---------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + | | | L | s.| L | s.| L | s.| + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + ---------------+---------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + +Continuation of above table + --------------+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------- + | | | + | | Annual Rates | P.L. Valuation + |Postal[A]| on each house. | of each house. + Name of Street| No. or |--------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------- + | Nos. of | July, | Mar., | June, | July, | Mar., | June, + | houses. | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. + --------------+---------+--+--+--+--+--|--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+--- + | | L|s.|L |s.| L|s.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + --------------+---------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+--- +[A. Owned by the Local Authority.] + +[B. It is the ANNUAL rent that should be entered; accordingly +weekly, monthly or quarterly rents at the above dates should be +multiplied by 52, 12, or 4 respectively, and the result entered.] + +Form B 5--continued. + +II.--PART ONLY OF HOUSE OCCUPIED BY FAMILY. + +II.--The houses or tenements should be in as many different districts as +possible and the particulars should be representative of wage-earning +class accommodation in those districts. _Actual rents are to be given: +different rents are not to be averaged._ + + ------+------+--------------+------------------------------------ + | | Number[A] of| Amount of Rent paid per week + Name |Postal|rooms occupied| for the rooms + of |No. of|by each family|-----------+------------+----------- + Street|house.|selected. |July, 1914.|March, 1922.|June, 1922. + ------+------+--------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----- + | | | s. | d. | s. | d. | s. | d. + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + ------+------+--------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----- + +[A: The numbers required are to represent different types of +wage-earning class accommodation and, therefore, families should +be selected occupying different numbers of rooms so as to properly +represent local conditions.] + +_Date_ __________ 1922. _Signature_ ______________________ + + +=Form B 6.=--Page 1. + +HOUSEHOLD BUDGET. + +PARTICULARS for all persons in a household at _________ Co +__________ during the seven days ended ___ June, 1922. + +(NOTE.--Particulars for _each_ person should be given, one line +being devoted to _each_). + + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + Description | | | |Earnings + (_e.g._, husband, wife,| Sex | | | for + father, son, niece, | (M) Male |Age.|Occupation.|the seven + servant, lodger, &c.).|(F) Female| | [1] | days.[2] + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + | | | | s. d. + (1) | | | | + (2) | | | | + (3) | | | | + (4) | | | | + (5) | | | | + (6) | | | | + (7) | | | | + (8) | | | | + (9) | | | | + (10) | | | | + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + [1. _e.g._, "Carpenter," "Dock |Total earnings(A)| + labourer," "domestic duties," "at| | + school," &c.] |Other receipts[E]| + [2. If there is a servant, her |-----------------|--------- + wages should not be included here]Total income (B) | + (E) Receipts of old age or other |-----------------+--------- + pensions should be included here and not in the column for + "earnings" above. Please state on the following lines + particulars of pensions or other receipts:-- + ---------------------------+---------------------------------- + Observations with regard to| SUMMARY. + particulars on this page. |---------------------------------- + | Number of Persons + | No. + |Who earned cash (A) ________ + |Who did not earn cash (A) ________ + |Total number of persons + | in the household ________ + |---------------------------------- + | s. d. + |Total _income_ (B) + | for the seven days ________ + |---------------------------------- + | Number of Persons + | No. + |Under 4 years ________ + |4 years to 13 (inclusive) ________ + |14 years and over ________ + | -------- + |Total number of persons + | in the household ________ + +=Form B 6.=--Page 2. + +QUANTITIES AND COSTS OF ARTICLES CONSUMED DURING THE SEVEN DAYS ___ +JUNE, TO ___ JUNE, 1922. + + --------------------------+------+----+--------------------------+----+---- + | Qty. |s.d.| |Qty.|s.d. + FOOD. | | | FUEL AND LIGHT. | | + (1) Beef | lb. | |(29) Coal |cwt.| + (2) Mutton | lb. | |(30) Turf |cwt.| + (3) Fresh pork | lb. | |(31) Firewood | | + (4) Sausages, black | lb. | |(32) Gas | | + puddings, &c. | | |(33) Electricity | | + (5) Bacon, pigs' heads, | lb. | |(34) Candles |lb. | + &c. | | |(35) Paraffin Oil |pts.| + --------------------------+------+----|(36) Other Fuel and Light |[3] | + | | |--------------------------+----+---- + (6) Total Meat[4] | [3] |[4] |(37) Total Fuel & Light(E)|[3] | + (7) Fresh Fish | [3] | |--------------------------+----+---- + (8) Cured or Tinned Fish | [3] | | | | + (9) Butter | lb. | | HOUSEHOLD REQUISITES. | | + (10) Cheese | lb. | |(38) Soap | | + (11) Margarine | lb. | |(39) Starch, blue, |[3] | + (12) Lard | lb. | | polishes, &c. | | + (13) Fresh Milk | pts. | |(40) Crockery, hardware, |[3] | + (14) Condensed Milk | lb. | | &c. | | + (15) Eggs | doz. | |(41) Other household |[3] | + (16) Bread | 2 lb.| | requisites. | | + |loaves| |(42) Total Household |[3] | + (17) Flour | lb. | | Requisites (F). | | + (18) Oatmeal, &c. | lb. | |--------------------------+----+---- + (19) Rice, Sago, &c. | lb. | | | | + (20) Potatoes | lb. | | SUNDRIES. | | + (21) Other Vegetables | [3] | |(43) Pipe tobacco |oz. | + (22) Tea | lb. | |(44) Cigarettes |oz. | + (23) Sugar | lb. | |(45) Medicines, Ointments,|[3] | + (24) Jam | lb. | | Ointments, &c. | | + (25) Other food | [3] | |(46) Newspapers, &c. |[3] | + (26) Meals eaten at shops,| [3] | |(47) Train and tram fares,|[3] | + &c. | | | &c. | | + --------------------------+------+----|(48) Insurances |[3] | + (27) Total Food (C) | [3] |[4] |(49) | | + --------------------------+------+----|(50) | | + |(51) | | + (28) Clothes boots and | [3] | |--------------------------+----+ + shoes (D) | | |(52) Total Sundries (G) |[3] | + --------------------------+------+----+--------------------------+----+ + +[3: Cost only is required.] + +[4: When totting be careful not to add in Meat twice over.] + +NOTE.--Food purchased for poultry, pigs, &c.; materials for making up +garments for _sale_; implements for producing goods _for sale_, &c., +should not be included above. + +_(H) RENTS (Including rates)._--What is the weekly rent (including rates) +of the house or rooms occupied by the household? ___ shillings and ___ pence. + +Does the family own the house? ________ (yes or no). If the answer is "yes," +insert the equivalent rent and rates. + +Observations on Weekly Costs and on rent:-- + +=Form B 6.=--Page 3. + +COST OF CLOTHING (INCLUDING BOOTS AND SHOES) FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS, +JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, INCLUSIVE. + +As it is exceptionally difficult to obtain representative costs of +clothing, you are earnestly requested to help the Government by going to +the greatest pains to give below the most accurate figures you possibly +can for the cost of the clothing (including boots and shoes) used up by +the household during the twelve months, July, 1921, to June, 1922, +inclusive. Costs of materials purchased for clothing (_e.g._, cotton for +children's dresses) should be included, any costs of making-up should be +added. Material purchased for making up articles for _sale_ should not +be entered. COSTS FOR REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS OF CLOTHING +(including boots and shoes) should be included. FOR ARTICLES WHICH +USUALLY LAST MORE THAN TWELVE MONTHS include below only the +proportionate cost for the twelve months. For instance, if an overcoat +is usually bought only once in _three_ years, enter below only +_one-third_ of the price; even if the overcoat was purchased eighteen +months ago, one-third of the cost should still be stated below. If the +exact amount of money spent during the twelve months on, for instance, +boys' stockings, cannot be remembered, but if it is known that a pair +lasts about _four months_, then include below _three times_ the price of +the last pair. The lists below are intended for your convenience; some +of the articles may not have been used, others more important than some +mentioned may have to be included with minor expenditure under "Other +Clothing." + + -----------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ + For Women. |For Girls over 6.| For Men. | For Boys over 6. + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + | | | | | | | + |L s.| |L s.| |L s.| |L s. + | | | | | | | + Coats | |Coats | |Overcoats | |Overcoats | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Hats | |Hats | |Suits | |Suits | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Costumes | |Dresses | |Hats | |Caps | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Blouses, &c.| |Stockings | |Singlets | |Shirts | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Skirts | |Combinations | |Drawers | |Stockings | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Stockings | |Stays | |Shirts | |Boots & Shoes| + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Combinations| |Petticoats | |Socks | |Other | + | | | | | |Clothing | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Corsets | |Chemises | |Boots & Shoes| | Total | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Underskirts | |Boots & Shoes| |Other | | Per Boy | + | | | |Clothing | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Chemises | |Other | | | |For children | + | |Clothing | | | | under 6. | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Boots & | | | | | | |L s. + Shoes | | | | | |Total | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----|childen's | + Other | | | | | |clothes, | + clothing | | | | | |boots, &c. | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Total of | |Total of | |Total of | |Per Child | + above | |above | |above | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Per Woman | |Per Girl | |Per Man | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + (I.) Total cost of Clothing, Boots and Shoes, for the whole household for + 12 months, L : : + +OBSERVATIONS on costs of clothing (including Boots and +Shoes):-- + +Form B 6.--Page 4. + +COST OF FUEL AND LIGHT FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS, JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, +inclusive. + +As the cost of fuel and light is so different in winter and summer, will +you please state below, as accurately as possible, the expenditure on +fuel and light by the household during the past twelve months, and the +corresponding quantities of the items consumed. + + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + |Quantity.|L s.| |Quantity.|L s. + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Coal | tons. | |Electricity for | | + | | | lighting | | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Turf | tons. | |Electricity for | | + | | | cooking, &c. | | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Firewood | | |Candles | lb.| + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Gas for lighting | | |Paraffin Oil | galls.| + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Gas for cooking, &c.| | |Other fuel and light| | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + +(J). Total expenditure on Fuel and Light for the twelve months ___L + +Observations on fuel and light:-- + +General Observations:-- + +The figures and observations inserted on these four pages are reliable +to the best of my knowledge and belief. + + + Signature of Teacher or Assistant______________Rank_____________ + + Address of School_______________________________________________ + + Date_____________1922. + +Form B 7. + +INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEALING WITH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET FORM B 6. + +1. Select the household with one or more wage-earners for which you can +give the most reliable particulars. You can choose any type of household +you think fit, it does not matter whether it be a household even of +twenty or even of one, whether comfortably off or poorly off, with many +children or with few or no children, with several wage-earners or with +only one, with no men, with no women, with a visitor, with a servant, +etc., provided the household chosen is one of the wage-earning class. +This will ensure that taking the country as a whole the budgets will +represent every day conditions and avoid anything exceptional. + +2. If you select a household with a plot or garden in which food is +produced, or one with fowl or pigs, etc., a note to this effect should +be made under "Observations." + +3. Make no statement which would identify the household for which you +send an account; as a further precaution the individual returns will be +treated as strictly confidential--your figures will be used only in +totting them with figures in a large number of other budgets in order to +arrive at averages, etc. + +4. If you live with a wage earner and give the budget of your own house, +do not state that the household is your own, but you will of course +place the word "teacher" on one line in the occupation column of the +first table (a teacher is not necessarily a national school teacher; in +any case the budget will be treated as strictly confidential). + +5. If you can get accurate particulars for the days of the current week, +do so. If not, would you ask the householder to keep an account for the +seven days immediately following the receipt of this communication. Post +your budget so as to reach here by the 30th June, at latest. Spend all +the time you can spare to get the particulars as accurate as possible. + +6. Under "Observations" on each page give any remarks that may be +helpful, especially explanations of unusually large or small figures. +The budgets will be closely scrutinised. + +7. Do not stamp the envelope; it will come post free. + +PAGE 1. + +8. Give a line to each individual in the household from the oldest to +the youngest. In the summary table include as earners any who earn even +a few shillings. In case short time or only a few hours were worked this +should be stated under "Observations." + +PAGE 2. + +9. Get the quantity and cost of the items _consumed_ in the week. In +most cases it will be accurate enough to state _purchases_ during the +week, but where there has been an unusually large purchase of food, +etc., to last more than one week (or an unusually small purchase owing +to a large quantity being in hand at the beginning of the week) give the +quantity and cost of the week's consumption. You are, however, +definitely instructed to state the _purchases_ during the week of such +articles as "clothing, boots and shoes," "crockery, hardware," etc., and +of all such goods which are intended to last more than one week. If any +article (e.g., a suit of clothes, etc.) is purchased on an easy payment +system give the total cost--not the amount of the instalment. It is +anticipated that a small number of budgets will contain abnormally large +figures for "clothing, boots and shoes," etc., and in such cases +particulars should be given under the "Observations." + +Loads, creels, etc., of turf should be converted to the equivalent +weight. + +RENT.--The figure required is to include rates. If the +household owns the house, this should be stated and the equivalent rent +(including rates) should be given. If the household do not occupy a +whole house, this should be stated. + +10. You will observe that the week's expenditure will not necessarily be +the same as the week's income. + +PAGES 3 AND 4 + +11. The difficulty of giving as accurate figures on pages 3 and 4 as on +pages 1 and 2 is recognised, but you are earnestly requested to do the +very best you can to give reliable figures. Under "Observations" on the +last page give an indication of the degree of accuracy of your figures. + +12. Do not send a budget at all unless you are satisfied that the +figures are reliable on the whole. + + + + + PRINTED BY A. THOM & CO., LTD., DUBLIN. + 16459. 750. 9. 1922. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, by +Ministry of Economic Affairs + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + +***** This file should be named 37666.txt or 37666.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/6/6/37666/ + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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