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diff --git a/37537.txt b/37537.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e22416e --- /dev/null +++ b/37537.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1439 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of San Francisco in Ruins, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: San Francisco in Ruins + +Author: Various + +Editor: A. M. Allison + +Illustrator: J. D. Givens + +Release Date: September 26, 2011 [EBook #37537] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAN FRANCISCO IN RUINS *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/American +Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + SAN FRANCISCO IN RUINS + + + A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF + EIGHT SCORE PHOTO-VIEWS + _of_ the + EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS + FLAMES' HAVOC + RUINS EVERYWHERE + RELIEF CAMPS + + + THE PHOTOGRAPHS BY J. D. GIVENS, PRESIDIO, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. + Copyright, 1906, by A. M. Allison and J. D. Givens + + ENGRAVINGS AND PRINTING BY THE SMITH-BROOKS COMPANY + DENVER, COLO. + + + + +[Illustration: + +1. Brig. Gen. Frederick Funston, commanding Department of California. + +2. Col. Wm. A. Simpson, military secretary. + +3. Lieut. Col. George M. Dunn, judge advocate. + +4. Col. John L. Clem, chief quartermaster. + +5. Col. Edw. E. Dravo, chief commissary. + +6. Col. Chas. L. Heizmann, chief surgeon. + +7. Capt. Frederick R. Day, paymaster. + +8. Capt. A. P. Buffington, paymaster. + +9. Capt. Francis G. Irwin, paymaster. + +10. Capt. Leonard D. Wildman, chief signal officer. + +11. Capt. Wm. C. Wren, assistant to chief quartermaster. + +12. Capt. Lawrence B. Simonds, assistant to chief commissary. + +13. First Lieut. Burton J. Mitchell, 12th infantry, aid-de-camp. + +14. First Lieut. Oliver P. M. Hazzard, 2d cavalry, aid-de-camp. + +15. Second Lieut. Samuel E. Patterson, Philippine Scouts. + +COMMANDING GENERAL AND STAFF, DEPARTMENT OF CALIFORNIA, U. S. A., +Headquarters, Presidio, San Francisco, Cal.] + + + + +THE FINISH OF THE FIRST EPOCH IN THE HISTORY OF SAN FRANCISCO + +_The Queen City of the Pacific Slope, Guardian of the Golden Gateway to +the Far East, the Islands of the Southern Seas, the Frozen Northland and +the Sunny Ports of our Sister Continent_ + +BY A. M. ALLISON + + +The historians of modern or ancient times have never recorded such a +maelstrom of terrified, horror and panic-stricken human beings as awoke to +the realization of the master seismic tremblor, in the City of San +Francisco at 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906. The initial quake, +being followed by many of less severity, tumbled chimneys, large and small +buildings of poor or faulty construction, broke water mains and ruptured +electric light and power conductors, causing many conflagrations in a few +moments. Then followed a catastrophe unparalleled in modern times, a +disaster beside which, for property losses, the Chicago fire, the +Johnstown flood, the Galveston tidal wave, the Mont Pelee eruption, +Vesuvius' spoutings and the Baltimore fire, fade into infinitesimal +disturbances on the records of Father Time. + +In three days, which seemed only as so many hours, there faded out of +existence noble business blocks, grand and imposing structures, beautiful +and superb residences the homes of the Argonauts, the sea kings, mining +barons and merchant princes, together with the marts and dwellings of +those who toil and delve and go down to the sea in ships, completely +desolating and razing by fire three-fourths of this once beautiful +metropolis of the whole Pacific Coast on either the northern or southern +continents. + +Nor was the City of San Francisco alone in its extremity, for many smaller +and populous towns within a radius of seventy-five miles were subjected to +the peril of the mighty corkscrew quakings, Santa Rosa being entirely +shaken down; Salinas, San Jose, Palo Alto, Santa Cruz, Berkeley, Alameda +and Oakland all suffering great property losses and some human lives. The +beautiful structures of the Leland Stanford, Jr., University, at Palo +Alto, all erected and endowed to a sum in excess of $40,000,000 by the +late Senator Leland Stanford and his philanthrophic wife, were almost +completely wrecked, including the Memorial Cathedral, which contained the +largest and finest collection of mosaic pictures on the Western +Hemisphere. + +At no point in the affected area were the earthquake shocks so severe and +destructive as in the down town district, south of Market and east of +Kearny streets, where were the large office buildings, newspaper offices, +banks, wholesale stores and warehouses, the occupants of which conducted +the business, commerce and financial engagements of not only the major +portion of the Pacific Slope, but a large and constantly-growing Oriental +trade as well. The opportune hour of the morning was all that saved the +lives of the untold thousands who labored there, but had not as yet left +their homes in the residence sections of the ill-fated city. + +Hardly had the mighty tremblor ceased its gyrations when innumerable fires +broke out among the chaotic ruins, having caught from engine furnaces, +broken electric wire conduits and spontaneous combustion, fed by the most +inflammable of materials and fanned by a stiff breeze from the bay, grew +and spread into what shortly became the most stupendous and widespread, as +well as awe-inspiring conflagration, which any people of the eighteenth or +nineteenth century have ever as yet looked upon or flown from. Had the +water mains not have been ruptured, the splendid San Francisco fire +department might have been able to cope with these many outbursts of flame +at their inception, but deprived of water in the mains, they nobly fought +the appalling flames by pumping water from the bay at as many places as +length of hose and their engines' ability would permit; but their efforts +to stay the onrushing, wide-spreading flames proved as a match's flicker +before a whirlwind. + +It being quickly seen that the panic-stricken people would soon become a +fleeing, dazed and terror-awed multitude, General Frederick Funston, +commanding the Department of California, United States Army, with +headquarters at the Presidio, immediately ordered out the cavalry, +infantry and artillery forces under his command, who aided and directed +the fleeing populace, gathered up and succored the wounded, established +emergency hospitals, and policed the city. At the same time +men-of-wars-men from the Mare Island Navy Yard, consisting of the +battleship Ohio, the cruiser Chicago, and the torpedo boat destroyer Paul +Jones, together with the ships of the United States Army Transport +Service, and all available steam craft, attacked the flames along the +water front and succeeded in saving much wharfage and the Ferry building, +which is the principal gateway from the mainland. + +Aided, ordered and guarded by the United States Army and Marine forces, +assisted by the California National Guard, who were at once called out by +the Governor, George C. Pardee, the excited and frenzied San Franciscans +made their way to squares, parks and the open hills, over two hundred +thousand fleeing to these places of refuge and another hundred thousand +making their way by ferry-boats and other craft across the bay to the +cities of Berkeley, Oakland and Alameda, caring for naught except to get +away from the awful havoc and destruction of the place they once proudly +called their City. + +In untiring efforts to stay the flames the army, navy, marine corps and +police used artillery fire, gun-cotton, dynamite and rhyolite in +back-firing, sacrificing whole blocks of splendid residences and other +structures to retard the unquenchable ever-advancing line of fire, which +at times extended unbroken for over three miles in length. At last, at the +dawn of Saturday, April 21st, after three days and nights of valiant +effort, the wind subsided and the flames died down to rise no more; but +not until after they had swept the once proud and majestic city from the +Ferry building to Van Ness avenue, ruining all the residences on the west +side of that broad, stately boulevard, to Twentieth and Guerrero streets +in the Mission, and from the waters of San Francisco bay to the Golden +Gate itself. Not in all this vast section, measuring over sixteen square +miles, did one single habitation escape the shock of the giant tremblor or +the all-devouring flames, with but a few exceptions, viz.: the United +States Mint, the United States Custom House, the United States Postoffice, +which was damaged one-half a million dollars' worth by made-land sinking +away from it, the new unfinished newspaper building of the Chronicle, and +the new building of the California Casket Company just erected, but not +wood-finished. Every other building, of whatsoever class, kind or +construction, was tumbled, crumbled, shaken down, or absolutely gutted by +the fierce flames in which granite dissolved to powder and steel beams +melted and buckled like a watch's freed mainspring; where cobble-stones +scaled and chipped off and marble slabs disintegrated and became as +bone-dust to the touch. + +No computer or statistician lives who could accurately arrive at the +monetary loss, variously estimated at from three hundred and fifty to four +hundred millions of dollars. Nor will the loss of human life ever be +known, said to be from fifteen hundred to two thousand; many more are +known to have perished in the lodging houses and cheaper hotels located in +the district south of Market street, as well as in the poorer districts, +of which no returns will or can ever be made; many identities were lost +both in and out of unidentified graves. + +On the cessation of the first quake and the breaking out of the flames all +means of surface transportation was rendered useless, except the +automobile, which did good and swift work in rescuing the wounded and +carrying the living to places of safety, as well as transporting dynamite +and other high explosives to the busy fire-fighters, also rendering +invaluable aid in getting food and water to the refugee camps in the +parks, when the relief trains, so generously and beneficiently forwarded +by all the cities of the land, began to arrive laden with provisions and +clothing for the hungry and the destitute. The sister city, Los Angeles, +which by her nearness was enabled to supply physicians, nurses and medical +supplies, as well as foodstuffs, getting the first relief train to the +stricken city on the night of the first day. + +Congress appropriated money, private citizens throughout the broad land +gave of their wealth. Army and navy stores and the cargoes of many +merchantmen in the harbor were all made available, and thus famine and +disease were prevented and lives which would have flickered and then +passed out were saved, encouraged and strengthened for the monumental task +of raising a grander, greater, safer and more beautiful New San Francisco +phoenix-like from the ashes of the City of the Forty-Niners. + +These are the words; the pictures tell the tale much better; pictures the +like of which, it is earnestly hoped, will never be presented by any +camera again while the earth rolls around. + + + + +[Illustration: Section of the Union Street Cable Line, Between Steiner and +Pierce Streets, Distorted by the Earthquake.] + +[Illustration: Break in the Asphalt Paving on Van Ness Avenue, Near +Vallejo.] + +[Illustration: Break and Two-foot Sink in East Street, Near Ferry +Building.] + +[Illustration: Break and Sink in Capp Street, Between Seventeenth and +Eighteenth Streets, in the Mission District.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on Hahnemann Homeopathic Medical College, +on California Street, Near Maple.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on Newly-Constructed Temple Beth-Israel, +1817 Geary Street, Western Addition.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on One-year-old Albert Pike Memorial +Temple, A. A. S. R., 1825 Geary Street, Western Addition.] + +[Illustration: (Photograph Taken and Copyrighted by H. S. Hooper, Oakland, +Cal. Permission Secured.) + +View of the City of San Francisco on Fire. The Only Photograph Obtained +Showing the Entire Scope and Extent of the Great Conflagration. Fire Line +Over Three Miles Long, Extending from North Beach, Golden Gate, to +Twenty-first Street, Mission.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on western side of Memorial Museum, Golden +Gate Park, a Structure of the Mid-Winter Exposition.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Total Wreck of the Children's Play-House, +in Golden Gate Park; a City Building.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on Dolores Mission, the Oldest Building in +the City; Tower of the New Church, Which Will Have to Be Rebuilt.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on Two Frame Residences on Howard Street, +Near Eighteenth, in the Mission.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on Frame Residence on Folsom, Near +Seventeenth Street, in the Mission.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on the Pierce-Rudolph Storage Warehouse, +Fillmore Street.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on the Cathedral of St. Dominic, Steiner +and Bush Streets.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on Two-story Frame Residence on Golden +Gate Avenue.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on the "Octagonal House," a Residence on +Gough Street, Near Union.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on New Golden Gate Commandery, K. T., +Building, in Course of Construction, Steiner and Sutter Streets.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on the San Francisco Gas and Electric +Company's Power-House, Near Fort Mason.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Another View S. F. G. & E. Co.'s +Power-House.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: S. F. G. & E. Co.'s Gas-House, Near Fort +Mason.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Another View S. F. G. & E. Co.'s +Gas-House.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Collapse of the Stockton Steamer Wharf, +Water Front, Near Ferry Building.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Wrecked Wharf No. 9; U. S. Cruiser +Chicago Alongside; the Ship's Pumps Protected Much Wharfage Near This +Point.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Collapse of Wharf No. 7, Near Ferry +Building.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Separation of the Sidewalk from the +Asphalt Paving on Capp Street, Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth +Streets.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock on the State Asylum at Agnews, Cal.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Wreck of the Valencia Hotel, Twentieth +Street, in the Mission; Four-story Frame Structure, Sunk Two Stories Below +Street Surface; Sixty-four Lives Lost.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Wreck of Two-story Frame Homes on Brannan +Street, Rincon Hill District.] + +[Illustration: (Photograph Taken and Copyrighted by Stewart & Rogers +Permission Secured.) + +Fire Scene of the Entire District South of Market Street, from Stuart and +Mission Streets to Sixth and Mission Streets; Also, Showing the Great +Hotel, Newspaper and Retail Centers of the City North of Market Street at +Noon of the First Day; on the Second Day All the District Shown in This +View Was Entirely Flame Swept.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Wreck of Memorial Arch at Leland Stanford +Jr. University, Palo Alto.] + +[Illustration: Effects of Shock: Wreck of New Gymnasium Building at Leland +Stanford Jr. University, Palo Alto.] + +[Illustration: Burning of Financial and Wholesale District, Taken from +Portsmouth Square, Showing to the Ferry Building.] + +[Illustration: Fire Line at City Hall, Raging South of Market Street and +on Golden Gate Avenue, First Day.] + +[Illustration: Fire Line Raging in Mission District, from Twentieth and +Guerrero Streets to Potrero Heights, Second Day.] + +[Illustration: Fire Enveloping Potrero Heights, Second Day. Entire +District Burned Over Later Same Day.] + +[Illustration: Fire Advancing on Rincon Hill District, South of Market.] + +[Illustration: Fire Reaching Van Ness Avenue, Near Green Street, on Second +Day.] + +[Illustration: From Pacific Heights at Vallejo Street, Fire Line Now at +Van Ness Avenue, Residents Prepared to Flee to the Presidio Reservation.] + +[Illustration: Fire Line South of Market, Early on First Day, Left to +Right, Shows Palace Hotel, New Chronicle, Examiner and Call Newspaper +Buildings, Mutual Savings Bank and New Shreve Office Buildings.] + +[Illustration: Flames Consuming the Rincon Hill District, First Day.] + +[Illustration: Night Scene: Rincon Hill, from Mission and Howard Streets +to Pacific Mail Dock.] + +[Illustration: Looking Up Kearny Street Towards Market, from Broadway; in +the Right Foreground Little Italy.] + +[Illustration: From Telegraph Hill, Overlooking the Wholesale District; in +Right Center the Appraisers Building, U. S. Custom House. Unscathed by +Either Earthquake or Flames.] + +[Illustration: Looking from Russian Hill Towards the Ferry Building and +Fairmount Hotel; Fire Raging in Chinatown.] + +[Illustration: From Center of Market Street at Powell, Flood Building on +Left, the Emporium on the Right, Call Building in Distance, South Side.] + +[Illustration: One of the First Outbreaks of Flame Immediately After the +Earthquake, Third and Mission Streets.] + +[Illustration: Removing the Wounded and Dead from the Wreck of the +Brunswick Hotel, Mission Street.] + +[Illustration: Looking Down Third Street from Market; Trolley Cars Were +Consumed Where They Had Been Deserted at the Moment of the Earthquake; a +Policeman Taking a Man Bereft of Reason Through Fright and Terror, to a +Place of Safety; Many Persons Went Insane.] + +[Illustration: Citizens Rendezvousing on the Vacant Places When the Fire +Was Raging in the Mission District.] + +[Illustration: Looking Towards the Ferry from Front and Market Streets on +the First Day.] + +[Illustration: Looking West from the Corner of Kearny on Market Street, +First Day.] + +[Illustration: On Market, Looking Towards the Ferry; Phelan Building on +Left, the Call Building and Palace Hotel in Distance; First Day.] + +[Illustration: Murphy, Grant & Co.'s Building, Corner Bush and Sansome +Streets.] + +[Illustration: Fire Scene in First Street, Looking from Market, First +Day.] + +[Illustration: A View of the Fire from LaFayette Square.] + +[Illustration: + + Ferry Building. + Hall of Justice. + Chamber of Commerce. + Mills Building. + Union Trust Bank. + New Chronicle. + Call Building. + Fairmount Hotel. + + U. S. Custom House. + Crocker-Woolworth Bank. + Mutual Savings Bank. + +Taken from Russian Hill: General View of the Ruins of the Wholesale, +Financial and Retail Districts; Also, Entire Scope of Chinatown; the +Streets from the Fairmount Hotel, at California and Mason, Are Sacramento, +Clay, Washington, Jackson and Pacific.] + +[Illustration: Corner of Sansome and Market Streets; London, Paris & +American Bank on Left; Wells, Fargo & Co. Bank on Right.] + +[Illustration: View from McAllister Street Looking East Along South Side +of Market Street.] + +[Illustration: At the Junction of Stockton, O'Farrell and Market Streets; +Forenoon of First Day; Destroyed That Night.] + +[Illustration: At Kearny and Market, Looking Into Third Street; Examiner +Building on Left and Call on Right Side.] + +[Illustration: Receiving Messages in Portsmouth Square; Also Coroner's +Temporary Interment Ground of the Unidentified Dead.] + +[Illustration: Dynamiting Crew of Regulars Destroying Buildings to Retard +the Progress of the Flames.] + +[Illustration: Destruction of the Emma Spreckels Building, on the First +Floor of Which Was "Zinkands."] + +[Illustration: On Powell Street at Market, South Side of Latter in +Flames.] + +[Illustration: On Market, James Flood Building on Left, Academy of +Sciences at Right.] + +[Illustration: Burning of the Cosmopolitan Hotel, Night Scene.] + +[Illustration: Ruins of the Palace Hotel, from in Front of the Chronicle +Office, Unfinished Monadnock Building at Right, Market Street.] + +[Illustration: Another View of the Palace Hotel; Ruins of the Grand Hotel +in Foreground; Taken from the Corner of Montgomery Street.] + +[Illustration: Ruins of the Tower and Market Street Front of the City +Hall; Statue of Liberty and the Argonauts Stands Undisturbed.] + +[Illustration: View of the City Hall from the Larkin Street side, with the +site of the Mechanics' Institute in the immediate foreground.] + +[Illustration: View of the St. Francis Hotel, corner of Geary and Powell +Streets, shows ruins of the John Bruner, and Cordes Furniture Co.'s +Buildings at left; part of Union Square and new addition to the Hotel on +right.] + +[Illustration: Hall of Justice, Kearny Street and Portsmouth Square +showing shattered tower and gutted doors.] + +[Illustration: Market Street, from Eighth, looking to the Call Building, +showing the Grant Building, in which were Headquarters Division of the +Pacific, ruins of Odd Fellows' Building on right.] + +[Illustration: Market Street east towards the Ferry, showing the Donohue +Building and James Flood Building on north side; Call Building, The +Emporium and Hale Brothers' Department Store on south side.] + +[Illustration: Hale Brothers' Department Store, Sixth and Market +Streets.] + +[Illustration: From Geary and Stockton Streets to Market, showing the City +of Paris Department Store and Mutual Bank Buildings on right; Marchand's +Cafe, the Spaulding Building, the Graystone Hotel and the old Chronicle +Building on left.] + +[Illustration: + + Union Trust Co. + Crocker-Woolworth Bank + New Chronicle + Call Building + Newman & Levinson + (In construction) + St. Francis Hotel + James Flood Building + California Casket Co.'s Building + + Shreve Building + Monadnock Bldg. + Spaulding Building + Golden Gate Hall + Westgate Apartments + + Mutual Bank + City of Paris + +A view of the Retail and Hotel Districts, from Jones and Bush Streets to +the Bay and Potrero Heights, and from Market and Sansome to Market and +Sixth Streets.] + +[Illustration: Pine Street, Financial District, looking west, Merchants' +Exchange on left.] + +[Illustration: Sacramento Street, from Kearny towards the Ferry, Pacific +Mutual Building, corner Montgomery.] + +[Illustration: Cable Power-House ruins, corner California and Hyde +Streets.] + +[Illustration: Post Street and Powell to Market, showing on left ruins of +the Savoy Hotel, Union League Club, Pacific-Union Club, Shreve Building, +Bohemian Club and Union Trust Bank Buildings.] + +[Illustration: Out Kearny Street from the corner of Union Square Avenue +towards Telegraph Hill, small portion of new Chronicle Building on +right.] + +[Illustration: From the corner of Market and Post, looking north on +Montgomery Street, showing on right the Union Trust Co.'s Building, the +Central Bank, the ruins of the Occidental Hotel, the Mills Building and +the Stock Exchange; Site of the Masonic Temple and Bullock-Jones Building +on left.] + +[Illustration: Looking north up Stockton Street from Geary, showing the +Dana Building and the ruins of the Pacific-Union Club, Union Square Park +at left.] + +[Illustration: From Market, North on Mason Street to Knob Hill; Showing +the Tivoli Theatre Opposite the Poodle Dog, at the Corner of Eddy Street, +Also Native Sons' Hall and the Fairmount Hotel in Distance.] + +[Illustration: Ruins of the Columbia Theatre, on Powell Street, the +Highest-class Play-house of the City.] + +[Illustration: The New Tivoli Opera House, Corner of Mason and Eddy; on +the Site of the Old Tivoli Music Hall; the Home for Years of the Tivoli +Comic Opera Stock Company.] + +[Illustration: The Majestic Theatre, on Market Near Eighth Street.] + +[Illustration: The Central Theatre, on Market Street.] + +[Illustration: The Claus Spreckels One Million Dollar Brownstone Residence +on Van Ness Avenue; the Residence to the Left Was Dynamited to Stop the +Flames.] + +[Illustration: The Flood Mansion on Knob Hill, at California and Powell +Streets; the Brown Sandstone in This Residence Was Brought Around the Horn +in Sailing Vessels in the Early Fifties.] + +[Illustration: The Crocker Residence on Knob Hill, Corner of Jones and +California Streets; Running-gear of an Auto-Car Caught by the Flames.] + +[Illustration: The Ruins of the Mark Hopkins' Institute of Art, Corner +California and Mason Streets, Which Contained the Finest Collection of +Paintings by Renowned Masters, on the Coast; the Pictures Were Cut Out of +Their Frames by Blue-jackets and Saved.] + +[Illustration: The Orpheum Theater, on O'Farrell Street, High-class +Vaudeville; the San Francisco House of the Orpheum Circuit.] + +[Illustration: This View Shows the Top of Knob Hill, and the Ruins of the +Many Elegant Residences There on Mason, Taylor and Jones Streets One Way, +and on California, Sacramento, Clay, Washington and Jackson Streets, +Running the Other Way.] + +[Illustration: Fischer's Theatre, the Alcazar Theatre, and Delmonico +Restaurant on O'Farrell Street.] + +[Illustration: The Marie Antoinnette Apartment House, on Van Ness +Avenue.] + +[Illustration: The St. Dunstan Hotel, Corner of Sutter Street and Van Ness +Avenue.] + +[Illustration: The Princeton Hotel, on Jones Street, Between Post and +Sutter Streets.] + +[Illustration: The St. Andre and El Monterey Apartment Houses on Pine +Street, Near Hyde.] + +[Illustration: The San Francisco Y. M. C. A. Building and Gymnasium, +Corner of Mason and Ellis Streets.] + +[Illustration: The St. Boniface German Catholic Cathedral and Nunnery, on +Golden Gate Avenue, Between Leavenworth and Jones Streets.] + +[Illustration: Grace Methodist-Episcopal Church, on California and +Stockton Streets.] + +[Illustration: St. Francis Roman Catholic Cathedral, on Vallejo Street, +Corner Montgomery Avenue.] + +[Illustration: Ruins of the Chinese Baptist Church on Clay Street, Between +Stockton and Powell Streets.] + +[Illustration: Center of Chinatown; Looking Up Dupont Street from Clay, +Towards California Street.] + +[Illustration: Ruins of the Chinese Joss House on Waverley Place, +Chinatown.] + +[Illustration: Looking Up Grant Avenue from Geary Street; the Three +Columns in Center are the Ruins of the Bohemian Club, Corner Post +Street.] + +[Illustration: View of Kearny Street from Jackson, Showing the New Western +Hotel, Commercial Hotel and Hall of Justice.] + +[Illustration: Looking East on Commercial Street, from Kearny to +Montgomery, Showing the Pacific-Mutual Bank and Sub-Treasury.] + +[Illustration: The Emporium Department Store, South Side of Market Street, +One Week After the Fire; Showing the Rent in Wall at Top Story Caused by +the Earthquake.] + +[Illustration: Looking North on Front Street from Jackson, in the Heart of +the Wholesale District.] + +[Illustration: Looking West on Jackson from Montgomery Street, Up Knob +Hill.] + +[Illustration: Looking from Union Square at the Base of the Dewey +Monument, Down Post Street at Stockton, Showing the Ruins of the Union +League and the Pacific-Union Clubs, and the Shreve Office Building.] + +[Illustration: South of Market; Taken from the Corner of Seventh and +Folsom Streets, Showing the U. S. Postoffice Left Center and Knob Hill +Right Distance.] + +[Illustration: The Million-Dollar Cathedral and Convent of St. Ignacius, +at the Corner of Golden Gate and Van Ness Avenues.] + +[Illustration: At the Corner of Dupont and Clay Streets, in Chinatown, +Showing the Crumpled Tower of the Hall of Justice in the Left Center.] + +[Illustration: View Over Chinatown to Telegraph Hill and the Water Front, +from the Corner of California and Powell Streets.] + +[Illustration: All That is Left of Telegraph Hill District, from Broadway +and Kearny.] + +[Illustration: The Famous Pacific Street and Barbary Coast, the Bowery of +San Francisco, Well Known to the Seamen of All Nations.] + +[Illustration: Ruins of the Large and Beautiful Temple Emanuel, on Sutter +Street, Near Powell Street, Effects of the Earthquake and Flames.] + +[Illustration: Panorama View, Looking South from Knob Hill at the Corner +of Jones and California Streets; Showing to the Bay and Potrero Heights; +the Immediate Foreground was the Site of Many Hundreds of Good Family +Hotels for Which the City Was Noted.] + +[Illustration: On California Street Near Van Ness Avenue; the +Running-gears of the California Street Cable Cars, Which Were Burned Where +They Stood.] + +[Illustration: On Market Street at Ninth, One Week After the Fire; +Refugees En Route to the Ferry; Men of the Board of Public Works Repairing +the Water Mains.] + +[Illustration: The Bread Line on Van Ness Avenue at Calvary Church Drawing +Their Daily Rations from the Army and Red Cross Relief Stations; as the +Wholesale Stores Were Destroyed, the Stocks of the Retail Stores Were +Seized by the Authorities for a General and Equitable Distribution to +All.] + +[Illustration: Refugee Food and Coffee Station in Union Square, Dewey +Monument and Other Building corner of Powell and Geary Street.] + +[Illustration: Temporary Refugee Camp near Fort Mason.] + +[Illustration: Establishing Refugee Camp on Lombard Street, near Fort +Mason.] + +[Illustration: Archbishop Montgomery Holding the Only Religious Services +in the City of San Francisco, on the Presidio Reservation, on Sunday, +April 22, 1906.] + +[Illustration: Refugees Quartered in Army Dog-tents, on the Common, Near +Fort Mason.] + +[Illustration: Refugees Quartered in Army Wall Tents on the Presidio +Reservation.] + +[Illustration: Refugee Camp on Gas-House Flats, at Lombard Street, Near +Fort Mason.] + +[Illustration: Los Angeles' Relief Committee's Food Station in Golden Gate +Park; first hot meals in three days for rich and poor Refugees alike.] + +[Illustration: Refugee Camp in Golden Gate Park, one week old; U. S. Army +tents.] + +[Illustration: Same Refugee Camp in Golden Gate Park, two weeks old; board +barracks taking the place of the tents.] + +[Illustration: The largest Refugee Camp, on the Presidio Reservation; +United States Army General Hospital showing.] + +[Illustration: Refugee bread line at the Relief Station at Calvary Church, +formed and controlled by U. S. Marines.] + +[Illustration: Another view of the big Refugee Camp on the Presidio +Reservation; circus tent being used as the Emergency Medical Supply +Depot.] + +[Illustration: Refugees occupying vacant lots at the corner of Lombard and +Van Ness Avenue; Fort Mason in the center distance.] + +[Illustration: Two substantial Refugee Camps, one on the Fort Mason +Reservation, the other on Gas-House Flats, at Lombard Street.] + +[Illustration: View showing the Cantonment on the Presidio Reservation, +Cavalry and Artillery Barracks, and the Corral for the pack-trains used by +the Army to transport the Relief Committee's supplies to the different +camps.] + +[Illustration: United States Torpedo Boat Destroyer Paul Jones, which +rendered excellent service protecting shipping and wharfage.] + +[Illustration: Panorama View from Sutter and Jones Streets; the center of +the Family Hotel and Boarding-House District; showing the Wreck and Ruin +of many fine Apartment Houses and Hotel Buildings.] + +[Illustration: Refugee Camp on Bush Street, near the St. Dominic +Cathedral.] + +[Illustration: Refugee Camp No. 6, at Harbor View.] + +[Illustration: The United States Battleship Ohio, which furnished many +marines for patrol duty, and whose engines pumped much water for the Fire +Department, saving wharfs and shipping.] + +[Illustration: "Searching for the Missing," one of many sad scenes during +those awful days; the dead from the earthquake wrecks were hastily buried +in the parks, squares and vacant lots, some in known, but many more in +unidentified graves; those who perished in the flames were lost, never to +be found, and their number will never be known.] + + + + +SAN FRANCISCO'S HONOR ROLL + +BRILLIANT AND SELF-SACRIFICING WORK OF THE COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED WHO +STOOD BY THEIR BELOVED CITY IN THE HOUR OF HER DARKEST PERIL + +MAYOR SCHMITZ AND HIS CO-WORKERS, GENERAL FUNSTON AND THE BOYS IN BLUE, +THE SALVATION OF A STRICKEN CITY + + +After the Earth jumped back on its track at 5:13:47 on the morning of +Wednesday, April 18th, 1906, the citizens of San Francisco came down on +their feet in fighting mood, and the success of that fight has aroused the +wonder and admiration of the entire world. Being true sons of their +fathers they showed the thoroughbred strain in time of stress and peril +just as did those fathers before them. There was no denying the fact that +many thought it the end of time, listened for the trumpet of Gabriel to +echo through the crash of worlds, and looked toward the heavens to see the +angel with the flaming sword, but they stood to meet it like men, backed +as they were against the wall. When walls ceased falling and they had +rubbed the dust from their eyes, they found that they still lived; it was +then that they shut their jaws and began to fight. They have been fighting +ever since and will continue to fight until San Francisco shall have been +restored even beyond the dreams of those fathers. + +The first effective work began with Mayor Eugene E. Schmitz and the +members of the Police Commission, who had quickly assembled at the Hall of +Justice. It was a time when no man could stop to think twice; immediate +action must be taken; action that must be absolutely correct on the first +thought. The first official action was to send out police to close each +and every saloon. + +Everywhere the streets were filled with the debris of fallen walls and +cobwebbed with a tangle of dangling wires, among which half a million of +people stood numb and dazed or groped their way blindly, not knowing where +to go nor what to do. In a dozen widely scattered localities smoke devils +were dancing from roof to roof and people gave way mechanically for the +clanging apparatus rushing wildly to the fires. + +In collapsed buildings there were many dead, but "let the dead care for +the dead;" there were those yet living pinned under fallen walls and +beams. There were hundreds and hundreds of injured to be succored. There +were hundreds of millions of dollars in shattered banks, the savings of +the people, to be guarded against the time when some men go mad and seize +on the possessions of a neighbor as one crazed brute snaps at another. +That was the situation, in brief, that confronted the Mayor, the Police +Commission and the six hundred policemen of San Francisco, a handful to +cope with disaster by earthquake, fire, and the elements of chaos that a +city of half a million breeds. + +The Mayor and the Police Commission had barely entered into conference +when this message came to them from Brigadier General Frederick Funston: +"Do you need help?" Did they? "Yes, send all the troops you can," was the +reply dispatched with all the haste of a city's need. Then the conference +went on. It was brief. The situation demanded the co-operation of the +entire city. + +A Citizens Committee of Safety was hurriedly decided upon, and the Mayor +compiled the following "Committee of One Hundred" of the prominent +citizens of the city in all walks of life: Mayor Eugene E Schmitz, +chairman; Rufus P. Jennings, secretary; Frank B. Anderson, Hugo K. Asher, +W. J. Bartnett, Maurice Block, Hugh M. Burke, Albert E. Castle, Arthur H. +Castle, Paul Cowles, H. T. Creswell, Henry J. Crocker, R. A. Crothers, P. +C. Currier, Jeremiah Deneen, E. J. De Pue, M. H. De Young, George L. +Dillman, A. B. C. Dohrmann, J. J. Dwyer, Charles S. Fee, John W. Ferris, +Tirey L. Ford, Thomas Garrett, Mark L. Gerstle, Wellington Gregg, Jr., R. +B. Hale, William Greer Harrison, J. Downey Harvey, I. W. Hellman, Jr., +Francis J. Heney, William F. Herrin, Dr. Marcus Herzstein, Howard Holmes, +J. R. Howell, Judge John Hunt, D. V. Kelly, Homer S. King, George A. +Knight, Franklin K. Lane, Herbert E. Law, W. H. Leahy, J. J. Lerman, C. H. +Maddox, Frank Maestretti, Thomas Magee, W. A. Magee, John S. Mahoney, John +Martin, Garret McEnerney, John McLaren, John McNaught, S. B. McNear, +William M. Metson, Archbishop Montgomery, E. F. Moran, Irving F. Moulton, +Thornwall Mullally, S. G. Murphy, Bishop Nichols, Father O'Ryan, James D. +Phelan, Albert Pissis, Willis Polk, Allan Pollok, E. B. Pond, H. B. +Ramsdell, James Reid, J. B. Reinstein, David Rich, Dent H. Robert, J. B. +Rogers, John W. Rogers, Andrea Sbarboro, Henry T. Scott, W. P. Scott, +Frank Shea, S. M. Shortridge, Claus Spreckels, Rudolph Spreckels, I. +Steinhart, Gustav Sutro, W. W. Thurston, Clem Tobin, George Tourny, Fred +Ward, Charles S. Wheeler, Thomas P. Woodward, and John P. Young. + +These names with addresses from the City Directory, were at once placed in +the hands of a detail of policemen, a few names to each member of the +squad, with instructions to have the Committee at the Hall of Justice by 3 +o'clock in the afternoon. + +This work had barely been commenced when the rhythmic tramp, tramp, tramp, +of many feet was heard on the street, as column alter column of the +blue-shirted lads swung by, each carrying a short Krag rifle with a belt +of ball cartridges. Their officers reported to the Chief of Police, who +assigned each a district to patrol and detailed a policeman to guide each +command to its post. No one not on Market Street or in the downtown +district at that time can appreciate the feeling of relief that came over +all as those silent, quiet, business-like boys swung by with the +steadiness and precision of a machine, passing under tottering walls and +entering the danger zone with dynamite and gun-cotton to raze buildings +from the path of the fire. + +The deeds of heroism and the courage displayed by regulars, militiamen, +police, firemen, and civilian volunteers on the 18th and 19th will never +be told; they can not be. They were occurring constantly, a dozen in a +block, throughout the city, and there was no time for names or details. +Firemen, regulars, police, and civilian volunteers worked in the heat and +smoke and noxious gases until they were overcome and fell in their tracks. +They were dragged back and others stepped into the breach, to be dragged +back in turn when they fell. Firemen fought with the determination of +despair and cried like children when the failure of water deprived them of +their weapon. + +Before the hour set for the meeting of the Citizens' Committee the entire +city was threatened with destruction. The sky was obscured with a pal of +smoke through which swung the sun like a blood-red ball; great sheets of +flame writhed and swirled through the smoke, and underneath all 300,000 +men, women and children fled for their lives, tottering under their most +valuable possessions, while 100,000 more were preparing for flight. That +was the situation when the above named citizens met at the Hall of Justice +at the call of the Mayor at three o'clock on the afternoon of the 18th. + +They assembled first in the office of the Chief of Police, but another +shock threatened to bring the tower down on their heads and drove them to +the office of the central station, in the basement, and it was not long +before they were driven from there to Portsmouth Square. There in the open +air surrounded by thousands of frightened Chinese and residents of the +district, was the seat of municipal government during the late afternoon +and early evening. Then a dynamited building cast its debris of bricks, +mortar and broken glass over the square, and government and advisory +committee hastily adjourned to the Fairmount Hotel on Knob Hill. +Headquarters had been established there but a short time when it was +driven back by the advancing wall of fire and an adjournment was taken +until Thursday morning at 9 o'clock, to meet at the north end police +station, 1712 Washington street. + +When the Mayor, Police Commission and Citizens' Committee of One Hundred +met Thursday morning, the following sub-committees were appointed and +immediately commenced work: + +_Resumption of Civil Government, not including Judiciary_--Garret +McEnerney, chairman. + +_Resumption of the Judiciary_--Charles W. Slack, chairman. + +_Resumption of Transportation_--Thornwall Mullally, chairman. + +_Automobile Committee_--R. B. Hale, chairman; Gavin McNab, I. W. Raphael, +George Smith, Robert Park, Michael Casey, J. R. Howell and Mr. Harris. + +_Transportation of Refugees_--Thomas Magee, chairman; George A. Hensley. + +_Restoration of Water_--Frank B. Anderson, chairman; George L. Dillman, +secretary; A. S. Porter, A. H. Payson, H. Schussler, and Mr. Lane. + +_Restoration of Light and Telephone_--Rudolph Spreckels, chairman; A. M. +Hunt, secretary; Charles S. Wheeler, T. C. Friedlander, J. Martin, C. O. +Lyman, Louis Glass, and F. M. Lamb. + +_Relief of Hungry_--Rabbi Voorsanger, chairman; Oscar Cooper, secretary; +John S. Drum, S. B. McNear, Hugo K. Asher, W. P. Scott, Maurice Block, W. +W. Thurston, and A. B. C. Dohrmann. + +_Housing the Homeless_--W. J. Bartnett, chairman; M. J. Cerf, secretary; +R. M. Countryman, John H. Speck, J. Dalzell Brown, and Charles S. Fee. + +_Restoration of Fires in Dwellings_--Jeremiah Deneen, chairman; J. J. +Mahony and George F. Duffey. + +_Finance Committee of the Relief and Red Cross Funds_--James D. Phelan, +chairman; J. Downey Harvey, secretary; William Babcock, Horace Davis, M. +H. De Young, Frank G. Drumm, James L. Flood, I. W. Hellman, Jr., William +F. Herrin, Rufus P. Jennings, Herbert E. Law, Thomas Magee, Garret +McEnerney, John P. Merrill, W. W. Morrow, Allan Pollok, Rudolph Spreckels, +Charles Sutro, Jr., and Joseph S. Tobin. + +_Roofing the Homeless (Sub-committee of Housing the Homeless)_--Fairfax H. +Wheelan, chairman; Miss Katherine Felton, O. K. Cushing, and F. J. Symmes. + +_Press Agent_--I. Choynski, chairman. + +_Drugs and Medical Supplies_--Dr. Harris, chairman; Father O'Ryan, Judge +Hunt, J. J. Lermen, W. H. Metson, Dr. McGill, Dr. Garceau, and Max +Mamlock. + +_Relief of Sick and Wounded_--Miss Katherine Felton, chairman; Mrs. John +F. Merrill, Fairfax H. Wheelan, O. K. Cushing, and Dr. James W. Ward, +sanitation. + +_Relief of Chinese_--Rev. Dr. Filben, chairman. + +_Permanent Location of Chinatown_--Abraham Ruef, chairman; James D. +Phelan, Jeremiah Deneen, Dr. James W. Ward, and Dr. Filben. + +_Restoration and Resumption of Retail Trade_--Geo. W. Wittman, chairman; +H. D. Loveland. + +_Citizens' Police Committee_--H. U. Brandenstein, chairman. + +_Auxiliary Fire Committee_--A. W. Wilson, chairman. + +_Restoration of Abbattoirs_--Henry Miller, chairman. + +_History and Statistics_--John S. Drum, chairman; E. F. Moran, secretary; +Richard C. Harrison, and Clement Bennett. + +_Organization of the Wholesalers_--William Babcock, chairman. + +Martial law having been declared, one of the first orders of the Citizens' +Committee was embodied in the first proclamation of the Mayor: "Troops +and police are authorized to kill on sight any person or persons caught +looting." After that there were occasional reports in the burned +districts; they may have been exploding automobile tires--no one stopped +to inquire. Anyway, there was no further looting. + +The sub-committees had barely time to organize when the fire swept over +the hills and they were again driven out. The Mayor issued an order that +all records saved and the municipal government be removed to the Police +Station at Haight and Stanyan Streets, far out by Golden Gate Park, for a +last stand. At the same time he ordered an adjournment of all committees +to Franklin Hall, at the corner of Bush and Fillmore Streets, thus +establishing headquarters as near the fire line as practicable. If burned +out there his orders were for all to rally at the Park Police Station. + +That was at noon on Thursday; within thirty hours the Committee had been +organized by men who left their property to destruction and within the +same length of time the committee had been burned out four times and +located the fifth headquarters. The city had been policed by regulars, +militiamen and volunteers, and the most disastrous fire in history was +under control. + +The care of the injured, the feeding of the hungry and the housing of the +homeless were the first consideration of the Committees, and for the first +day or two all else was subordinated to these works of mercy. + +It will require a large book to tell the details of the work of these +committees, each being aided by hundreds of volunteers. Each member of a +committee being vested with police powers, and automobiles, carriages and +wagons of all kinds were impressed wherever found; their loads were dumped +on the sidewalks and filled with the injured or medical and food supplies, +the vehicles hurried on to destinations named by the committeemen. + +The rapidity with which the Committee effected an organization and +relieved the suffering and hunger of nearly 300,000 people is noteworthy. +Changing headquarters five times and organizing and planning as the +members fled along the streets was no easy task, but it was accomplished +and for nearly a week these committees arranged and cared for the homeless +multitude. + +The rapidity with which organization was effected and order enforced, is +what amazes the knowing world today. It was done by citizens of San +Francisco, backing up their executive with their lives and their fortunes, +and back of them stood their friends in the breadth and length of these +whole United States. As did the fathers of fifty years ago, so did the +sons of today. + +(San Francisco Chronicle, May 9th 1906.) + + + + +[Illustration: + +1. Lieut. Col. George H. Torney, deputy surgeon general, commanding. + +2. Capt. James M. Kennedy, assistant surgeon. + +3. Capt. Henry H. Rutherford, assistant surgeon. + +4. Lieut. John H. Allen, assistant surgeon. + +5. Lieut. Roderic P. O'Connor, assistant surgeon. + +6. Lieut. Herbert M. Smith, assistant surgeon. + +7. Capt. Wilson T. Davidson, assistant surgeon. + +8. Lieut. Robert E. Noble, assistant surgeon. + +9. Lieut. James F. Hall, assistant surgeon. + +10. Lieut. John L. Shepard, assistant surgeon. + +DEPUTY SURGEON GENERAL, COMMANDING, AND THE MEDICAL STAFF OF THE UNITED +STATES ARMY GENERAL HOSPITAL, PRESIDIO, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.] + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of San Francisco in Ruins, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAN FRANCISCO IN RUINS *** + +***** This file should be named 37537.txt or 37537.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/5/3/37537/ + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/American +Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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