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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/37666-8.txt b/37666-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1566368 --- /dev/null +++ b/37666-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2410 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, by +Ministry of Economic Affairs + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland + June 1922 + +Author: Ministry of Economic Affairs + +Release Date: October 8, 2011 [EBook #37666] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + + + + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | Text in Gaelic Script marked +like so+. | + | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + _FOR OFFICIAL USE._ + + + RIALTAS SEALADACH NA HÉIREANN. + + MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS. + + + + + REPORT + + ON THE + + COST OF LIVING + + IN + + IRELAND + + JUNE, 1922. + + + + +DUBLIN: +PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATIONERY OFFICE. + + +To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from +EASON & SON, LTD., 40 AND 41 LOWER SACKVILLE STREET, DUBLIN. + + +1922. + +_Price One Shilling._ + + + + +PREFACE. + + +It having been represented to the Provisional Government that it was +desirable to calculate an official figure indicating in respect of +Ireland the change in the cost of living at the present time as compared +with the cost of living in 1914, the Provisional Government appointed +for the purpose on 10th June, 1922, a Committee comprising +representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture, Finance, Economic +Affairs and Labour. The Committee reported on the 4th August, 1922, and +the result of its enquiries, together with the Committee's detailed +explanation of the procedure adopted, are appended hereto. + +The conclusions set out in the report represent the closest +approximation which is practicable to the average increases in the cost +of maintaining, in particular months of the current year as compared +with July, 1914, the same standard of living for a family dependent on +wage earnings in places with 500 or more inhabitants. The inquiry +applied to the whole of Ireland, and its basis is therefore broad enough +to be reasonably dependable for any practical purpose to which a +calculation as to changes in the cost of living can usefully be applied. + +It is proposed to arrange for the calculation at intervals of three +months of a cost of living figure on the same basis as that adopted by +the Committee for the purpose of this report. September will be the next +month for which a figure will be determined. + +It is to be observed that the information collected in the course of +this inquiry has incidentally revealed relations between the wholesale +and the retail prices of several important commodities and between the +prices of the same commodity in similar localities which require +explanation. This matter is being further examined with a view to +determining whether any undue advantage is being taken of the general +body of consumers, and, if that be the case, to the adoption of +appropriate remedies. + +MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, +_23rd August, 1922_. + + + + +THE COST OF LIVING + +IN + +IRELAND. + + +REPORT + +_To the Chairman, Provisional Government, Ireland._ + + +By minute dated the 10th June last we were appointed by the Government +to determine the cost of living in Ireland for the months of March and +June, 1922, as compared with the cost of living in July, 1914, on such a +basis as would show the average increase in the cost of maintaining the +same standard of living for a family dependent on wage earnings. We were +asked to complete our calculations not later than July 15th, if +possible, but owing to the fact that a considerable proportion of our +staff were unable to reach our offices during the recent troubles in +Dublin we were given until the 25th to complete our work. The following +letter was sent to the Head of the Government on the 26th July:-- + + "A Chara,--The Report of the Cost of Living Committee is not yet + finally drafted, but the main lines of it have been agreed upon. We + think, therefore, that we ought to acquaint you at once that our + investigations show that the percentage increase in the Cost of + Living of Wage Earning Classes in Ireland between July, 1914, and + June, 1922, is 85.2 per cent. and the increase between July, 1914 + and March, 1922, is 91.4 per cent. + + "Sinne, le meas mor," + +The following Report, while bringing out the points essential to a +purely Irish cost of living inquiry, can hardly be regarded as +exhaustive, in view of the mass of figures collected which could be +examined from many different points of view. Had we been able to spend a +longer time in digesting these figures we should not have arrived at any +different final result as regards the Irish cost of living figure; but +we think that many interesting and important facts might be brought out +by a further analysis of the figures which we have not had time to +undertake, and we suggest, therefore, that the Government should request +the Ministry of Economic Affairs to investigate more thoroughly, from +the point of view of their general economic significance, the figures +collected and compiled. + + +Method of Compiling Cost of Living Figures. + +In every country in which cost of living figures have been obtained the +same method, as far as broad lines are concerned, has been followed. The +method adopted is to ascertain the average retail prices for a number of +representative commodities for the dates to be compared and then to +combine these retail prices in a single figure representing the change +in retail prices as a whole. This combination is not effected by a plain +average, but the individual price changes are "weighted" according to a +comparison of the amounts spent on each of the commodities concerned +(_e.g._, a change in the price of a commodity such as bread, must +obviously be given more "weight" than a change in the price of such +commodities as cheese or soap) and in order to determine the proper +"weight" to attach to the retail price changes, representative family +budgets are obtained showing the details of the actual expenditure of a +large number of households. By combining these budgets it is possible to +discover the relationship between the consumption of the various items; +for instance, 12s. may be spent on meat for every 5s. 6d. spent on +butter, and so on. The retail price changes can then be "weighted" +according to the results given by the budgets and the final figure +arrived at by combining them on these lines. + + +Stages of our Inquiry. + +Our inquiry can, therefore, be divided into four main stages: + + =(A)= The collection of retail prices for July, 1914, and March and + June, 1922. + + =(B)= The collection and analysis of representative family budgets + by means of which to determine the "weighting" of the retail price + changes. + + =(C)= The combination of the retail price changes by means of the + "weights" so obtained into one final figure. + + =(D)= The results of applying different methods of "weighting." + + +(A) Collection of Retail Prices. + +We found that as regards articles of food much of the information we +required had already been collected by the Ministry of Economic Affairs +who had obtained returns for July, 1914, and March, 1922, from 420 +sources in towns of 500 persons and upwards; and also that retail prices +of a certain number of articles of food had been collected in 1914, in +Ireland by the Labour Statistics Branch of the Board of Trade. + +Our first task was, therefore, to collect returns of the retail prices +in June, 1922, of all the commodities selected, and of the corresponding +prices in July, 1914, and March, 1922, where these were not already at +our disposal. + +Forms were accordingly drawn up on which this information could be +collected and specimens of these forms are shown in the Appendix to the +Report. + + +(1) _Food, Clothing, Fuel and Light, and Sundries._ + +These forms for food, clothing, fuel and light and sundries, were sent +out for completion through the channels used by the Ministry for +Economic Affairs in its inquiry (viz.:--officials of the Post Office, of +the Ministry of Labour, and of the Local Government Board, and in the +Six-County area through other sources), and to the same towns as in that +inquiry (viz.:--towns with populations of 500 and over). In the case of +the larger towns more than one report was asked for, graduating from two +returns to twenty returns according to their population as shown in the +Census of 1911. + +The following table summarises essential particulars regarding the +forms:-- + + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + | | Number | + | Number | of | Returns + Form. | of Forms | Towns | collected + |dealt with.|from which| by + | | received.| + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + Prices (Food) A | 450 | 250 } | + Prices (Food, Fuel and | | } |Post Office, Ministry + Light and Sundries) B 2| 436 | 220 } | of Labour, and + Prices (Meat) B 3| 434 | 227 } | Local Government + Prices (Clothing) B 4| 436 | 216 } | Board Officials. + Rents B 5| 91 | 71 |Rate Collectors and + | | | Town Clerks. + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + + +(2) _Rents._--The forms for rents were issued through the Local +Government Board, and in the Six-County area through other sources, and +filled in for the most part by Rate Collectors in the several districts +and towns in Ireland. They were asked to state the rents in July, 1914, +and in March, and June, 1922, of about 20 houses in their districts +showing the number of rooms and the Poor Law Valuation, the latter +figures enabling us to ensure that the same classes of houses of wage +earners were being compared. Enquiry was also made in connection with +the rents of tenements, and due allowance was made for this in the final +figures. The rent figures include rates in every case. + + +(3) _Compilation of prices for individual commodities._--The next step +was to calculate from these returns the average retail prices of the +individual commodities selected, and this was done as follows:-- + + * * * * * + +One set of average retail prices was compiled from the returns of the +Post Office officials, and another from those of the other officials, +and a division of the forms was made on this basis. + +The retail prices of food, etc. (on Forms A, B2 and B3), and of clothing +(Form B4) were then separately summarised in the two groups, viz.--those +received from the Post Office officials and those received from the +officials of the other Departments for July, 1914, and March and June, +1922. + + +(4) _Compilation of Rent Returns._ + +The rent returns were treated in precisely the same manner, except that +there was no division, since the returns were received through the Local +Government Board only. + +On pages 7 and 8 is the list of average retail prices so compiled:-- + + +(5) LIST OF PRICES. + +THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHEWS RETAIL PRICES IN IRISH TOWNS OF 500 INHABITANTS + AND UPWARDS; AS AVERAGED FROM RETURNS COLLECTED BY OFFICERS OF THE POST + OFFICE, MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. + + -----------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------------- + | Mid July, | Mid March, | Mid June, + | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. + -----------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------------- + | | M.L.| | M.L.| | M.L. + | P.O.| and | P.O.| and | P.O. | and + | | L.G.| | L.G.| | L.G. + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + FOOD. per| d. | d. | d. | d. | d. | d. + Beef lb.| 8·0| 7·8| 13·5| 13·4| 13·4| 13·2 + Mutton lb.| 8·6| 8·3| 16·0| 15·5| 16·0| 15·5 + Pork Chops lb.| 8·9| 9·2| 17·5| 17·7| 20·1| 20·0 + Pork Sausages lb.| 8·7| 8·6| 16·8| 16·4| 16·3| 16·1 + Bacon lb.| 9·2| 9·5| 19·7| 17·9| 20·7| 19·0 + Butter, Irish Creamery lb.| 13·9| 12·8| 23·9| 22·3| 23·2| 22·6 + Butter, Irish Farmers lb.| 12·6| 10·6| 24·4| 20·0| 19·9| 18·9 + Cheese lb.| 9·8| 9·8| 17·8| 17·0| 17·4| 16·8 + Margarine, 1st grade lb.| 7·6| 7·7| 11·7| 12·1| 11·8| 11·2 + Margarine, 2nd grade lb.| 6·2| 6·1| 9·1| 9·6| 8·8| 8·4 + Lard lb.| 7·1| 7·3| 13·6| 11·5| 12·0| 11·6 + Milk, Fresh quart| 2·5| 2·6| 6·8| 6·4| 5·4| 4·9 + Condensed Milk, Irish lb. tin| 6·8| 5·6| 13·1| 12·8| 11·9| 11·6 + Condensed Milk, | | | | | | + Imported lb. tin| 7·2| 6·2| 13·8| 13·4| 12·8| 11·8 + Eggs, 1st Grade dozen| 9·6| 11·2| 19·5| 19·2| 19·0| 17·3 + Bread 2 lb. loaf| 3·2| 3·0| 5·8| 5·6| 5·6| 5·6 + Flour, household 14 lb.| 19·8| 22·1| 36·6| 33·3| 35·7| 35·8 + Oatmeal 14 lb.| 21·1| 23·7| 38·1| 41·6| 41·1| 41·3 + Rice lb.| 2·8| 2·7| 5·8| 5·6| 5·5| 5·4 + Potatoes, old 14 lb.| 5·5| 7·3| 12·8| 13·7| 16·6| 16·5 + Tea, Best lb.| 30·3| 30·5| 44·2| 45·4| 42·6| 42·7 + Tea, Cheapest lb.| 18·1| 18·3| 31·4| 29·1| 27·1| 26·4 + Sugar, white | | | | | | + granulated lb.| 2·2| 2·1| 5·9| 5·8| 5·9| 6·0 + Jam lb.| 6·6| 6·7| 16·2| 16·3| 15·4| 15·5 + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + CLOTHING. | | | | | | + | | | | | | + WOMEN'S. | s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d. + | | | | | | + Light Coats | 8 10|25 7| 53 0| 47 0| 51 8| 46 0 + Heavy Coats |30 10|31 7| 58 2| 57 11| 56 5| 56 4 + Costumes |44 2|41 7| 79 9| 77 11| 77 7| 76 4 + Blouses | 5 3| 4 8| 10 3| 9 5| 9 9| 9 1 + Skirts | 8 1| 5 10| 14 7| 11 2| 13 7| 10 10 + Stockings | 1 4| 1 5| 3 0| 2 9| 2 9| 2 8 + Combinations | 5 8| 5 0| 11 1| 10 0| 10 8| 9 9 + Corsets | 4 2| 3 8| 8 2| 6 10| 7 10| 6 8 + Underskirts | 4 1| 3 2| 7 8| 5 10| 7 4| 5 9 + Chemises | 2 5| 2 5| 4 10| 4 6| 4 9| 4 4 + Boots |11 2| 8 7| 22 9| 16 0| 21 11| 15 9 + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + GIRLS (OVER 6). | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Coats |14 1|11 8| 25 9| 21 0| 25 1| 20 9 + Dresses |13 11| 9 7| 27 3| 17 7| 26 3| 17 3 + Stockings | 1 4| 1 2| 2 8| 2 2| 2 5| 2 1 + Combinations | 4 5| 3 10| 8 0| 6 9| 7 9| 6 8 + Stays | 2 9| 2 5| 5 10| 4 9| 5 6| 4 8 + Petticoats | 2 7| 2 2| 4 11| 4 1| 4 8| 4 0 + Chemises | 2 1| 1 11| 3 9| 3 3| 3 7| 3 2 + Boots | 8 4| 7 9| 16 6| 14 2| 15 10| 14 0 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + MEN'S. | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Overcoats (Readymade) |34 3|33 7| 69 1| 64 3| 66 5| 63 4 + Overcoats (Tailormade) |53 6|48 10|100 11| 93 3| 98 7| 91 8 + Suits (Readymade) |31 5|35 0| 67 9| 70 0| 66 2| 68 6 + Suits (Tailormade) |58 10|54 5|119 6|113 10|116 4|112 7 + Trousers (Readymade) | 8 6| 8 1| 17 0| 15 5| 16 6| 15 0 + Trousers (Tailormade) |15 7|13 9| 32 2| 29 8| 31 7| 29 0 + Singlets | 3 6| 2 8| 7 5| 5 2| 7 0| 5 0 + Drawers | 3 9| 2 10| 7 7| 5 3| 7 2| 5 2 + Shirts | 3 8| 3 1| 7 2| 6 5| 6 11| 6 4 + Socks | 1 2| 1 2| 2 5| 2 3| 2 3| 2 2 + Boots |12 5|11 11| 24 6| 23 3| 23 9| 22 9 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + BOYS (OVER 6). | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Overcoats |16 8|14 11| 33 1| 29 0| 32 1| 27 9 + Suits |15 9|15 7| 31 7| 31 1| 30 5| 30 0 + Shirts | 2 1| 2 0| 4 2| 3 9| 3 11| 3 8 + Stockings | 1 3| 1 4| 2 6| 2 7| 2 3| 2 6 + Boots | 8 9| 7 8| 16 9| 13 11| 16 0| 13 6 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + OTHER COMMODITIES. | | | | | | + | d.| d.| d.| d.| d.| d. + Coal 112 lb.| 17·4| 17·1| 38·9| 37·0| 37·2| 35·0 + Turf 112 lb.| 13·7| 11·1| 29·9| 26·2| 30·1| 25·1 + Gas for Lighting 1,000 c. ft| 50·6| 51·5| 101·9 98·9| 101·0| 98·2 + Gas for Cooking 1,000 c. ft| 49·1| 48·7| 101·7| 97·1| 101·1| 96·6 + Electricity for unit| 5·3| 5·3| 10·4| 9·7| 10·3| 9·4 + Lighting | | | | | | + Electricity for unit| 3·0| 2·4| 5·7| 5·0| 5·7| 5·0 + Cooking | | | | | | + Candles lb.| 3·5| 3·8| 7·1| 6·8| 6·5| 6·3 + Paraffin Oil gallon| 8·3| 8·9| 20·4| 19·9| 19·8| 19·9 + Soap (Household) lb.| 3·6| 3·6| 7·8| 7·3| 7·4| 6·9 + Pipe Tobacco 2 ozs.| 7·0| 7·0| 17·0| 17·0| 17·0| 17·0 + Cigarettes pkt. of 10| 3·0| 3·0| 6·0| 6·0| 6·0| 6·0 + +THE FOLLOWING TABLE shows Retail Prices in March and June, +1922, in respect of certain Commodities for which corresponding prices +in 1914 were not collected. + + ------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------- + | Mid-March, 1922.| Mid-June, 1922 + |--------+--------+--------+------ + | | M.L. | | M.L. + | P.O. | and | P.O. | and + | | L.G. | | L.G. + ------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------ + | d. | d. | d. | d. + Butter (Irish Factory) per lb. | 21·9 | 21·1 | 22·0 | 20·6 + Rice (Rangoon) per lb. | 4·1 | 4·0 | 3·9 | 3·8 + Rice (Java) per lb. | 6·1 | 5·9 | 5·9 | 5·6 + Jam (Strawberry) per lb. | 15·7 | 15·9 | 15·2 | 15·2 + Fresh Pork (Shoulders) per lb. | 16·8 | 17·2 | 17·4 | 17·4 + Fresh Herrings per lb. | 26·1 | 25·3 | 25·6 | 23·7 + Cod Steak per lb. | 14·4 | 14·7 | 13·8 | 13·8 + Tea (Quality most used by | | | | + working classes) per lb. | 36·1 | 35·0 | 33·4 | 32·1 + Cabbage per head | 3·6 | 3·7 | 3·4 | 3·1 + ------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------ + +The above prices, which were used as far as possible in conjunction with +other figures to arrive at the correct increases between July, 1914, and +March and June, 1922, in respect of commodities, less specifically +described in the returns for 1914 (_e.g._, Butter, Rice, Jam), will also +be of value in the future as an additional basis from which to calculate +the change in the cost of living. + + +NOTES ON RETAIL PRICES. + +(_a_) _Collection of Figures for 1914._ + +There are obvious difficulties in the collection of figures for 1914 +after so long a lapse of time, and the accuracy of these figures may +possibly be questioned. + +Despite the eight years' interval, however, we believe these prices to +be reasonably accurate. The compilers of the returns were asked to get +figures in every case from the actual books kept by the shopkeepers; and +the food prices collected by us are in substantial agreement with those +collected by the Board of Trade in 1914. The latter are, as a matter of +fact, slightly higher than those collected by us, so that if they were +to be used in preference to our figures the resultant percentage +increase would be slightly lower than on the figures which we have +accepted. + +(_b_) _Comparison Restricted to Strictly Comparable Articles._ + +A point to be noted is that in comparing prices at different dates it is +essential that articles of different quality should not be compared; +milk, for instance, is a simple commodity and is always comparable with +milk, but beef is a variable commodity inasmuch as sirloin beef is not +strictly comparable with shin beef; consequently special figures showing +the relative consumption and average prices of the different parts of +beef, mutton and bacon were obtained on Form B3 (see Appendix), and in +these cases the prices as returned for each description of meat are +separately weighted by the average quantities purchased in order to +arrive at the ultimate average prices for "beef," "mutton," etc. + +As regards all other articles, it will be seen from the instructions on +the forms that pains were taken to explain that prices must only be +returned for strictly comparable articles. + + +(_c_) _Accuracy of Rent Figures._ + +A point likely to give rise to criticism is the low percentage increase +shown for rent. This figure is, however, the result of comparing the +actual returns sent us by the Town Clerks and Rate Collectors, who gave +the actual name of the street and the actual number of each house, and +on the closest investigation we have no reason to doubt the accuracy of +their figures. The average weekly rents (including rates) appearing from +those returns are:-- + + Average Weekly + Rent + (including Rates). + July, 1914 4s. 0d. + March, 1922 5s. 2d. + June, 1922 5s. 2d. + + +(_d_) _Comparison of Figures received from Post Office and other +Sources._ + +It will have been noted from the Table of Retail Prices given above that +on the whole there is comparatively little difference between the sets +of figures compiled by the Post Office officials and those compiled by +the Ministry of Labour and Local Government Board officials, though the +Post Office figures tend to give a somewhat higher average increase of +prices. This is brought out by the following table of the ratios of +retail prices for the main groups of commodities for the three dates:-- + + ---------------+-----------------+------------------+----------------- + | Mid-July, 1914. | Mid-March, 1922. | Mid-June, 1922. + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------- + | A | B | A | B | A | B + Food | 52·4 | 54·6 | 104·8 | 102·8 | 100 | 100 + Clothing | 52·7 | 52·9 | 103·9 | 101·7 | 100 | 100 + Rent (C) | 78·9 | 78·9 | 100·4 | 100·4 | 100 | 100 + Fuel and Light | 46·6 | 48·1 | 104·8 | 104·4 | 100 | 100 + Sundries | 50·5 | 51·9 | 103·2 | 103·1 | 100 | 100 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------- + +The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office. + +The figures B result from the returns from other Departments. + +The figures C were obtained from only one Department--the Local +Government Board. + +(In case the meaning of this table is not at once clear, it may be +explained that the first line, for instance, means that for 100s. +expended on food by the wage-earning households in June, 1922, exactly +the same quantities and exactly the same foods could, according to the +Post Office officials' returns, be purchased in March, 1922, for +104.8s., and in July, 1914, for 52.4s. and according to the other +returns for 102.8s. and 54.6s. respectively; and so on with the other +items). + +The near agreement of these figures is a strong proof of their essential +accuracy. We ultimately decided to take the average between the two sets +of figures as representing the nearest approach to the truth at which we +could arrive. + + +(B) The Collection of Household Budgets. + +(1) _Representative Budgets._ + +The second stage of our enquiry was to obtain representative household +budgets, from which to compile the "weights" by which the individual +price changes might be combined into a single final figure. + +For this purpose a special Form was drafted (Form B6, a copy of which +appears in the Appendix) and some 5,000 of these forms were despatched +to National School teachers in every school in the country, accompanied +by detailed instructions (of which there is a copy in the Appendix) of +the method in which they were to be completed. + +Notwithstanding the difficulties of the time when these budgets were +called for, and the fact that a number of forms were held up and perhaps +lost in the post, we were able to use 308 completed budgets of +wage-earning households, received from 112 towns. This number was quite +sufficient for our purpose. These budgets were excellently filled in, +and, apart from the fact that such a number is in itself a fair +guarantee of the statistical results obtained, we are satisfied for +reasons given below of the substantial accuracy of the budgets. + +(2) _Wide Scope of Budgets._ + +The budgets received were from a very varied class of households, and as +will be seen from the following list, embraced the principal industrial +occupations. Labourers, Fishermen, Messengers, Servants, Pilots, Barmen, +Carpenters, Boatmen, Building Contractors, Motor Boat Drivers, +Plasterers, Ship Inspector, Stone Masons, Marine Engineer, Bricklayer, +Mill-hands, Yachtman, Caretakers, Tailors, Post Office Workers, +Housekeepers, Tailoresses, Gardeners, Herds, Dress-makers, Shop +Assistants, Farm Stewards, Shoemakers, Charwomen, Dairyman, Cottage +Industries, Laundresses, Egg Packer, Milliners, Washerwomen, Fowl +Plucker, Shirtmaker, Hairdresser, Wool Sorter, Spinners, Smiths, +Woodcutters, Embroidery Workers, Fitters, Sawyers, Hosiers, +Boiler-makers, Wood-turners, Stitchers, Engineers, Body-makers, +Knitters, Plumbers, Golf Caddies, Lace-makers, Machinists, Pointers, +Road Engine Drivers, Crane-driver, Paper Maker, Motor Mechanics, +Collier, Sextons, Car Drivers, Brass-finisher, Butchers, Carters, +Bakers, Dealer, Chauffeur, Millers, Electrician, Tram Driver, +Confectioner, Watchmaker, Railway Workers, Painters and Saddlers, etc. + +(3) _Compilation of Budgets._ + +Two methods of compiling the budgets were followed:--A simple addition +was made of the particulars of the expenditure on each item separately +recorded on each of the budgets. These particulars consisted of the +expenditure on food, sundries, and rent for one week in June, 1922; the +particulars of yearly expenditure on items of clothing, fuel and light +were reduced to a weekly average by dividing by 52, before adding. The +resulting totals gave the present average weekly expenditure on each +article, and consequently the _proportion_ which the expenditure on each +article bears to the total expenditure of the average wage-earning +household. + +A more complex method of compilation was also adopted which should lead +to an even more accurate result. + +It was found by analysis of the Census figures that the proportion of +children under 14 to adults (persons over 14) is approximately as 2 to +5, and an adjustment was made to bring the budgets into conformity with +this proportion in order that they might truly represent the actual +proportions of the population of the country, the assumption being that +the percentage rise in the price of articles mainly consumed by children +might be higher or lower than the rise in the prices of articles mainly +consumed by persons over 14. + +The budgets were accordingly classified into three groups, viz.:--"S" or +simple households, consisting of not more than two persons over 14 +years, and with one or more children under 14 years; "C" or complex +households, consisting of more than two persons over 14 years, and with +one or more children under 14 years; and "A" or adult households, in +which there were not any persons under 14 years. + +It was necessary to multiply the "A" group by 3, in order to bring the +proportionate number of adults and children in the budgets with which we +were dealing into conformity with the national proportion (5 to 2). The +figures for the three groups having been totalled separately, those +obtained for the "A" group were weighted accordingly. + +It was found, however, that the difference between the "weights" +obtained by the first and by the second methods were so small as to be +quite negligible, as is shown by the following tables:-- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES FROM JULY, 1914, TO MARCH, 1922, AS SHOWN BY +THE APPLICATION OF POST OFFICE PRICES.[A] + + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + | | | | Fuel | | Total + Budget | Food. | Clothing. | Rent. | and | Sundries. | for all + Grouping. | | | | Light. | | Items. + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + S+C+A | 99.8 | 97.1 | 27.3 | 120.6 | 104.2 | 95.5 + S+C+3A | 99.9 | 97.3 | 27.3 | 124.9 | 104.1 | 95.7 + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES FROM JULY, 1914, TO MARCH, 1922, AS SHOWN BY THE +APPLICATION OF MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT +PRICES. + + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- + | | | | Fuel | | Total + Budget | Food. | Clothing. | Rent.[A] | and | Sundries. | for all + Grouping. | | | | Light. | | Items. + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- + S+C+A | 88.2 | 91.4 | 27.3 | 116.8 | 97.0 | 86.9 + S+C+3A | 88.3 | 92.0 | 27.3 | 117.2 | 96.9 | 87.0 + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- +[A: Figures obtained for Local Government Board only.] + +It may be mentioned here that if weights are obtained for the "S" group +of households only, _i.e._, for an average of two adults, and 3.5 +children, the final increase in the cost of living figures would be 91.2 +for March, 1922, and 84.6 for June, 1922, _i.e._, practically identical +with the figures obtained by "weighting" in accordance with all the +budgets. + +(4) _Table of Weights._ + +The following Table shows the actual Irish "weights," representing the +proportionate expenditure by the average wage-earning household on the +various commodities, as compiled from the budgets received. + +The actual Irish weights or proportions of expenditure on each item are +as follow:-- + + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Total expenditure 100 | Food 57.05 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Beef 5.18 | Flour 3.70 + Mutton 2.94 | Oatmeal, etc .97 + Fresh Pork .63 | Rice, Sago, etc. .45 + Sausages, Black Puddings, etc. .82 | Potatoes 3.16 + Bacon, Pigs' Heads, etc. 5.23 | Other Vegetables 1.33 + Fresh Fish .61 | Tea 3.80 + Cured or Tinned Fish .16 | Sugar 3.24 + Butter 6.91 | Jam 1.12 + Cheese .26 | Other Food .95 + Margarine .18 | Meals eaten at Shops, + Lard .25 | Hotels, etc. .70 + Fresh Milk 4.56 | + Condensed Milk .09 | + Eggs 3.44 | Total Food 57.05 + Bread 6.37 | + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + CLOTHING 17.48 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + _Women's_:-- _Girl's_ (over 6):-- + Coats .69 | + Hats .37 | Coats .50 + Costumes 1.09 | Hats .23 + Blouses, etc. .39 | Dresses .69 + Skirts .21 | Stockings .20 + Stockings .24 | Combinations .13 + Combinations .15 | Stays .11 + Corsets .19 | Petticoats .15 + Underskirts .18 | Chemises .13 + Chemises .19 | Boots and Shoes .71 + Boots and Shoes .92 | Other Clothing .19 + Other Clothing .27 | + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + _Men's_:-- _Boy's_ (over 6):-- + Overcoats .83 | Overcoats .27 + Suits 2.60 | Suits .83 + Hats .38 | Caps .07 + Singlets .30 | Shirts .17 + Drawers .30 | Stockings .12 + Shirts .55 | Boots and Shoes .56 + Socks .32 | Other Clothing .13 + Boots and Shoes 1.33 | + Other Clothing .34 | _Children_ (under 6):-- + | Clothes, Boots, etc. .45 + | + | Total Clothing 17.48 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Rent 5.41 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Fuel and Light 7.04 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Coal 3.14 | Electricity for Cooking -- + Turf 1.79 | Candles .33 + Firewood .34 | Paraffin Oil .67 + Gas for Lighting .40 | Other Fuel and Light .05 + Gas for Cooking, etc. .29 | + Electricity for lighting .03 | Total Fuel and Light 7.04 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Sundries 13.02 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Soap 1.12 | Other Sundries 8.41 + Pipe Tobacco 2.11 | + Cigarettes 1.38 | Total Sundries 13.02 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Total Expenditure 100.0 + +NOTES ON THE BUDGETS. + +(a) _Reliability of Budgets. Tests._ + +As a test of the reliability of the budget returns several sets were +taken at random and were arranged in two groups having a common factor +of approximately equal numbers of persons and equal total income. It was +found on addition that the proportion of total expenditure spent on each +description of food, clothing, etc., was approximately the same in each +family and income group. Thus we treated the first 30 budgets from +households with small and large incomes in this manner, dividing them so +that each lot of 15 would have about the same number of persons and the +same income. The selection was made without any reference whatever to +expenditure, and the following were the results:-- + +PERCENTAGE EXPENDITURE. + + 1st Lot 2nd Lot + of 15. of 15. + Food 54.3 53.2 + Clothing 20.9 20.3 + Rent 6.6 6.7 + Fuel and Light 6.7 6.7 + Sundries 11.5 13.1 + +NUMBERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD. + + Under 4 8 3 + 4 to 13 30 31 + 14 and over 57 59 + -- -- + Total, 95 93 + + Total Weekly Incomes 1597s. 1543s. + +_The Household Budgets in the "S" Group were separately tested and the +following results were obtained:--_ + + ------------------------------+------------------------------------- + | INCOME OF HOUSEHOLD. + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Proportion of Expenditure | Under | £3 | £4 | £5 | £6 + under each of the following | £3 | | | | upwards + sub-divisions:-- | | | | | + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Food | 61·1 | 60·4 | 56·3 | 48·0 | 41·4 + Clothing | 15·7 | 13·7 | 19·3 | 19·4 | 17·7 + Rent | 5·3 | 6·6 | 5·0 | 8·8 | 12·4 + Fuel and Light | 8·7 | 7·6 | 7·3 | 8·1 | 9·0 + Sundries | 9·2 | 11·7 | 12·1 | 15·7 | 19·5 + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 + | | | | | + ------------------------------+-------+------+------+------+-------- + +This test showed that the budgets we used conformed with common +experience, and is, therefore, evidence of their reliability. + + +(_b_) _Comparison of English and Irish Weights._ + +The weights used in England in compiling the British index figure were +compiled from budgets collected as long ago as 1904. These show a +pre-war standard of living and the final index figure shows the +percentage increase in expenditure necessary to maintain that precise +standard of living absolutely unchanged at the present day. + +We were not in possession of any Irish figures by which the pre-war +standard of living could be accurately measured, and it was accordingly +necessary for us to obtain budgets showing the present standard of +living. Our final index figure therefore shows the percentage increase +in expenditure which would have been necessary to maintain the present +standard of living absolutely unchanged from July, 1914, to the present +day. + +It has been seen that according to the figures compiled by us, 57.1s. +out of every 100s. is spent on food in Irish wage-earning class +households; 17.5s. on clothing, and so on, and it is of interest to +compare these "weights" with the corresponding figures calculated by +the English Ministry of Labour from the "United Kingdom" Budgets of +1904, which relate to the pre-war "United Kingdom" Standard of Living +and which are still in use in England. + +The following table shows the proportion of each 100s. spent by +Wage-Earning Class Households which is spent on (1) Food, (2) Clothing, +(3) Rent, (4) Fuel and Light, and (5) Sundries:-- + + ----------------------------------------------+----------------------- + | IN IRELAND. | IN "UNITED KINGDOM." + +--------------------------+----------------------- + | In June, |In July, 1914| |In July, + Class of | 1922, as |as calculated| In July, |1922, as + Commodity. | calculated |from the | 1914, as |calculated + | from the |previous |calculated |from 1904 + | Committee's|column by | from 1904 |Budgets by + | Budgets. |price | Budgets. |price + | |changes. | |changes. + -------------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + | A. | B. | C. | D. + (1) Food | 57·1 | 56·2 | 60 | 58·6 + (2) Clothing | 17·5 | 17·0 | 12 | 15·6 + (3) Rent | 5·4 | 7·9 | 16 | 13·3 + (4) Fuel and | | | | + Light | 7·0 | 6·6 | 8 | 8·3 + (5) Sundries | 13·0 | 12·3 | 4 | 4·2 + +------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + Total | 100·0 | 100·0 | 100 | 100·0 + -------------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + +It should be explained that the method of arriving at Columns B and D is +as follows:-- + +The amounts of the various commodities consumed, as shown in the table +compiled from the budgets, are left unchanged, but the prices are +altered according to the prices ruling at the date under consideration, +_i.e._, Column B shows the proportion of expenditure in 1914 on the +various classes of commodities had the 1914 standard been precisely the +same as the present day standard. + + +(C) Compilation of the Final Figure. + +We were now in possession of the retail prices of the individual +commodities at the different dates, and of the weights obtained from the +summarisation of the household budgets, and these prices and weights for +the main groups of articles are set out in the subjoined table:-- + + --------------+---------------+-----------------+-------------+--------- + | | | | Irish + |Mid-July, 1914.| Mid-March, 1922.| Mid-June, | Weights + | | | 1922. |(see last + | | | | par.). + --------------+-------+-------+--------+--------+------+------+--------- + | A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. | + Food | 52·4 | 54·6 | 104·8 | 102·8 | 100 | 100 | 57·1 + Clothing | 52·7 | 52·9 | 103·9 | 101·7 | 100 | 100 | 17·5 + Rent (C) | 78·9 | 78·9 | 100·4 | 100·4 | 100 | 100 | 5·4 + Fuel and Light| 46·6 | 48·1 | 104·8 | 104·4 | 100 | 100 | 7·0 + Sundries | 50·5 | 51·9 | 103·2 | 103·1 | 100 | 100 | 13·0 + --------------+-------+----------------+--------+------+------+--------- + + The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office. + The figures B result from the returns from other Departments. + The figures C were obtained from only one Department--the Local + Government Board. + +It now only remained for us to compile the final figure. + +This was ascertained by multiplying the ratio prices of the various +commodities by the "weights" appropriate to those commodities (_i.e._, +by multiplying the figures in the first six columns of the table above +by the figures in the final column). + +The following table gives the result so obtained:-- + + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + | Mid-July, 1914. | Mid-March, 1922. | Mid-June, 1922. + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + | A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. + Food | 2992·0 | 3117·7 | 5984·1 | 5869·9 | 5710·0 | 5710·0 + Clothing | 922·3 | 925·7 | 1818·2 | 1779·7 | 1750·0 | 1750·0 + Rent (C) | 426·1 | 426·1 | 542·2 | 542·2 | 540·0 | 540·0 + Fuel and Light | 326·2 | 336·7 | 730·8 | 730·8 | 700·0 | 700·0 + Sundries | 657·0 | 674·7 | 1341·6 | 1327·3 | 1300·0 | 1300·0 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + Total | 5323·6 | 5480·9 | 10416·9 | 10249·9 | 10000·0 | 10000·0 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + +Then, taking the prices in July, 1914, as the standard and representing +them by the figure of 100 we get the final percentage table. + + ----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------- + | Mid. | Mid. | Mid. + | July, 1914| March, 1922. | June, 1922. + ----------------+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+------ + As Per Cent. of | | | | | | + | A | B | A | B | A | B + July, 1914. | 100 | 100 | 195·7 | 187·0 | 187·8 | 182·5 + ----------------+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+------ + +The following table shows the percentage changes so obtained for the +main groups of commodities:-- + + ----------------+-------------------+----------------- + | March 1922 over | June 1922 over + | July 1914. | July 1914. + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + | A | B | A | B + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + Food | 99·9 | 88·3 | 90·8 | 83·2 + Clothing | 97·3 | 92·0 | 89·9 | 88·7 + Rent (C) | 27·3 | 27·3 | 26·8 | 26·8 + Fuel and Light | 124·9 | 117·2 | 114·6 | 108·0 + Sundries | 104·1 | 96·9 | 97·8 | 92·8 + +---------+---------+---------+------- + ALL ITEMS | 95·7 | 87·0 | 87·8 | 82·5 + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + +The figures in column marked "A" as before were obtained from the prices +collected by Post Office officials, and those marked "B" from prices +collected by officials of the Ministry of Labour and Local Government +Board. + +By taking the mean of "A" and "B" for March and for June, 1922, the +final figures showing the increases in the Cost of Living are +obtained:-- + + Mid-March, 1922, Mid-June, 1922, + over July, 1914. over July, 1914. + + =91.4= per cent. =85.2= per cent. + +=and these are the final figures which we recommend the Government to +adopt.= + + +NOTES ON THE COMPILATION. + + (_a_) _Comparison of Post Office, Ministry of Labour and Local + Government Board Figures._ + +The close similarity between the figures supplied by the various +Departments can perhaps be most clearly seen in a different tabular +form. + +For every 100 shillings spent by wage-earning classes in July, 1914, the +following would be the corresponding amounts (as shown by the different +returns) which would have to be spent in order to maintain the same +standard of living in March and June, 1922. + + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + | | Ministry of | Mean of | Deviation | Deviation + | Post | Labour and | columns | of (_a_) and | as a + |Office.| Ministry of |(_a_) and| (_b_) from | percentage of + | | Local Govt. | (_b_). | the mean. | column (_c_). + | (_a_) | (_b_) | (_c_) | | + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + March, | | | | | + 1922 | 195.7 | 187.0 | 191.35 | 4.35 | 2.3 + June, | | | | | + 1922 | 187.8 | 182.5 | 185.15 | 2.65 | 1.4 + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + +The last column shows that in general the difference between Post +Office, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Local Government was 2.3 per +cent. of the mean for prices returned for March, 1922, and 1.4 per cent. +of the mean for prices returned for June, 1922--surely a small +difference considering the instability of prices. + +(_b_) _Sundries._ + +A point of some importance is the following:-- + +In the British budgets only items of which the price changes could be +accurately measured are understood to have been included. + +In our Summary all "Sundries" shown in the budgets are included. But as +the price change of only about one-third of them could be directly +measured it was assumed that the change in the level of the prices of +the remaining sundries varied in the same proportion as the change in +the other four groups combined. + + +(D) Results of Different Weighting. + +Calculations were also made whereby a final figure could be arrived at +by different methods, and the following table shows results obtained:-- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES ARISING BY USING BRITISH WEIGHTS. + + ------------------------------------------------+------------------- + |Percentage Increase + | in Cost of Living + | in Ireland. + DIFFERENT METHODS. |----------+--------- + | July 1914|July 1914 + | to | to + |March 1922|June 1922 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + _a_ By applying British Weights in 1914 | | + to the Committee's Irish Prices of all | | + commodities in 1914 and 1922 the percentage | | + increase in the Cost of Living | | + would be | 84.8 | 80.2 + | | + _b_ Taking Irish Prices for Food in 1914 as | | + collected by the British Board of Trade, | | + but the Committee's Prices for all other | | + commodities in 1914 and all commodities | | + in 1922 the increase would be | 76.6 | 71.0 + | | + _c_ Taking British Prices for food in the | | + "United Kingdom" in 1914, but the Committee's | | + Prices for all other commodities in 1914 | | + and all commodities in 1922 the increase | | + would be | 72.1 | 67.3 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + Prices obtained entirely on Irish weights | | + and prices, and recommended for adoption | | + are | 91.4 | 85.2 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + +As regards this table it should, however, be pointed out that the +commodities selected by us are not in all respects identical with those +selected by the British authorities and that the application of the +weights, although broadly speaking correct, could not be accurate in +every detail. + +It only remains for us to express our gratitude for all the assistance +given to us by the officials of the Departments already mentioned and by +the staff assisting in the actual compilation. Our thanks are especially +due to Mr. C. J. Barry, of the Department of Agriculture and Technical +Instruction and to the National School teachers who furnished such +excellent budgets. + + (Signed) JOHN HOOPER, _Chairman_. + T. K. BEWLEY. + +T. Mac Giolla Padraig.+ + STANLEY LYON. + _4th August, 1922._ + + + + +APPENDIX. + + +Form A. + +DIRECTIONS. + +1. All prices should be quoted in pence, and should be cash prices at +the shop (not delivered). + +2. Please note the quantity mentioned in the first column in each case, +and let your figures correspond. + +3. If actual prices paid for any item are not available--leave space +blank. _Do not estimate._ + +4. The figures quoted for the month of March, 1922, should be those +prevailing on the date on which you fill up the form. + +5. In the column headed "Observations," please furnish any particulars +concerning the retail prices of food in your district, which, in your +opinion are worthy of observation. + +6. Fill in on the back page of the form particulars of the sources from +which information as to the prices of the commodity has been obtained, +for example:-- + + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + COMMODITY. | SOURCE. | NATURE. + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + Butter | John Macken, Main Street | Large Shop--Day Book + Eggs | Personal knowledge | Direct Country supply + Eggs | Mrs. O'Kane, Dublin Road | Household Pass Book + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + +7. The figures representing the majority of the sales are the figures +required. Exceptional prices are of no value. + +8. In every case you should check your information, whether given of +your knowledge or after investigation by enquiry from more than one +source. + + RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN FOOD COMMODITIES IN __________________________ + AT UNDERMENTIONED DATES. (City, Town, or District). + -----------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------- + | 1913 | 1914 | 1922 | + +----+-----+----+----+---------+---------+ Observa- + Commodity |Jan.|April|July|Oct.|Feb.|July|Feb.|Mar.| tions + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Beef (Irish). | | | | | | | | | + Best cuts per lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second parts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Rough meat lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Mutton (Irish). | | | | | | | | | + Best cuts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second parts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Rough meat lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Bacon. | | | | | | | | | + Smoked (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Smoked (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Unsmoked (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Unsmoked (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Shoulder (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Shoulder (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + American (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + American (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Fresh Pork. | | | | | | | | | + Chops lb.| | | | | | | | | + Steaks lb.| | | | | | | | | + Puddings lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Sausages. | | | | | | | | | + Beef lb.| | | | | | | | | + Pork lb.| | | | | | | | | + "Limerick" lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Lard lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Dripping lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Butter. | | | | | | | | | + Irish Creamery lb.| | | | | | | | | + Irish farmer's lb.| | | | | | | | | + New Zealand lb.| | | | | | | | | + Danish lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Margarine. | | | | | | | | | + First Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Cheese (give brand | | | | | | | | | + or other description).| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Eggs. | | | | | | | | | + First Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Second Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Milk. | | | | | | | | | + Fresh quart| | | | | | | | | + Buttermilk quart| | | | | | | | | + Skim Milk quart| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Tinned Milk. | | | | | | | | | + Irish (give size | | | | | | | | | + of tin) | | | | | | | | | + Imported (give | | | | | | | | | + size of tin) | | | | | | | | | + Bread (per 2-lb. Loaf) | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Flour. | | | | | | | | | + Household per stone | | | | | | | | | + Household per sack | | | | | | | | | + of ___ stones. | | | | | | | | | + Best American per | | | | | | | | | + sack of ___ stones. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Meal. | | | | | | | | | + Oaten stone| | | | | | | | | + Wheaten stone| | | | | | | | | + Indian stone| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Rice lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Potatoes stone| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Sugar, White | | | | | | | | | + granulated lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Tea. | | | | | | | | | + Best quality lb.| | | | | | | | | + Cheapest quality lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Coffee, Ground lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Cocoa. | | | | | | | | | + Shell lb.| | | | | | | | | + Tinned lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Jam, Irish (give name | | | | | | | | | + of kind in most | | | | | | | | | + demand). | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Please add any | | | | | | | | | + information available | | | | | | | | | + as to prices of the | | | | | | | | | + following commodities,| | | | | | | | | + giving description of | | | | | | | | | + each item:-- | | | | | | | | | + Fish | | | | | | | | | + Vegetables lb.| | | | | | | | | + Poultry lb.| | | | | | | | | + Fruit lb.| | | | | | | | | + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Signature________________________ + Date_________________ + +PARTICULARS OF SOURCES from which information has been obtained:-- + + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + COMMODITY. | SOURCE. | NATURE. + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + Beef | | + Mutton | | + Bacon | | + Fresh Pork | | + Sausages | | + Lard | | + Dripping | | + Butter | | + Margarine | | + Cheese | | + Eggs | | + Milk | | + Tinned Milk | | + Bread | | + Flour | | + Meal | | + Rice | | + Potatoes | | + Sugar | | + Tea | | + Coffee | | + Cocoa | | + Jam | | + Fish | | + Vegetables | | + Poultry | | + Fruit | | + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + + +Form B 1. + +INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING IN SPECIAL FORMS FOR RETAIL PRICES. + +(1) The necessary inquiries for filling up these forms should be made +immediately. + +(2) The returns duly completed should be posted so as to reach this +Office _not later than Thursday, 22nd June_. Please do your utmost to +post them as early as possible. + +(3) Get the information from the shops most frequented by the +wage-earning classes. Prices representing the kind, quality, etc., on +which these classes spend most money are the prices required. + +(4) Please note the quantity for which the prices of each commodity are +to be quoted. + +(5) All prices on Forms B 2 and B 3 should be quoted in pence (but +correct to farthings)--thus Sugar 5-¾d. per lb. + +(6) Give actual prices. If you cannot get them leave blanks; do not give +estimates or averages. For prices for the dates prior to June, 1922, get +the Shopkeepers to look up their books. + +(7) All prices should be cash prices at the shop (_not delivered_) they +should represent the majority of sales and they should be checked by +inquiry from more than one source. + +(8) (_a_) Get prices in all cases from Shopkeepers, giving on each Form +the names and full postal addresses of those who supplied the +information for that Form. + +(_b_) Give exact descriptions of beef, mutton, etc., where you are asked +to do this on the Form. + +(9) Give on the space provided on each Form any explanations or +observations which you think would be helpful. + +=Form B 2.= + +RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES + + in ________________ of __________________________________ + (_Parish_) (_City, Town or District_). + + [_Prices to be correct to the nearest farthing._] + -----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+-------+----- + | |Mid | | | | + | |Mid- |Mid- | | |Mid- + | |Mar.,|June,| | |June, + Commodity. |Per |1922.|1922.| Commodity.[B] |Per |1922. + -----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+-------+----- + | |_d._ |_d._ | | |_d._ + Butter, Irish Factory |lb. | | |Pork Chops |lb. | + Cheese, Golden Spray[A]|lb. | | |Pork Sausages |lb. | + Condensed Milk, Irish |1 lb.| | |Lard |lb. | + full Cream. | tin| | | | | + Condensed Milk, |1 lb.| | | | | + Nestle's | tin| | |Butter, Irish Creamery |lb. | + Rice, Rangoon |lb. | | |Butter, Irish Farmer's |lb. | + Rice, Java |lb. | | |Margarine, First Grade |lb. | + Jam, Strawberry |lb. | | |Margarine, Second |lb. | + | | | | Grade. | | + Fresh Pork, Shoulders |lb. | | |Eggs, First Grade |doz. | + Fish--Red Herrings |doz. | | |Milk, Fresh |Quart | + Fish--Fresh Herrings |doz. | | |Bread |2 lb. | + | | | | | loaf | + Fish--Cod Steak |lb. | | |Flour, Household |14 lbs.| + Tea (quality most used |lb. | | |Oatmeal |14 lbs.| + by working classes). | | | | | | + Cabbage |head | | |Potatoes, Old |14 lbs.| + =============================| | | | | + |July,| | | | | + |1914.| | | | | + Soap, Household (bar) | | | |Sugar, white granulated|lb. | + per lb.| | | | | | + | | | |Tea, Best Quality |lb. | + Candles per lb.| | | | | | + | | | |Tea, Cheapest Quality |lb. | + Paraffin Oil per gal.| | | |================================ + | | | | OBSERVATIONS. + Coal per 112 lbs.| | | | + | | | | + Turf[A] per 112 lbs.| | | | + | | | | + Gas for lighting[A] per| | | | + | | | | + Gas for cooking, per| | | | + &c.[A] | | | | + Electricity for per| | | | + lighting[A] | | | | + Electricity for per| | | | + cooking, &c.[A] | | | | + ========================================================================== + [A: SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.--(_a_) _Cheese_, _Golden Spray._--If this kind + of Cheese is not sold, strike out last two words, insert kind most + usually sold to working classes, and give prices. (_b_) _Turf._--Note, + price is asked for per 112 lbs. State on back of this form how it is + sold in your Parish, and give number of sods, creels, etc., to the 112 + lbs. (_c_) _Gas and Electricity._--Insert the quantity which you are + pricing, and state any "observations" (on the front or back of this + form) which will help in compiling uniform quotations for the different + parts of Ireland.] + + [B: NOTE.--Prices for Mid-June, 1922, only are required for these + particular commodities.] + + _Date_ ______________ (_Signature_) ____________________________ + + =Form B 2=--CONTINUED. + + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------------ + |Name and full postal address| + COMMODITY. | of Shopkeeper or Firm from| OBSERVATIONS. + | whom the information was | + | obtained. | + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------------ + (1) Butter | | + (2) Cheese | | + (3) Condensed Milk| | + (4) Margarine | | + (5) Lard | | + (6) Sausages | | + (7) Fresh Pork | | + (8) Tea | | + (9) Sugar | | + (10) Jam | | + (11) Rice | | + (12) Oatmeal | | + (13) Flour | | + (14) Bread | | + (15) Eggs | | + (16) Milk, fresh | | + (17) Potatoes | | + (18) Cabbage | | + (19) Fish | | + (20) Soap | | + (21) Candles | | + (22) Oil | | + (23) Coal | | + (24) Turf | | + (25) Gas | | + (26) Electricity | | + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------ + + +Form B 3. + +RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES + + in _________________________ of ________________________ + (Parish). (City, Town or District). + ------------------------------------+----------------------------------- + PRICES. | ESTIMATED WEIGHTS. + | + Insert under _Beef_ the exact |On each blank line below insert the + description (e.g., "round steak," |same description as you have + "stewing beef," "rib steak," "corned|already inserted on the same line + brisket," "shoulder," "liver," etc.,|in the lefthand column, then insert + or whatever is the exact |below the best estimates of + description) of each of the six |comparative weights which you can + parts, kinds, etc., on which the |get from the shopkeeper. + _working classes_ at present spend | + most _money_, naming the parts in |That is to say, for every 10 _lbs._ + the order of their importance from |of that part, kind, cut, etc., on + this point of view. Please insert |which the working classes spend + prices opposite each description. |most _money_, insert below the + Similarly, in the case of _Mutton_ |approximate _weight_ of each of the + insert the exact description of the |other descriptions (2), (3), etc., + four parts, kinds, etc., in the |purchased by the working classes. + order of their money importance to | + the working classes, entering the | + exact price opposite each. Again, | + under _Bacon, etc._, insert the | + exact description (e.g., "Irish | + shoulder rashers," "Irish bacon, | + back piece," "American bacon, | + shoulder piece," "Pigs' heads," | + "American Gams," etc., or whatever | + is the exact description) of each of| + the six parts, kinds, cuts, etc., of| + cured pigs on which the _working | + classes_ at present spend most | + _money_, naming the parts in order | + of their importance from this point | + of view. Enter the exact prices | + opposite each description. | + | + Do not estimate prices. As regards | + Mid-March, shopkeeper's books should| + be referred to in each case. | + + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | Mid- | Mid- | | + | March, | June, | | + BEEF, per lb. | 1922. | 1922. | BEEF. | Weights. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (5) | | |(5) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (6) | | |(6) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + MUTTON, per lb. | | | MUTTON. | + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + BACON, &c., | | | | + per lb. | | | BACON, etc. | + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (5) | | |(5) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (6) | | |(6) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + +The working-class families in this district spend about _____ shillings +on Mutton for every 10 shillings spent on Beef. + +For every 10s. which the working classes spend on butchers' meat (beef +and mutton) how much do they spend on bacon and other pig-meat (including +sausages)? ____________ + + Signature ____________________________ Date ____ June, 1922. + + +_Source of Information_ + + +_Observations_ + + +Form B 4. + +CLOTHING OF WAGE-EARNING CLASSES. + +RETAIL PRICES IN ___________________________ + +The prices for 1914 must refer to exactly the same type and quality of +articles as for 1922, which must be of a description in general demand +amongst wage-earning classes in 1922. In all cases of clothing it is the +ready-made article that should be priced, except as regards men's suits, +men's trousers and men's overcoats, for which two sets of prices, (1) +ready-made, (2) tailor-made, should be given. + + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + | State Material and | | July,| Mar.,|June, + Articles. | exact Description. | -- | 1914.| 1922.|1922. + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + | | | s. d.| s. d.|s. d. + (A). Men's. | | | | | + Suits (1) | | each | | | + Suits (2) | | each | | | + Trousers (1) | | pair | | | + Trousers (2) | | pair | | | + Overcoats (1) | | each | | | + Overcoats (2) | | each | | | + Singlets | | each | | | + Drawers | | pair | | | + Shirts | | each | | | + Socks | | pair | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (B). Boys aged | | | | | + about 12. | | | | | + Suits | | each | | | + Overcoats | | each | | | + Shirts | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (C). Women's. | | | | | + Light Coats | | each | | | + Heavy Coats | | each | | | + Costumes | | each | | | + Blouses | | each | | | + Skirts | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Combinations | | pair | | | + Corsets | | each | | | + Underskirts | | each | | | + Chemises | | each | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (D). Girls aged | | | | | + about 12. | | | | | + Coats | | each | | | + Dresses | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Combinations | | pair | | | + Stays | | each | | | + Petticoats | | each | | | + Chemises | | each | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (E).--MATERIALS purchased by Wage-earning Classes (same kind and quality + at each date). + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + | | | July,| Mar.,| June, + Materials. | Exact Description, Width, &c. | Per | 1914.| 1922.| 1922. + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + | | | s. d.| s. d.| s. d. + Woollen Yarn | | lb. | | | + Calico | | yard| | | + Cotton | | yard| | | + Flannel | | yard| | | + Flannelette | | yard| | | + Serge | | yard| | | + Tweed | | yard| | | + Print | | yard| | | + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + +(F).--Names and full postal addresses of shopkeepers, firms, &c., from whom +information on this Form B. 4 was obtained. + + +(G).--Observations. + + +_Signature_ _______________________________ + +_Date_ ______________________ + +_This Form should be returned by the day of June_, 1922. Form B 5. + +REPRESENTATIVE RENTS PAID BY WAGE-EARNING CLASSES IN + +I.--WHOLE HOUSE OCCUPIED BY ONE FAMILY. + +I.--The houses referred to below should be representative of +wage-earning class dwellings in as many different districts as possible. +Houses owned by the Local Authority should be indicated by an asterisk +placed after the postal number; such houses should only form their due +proportion of the number mentioned below since the Return is required to +show the true average change in rents in all wage-earning class houses. +_Rents of actual houses should be given: different rents are not to be +averaged_. + + ---------------+---------+------+-----------------------+ + | |No. | Annual Rent[B] | + | |of | (including rates) | + |Postal[A]|rooms | of each house. | + Name of Street.| No. or |in |-------+-------+-------+ + | Nos. of |each | July, | Mar., | June, | + | houses. |house.| 1914. | 1922. | 1922. | + ---------------+---------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + | | | £ | s.| £ | s.| £ | s.| + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + ---------------+---------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + +Continuation of above table + --------------+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------- + | | | + | | Annual Rates | P.L. Valuation + |Postal[A]| on each house. | of each house. + Name of Street| No. or |--------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------- + | Nos. of | July, | Mar., | June, | July, | Mar., | June, + | houses. | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. + --------------+---------+--+--+--+--+--|--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+--- + | | £|s.|£ |s.| £|s.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + --------------+---------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+--- +[A. Owned by the Local Authority.] + +[B. It is the ANNUAL rent that should be entered; accordingly +weekly, monthly or quarterly rents at the above dates should be +multiplied by 52, 12, or 4 respectively, and the result entered.] + +Form B 5--continued. + +II.--PART ONLY OF HOUSE OCCUPIED BY FAMILY. + +II.--The houses or tenements should be in as many different districts as +possible and the particulars should be representative of wage-earning +class accommodation in those districts. _Actual rents are to be given: +different rents are not to be averaged._ + + ------+------+--------------+------------------------------------ + | | Number[A] of| Amount of Rent paid per week + Name |Postal|rooms occupied| for the rooms + of |No. of|by each family|-----------+------------+----------- + Street|house.|selected. |July, 1914.|March, 1922.|June, 1922. + ------+------+--------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----- + | | | s. | d. | s. | d. | s. | d. + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + ------+------+--------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----- + +[A: The numbers required are to represent different types of +wage-earning class accommodation and, therefore, families should +be selected occupying different numbers of rooms so as to properly +represent local conditions.] + +_Date_ __________ 1922. _Signature_ ______________________ + + +=Form B 6.=--Page 1. + +HOUSEHOLD BUDGET. + +PARTICULARS for all persons in a household at _________ Co +__________ during the seven days ended ___ June, 1922. + +(NOTE.--Particulars for _each_ person should be given, one line +being devoted to _each_). + + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + Description | | | |Earnings + (_e.g._, husband, wife,| Sex | | | for + father, son, niece, | (M) Male |Age.|Occupation.|the seven + servant, lodger, &c.).|(F) Female| | [1] | days.[2] + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + | | | | s. d. + (1) | | | | + (2) | | | | + (3) | | | | + (4) | | | | + (5) | | | | + (6) | | | | + (7) | | | | + (8) | | | | + (9) | | | | + (10) | | | | + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + [1. _e.g._, "Carpenter," "Dock |Total earnings(A)| + labourer," "domestic duties," "at| | + school," &c.] |Other receipts[E]| + [2. If there is a servant, her |-----------------|--------- + wages should not be included here]Total income (B) | + (E) Receipts of old age or other |-----------------+--------- + pensions should be included here and not in the column for + "earnings" above. Please state on the following lines + particulars of pensions or other receipts:-- + ---------------------------+---------------------------------- + Observations with regard to| SUMMARY. + particulars on this page. |---------------------------------- + | Number of Persons + | No. + |Who earned cash (A) ________ + |Who did not earn cash (A) ________ + |Total number of persons + | in the household ________ + |---------------------------------- + | s. d. + |Total _income_ (B) + | for the seven days ________ + |---------------------------------- + | Number of Persons + | No. + |Under 4 years ________ + |4 years to 13 (inclusive) ________ + |14 years and over ________ + | -------- + |Total number of persons + | in the household ________ + +=Form B 6.=--Page 2. + +QUANTITIES AND COSTS OF ARTICLES CONSUMED DURING THE SEVEN DAYS ___ +JUNE, TO ___ JUNE, 1922. + + --------------------------+------+----+--------------------------+----+---- + | Qty. |s.d.| |Qty.|s.d. + FOOD. | | | FUEL AND LIGHT. | | + (1) Beef | lb. | |(29) Coal |cwt.| + (2) Mutton | lb. | |(30) Turf |cwt.| + (3) Fresh pork | lb. | |(31) Firewood | | + (4) Sausages, black | lb. | |(32) Gas | | + puddings, &c. | | |(33) Electricity | | + (5) Bacon, pigs' heads, | lb. | |(34) Candles |lb. | + &c. | | |(35) Paraffin Oil |pts.| + --------------------------+------+----|(36) Other Fuel and Light |[3] | + | | |--------------------------+----+---- + (6) Total Meat[4] | [3] |[4] |(37) Total Fuel & Light(E)|[3] | + (7) Fresh Fish | [3] | |--------------------------+----+---- + (8) Cured or Tinned Fish | [3] | | | | + (9) Butter | lb. | | HOUSEHOLD REQUISITES. | | + (10) Cheese | lb. | |(38) Soap | | + (11) Margarine | lb. | |(39) Starch, blue, |[3] | + (12) Lard | lb. | | polishes, &c. | | + (13) Fresh Milk | pts. | |(40) Crockery, hardware, |[3] | + (14) Condensed Milk | lb. | | &c. | | + (15) Eggs | doz. | |(41) Other household |[3] | + (16) Bread | 2 lb.| | requisites. | | + |loaves| |(42) Total Household |[3] | + (17) Flour | lb. | | Requisites (F). | | + (18) Oatmeal, &c. | lb. | |--------------------------+----+---- + (19) Rice, Sago, &c. | lb. | | | | + (20) Potatoes | lb. | | SUNDRIES. | | + (21) Other Vegetables | [3] | |(43) Pipe tobacco |oz. | + (22) Tea | lb. | |(44) Cigarettes |oz. | + (23) Sugar | lb. | |(45) Medicines, Ointments,|[3] | + (24) Jam | lb. | | Ointments, &c. | | + (25) Other food | [3] | |(46) Newspapers, &c. |[3] | + (26) Meals eaten at shops,| [3] | |(47) Train and tram fares,|[3] | + &c. | | | &c. | | + --------------------------+------+----|(48) Insurances |[3] | + (27) Total Food (C) | [3] |[4] |(49) | | + --------------------------+------+----|(50) | | + |(51) | | + (28) Clothes boots and | [3] | |--------------------------+----+ + shoes (D) | | |(52) Total Sundries (G) |[3] | + --------------------------+------+----+--------------------------+----+ + +[3: Cost only is required.] + +[4: When totting be careful not to add in Meat twice over.] + +NOTE.--Food purchased for poultry, pigs, &c.; materials for making up +garments for _sale_; implements for producing goods _for sale_, &c., +should not be included above. + +_(H) RENTS (Including rates)._--What is the weekly rent (including rates) +of the house or rooms occupied by the household? ___ shillings and ___ pence. + +Does the family own the house? ________ (yes or no). If the answer is "yes," +insert the equivalent rent and rates. + +Observations on Weekly Costs and on rent:-- + +=Form B 6.=--Page 3. + +COST OF CLOTHING (INCLUDING BOOTS AND SHOES) FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS, +JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, INCLUSIVE. + +As it is exceptionally difficult to obtain representative costs of +clothing, you are earnestly requested to help the Government by going to +the greatest pains to give below the most accurate figures you possibly +can for the cost of the clothing (including boots and shoes) used up by +the household during the twelve months, July, 1921, to June, 1922, +inclusive. Costs of materials purchased for clothing (_e.g._, cotton for +children's dresses) should be included, any costs of making-up should be +added. Material purchased for making up articles for _sale_ should not +be entered. COSTS FOR REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS OF CLOTHING +(including boots and shoes) should be included. FOR ARTICLES WHICH +USUALLY LAST MORE THAN TWELVE MONTHS include below only the +proportionate cost for the twelve months. For instance, if an overcoat +is usually bought only once in _three_ years, enter below only +_one-third_ of the price; even if the overcoat was purchased eighteen +months ago, one-third of the cost should still be stated below. If the +exact amount of money spent during the twelve months on, for instance, +boys' stockings, cannot be remembered, but if it is known that a pair +lasts about _four months_, then include below _three times_ the price of +the last pair. The lists below are intended for your convenience; some +of the articles may not have been used, others more important than some +mentioned may have to be included with minor expenditure under "Other +Clothing." + + -----------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ + For Women. |For Girls over 6.| For Men. | For Boys over 6. + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + | | | | | | | + |£ s.| |£ s.| |£ s.| |£ s. + | | | | | | | + Coats | |Coats | |Overcoats | |Overcoats | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Hats | |Hats | |Suits | |Suits | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Costumes | |Dresses | |Hats | |Caps | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Blouses, &c.| |Stockings | |Singlets | |Shirts | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Skirts | |Combinations | |Drawers | |Stockings | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Stockings | |Stays | |Shirts | |Boots & Shoes| + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Combinations| |Petticoats | |Socks | |Other | + | | | | | |Clothing | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Corsets | |Chemises | |Boots & Shoes| | Total | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Underskirts | |Boots & Shoes| |Other | | Per Boy | + | | | |Clothing | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Chemises | |Other | | | |For children | + | |Clothing | | | | under 6. | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Boots & | | | | | | |£ s. + Shoes | | | | | |Total | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----|childen's | + Other | | | | | |clothes, | + clothing | | | | | |boots, &c. | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Total of | |Total of | |Total of | |Per Child | + above | |above | |above | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Per Woman | |Per Girl | |Per Man | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + (I.) Total cost of Clothing, Boots and Shoes, for the whole household for + 12 months, £ : : + +OBSERVATIONS on costs of clothing (including Boots and +Shoes):-- + +Form B 6.--Page 4. + +COST OF FUEL AND LIGHT FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS, JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, +inclusive. + +As the cost of fuel and light is so different in winter and summer, will +you please state below, as accurately as possible, the expenditure on +fuel and light by the household during the past twelve months, and the +corresponding quantities of the items consumed. + + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + |Quantity.|£ s.| |Quantity.|£ s. + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Coal | tons. | |Electricity for | | + | | | lighting | | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Turf | tons. | |Electricity for | | + | | | cooking, &c. | | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Firewood | | |Candles | lb.| + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Gas for lighting | | |Paraffin Oil | galls.| + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Gas for cooking, &c.| | |Other fuel and light| | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + +(J). Total expenditure on Fuel and Light for the twelve months ___£ + +Observations on fuel and light:-- + +General Observations:-- + +The figures and observations inserted on these four pages are reliable +to the best of my knowledge and belief. + + + Signature of Teacher or Assistant______________Rank_____________ + + Address of School_______________________________________________ + + Date_____________1922. + +Form B 7. + +INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEALING WITH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET FORM B 6. + +1. Select the household with one or more wage-earners for which you can +give the most reliable particulars. You can choose any type of household +you think fit, it does not matter whether it be a household even of +twenty or even of one, whether comfortably off or poorly off, with many +children or with few or no children, with several wage-earners or with +only one, with no men, with no women, with a visitor, with a servant, +etc., provided the household chosen is one of the wage-earning class. +This will ensure that taking the country as a whole the budgets will +represent every day conditions and avoid anything exceptional. + +2. If you select a household with a plot or garden in which food is +produced, or one with fowl or pigs, etc., a note to this effect should +be made under "Observations." + +3. Make no statement which would identify the household for which you +send an account; as a further precaution the individual returns will be +treated as strictly confidential--your figures will be used only in +totting them with figures in a large number of other budgets in order to +arrive at averages, etc. + +4. If you live with a wage earner and give the budget of your own house, +do not state that the household is your own, but you will of course +place the word "teacher" on one line in the occupation column of the +first table (a teacher is not necessarily a national school teacher; in +any case the budget will be treated as strictly confidential). + +5. If you can get accurate particulars for the days of the current week, +do so. If not, would you ask the householder to keep an account for the +seven days immediately following the receipt of this communication. Post +your budget so as to reach here by the 30th June, at latest. Spend all +the time you can spare to get the particulars as accurate as possible. + +6. Under "Observations" on each page give any remarks that may be +helpful, especially explanations of unusually large or small figures. +The budgets will be closely scrutinised. + +7. Do not stamp the envelope; it will come post free. + +PAGE 1. + +8. Give a line to each individual in the household from the oldest to +the youngest. In the summary table include as earners any who earn even +a few shillings. In case short time or only a few hours were worked this +should be stated under "Observations." + +PAGE 2. + +9. Get the quantity and cost of the items _consumed_ in the week. In +most cases it will be accurate enough to state _purchases_ during the +week, but where there has been an unusually large purchase of food, +etc., to last more than one week (or an unusually small purchase owing +to a large quantity being in hand at the beginning of the week) give the +quantity and cost of the week's consumption. You are, however, +definitely instructed to state the _purchases_ during the week of such +articles as "clothing, boots and shoes," "crockery, hardware," etc., and +of all such goods which are intended to last more than one week. If any +article (e.g., a suit of clothes, etc.) is purchased on an easy payment +system give the total cost--not the amount of the instalment. It is +anticipated that a small number of budgets will contain abnormally large +figures for "clothing, boots and shoes," etc., and in such cases +particulars should be given under the "Observations." + +Loads, creels, etc., of turf should be converted to the equivalent +weight. + +RENT.--The figure required is to include rates. If the +household owns the house, this should be stated and the equivalent rent +(including rates) should be given. If the household do not occupy a +whole house, this should be stated. + +10. You will observe that the week's expenditure will not necessarily be +the same as the week's income. + +PAGES 3 AND 4 + +11. The difficulty of giving as accurate figures on pages 3 and 4 as on +pages 1 and 2 is recognised, but you are earnestly requested to do the +very best you can to give reliable figures. Under "Observations" on the +last page give an indication of the degree of accuracy of your figures. + +12. Do not send a budget at all unless you are satisfied that the +figures are reliable on the whole. + + + + + PRINTED BY A. THOM & CO., LTD., DUBLIN. + 16459. 750. 9. 1922. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, by +Ministry of Economic Affairs + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + +***** This file should be named 37666-8.txt or 37666-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/6/6/37666/ + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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*/ + position: absolute; right: 2%; + font-size: 75%; + color: silver; + background-color: inherit; + text-align: right; + text-indent: 0em; + font-style: normal; + font-weight: normal; + font-variant: normal;} /* page numbers */ + + .poem {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em;} + .poem span.pn { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; right: 2%; + font-size: 75%; + text-align: right; + text-indent: 0em; + font-style: normal; + font-weight: normal; + color: silver; background-color: inherit; + font-variant: normal;} /* page numbers in poems */ + + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, by +Ministry of Economic Affairs + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland + June 1922 + +Author: Ministry of Economic Affairs + +Release Date: October 8, 2011 [EBook #37666] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + + + + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h2><i>FOR OFFICIAL USE.</i></h2> + +<h2><span class="smcap">Rialtas Sealadach na héireann.</span></h2> + +<h2>MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS.</h2> + +<br /> +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h1>REPORT</h1> + +<h4>ON THE</h4> + +<h1>COST OF LIVING</h1> + +<h4>IN</h4> + +<h1>IRELAND</h1> + +<h3>JUNE, 1922.</h3> + +<br /> +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h4>DUBLIN:<br /> +PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATIONERY OFFICE.<br /> +<br /> + +To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from<br /> +<span class="smcap">EASON & SON, Ltd., 40 and 41 Lower Sackville Street, Dublin</span>.<br /> +1922.<br /> +<br /> +<i>Price One Shilling.</i></h4> + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h3>PREFACE.</h3> +<br /> + +<p>It having been represented to the Provisional Government that it was +desirable to calculate an official figure indicating in respect of +Ireland the change in the cost of living at the present time as compared +with the cost of living in 1914, the Provisional Government appointed +for the purpose on 10th June, 1922, a Committee comprising +representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture, Finance, Economic +Affairs and Labour. The Committee reported on the 4th August, 1922, and +the result of its enquiries, together with the Committee's detailed +explanation of the procedure adopted, are appended hereto.</p> + +<p>The conclusions set out in the report represent the closest +approximation which is practicable to the average increases in the cost +of maintaining, in particular months of the current year as compared +with July, 1914, the same standard of living for a family dependent on +wage earnings in places with 500 or more inhabitants. The inquiry +applied to the whole of Ireland, and its basis is therefore broad enough +to be reasonably dependable for any practical purpose to which a +calculation as to changes in the cost of living can usefully be applied.</p> + +<p>It is proposed to arrange for the calculation at intervals of three +months of a cost of living figure on the same basis as that adopted by +the Committee for the purpose of this report. September will be the next +month for which a figure will be determined.</p> + +<p>It is to be observed that the information collected in the course of +this inquiry has incidentally revealed relations between the wholesale +and the retail prices of several important commodities and between the +prices of the same commodity in similar localities which require +explanation. This matter is being further examined with a view to +determining whether any undue advantage is being taken of the general +body of consumers, and, if that be the case, to the adoption of +appropriate remedies.</p> +<br /> + +<p class="noin"> +<span class="smcap">Ministry of Economic Affairs</span>,<br /> + <i>23rd August, 1922</i>.<br /> +</p> + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> +<br /> + +<hr /> +<br /> +<h2>THE COST OF LIVING</h2> + +<h4>IN</h4> + +<h2>IRELAND.</h2> +<br /> +<hr style="width: 20%;" /> +<br /> +<h2>REPORT</h2> + +<p><i>To the Chairman, Provisional Government, Ireland.</i></p> + + +<p>By minute dated the 10th June last we were appointed by the Government +to determine the cost of living in Ireland for the months of March and +June, 1922, as compared with the cost of living in July, 1914, on such a +basis as would show the average increase in the cost of maintaining the +same standard of living for a family dependent on wage earnings. We were +asked to complete our calculations not later than July 15th, if +possible, but owing to the fact that a considerable proportion of our +staff were unable to reach our offices during the recent troubles in +Dublin we were given until the 25th to complete our work. The following +letter was sent to the Head of the Government on the 26th July:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"A Chara,—The Report of the Cost of Living Committee is not yet +finally drafted, but the main lines of it have been agreed upon. We +think, therefore, that we ought to acquaint you at once that our +investigations show that the percentage increase in the Cost of +Living of Wage Earning Classes in Ireland between July, 1914, and +June, 1922, is 85.2 per cent. and the increase between July, 1914 +and March, 1922, is 91.4 per cent.</p> + +<p class="right" style="padding-right: 10em;">"Sinne, le meas mor,"</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>The following Report, while bringing out the points essential to a +purely Irish cost of living inquiry, can hardly be regarded as +exhaustive, in view of the mass of figures collected which could be +examined from many different points of view. Had we been able to spend a +longer time in digesting these figures we should not have arrived at any +different final result as regards the Irish cost of living figure; but +we think that many interesting and important facts might be brought out +by a further analysis of the figures which we have not had time to +undertake, and we suggest, therefore, that the Government should request +the Ministry of Economic Affairs to investigate more thoroughly, from +the point of view of their general economic significance, the figures +collected and compiled.</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">Method of Compiling Cost of Living Figures.</p> + +<p>In every country in which cost of living figures have been obtained the +same method, as far as broad lines are concerned, has been followed. The +method adopted is to ascertain the average retail prices for a number of +representative commodities for the dates to be compared and then to +combine these retail prices in a single figure representing the change +in retail prices as a whole. This combination is not effected by a plain +average, but the individual price changes are "weighted" according to a +comparison of the amounts spent on each of the commodities concerned +(<i>e.g.</i>, a change in the price of a commodity such as bread, must +obviously be given more "weight" than a change in the price of such +commodities as cheese or soap) and in order to determine the proper +"weight" to attach to the retail price changes, representative family +budgets are obtained showing the details of the actual expenditure of a +large number of households. By combining these budgets it is possible to +discover the relationship between the consumption of the various items; +for instance, 12s. may be spent on meat for every 5s. 6d. spent on +butter, and so on. The retail price changes can then be "weighted" +according to the results given by the budgets and the final figure +arrived at by combining them on these lines.</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">Stages of our Inquiry.</p> + +<p>Our inquiry can, therefore, be divided into four main stages:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><b>(A)</b> The collection of retail prices for July, 1914, and March and +June, 1922.</p> + +<p><b>(B)</b> The collection and analysis of representative family budgets +by means of which to determine the "weighting" of the retail price +changes.</p> + +<p><b>(C)</b> The combination of the retail price changes by means of the +"weights" so obtained into one final figure.</p> + +<p><b>(D)</b> The results of applying different methods of "weighting."</p></div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>(A) Collection of Retail Prices.</p> + +<p>We found that as regards articles of food much of the information we +required had already been collected by the Ministry of Economic Affairs +who had obtained returns for July, 1914, and March, 1922, from 420 +sources in towns of 500 persons and upwards; and also that retail prices +of a certain number of articles of food had been collected in 1914, in +Ireland by the Labour Statistics Branch of the Board of Trade.</p> + +<p>Our first task was, therefore, to collect returns of the retail prices +in June, 1922, of all the commodities selected, and of the corresponding +prices in July, 1914, and March, 1922, where these were not already at +our disposal.</p> + +<p>Forms were accordingly drawn up on which this information could be +collected and specimens of these forms are shown in the Appendix to the +Report.</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">(1) <i>Food, Clothing, Fuel and Light, and Sundries.</i></p> + +<p>These forms for food, clothing, fuel and light and sundries, were sent +out for completion through the channels used by the Ministry for +Economic Affairs in its inquiry (viz.:—officials of the Post Office, of +the Ministry of Labour, and of the Local Government Board, and in the +Six-County area through other sources), and to the same towns as in that +inquiry (viz.:—towns with populations of 500 and over). In the case of +the larger towns more than one report was asked for, graduating from two +returns to twenty returns according to their population as shown in the +Census of 1911.</p> + +<p>The following table summarises essential particulars regarding the +forms:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="essential particulars"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" colspan="2">Form.</td> + <td class="tdctlb">Number of Forms dealt with.</td> + <td class="tdctlb">Number of Towns from which received.</td> + <td class="tdctlb">Returns collected by</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz" width="28%">Prices (Food)</td> + <td class="tdlz" width="6%">A</td> + <td class="tdclz" width="18%">450</td> + <td class="tdclz" width="20%">250</td> + <td class="tdll" width="28%">Post Office, Ministry of Labour, and Local Government + Board Officials.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Prices (Food, Fuel and Light and Sundries)</td> + <td class="tdlz">B 2</td> + <td class="tdclz">436</td> + <td class="tdclz">220</td> + <td class="tdllz"> Ditto</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Prices (Meat)</td> + <td class="tdlz">B 3</td> + <td class="tdclz">434</td> + <td class="tdclz">227</td> + <td class="tdllz"> Ditto</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Prices (Clothing)</td> + <td class="tdlz">B 4</td> + <td class="tdclz">436</td> + <td class="tdclz">216</td> + <td class="tdllz"> Ditto</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Rents</td> + <td class="tdlz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">B 5</td> + <td class="tdclz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> 91</td> + <td class="tdclz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> 71</td> + <td class="tdllz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Rate Collectors and Town Clerks.</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>(2) <i>Rents.</i>—The forms for rents were issued through the Local +Government Board, and in the Six-County area through other sources, and +filled in for the most part by Rate Collectors in the several districts +and towns in Ireland. They were asked to state the rents in July, 1914, +and in March, and June, 1922, of about 20 houses in their districts +showing the number of rooms and the Poor Law Valuation, the latter +figures enabling us to ensure that the same classes of houses of wage +earners were being compared. Enquiry was also made in connection with +the rents of tenements, and due allowance was made for this in the final +figures. The rent figures include rates in every case.</p> + +<p>(3) <i>Compilation of prices for individual commodities.</i>—The next step +was to calculate from these returns the average retail prices of the +individual commodities selected, and this was done as follows:—</p> + +<p>One set of average retail prices was compiled from the returns of the +Post Office officials, and another from those of the other officials, +and a division of the forms was made on this basis.</p> + +<p>The retail prices of food, etc. (on Forms A, B2 and B3), and of clothing +(Form B4) were then separately summarised in the two groups, viz.—those +received from the Post Office officials and those received from the +officials of the other Departments for July, 1914, and March and June, +1922.</p> + +<p>(4) <i>Compilation of Rent Returns.</i></p> + +<p>The rent returns were treated in precisely the same manner, except that +there was no division, since the returns were received through the Local +Government Board only.</p> + +<p>On pages 7 and 8 is the list of average retail prices so compiled:—</p> + + +<p class="cen">(5) <span class="smcap">List of Prices.</span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> + +<p class="hang" style="margin-left: 2em;"><span class="smcap">The following Table shews Retail Prices in Irish Towns of 500 +inhabitants and upwards; as averaged from Returns collected by officers +of the Post Office, Ministry of Labour and Local Government Board.</span></p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Retail Prices"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid<br /> July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid March, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid<br /> June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">P.O.</td> + <td class="tdclb">M.L. and L.G.</td> + <td class="tdclb">P.O.</td> + <td class="tdclb">M.L. and L.G.</td> + <td class="tdclb">P.O.</td> + <td class="tdclb">M.L. and L.G.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" width="25%">FOOD.</td> + <td class="tdc" width="15%">per</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Beef</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Mutton</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">15.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">15.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Pork Chops</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">20.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">20.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Pork Sausages</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bacon</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">20.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter, Irish Creamery</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">23.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">22.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">23.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">22.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter, Irish Farmers</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">10.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">24.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">20.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">18.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cheese</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Margarine</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Margarine, 2nd grade</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Lard</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Milk, Fresh</td> + <td class="tdr">quart</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2.5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Condensed Milk, Irish</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Condensed Milk, Imported</td> + <td class="tdr">lb. tin</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Eggs, 1st grade</td> + <td class="tdr">dozen</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bread</td> + <td class="tdr">2 lb. loaf</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Flour, household</td> + <td class="tdr">14 lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">22.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">36.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">33.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">35.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">35.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Oatmeal</td> + <td class="tdr">14 lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">21.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">23.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">38.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">41.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">41.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">41.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rice</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Potatoes, old</td> + <td class="tdr">14 lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tea, Best</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">30.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">30.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">44.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">45.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">42.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">42.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tea, Cheapest</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">18.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">18.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">31.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">29.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">27.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">26.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sugar, white granulated</td> + <td class="tdr" style="vertical-align: top;">lb.</td> + <td class="tdclz"> 2.2</td> + <td class="tdclz"> 2.1</td> + <td class="tdclz"> 5.9</td> + <td class="tdclz"> 5.8</td> + <td class="tdclz"> 5.9</td> + <td class="tdclz"> 6.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Jam</td> + <td class="tdrb">lb.</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 6.6</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 6.7</td> + <td class="tdclb">16.2</td> + <td class="tdclb">16.3</td> + <td class="tdclb">15.4</td> + <td class="tdclb">15.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">CLOTHING.</td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Women's.</span></td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Light Coats</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8 10</td> + <td class="tdcl">25 7 </td> + <td class="tdcl">53 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">47 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">51 8</td> + <td class="tdcl">46 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Heavy Coats</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">30 10</td> + <td class="tdcl">31 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">58 2</td> + <td class="tdcl">57 11</td> + <td class="tdcl">56 5</td> + <td class="tdcl">56 4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Costumes</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">44 2</td> + <td class="tdcl">41 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">79 9</td> + <td class="tdcl">77 11</td> + <td class="tdcl">77 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">76 4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Blouses</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 8</td> + <td class="tdcl">10 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9 1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Skirts</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8 1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 10</td> + <td class="tdcl">14 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">11 2</td> + <td class="tdcl">13 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">10 10</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stockings</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Combinations</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">11 1</td> + <td class="tdcl">10 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">10 8</td> + <td class="tdcl">9 9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Corsets</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6 10</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 10</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6 8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Underskirts</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 10</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Chemises</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 10</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Boots</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">11 2</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 8 7</td> + <td class="tdclb">22 9</td> + <td class="tdclb">16 0</td> + <td class="tdclb">21 11</td> + <td class="tdclb">15 9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Girls (over 6).</span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Coats</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">14 1</td> + <td class="tdcl">11 8</td> + <td class="tdcl">25 9</td> + <td class="tdcl">21 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">25 1</td> + <td class="tdcl">20 9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Dresses</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">13 11</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">27 3</td> + <td class="tdcl">17 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">26 3</td> + <td class="tdcl">17 3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stockings</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Combinations</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 10</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8 0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6 8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stays</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 5 </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 10</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Petticoats</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 11</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Chemises</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 11</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Boots</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> 8 4</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 7 9</td> + <td class="tdclb">16 6</td> + <td class="tdclb">14 2</td> + <td class="tdclb">15 10</td> + <td class="tdclb">14 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Men's.</span></td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Overcoats (Readymade)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdclz">34 3</td> + <td class="tdclz">33 7</td> + <td class="tdclz">69 1</td> + <td class="tdclz">64 3</td> + <td class="tdclz">66 5</td> + <td class="tdclz">63 4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Overcoats (Tailormade)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdclz">53 6</td> + <td class="tdclz">48 10</td> + <td class="tdclz">100 11 </td> + <td class="tdclz">93 3</td> + <td class="tdclz">98 7 </td> + <td class="tdclz">91 8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Suits (Readymade)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">31 5</td> + <td class="tdcl">35 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">67 9</td> + <td class="tdcl">70 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">66 2</td> + <td class="tdcl">68 6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Suits (Tailormade)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">58 10</td> + <td class="tdcl">54 5</td> + <td class="tdcl">119 6 </td> + <td class="tdcl">113 10 </td> + <td class="tdcl">116 4 </td> + <td class="tdcl">112 7 </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Trousers (Readymade)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdclz"> 8 6</td> + <td class="tdclz"> 8 1</td> + <td class="tdclz">17 0</td> + <td class="tdclz">15 5</td> + <td class="tdclz">16 6</td> + <td class="tdclz">15 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Trousers (Tailormade)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">15 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">13 9</td> + <td class="tdcl">32 2</td> + <td class="tdcl">29 8</td> + <td class="tdcl">31 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">29 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Singlets</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Drawers</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 10</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 2 </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5 2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Shirts</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6 11</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6 4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Socks</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Boots</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">12 5</td> + <td class="tdclb">11 11</td> + <td class="tdclb">24 6</td> + <td class="tdclb">23 3</td> + <td class="tdclb">23 9</td> + <td class="tdclb">22 9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Boys (over 6).</span></td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Overcoats</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">16 8</td> + <td class="tdcl">14 11</td> + <td class="tdcl">33 1</td> + <td class="tdcl">29 0</td> + <td class="tdcl">32 1</td> + <td class="tdcl">27 9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Suits</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">15 9</td> + <td class="tdcl">15 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">31 7</td> + <td class="tdcl">31 1</td> + <td class="tdcl">30 5</td> + <td class="tdcl">30 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Shirts</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4 2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 11</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3 8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stockings</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1 4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2 6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Boots</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> 8 9</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 7 8</td> + <td class="tdclb">16 9</td> + <td class="tdclb">13 11</td> + <td class="tdclb">16 0</td> + <td class="tdclb">13 6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="2">OTHER COMMODITIES.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Coal</td> + <td class="tdr">112 lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">38.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">37.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">37.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">35.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Turf</td> + <td class="tdr">112 lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">11.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">29.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">26.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">30.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">25.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gas for Lighting</td> + <td class="tdr">1,000 c. ft</td> + <td class="tdcl">50.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">51.5</td> + <td class="tdcl">101.9 </td> + <td class="tdcl">98.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">101.0 </td> + <td class="tdcl">98.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gas for Cooking</td> + <td class="tdr">1,000 c. ft</td> + <td class="tdcl">49.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">48.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">101.7 </td> + <td class="tdcl">97.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">101.1 </td> + <td class="tdcl">96.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Electricity for Lighting</td> + <td class="tdr">unit</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">10.4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">10.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Electricity for Cooking</td> + <td class="tdr">unit</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 2.4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Candles</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Paraffin Oil</td> + <td class="tdr">gallon</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">20.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Soap (Household)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Pipe Tobacco</td> + <td class="tdr">2 ozs.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Cigarettes</td> + <td class="tdrb">pkt. of 10</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 3.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 3.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 6.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 6.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 6.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 6.0</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span><span class="smcap">The following table</span> shows Retail Prices in March and June, +1922, in respect of certain Commodities for which corresponding prices +in 1914 were not collected.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Retail Prices"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid<br /> March, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">P.O.</td> + <td class="tdclb">M.L. and L.G.</td> + <td class="tdclb">P.O.</td> + <td class="tdclb">M.L. and L.G.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" width="44%"> </td> + <td class="tdc" width="15%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="10%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="10%">d.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="10%">d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter (Irish Factory)</td> + <td class="tdr">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">21.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">21.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">22.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">20.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rice (Rangoon)</td> + <td class="tdr">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 4.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 3.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rice (Java)</td> + <td class="tdr">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Jam (Strawberry)</td> + <td class="tdr">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">15.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">15.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">15.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">15.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Pork (Shoulders)</td> + <td class="tdr">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">16.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Herrings</td> + <td class="tdr">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">26.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">25.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">25.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">23.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cod Steak</td> + <td class="tdr">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl">14.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">14.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tea (Quality most used by working classes)</td> + <td class="tdr" style="vertical-align: top;">per lb.</td> + <td class="tdclz">36.1</td> + <td class="tdclz">35.0</td> + <td class="tdclz">33.4</td> + <td class="tdclz">32.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Cabbage</td> + <td class="tdrb">per head</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 3.6</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 3.7</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 3.4</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 3.1</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>The above prices, which were used as far as possible in conjunction with +other figures to arrive at the correct increases between July, 1914, and +March and June, 1922, in respect of commodities, less specifically +described in the returns for 1914 (<i>e.g.</i>, Butter, Rice, Jam), will also +be of value in the future as an additional basis from which to calculate +the change in the cost of living.</p> + + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Notes on Retail Prices.</span></p> + +<p>(<i>a</i>) <i>Collection of Figures for 1914.</i></p> + +<p>There are obvious difficulties in the collection of figures for 1914 +after so long a lapse of time, and the accuracy of these figures may +possibly be questioned.</p> + +<p>Despite the eight years' interval, however, we believe these prices to +be reasonably accurate. The compilers of the returns were asked to get +figures in every case from the actual books kept by the shopkeepers; and +the food prices collected by us are in substantial agreement with those +collected by the Board of Trade in 1914. The latter are, as a matter of +fact, slightly higher than those collected by us, so that if they were +to be used in preference to our figures the resultant percentage +increase would be slightly lower than on the figures which we have +accepted.</p> + +<p>(<i>b</i>) <i>Comparison Restricted to Strictly Comparable Articles.</i></p> + +<p>A point to be noted is that in comparing prices at different dates it is +essential that articles of different quality should not be compared; +milk, for instance, is a simple commodity and is always comparable with +milk, but beef is a variable commodity inasmuch as sirloin beef is not +strictly comparable with shin beef; consequently special figures showing +the relative <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>consumption and average prices of the different parts of +beef, mutton and bacon were obtained on Form B3 (see Appendix), and in +these cases the prices as returned for each description of meat are +separately weighted by the average quantities purchased in order to +arrive at the ultimate average prices for "beef," "mutton," etc.</p> + +<p>As regards all other articles, it will be seen from the instructions on +the forms that pains were taken to explain that prices must only be +returned for strictly comparable articles.</p> + + +<p>(<i>c</i>) <i>Accuracy of Rent Figures.</i></p> + +<p>A point likely to give rise to criticism is the low percentage increase +shown for rent. This figure is, however, the result of comparing the +actual returns sent us by the Town Clerks and Rate Collectors, who gave +the actual name of the street and the actual number of each house, and +on the closest investigation we have no reason to doubt the accuracy of +their figures. The average weekly rents (including rates) appearing from +those returns are:—</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="40%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="rent figures"> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="45%"> </td> + <td class="tdc" width="55%">Average Weekly Rent (including Rates).</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">July,1914</td> + <td class="tdc">4s. 0d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">March, 1922</td> + <td class="tdc">5s. 2d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">June, 1922</td> + <td class="tdc">5s. 2d.</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p>(<i>d</i>) <i>Comparison of Figures received from Post Office and other +Sources.</i></p> + +<p>It will have been noted from the Table of Retail Prices given above that +on the whole there is comparatively little difference between the sets +of figures compiled by the Post Office officials and those compiled by +the Ministry of Labour and Local Government Board officials, though the +Post Office figures tend to give a somewhat higher average increase of +prices. This is brought out by the following table of the ratios of +retail prices for the main groups of commodities for the three dates:—</p> +<br /> +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="ratios"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-July,<br /> 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-March, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="28%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Food.</td> + <td class="tdcl">52.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">54.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">104.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">102.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Clothing</td> + <td class="tdcl">52.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">52.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">103.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">101.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rent (C)</td> + <td class="tdcl">78.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">78.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">100.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">100.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdcl">46.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">48.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">104.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">104.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Sundries</td> + <td class="tdclb">50.5</td> + <td class="tdclb">51.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">103.2</td> + <td class="tdclb">103.1</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> +<p>The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office.</p> + +<p>The figures B result from the returns from other Departments.</p> + +<p>The figures C were obtained from only one Department—the Local +Government Board.</p> + +<p>(In case the meaning of this table is not at once clear, it may be +explained that the first line, for instance, means that for 100s. +expended on food by the wage-earning households in June, 1922, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>exactly +the same quantities and exactly the same foods could, according to the +Post Office officials' returns, be purchased in March, 1922, for +104.8s., and in July, 1914, for 52.4s. and according to the other +returns for 102.8s. and 54.6s. respectively; and so on with the other +items).</p> + +<p>The near agreement of these figures is a strong proof of their essential +accuracy. We ultimately decided to take the average between the two sets +of figures as representing the nearest approach to the truth at which we +could arrive.</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">(B) The Collection of Household Budgets.</p> + +<p>(1) <i>Representative Budgets.</i></p> + +<p>The second stage of our enquiry was to obtain representative household +budgets, from which to compile the "weights" by which the individual +price changes might be combined into a single final figure.</p> + +<p>For this purpose a special Form was drafted (Form B6, a copy of which +appears in the Appendix) and some 5,000 of these forms were despatched +to National School teachers in every school in the country, accompanied +by detailed instructions (of which there is a copy in the Appendix) of +the method in which they were to be completed.</p> + +<p>Notwithstanding the difficulties of the time when these budgets were +called for, and the fact that a number of forms were held up and perhaps +lost in the post, we were able to use 308 completed budgets of +wage-earning households, received from 112 towns. This number was quite +sufficient for our purpose. These budgets were excellently filled in, +and, apart from the fact that such a number is in itself a fair +guarantee of the statistical results obtained, we are satisfied for +reasons given below of the substantial accuracy of the budgets.</p> + +<p>(2) <i>Wide Scope of Budgets.</i></p> + +<p>The budgets received were from a very varied class of households, and as +will be seen from the following list, embraced the principal industrial +occupations. Labourers, Fishermen, Messengers, Servants, Pilots, Barmen, +Carpenters, Boatmen, Building Contractors, Motor Boat Drivers, +Plasterers, Ship Inspector, Stone Masons, Marine Engineer, Bricklayer, +Mill-hands, Yachtman, Caretakers, Tailors, Post Office Workers, +Housekeepers, Tailoresses, Gardeners, Herds, Dress-makers, Shop +Assistants, Farm Stewards, Shoemakers, Charwomen, Dairyman, Cottage +Industries, Laundresses, Egg Packer, Milliners, Washerwomen, Fowl +Plucker, Shirtmaker, Hairdresser, Wool Sorter, Spinners, Smiths, +Woodcutters, Embroidery Workers, Fitters, Sawyers, Hosiers, +Boiler-makers, Wood-turners, Stitchers, Engineers, Body-makers, +Knitters, Plumbers, Golf Caddies, Lace-makers, Machinists, Pointers, +Road Engine Drivers, Crane-driver, Paper Maker, Motor Mechanics, +Collier, Sextons, Car Drivers, Brass-finisher, Butchers, Carters, +Bakers, Dealer, Chauffeur, Millers, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>Electrician, Tram Driver, +Confectioner, Watchmaker, Railway Workers, Painters and Saddlers, etc.</p> + +<p>(3) <i>Compilation of Budgets.</i></p> + +<p>Two methods of compiling the budgets were followed:—A simple addition +was made of the particulars of the expenditure on each item separately +recorded on each of the budgets. These particulars consisted of the +expenditure on food, sundries, and rent for one week in June, 1922; the +particulars of yearly expenditure on items of clothing, fuel and light +were reduced to a weekly average by dividing by 52, before adding. The +resulting totals gave the present average weekly expenditure on each +article, and consequently the <i>proportion</i> which the expenditure on each +article bears to the total expenditure of the average wage-earning +household.</p> + +<p>A more complex method of compilation was also adopted which should lead +to an even more accurate result.</p> + +<p>It was found by analysis of the Census figures that the proportion of +children under 14 to adults (persons over 14) is approximately as 2 to +5, and an adjustment was made to bring the budgets into conformity with +this proportion in order that they might truly represent the actual +proportions of the population of the country, the assumption being that +the percentage rise in the price of articles mainly consumed by children +might be higher or lower than the rise in the prices of articles mainly +consumed by persons over 14.</p> + +<p>The budgets were accordingly classified into three groups, viz.:—"S" or +simple households, consisting of not more than two persons over 14 +years, and with one or more children under 14 years; "C" or complex +households, consisting of more than two persons over 14 years, and with +one or more children under 14 years; and "A" or adult households, in +which there were not any persons under 14 years.</p> + +<p>It was necessary to multiply the "A" group by 3, in order to bring the +proportionate number of adults and children in the budgets with which we +were dealing into conformity with the national proportion (5 to 2). The +figures for the three groups having been totalled separately, those +obtained for the "A" group were weighted accordingly.</p> + +<p>It was found, however, that the difference between the "weights" +obtained by the first and by the second methods were so small as to be +quite negligible, as is shown by the following tables:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="increases"> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="7"><span class="smcap">Percentage increases from July, 1914, to March, 1922, as shown by +the application of Post Office Prices.</span>[A]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="14%">Budget Grouping.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Food.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Clothing.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="16%">Rent.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Fuel and Light.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Sundries.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Total for all Items.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">S+C+A</td> + <td class="tdcl">99.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">97.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">27.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">120.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">104.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">95.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">S+C+3A</td> + <td class="tdclb">99.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">97.3</td> + <td class="tdclb">27.3</td> + <td class="tdclb">124.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">104.1</td> + <td class="tdclb">95.7</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="increases"> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="7"><span class="smcap">Percentage increases from July, 1914, to + March, 1922, as shown by the application of Ministry of Labour and Ministry of + Local Government Prices.</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="14%">Budget Grouping.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Food.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Clothing.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="16%">Rent.[A]</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Fuel and Light.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Sundries.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="14%">Total for all Items.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">S+C+A</td> + <td class="tdcl">88.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">91.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">27.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">116.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">97.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">86.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">S+C+3A</td> + <td class="tdclb">88.3</td> + <td class="tdclb">92.0</td> + <td class="tdclb">27.3</td> + <td class="tdclb">117.2</td> + <td class="tdclb">96.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">87.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="7">[A: Figures obtained for Local Government Board only.]</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>It may be mentioned here that if weights are obtained for the "S" group +of households only, <i>i.e.</i>, for an average of two adults, and 3.5 +children, the final increase in the cost of living figures would be 91.2 +for March, 1922, and 84.6 for June, 1922, <i>i.e.</i>, practically identical +with the figures obtained by "weighting" in accordance with all the +budgets.</p> + +<p>(4) <i>Table of Weights.</i></p> + +<p>The following Table shows the actual Irish "weights," representing the +proportionate expenditure by the average wage-earning household on the +various commodities, as compiled from the budgets received.</p> + +<p>The actual Irish weights or proportions of expenditure on each item are +as follow:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Irish Weights"> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb">Total expenditure</td> + <td class="tdrb">100 </td> + <td class="tdcb">Food</td> + <td class="tdrb">57.05</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="40%">Beef</td> + <td class="tdrp" width="10%">5.18</td> + <td class="tdl" width="40%">Flour</td> + <td class="tdr" width="10%">3.70</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Mutton</td> + <td class="tdrp">2.94</td> + <td class="tdl">Oatmeal, etc.</td> + <td class="tdr">.97</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Pork</td> + <td class="tdrp">.63</td> + <td class="tdl">Rice, Sago, etc.</td> + <td class="tdr">.45</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sausages, Black Puddings, etc.</td> + <td class="tdrp">.82</td> + <td class="tdl">Potatoes</td> + <td class="tdr">3.16</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bacon, Pigs' Heads, etc.</td> + <td class="tdrp">5.23</td> + <td class="tdl">Other Vegetables</td> + <td class="tdr">1.33</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Fish</td> + <td class="tdrp">.61</td> + <td class="tdl">Tea</td> + <td class="tdr">3.80</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cured or Tinned Fish</td> + <td class="tdrp">.16</td> + <td class="tdl">Sugar</td> + <td class="tdr">3.24</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter</td> + <td class="tdrp">6.91</td> + <td class="tdl">Jam</td> + <td class="tdr">1.12</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cheese</td> + <td class="tdrp">.26</td> + <td class="tdl">Other Food</td> + <td class="tdr">.95</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Margarine</td> + <td class="tdrp">.18</td> + <td class="tdl">Meals eaten at Shops,</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Lard</td> + <td class="tdrp">.25</td> + <td class="tdl"> Hotels, etc.</td> + <td class="tdr">.70</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Milk</td> + <td class="tdrp">4.56</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Condensed Milk</td> + <td class="tdrp">.09</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdr" style="text-decoration: underline;"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Eggs</td> + <td class="tdrp">3.44</td> + <td class="tdl">Total Food</td> + <td class="tdr">57.05</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Bread</td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">6.37</td> + <td class="tdlb"> </td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdrb"><span class="smcap">Clothing</span></td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> 17.48</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"><i>Women's</i>:—</td> + <td class="tdrp"> </td> + <td class="tdl"><i>Girls'</i> (over 6):—</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Coats</td> + <td class="tdrp">.69</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Hats</td> + <td class="tdrp">.37</td> + <td class="tdl"> Coats</td> + <td class="tdr">.50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Costumes</td> + <td class="tdrp">1.09</td> + <td class="tdl"> Hats</td> + <td class="tdr">.23</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Blouses</td> + <td class="tdrp">.39</td> + <td class="tdl"> Dresses</td> + <td class="tdr"> .69</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Skirts</td> + <td class="tdrp">.21</td> + <td class="tdl"> Stockings</td> + <td class="tdr">.20</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Stockings</td> + <td class="tdrp">.24</td> + <td class="tdl"> Combinations</td> + <td class="tdr"> .13</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Combinations</td> + <td class="tdrp">.15</td> + <td class="tdl"> Stays</td> + <td class="tdr">.11</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Corsets</td> + <td class="tdrp">.19</td> + <td class="tdl"> Petticoats</td> + <td class="tdr">.15</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Underskirts</td> + <td class="tdrp">.18</td> + <td class="tdl"> Chemises</td> + <td class="tdr">.13</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Chemises</td> + <td class="tdrp">.19</td> + <td class="tdl"> Boots and Shoes</td> + <td class="tdr">.71</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Boots and Shoes</td> + <td class="tdrp">.92</td> + <td class="tdl"> Other Clothing</td> + <td class="tdr">.19</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Other Clothing</td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">.27</td> + <td class="tdlb"> </td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span><i>Men's</i>:— +</td> + <td class="tdrp"> </td> + <td class="tdl"><i>Boys'</i> (over 6):—</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Overcoats</td> + <td class="tdrp">.83</td> + <td class="tdl"> Overcoats</td> + <td class="tdr">.27</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Suits</td> + <td class="tdrp">2.60</td> + <td class="tdl"> Suits</td> + <td class="tdr">.83</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Hats</td> + <td class="tdrp">.38</td> + <td class="tdl"> Caps</td> + <td class="tdr">.07</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Singlets</td> + <td class="tdrp">.30</td> + <td class="tdl"> Shirts</td> + <td class="tdr">.17</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Drawers</td> + <td class="tdrp">.30</td> + <td class="tdl"> Stockings</td> + <td class="tdr">.12</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Shirts</td> + <td class="tdrp">.55</td> + <td class="tdl"> Boots and Shoes</td> + <td class="tdr">.56</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Socks</td> + <td class="tdrp">.32</td> + <td class="tdl"> Other Clothing</td> + <td class="tdr">.13</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Boots and Shoes</td> + <td class="tdrp">1.33</td> + <td class="tdl"><i>Children</i> (under 6):—</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Other Clothing</td> + <td class="tdrp">.34</td> + <td class="tdl"> Clothes, Boots, etc.</td> + <td class="tdr" style="text-decoration: underline;"> .45</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> </td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> Total Clothing</td> + <td class="tdrb">17.48</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdrb">Rent</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> 5.41</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdrb">Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> 7.04</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Coal</td> + <td class="tdrp">3.14</td> + <td class="tdl">Electricity for Cooking</td> + <td class="tdr">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Turf</td> + <td class="tdrp">1.79</td> + <td class="tdl">Candles</td> + <td class="tdr">.33</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Firewood</td> + <td class="tdrp">.34</td> + <td class="tdl">Paraffin Oil</td> + <td class="tdr">.67</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gas for Lighting</td> + <td class="tdrp">.40</td> + <td class="tdl">Other Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdr" style="text-decoration: underline;"> .05</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gas for Cooking, etc.</td> + <td class="tdrp">.29</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Electricity for lighting</td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">.03</td> + <td class="tdlb"> Total Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdrb">7.04</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdrb">Sundries</td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> 13.02</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Soap</td> + <td class="tdrp">1.12</td> + <td class="tdl">Other Sundries</td> + <td class="tdr" style="text-decoration: underline;"> 8.41</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Pipe Tobacco</td> + <td class="tdrp">2.11</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Cigarettes</td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">1.38</td> + <td class="tdlb"> Total Sundries</td> + <td class="tdrb">13.02</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdrb">Total Expenditures</td> + <td class="tdrp" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> 100.0</td> + <td class="tdrb"> </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Notes on the Budgets.</span></p> + +<p>(a) <i>Reliability of Budgets. Tests.</i></p> + +<p>As a test of the reliability of the budget returns several sets were +taken at random and were arranged in two groups having a common factor +of approximately equal numbers of persons and equal total income. It was +found on addition that the proportion of total expenditure spent on each +description of food, clothing, etc., was approximately the same in each +family and income group. Thus we treated the first 30 budgets from +households with small and large incomes in this manner, dividing them so +that each lot of 15 would have about the same number of persons and the +same income. The selection was made without any reference whatever to +expenditure, and the following were the results:—</p> + +<p class="cen smcap">Percentage Expenditure.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="40%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="percentage expenditures"> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="38%"> </td> + <td class="tdc" width="31%">1st Lot<br /> of 15.</td> + <td class="tdc" width="31%">2nd Lot<br /> of 15.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Food</td> + <td class="tdc">54.3</td> + <td class="tdc">53.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Clothing</td> + <td class="tdc">20.9</td> + <td class="tdc">20.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rent</td> + <td class="tdc"> 6.6</td> + <td class="tdc"> 6.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdc"> 6.7</td> + <td class="tdc"> 6.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sundries</td> + <td class="tdc">11.5</td> + <td class="tdc">13.1</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span><span class="smcap">Numbers in the Household.</span></p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="40%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Numbers"> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="60%">Under 4</td> + <td class="tdc" width="20%"> 8</td> + <td class="tdc" width="20%"> 3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">4 to 13</td> + <td class="tdc">30</td> + <td class="tdc">31</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">14 and over</td> + <td class="tdc" style="text-decoration: underline;">57</td> + <td class="tdc" style="text-decoration: underline;">59</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Total</td> + <td class="tdc">95</td> + <td class="tdc">93</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Total Weekly Incomes</td> + <td class="tdc">1597s.</td> + <td class="tdc">1543s.</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> +<p><i>The Household Budgets in the "S" Group were separately tested and the +following results were obtained:—</i></p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="household budgets"> + <tr> + <td class="tdlt"> </td> + <td class="tdctl" colspan="5"><span class="smcap">Income of Household.</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="40%">Proportion of Expenditure under each of the following + sub-divisions:—</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="12%">Under £3</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="12%">£3</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="12%">£4</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="12%">£5</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="12%">£6 upwards</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Food</td> + <td class="tdcl">61.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">60.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">56.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">48.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">41.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Clothing</td> + <td class="tdcl">15.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">13.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">19.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Rent</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">12.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 9.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Sundries</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 9.2</td> + <td class="tdclb">11.7</td> + <td class="tdclb">12.1</td> + <td class="tdclb">15.7</td> + <td class="tdclb">19.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Total</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p>This test showed that the budgets we used conformed with common +experience, and is, therefore, evidence of their reliability.</p> + + +<p>(<i>b</i>) <i>Comparison of English and Irish Weights.</i></p> + +<p>The weights used in England in compiling the British index figure were +compiled from budgets collected as long ago as 1904. These show a +pre-war standard of living and the final index figure shows the +percentage increase in expenditure necessary to maintain that precise +standard of living absolutely unchanged at the present day.</p> + +<p>We were not in possession of any Irish figures by which the pre-war +standard of living could be accurately measured, and it was accordingly +necessary for us to obtain budgets showing the present standard of +living. Our final index figure therefore shows the percentage increase +in expenditure which would have been necessary to maintain the present +standard of living absolutely unchanged from July, 1914, to the present +day.</p> + +<p>It has been seen that according to the figures compiled by us, 57.1s. +out of every 100s. is spent on food in Irish wage-earning class +households; 17.5s. on clothing, and so on, and it is of interest to +compare these "weights" with the corresponding figures <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>calculated by +the English Ministry of Labour from the "United Kingdom" Budgets of +1904, which relate to the pre-war "United Kingdom" Standard of Living +and which are still in use in England.</p> + +<p>The following table shows the proportion of each 100s. spent by +Wage-Earning Class Households which is spent on (1) Food, (2) Clothing, +(3) Rent, (4) Fuel and Light, and (5) Sundries:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="85%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="proportions"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" rowspan="2">Class of Commodity.</td> + <td class="tdctlb smcap" colspan="2">In Ireland.</td> + <td class="tdctlb smcap" colspan="2">In "United Kingdom."</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdclb">In June, 1922, as calculated from the Committee's Budgets.</td> + <td class="tdclb">In July, 1914, as calculated from the previous column by price changes.</td> + <td class="tdclb">In July, 1914, as calculated from 1904 Budgets.</td> + <td class="tdclb">In July, 1922, as calculated from 1904 Budgets by price changes.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="22%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="20%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="20%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="18%">C.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="20%">D.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(1) Food</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 57.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 56.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 60</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 58.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(2) Clothing</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 17.5</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 17.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 12</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 15.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(3) Rent</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.4</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 16</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 13.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(4) Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 6.6</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 8.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(5) Sundries</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 13.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 12.3</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 4</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 4.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">100.0</td> + <td class="tdclb">100.0</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100.0</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>It should be explained that the method of arriving at Columns B and D is +as follows:—</p> + +<p>The amounts of the various commodities consumed, as shown in the table +compiled from the budgets, are left unchanged, but the prices are +altered according to the prices ruling at the date under consideration, +<i>i.e.</i>, Column B shows the proportion of expenditure in 1914 on the +various classes of commodities had the 1914 standard been precisely the +same as the present day standard.</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">(C) Compilation of the Final Figure.</p> + +<p>We were now in possession of the retail prices of the individual +commodities at the different dates, and of the weights obtained from the +summarisation of the household budgets, and these prices and weights for +the main groups of articles are set out in the subjoined table:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="final figures"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-March, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-June, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb">Irish Weights (see last par.).</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="23%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="11%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Food</td> + <td class="tdcl">52.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">54.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">104.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">102.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">57.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Clothing</td> + <td class="tdcl">52.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">52.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">103.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">101.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">17.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rent (C)</td> + <td class="tdcl">78.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">78.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">100.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">100.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdcl">46.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">48.1</td> + <td class="tdcl">104.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">104.4</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl">100</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 7.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Sundries</td> + <td class="tdclb">50.5</td> + <td class="tdclb">51.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">103.2</td> + <td class="tdclb">103.1</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">13.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="8"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="8">The figures B result from the returns from other Departments.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="8">The figures C were obtained from only one Department—the Local Government Board.</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>It now only remained for us to compile the final figure.</p> + +<p>This was ascertained by multiplying the ratio prices of the various +commodities by the "weights" appropriate to those commodities (<i>i.e.</i>, +by multiplying the figures in the first six columns of the table above +by the figures in the final column).</p> + +<p>The following table gives the result so obtained:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="ratios"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-March,1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="28%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Food</td> + <td class="tdcl">2992.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">3117.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5984.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5869.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5710.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 5710.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Clothing</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 922.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 925.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1818.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1779.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1750.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 1750.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rent (C)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 426.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 426.1</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 542.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 542.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 540.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 540.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 326.2</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 336.7</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 730.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 730.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 700.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 700.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sundries</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 657.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 674.7</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 1341.6</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 1327.3</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 1300.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 1300.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Total</td> + <td class="tdclb">5232.6</td> + <td class="tdclb">5480.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">10416.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">10249.9</td> + <td class="tdclb">10000.0</td> + <td class="tdclb">10000.0</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>Then, taking the prices in July, 1914, as the standard and representing +them by the figure of 100 we get the final percentage table.</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="percentage table"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-March,1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Mid-June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" width="28%">As Per Cent. of</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="12%">B.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">100</td> + <td class="tdclb">195.7</td> + <td class="tdclb">187.0</td> + <td class="tdclb">187.8</td> + <td class="tdclb">182.5</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>The following table shows the percentage changes so obtained for the +main groups of commodities:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="percentage changes"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">March 1922 over July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">June 1922 over<br /> July 1914.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb" width="28%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdclb" width="12%">B.</td> + <td class="tdclb" width="12%">A.</td> + <td class="tdclb" width="12%">B.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Food</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 99.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 88.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 90.8</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 83.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Clothing</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 97.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 92.0</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 89.9</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 88.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rent (C)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 27.3</td> + <td class="tdcl"> 27.3</td> + <td class="tdcl">26.8</td> + <td class="tdcl">26.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdcl">124.9</td> + <td class="tdcl">117.2</td> + <td class="tdcl">114.6</td> + <td class="tdcl">108.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sundries</td> + <td class="tdclb">104.1</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 96.9</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 97.8</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 92.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"><span class="smcap">All Items</span></td> + <td class="tdclb"> 95.7</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 87.0</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 87.8</td> + <td class="tdclb"> 82.5</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>The figures in column marked "A" as before were obtained from the prices +collected by Post Office officials, and those marked "B" from prices +collected by officials of the Ministry of Labour and Local Government +Board.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>By taking the mean of "A" and "B" for March and for June, 1922, the +final figures showing the increases in the Cost of Living are +obtained:—</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="50%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Cost of Living Increases"> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="50%">Mid-March, 1922,<br /> over July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdl" width="50%">Mid-June, 1922,<br /> over July, 1914.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"><b>91.4</b> per cent.</td> + <td class="tdl"><b>85.2</b> per cent.</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p><b>and these are the final figures which we recommend the Government to +adopt.</b></p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Notes on the Compilation.</span></p> + + +<p>(<i>a</i>) <i>Comparison of Post Office, Ministry of Labour and Local +Government Board Figures.</i></p> + +<p>The close similarity between the figures supplied by the various +Departments can perhaps be most clearly seen in a different tabular +form.</p> + +<p>For every 100 shillings spent by wage-earning classes in July, 1914, the +following would be the corresponding amounts (as shown by the different +returns) which would have to be spent in order to maintain the same +standard of living in March and June, 1922.</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="standard of living"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="20%"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="16%"><br /><br />Post Office<br /><br /> (<i>a</i>)</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="16%">Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Local Govt. (<i>b</i>)</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="16%"><br />Mean of columns (<i>a</i>) and (<i>b</i>).<br /> (<i>c</i>)</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="16%">Deviation of (<i>a</i>) and (<i>b</i>) from the mean.<br /></td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="16%">Deviation<br /> as a percentage of column (<i>c</i>).</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">March, 1922</td> + <td class="tdcl">195.7</td> + <td class="tdcl">187.0</td> + <td class="tdcl">191.35</td> + <td class="tdcl">4.35</td> + <td class="tdcl">2.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">June, 1922</td> + <td class="tdclb">187.8</td> + <td class="tdclb">182.5</td> + <td class="tdclb">185.15</td> + <td class="tdclb">2.65</td> + <td class="tdclb">1.4</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>The last column shows that in general the difference between Post +Office, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Local Government was 2.3 per +cent. of the mean for prices returned for March, 1922, and 1.4 per cent. +of the mean for prices returned for June, 1922—surely a small +difference considering the instability of prices.</p> + +<p>(<i>b</i>) <i>Sundries.</i></p> + +<p>A point of some importance is the following:—</p> + +<p>In the British budgets only items of which the price changes could be +accurately measured are understood to have been included.</p> + +<p>In our Summary all "Sundries" shown in the budgets are included. But as +the price change of only about one-third of them could be directly +measured it was assumed that the change in the level of the prices of +the remaining sundries varied in the same proportion as the change in +the other four groups combined.</p> +<br /> + +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +<p class="cen">(D) Results of Different Weighting.</p> + +<p>Calculations were also made whereby a final figure could be arrived at +by different methods, and the following table shows results obtained:—</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Percentage Increases arising by using British Weights.</span></p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="British Weights"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><span class="smcap">Different Methods.</span></td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">Percentage Increase in Cost of Living in Ireland.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdclb">July 1914 to<br /> March 1922.</td> + <td class="tdclb" width="18%">July 1914 to<br /> June 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" width="6%" style="vertical-align: top;">(<i>a</i>)</td> + <td class="tdl" width="58%">By applying British Weights in 1914 to the + Committee's Irish Prices of all commodities in 1914 and 1922 the percentage + increase in the Cost of Living would be</td> + <td class="tdcly" width="18%">84.8</td> + <td class="tdcly" width="18%">80.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" style="vertical-align: top;">(<i>b</i>)</td> + <td class="tdl">Taking Irish Prices for Food in 1914 as collected by the British + Board of Trade, but the Committee's Prices for all other commodities in 1914 and + all commodities in 1922 the increase would be</td> + <td class="tdcly">76.6</td> + <td class="tdcly">71.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb" style="vertical-align: top;">(<i>c</i>)</td> + <td class="tdlb">Taking British Prices for food in the "United Kingdom" in 1914, + but the Committee's Prices for all other commodities in 1914 and all commodities + in 1922 the increase would be</td> + <td class="tdclby">72.1</td> + <td class="tdclby">67.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb" colspan="2">Prices obtained entirely on Irish weights and prices, + and recommended for adoption are</td> + <td class="tdclby">91.4</td> + <td class="tdclby">85.2</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>As regards this table it should, however, be pointed out that the +commodities selected by us are not in all respects identical with those +selected by the British authorities and that the application of the +weights, although broadly speaking correct, could not be accurate in +every detail.</p> + +<p>It only remains for us to express our gratitude for all the assistance +given to us by the officials of the Departments already mentioned and by +the staff assisting in the actual compilation. Our thanks are especially +due to Mr. C. J. Barry, of the Department of Agriculture and Technical +Instruction and to the National School teachers who furnished such +excellent budgets.</p> + +<p class="right"> +<span style="padding-right: 7%;">(Signed) + <span class="smcap">John Hooper</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap" style="padding-right: 12%;">T. K. Bewley.</span><br /> +<span style="padding-right: 8%;"><i>T. Mac Giolla Padraiᵹ.</i></span><br /> +<span class="smcap" style="padding-right: 11%;">Stanley Lyon.</span><br /></p> +<p><i>4th August, 1922.</i><br /></p> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +<br /> + +<hr /> +<br /> +<h2>APPENDIX.</h2> +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">Form A.</p> +<br /> +<p class="cen">DIRECTIONS.</p> +<br /> + +<p>1. All prices should be quoted in pence, and should be cash prices at +the shop (not delivered).</p> + +<p>2. Please note the quantity mentioned in the first column in each case, +and let your figures correspond.</p> + +<p>3. If actual prices paid for any item are not available—leave space +blank. <i>Do not estimate.</i></p> + +<p>4. The figures quoted for the month of March, 1922, should be those +prevailing on the date on which you fill up the form.</p> + +<p>5. In the column headed "Observations," please furnish any particulars +concerning the retail prices of food in your district, which, in your +opinion are worthy of observation.</p> + +<p>6. Fill in on the back page of the form particulars of the sources from +which information as to the prices of the commodity has been obtained, +for example:—</p> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Directions"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="17%"><span class="smcap">Commodity.</span></td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="43%"><span class="smcap">Source.</span></td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="40%"><span class="smcap">Nature.</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter</td> + <td class="tdll">John Macken, Main Street</td> + <td class="tdll">Large Shop—Day Book</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Eggs</td> + <td class="tdll">Personal knowledge</td> + <td class="tdll">Direct Country supply</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Eggs</td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Mrs. O'Kane, Dublin Road</td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Household Pass Book</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p>7. The figures representing the majority of the sales are the figures +required. Exceptional prices are of no value.</p> + +<p>8. In every case you should check your information, whether given of +your knowledge or after investigation by enquiry from more than one +source.</p> +<br /> + +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span><p class="noin">RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN FOOD COMMODITIES IN _________________________<br /> +<span class="leftsig">AT UNDERMENTIONED DATES.</span> <span class="rightsig">(City, Town, or District).</span></p> +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Form A"> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN FOOD COMMODITIES IN</td> + <td class="tdr" colspan="5">_____________________________</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5">AT UNDERMENTION DATES.</td> + <td class="tdr" colspan="6">(City, Town, or District).</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb smcap" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Commodity.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="4">1913</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">1914</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">1922</td> + <td class="tdctlb" rowspan="2">Observations.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdclb">Jan.</td> + <td class="tdclb">April</td> + <td class="tdclb">July</td> + <td class="tdclb">Oct.</td> + <td class="tdclb">Feb.</td> + <td class="tdclb">July</td> + <td class="tdclb">Feb.</td> + <td class="tdclb">Mar.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="45%">Beef (Irish).</td> + <td class="tdr" width="5%">per</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="5%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="10%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Best cuts</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Second parts</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Rough meat</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Mutton (Irish).</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Best cuts</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Second parts</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Rough meat</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bacon.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Smoked (piece)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Smoked (rashers)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Unsmoked (piece)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Unsmoked (rashers)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Shoulder (piece)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Shoulder (rashers)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> American (piece)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> American (rashers)</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Pork.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Chops</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Steaks</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Puddings</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sausages.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Beef</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Pork</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> "Limerick"</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Lard</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Dripping</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter.</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Irish Creamery</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Irish farmer's</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> New Zealand</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Danish</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Margarine</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> First Grade</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Second Grade</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Third Grade.</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cheese (give brand or other description).</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Eggs.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> First Grade</td> + <td class="tdr">doz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Second Grade</td> + <td class="tdr">doz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Third Grade</td> + <td class="tdr">doz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Milk.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Fresh</td> + <td class="tdr">quart</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Buttermilk</td> + <td class="tdr">quart</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Skim Milk</td> + <td class="tdr">quart</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tinned Milk.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Irish (give size of tin)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Imported (give size of tin)</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bread (per 2-lb. loaf)</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Flour.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Household</td> + <td class="tdr">stone</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Household per sack of ___</td> + <td class="tdr">stones</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Best American per sack of ___</td> + <td class="tdr">stones</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Meal.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Oaten</td> + <td class="tdr">stone</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Wheaten</td> + <td class="tdr">stone</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Indian</td> + <td class="tdr">stone</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rice</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Potatoes</td> + <td class="tdr">stone</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sugar, White granulated</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tea</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Best quality</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Cheapest quality</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Coffee, Ground</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cocoa.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Shell</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Tinned</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Jam, Irish (give name of kind in most demand).</td> + <td class="tdrb"></td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Please add any information available as to prices of the following + commodities, giving description of each item:—</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Fish</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Vegetables</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Poultry</td> + <td class="tdr">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Fruit</td> + <td class="tdrb">lb.</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="4"> </td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"><i>Signature</i></td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5">_____________________________</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6"> </td> + <td class="tdl"><i>Date</i></td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="4">_________________________</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">Form A—CONTINUED</p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Form A continued"> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3"><span class="smcap">Particulars of Sources</span> from which information has been +obtained:—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="25%"><span class="smcap">Commodity.</span></td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="37%"><span class="smcap">Source.</span></td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="38%"><span class="smcap">Nature</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Beef</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Mutton</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bacon</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Pork</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sausages</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Lard</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Dripping</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Margarine</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cheese</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Eggs</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Milk</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tinned Milk</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bread</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Flour</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Meal</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rice</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Potatoes</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sugar</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tea</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Coffee</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cocoa</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Jam</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fish</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Vegetables</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Poultry</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Fruit</td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> </td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<br /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +<p class="cen">Form B 1.</p> + +<p class="cen">INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING IN SPECIAL FORMS FOR RETAIL PRICES.</p> + +<p>(1) The necessary inquiries for filling up these forms should be made +immediately.</p> + +<p>(2) The returns duly completed should be posted so as to reach this +Office <i>not later than Thursday, 22nd June</i>. Please do your utmost to +post them as early as possible.</p> + +<p>(3) Get the information from the shops most frequented by the +wage-earning classes. Prices representing the kind, quality, etc., on +which these classes spend most money are the prices required.</p> + +<p>(4) Please note the quantity for which the prices of each commodity are +to be quoted.</p> + +<p>(5) All prices on Forms B 2 and B 3 should be quoted in pence (but +correct to farthings)—thus Sugar 5-3/4d. per lb.</p> + +<p>(6) Give actual prices. If you cannot get them leave blanks; do not give +estimates or averages. For prices for the dates prior to June, 1922, get +the Shopkeepers to look up their books.</p> + +<p>(7) All prices should be cash prices at the shop (<i>not delivered</i>) they +should represent the majority of sales and they should be checked by +inquiry from more than one source.</p> + +<p>(8) (<i>a</i>) Get prices in all cases from Shopkeepers, giving on each Form +the names and full postal addresses of those who supplied the +information for that Form.</p> + +<p>(<i>b</i>) Give exact descriptions of beef, mutton, etc., where you are asked +to do this on the Form.</p> + +<p>(9) Give on the space provided on each Form any explanations or +observations which you think would be helpful.</p> +<br /> + +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span><p class="cen">Form B 2.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Form B 2"> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="7">RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="7">in ________________________(<i>Parish</i> of + ________________________(<i>City, Town, or District</i>).</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="7">[<i>Prices to be correct to the nearest farthing.</i>]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb smcap" width="35%">Commodity.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="12%">Per</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="5%">Mid-<br />Mar., 1922</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="5%">Mid-<br />June, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb smcap" width="30%">Commodity.[B]</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="8%">Per</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="5%">Mid-<br />June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"><i>d.</i></td> + <td class="tdcl"><i>d.</i></td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"><i>d.</i></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Butter, Irish Factory</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Pork Chops</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cheese, Golden Spray[A]</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Pork Sausages</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Condensed Milk, Irish full Cream</td> + <td class="tdclz">1 lb. tin</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdllz">Lard</td> + <td class="tdclz">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Condensed Milk, Nestle's</td> + <td class="tdcl">1 lb. tin</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Buter, Irish Creamery</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rice, Rangoon</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Butter, Irish Farmer's</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Rice, Java</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Margarine, First Grade</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Jam, Strawberry</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Margarine, Second Grade</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fresh Pork, Shoulders</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Eggs, First Grade</td> + <td class="tdcl">doz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fish—Red Herrings</td> + <td class="tdcl">doz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Milk, Fresh</td> + <td class="tdcl">Quart</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fish—Fresh Herrings</td> + <td class="tdcl">doz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Bread (2 lb.)</td> + <td class="tdcl">loaf</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" style="vertical-align: top;">Fish—Cod Steak</td> + <td class="tdclz">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdllz">Flour, Household</td> + <td class="tdclz">14 lbs.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tea (quality most used by working classes).</td> + <td class="tdclz">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdllz">Oatmeal</td> + <td class="tdcl">14 lbs.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Cabbage</td> + <td class="tdclz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">head</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdllz">Potatoes, Old</td> + <td class="tdcl">14 lbs.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Sugar, white granulated</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Soap, Household (bar)</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Tea, Best Quality</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Candles</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Tea, Cheapest Quality</td> + <td class="tdclb">lb.</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Paraffin Oil</td> + <td class="tdcl">gal.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl smcap" colspan="3">Observations.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz">Coal</td> + <td class="tdcl">112 lbs.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz">Turf[A]</td> + <td class="tdcl">112 lbs.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gas for lighting[A]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gas for cooking, &c.[A]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Electricity for lighting[A]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Electricity for cooking, &c.[A]</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> </td> + <td class="tdlb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="7">[A: <span class="smcap">Special Instructions.</span>—(<i>a</i>) <i>Cheese</i>, <i>Golden + Spray.</i>—If this kind of Cheese is not sold, strike out last two words, + insert kind most usually sold to working classes, and give prices. (<i>b</i>) + <i>Turf.</i>—Note, price is asked for per 112 lbs. State on back of this + form how it is sold in your Parish, and give number of sods, creels, etc., + to the 112 lbs. (<i>c</i>) <i>Gas and Electricity.</i>—Insert the quantity + which you are pricing, and state any "observations" (on the front or back + of this form) which will help in compiling uniform quotations for the + different parts of Ireland.]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="7"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="7">[B: <span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Prices for Mid-June, 1922, only are required for these + particular commodities.]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr" colspan="3"><i>Date</i>_________________</td> + <td class="tdc"> </td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3">(<i>Signature</i>)_________________________</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span><b>Form B 2</b>—CONTINUED.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Form B 2 continued"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb smcap" width="32%">Commodity.</td> + <td class="tdltlb" width="36%">Name and full postal address of shopkeeper of Firm + from whom the information was obtained.</td> + <td class="tdctlb smcap" width="32%">Observations.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> {1} Butter</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (2) Cheese</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (3) Condensed Milk</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (4) Margarine</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (5) Lard</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (6) Sausages</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (7) Fresh Pork</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (8) Tea</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (9) Sugar</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(10) Jam</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(11) Rice</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(12) Oatmeal</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(13) Flour</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(14) Bread</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(15) Eggs</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(16) Milk, fresh</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(17) Potatoes</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(18) Cabbage</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(19) Fish</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(20) Soap</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(21) Candles</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(22) Oil</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(23) Coal</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(24) Turf</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(25) Gas</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">(26) Electricity</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>Form B 3.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Form B 3"> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="2">RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc" colspan="2">in ___________________(Parish) + of ___________________(City, Town or District).</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdct" width="50%">PRICES.</td> + <td class="tdcl" style="border-top: .5pt black solid;" width="50%">ESTIMATED WEIGHTS.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Insert under <i>Beef</i> the exact description (e.g., "round steak," + "stewing beef," "rib steak," "corned brisket," "shoulder," "liver," etc., or + whatever is the exact description) of each of the six parts, kinds, etc., on which + the <i>working classes</i> at present spend most <i>money</i>, naming the parts in + the order of their importance from this point of view. Please insert prices + opposite each description. Similarly, in the case of <i>Mutton</i> insert the + exact description of the four parts, kinds, etc., in the order of their money + importance to the working classes, entering the exact price opposite each. Again, + under <i>Bacon, etc.</i>, insert the exact description (e.g., "Irish shoulder + rashers," "Irish bacon, back piece," "American bacon, shoulder piece," "Pigs' + heads," "American Gams," etc., or whatever is the exact description) of each of + the six parts, kinds, cuts, etc., of cured pigs on which the <i>working classes</i> + at present spend most <i>money</i>, naming the parts in or of their importance + from this point of view. Enter the exact prices opposite each description.<br /> + Do not estimate prices. As regards Mid-March, shopkeeper's + books should be referred to in each case.</td> + <td class="tdllz" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">On each blank line below insert the same description as you have + already inserted on the same line in the lefthand column, then insert below the + best estimates of comparative weights which you can get from the shopkeeper.<br /> + That is to say, for every 10 <i>lbs.</i> of that part, + kind, cut, etc., on which the working classes spend most <i>money</i>, insert + below the approximate <i>weight</i> of each of the other descriptions (2), (3), + etc., purchased by the working classes.<br /> + Do not estimate prices. As regards Mid-March, shopkeeper's books + should be referred to in each case.</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Form B 3 continued"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="25%">BEEF, per lb.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="15%">Mid-March, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="15%">Mid-June, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="25%">BEEF.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="20%">Weights.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(1)</td> + <td class="tdcl">10 lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(3)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(3)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(4)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(4)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(5)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(5)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(6)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(6)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>MUTTON, per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">MUTTON.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(3)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(3)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(4)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(4)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">BACON, &c., per lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">BACON, etc.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(3)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(3)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(4)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(4)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(5)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(5)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">(6)</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">(6)</td> + <td class="tdclb"> lb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5"> The working-class families in + this district spend about _____ shillings on Mutton for every 10 shillings spent + on Beef.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5"> For every 10s. which the working + classes spend on butchers' meat (beef and mutton) how much do they spend on bacon + and other pig-meat (including sausages)? ____________</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3">Signature_____________________</td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Date ___ June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5"><i>Source of Information</i>___________________________</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5"><i>Observations</i>____________________________________</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>Form B 4.</p> + +<p class="cen">CLOTHING OF WAGE-EARNING CLASSES.</p> + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Retail Prices in</span> ___________________________</p> + +<p>The prices for 1914 must refer to exactly the same type and quality of +articles as for 1922, which must be of a description in general demand +amongst wage-earning classes in 1922. In all cases of clothing it is the +ready-made article that should be priced, except as regards men's suits, +men's trousers and men's overcoats, for which two sets of prices, (1) +ready-made, (2) tailor-made, should be given.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Clothing prices"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="37%">Articles.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="35%">State Material and exact Description.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="10%">—</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">Mar., 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(A). Men's.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Suits (1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Suits (2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Trousers (1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Trousers (2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Overcoats (1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Overcoats (2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Singlets</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Drawers</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Shirts</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Socks</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Boots</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">pair</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(B). Boys aged about 12.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Suits</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Overcoats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Shirts</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Stockings</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Boots</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">pair</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(C). Women's.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Light Coats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Heavy Coats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Costumes</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Blouses</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Skirts</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Stockings</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Combinations</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Corsets</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Underskirts</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Chemises</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Boots</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">pair</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(D). Girls aged about 12</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Coats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Dresses</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Stockings</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Combinations</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">pair</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Stays</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Petticoats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> Chemises</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">each</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> Boots</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">pair</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">Form B 4—CONTINUED</p> + +<p>(E).—<span class="smcap">Materials</span> purchased by Wage-earning Classes (same kind and quality +at each date).</p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Materials"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="37%">Materials.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="35%">Exact Description,<br /> Width, &c.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="10%">Per</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">Mar., 1922.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Woollen Yarn</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Calico</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">yard</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cotton</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">yard</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Flannel</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">yard</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Flannelette</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">yard</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Serge</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">yard</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Tweed</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">yard</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Print</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">yard</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="noin">(F).—Names and full postal addresses of shopkeepers, firms, &c., from whom +information on this Form B. 4 was obtained.</p> +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="noin">(G).—Observations.</p> +<br /> +<br /> +<p class="noin"><i>Signature</i> _______________________________</p> + +<p class="noin"><i>Date</i> ______________________</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>Form B 5.</p> + +<p><i>This Form should be returned by the day of June, 1922.</i></p> + +<p class="cen">REPRESENTATIVE RENTS PAID BY WAGE-EARNING CLASSES IN _______________</p> + +<p class="cen">I.—WHOLE HOUSE OCCUPIED BY ONE FAMILY.</p> + +<p>I.—The houses referred to below should be representative of +wage-earning class dwellings in as many different districts as possible. +Houses owned by the Local Authority should be indicated by an asterisk +placed after the postal number; such houses should only form their due +proportion of the number mentioned below since the Return is required to +show the true average change in rents in all wage-earning class houses. +<i>Rents of actual houses should be given: different rents are not to be +averaged</i>.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Rents"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" rowspan="2">Name of Street.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" rowspan="2">Postal[A] No. or Nos. of houses.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" rowspan="2">No. of rooms in each house.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="6">Annual Rent[B]<br />(including rates) of each house.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="6">Annual Rates on each house.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="6">P.L. Valuation of each house.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">Mar., 1922.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">June, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">Mar., 1922.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">June, 1922.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">Mar., 1922.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="12%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%">s.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="12%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="12%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="12%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="12%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="12%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="4%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb" width="12%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="8%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + <td class="tdclb" width="4%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="21">[A. Owned by the Local Authority.]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="21">[B. It is the <span class="smcap">Annual</span> rent + that should be entered; accordingly weekly, monthly or quarterly rents at the + above dates should be multiplied by 52, 12, or 4 respectively, and the result + entered.]</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>Form B 5—continued.</p> + +<p class="cen">II.—PART ONLY OF HOUSE OCCUPIED BY FAMILY.</p> + +<p>II.—The houses or tenements should be in as many different districts as +possible and the particulars should be representative of wage-earning +class accommodation in those districts. <i>Actual rents are to be given: +different rents are not to be averaged.</i></p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Rents"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" rowspan="2">Name of Street.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" rowspan="2">Postal No. of house.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" rowspan="2">Number[A] of rooms occupied by each famaily selected.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="6">Amount of Rent paid per week for the rooms.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">July, 1914.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">Mar., 1922.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="2">June, 1922.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="15%"> </td> + <td class="tdll" width="15%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="16%"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="9%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="9%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="9%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="9%">s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="9%">£</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="9%">s.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="9">[A: The numbers required are to represent different + types of wage-earning class accommodation and, therefore, families should be + selected occupying different numbers of rooms so as to properly represent local + conditions.]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"><i>Date</i> ___________________ 1922.</td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="7"><i>Signature</i> _____________________________</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>Form B 6.—Page 1.</p> + +<p class="cen">HOUSEHOLD BUDGET.</p> + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Particulars</span> for all persons in a household at _________ Co. +__________ during the seven days ended ___ June, 1922.</p> + +<p>(<span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Particulars for <i>each</i> person should be given, one line +being devoted to <i>each</i>).</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Budget"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="35%">Description (<i>e.g.</i>, husband, wife, father, son, + niece, servant, lodger, &c.).</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="15%">Sex<br /> (M) Male<br /> (F) Female</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="10%">Age.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="25%">Occupation.[A]</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="15%">Earnings for the seven days.[B]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">s. d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (1)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (2)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (3)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (4)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (5)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (6)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (7)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (8)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (9)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">(10)</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3">[1. <i>e.g.,</i>, "Carpenter," "dock labourer," + "domestic duties," "at school," &c.]</td> + <td class="tdllz">Total earnings (A)</td> + <td class="tdllz"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3">[2. If there is a servant, her wages should not be + included here.</td> + <td class="tdllz">Other receipts[E]</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">Total income (B)</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5">(E) Receipts of old age or other pensions should be + included here and not in the column for "earnings" above.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb" colspan="5">Please state on the following lines particulars of + pensions or other receipts:—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Observations with regard to particulars on this page.</td> + <td class="tdclb" colspan="3">SUMMARY.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" colspan="3">Number of Persons</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdc">No.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2">Who earned cash (A)</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2">Who did not earn cash (A)</td> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Total number of + persons in the household</td> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Total <i>income</i> + (B) for the seven days</td> + <td class="tdcb" style="vertical-align: top;">s. d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" colspan="3">Number of Persons</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdc">No.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2">Under 4 years</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2">4 years to 13 (inclusive)</td> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2">14 years and over</td> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">Total number of + persons in the household</td> + <td class="tdcb"> </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span><b>Form B 6.</b>—Page 2.</p> + + +<p class="cen">QUANTITIES AND COSTS OF ARTICLES CONSUMED DURING THE<br /> SEVEN DAYS ___ +JUNE, TO ___ JUNE, 1922.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Weekly Costs"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb smcap" width="36%">Food.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="8%">Qty.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">s. d.</td> + <td class="tdctlb smcap" width="36%">Fuel and Light.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="8%">Qty.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="6%">s. d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (1) Beef</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(29) Coal</td> + <td class="tdcl">cwt.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (2) Mutton</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(30) Turf</td> + <td class="tdcl">cwt.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (3) Fresh pork</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(31) Firewood</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz"> (4) Sausages, black puddings, &c.</td> + <td class="tdclz">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdllz">(32) Gas</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (5) Bacon, pigs' heads, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(33) Electricity</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(34) Candles</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(35) Paraffin Oil</td> + <td class="tdcl">pts.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (6) Total Meat[4]</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl">[4]</td> + <td class="tdll" style="border-bottom: .5pt black solid;">(36) Other Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdclb">[3]</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (7) Fresh Fish</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdllb">(37) Total Fuel and Light</td> + <td class="tdclb">[3]</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (8) Cured or Tinned Fish</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> (9) Butter</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"><span class="smcap">Household Requisites.</span></td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(10) Cheese</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(11) Margarine</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(38) Soap</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(12) Lard</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(39) Starch, blue, polishes, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(13) Fresh Milk</td> + <td class="tdcl">pts.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(40) Crockery, hardware, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(14) Condensed Milk</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(41) Other household requisites.</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz">(15) Eggs</td> + <td class="tdclz">doz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(42) Total Household Requisites (F).</td> + <td class="tdclz">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(16) Bread</td> + <td class="tdcl">2 lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdllb"></td> + <td class="tdclb"></td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">loaves</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(17) Flour</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"><span class="smcap">Sundries.</span></td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(18) Oatmeal, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(19) Rice, Sago, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(43) Pipe tobacco</td> + <td class="tdcl">oz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(20) Potatoes</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(44) Cigarettes</td> + <td class="tdcl">oz.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(21) Other Vegetables</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(45) Medicines, Ointments, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(22) Tea</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(46) Newspapers, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(23) Sugar</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(47) Train and tram fares, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(24) Jam</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(48) Insurances</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">(25) Other food</td> + <td class="tdcl">[3]</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(49)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">(26) Meals eaten at shops, &c.</td> + <td class="tdclb">[3]</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdll">(50)</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">(27) Total Food (C)</td> + <td class="tdclb">[3]</td> + <td class="tdclb">[4]</td> + <td class="tdllb">(51)</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">(28) Clothes, boots, and shoes (D)</td> + <td class="tdclb">{3}</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdllb" style="vertical-align: top;">(52) Total Sundries (G)</td> + <td class="tdclb" style="vertical-align: top;">[3]</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">[3. Cost only is required.]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">[4. When totting be careful not to add in Meat twice + over.]</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb" colspan="6"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Food purchased + for poultry, pigs, &c.; materials for making up garments for <i>sale</i>; + implements for producing goods <i>for sale</i>, &c., should not be included + above.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6"><i>(H) <span class="smcap">Rents</span> (Including + rates).</i>—What is the weekly rent (including rates) of the house or rooms + occupied by the household? ___ shillings and ___ pence.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb" colspan="6">Does the family own the house? ________ (yes or no). + If the answer is "yes," insert the equivalent rent and rates.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Observations on Weekly Costs and on rent:—</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span><b>Form B 6.</b>—Page 3.</p> + +<p class="cen">COST OF CLOTHING (INCLUDING BOOTS AND SHOES) FOR<br /> THE TWELVE MONTHS, +JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, INCLUSIVE.</p> + +<p>As it is exceptionally difficult to obtain representative costs of +clothing, you are earnestly requested to help the Government by going to +the greatest pains to give below the most accurate figures you possibly +can for the cost of the clothing (including boots and shoes) used up by +the household during the twelve months, July, 1921, to June, 1922, +inclusive. Costs of materials purchased for clothing (<i>e.g.</i>, cotton for +children's dresses) should be included, any costs of making-up should be +added. Material purchased for making up articles for <i>sale</i> should not +be entered. <span class="smcap">Costs for repairs and alterations of Clothing</span> +(including boots and shoes) should be included. <span class="smcap">For Articles which +usually last more than twelve months</span> include below only the +proportionate cost for the twelve months. For instance, if an overcoat +is usually bought only once in <i>three</i> years, enter below only +<i>one-third</i> of the price; even if the overcoat was purchased eighteen +months ago, one-third of the cost should still be stated below. If the +exact amount of money spent during the twelve months on, for instance, +boys' stockings, cannot be remembered, but if it is known that a pair +lasts about <i>four months</i>, then include below <i>three times</i> the price of +the last pair. The lists below are intended for your convenience; some +of the articles may not have been used, others more important than some +mentioned may have to be included with minor expenditure under "Other +Clothing."</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Lists"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" colspan="2">For Women.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">For Girls over 6.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">For Men.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" colspan="2">For Boys over 6.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" width="19"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="6">£ s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="19"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="6">£ s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="19"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="6">£ s.</td> + <td class="tdcl" width="19"> </td> + <td class="tdcl" width="6">£ s.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Coats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Coats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Overcoats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Overcoats</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Hats</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Hats</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Suits</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Suits</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Costumes</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Dresses</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Hats</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Caps</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Blouses, &c.</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Stockings</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Singlets</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Shirts</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Skirts</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Combinations</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Drawers</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Stockings</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Stockings</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Stays</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Shirts</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Boots & Shoes</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Combinations</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Petticoats</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Socks</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Other Clothing</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Corsets</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Chemises</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Boots & Shoes</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Total</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Underskirts</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Boots & Shoes</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Other Clothing</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">Per Boy</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Chemises</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Other Clothing</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll" colspan="2">For children under 6.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Boots & Shoes</td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Total children's </td> + <td class="tdll">£ s.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlz">Other clothing</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">clothes, boots, &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Total of above</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">Total of above</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">Total of above</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl">Per Child</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdcb">Per Woman</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">Per Girl</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb">Per Man</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb" colspan="8">(I.) Total cost of Clothing, Boots and Shoes, for the + whole household for 12 months, £ : :</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Observations</span> on costs of clothing (including Boots and +Shoes):—</p> + +<br /> +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>Form B 6.—Page 4.</p> + +<p class="cen">COST OF FUEL AND LIGHT FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS,<br /> JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, +inclusive.</p> + +<p>As the cost of fuel and light is so different in winter and summer, will +you please state below, as accurately as possible, the expenditure on +fuel and light by the household during the past twelve months, and the +corresponding quantities of the items consumed.</p> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Cost of Fuel"> + <tr> + <td class="tdctb" width="30%"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="13%">Quantity.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="7%">£ s.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="30%"> </td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="13%">Quantity.</td> + <td class="tdctlb" width="7%">£ s.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Coal</td> + <td class="tdcl">tons</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Electricity for lighting</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Turf</td> + <td class="tdcl">tons</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Electricity for cooking &c.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Firewood</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Candles</td> + <td class="tdcl">lb.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gas for lighting</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + <td class="tdll">Paraffin Oil</td> + <td class="tdcl">galls.</td> + <td class="tdcl"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdlb">Gas for cooking, &c.</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdllb">Other fuel and light</td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + <td class="tdclb"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">(J). Total expenditure on Fuel and Light for the twelve + months ___£</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Observations on fuel and light:—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">General Observations:—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">The figures and observations inserted on these four + pages are reliable to the best of my knowledge and belief.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Signature of Teacher or Assistant_________________________ + Rank______________</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="5">Address of School___________________________________</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3"> </td> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3">___________________________________</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl" colspan="3"> </td> + <td class="tdr" colspan="3">Date_____________1922.</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<br /> + +<p class="cen"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>Form B 7.</p> + +<p class="cen">INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEALING WITH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET FORM B 6.</p> + +<p>1. Select the household with one or more wage-earners for which you can +give the most reliable particulars. You can choose any type of household +you think fit, it does not matter whether it be a household even of +twenty or even of one, whether comfortably off or poorly off, with many +children or with few or no children, with several wage-earners or with +only one, with no men, with no women, with a visitor, with a servant, +etc., provided the household chosen is one of the wage-earning class. +This will ensure that taking the country as a whole the budgets will +represent every day conditions and avoid anything exceptional.</p> + +<p>2. If you select a household with a plot or garden in which food is +produced, or one with fowl or pigs, etc., a note to this effect should +be made under "Observations."</p> + +<p>3. Make no statement which would identify the household for which you +send an account; as a further precaution the individual returns will be +treated as strictly confidential—your figures will be used only in +totting them with figures in a large number of other budgets in order to +arrive at averages, etc.</p> + +<p>4. If you live with a wage earner and give the budget of your own house, +do not state that the household is your own, but you will of course +place the word "teacher" on one line in the occupation column of the +first table (a teacher is not necessarily a national school teacher; in +any case the budget will be treated as strictly confidential).</p> + +<p>5. If you can get accurate particulars for the days of the current week, +do so. If not, would you ask the householder to keep an account for the +seven days immediately following the receipt of this communication. Post +your budget so as to reach here by the 30th June, at latest. Spend all +the time you can spare to get the particulars as accurate as possible.</p> + +<p>6. Under "Observations" on each page give any remarks that may be +helpful, especially explanations of unusually large or small figures. +The budgets will be closely scrutinised.</p> + +<p>7. Do not stamp the envelope; it will come post free.</p> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">Form B 7—continued.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p> + +<p class="cen">Page 1.</p> + +<p>8. Give a line to each individual in the household from the oldest to +the youngest. In the summary table include as earners any who earn even +a few shillings. In case short time or only a few hours were worked this +should be stated under "Observations."</p> + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Page 2.</span></p> + +<p>9. Get the quantity and cost of the items <i>consumed</i> in the week. In +most cases it will be accurate enough to state <i>purchases</i> during the +week, but where there has been an unusually large purchase of food, +etc., to last more than one week (or an unusually small purchase owing +to a large quantity being in hand at the beginning of the week) give the +quantity and cost of the week's consumption. You are, however, +definitely instructed to state the <i>purchases</i> during the week of such +articles as "clothing, boots and shoes," "crockery, hardware," etc., and +of all such goods which are intended to last more than one week. If any +article (e.g., a suit of clothes, etc.) is purchased on an easy payment +system give the total cost—not the amount of the instalment. It is +anticipated that a small number of budgets will contain abnormally large +figures for "clothing, boots and shoes," etc., and in such cases +particulars should be given under the "Observations."</p> + +<p>Loads, creels, etc., of turf should be converted to the equivalent +weight.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rent.</span>—The figure required is to include rates. If the +household owns the house, this should be stated and the equivalent rent +(including rates) should be given. If the household do not occupy a +whole house, this should be stated.</p> + +<p>10. You will observe that the week's expenditure will not necessarily be +the same as the week's income.</p> + +<p class="cen"><span class="smcap">Pages 3 and 4</span></p> + +<p>11. The difficulty of giving as accurate figures on pages 3 and 4 as on +pages 1 and 2 is recognised, but you are earnestly requested to do the +very best you can to give reliable figures. Under "Observations" on the +last page give an indication of the degree of accuracy of your figures.</p> + +<p>12. Do not send a budget at all unless you are satisfied that the +figures are reliable on the whole.</p> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cen">PRINTED BY A. THOM & CO., LTD., DUBLIN.<br /> +16459. 750. 9. 1922. +</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, by +Ministry of Economic Affairs + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + +***** This file should be named 37666-h.htm or 37666-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/6/6/37666/ + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland + June 1922 + +Author: Ministry of Economic Affairs + +Release Date: October 8, 2011 [EBook #37666] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + + + + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | Text in Gaelic Script marked +like so+. | + | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + _FOR OFFICIAL USE._ + + + RIALTAS SEALADACH NA HEIREANN. + + MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS. + + + + + REPORT + + ON THE + + COST OF LIVING + + IN + + IRELAND + + JUNE, 1922. + + + + +DUBLIN: +PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATIONERY OFFICE. + + +To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from +EASON & SON, LTD., 40 AND 41 LOWER SACKVILLE STREET, DUBLIN. + + +1922. + +_Price One Shilling._ + + + + +PREFACE. + + +It having been represented to the Provisional Government that it was +desirable to calculate an official figure indicating in respect of +Ireland the change in the cost of living at the present time as compared +with the cost of living in 1914, the Provisional Government appointed +for the purpose on 10th June, 1922, a Committee comprising +representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture, Finance, Economic +Affairs and Labour. The Committee reported on the 4th August, 1922, and +the result of its enquiries, together with the Committee's detailed +explanation of the procedure adopted, are appended hereto. + +The conclusions set out in the report represent the closest +approximation which is practicable to the average increases in the cost +of maintaining, in particular months of the current year as compared +with July, 1914, the same standard of living for a family dependent on +wage earnings in places with 500 or more inhabitants. The inquiry +applied to the whole of Ireland, and its basis is therefore broad enough +to be reasonably dependable for any practical purpose to which a +calculation as to changes in the cost of living can usefully be applied. + +It is proposed to arrange for the calculation at intervals of three +months of a cost of living figure on the same basis as that adopted by +the Committee for the purpose of this report. September will be the next +month for which a figure will be determined. + +It is to be observed that the information collected in the course of +this inquiry has incidentally revealed relations between the wholesale +and the retail prices of several important commodities and between the +prices of the same commodity in similar localities which require +explanation. This matter is being further examined with a view to +determining whether any undue advantage is being taken of the general +body of consumers, and, if that be the case, to the adoption of +appropriate remedies. + +MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, +_23rd August, 1922_. + + + + +THE COST OF LIVING + +IN + +IRELAND. + + +REPORT + +_To the Chairman, Provisional Government, Ireland._ + + +By minute dated the 10th June last we were appointed by the Government +to determine the cost of living in Ireland for the months of March and +June, 1922, as compared with the cost of living in July, 1914, on such a +basis as would show the average increase in the cost of maintaining the +same standard of living for a family dependent on wage earnings. We were +asked to complete our calculations not later than July 15th, if +possible, but owing to the fact that a considerable proportion of our +staff were unable to reach our offices during the recent troubles in +Dublin we were given until the 25th to complete our work. The following +letter was sent to the Head of the Government on the 26th July:-- + + "A Chara,--The Report of the Cost of Living Committee is not yet + finally drafted, but the main lines of it have been agreed upon. We + think, therefore, that we ought to acquaint you at once that our + investigations show that the percentage increase in the Cost of + Living of Wage Earning Classes in Ireland between July, 1914, and + June, 1922, is 85.2 per cent. and the increase between July, 1914 + and March, 1922, is 91.4 per cent. + + "Sinne, le meas mor," + +The following Report, while bringing out the points essential to a +purely Irish cost of living inquiry, can hardly be regarded as +exhaustive, in view of the mass of figures collected which could be +examined from many different points of view. Had we been able to spend a +longer time in digesting these figures we should not have arrived at any +different final result as regards the Irish cost of living figure; but +we think that many interesting and important facts might be brought out +by a further analysis of the figures which we have not had time to +undertake, and we suggest, therefore, that the Government should request +the Ministry of Economic Affairs to investigate more thoroughly, from +the point of view of their general economic significance, the figures +collected and compiled. + + +Method of Compiling Cost of Living Figures. + +In every country in which cost of living figures have been obtained the +same method, as far as broad lines are concerned, has been followed. The +method adopted is to ascertain the average retail prices for a number of +representative commodities for the dates to be compared and then to +combine these retail prices in a single figure representing the change +in retail prices as a whole. This combination is not effected by a plain +average, but the individual price changes are "weighted" according to a +comparison of the amounts spent on each of the commodities concerned +(_e.g._, a change in the price of a commodity such as bread, must +obviously be given more "weight" than a change in the price of such +commodities as cheese or soap) and in order to determine the proper +"weight" to attach to the retail price changes, representative family +budgets are obtained showing the details of the actual expenditure of a +large number of households. By combining these budgets it is possible to +discover the relationship between the consumption of the various items; +for instance, 12s. may be spent on meat for every 5s. 6d. spent on +butter, and so on. The retail price changes can then be "weighted" +according to the results given by the budgets and the final figure +arrived at by combining them on these lines. + + +Stages of our Inquiry. + +Our inquiry can, therefore, be divided into four main stages: + + =(A)= The collection of retail prices for July, 1914, and March and + June, 1922. + + =(B)= The collection and analysis of representative family budgets + by means of which to determine the "weighting" of the retail price + changes. + + =(C)= The combination of the retail price changes by means of the + "weights" so obtained into one final figure. + + =(D)= The results of applying different methods of "weighting." + + +(A) Collection of Retail Prices. + +We found that as regards articles of food much of the information we +required had already been collected by the Ministry of Economic Affairs +who had obtained returns for July, 1914, and March, 1922, from 420 +sources in towns of 500 persons and upwards; and also that retail prices +of a certain number of articles of food had been collected in 1914, in +Ireland by the Labour Statistics Branch of the Board of Trade. + +Our first task was, therefore, to collect returns of the retail prices +in June, 1922, of all the commodities selected, and of the corresponding +prices in July, 1914, and March, 1922, where these were not already at +our disposal. + +Forms were accordingly drawn up on which this information could be +collected and specimens of these forms are shown in the Appendix to the +Report. + + +(1) _Food, Clothing, Fuel and Light, and Sundries._ + +These forms for food, clothing, fuel and light and sundries, were sent +out for completion through the channels used by the Ministry for +Economic Affairs in its inquiry (viz.:--officials of the Post Office, of +the Ministry of Labour, and of the Local Government Board, and in the +Six-County area through other sources), and to the same towns as in that +inquiry (viz.:--towns with populations of 500 and over). In the case of +the larger towns more than one report was asked for, graduating from two +returns to twenty returns according to their population as shown in the +Census of 1911. + +The following table summarises essential particulars regarding the +forms:-- + + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + | | Number | + | Number | of | Returns + Form. | of Forms | Towns | collected + |dealt with.|from which| by + | | received.| + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + Prices (Food) A | 450 | 250 } | + Prices (Food, Fuel and | | } |Post Office, Ministry + Light and Sundries) B 2| 436 | 220 } | of Labour, and + Prices (Meat) B 3| 434 | 227 } | Local Government + Prices (Clothing) B 4| 436 | 216 } | Board Officials. + Rents B 5| 91 | 71 |Rate Collectors and + | | | Town Clerks. + ---------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------- + + +(2) _Rents._--The forms for rents were issued through the Local +Government Board, and in the Six-County area through other sources, and +filled in for the most part by Rate Collectors in the several districts +and towns in Ireland. They were asked to state the rents in July, 1914, +and in March, and June, 1922, of about 20 houses in their districts +showing the number of rooms and the Poor Law Valuation, the latter +figures enabling us to ensure that the same classes of houses of wage +earners were being compared. Enquiry was also made in connection with +the rents of tenements, and due allowance was made for this in the final +figures. The rent figures include rates in every case. + + +(3) _Compilation of prices for individual commodities._--The next step +was to calculate from these returns the average retail prices of the +individual commodities selected, and this was done as follows:-- + + * * * * * + +One set of average retail prices was compiled from the returns of the +Post Office officials, and another from those of the other officials, +and a division of the forms was made on this basis. + +The retail prices of food, etc. (on Forms A, B2 and B3), and of clothing +(Form B4) were then separately summarised in the two groups, viz.--those +received from the Post Office officials and those received from the +officials of the other Departments for July, 1914, and March and June, +1922. + + +(4) _Compilation of Rent Returns._ + +The rent returns were treated in precisely the same manner, except that +there was no division, since the returns were received through the Local +Government Board only. + +On pages 7 and 8 is the list of average retail prices so compiled:-- + + +(5) LIST OF PRICES. + +THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHEWS RETAIL PRICES IN IRISH TOWNS OF 500 INHABITANTS + AND UPWARDS; AS AVERAGED FROM RETURNS COLLECTED BY OFFICERS OF THE POST + OFFICE, MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. + + -----------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------------- + | Mid July, | Mid March, | Mid June, + | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. + -----------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------------- + | | M.L.| | M.L.| | M.L. + | P.O.| and | P.O.| and | P.O. | and + | | L.G.| | L.G.| | L.G. + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + FOOD. per| d. | d. | d. | d. | d. | d. + Beef lb.| 8.0| 7.8| 13.5| 13.4| 13.4| 13.2 + Mutton lb.| 8.6| 8.3| 16.0| 15.5| 16.0| 15.5 + Pork Chops lb.| 8.9| 9.2| 17.5| 17.7| 20.1| 20.0 + Pork Sausages lb.| 8.7| 8.6| 16.8| 16.4| 16.3| 16.1 + Bacon lb.| 9.2| 9.5| 19.7| 17.9| 20.7| 19.0 + Butter, Irish Creamery lb.| 13.9| 12.8| 23.9| 22.3| 23.2| 22.6 + Butter, Irish Farmers lb.| 12.6| 10.6| 24.4| 20.0| 19.9| 18.9 + Cheese lb.| 9.8| 9.8| 17.8| 17.0| 17.4| 16.8 + Margarine, 1st grade lb.| 7.6| 7.7| 11.7| 12.1| 11.8| 11.2 + Margarine, 2nd grade lb.| 6.2| 6.1| 9.1| 9.6| 8.8| 8.4 + Lard lb.| 7.1| 7.3| 13.6| 11.5| 12.0| 11.6 + Milk, Fresh quart| 2.5| 2.6| 6.8| 6.4| 5.4| 4.9 + Condensed Milk, Irish lb. tin| 6.8| 5.6| 13.1| 12.8| 11.9| 11.6 + Condensed Milk, | | | | | | + Imported lb. tin| 7.2| 6.2| 13.8| 13.4| 12.8| 11.8 + Eggs, 1st Grade dozen| 9.6| 11.2| 19.5| 19.2| 19.0| 17.3 + Bread 2 lb. loaf| 3.2| 3.0| 5.8| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6 + Flour, household 14 lb.| 19.8| 22.1| 36.6| 33.3| 35.7| 35.8 + Oatmeal 14 lb.| 21.1| 23.7| 38.1| 41.6| 41.1| 41.3 + Rice lb.| 2.8| 2.7| 5.8| 5.6| 5.5| 5.4 + Potatoes, old 14 lb.| 5.5| 7.3| 12.8| 13.7| 16.6| 16.5 + Tea, Best lb.| 30.3| 30.5| 44.2| 45.4| 42.6| 42.7 + Tea, Cheapest lb.| 18.1| 18.3| 31.4| 29.1| 27.1| 26.4 + Sugar, white | | | | | | + granulated lb.| 2.2| 2.1| 5.9| 5.8| 5.9| 6.0 + Jam lb.| 6.6| 6.7| 16.2| 16.3| 15.4| 15.5 + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + CLOTHING. | | | | | | + | | | | | | + WOMEN'S. | s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d.| s.d. + | | | | | | + Light Coats | 8 10|25 7| 53 0| 47 0| 51 8| 46 0 + Heavy Coats |30 10|31 7| 58 2| 57 11| 56 5| 56 4 + Costumes |44 2|41 7| 79 9| 77 11| 77 7| 76 4 + Blouses | 5 3| 4 8| 10 3| 9 5| 9 9| 9 1 + Skirts | 8 1| 5 10| 14 7| 11 2| 13 7| 10 10 + Stockings | 1 4| 1 5| 3 0| 2 9| 2 9| 2 8 + Combinations | 5 8| 5 0| 11 1| 10 0| 10 8| 9 9 + Corsets | 4 2| 3 8| 8 2| 6 10| 7 10| 6 8 + Underskirts | 4 1| 3 2| 7 8| 5 10| 7 4| 5 9 + Chemises | 2 5| 2 5| 4 10| 4 6| 4 9| 4 4 + Boots |11 2| 8 7| 22 9| 16 0| 21 11| 15 9 + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + GIRLS (OVER 6). | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Coats |14 1|11 8| 25 9| 21 0| 25 1| 20 9 + Dresses |13 11| 9 7| 27 3| 17 7| 26 3| 17 3 + Stockings | 1 4| 1 2| 2 8| 2 2| 2 5| 2 1 + Combinations | 4 5| 3 10| 8 0| 6 9| 7 9| 6 8 + Stays | 2 9| 2 5| 5 10| 4 9| 5 6| 4 8 + Petticoats | 2 7| 2 2| 4 11| 4 1| 4 8| 4 0 + Chemises | 2 1| 1 11| 3 9| 3 3| 3 7| 3 2 + Boots | 8 4| 7 9| 16 6| 14 2| 15 10| 14 0 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + MEN'S. | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Overcoats (Readymade) |34 3|33 7| 69 1| 64 3| 66 5| 63 4 + Overcoats (Tailormade) |53 6|48 10|100 11| 93 3| 98 7| 91 8 + Suits (Readymade) |31 5|35 0| 67 9| 70 0| 66 2| 68 6 + Suits (Tailormade) |58 10|54 5|119 6|113 10|116 4|112 7 + Trousers (Readymade) | 8 6| 8 1| 17 0| 15 5| 16 6| 15 0 + Trousers (Tailormade) |15 7|13 9| 32 2| 29 8| 31 7| 29 0 + Singlets | 3 6| 2 8| 7 5| 5 2| 7 0| 5 0 + Drawers | 3 9| 2 10| 7 7| 5 3| 7 2| 5 2 + Shirts | 3 8| 3 1| 7 2| 6 5| 6 11| 6 4 + Socks | 1 2| 1 2| 2 5| 2 3| 2 3| 2 2 + Boots |12 5|11 11| 24 6| 23 3| 23 9| 22 9 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + BOYS (OVER 6). | | | | | | + | | | | | | + Overcoats |16 8|14 11| 33 1| 29 0| 32 1| 27 9 + Suits |15 9|15 7| 31 7| 31 1| 30 5| 30 0 + Shirts | 2 1| 2 0| 4 2| 3 9| 3 11| 3 8 + Stockings | 1 3| 1 4| 2 6| 2 7| 2 3| 2 6 + Boots | 8 9| 7 8| 16 9| 13 11| 16 0| 13 6 + | | | | | | + -----------------------------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------ + | | | | | | + OTHER COMMODITIES. | | | | | | + | d.| d.| d.| d.| d.| d. + Coal 112 lb.| 17.4| 17.1| 38.9| 37.0| 37.2| 35.0 + Turf 112 lb.| 13.7| 11.1| 29.9| 26.2| 30.1| 25.1 + Gas for Lighting 1,000 c. ft| 50.6| 51.5| 101.9 98.9| 101.0| 98.2 + Gas for Cooking 1,000 c. ft| 49.1| 48.7| 101.7| 97.1| 101.1| 96.6 + Electricity for unit| 5.3| 5.3| 10.4| 9.7| 10.3| 9.4 + Lighting | | | | | | + Electricity for unit| 3.0| 2.4| 5.7| 5.0| 5.7| 5.0 + Cooking | | | | | | + Candles lb.| 3.5| 3.8| 7.1| 6.8| 6.5| 6.3 + Paraffin Oil gallon| 8.3| 8.9| 20.4| 19.9| 19.8| 19.9 + Soap (Household) lb.| 3.6| 3.6| 7.8| 7.3| 7.4| 6.9 + Pipe Tobacco 2 ozs.| 7.0| 7.0| 17.0| 17.0| 17.0| 17.0 + Cigarettes pkt. of 10| 3.0| 3.0| 6.0| 6.0| 6.0| 6.0 + +THE FOLLOWING TABLE shows Retail Prices in March and June, +1922, in respect of certain Commodities for which corresponding prices +in 1914 were not collected. + + ------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------- + | Mid-March, 1922.| Mid-June, 1922 + |--------+--------+--------+------ + | | M.L. | | M.L. + | P.O. | and | P.O. | and + | | L.G. | | L.G. + ------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------ + | d. | d. | d. | d. + Butter (Irish Factory) per lb. | 21.9 | 21.1 | 22.0 | 20.6 + Rice (Rangoon) per lb. | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 + Rice (Java) per lb. | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.6 + Jam (Strawberry) per lb. | 15.7 | 15.9 | 15.2 | 15.2 + Fresh Pork (Shoulders) per lb. | 16.8 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 17.4 + Fresh Herrings per lb. | 26.1 | 25.3 | 25.6 | 23.7 + Cod Steak per lb. | 14.4 | 14.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 + Tea (Quality most used by | | | | + working classes) per lb. | 36.1 | 35.0 | 33.4 | 32.1 + Cabbage per head | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.1 + ------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------ + +The above prices, which were used as far as possible in conjunction with +other figures to arrive at the correct increases between July, 1914, and +March and June, 1922, in respect of commodities, less specifically +described in the returns for 1914 (_e.g._, Butter, Rice, Jam), will also +be of value in the future as an additional basis from which to calculate +the change in the cost of living. + + +NOTES ON RETAIL PRICES. + +(_a_) _Collection of Figures for 1914._ + +There are obvious difficulties in the collection of figures for 1914 +after so long a lapse of time, and the accuracy of these figures may +possibly be questioned. + +Despite the eight years' interval, however, we believe these prices to +be reasonably accurate. The compilers of the returns were asked to get +figures in every case from the actual books kept by the shopkeepers; and +the food prices collected by us are in substantial agreement with those +collected by the Board of Trade in 1914. The latter are, as a matter of +fact, slightly higher than those collected by us, so that if they were +to be used in preference to our figures the resultant percentage +increase would be slightly lower than on the figures which we have +accepted. + +(_b_) _Comparison Restricted to Strictly Comparable Articles._ + +A point to be noted is that in comparing prices at different dates it is +essential that articles of different quality should not be compared; +milk, for instance, is a simple commodity and is always comparable with +milk, but beef is a variable commodity inasmuch as sirloin beef is not +strictly comparable with shin beef; consequently special figures showing +the relative consumption and average prices of the different parts of +beef, mutton and bacon were obtained on Form B3 (see Appendix), and in +these cases the prices as returned for each description of meat are +separately weighted by the average quantities purchased in order to +arrive at the ultimate average prices for "beef," "mutton," etc. + +As regards all other articles, it will be seen from the instructions on +the forms that pains were taken to explain that prices must only be +returned for strictly comparable articles. + + +(_c_) _Accuracy of Rent Figures._ + +A point likely to give rise to criticism is the low percentage increase +shown for rent. This figure is, however, the result of comparing the +actual returns sent us by the Town Clerks and Rate Collectors, who gave +the actual name of the street and the actual number of each house, and +on the closest investigation we have no reason to doubt the accuracy of +their figures. The average weekly rents (including rates) appearing from +those returns are:-- + + Average Weekly + Rent + (including Rates). + July, 1914 4s. 0d. + March, 1922 5s. 2d. + June, 1922 5s. 2d. + + +(_d_) _Comparison of Figures received from Post Office and other +Sources._ + +It will have been noted from the Table of Retail Prices given above that +on the whole there is comparatively little difference between the sets +of figures compiled by the Post Office officials and those compiled by +the Ministry of Labour and Local Government Board officials, though the +Post Office figures tend to give a somewhat higher average increase of +prices. This is brought out by the following table of the ratios of +retail prices for the main groups of commodities for the three dates:-- + + ---------------+-----------------+------------------+----------------- + | Mid-July, 1914. | Mid-March, 1922. | Mid-June, 1922. + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------- + | A | B | A | B | A | B + Food | 52.4 | 54.6 | 104.8 | 102.8 | 100 | 100 + Clothing | 52.7 | 52.9 | 103.9 | 101.7 | 100 | 100 + Rent (C) | 78.9 | 78.9 | 100.4 | 100.4 | 100 | 100 + Fuel and Light | 46.6 | 48.1 | 104.8 | 104.4 | 100 | 100 + Sundries | 50.5 | 51.9 | 103.2 | 103.1 | 100 | 100 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------- + +The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office. + +The figures B result from the returns from other Departments. + +The figures C were obtained from only one Department--the Local +Government Board. + +(In case the meaning of this table is not at once clear, it may be +explained that the first line, for instance, means that for 100s. +expended on food by the wage-earning households in June, 1922, exactly +the same quantities and exactly the same foods could, according to the +Post Office officials' returns, be purchased in March, 1922, for +104.8s., and in July, 1914, for 52.4s. and according to the other +returns for 102.8s. and 54.6s. respectively; and so on with the other +items). + +The near agreement of these figures is a strong proof of their essential +accuracy. We ultimately decided to take the average between the two sets +of figures as representing the nearest approach to the truth at which we +could arrive. + + +(B) The Collection of Household Budgets. + +(1) _Representative Budgets._ + +The second stage of our enquiry was to obtain representative household +budgets, from which to compile the "weights" by which the individual +price changes might be combined into a single final figure. + +For this purpose a special Form was drafted (Form B6, a copy of which +appears in the Appendix) and some 5,000 of these forms were despatched +to National School teachers in every school in the country, accompanied +by detailed instructions (of which there is a copy in the Appendix) of +the method in which they were to be completed. + +Notwithstanding the difficulties of the time when these budgets were +called for, and the fact that a number of forms were held up and perhaps +lost in the post, we were able to use 308 completed budgets of +wage-earning households, received from 112 towns. This number was quite +sufficient for our purpose. These budgets were excellently filled in, +and, apart from the fact that such a number is in itself a fair +guarantee of the statistical results obtained, we are satisfied for +reasons given below of the substantial accuracy of the budgets. + +(2) _Wide Scope of Budgets._ + +The budgets received were from a very varied class of households, and as +will be seen from the following list, embraced the principal industrial +occupations. Labourers, Fishermen, Messengers, Servants, Pilots, Barmen, +Carpenters, Boatmen, Building Contractors, Motor Boat Drivers, +Plasterers, Ship Inspector, Stone Masons, Marine Engineer, Bricklayer, +Mill-hands, Yachtman, Caretakers, Tailors, Post Office Workers, +Housekeepers, Tailoresses, Gardeners, Herds, Dress-makers, Shop +Assistants, Farm Stewards, Shoemakers, Charwomen, Dairyman, Cottage +Industries, Laundresses, Egg Packer, Milliners, Washerwomen, Fowl +Plucker, Shirtmaker, Hairdresser, Wool Sorter, Spinners, Smiths, +Woodcutters, Embroidery Workers, Fitters, Sawyers, Hosiers, +Boiler-makers, Wood-turners, Stitchers, Engineers, Body-makers, +Knitters, Plumbers, Golf Caddies, Lace-makers, Machinists, Pointers, +Road Engine Drivers, Crane-driver, Paper Maker, Motor Mechanics, +Collier, Sextons, Car Drivers, Brass-finisher, Butchers, Carters, +Bakers, Dealer, Chauffeur, Millers, Electrician, Tram Driver, +Confectioner, Watchmaker, Railway Workers, Painters and Saddlers, etc. + +(3) _Compilation of Budgets._ + +Two methods of compiling the budgets were followed:--A simple addition +was made of the particulars of the expenditure on each item separately +recorded on each of the budgets. These particulars consisted of the +expenditure on food, sundries, and rent for one week in June, 1922; the +particulars of yearly expenditure on items of clothing, fuel and light +were reduced to a weekly average by dividing by 52, before adding. The +resulting totals gave the present average weekly expenditure on each +article, and consequently the _proportion_ which the expenditure on each +article bears to the total expenditure of the average wage-earning +household. + +A more complex method of compilation was also adopted which should lead +to an even more accurate result. + +It was found by analysis of the Census figures that the proportion of +children under 14 to adults (persons over 14) is approximately as 2 to +5, and an adjustment was made to bring the budgets into conformity with +this proportion in order that they might truly represent the actual +proportions of the population of the country, the assumption being that +the percentage rise in the price of articles mainly consumed by children +might be higher or lower than the rise in the prices of articles mainly +consumed by persons over 14. + +The budgets were accordingly classified into three groups, viz.:--"S" or +simple households, consisting of not more than two persons over 14 +years, and with one or more children under 14 years; "C" or complex +households, consisting of more than two persons over 14 years, and with +one or more children under 14 years; and "A" or adult households, in +which there were not any persons under 14 years. + +It was necessary to multiply the "A" group by 3, in order to bring the +proportionate number of adults and children in the budgets with which we +were dealing into conformity with the national proportion (5 to 2). The +figures for the three groups having been totalled separately, those +obtained for the "A" group were weighted accordingly. + +It was found, however, that the difference between the "weights" +obtained by the first and by the second methods were so small as to be +quite negligible, as is shown by the following tables:-- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES FROM JULY, 1914, TO MARCH, 1922, AS SHOWN BY +THE APPLICATION OF POST OFFICE PRICES.[A] + + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + | | | | Fuel | | Total + Budget | Food. | Clothing. | Rent. | and | Sundries. | for all + Grouping. | | | | Light. | | Items. + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + S+C+A | 99.8 | 97.1 | 27.3 | 120.6 | 104.2 | 95.5 + S+C+3A | 99.9 | 97.3 | 27.3 | 124.9 | 104.1 | 95.7 + ----------+-------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+--------- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES FROM JULY, 1914, TO MARCH, 1922, AS SHOWN BY THE +APPLICATION OF MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT +PRICES. + + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- + | | | | Fuel | | Total + Budget | Food. | Clothing. | Rent.[A] | and | Sundries. | for all + Grouping. | | | | Light. | | Items. + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- + S+C+A | 88.2 | 91.4 | 27.3 | 116.8 | 97.0 | 86.9 + S+C+3A | 88.3 | 92.0 | 27.3 | 117.2 | 96.9 | 87.0 + ----------+-------+-----------+----------+--------+-----------+--------- +[A: Figures obtained for Local Government Board only.] + +It may be mentioned here that if weights are obtained for the "S" group +of households only, _i.e._, for an average of two adults, and 3.5 +children, the final increase in the cost of living figures would be 91.2 +for March, 1922, and 84.6 for June, 1922, _i.e._, practically identical +with the figures obtained by "weighting" in accordance with all the +budgets. + +(4) _Table of Weights._ + +The following Table shows the actual Irish "weights," representing the +proportionate expenditure by the average wage-earning household on the +various commodities, as compiled from the budgets received. + +The actual Irish weights or proportions of expenditure on each item are +as follow:-- + + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Total expenditure 100 | Food 57.05 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Beef 5.18 | Flour 3.70 + Mutton 2.94 | Oatmeal, etc .97 + Fresh Pork .63 | Rice, Sago, etc. .45 + Sausages, Black Puddings, etc. .82 | Potatoes 3.16 + Bacon, Pigs' Heads, etc. 5.23 | Other Vegetables 1.33 + Fresh Fish .61 | Tea 3.80 + Cured or Tinned Fish .16 | Sugar 3.24 + Butter 6.91 | Jam 1.12 + Cheese .26 | Other Food .95 + Margarine .18 | Meals eaten at Shops, + Lard .25 | Hotels, etc. .70 + Fresh Milk 4.56 | + Condensed Milk .09 | + Eggs 3.44 | Total Food 57.05 + Bread 6.37 | + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + CLOTHING 17.48 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + _Women's_:-- _Girl's_ (over 6):-- + Coats .69 | + Hats .37 | Coats .50 + Costumes 1.09 | Hats .23 + Blouses, etc. .39 | Dresses .69 + Skirts .21 | Stockings .20 + Stockings .24 | Combinations .13 + Combinations .15 | Stays .11 + Corsets .19 | Petticoats .15 + Underskirts .18 | Chemises .13 + Chemises .19 | Boots and Shoes .71 + Boots and Shoes .92 | Other Clothing .19 + Other Clothing .27 | + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + _Men's_:-- _Boy's_ (over 6):-- + Overcoats .83 | Overcoats .27 + Suits 2.60 | Suits .83 + Hats .38 | Caps .07 + Singlets .30 | Shirts .17 + Drawers .30 | Stockings .12 + Shirts .55 | Boots and Shoes .56 + Socks .32 | Other Clothing .13 + Boots and Shoes 1.33 | + Other Clothing .34 | _Children_ (under 6):-- + | Clothes, Boots, etc. .45 + | + | Total Clothing 17.48 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Rent 5.41 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Fuel and Light 7.04 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Coal 3.14 | Electricity for Cooking -- + Turf 1.79 | Candles .33 + Firewood .34 | Paraffin Oil .67 + Gas for Lighting .40 | Other Fuel and Light .05 + Gas for Cooking, etc. .29 | + Electricity for lighting .03 | Total Fuel and Light 7.04 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Sundries 13.02 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Soap 1.12 | Other Sundries 8.41 + Pipe Tobacco 2.11 | + Cigarettes 1.38 | Total Sundries 13.02 + -------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + Total Expenditure 100.0 + +NOTES ON THE BUDGETS. + +(a) _Reliability of Budgets. Tests._ + +As a test of the reliability of the budget returns several sets were +taken at random and were arranged in two groups having a common factor +of approximately equal numbers of persons and equal total income. It was +found on addition that the proportion of total expenditure spent on each +description of food, clothing, etc., was approximately the same in each +family and income group. Thus we treated the first 30 budgets from +households with small and large incomes in this manner, dividing them so +that each lot of 15 would have about the same number of persons and the +same income. The selection was made without any reference whatever to +expenditure, and the following were the results:-- + +PERCENTAGE EXPENDITURE. + + 1st Lot 2nd Lot + of 15. of 15. + Food 54.3 53.2 + Clothing 20.9 20.3 + Rent 6.6 6.7 + Fuel and Light 6.7 6.7 + Sundries 11.5 13.1 + +NUMBERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD. + + Under 4 8 3 + 4 to 13 30 31 + 14 and over 57 59 + -- -- + Total, 95 93 + + Total Weekly Incomes 1597s. 1543s. + +_The Household Budgets in the "S" Group were separately tested and the +following results were obtained:--_ + + ------------------------------+------------------------------------- + | INCOME OF HOUSEHOLD. + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Proportion of Expenditure | Under | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 + under each of the following | L3 | | | | upwards + sub-divisions:-- | | | | | + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Food | 61.1 | 60.4 | 56.3 | 48.0 | 41.4 + Clothing | 15.7 | 13.7 | 19.3 | 19.4 | 17.7 + Rent | 5.3 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 8.8 | 12.4 + Fuel and Light | 8.7 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 9.0 + Sundries | 9.2 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 19.5 + |-------+------+------+------+-------- + Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 + | | | | | + ------------------------------+-------+------+------+------+-------- + +This test showed that the budgets we used conformed with common +experience, and is, therefore, evidence of their reliability. + + +(_b_) _Comparison of English and Irish Weights._ + +The weights used in England in compiling the British index figure were +compiled from budgets collected as long ago as 1904. These show a +pre-war standard of living and the final index figure shows the +percentage increase in expenditure necessary to maintain that precise +standard of living absolutely unchanged at the present day. + +We were not in possession of any Irish figures by which the pre-war +standard of living could be accurately measured, and it was accordingly +necessary for us to obtain budgets showing the present standard of +living. Our final index figure therefore shows the percentage increase +in expenditure which would have been necessary to maintain the present +standard of living absolutely unchanged from July, 1914, to the present +day. + +It has been seen that according to the figures compiled by us, 57.1s. +out of every 100s. is spent on food in Irish wage-earning class +households; 17.5s. on clothing, and so on, and it is of interest to +compare these "weights" with the corresponding figures calculated by +the English Ministry of Labour from the "United Kingdom" Budgets of +1904, which relate to the pre-war "United Kingdom" Standard of Living +and which are still in use in England. + +The following table shows the proportion of each 100s. spent by +Wage-Earning Class Households which is spent on (1) Food, (2) Clothing, +(3) Rent, (4) Fuel and Light, and (5) Sundries:-- + + ----------------------------------------------+----------------------- + | IN IRELAND. | IN "UNITED KINGDOM." + +--------------------------+----------------------- + | In June, |In July, 1914| |In July, + Class of | 1922, as |as calculated| In July, |1922, as + Commodity. | calculated |from the | 1914, as |calculated + | from the |previous |calculated |from 1904 + | Committee's|column by | from 1904 |Budgets by + | Budgets. |price | Budgets. |price + | |changes. | |changes. + -------------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + | A. | B. | C. | D. + (1) Food | 57.1 | 56.2 | 60 | 58.6 + (2) Clothing | 17.5 | 17.0 | 12 | 15.6 + (3) Rent | 5.4 | 7.9 | 16 | 13.3 + (4) Fuel and | | | | + Light | 7.0 | 6.6 | 8 | 8.3 + (5) Sundries | 13.0 | 12.3 | 4 | 4.2 + +------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100 | 100.0 + -------------------+------------+-------------+-----------+----------- + +It should be explained that the method of arriving at Columns B and D is +as follows:-- + +The amounts of the various commodities consumed, as shown in the table +compiled from the budgets, are left unchanged, but the prices are +altered according to the prices ruling at the date under consideration, +_i.e._, Column B shows the proportion of expenditure in 1914 on the +various classes of commodities had the 1914 standard been precisely the +same as the present day standard. + + +(C) Compilation of the Final Figure. + +We were now in possession of the retail prices of the individual +commodities at the different dates, and of the weights obtained from the +summarisation of the household budgets, and these prices and weights for +the main groups of articles are set out in the subjoined table:-- + + --------------+---------------+-----------------+-------------+--------- + | | | | Irish + |Mid-July, 1914.| Mid-March, 1922.| Mid-June, | Weights + | | | 1922. |(see last + | | | | par.). + --------------+-------+-------+--------+--------+------+------+--------- + | A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. | + Food | 52.4 | 54.6 | 104.8 | 102.8 | 100 | 100 | 57.1 + Clothing | 52.7 | 52.9 | 103.9 | 101.7 | 100 | 100 | 17.5 + Rent (C) | 78.9 | 78.9 | 100.4 | 100.4 | 100 | 100 | 5.4 + Fuel and Light| 46.6 | 48.1 | 104.8 | 104.4 | 100 | 100 | 7.0 + Sundries | 50.5 | 51.9 | 103.2 | 103.1 | 100 | 100 | 13.0 + --------------+-------+----------------+--------+------+------+--------- + + The figures A result from the returns from the Post Office. + The figures B result from the returns from other Departments. + The figures C were obtained from only one Department--the Local + Government Board. + +It now only remained for us to compile the final figure. + +This was ascertained by multiplying the ratio prices of the various +commodities by the "weights" appropriate to those commodities (_i.e._, +by multiplying the figures in the first six columns of the table above +by the figures in the final column). + +The following table gives the result so obtained:-- + + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + | Mid-July, 1914. | Mid-March, 1922. | Mid-June, 1922. + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + | A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. + Food | 2992.0 | 3117.7 | 5984.1 | 5869.9 | 5710.0 | 5710.0 + Clothing | 922.3 | 925.7 | 1818.2 | 1779.7 | 1750.0 | 1750.0 + Rent (C) | 426.1 | 426.1 | 542.2 | 542.2 | 540.0 | 540.0 + Fuel and Light | 326.2 | 336.7 | 730.8 | 730.8 | 700.0 | 700.0 + Sundries | 657.0 | 674.7 | 1341.6 | 1327.3 | 1300.0 | 1300.0 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + Total | 5323.6 | 5480.9 | 10416.9 | 10249.9 | 10000.0 | 10000.0 + ---------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+---------+-------- + +Then, taking the prices in July, 1914, as the standard and representing +them by the figure of 100 we get the final percentage table. + + ----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------- + | Mid. | Mid. | Mid. + | July, 1914| March, 1922. | June, 1922. + ----------------+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+------ + As Per Cent. of | | | | | | + | A | B | A | B | A | B + July, 1914. | 100 | 100 | 195.7 | 187.0 | 187.8 | 182.5 + ----------------+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+------ + +The following table shows the percentage changes so obtained for the +main groups of commodities:-- + + ----------------+-------------------+----------------- + | March 1922 over | June 1922 over + | July 1914. | July 1914. + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + | A | B | A | B + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + Food | 99.9 | 88.3 | 90.8 | 83.2 + Clothing | 97.3 | 92.0 | 89.9 | 88.7 + Rent (C) | 27.3 | 27.3 | 26.8 | 26.8 + Fuel and Light | 124.9 | 117.2 | 114.6 | 108.0 + Sundries | 104.1 | 96.9 | 97.8 | 92.8 + +---------+---------+---------+------- + ALL ITEMS | 95.7 | 87.0 | 87.8 | 82.5 + ----------------+---------+---------+---------+------- + +The figures in column marked "A" as before were obtained from the prices +collected by Post Office officials, and those marked "B" from prices +collected by officials of the Ministry of Labour and Local Government +Board. + +By taking the mean of "A" and "B" for March and for June, 1922, the +final figures showing the increases in the Cost of Living are +obtained:-- + + Mid-March, 1922, Mid-June, 1922, + over July, 1914. over July, 1914. + + =91.4= per cent. =85.2= per cent. + +=and these are the final figures which we recommend the Government to +adopt.= + + +NOTES ON THE COMPILATION. + + (_a_) _Comparison of Post Office, Ministry of Labour and Local + Government Board Figures._ + +The close similarity between the figures supplied by the various +Departments can perhaps be most clearly seen in a different tabular +form. + +For every 100 shillings spent by wage-earning classes in July, 1914, the +following would be the corresponding amounts (as shown by the different +returns) which would have to be spent in order to maintain the same +standard of living in March and June, 1922. + + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + | | Ministry of | Mean of | Deviation | Deviation + | Post | Labour and | columns | of (_a_) and | as a + |Office.| Ministry of |(_a_) and| (_b_) from | percentage of + | | Local Govt. | (_b_). | the mean. | column (_c_). + | (_a_) | (_b_) | (_c_) | | + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + March, | | | | | + 1922 | 195.7 | 187.0 | 191.35 | 4.35 | 2.3 + June, | | | | | + 1922 | 187.8 | 182.5 | 185.15 | 2.65 | 1.4 + -------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------+-------------- + +The last column shows that in general the difference between Post +Office, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Local Government was 2.3 per +cent. of the mean for prices returned for March, 1922, and 1.4 per cent. +of the mean for prices returned for June, 1922--surely a small +difference considering the instability of prices. + +(_b_) _Sundries._ + +A point of some importance is the following:-- + +In the British budgets only items of which the price changes could be +accurately measured are understood to have been included. + +In our Summary all "Sundries" shown in the budgets are included. But as +the price change of only about one-third of them could be directly +measured it was assumed that the change in the level of the prices of +the remaining sundries varied in the same proportion as the change in +the other four groups combined. + + +(D) Results of Different Weighting. + +Calculations were also made whereby a final figure could be arrived at +by different methods, and the following table shows results obtained:-- + +PERCENTAGE INCREASES ARISING BY USING BRITISH WEIGHTS. + + ------------------------------------------------+------------------- + |Percentage Increase + | in Cost of Living + | in Ireland. + DIFFERENT METHODS. |----------+--------- + | July 1914|July 1914 + | to | to + |March 1922|June 1922 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + _a_ By applying British Weights in 1914 | | + to the Committee's Irish Prices of all | | + commodities in 1914 and 1922 the percentage | | + increase in the Cost of Living | | + would be | 84.8 | 80.2 + | | + _b_ Taking Irish Prices for Food in 1914 as | | + collected by the British Board of Trade, | | + but the Committee's Prices for all other | | + commodities in 1914 and all commodities | | + in 1922 the increase would be | 76.6 | 71.0 + | | + _c_ Taking British Prices for food in the | | + "United Kingdom" in 1914, but the Committee's | | + Prices for all other commodities in 1914 | | + and all commodities in 1922 the increase | | + would be | 72.1 | 67.3 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + Prices obtained entirely on Irish weights | | + and prices, and recommended for adoption | | + are | 91.4 | 85.2 + ------------------------------------------------+----------+--------- + +As regards this table it should, however, be pointed out that the +commodities selected by us are not in all respects identical with those +selected by the British authorities and that the application of the +weights, although broadly speaking correct, could not be accurate in +every detail. + +It only remains for us to express our gratitude for all the assistance +given to us by the officials of the Departments already mentioned and by +the staff assisting in the actual compilation. Our thanks are especially +due to Mr. C. J. Barry, of the Department of Agriculture and Technical +Instruction and to the National School teachers who furnished such +excellent budgets. + + (Signed) JOHN HOOPER, _Chairman_. + T. K. BEWLEY. + +T. Mac Giolla Padraig.+ + STANLEY LYON. + _4th August, 1922._ + + + + +APPENDIX. + + +Form A. + +DIRECTIONS. + +1. All prices should be quoted in pence, and should be cash prices at +the shop (not delivered). + +2. Please note the quantity mentioned in the first column in each case, +and let your figures correspond. + +3. If actual prices paid for any item are not available--leave space +blank. _Do not estimate._ + +4. The figures quoted for the month of March, 1922, should be those +prevailing on the date on which you fill up the form. + +5. In the column headed "Observations," please furnish any particulars +concerning the retail prices of food in your district, which, in your +opinion are worthy of observation. + +6. Fill in on the back page of the form particulars of the sources from +which information as to the prices of the commodity has been obtained, +for example:-- + + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + COMMODITY. | SOURCE. | NATURE. + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + Butter | John Macken, Main Street | Large Shop--Day Book + Eggs | Personal knowledge | Direct Country supply + Eggs | Mrs. O'Kane, Dublin Road | Household Pass Book + ------------+-----------------------------+---------------------- + +7. The figures representing the majority of the sales are the figures +required. Exceptional prices are of no value. + +8. In every case you should check your information, whether given of +your knowledge or after investigation by enquiry from more than one +source. + + RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN FOOD COMMODITIES IN __________________________ + AT UNDERMENTIONED DATES. (City, Town, or District). + -----------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------- + | 1913 | 1914 | 1922 | + +----+-----+----+----+---------+---------+ Observa- + Commodity |Jan.|April|July|Oct.|Feb.|July|Feb.|Mar.| tions + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Beef (Irish). | | | | | | | | | + Best cuts per lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second parts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Rough meat lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Mutton (Irish). | | | | | | | | | + Best cuts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second parts lb.| | | | | | | | | + Rough meat lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Bacon. | | | | | | | | | + Smoked (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Smoked (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Unsmoked (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Unsmoked (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Shoulder (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + Shoulder (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + American (piece) lb.| | | | | | | | | + American (rashers) lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Fresh Pork. | | | | | | | | | + Chops lb.| | | | | | | | | + Steaks lb.| | | | | | | | | + Puddings lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Sausages. | | | | | | | | | + Beef lb.| | | | | | | | | + Pork lb.| | | | | | | | | + "Limerick" lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Lard lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Dripping lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Butter. | | | | | | | | | + Irish Creamery lb.| | | | | | | | | + Irish farmer's lb.| | | | | | | | | + New Zealand lb.| | | | | | | | | + Danish lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Margarine. | | | | | | | | | + First Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + Second Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Cheese (give brand | | | | | | | | | + or other description).| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Eggs. | | | | | | | | | + First Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Second Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + Third Grade doz.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Milk. | | | | | | | | | + Fresh quart| | | | | | | | | + Buttermilk quart| | | | | | | | | + Skim Milk quart| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Tinned Milk. | | | | | | | | | + Irish (give size | | | | | | | | | + of tin) | | | | | | | | | + Imported (give | | | | | | | | | + size of tin) | | | | | | | | | + Bread (per 2-lb. Loaf) | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Flour. | | | | | | | | | + Household per stone | | | | | | | | | + Household per sack | | | | | | | | | + of ___ stones. | | | | | | | | | + Best American per | | | | | | | | | + sack of ___ stones. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Meal. | | | | | | | | | + Oaten stone| | | | | | | | | + Wheaten stone| | | | | | | | | + Indian stone| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Rice lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Potatoes stone| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Sugar, White | | | | | | | | | + granulated lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Tea. | | | | | | | | | + Best quality lb.| | | | | | | | | + Cheapest quality lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Coffee, Ground lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Cocoa. | | | | | | | | | + Shell lb.| | | | | | | | | + Tinned lb.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + Jam, Irish (give name | | | | | | | | | + of kind in most | | | | | | | | | + demand). | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Please add any | | | | | | | | | + information available | | | | | | | | | + as to prices of the | | | | | | | | | + following commodities,| | | | | | | | | + giving description of | | | | | | | | | + each item:-- | | | | | | | | | + Fish | | | | | | | | | + Vegetables lb.| | | | | | | | | + Poultry lb.| | | | | | | | | + Fruit lb.| | | | | | | | | + -----------------------+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+--------- + Signature________________________ + Date_________________ + +PARTICULARS OF SOURCES from which information has been obtained:-- + + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + COMMODITY. | SOURCE. | NATURE. + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + Beef | | + Mutton | | + Bacon | | + Fresh Pork | | + Sausages | | + Lard | | + Dripping | | + Butter | | + Margarine | | + Cheese | | + Eggs | | + Milk | | + Tinned Milk | | + Bread | | + Flour | | + Meal | | + Rice | | + Potatoes | | + Sugar | | + Tea | | + Coffee | | + Cocoa | | + Jam | | + Fish | | + Vegetables | | + Poultry | | + Fruit | | + -------------+---------------------+--------------------------- + + +Form B 1. + +INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING IN SPECIAL FORMS FOR RETAIL PRICES. + +(1) The necessary inquiries for filling up these forms should be made +immediately. + +(2) The returns duly completed should be posted so as to reach this +Office _not later than Thursday, 22nd June_. Please do your utmost to +post them as early as possible. + +(3) Get the information from the shops most frequented by the +wage-earning classes. Prices representing the kind, quality, etc., on +which these classes spend most money are the prices required. + +(4) Please note the quantity for which the prices of each commodity are +to be quoted. + +(5) All prices on Forms B 2 and B 3 should be quoted in pence (but +correct to farthings)--thus Sugar 5-3/4d. per lb. + +(6) Give actual prices. If you cannot get them leave blanks; do not give +estimates or averages. For prices for the dates prior to June, 1922, get +the Shopkeepers to look up their books. + +(7) All prices should be cash prices at the shop (_not delivered_) they +should represent the majority of sales and they should be checked by +inquiry from more than one source. + +(8) (_a_) Get prices in all cases from Shopkeepers, giving on each Form +the names and full postal addresses of those who supplied the +information for that Form. + +(_b_) Give exact descriptions of beef, mutton, etc., where you are asked +to do this on the Form. + +(9) Give on the space provided on each Form any explanations or +observations which you think would be helpful. + +=Form B 2.= + +RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES + + in ________________ of __________________________________ + (_Parish_) (_City, Town or District_). + + [_Prices to be correct to the nearest farthing._] + -----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+-------+----- + | |Mid | | | | + | |Mid- |Mid- | | |Mid- + | |Mar.,|June,| | |June, + Commodity. |Per |1922.|1922.| Commodity.[B] |Per |1922. + -----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+-------+----- + | |_d._ |_d._ | | |_d._ + Butter, Irish Factory |lb. | | |Pork Chops |lb. | + Cheese, Golden Spray[A]|lb. | | |Pork Sausages |lb. | + Condensed Milk, Irish |1 lb.| | |Lard |lb. | + full Cream. | tin| | | | | + Condensed Milk, |1 lb.| | | | | + Nestle's | tin| | |Butter, Irish Creamery |lb. | + Rice, Rangoon |lb. | | |Butter, Irish Farmer's |lb. | + Rice, Java |lb. | | |Margarine, First Grade |lb. | + Jam, Strawberry |lb. | | |Margarine, Second |lb. | + | | | | Grade. | | + Fresh Pork, Shoulders |lb. | | |Eggs, First Grade |doz. | + Fish--Red Herrings |doz. | | |Milk, Fresh |Quart | + Fish--Fresh Herrings |doz. | | |Bread |2 lb. | + | | | | | loaf | + Fish--Cod Steak |lb. | | |Flour, Household |14 lbs.| + Tea (quality most used |lb. | | |Oatmeal |14 lbs.| + by working classes). | | | | | | + Cabbage |head | | |Potatoes, Old |14 lbs.| + =============================| | | | | + |July,| | | | | + |1914.| | | | | + Soap, Household (bar) | | | |Sugar, white granulated|lb. | + per lb.| | | | | | + | | | |Tea, Best Quality |lb. | + Candles per lb.| | | | | | + | | | |Tea, Cheapest Quality |lb. | + Paraffin Oil per gal.| | | |================================ + | | | | OBSERVATIONS. + Coal per 112 lbs.| | | | + | | | | + Turf[A] per 112 lbs.| | | | + | | | | + Gas for lighting[A] per| | | | + | | | | + Gas for cooking, per| | | | + &c.[A] | | | | + Electricity for per| | | | + lighting[A] | | | | + Electricity for per| | | | + cooking, &c.[A] | | | | + ========================================================================== + [A: SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.--(_a_) _Cheese_, _Golden Spray._--If this kind + of Cheese is not sold, strike out last two words, insert kind most + usually sold to working classes, and give prices. (_b_) _Turf._--Note, + price is asked for per 112 lbs. State on back of this form how it is + sold in your Parish, and give number of sods, creels, etc., to the 112 + lbs. (_c_) _Gas and Electricity._--Insert the quantity which you are + pricing, and state any "observations" (on the front or back of this + form) which will help in compiling uniform quotations for the different + parts of Ireland.] + + [B: NOTE.--Prices for Mid-June, 1922, only are required for these + particular commodities.] + + _Date_ ______________ (_Signature_) ____________________________ + + =Form B 2=--CONTINUED. + + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------------ + |Name and full postal address| + COMMODITY. | of Shopkeeper or Firm from| OBSERVATIONS. + | whom the information was | + | obtained. | + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------------ + (1) Butter | | + (2) Cheese | | + (3) Condensed Milk| | + (4) Margarine | | + (5) Lard | | + (6) Sausages | | + (7) Fresh Pork | | + (8) Tea | | + (9) Sugar | | + (10) Jam | | + (11) Rice | | + (12) Oatmeal | | + (13) Flour | | + (14) Bread | | + (15) Eggs | | + (16) Milk, fresh | | + (17) Potatoes | | + (18) Cabbage | | + (19) Fish | | + (20) Soap | | + (21) Candles | | + (22) Oil | | + (23) Coal | | + (24) Turf | | + (25) Gas | | + (26) Electricity | | + -------------------+----------------------------+------------------ + + +Form B 3. + +RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES + + in _________________________ of ________________________ + (Parish). (City, Town or District). + ------------------------------------+----------------------------------- + PRICES. | ESTIMATED WEIGHTS. + | + Insert under _Beef_ the exact |On each blank line below insert the + description (e.g., "round steak," |same description as you have + "stewing beef," "rib steak," "corned|already inserted on the same line + brisket," "shoulder," "liver," etc.,|in the lefthand column, then insert + or whatever is the exact |below the best estimates of + description) of each of the six |comparative weights which you can + parts, kinds, etc., on which the |get from the shopkeeper. + _working classes_ at present spend | + most _money_, naming the parts in |That is to say, for every 10 _lbs._ + the order of their importance from |of that part, kind, cut, etc., on + this point of view. Please insert |which the working classes spend + prices opposite each description. |most _money_, insert below the + Similarly, in the case of _Mutton_ |approximate _weight_ of each of the + insert the exact description of the |other descriptions (2), (3), etc., + four parts, kinds, etc., in the |purchased by the working classes. + order of their money importance to | + the working classes, entering the | + exact price opposite each. Again, | + under _Bacon, etc._, insert the | + exact description (e.g., "Irish | + shoulder rashers," "Irish bacon, | + back piece," "American bacon, | + shoulder piece," "Pigs' heads," | + "American Gams," etc., or whatever | + is the exact description) of each of| + the six parts, kinds, cuts, etc., of| + cured pigs on which the _working | + classes_ at present spend most | + _money_, naming the parts in order | + of their importance from this point | + of view. Enter the exact prices | + opposite each description. | + | + Do not estimate prices. As regards | + Mid-March, shopkeeper's books should| + be referred to in each case. | + + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | Mid- | Mid- | | + | March, | June, | | + BEEF, per lb. | 1922. | 1922. | BEEF. | Weights. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (5) | | |(5) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (6) | | |(6) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + MUTTON, per lb. | | | MUTTON. | + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + BACON, &c., | | | | + per lb. | | | BACON, etc. | + | | | | + (1) | | |(1) | 10 lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (2) | | |(2) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (3) | | |(3) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (4) | | |(4) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (5) | | |(5) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + | | | | + (6) | | |(6) | lb. + ------------------+----------+----------+--------------------+---------- + +The working-class families in this district spend about _____ shillings +on Mutton for every 10 shillings spent on Beef. + +For every 10s. which the working classes spend on butchers' meat (beef +and mutton) how much do they spend on bacon and other pig-meat (including +sausages)? ____________ + + Signature ____________________________ Date ____ June, 1922. + + +_Source of Information_ + + +_Observations_ + + +Form B 4. + +CLOTHING OF WAGE-EARNING CLASSES. + +RETAIL PRICES IN ___________________________ + +The prices for 1914 must refer to exactly the same type and quality of +articles as for 1922, which must be of a description in general demand +amongst wage-earning classes in 1922. In all cases of clothing it is the +ready-made article that should be priced, except as regards men's suits, +men's trousers and men's overcoats, for which two sets of prices, (1) +ready-made, (2) tailor-made, should be given. + + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + | State Material and | | July,| Mar.,|June, + Articles. | exact Description. | -- | 1914.| 1922.|1922. + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + | | | s. d.| s. d.|s. d. + (A). Men's. | | | | | + Suits (1) | | each | | | + Suits (2) | | each | | | + Trousers (1) | | pair | | | + Trousers (2) | | pair | | | + Overcoats (1) | | each | | | + Overcoats (2) | | each | | | + Singlets | | each | | | + Drawers | | pair | | | + Shirts | | each | | | + Socks | | pair | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (B). Boys aged | | | | | + about 12. | | | | | + Suits | | each | | | + Overcoats | | each | | | + Shirts | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (C). Women's. | | | | | + Light Coats | | each | | | + Heavy Coats | | each | | | + Costumes | | each | | | + Blouses | | each | | | + Skirts | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Combinations | | pair | | | + Corsets | | each | | | + Underskirts | | each | | | + Chemises | | each | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (D). Girls aged | | | | | + about 12. | | | | | + Coats | | each | | | + Dresses | | each | | | + Stockings | | pair | | | + Combinations | | pair | | | + Stays | | each | | | + Petticoats | | each | | | + Chemises | | each | | | + Boots | | pair | | | + -------------------+------------------------+------+------+------+----- + (E).--MATERIALS purchased by Wage-earning Classes (same kind and quality + at each date). + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + | | | July,| Mar.,| June, + Materials. | Exact Description, Width, &c. | Per | 1914.| 1922.| 1922. + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + | | | s. d.| s. d.| s. d. + Woollen Yarn | | lb. | | | + Calico | | yard| | | + Cotton | | yard| | | + Flannel | | yard| | | + Flannelette | | yard| | | + Serge | | yard| | | + Tweed | | yard| | | + Print | | yard| | | + -------------+-------------------------------+-----+------+------+------ + +(F).--Names and full postal addresses of shopkeepers, firms, &c., from whom +information on this Form B. 4 was obtained. + + +(G).--Observations. + + +_Signature_ _______________________________ + +_Date_ ______________________ + +_This Form should be returned by the day of June_, 1922. Form B 5. + +REPRESENTATIVE RENTS PAID BY WAGE-EARNING CLASSES IN + +I.--WHOLE HOUSE OCCUPIED BY ONE FAMILY. + +I.--The houses referred to below should be representative of +wage-earning class dwellings in as many different districts as possible. +Houses owned by the Local Authority should be indicated by an asterisk +placed after the postal number; such houses should only form their due +proportion of the number mentioned below since the Return is required to +show the true average change in rents in all wage-earning class houses. +_Rents of actual houses should be given: different rents are not to be +averaged_. + + ---------------+---------+------+-----------------------+ + | |No. | Annual Rent[B] | + | |of | (including rates) | + |Postal[A]|rooms | of each house. | + Name of Street.| No. or |in |-------+-------+-------+ + | Nos. of |each | July, | Mar., | June, | + | houses. |house.| 1914. | 1922. | 1922. | + ---------------+---------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + | | | L | s.| L | s.| L | s.| + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + ---------------+---------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + +Continuation of above table + --------------+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------- + | | | + | | Annual Rates | P.L. Valuation + |Postal[A]| on each house. | of each house. + Name of Street| No. or |--------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------- + | Nos. of | July, | Mar., | June, | July, | Mar., | June, + | houses. | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. | 1914. | 1922. | 1922. + --------------+---------+--+--+--+--+--|--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+--- + | | L|s.|L |s.| L|s.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + --------------+---------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+--- +[A. Owned by the Local Authority.] + +[B. It is the ANNUAL rent that should be entered; accordingly +weekly, monthly or quarterly rents at the above dates should be +multiplied by 52, 12, or 4 respectively, and the result entered.] + +Form B 5--continued. + +II.--PART ONLY OF HOUSE OCCUPIED BY FAMILY. + +II.--The houses or tenements should be in as many different districts as +possible and the particulars should be representative of wage-earning +class accommodation in those districts. _Actual rents are to be given: +different rents are not to be averaged._ + + ------+------+--------------+------------------------------------ + | | Number[A] of| Amount of Rent paid per week + Name |Postal|rooms occupied| for the rooms + of |No. of|by each family|-----------+------------+----------- + Street|house.|selected. |July, 1914.|March, 1922.|June, 1922. + ------+------+--------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----- + | | | s. | d. | s. | d. | s. | d. + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | + ------+------+--------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----- + +[A: The numbers required are to represent different types of +wage-earning class accommodation and, therefore, families should +be selected occupying different numbers of rooms so as to properly +represent local conditions.] + +_Date_ __________ 1922. _Signature_ ______________________ + + +=Form B 6.=--Page 1. + +HOUSEHOLD BUDGET. + +PARTICULARS for all persons in a household at _________ Co +__________ during the seven days ended ___ June, 1922. + +(NOTE.--Particulars for _each_ person should be given, one line +being devoted to _each_). + + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + Description | | | |Earnings + (_e.g._, husband, wife,| Sex | | | for + father, son, niece, | (M) Male |Age.|Occupation.|the seven + servant, lodger, &c.).|(F) Female| | [1] | days.[2] + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + | | | | s. d. + (1) | | | | + (2) | | | | + (3) | | | | + (4) | | | | + (5) | | | | + (6) | | | | + (7) | | | | + (8) | | | | + (9) | | | | + (10) | | | | + -----------------------+----------+----+-----------+--------- + [1. _e.g._, "Carpenter," "Dock |Total earnings(A)| + labourer," "domestic duties," "at| | + school," &c.] |Other receipts[E]| + [2. If there is a servant, her |-----------------|--------- + wages should not be included here]Total income (B) | + (E) Receipts of old age or other |-----------------+--------- + pensions should be included here and not in the column for + "earnings" above. Please state on the following lines + particulars of pensions or other receipts:-- + ---------------------------+---------------------------------- + Observations with regard to| SUMMARY. + particulars on this page. |---------------------------------- + | Number of Persons + | No. + |Who earned cash (A) ________ + |Who did not earn cash (A) ________ + |Total number of persons + | in the household ________ + |---------------------------------- + | s. d. + |Total _income_ (B) + | for the seven days ________ + |---------------------------------- + | Number of Persons + | No. + |Under 4 years ________ + |4 years to 13 (inclusive) ________ + |14 years and over ________ + | -------- + |Total number of persons + | in the household ________ + +=Form B 6.=--Page 2. + +QUANTITIES AND COSTS OF ARTICLES CONSUMED DURING THE SEVEN DAYS ___ +JUNE, TO ___ JUNE, 1922. + + --------------------------+------+----+--------------------------+----+---- + | Qty. |s.d.| |Qty.|s.d. + FOOD. | | | FUEL AND LIGHT. | | + (1) Beef | lb. | |(29) Coal |cwt.| + (2) Mutton | lb. | |(30) Turf |cwt.| + (3) Fresh pork | lb. | |(31) Firewood | | + (4) Sausages, black | lb. | |(32) Gas | | + puddings, &c. | | |(33) Electricity | | + (5) Bacon, pigs' heads, | lb. | |(34) Candles |lb. | + &c. | | |(35) Paraffin Oil |pts.| + --------------------------+------+----|(36) Other Fuel and Light |[3] | + | | |--------------------------+----+---- + (6) Total Meat[4] | [3] |[4] |(37) Total Fuel & Light(E)|[3] | + (7) Fresh Fish | [3] | |--------------------------+----+---- + (8) Cured or Tinned Fish | [3] | | | | + (9) Butter | lb. | | HOUSEHOLD REQUISITES. | | + (10) Cheese | lb. | |(38) Soap | | + (11) Margarine | lb. | |(39) Starch, blue, |[3] | + (12) Lard | lb. | | polishes, &c. | | + (13) Fresh Milk | pts. | |(40) Crockery, hardware, |[3] | + (14) Condensed Milk | lb. | | &c. | | + (15) Eggs | doz. | |(41) Other household |[3] | + (16) Bread | 2 lb.| | requisites. | | + |loaves| |(42) Total Household |[3] | + (17) Flour | lb. | | Requisites (F). | | + (18) Oatmeal, &c. | lb. | |--------------------------+----+---- + (19) Rice, Sago, &c. | lb. | | | | + (20) Potatoes | lb. | | SUNDRIES. | | + (21) Other Vegetables | [3] | |(43) Pipe tobacco |oz. | + (22) Tea | lb. | |(44) Cigarettes |oz. | + (23) Sugar | lb. | |(45) Medicines, Ointments,|[3] | + (24) Jam | lb. | | Ointments, &c. | | + (25) Other food | [3] | |(46) Newspapers, &c. |[3] | + (26) Meals eaten at shops,| [3] | |(47) Train and tram fares,|[3] | + &c. | | | &c. | | + --------------------------+------+----|(48) Insurances |[3] | + (27) Total Food (C) | [3] |[4] |(49) | | + --------------------------+------+----|(50) | | + |(51) | | + (28) Clothes boots and | [3] | |--------------------------+----+ + shoes (D) | | |(52) Total Sundries (G) |[3] | + --------------------------+------+----+--------------------------+----+ + +[3: Cost only is required.] + +[4: When totting be careful not to add in Meat twice over.] + +NOTE.--Food purchased for poultry, pigs, &c.; materials for making up +garments for _sale_; implements for producing goods _for sale_, &c., +should not be included above. + +_(H) RENTS (Including rates)._--What is the weekly rent (including rates) +of the house or rooms occupied by the household? ___ shillings and ___ pence. + +Does the family own the house? ________ (yes or no). If the answer is "yes," +insert the equivalent rent and rates. + +Observations on Weekly Costs and on rent:-- + +=Form B 6.=--Page 3. + +COST OF CLOTHING (INCLUDING BOOTS AND SHOES) FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS, +JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, INCLUSIVE. + +As it is exceptionally difficult to obtain representative costs of +clothing, you are earnestly requested to help the Government by going to +the greatest pains to give below the most accurate figures you possibly +can for the cost of the clothing (including boots and shoes) used up by +the household during the twelve months, July, 1921, to June, 1922, +inclusive. Costs of materials purchased for clothing (_e.g._, cotton for +children's dresses) should be included, any costs of making-up should be +added. Material purchased for making up articles for _sale_ should not +be entered. COSTS FOR REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS OF CLOTHING +(including boots and shoes) should be included. FOR ARTICLES WHICH +USUALLY LAST MORE THAN TWELVE MONTHS include below only the +proportionate cost for the twelve months. For instance, if an overcoat +is usually bought only once in _three_ years, enter below only +_one-third_ of the price; even if the overcoat was purchased eighteen +months ago, one-third of the cost should still be stated below. If the +exact amount of money spent during the twelve months on, for instance, +boys' stockings, cannot be remembered, but if it is known that a pair +lasts about _four months_, then include below _three times_ the price of +the last pair. The lists below are intended for your convenience; some +of the articles may not have been used, others more important than some +mentioned may have to be included with minor expenditure under "Other +Clothing." + + -----------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ + For Women. |For Girls over 6.| For Men. | For Boys over 6. + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + | | | | | | | + |L s.| |L s.| |L s.| |L s. + | | | | | | | + Coats | |Coats | |Overcoats | |Overcoats | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Hats | |Hats | |Suits | |Suits | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Costumes | |Dresses | |Hats | |Caps | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Blouses, &c.| |Stockings | |Singlets | |Shirts | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Skirts | |Combinations | |Drawers | |Stockings | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Stockings | |Stays | |Shirts | |Boots & Shoes| + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Combinations| |Petticoats | |Socks | |Other | + | | | | | |Clothing | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Corsets | |Chemises | |Boots & Shoes| | Total | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Underskirts | |Boots & Shoes| |Other | | Per Boy | + | | | |Clothing | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Chemises | |Other | | | |For children | + | |Clothing | | | | under 6. | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Boots & | | | | | | |L s. + Shoes | | | | | |Total | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----|childen's | + Other | | | | | |clothes, | + clothing | | | | | |boots, &c. | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Total of | |Total of | |Total of | |Per Child | + above | |above | |above | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + Per Woman | |Per Girl | |Per Man | | | + ------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+----+-------------+---- + (I.) Total cost of Clothing, Boots and Shoes, for the whole household for + 12 months, L : : + +OBSERVATIONS on costs of clothing (including Boots and +Shoes):-- + +Form B 6.--Page 4. + +COST OF FUEL AND LIGHT FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS, JULY, 1921, TO JUNE, 1922, +inclusive. + +As the cost of fuel and light is so different in winter and summer, will +you please state below, as accurately as possible, the expenditure on +fuel and light by the household during the past twelve months, and the +corresponding quantities of the items consumed. + + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + |Quantity.|L s.| |Quantity.|L s. + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Coal | tons. | |Electricity for | | + | | | lighting | | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Turf | tons. | |Electricity for | | + | | | cooking, &c. | | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Firewood | | |Candles | lb.| + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Gas for lighting | | |Paraffin Oil | galls.| + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + Gas for cooking, &c.| | |Other fuel and light| | + --------------------+---------+-----+--------------------+---------+----- + +(J). Total expenditure on Fuel and Light for the twelve months ___L + +Observations on fuel and light:-- + +General Observations:-- + +The figures and observations inserted on these four pages are reliable +to the best of my knowledge and belief. + + + Signature of Teacher or Assistant______________Rank_____________ + + Address of School_______________________________________________ + + Date_____________1922. + +Form B 7. + +INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEALING WITH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET FORM B 6. + +1. Select the household with one or more wage-earners for which you can +give the most reliable particulars. You can choose any type of household +you think fit, it does not matter whether it be a household even of +twenty or even of one, whether comfortably off or poorly off, with many +children or with few or no children, with several wage-earners or with +only one, with no men, with no women, with a visitor, with a servant, +etc., provided the household chosen is one of the wage-earning class. +This will ensure that taking the country as a whole the budgets will +represent every day conditions and avoid anything exceptional. + +2. If you select a household with a plot or garden in which food is +produced, or one with fowl or pigs, etc., a note to this effect should +be made under "Observations." + +3. Make no statement which would identify the household for which you +send an account; as a further precaution the individual returns will be +treated as strictly confidential--your figures will be used only in +totting them with figures in a large number of other budgets in order to +arrive at averages, etc. + +4. If you live with a wage earner and give the budget of your own house, +do not state that the household is your own, but you will of course +place the word "teacher" on one line in the occupation column of the +first table (a teacher is not necessarily a national school teacher; in +any case the budget will be treated as strictly confidential). + +5. If you can get accurate particulars for the days of the current week, +do so. If not, would you ask the householder to keep an account for the +seven days immediately following the receipt of this communication. Post +your budget so as to reach here by the 30th June, at latest. Spend all +the time you can spare to get the particulars as accurate as possible. + +6. Under "Observations" on each page give any remarks that may be +helpful, especially explanations of unusually large or small figures. +The budgets will be closely scrutinised. + +7. Do not stamp the envelope; it will come post free. + +PAGE 1. + +8. Give a line to each individual in the household from the oldest to +the youngest. In the summary table include as earners any who earn even +a few shillings. In case short time or only a few hours were worked this +should be stated under "Observations." + +PAGE 2. + +9. Get the quantity and cost of the items _consumed_ in the week. In +most cases it will be accurate enough to state _purchases_ during the +week, but where there has been an unusually large purchase of food, +etc., to last more than one week (or an unusually small purchase owing +to a large quantity being in hand at the beginning of the week) give the +quantity and cost of the week's consumption. You are, however, +definitely instructed to state the _purchases_ during the week of such +articles as "clothing, boots and shoes," "crockery, hardware," etc., and +of all such goods which are intended to last more than one week. If any +article (e.g., a suit of clothes, etc.) is purchased on an easy payment +system give the total cost--not the amount of the instalment. It is +anticipated that a small number of budgets will contain abnormally large +figures for "clothing, boots and shoes," etc., and in such cases +particulars should be given under the "Observations." + +Loads, creels, etc., of turf should be converted to the equivalent +weight. + +RENT.--The figure required is to include rates. If the +household owns the house, this should be stated and the equivalent rent +(including rates) should be given. If the household do not occupy a +whole house, this should be stated. + +10. You will observe that the week's expenditure will not necessarily be +the same as the week's income. + +PAGES 3 AND 4 + +11. The difficulty of giving as accurate figures on pages 3 and 4 as on +pages 1 and 2 is recognised, but you are earnestly requested to do the +very best you can to give reliable figures. Under "Observations" on the +last page give an indication of the degree of accuracy of your figures. + +12. Do not send a budget at all unless you are satisfied that the +figures are reliable on the whole. + + + + + PRINTED BY A. THOM & CO., LTD., DUBLIN. + 16459. 750. 9. 1922. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, by +Ministry of Economic Affairs + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE COST OF LIVING *** + +***** This file should be named 37666.txt or 37666.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/6/6/37666/ + +Produced by Brian Foley, Barbara Kosker and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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