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diff --git a/37593-8.txt b/37593-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab1e0db --- /dev/null +++ b/37593-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2613 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 90, July +19, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 90, July 19, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 1, 2011 [EBook #37593] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JULY 19, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with +an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top. Underscores +have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages +in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 90. SATURDAY, JULY 19. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + Page + + NOTES:-- + + A Caxton Memorial suggested, by Bolton Corney 33 + + Supposed Witchcraft 35 + + The late Sir John Graham Dalyell 35 + + Appropriation of a Thought, by James Cornish 36 + + The "Eisell" Controversy, by Samuel Hickson 36 + + Minor Notes:--"Miserrimus"--The Dog and Duck, St. George's + Fields--The Habit of profane Swearing by the + English--Tennyson's Use of the Word "Cycle"--A Moiety 37 + + QUERIES:-- + + Etymology of Fontainebleau, by H. H. Breen 38 + + Force of Conscience 38 + + English Literature in the North, by George Stephens 38 + + Minor Queries:--Painted Portraits of Overton--Fourth + Fare--John Wood, Architect--Derivation of "Spon"--Dell, in + what County--Bummaree or Bumaree--Thread the Needle--Proof + of a Sword--Shelley's Children--Ackey Trade--Baskerville + the Printer--Statue of Charles II.--La Mère Jeanne--Man + Of War, why a Ship Of War so called--Secret Service Money + of Charles II.--Hampton Court 39 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--De Rebus Hibernicis--Abridgment + of the Assizes--Life Of Cromwell 41 + + REPLIES:-- + + Written Sermons and Extempore Preaching 41 + + Fest Sittings 42 + + Histoire des Sévérambes, by H. H. Breen 43 + + Salting the Dead 43 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Bogatsky--Baronette--Rifles + --Miss--Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest--English Sapphics-- + Welwood--Bellarmio's Monstrous Paradox--Jonah and the + Whale--Book Plates 44 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 46 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 46 + + Notices to Correspondents 47 + + Advertisements 47 + + + + +Notes. + +A CAXTON MEMORIAL SUGGESTED. + +After Caxton had slept with his fathers for three centuries, remembered +only by a few antiquaries, it was deemed fit that a public monument +should record his merits. + +The Roxburghe club, much to the honour of its members, undertook to bear +the cost of it, and to superintend its execution. With regard to its +location, there was no question as to the paramount claims of +Westminster. It was proposed, in the first instance, to place it in the +collegiate church of St. Peter, within the precincts of which church +Caxton had exercised his art. The want of a convenient space was rather +an obstacle to that plan: a more serious obstacle was the amount of fees +demanded on such occasions. It was then decided, and perhaps with more +propriety, that it should be placed in the parish church of St. +Margaret; and the execution of the monument, which was to be of the +tablet form, was entrusted to the younger Westmacott.[1] An engraving of +it has been published.[2] The inscription is + + "_To the memory_ + of William Caxton + who first introduced into Great Britain + the art of printing + and who A.D. 1477 or earlier + exercised that art + in the abbey of Westminster. + This tablet + _in remembrance_ of one + to whom + the literature of his country + is so largely indebted + was raised + anno Domini MDCCCXX + by the Roxburghe club + earl Spencer, K.G. president." + + [Footnote 1: T. F. Dibdin, _Reminiscences of a literary life_. + London, 1836. 8vo. i. 386.] + + [Footnote 2: J. Martin, _A catalogue of books privately printed_. + London, 1834. 8vo. p. 486.] + +The monument, as a piece of sculpture, is simplicity itself, and +therefore suitable to the place of its destination. To the inscription I +venture to make some slight objections: 1. Whether Caxton "introduced +into Great Britain the art of printing" admits of a doubt. There is no +evidence to invalidate the colophon of the _Exposicio S. Jeronimi in +simbolo Apostolorum_.[3] Dibdin fully believed in its authenticity.[4] +2. Caxton is very imperfectly designated. He was a well-informed writer, +a most assiduous translator, and a very careful editor. As early as +1548, he was classed among the _Illustres majoris Britanniæ +scriptores_[5]--but we are on the decline, it seems, in point of tact +and intelligence. 3. The date of his decease, and the place of his +burial, should have been stated. The facts are recorded in the accounts +of the churchwardens of this very parish, and _nowhere else_.[6] 4. The +inscription, as a composition, wants terseness: on this point, I content +myself with giving a hint _typographically_. + + [Footnote 3: S. W. Singer, _Some account of the book printed at + Oxford in 1468_. London, 1812. 8vo. p. 44.] + + [Footnote 4: _Typographical antiquities_, by Joseph Ames, etc. + London, 1810. 4to. _Life of Caxton_, p. 75.] + + [Footnote 5: _Illvstrivm maíoris Britanniae scriptorvm summari[=u] + avtore Ioanne Balaeo._ Gippeswici, 1548. 4to. fol. 208.] + + [Footnote 6: John Nichols, _Illustrations of the manners and + expences of ancient times_. London, 1797. 4to. p. 3.] + +In 1847 a fresh attempt as made to revive the memory of Caxton. After +due notice, a public meeting was held on the 12th of June to "promote +the erection of a monument to commemorate the introduction of printing +into England, and in honour of William Caxton, the earliest English +printer"--the lord Morpeth in the chair. The meeting was extremely well +attended. The form of monument proposed was, the combination of a +fountain by day and a light by night--the poetical conception of the +rev. H. H. Milman. Some excellent speeches were made--and I cannot but +particularize that of the noble chairman; considerable sums were +subscribed--the messieurs Clowes tendering 100_l._; a committee, a +sub-committee, a treasurer, and a secretary, were appointed.[7]--With +the proceedings of that meeting, as publicly reported, my information +terminated. + + [Footnote 7: _The Times_, June 14, 1847.] + +After a lapse of four years, a meeting of the subscribers to the _Caxton +Testimonial_ was advertised for the 10th of July, to "consider an offer +made by the Coalbrookdale Iron Company to erect an _iron statue of +Caxton_--and, in the event of the proposal being adopted, to determine +the best means of carrying the same into effect." I was much astonished +at this announcement. A meeting to consider an offer to perpetuate a +fiction in connexion with an art which surpasses all other arts in its +power of establishing truth! On reflection, I became calm; and felt that +Mr. Henry Cole, the honorary secretary, was perfectly right in adopting +the customary phraseology. The result of this meeting is a desideratum. +It seems to have been private; for an examination of 300 columns of _The +Times_, being, the history of four days, did not lead to the discovery +of one word on the _iron statue of Caxton_. + +If the statue-mania did not now prevail to an unexampled extent, I +should feel much confidence in the sound sense of the subscribers--but I +have my misgivings. + +According to _my_ feelings, which I avail myself of this opportunity of +recording, we may commemorate an eminent individual in better ways than +by the erection of a statue; the philanthropist, by an alms-house--the +scholar, by scholarships--the naval commander, by a sea-mark--etc. +Admitting that a statue may sometimes be the most desirable form of +monument, the _statue_ of an individual of whose features we are in +entire ignorance is a misnomer. It is scarcely less than an absurdity. + +As I have intimated that there is no authentic portrait of Caxton, I +must now justify my conviction. Ames published a woodcut as a portrait +of our venerable Caxton[8]: Dibdin discovered it to be a "portrait of +Burchiello,"[9] an eccentric Florentine barber!--le poète le plus +bizarre qui ait jamais écrit! Horace Walpole published a print said to +represent earl Rivers "introducing Caxton to Edward IV."[10] It was +copied from an illuminated MS. in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, +No. 265. Now, what says Mr. Todd? "That Caxton _printed this book_ in +1477, is well known. But what has that circumstance to do with the earl +_presenting or attending the presentation of his own manuscript_? The +figure here introduced by the earl is evidently, by the tonsure and +habit, a _priest_; which Caxton was not."[11] I have heard of no other +engraved portraits of Caxton. + + [Footnote 8: _Typographical antiquities._ London, 1749. 4to. p. + 54.] + + [Footnote 9: _The bibliographical decameron._ London, 1817. 8vo. + ii. 288.] + + [Footnote 10: _Catalogue of royal and noble authors._ + Strawberry-hill, 1758. 8vo. i. 60.] + + [Footnote 11: _Catalogue of the archiepiscopal manuscripts at + Lambeth._ London, 1812. Fol. p. 37.] + +Viewing Caxton as a man of considerable literary abilities, and as the +_first English printer_, I have now to propose for him a monument which +shall do justice to his merits in both capacities--a monument which +shall be visible at all times, and in all places: I propose a collective +impression of his original compositions. Such a volume would be the best +account of his life and works. It would also exhibit much of the +literary history of the times--some sound criticism and notions on +editorship--and curious specimens of the style of our forefathers. It +would comprise what no wealth could procure--what no single library +could produce. It would be, to use the forcible words of messieurs +Visconti and Castellan, on a somewhat similar occasion, "un monument +plus utile et plus durable que ceux même que l'on peut ériger avec le +marbre et le bronze."[12] + + [Footnote 12: _Journal des savans._ 1818. 4to. p. 389.] + + _Proposed Conditions._ + + 1. A volume, to be entitled THE CAXTON MEMORIAL, shall be printed + for subscribers under approved editorship, and shall contain all + the original compositions of WILLIAM CAXTON, as proems, notes, + colophons, etc., with specimens of his translations, and + fac-simile cuts of his device and types. + + 2. In order to expedite the progress of the volume, and to ensure + the _perfect accuracy_ of its contents, there shall be three + co-editors--one of whom shall act as secretary. + + 3. The volume shall be printed in Roman type, with the ancient + orthography and punctuation; and in two sizes--in royal octavo, + and in demy octavo. + + 4. Subscribers of 1_l._ 1_s._ shall be entitled to a copy on royal + paper, and subscribers of 10_s._ 6_d._ to a copy on demy paper. + + 5. Each editor shall be entitled to the same number of copies as + are allowed by the Camden and other similar societies. + + 6. The number of copies printed shall not exceed the number for + which subscriptions shall have been received, except as required + by the fifth rule, and as presents to such public libraries, or + private collectors, as may furnish a part of the materials. + + 7. Printers and publishers subscribing for six copies shall be + allowed a discount of 25 per cent. + + 8. The names of the subscribers, and an account of the receipts + and expenditure, shall be added to the volume. + +The project now announced was formed by me, as to its principal +features, at the close of the year 1849; but not a line was written +before the appearance of the advertisement of the 5th instant. It had +been communicated, however, in private, to the editor of "NOTES AND +QUERIES." To this fact I have no doubt he will cheerfully bear witness. +As the previous scheme of a _Caxton Testimonial_ was then almost +forgotten, the idea could not have been conceived in spirit of rivalry. +Nevertheless, if need be, I would oppose to the utmost of my ability, +and fearless of any array of names which the rolls of literature may +furnish, the PERPETUATION OF A FICTION. + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + Barnes Terrace, Surrey, July 15. + + +SUPPOSED WITCHCRAFT. + +Cole, in his manuscript volume xlvi. p. 340, gives the copy of a paper +written at the beginning of the seventeenth century, addressed to some +Justices in Quarter Sessions, though of what county is not mentioned:-- + + "Maye it please your worships to understand what troubles, + sicknesse, and losses the Petitioner hath suffered, and in what + manner theye happened, and by plaine tokens and lyklyhood, by the + meanes of this woman and others; but chiefly by her, as is + gathered by all conjectures. And first of all, a Boare which I + have, was in such case, that he could not crye nor grunt as + beforetyme; neither could he goe, but creepe, until we used some + meanes to recover him; but all was to no purpose, untill such tyme + as we sent for Nicholas Wesgate, who, when he saw him, said, 'He + was madd or bewitched;' and my Wyfe using meanes to give him some + Milke, he bit her by the hand, and I fearing he was madd, sent + after my wyfe, being toward Norwich, that she might get something + at the Apothecaries to prevent the danger we feared: and that + Horse which my man did ryde upon after my wife, was taken lame as + he returned back again, and suddenly after was swollen lyke a + Bladder which is blown, and died within eight dayes. Nexte a Calfe + was taken lame, the legg turning upward, which was a strange sight + to them whoe did beholde the same. Suddenly after that I had fyve + Calves more, which should have sold for xiij_s._ iiij_d._ the + Calfe, being sound and well in the evening, and the next daye in + the morning they were in such case as wee could not endure to come + nigh them, by reason of a filthy noisome savour, theyre hayre + standinge upright on theyre backes, and theye shakinge in such + sorte as I never sawe, nor any other, I suppose, lyveynge. Againe + within a short space I had another Calfe, which was taken so + strangely, as if the backe were broken, and much swollen, and + within the space of three or four dayes it dyed. And within two or + three dayes after, another Calfe was taken in such sorte that it + turned round about, and did goe as if the backe were broken. Then + was I wished to burne it, and I carried the Calfe to burne it, and + after it was burned, I was taken with paynes and gripings, and soe + continued in such sort, untyll shee came to my House; whereupon I + did earnestly chide her, and said I would beate her, and that + daye, I prayse God, I was restored to my former health." + + H. E. + + +THE LATE SIR JOHN GRAHAM DALYELL, BARONET, OF BINNS, N.B. + +This learned and accomplished gentleman was born in 1776. He was +educated for the Scottish bar, to which he was called in the year 1797. +Within a year or two after he was enrolled as a member of the Faculty, +he produced his first quarto, _Fragments of Scottish History_. This was +followed, in the year 1801, by a collection of _Scottish Poems of the +Sixteenth Century_, in two octavo volumes. In 1809 appeared a _Tract +chiefly relative to Monastic Antiquities, with some Account of a recent +Search for the Remains of the Scottish Kings interred in the Abbey of +Dunfermline_, the first of four or five thin octavos, in which Mr. +Graham Dalyell called attention to those ecclesiastical records of the +north, so many of which have since been printed by the Bannatyne, +Maitland, and Spalding Clubs, under the editorial care of Mr. Cosmo +Innes. A later and more laborious work was his _Essay on the Darker +Superstitions of Scotland_; a performance which embodies the fruit of +much patient study in rare and little read works, and affords many +curious glimpses of the popular mythology of the north. The long list of +the productions of Sir John Graham Dalyell closes with his _Musical +Memoirs of Scotland_, published little more than a twelvemonth ago. The +deceased baronet was distinguished also by his acquaintance with +mechanical science, and still more by his knowledge of Natural History. +Of the zeal with which he prosecuted this last pursuit, he has left a +signal monument in his _Rare and Remarkable Animals of Scotland_. Sir +John succeeded to the family title and estates, as sixth baronet, on the +death of his elder brother, Sir James Dalyell, on February 1, 1841. He +had previously been advanced to the honours of knighthood, by patent +under the Great Seal, in the year 1836. He had been for some time in +infirm health, and died at his residence, Great King Street, Edinburgh, +on May 17, 1851, in his seventy-fourth year. Dying unmarried, he is +succeeded by his younger brother, now Sir William Cunningham Cavendish +Dalyell, of Binns, baronet, Commander R.N., Royal Hospital, Greenwich. + + ABERDENIENSIS. + + +APPROPRIATION OF A THOUGHT--OLDHAM, DRYDEN, AND BYRON.--THE STATE OF +MIND IN THE PROGRESS OF COMPOSITION. + + "How when the Fancy, lab'ring for a birth, + With unfelt Throws brings its rude issue forth: + How after, when imperfect, shapeless thought + Is by the judgment into Fashion wrought, + When at first search I traverse o'er my mind, + Nought but a dark and empty void I find: + Some little hints at length like sparks break thence, + _And glimmering thoughts just dawning into sense: + Confus'd awhile the mixt ideas lie, + With nought of mark to be discover'd by, + Like colours undistinguish'd in the night, + Till the dusk images, moved to the light, + Teach the discerning Faculty to choose + Which it had best adopt and which refuse._" + + "Some New Pieces" in Oldham's Works, + pp. 126-27., 1684. + +Dryden, alluding to his work: + + "When it was only a confused mass of thoughts _tumbling_ over one + another in the dark; when the fancy was yet in its _first work_, + moving the _sleeping images of things_ towards the light, there to + be distinguished, and there either to be _chosen_ or rejected by + the _judgment_."--Dedication to the _Rival Ladies_. + +Lord Byron's appropriation of the same idea: + + ---- "As yet 'tis but a chaos + Of darkly brooding thoughts: my fancy is + In her _first work_, more nearly to the light + Holding the sleeping images of things + For the selection of the pausing judgment." + + _Doge of Venice._ + +Had Oldham or Dryden the prior claim to the thought? Byron derived _his_ +plagiarism from D'Israeli, "On the Literary Character" (vol. i. p. 284., +1828), where Dryden's Dedication to his _Rival Ladies_ is quoted, and +_not_ from the Dedication itself, as the _Retrospective Review_ imagined +(vol. vii. p. 158.), "by levying contributions in the most secret and +lonely recesses of our literature." + + JAMES CORNISH. + + +THE "EISELL" CONTROVERSY. + +When Polonius proposed to use the players according to their desert, +Hamlet rebuked him with "Much better man! use every man after his +desert, and who shall 'scape whipping? Use them after your own honour +and dignity!" I do not think it necessary to notice that what is merely +coarse and vulgar in an unprovoked attack upon myself, feeling that I +have no right to expect the man who has no consideration for his own +dignity to think of mine. But when an attempt is made to sow dissension +between me and those whose opinions I value, and whose characters I +esteem, I feel that in justice to myself and in satisfaction to them, a +few words are not out of place. + +Some few of your readers may have seen a pamphlet in reply to MR. +SINGER, on the meaning of _eisell_ and from certain insinuations about +"pegs and wires," and a "literary coterie," it might be supposed that +there existed some other bond for the support of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +than a common object affords. I wish then to inform such of them as may +not happen to belong to the "coterie" in question (which I suppose +exists somewhere--perhaps holds a sort of witch's-sabbath on some +inaccessible peak in the pamphleteer's imagination), that I have never, +to my knowledge, even seen either MR. SINGER or the editor of "NOTES AND +QUERIES;" and that, so far from meaning offence to the angry gentleman +who seems disposed to run-a-muck against all who come in his way, I +actually supposed all meant in good part, and characterised his remarks +as "pleasant criticism." + +From an apparent inability, however, of this pamphleteer to distinguish +between pleasantry and acrimony, he has attempted to fix on me offences +against others when I have ventured to dissent from their conclusions. +All I can say is, that I have never written anything inconsistent with +the very high respect I feel for the abilities and the great services +rendered by the gentlemen I have had occasion to allude to. + +Dire is the wrath of the pamphleteer that he should have been charged by +MR. SINGER with "want of truth." That gentleman doubtless saw what I did +not, the implied insinuation--since burst into full flower--about a +"coterie." Yet the candid controversialist, now, after due deliberation, +insinuates that a "canon of criticism," which I ventured to suggest, and +at which he now finds it convenient to sneer, was remembered for the +purpose of "bolstering up" MR. SINGER'S "bad argument." So far from this +being the case, he knows that I used MR. SINGER'S argument--at the close +of, and apart from the main purpose of my letter, to illustrate mine. +So, in another place, in the attempt to show up my "charming and +off-hand modesty," he quotes my opinion that the meaning of "rack" +might be "settled at once and for ever," suppressing the fact that I +made the assertion with a view of "testing the correctness of my opinion +that the question was not one of etymology, but of construction. In +short, an adept in the use of those weapons which are of value only +where victory seems a higher aim than truth, his honesty would appear to +be upon a level with his taste. + +I have now done with this gentleman. Of the importance of inquiries into +nice verbal distinctions there might be a question, but that they +sometimes furnish a clue to more valuable discoveries but for this fact +I should little regard them. At all events, the remark about the +difference "'twixt tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee," comes with strange +inconsistency from one who has written fifty-two pages with no other +result than raising the question whether "bitter" was not "sour," and +proving how both qualities may be combined in a truly "nauseous +medicament." + + SAMUEL HICKSON. + + St. John's Wood. + + [Our attention having, been directed by the preceding letter to + Mr. Causton's pamphlet, we procured and read it, with feelings of + deep pain, not for ourselves but for the writer. We are content to + rest the justification of our conduct in abridging, or, as Mr. + Causton terms it, "mutilating," that gentleman's communication, on + the very passages which we omitted, and he has reprinted. Mr. + Causton's pamphlet, written in defence of his literary reputation, + proves that that reputation has no enemy so dangerous as himself. + We may add that we propose next week publishing a summary of the + evidence on both sides of this disputed question, written not by + Mr. Causton nor Mr. Hickson, but by a correspondent who, like + those gentlemen, is personally unknown to us.] + + +Minor Notes. + +"_Miserrimus._"--I have an extraordinary little volume, which, I am +told, was written by Frederic Mansell Reynolds, who died in June, 1850, +entitled, "_Miserrimus_. On a gravestone in Worcester Cathedral is this +inscription, 'Miserrimus,' with neither name, date, nor comment. NOT +PUBLISHED. Printed by Davison, Simmons, & Co., 1832," 12mo. + +The work purports to be a sort of autobiography of a most miserable +wretch, and we are left to suppose that his remains lie under the stone +in question, for we are not furnished with any preface or introduction. +Whether the author was aware of the name of the person over whom so +singular an inscription was placed does not appear; but there is no +reason to believe that the repulsive and painful aberrations he details +had any relation to the individual buried under the memorial of +"Miserrimus," whose name is recorded in Chambers's _Biographical +Illustrations of Worcestershire_, p. 310., as the Rev. Thomas Morris, +who was deprived of all ecclesiastical preferment for refusing to +acknowledge the king's supremacy at the Revolution, and died, it is +stated, in 1748, silvered over with the weight and infirmities of +eighty-eight years--"Miserrimus." + + F. R. A. + +_The Dog and Duck, St. George's Fields._--It is not generally known, +that the _old stone sign_ of that celebrated place of public resort is +still in existence, and is preserved by being imbedded in the brick wall +of the garden of Bedlam Hospital (visible from the road), representing a +dog squatting on his haunches with a duck in his mouth; and the date +1617. It was placed here on removal of the old house which stood on, or +very close to, the spot; and in the superintendent's (Mr. Nicholl's) +room is a very pretty drawing of that ancient place of amusement. I have +had a sketch made of it in large. + +Any information respecting the Dog and Duck, its guests, visitors, or +landlords, would be most acceptable to + + G. CREED. + +_The Habit of Profane Swearing by the English._--The revolting habit of +swearing--which, of late years, has happily diminished--has been a +marked characteristic of the English for _many centuries_; and the +national adjuration which has given us a _nick-name_ on the continent, +appears to have prevailed at an earlier period than is generally +supposed. + +"The English," observes Henry, "were remarkable in this period (between +1399 and 1485) among the nations of Europe, for the absurd and impious +practice of profane swearing in conversation." + +The Count of Luxemburg, accompanied by the Earls of Warwick and +Stafford, visited the Maid of Orleans in her prison at Rouen, where she +was chained to the floor and loaded with irons. The Count, who had sold +her to the English, pretended that he had come to treat with her about +her ransom. After addressing him with contempt and disdain, she turned +her eyes towards the two Earls, and said,--"I know that you English are +determined to put me to death, and imagine that, after I am dead, you +will conquer France: but, though there were a hundred thousand +_G----dammees_ more in France than there are, they will never conquer +that kingdom." So early had the English got this odious nick-name by +their frequent and common use of that horrid and disgusting imprecation. + + T. WE. + +_Tennyson's Use of the Word "Cycle."--A Moiety._--There is a line in +_Locksley Hall_ which has always appeared to me a sad blemish in a fine +poem, and which may, perhaps, puzzle posterity as much as any of those +which have been illustrated by G. P. (Vol. iii., p. 319.) I allude to +that in stanza 92.: + + "Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay." + +Posterity will easily learn that the Chinese cycle was just "sixty +years," and will have some difficulty in believing that Tennyson should +have rated the disparity between life in Europe and in China no higher +than as six to five. It is evident that the poet used a "cycle" in the +signification of a long period of years; but will posterity be able to +find any authority for this use of the word? Can any one refer to a +dictionary which explains it in that sense, or to any other good author +who has so used it? + +This use of the word "cycle" is associated in my mind with a use (or +rather _abuse_) of the word "moiety," which prevails in the north of +Ireland, and perhaps elsewhere. It properly signifies "one half," but +many employ it in the sense of a very small portion. I hope no one will +introduce it into poetry with this signification. + + MATTER OF FACT. + + + + +QUERIES. + + +ETYMOLOGY OF FONTAINEBLEAU. + +The _Description Routière et Géographique de l'Empire Français_, already +cited by me on the subject of Bicêtre, furnishes the following +particulars respecting the derivation of Fontainebleau: + + "Ce bassin sert de décharge à la fontaine, qui a donné, dit-on, + son nom à Fontainebleau. Elle est nommée, dans les anciennes + chartes, _Fons Blaudi_. Quelques modernes substituent à cette + étymologie celle de _belle eau_, d'où ils font également dériver + Fontainebleau. L'une et l'autre sont rejetées par Expilly, et + remplacées par une troisième de sa façon, qui est évidente, selon + lui, et qui, selon ses lecteurs, est la plus absurde de toutes. Je + vais citer ce passage pour faire sentir jusqu'à quel travers + d'esprit peut conduire la manie des étymologies. 'Pourquoi,' + dit-il, 'se donner la torture à ce sujet? Il suffit de la moindre + notion de la chasse pour savoir que, quand le chasseur appellè les + chiens, il crie: _Thia hillaut!_ N'est-il pas vraisemblable que le + château ayant été bâti en pays de chasse, les habitans des + environs, entendant continuellement le mot _hillaut_, + l'appellèrent de ce nom, auquel ils joignirent celui de la + fontaine près de laquelle il avait été bâti. De _Fontaine hillaut_ + on fit insensiblement Fontainebleau.'" + +TWO Queries suggest themselves here. Who or what was _Blaudus_ or +_Blaudum_? Is our _Tally-ho_ derived from _Thia hillaut_, or _vice +versâ_? As to the "travers d'esprit," so gravely imputed to Expilly, it +is clear to me that his solution of the matter must be taken as a +burlesque on etymologists, rather than as any evidence of his own +extravagance in that respect. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + St. Lucia, June, 1851. + + +FORCE OF CONSCIENCE. + +The following relation has often been reprinted in religious magazines +and the like. It is given by Dr. Fordyce, Professor of Philosophy at +Aberdeen, in his _Dialogues concerning Education_ (London, 1748, vol. +ii. p. 401.), as "a true story, _which happened in a neighbouring state +not many years ago_." Can any of your readers furnish me with Dr. F.'s +authority for the assertion?--the Doctor himself gives none. One would +think that, if true, its truth might be easily verified. If its truth +cannot be satisfactorily established, to reprint such tales cannot but +be most mischievous:-- + + "A jeweller of considerable wealth having occasion to travel to + some distance from the place of his abode, took with him a servant + in order to take care of his portmanteau. Having occasion to + dismount on the road, the servant, watching his opportunity, took + a pistol from his master's saddle and shot him dead on the spot; + then rifled him of his money and jewels, and threw the body into + the nearest river. With this booty he made off to a distant part + of the country.... He was at length admitted to a share of the + government of the town, and rose from one post to another, till at + length he was chosen to be chief magistrate.... One day as he sat + on the bench with some of his brethren in the magistracy, a + criminal was brought before him who was accused of murdering his + master. The evidence was full; the jury brought in their verdict + that the prisoner was guilty; and the whole assembly awaited the + sentence of the President of the court, which he happened to be on + that day.... At length coming down from the bench he placed + himself by the guilty man at the bar and made a full confession of + his own guilt, and of all its aggravations.... We may easily + suppose the great amazement of all the assembly, and especially of + his fellow-judges. They proceeded, however, upon this confession, + to pass sentence upon him, and he died with all the symptoms of + penitent mind." + + J. K. + + +ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE NORTH. + +English letters are exciting a daily increasing interest in the north of +Europe--that hardy and romantic country whence we ourselves are +descended. But their means for purchase are very scanty, and I have been +requested by the chief librarians of the Royal Library, Stockholm, and +the University Library, Copenhagen, to endeavour to procure them English +books _by gift_ from private individuals and public societies and +libraries. + +Can you assist me in this work by making this their prayer known in your +widely-spread columns? + +Any English works, large or small, old or new, in any department of +literature, but especially in archæology, folk-lore, history, theology, +belles-lettres, &c., particularly books _privately printed_, or +otherwise scarce or dear, will be most acceptable. Every donor will +have the goodness to state for which library his gift is intended. So +many have duplicates, or copies of books, which they no longer use or +need, that many will doubtless be able to assist in this pleasant +book-gathering for our Scandinavian cousins. + + GEORGE STEPHENS, + Professor of English Literature in the + University of Copenhagen. + + Mill Farm, Barnes, Surrey, July, 1851. + + [We have good reason to know the great interest which our + Scandinavian brethren take in the literature of this country, and + hope this appeal of MR. STEPHENS will be liberally responded to. + Any donations for the libraries in question, which, we believe, + are both public libraries, may be left for him at the office of + "NOTES AND QUERIES."] + + +Minor Queries. + +1. _Painted Prints of Overton._--In Vol. iii., pp. 324, 325., under the +title "The Bellman and his History," are quoted some lines from Gay's +_Trivia_, book ii. p. 482. The last line is-- + + "The colour'd prints of Overton appear." + +Who was Overton, and what were his prints that Gay in these lines makes +the companions of the bellman's song? + + F. L. H. + +2. _Fourth Fare._--In the accounts of the churchwardens of St. Edmund's, +Sarum, temp. Edw. IV., this item often occurs, for which a payment was +made. Does it not mean the dying knell, from the German "to depart." + + H. T. E. + + Clyst St. George, June 3. 1851. + +3. _John Wood, Architect._--Can any of your readers inform me if any +likeness is in existence of the author of _An Essay towards a +Description of Bath_? or if any of his descendants are still living? He +built the Bristol Exchange; and Bath is indebted to him for many of its +most noble edifices. He was a magistrate for the county of Somerset, and +died in 1754. + + GAMMA. + +4. _Derivation of "Spon."_--Can you or your readers give me a derivation +of the word "spon," in its application to street names? There is "Spon +End," and also "Spon Street," in Coventry, "Spon Lane" at West Bromwich, +and "Spon Terrace" at Birmingham. Can you supply any other instances? + +Mr. Halliwell merely says, "_Spon_, a shaving of wood;" and it is used +in this sense in Scott's _Sir Tristrem_, p. 119.: + + "Bi water he sent adoun + Light linden spon." + + C. H. B. + + Clarence Street, Islington. + +5. _Dell, in what County?_--I shall feel obliged if any of your +correspondents can tell me whereabouts this place is, and in what +county? + + J. N. C. + +6. _Bummaree or Bumaree._--There is a large class of salesmen in +Billingsgate Market not recognised as such by the trade, but styled +Bumarees, who get a living by purchasing large parcels of fish of the +factor or common salesman, and selling it out in smaller quantities to +the fishmongers and other retailing buyers. This whole-sale retailing of +fish is also called bummareeing it, hence the name of these +(self-styled) salesmen. + +I have not been able to find any clue to the meaning of this word thus +used in any authority that I possess, though the word has been +recognised in statutes and bye-laws of the markets for upwards of one +hundred years. + +As I feel very interested in this matter, may I be allowed to call the +attention of some of your very learned correspondents to this matter, +and ask for the probable etymology and exact orthography of the word. + +I have been informed that the only other use of the word known is with +the confectioners, who use _Bummaree_ pans. + +The prefix "bum" is used to express the lowest of the kind in +bum-bailiff, and also further additionally in connexion with selling in +"bum-boat." I cannot think that "bona venalia," goods set to sale, among +the Romans, give any clue to Bummaree. This, and other derivations +equally unsatisfactory, have been submitted by those who have hitherto +directed their attention to this subject. + + BLOWEN. + +7. _Thread the Needle._--What is the game so called? and what its +origin? + +In it these words occur: + + "How far hence to Hebron? + Threescore miles and ten! + Can I be there to-night? + Yes! and back again!" + +I have somewhere seen the name of Thread-the-Needle-Gate. Where is, or +was, it? and whence was the London street so named? + + R. S. H. + + Morwenstow. + +8. _Proof of a Sword._--Is the following statement correct and true (I +mean, as to the trial of the sword blade, not the anecdote)? + + "A troop of horse are riding along under the command of 'Duke + William' of Cumberland, in the '45. A little old Highlander joins + the march; a strong lusty soldier laughs at, and insults him. He + is allowed to demand satisfaction, and fight it out at once: he + craves the loan of a sword; one is handed to him. But Donald had + seen too many snows to trust his life to the blade of untried + metal: he minutely examined the handle, the edge, the point, and + the _spring_, and finally turning aside to _a pool_ of water, and + applying the _flat_ side of the blade to its surface, with one + smart stroke broke it in two." + +Is this a good test of a sword blade? Would _any_ sword stand it? + +Would the Toledo blade, at the Crystal Palace, that _rolls_ up into the +form of a serpent, bear it? + +What is the usual test of a good blade? + + ENSIS. + +9. _Shelley's Children._--Are any of Shelley's children, by his first +wife, still living and where?--a friend of mine, who was her companion, +having a relic of her, which she would gladly give into their +possession. + + PHILO. + +10. _Ackey Trade._--I have in my cabinet a silver coin (shilling size) +which has on the obverse, besides the bust of the kind, the date 1818, +and the legend, the following under the head (between it and the +legend), "_½ Ackey Trade_;" and I shall be glad to have an explanation +of what is meant by the "_Ackey Trade_?" The reverse has the arms and +crest of the African Company. The legend is "Free Trade to Africa by Act +of Parliament, 1750." + + J. N. C. + +11. _Baskerville the Printer._--I was informed in 1835, by a friend +living at Birmingham, that the coffin containing the body of that +celebrated printer was then lying in a timber yard in that town under a +pile of deals--a fact which was well known there. + +Is it still in the same place? And why? And is there any portrait, +engraved or otherwise, of him? Mr. Merridew of Coventry, and others, +have assured me there was not. + + G. C. + +12. _Statue of Charles II._--What became of the fine statue of Charles +II. on horseback which formerly stood in Stock's Market, the site of the +present Mansion House? + +It was placed on a conduit at the "sole cost and charges of that worthy +citizen and alderman Sir Robert Viner, Bart." I have seen a print of it, +folio. (London, pub. 1708.) + + G. CREED. + +13. _La Mère Jeanne._--In Hallam's _Literature of Europe_, 2nd edition, +vol. i. p. 461., I read this passage:-- + + Two crude Attempts at introducing the Eastern tongues were made + soon afterwards (1530). One of these was by William Postel, a man + of some parts, and more reading; but chiefly known, while he was + remembered at all, for mad reveries of fanaticism, and an + idolatrous veneration for a saint of his own manufacture, La Mère + Jeanne, the Joanna Southcote of the sixteenth century." + +Has any account of the character and proceedings of "La Mère Jeanne" +been handed down to us; and, if so, where is it to be found? + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, June, 1851. + +14. _Man of War, why a Ship of War so called._--Will any of your readers +inform me the origin of a ship of a certain number of guns being called +"a man of war?" In Shakspeare the term is applied to Falstaff: Davy +inquires of Shallow: + + "Doth the man of war stay all night, Sir?" + +And it is singular to remark, in the same scene, the first of Act V., +the Second Part of _Henry IV._, that the dinner ordered by Shallow for +Falstaff is just such as any country gentleman would now provide for an +unexpected guest:-- + + Some pigeons, Davy; a couple of short-legged hens; a joint of + mutton; and any pretty little tiny kickshaws, tell William cook." + +The only difference is the sex of the cook, as country gentlemen in +these days have females in that capacity. + + AN M. D. + +15. _Secret Service Money of Charles II._--In Mr. Akerman's preface to +this work, just published by the Camden Society, I find this passage: + + "Amongst these (sums lavished on female favourites) the payments + to the Duchess of Portsmouth are most conspicuous. No less a sum + than 136,688_l._ 10_s._ appears to have been bestowed by the + profligate monarch on this woman _within the space of one + year_."--See _Payments under the year 1681_, p. 42. + +Now, on turning to the year and page designated, I find that the _whole +of the class_ in which the Duchess's name appears amounts for _that +year_ only to about 22,000_l._, of which the Duchess of Portsmouth +appears to have received about 12,000 in several quarterly payments on +account of an annual pension or pensions of that amount: so in other +years. This is a very different sum from 136,000_l._ I would beg leave +to inquire of the editor, or of any of your _Camdenite_ correspondents, +whether there is an error in Mr. Akerman's statement, or only in my way +of reading it? + + C. + +16. _Hampton Court._--Miss Strickland, in the _Queens of England_, after +saying that the Queen (Elizabeth of York, Henry VII.'s wife) had stayed +at Hampton Court eight days, continues: + + "It is worth noticing that Hampton Court was a favourite residence + of Elizabeth of York long before Cardinal Wolsey had it." + +Now, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for January, 1834, is a copy of the +lease from the prior of St. John of Jerusalem to Cardinal Wolsey of +their manor of Hampton Court, it having been in the possession of the +Knights Hospitallers of St. John since 1211, when Joan Lady Grey left it +by will to that order. Where, then, was Elizabeth of York's residence? +Did she hold a lease of the manor and manor-house of Hampton of the +Knights Hospitallers? Or was there another royal residence in that +locality? + + TEE BEE. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_De Rebus Hibernicis._--1. Silvester Giraldus Cambrensis, born in Wales, +A.D. 1145, was the author of numerous works. Can any one furnish a list +of them? + +2. What is the date of the _Annals of the Four Masters_? + +3. Who was Tigernach, and when did he live? + +4. What are the _Annals of Ulster_, and when were they written? + + + WILLIAM E. C. NOURSE. + + + [1. The printed works, as well as the manuscript collections, of + Giraldus, are so numerous, and deposited in so many different + libraries, that we must refer our correspondent to Sir R. C. + Hoare's description of them in his Introduction to the translation + of Giraldus' _Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin through Wales_, vol. + i. pp. liv.-lxxii. 4to. 1806. + + 2. _The Annals of Dunagall_, otherwise called _The Annals of the + Four Masters_, were compiled between A.D. 1632 and 1636. From a + MS. in the Duke of Buckingham's library at Stowe, Dr. O'Conor + published the first part of these _Annals_, extending from the + earliest period to A.D. 1172, in his _Rerum Hibernicarum + Scriptores_. The latter portion has since been edited, with a + translation and notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq., M.R.I.A., in 3 + vols. 4to. + + 3. Tigernach was Abbot of Cluain-mac-nois, and died A.D. 1088. He + wrote the _Annals of Ireland_, from A.M. 3596 to his own time. + + 4. _The Annals of Ulster_ were compiled by Cathald Mac Magnus + (Charles Maguire), who died A.D. 1498. They commence with the + reign of Feradach Fionnfachtnach, monarch of Ireland, A.D. 60, and + are carried down to the author's own time. They were afterwards + continued to the year 1504, by Roderick O'Cassidy, Archdeacon of + Clogher. See O' Reilly's _Chronological Account of Irish + Writers_.] + +_Abridgment of the Assizes._--Where can one see, or what is the correct +title of the book containing _Abridgment of the Assizes, and Iters of +Pickring and Lancaster_? It is referred to in Manwood _on Forest Laws_. + + S. S. + + [Richard Tottle, dwelling at the Hand and Star in Fleet Street, + and who was "licensed to print all manner of books touching the + common laws of England," published in the middle of the sixteenth + century the following work:--"_The Abridgment of the Book of + Assises_, lately perused over and corrected, and now newely + imprinted by Richard Tottle, the last day of September, 1555." It + is probable that the _Iters of Pickring and Lancaster_ are still + in manuscript.] + +_Life of Cromwell._--I have in my possession a _Life of Cromwell_, +written by R. B. "without passion or partiality," printed by N. Crouch +in the Poultry, 1715. Query, who was this R. B.? + + PHILO. + + [The author was Richard or Robert Burton, _alias_ Nathaniel + Crouch, who, says Dunton in his _Life and Errors_, "melted down + the best of our English histories into twelve penny books, which + are filled with wonders, rarities, and curiosities." The first + edition of _The History of Cromwell_ was published in 1693, + "relating only matters of fact without reflection or + observation."] + + + + +Replies. + + +WRITTEN SERMONS AND EXTEMPORE PREACHING. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 478. 526.; Vol. iv., p. 8.) + +Your versatile correspondent MR. GATTY has been led astray by an +incorrect assertion of Bingham's (magni nominis vir), that Origen was +the first who preached extempore. The passage to which Bingham refers +us, in Eusebius, asserts nothing of this sort; but simply that Origen +would not suffer his sermons to be taken down by the short-hand writers +till he was sixty years old,--a sufficient proof, if any were needed, +that the custom of taking down sermons by notaries in the third century +was not unusual. + +Some rogue has stolen my Number of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" in which the +inquiry on the subject of written sermons was made; but, if I remember +rightly, the _question_ was put correctly, it having been asked when +written sermons were first preached. As I at one time took some pains to +look into this point, and as no one else seems inclined to take it up, +perhaps you will allow me space for a few remarks. + +1. I suppose no one will be disposed to question the extreme +improbability of the "sermons" in the Apostolic are having been +_written_ discourses: if, however, this be considered doubtful, I am +willing to argue the point, and be set right if I am wrong in thinking +it unquestionable. + +2. I believe it is almost as improbable, that in what Professor Brunt +calls the "post-Apostolic" times sermons were written, not only from the +complete silence of the Apostolic Fathers on the point--for that would +really prove next to nothing,--but because it seems quite incredible +that no vestige of any such sermon should have come down to us; no +forgery of one, no legend or tradition of the existence of one if the +practice of writing sermons had prevailed at all. + +3. In the Apologies of Justin and Tertullian [Justin, ed. Otto, i. 270.; +Tertullian, _Ap._ ch. xxxix.] there is a description of the addresses +delivered in the congregations of their times, which appears to me to +prove that they knew of no such practice as reading a sermon and the +passage from Origen contra Cels., which De la Cerda gives in his note on +Tertullian, though it is only quoted in the Latin, surely shows the same +(vol. i. p. 190.). I came across something of the sort in Cyprian about +two years ago and, if I may dare trust my memory, it appeared to me at +the time to be more satisfactory than the passages above referred to; +but I made no note of it,--and I was hunting for other game when I met +with it. Still, if your querist is going into the subject as a student +into a matter of history, I dare stay I could find the paragraph. + +4. I have really no acquaintance with the post-Nicene fathers, the mere +desultory reading out of some few of the works of the Arian period +counting for something less than nothing; but, as far as secondary +sources are to be trusted, I certainly never met with anything that +would lead me to conclude that sermons were ever read in the fourth or +fifth centuries. [I shall come to the only shadow of an argument in +favour of such a practice having prevailed so early, presently.] +Certainly, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, St. Chrysostom, St. Cyril of +Jerusalem, were extempore preachers by Bingham's showing. Gregory the +Great, much later, for all that appears to the contrary, never wrote his +sermons at all, and even preached his homilies on Ezekiel almost without +any preparation. Indeed the prevalence of that most abominable system of +applauding the preacher, which St. Chrysostom protests against in the +magnificent sermon on 1Cor.xiv.38., could scarcely have been universal +where sermons were read. + +5. I come now to the argument which Bingham deduces from a passage in +Sidonius Apollinaris; where, in speaking of Faustus, Bishop of Riez, he +says that he was "raucus plausor," while hearing "tuas prædicationes, +nunc repentinas, nunc, cum ratio poposcisset, elucubratas." Until I had +turned up the passage itself, I thought there was no doubt that Bingham +was right in explaining it as referring partly to extempore, partly to +written-and-read sermons; but taking the passage as it stands, I would +submit that the "prædicationes elucubratas" were not at all _read_ +sermons, though prepared and studied beforehand, and that the +"prædicationes repentinas" were such as St. Augustine sometimes +delivered, viz., on a text which suggested itself to him during the time +of service, or in consequence of some unforeseen event having happened +just before his ascending the pulpit. + +6. I have as yet dealt only with the negative evidence; but the positive +testimony against the reading, and in favour of the reciting or +preaching sermons, is far from small. I should look upon man as crazy +who ventured to speak slightingly of Bingham, and should as soon think +of setting up myself against that great man as of challenging Goliah of +Gath to fisty-cuffs; but I can never get rid of the thought that Bingham +had a strong prejudice against extempore preaching, and treated the +history of sermons somewhat unfairly: _e.g._, in his 22nd section of +that 4th chap. of the xivth book (with which chap. I take it for granted +my readers are acquainted), he somewhat roguishly misrepresents Mabillon +and the Council of Vaison; and as to every other passage he quotes or +refers to, every one asserts that the sermons were to be preached or +_recited_, not one says a word about reading. + +The Council of Vaison is, of course, that which was held in A.D. 529, +and at which Cæsarius of Arles presided: but the 2nd canon does not say +a word about reading; so far from it, it commands that the homilies +which the deacons preached should be recited [_recitentur_, Labbe, iv. p +1679.], as though the practice of reading a sermon were not known. So, +with regard to the other passages from St. Augustine, there is not a +hint about reading: if a man could not make his own sermons, he was to +take another's; but to take care to commit it to memory, and then +deliver it. + +I should be glad to furnish you with a few "more last words" on this +subject, but I fear that these remarks have already proceeded to too +great a length: still, if you give me any encouragement, I should like +to take up the matter again. + +I should be glad to be informed whether it be true, as I have heard, +that the practice of learning their sermons by heart is universal and +avowed by the preachers in Germany; and whether it be really a common +thing for a preacher there to deny himself on a Saturday, on the plea +that he is getting his sermon by heart? + + AJAX. + + Papworth St. Agnes, July 8. 1851. + +_Written Sermons_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--Your querist M. C. L. may be +referred to Dr. Short's _History of the Church of England_, § 223.; or +to Burnet's _Reformation_, vol. i. p. 317., folio; where he will find +that the practice commenced about the year 1542. + + N. E. R. (a Subscriber.) + + +FEST SITTINGS. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 328. 396.) + +Not questioning the meaning given to the word _Fest_ by R. VINCENT, I +take leave to refer you to Dr. Willan's list of words in use in the +mountainous districts of the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the +seventeenth volume of the _Archæologia_. You will there find: "FEST, to +board from home." The word is used in that sense at the present time. A +gentleman resident in the West Riding writes to me: + + "I have heard the term 'fest' used generally as applying to + sending out cattle to pasture, and so says Carr in his _Dialect of + Craven_. I have also frequently heard it used in this manner: 'I + have fest my lad out apprentice to so and so.' In my own + neighbourhood, in the West Riding, it is a frequent practice for + poor man who possesses a cow, but no pasture, to 'fest' her with + some occupier of land at a certain sum by the week, or for some + other term. So a gamekeeper is said 'to fest' his master's + pointer, when he agrees with a farmer to keep it for a time. In + these cases the boy, the cow, the pointer, 'are boarded from + home.'" + +As to "statutes" or "sittings," the word "statutes" is explained in +Blount's _Dictionary_ as follows: + + "It is also used in our vulgar discourse for the Petty Sessions + which are yearly kept for the disposing of servants in service by + the statute 5 Eliz. chap. iv." (§ 48.) + +See in the _Archaic and Provincial Dictionary_, "SITTINGS" and +"STATUTE." In Holderness (I collect it from the Query of F. R. H.) the +term "sittings" is used in the same sense as "statute" in the West +Riding, and in many other parts of the kingdom. "Fest sittings" appear +then to mean "the annual assemblage of servants who hire themselves to +board from home." In many places the "statute" or "stattie" is connected +with the fair. + + "Statute Fairs," my friend writes, "are held at Settle, Long + Preston, and other places, which don't occur to me, in our + district (Craven). At Settle servants wishing to hire stand with a + small white wand in their hands, to show their object. In like + manner horses, when taken to a fair, wear on their heads a white + leather kind of bridle; and (to come nearer home) when a young + lady has attained a certain age, and begins to look with anxious + eye to future prospects, we say that she also has put on the white + bridle." + +He adds: "I have myself had servants hired at Long Preston Statute +Fair." Another friend writes to me: + + "Richmond Statties are very famous, every servant desirous of + hiring having a peeled twig or stick. At Penrith they put a straw + in their mouths. I remember a poor girl being killed by an + infuriated cow at Penrith; and the poor thing had the straw in her + mouth when dead." + +In the East Riding, Pocklington Statute is well known; and York has its +Statute Fair. At these "statutes" or "statties" ("Stattie Fairs" and +"Sittings," or Fest Sittings), servants "fest themselves," that is, hire +themselves to board from home. + +Standing in the market-place to be hired will occur to any one who may +take the trouble of reading these desultory observations. + +Excuse my adding irrelevantly the following use of the word "sitting." +It is said that a young man is "sitting a young woman," when he is +wooing or courting her. + + F. W. T. + + +HISTOIRE DES SÉVÉRAMBES. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 4. 72. 147. 374.) + +In Quérard's _France Littéraire_ (Didot, Paris, 1839), tome x. p. 10., I +read the following notice of the author of _Histoire des Sévérambes_:-- + + "Vairasse (Denis) d'Alais, écrivain français du XVII. Siècle. + + "---- Grammaire raisonnée et méthodique, contenant en abrégé les + principes de cet art et les règles les plus nécessaires de la + langue français. Nouv. édit. Paris, D. Mariette, 1702, in-12. + + "La première édition a paru en 1681. + + "---- Histoire des Sévérambes (Roman politique) nouv. édit. + Amsterdam, Etienne Roger, 1716, 2 vol. in-12. + + "La première édition parut de 1677 à 1679, en trois vol. in-12. + + "Cet ouvrage a été réimprimé dans la collection des Voyages + imaginaires." + +_La France Littéraire_ is a compilation of extraordinary labour and +research; and, in the absence of more authentic information, I believe +we may safely rely on the above statement. The facts, therefore, in so +far as they have been brought to light, may be summed up as follows:-- + +1. The original work was written in English, was entitled _History of +the Sevarites_, and published in 1675. + +2. That work suggested the idea of the _Histoire des Sévérambes_, which +was published in 1677-9, and in all essential respects may be said to be +an original composition. + +3. The Captain _Liden_ of one edition, and the Captain _Siden_ of +another (from whose memoirs the work is said to have been translated), +are one and the same imaginary personage. + +4. The author of the _History of the Sevarites_ has not been +ascertained; the claims of Vairasse, Algernon Sidney, and Isaac Vossius, +being founded on mere conjecture. + +5. There seems no reason to doubt that Denis Vairasse d'Alais was the +author of _Histoire des Sévérambes_; supported as that opinion is by the +testimony of Christian Thomasius, Barbier, and Quérard. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, June, 1851. + + +SALTING THE DEAD. + +(Vol. iv., p. 6.) + +An amusing instance of this custom--perhaps even now, under certain +circumstances, prevalent in some parts of England--occurs in Mrs. Bray's +_Letters on the Superstitions, &c. of Devonshire_. A traveller while +passing over one of the large uninclosed tracts of land near Tavistock, +was overtaken by a violent snowstorm, which compelled him to seek a +night's shelter from the inhabitants of a lonely cottage on the moor. In +the chamber assigned for his repose, he observed a curiously carved oak +chest of antique appearance. + + "He noticed or made some remarks upon it to the old woman who had + lighted him up stairs, in order to see that all things in his room + might be as comfortable as circumstances would permit for his + rest. There was something he thought shy and odd about the manner + of the woman when he observed the chest; and after she was gone, + he had half a mind to take a peep into it." + +After a while he does, and _horribile dictu!_ a human corpse, stiff and +cold, lay before his sight! After a night spent in the most agonizing +apprehensions he descends to breakfast, and his fears become somewhat +lightened by the savoury fumes of the morning meal. + + "Indeed so much did he feel reassured and elevated by the + extinction of his personal fears, that, just as the good woman was + broiling him another rasher, he out with the secret of the chest, + and let them know that he had been somewhat surprised by its + contents; venturing to ask, in a friendly tone, for an explanation + of so remarkable a circumstance. 'Bless your heart, your honour, + 'tis nothing at all,' said her son; 'tis only fayther!'--'Father! + your father!' cried the traveller; 'what do you mean?'--'Why, you + know, your honour,' replied the peasant, 'the snaw being so thick, + and making the roads so cledgy like, when old fayther died, two + weeks agon, we couldn't carry un to Tavistock to bury un, and so + mother put un in the old box, and salted un in: mother's a fine + hand at salting un in.'"--Vol. i. pp. 29. 32. + +In connexion with this subject you will perhaps permit me to observe, +that the custom of placing a plate of salt on the body is still retained +in many parts of the country. An instance of its use in the metropolis +came under my notice only last week. The reason assigned for this is, +that it prevents the spread of any noxious vapours. But query, is it not +an ancient superstitious observance? According to Moresin: + + "Salem abhorrere constat diabolum et ratione optima nititur, quia + Sal æternitatis est et immortalitatis signum, neque putredine + neque corruptione infestatur unquam, sed ipse ab his omnia + vendicat.--"_Moresini Papatus_, p. 154. + + SPERIEND. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bogatsky_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--A very satisfactory biographical +sketch of Bogatsky, author of the _Golden Treasury_, will be found in +_Evangelical Christendom_, vol. iii. for 1849, pp. 69. and 101. + + C. W. B. + +_Baronette_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--Selden was of opinion that Baronet +was used for Banneret, as may be seen in the following extracts from the +second part of _Titles of Honor_. + +Chap. iii. sect. 23.: + + "Bannerets ... some have stiled them Baronets, as if they had a + diminitive title of Barons." + +Chap. v. sect. 25.: + + "And whereas in the statutes of the same King" (Richard II.), "as + we read them in English, every Archbishop, Bishop, Abbot, Prior, + Duke, Earl, Baron, Baronet, Knight of the Shire, &c., are + commanded under paine of amerciament or other punishment, + according to ancient use, to appear in Parlament; the French, both + of the Roll and of those Books that are truly printed, hath + Banneret and by some little mistake Barneret for the same word. + And as when mention is in the old stories of Knight Banneret, the + word Baronet (which runnes easier from the tongue) is often for + Banneret; so fell it not only in the English print of our + statutes, but also in a report of a case that is of a later time + than that to which our present division confines us, that Baronet + (for Banneret) is likewise used for a Baron. For in an attaint + under Henry the Sixt, one of the Jury challenged himselfe because + his ancestors had been Baronets and Seigneurs des Parlements. I + cannot doubt but that the title of Banneret in this sense was + meant there." + +Chap. v. sect. 39.: + + "Of the name of Banneret as it sometimes expressed a Baron of + Parlament enough is before said. And as in that notion of it, + Baronet was often miswritten for it, so also in this." (Milites + vexilliferi): "Neither only have the old stories Baronetti very + frequent for Banneretti, but even in a patent passed to Sir Ralph + Fane, a Knight-Banneret under Edward the Sixt, he is called + Baronettus for Bannerettus." + + LLEWELLYN. + +_Rifles_ (Vol. iii., p. 517.).--In reply to A. C., I can safely assert +that the _best_ American rifles are nearly equal, in point of +workmanship, to the _common_ ones made in Birmingham, and that there is +no "_use for which an American rifle is to be preferred to an English_," +French, or Belgian one; and further, that the American rifles will not +bear comparison with those of any London maker. + +Colt's revolvers were submitted to our Government twelve or fourteen +years ago, and not approved. The present revolvers, made in England, +have always been considered improvements upon them. + +I do not pretend to be the "highest authority," though I profess to know +something of the subject. + + THE AUTHOR OF "ENGINES OF WAR." + +_Miss_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.).--Evelyn's notice of this word is prior to the +instance cited by your correspondent. Under the 9th of January, 1662, he +has,-- + + "I saw acted _The Third Part of the Siege of Rhodes_. In this + acted ye faire and famous comedian call'd Roxalana, from ye part + she perform'd; and I think it was ye last, she being taken to be + ye Earle of Oxford's _Misse_ (as at this time they began to call + lewd women)." + + SPERIEND. + +_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., p. 522.).--I can state +positively, that the lines with the above title were "in reality written +by that lamented lady." I was not aware they had ever appeared in print, +nor do I think her family are aware either. I am truly sorry that a +"Christian Lady" should have been guilty of such a shameless, heartless +act of literary piracy. + +I here take the opportunity of remarking that, in the last stanza but +one, and sixth line, "upon" is a misprint for "uprose." + + ERZA. + +_English Sapphics_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--In the translation of the +Psalms of David by Sir P. Sidney and his sister, the Countess of +Pembroke, the 125th Psalm is rendered in Sapphics. The first stanza is +as follows: + + "As Sion standeth very firmly steadfast, + Never once shaking: so on high Jehova + Who his hope buildeth, very firmly steadfast + Ever abideth." +The 120th Psalm is in Alcaics, and, I think, very successful, +considering the difficulty of the metre. It commences thus: + + "As to th' Eternall often in anguishes + Erst have I called, never unanswered, + Againe I call, againe I calling + Doubt not againe to receave an answer." + +There are also specimens of other Latin metres in the same collection. + +I remember about eighteen or twenty years ago an "Ode to December," in +_Blackwood's Magazine_, the first stanza of which was as follows (I +quote from memory): + + "O'er the bare hill tops moan the gusty breezes, + From the dark branches sweeping the sere leaves, + South comes the polar duck; and the gliding grey gull + Shrieks to her shelter." + + M. W. + +_Welwood_ (Vol. iv., p. 1.).--The imprint of the first edition of his +_Memoirs_ is "London, for Tim. Goodwin, 1700." The Museum copy which +bears the press-mark 808. f. is a distinct impression. + + BOLTON CORNEY. + +_Bellarmin's Monstrous Paradox_ (Vol. iii., p. 497.).--In your paper of +June 21st, there is a question inserted as to the precise text in which +Cardinal Bellarmin is said to maintain that "should the Pope command the +commission of vice, and forbid the practice of virtue, it would become +the duty of Catholics to perform the one and to avoid the other." To +that question you have replied by quoting a passage from the fourth book +of the cardinal's great work. It is quite true that the words quoted by +you occur at that place; it is quite as untrue that the "monstrous +paradox" is there attempted to be maintained. A reference to the book +will show at once that this paradox is simply used as an argument to +enable the cardinal to prove his point by the common method of a +_reductio ad absurdum_. If what I maintain, says the cardinal, is false, +then it follows that "should the Pope," &c. Of course, the rest of the +argument fully stated would be: But this consequence is not true, +therefore neither is the antecedent true; that is to say, "what I +maintain" is true. So that instead of maintaining in this passage the +monstrous paradox alleged, the cardinal, in reality, is only quoting it +as a monstrous absurdity, which he himself _condemns_, and which would +result from the contradiction of his proposition. In justice to the +memory of a great man, who has been much and most unjustly slandered +upon this very point, may I ask for the insertion of this letter. + + J. W. CT. + +_Jonah and the Whale_ (Vol. iii., p. 517.).--E. J. K. probably founds +his unqualified rejection of the word "whale" on the English version, as +a presumed more correct interpretation of the corresponding term in the +original Hebrew. But it should not be forgotten, that the equal, or +perhaps superior authority of the Seventy translators, to that of our +best modern interpreters, is becoming daily more apparent. At all +events, without a reference to such collateral aid, it is scarcely safe +to pronounce on the meaning of any word or passage in the Old Testament. +On this subject, among many other works, may be consulted the valuable +Lexicon of the Rev. Dr. Wilson, Canon of Winchester; and the learned +_Apology for the Septuagint_, by the Rev. E. W. Grinfield. + +In the present case, it is certainly of little consequence, whether the +Greek word [Greek: kêtos], and the Latin _cetus_, be translated "whale," +or "great fish," both of which may be comprehended under them. Though +the former is the usual interpretation, and though the English +translators employ the term "great fish" in the passages "[Greek: Kai +prosetaxe Kyrios Kêtei megalô]," and "[Greek: en tê koilia tou kêtous]," +the commonly accepted word seems more in accordance with an authority of +unquestionable importance. + + C. H. P. + + Brighton, June 28. 1851. + +It must have escaped the memory of your correspondent E. J. K., in +speaking of the supposed error of calling the "great fish" which +swallowed Jonah a "whale," that our Lord, in giving this sign to the +Jews, calls it in our English version a "whale" ([Greek: tou kêtous], +St. Matt. xii. 40., this being the word used in the Septuagint version, +from which the Evangelists quoted the SS. of the Old Testament). + +Surely then there is not any _popular_ error in the term "whale" as +expressing the "great fish" of the prophet Jonah, for your correspondent +does not go beyond the English version, nor can I say what the word used +in the original Hebrew would strictly signify. [Greek: Kêtos], it is +true, may not, and probably does not, mean anything more definite than +the "great fish" of the Hebrew; but certainly our translators, by +adopting the term "whale" in the Gospels, have so sanctioned the +interpretation, that the error, if such, must be referred to them, and +not to any later period, and therefore can hardly be reckoned amongst +those of the _popular_ class. + + OXONIENSIS. + + Walthamstow, June 30. 1851 + +Great disputes have been raised what the fish was. As it is called a +whale in the Septuagint, and in St. Matthew, xii. 40., one can hardly +call it a vulgar error to speak of it commonly as a whale. + + C. B. + +_Book Plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--Your correspondent inquiring about +book plates mentions, that 1698 is the earliest date he has heard of. In +a sale at Sotheby's, commencing on the 21st inst., there is a copy of +Evelyn's _Silva_, presented by him to Sir Robert Clayton, Lord Mayor of +London, with his book plate in it, date 1679. + + E. N. W. + + Southwark, July, 1851. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, with a Supplement, +containing the Condemnations of the Early Reformers, and other matters +relating to the Council. Literally translated into English by_ Theodore +Alois Buckley, B.A., of _Christ Church, Oxford_, is the title of a +volume which has just been issued; and which many of our readers will +probably consider a very well-timed volume. It is not, however, because +we admit with Mr. Buckley that "to try Rome fairly we must hear her +plead her own cause" (for with polemics we have nothing to do), that we +direct their attention to it; but because we agree with him that the +Decrees and Canons of the Council of Trent are documents as valuable in +a legal and historical, as in a religious point of view, and because +there must be many who would gladly learn what these Canons and Decrees +were, yet are not acquainted with the language in which they were +originally recorded. By such persons Mr. Buckley's name on the +title-page may be received as a sufficient guarantee of the accuracy of +the present translation. + +The first volume of a history of the book-trade in Germany, containing +notices of some booksellers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, +has just been published at Leipsic, under the title of _Beitrage zur +Geschichte des Deutschen Buchhandels_. The author is Albrecht Kirchhoff, +and the work, short as it is, will be found very useful to parties +engaged in bibliographical investigations. + +Our valued correspondent, the Rev. Dr. Todd of Dublin, has just +published _Three Treatises by John Wycklyffe, D.D._ I. _Of the Church +and her Members._ II. _Of the Apostacy of the Church._ III. _Of +Antichrist and his Meynee. Now first printed from a Manuscript in the +Library of Trinity College, Dublin._ The Treatises, which, in Dr. Todd's +opinion, contain internal evidence of having been written within the +last year of the Reformer's life, are accompanied by Notes and a copious +Glossary; and the work has been undertaken not without a hope that the +publication of these Treatises may direct the attention of influential +scholars to the importance of collecting and printing all the existing +writings which remain in our libraries under the name of Wycklyffe and +his followers. We sincerely trust that this hope will soon be realised. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson announce for approaching sale the highly +important collection of Autograph Letters and Historical MSS. of Mons. +A. Donnadieu. The series of English Royal Autographs alone extends to +nearly three hundred articles; nearly all the letters after Henry VII. +being entirely autograph. This fact alone will give some idea of the +extent and value of this extraordinary collection. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. + + CLARKSON'S HISTORY OF RICHMOND, 2nd Edition 4to. + + BRITISH POETS. Whittingham's Edition, boards or quires, without + the Plates. + + BEBELII ECCLESIA ANTE-DILUVIANA, &c. Argent. 4to. 1665. + + TYNDALE'S "PARABLE OF THE WICKED MAMMON." Any Edition prior to + 1550. + + THE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS. Courier's French Translation. + + BELL'S SYSTEM OF SURGERY. Vol. I. + + THE CHIRURGICAL WORKS OF PERCIVAL POTTS. Vol. I. + + BRYANT, DISSERT. ON THE WAR OF TROY. 4to. + + ---- OBSERV. ON LE CHEVALIER'S PLAIN OF TROY. 4to. + + ---- MORETT'S VINDIC. OF HOMER. 4to. + + BRYDGES, RES LITERARIÆ, BIBL. AND CRITICAL. 3 Vols. 8vo. + + BYRES, ETRURIAN ANTIQUITIES, by Howard. Folio. + + CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON BOOKS; ANCIENT AND MODERN. 5 Vols. 8vo. + + DOMESDAY BOOK. 4 Vols. Folio. + + DRUMMOND, HISTORY OF NOBLE BRITISH FAMILIES. + + CORONA MISTICA BEATE VIRGINIS MARIE GLORIOSE. Impressa Antewerpie + per G. Leeu, 1492. + + PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil. 1522. + + BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena 8vo. + 1705. + + ALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S TRADITIONARY TALES OF THE PEASANTRY. 2 Vols. + 12mo. Two copies wanted. + + STEWART'S PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN MIND. 4to. Vol. I. + + ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN ITALY. + + THE DEMON, &c., by James Hinton, London: J. Mason. + + WANDELINI, IV EXERCITATIONES IN PERIODUM ANTE-DILUVIANUM HISTORÆ + SACRÆ VET. TEST. Hafniæ. 4to. 1652. + + STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX. + + The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPÆDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. + + AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. + Published by Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted. + + MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830. + + MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition. + + JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI. + + HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV. + + RUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II. + + WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to. + + STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to. + + OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774. or any portion thereof. + 4to. + + COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. I. + 12mo. Lond. 1755. + + HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII. + + D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III. + + CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, où l'on traite de la + Nécessité, de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des différentes + Formes de la Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de + Télémaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in + 1719. + + The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur + le Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. + Londres, 1721. + + SIR THOS. ELYOT, THE GOVERNOUR. 1st Edit. 1531. + + BASTWICK (DR. JOS.) SUPPLEMENTUM, &c., 1635. + + ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER. + + MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V. + + ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849. + + BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6s. per Vol. Pilgrims of the + Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni. + + DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition. + +[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage +free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street. + + + + +Notices To Correspondents. + + +REMIGIUS. _"Murder considered as one of the Fine Arts" appeared in_ +Blackwood's Magazine _some twenty years since._ + +MR. PARSONS, _whose Query on the subject of Book plates appears in our +86th No., is requested to say where a letter may be addressed to him._ + +C. H. B. _We are much obliged for his paper, which has been to our +knowledge transcribed twice before; and is about to be published in a +way in which we are sure_ C. H. B. _will be very pleased to see it. At +present we think we had better not interfere with, we trust, a shortly +forthcoming book._ + +A CONSTANT READER (Temple) _will find a very full account of the_ +Lambeth Articles _in Mr. Hardwick's recently published_ History of the +Articles. + +J. C. (Falmouth). _The_ Folk Lore Articles _alluded to will be received +with thanks._ + +_The subscribers who wanted_ BORLAND'S DARIAN _and_ Dens' Theologia, 8 +vols. 12mo., _are requested to send their names to the Publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Lady Petre's Monument--Redwing's Nest--Dies +Iræ--Epitaph on Voltaire--Sheridan and Vanbrugh--Quotation from an old +Ballad--Curious Monumental Inscription--Passage from Virgil--Petty +Cury--Dr. Young's Narcissa--Tennyson's In Memoriam--Anonymous +Ravennas--Topical Memory--Plaids and Tartans--System of +Notation--Salting Bodies of the Dead--Passelew Family--Mark for a +Dollar--Lay of the Last Minstrel--Spenser's Age at his Death--Charles +Lamb's Epitaph._ + +CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_ +T. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be +justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should +forward copies of our_ Prospectus _to correspondents who would kindly +enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of +literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already +been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are +greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for +this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist +towards increasing our circulation._ + +_The commencement of a New Volume with our 88th Number affords a +favourable opportunity to gentlemen resident in the country to commence +the work. The Subscription for the Stamped Edition of_ "NOTES AND +QUERIES" _is ten shillings and twopence for six months, which may be +paid by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE +BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + +VOL. III., _neatly bound in cloth, and with very copious Index, is now +ready, price_ 9_s._ 6_d._ VOLS. I. _and_ II. _may still be had, price_ +9_s._ 6_d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + +_Erratum._--Vol. iii., p. 495., for "D_um_ore Castle" read "Du_nm_ore +Castle." + + + + +CHEVALLIER'S TRANSLATION OF THE EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS + + In 8vo, price 12_s._, the Second Edition of + + A TRANSLATION of the EPISTLES of CLEMENT of ROME, POLYCARP, and + IGNATIUS; and of the APOLOGIES of JUSTIN MARTYR and TERTULLIAN; + with an Introduction, and brief Notes illustrative of the + Ecclesiastical History of the First Two Centuries. By the REV. + TEMPLE CHEVALLIER, B.D., late Fellow and Tutor of Catharine Hall, + Cambridge; Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in the + University of Durham. + + [Star symbol] The Introduction treats of the Integrity of the + Greek Text of the Epistles of Ignatius, with reference to the + Syriac Version lately edited by Mr. Cureton. + + London: RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + and Deighton, Cambridge. + + +FOREIGN BOOKS + + AT REDUCED PRICES, + FOR A LIMITED NUMBER OF COPIES. + + I. + + RADICES LINGUÆ SANSCRITÆ. by W. L. WESTERGAARD. Imp. 8vo. double + volume. (Published at 34_s._) for 15_s._ + + II. + + GESENIUS.--SCRIPTURÆ LINGUÆQUE PHOENICIÆ MONUMENTA. Add. de + Scriptura et Lingua Phoenicum. 3 vols. 4to. boards, 48 engraved + Plates. (Published at 2_l._ 14_s._) For 16_s._ + + III. + + SAMACHSCHARII LEXICON ARABICUM-PERSICUM; with an Arabic Index. + Edited by J. G. WETZSTEIN. 4to. boards. 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(Published at 26_s._) For 15_s._ 6_d._ + + VIII. + + GRIMM (JAC.)--DEUTSCHE GRAMMATIK. 4 vols. 8vo. half-bound, very + rare. 1822-37. 2_l._ 15_s._ + + [Star symbol] All Grimm's other Works are on hand. + + IX. + + WACKERNAGEL'S HYMNOLOGICAL COLLECTION.--DAS DEUTSCHE KIRCHENLIED. + 850 of the most characteristic GERMAN and LATIN HYMNS, both + Catholic and Protestant. 2 vols. 4to. (Published at 21_s._) For + 10_s._ + + X. + + FICHTE'S COMPLETE WORKS.--SÄMMTLICHE WERKE. 8 Vols. 8vo. Last + Edition. (Published at 3_l._) For 1_l._ 15_s._ + + XI. + + SCHLEGEL'S (FREDERIK) COMPLETE WORKS. 15 Vols. 8vo. Last Edition. + (Published at 3_l._) For 2_l._ 2_s._ + + XII. + + SECOND-HAND CATALOGUES GRATIS. + + 1. THEOLOGY and METAPHYSICS. + 2. GREEK and LATIN CLASSICS. + 3. SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. + + WILLIAMS and NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + +FOREIGN COPYRIGHT QUESTION. + + In a few days will be published, in 8vo., Divisions I. and II. + price 2_s._ each, and Volume I. price 5_s._, of the + + HISTORY OF THE RESTORATION + OF + MONARCHY IN FRANCE; + + BEING A SEQUEL TO THE 'HISTORY OF THE GIRONDISTS.' + + BY ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE; + + AND FORMING THE FIRST OF SERIES OF WORKS TO BE SELECTED FROM THE + BEST CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE OF FRANCE, AND TO BE PUBLISHED + SIMULTANEOUSLY IN LONDON AND PARIS. + + LONDON: VIZETELLY & COMPANY, 135. FLEET STREET, (Printers and + Publishers for the Proprietors.) + + PARIS: CH. GOSSELIN, PAGNERRE, FURNE, LECOU, LIPPERT. 18. Rue de + Seine; 55. Rue St. André des Arts; 10. Rue du Bouloy. + + The French Edition may be obtained at the London, and the English + Edition at the Paris Establishments + + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CXCI., was published on WEDNESDAY last. + + CONTENTS: + 1. THE GREEK TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. + 2. JOHNSTON'S NOTES ON NORTH AMERICA. + 3. HARTLEY COLERIDGE. + 4. FATAL ACCIDENTS: HOW FAR PREVENTABLE + 5. PULSZKY'S TALES AND TRADITIONS OF HUNGARY. + 6. SIR EDW. L. BULWER LYTTON'S LETTERS TO JOHN BULL. + 7. THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN. + 8. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE: VOLS. VII. AND VIII. + 9. DIXON'S LIFE OF PENN. + 10. MODERN CHEMISTRY: ITS PROGRESS AND EXTENT. + + London: LONGMAN and Co. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK. + + +SOCIETY OF ARTS, ADELPHI, LONDON.--PHILOSOPHICAL TREATISES on the +various Departments of the GREAT EXHIBITION, which shall set forth the +peculiar Advantages to be derived from each by the Arts, Manufactures, +and Commerce of the country. + + The Council offer, in the name of the Society, the large MEDAL and + 25_l._ for the best, and the Society's small Medal and 10_l._ for + the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in the Section + of Raw Materials and Produce. + + A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and + 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in + the Section of Machinery. + + A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and + 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in + the Section of Manufactures. + + A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and + 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in + the Section of Fine Arts. + + Each Treatise must occupy, as nearly as possible, eighty pages of + the size of the Bridgewater Treatises. + + The Society will also award its large Medal and 25 guineas for the + best General Treatise upon the Exhibition, treated Commercially, + Politically, and Statistically; and small Medals for the best + Treatises on any Special Object or Class of Objects exhibited. + + The successful Treatises are to be the Property of the Society; + and should the Council see fit, they will cause the same to be + printed and published, awarding to the Author the net amount of + any profit which may arise from the publication after the payment + of the expenses. + + The Competing Treatises are to be written on foolscap paper, + signed with a motto in the usual manner, and delivered at the + Society's House on or before the THIRTIETH OF NOVEMBER, 1851, + addressed to George Grove, Esq., Secretary, from whom additional + particulars may be learned. + + By order of the Council, + GEORGE GROVE, SEC. + Adelphi, June 1. 1851. + + +This day is published, + + A LITHOGRAPHIC PRINT OF SHAKESPEARE, from the Portrait by Burbage, + of the same dimensions as the original Picture in the possession + of the Proprietor, William Nicol, of the Shakespeare Press. Proof + impressions, of which only a very limited number have been taken, + 2 guineas each. Prints 1 guinea each. + + W. N. WRIGHT, Bookseller to the Queen, 60. Pall Mall. + + +The highly Important Collection of Autograph Letters and Historical MSS. +of M. ALCIDE DONNADIEU. + + PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property will SELL by + AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, July + 29, and Four following Days, the VERY IMPORTANT COLLECTION OF + AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and HISTORICAL MSS. of M. ALCIDE DONNADIEU. The + importance of this Collection cannot be estimated by a mere list + of names, as in every instance, with a few exceptions where + extreme rarity has precluded choice, each specimen has been + selected for its intrinsic literary or historic worth. Among the + English Royal Personages are the Autographs of Henry V., Henry + VI., Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; (from this period, + nearly all are Letters entirely Autograph of) Henry VIII., + Catherine of Aragon, Catherine Parr, Edward VI., Queen Mary and + Philip of Spain, Elizabeth, Mary Queen of Scots, Henry Stuart, + Lord Darnley, James I. and Anne of Denmark, Henry Prince of Wales, + Charles I. as Duke of York and as King; also, a Document of the + greatest Interest, the Contract of Marriage between Charles I. and + the Infanta of Spain, signed by the parties--Henrietta Maria, Mary + Princess of Orange, daughter of Charles I.; Elizabeth Queen of + Bohemia, Frederic King of Bohemia and his Sons, Prince Rupert, + Louisa Princess of Bohemia, her well-known Letter in + Hieroglyphics, Oliver Cromwell, Letters and Documents, and + particularly the original Order to the Lord Mayor of London, + directing him to proclaim Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of + England--Richard Cromwell, Charles II., Catherine of Braganza, + James II., the Depositions concerning his Marriage with Anne Hyde, + signed by the parties; Mary d'Este, James III., the Pretender; + William III., Queen Mary, George I., and the rest of the House of + Hanover to the present Sovereign. All these Letters, and indeed + the whole of the Collection, are in the highest preservation, and + notwithstanding the great rarity of many, several specimens of + most are included. There are Autographs of the Regicides, temp. + Charles I., and unique Letters of the Conspirators Robert Aske and + Robert Catesby. The French Royal Series commences with an + extremely rare and important Autograph of Charles VII., and + continues to the close of the Monarchy. Of Henry IV. alone there + are twenty important Letters. Other Foreign Sovereigns, including + the Bonaparte family, several of Napoleon, particularly a _plein + pouvoir_ to Caulincourt, enabling him to conclude a Treaty of + Peace with the Allied Powers at the critical period of January, + 1814--Christina of Sweden, Catherine of Aragon, Catherine and + other of the House of Medici, Diane de France, John sans Peur, + 1410, Jeanne d'Albret, Louise de Savoie, Marguerite d'Autriche, + Margaret Daughter of Francis I., Sovereign Princes of the House of + Nassau, &c. Amongst the Ecclesiastics may be named a Holograph + letter of Pope Clement VIII., the Père Joseph, Janssenius, Martin + Luther (about Purgatory), Père la Chaise, Cardinal Mazarin, St. + Francis de Sales, St. Vincent de Paul, &c. The Autographs of + Literary Men include P. Aretino, Lord Bacon (two), Boileau, + Conrart, Fontenelle, Thomas Lord Fairfax, his Autograph + Translation of "Mercurius Trismagistus Pimander"--Kepler, + Lafontaine, Molière (unique), Mirabeau, Marmontel, Malherbe, + Newton, Peiresc, J. J. Rousseau, Scaliger, Salmasius, Sannazarus, + Thuanus, B. Tasso, Visconti, Voltaire, Vespucius, Winckelmann, &c. + Amongst the Artists are Ph. de Champagne, Perrault, Poussin, + Rubens, Rembrandt, Raphael d'Urbino, P. Veronese, Sir C. Wren + (about building the Monument). To this very imperfect sketch of + the contents of this important Collection may be added Autographs + of Calas, Clairon, Sir F. Drake (papers relative to his descent + upon the Spaniards), Richard Hakluyt, Robert Devereux Earl of + Essex (Letter supplicating his Life), La Noue, "Bras de Fer," Duke + of Monmouth (Letter supplicating his Life), Caesar, Nostradamus, + Sir W. Raleigh, the Chancellor Seguier, Duke of Sully, the + Sforzas, Edmund de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk and his brother + Richard (both unique), Turenne, Sir H. Vane, &c. + + Catalogues are preparing, and will be sent on application. + + The Catalogue Raisonné is now ready, and will be sent on + application, if in the country, on receipt of six stamps. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London, and +published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 19, 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 90, +July 19, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JULY 19, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 37593-8.txt or 37593-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/5/9/37593/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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