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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England and
+Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Curiousities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol. 1
+ Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically
+ Arranged. 11 Volume set.
+
+Author: Thomas Dugdale
+
+Other: William Burnett
+
+Release Date: September 25, 2011 [EBook #37519]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOUSITIES OF GREAT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Graeme Mackreth and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images generously made
+available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Frontispiece.
+
+_Designed & Engraved for_ Dugdales England & Wales _Delineated._]
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES of GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+ENGLAND & WALES
+
+Delineated.
+
+_Historical, Entertaining & Commercial._
+
+Alphabetically arranged
+
+_By Thomas Dugdale. Antiquarian._
+
+_assisted by WILLIAM BURNETT. CIVIL ENGINEER._ --1835--
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Warkworth Hermitage. Northumberland.
+
+Drawn and Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated. _London
+Published by L. Tallis. S. Jewin Street. City._
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by J. Satmon
+
+KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE.
+
+Engraved by E. Mansill
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by J. Marchant.
+
+THEBERTON HOUSE THE SEAT of THOS GIBSON ESQ.
+
+Engraved by D. Buckle.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: CITY OF DURHAM,
+
+DURHAM.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: THE QUEEN'S PALACE, PIMLICO.
+
+_MIDDLESEX._
+
+The birth place of The Prince of Wales, born, Novr 9. 1911, also of
+the Princess Royal, born. Novr 21, 1810.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: YORK.
+
+_OLD BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER FOSS._]
+
+[Illustration: PENRICE CASTLE.
+
+_GLAMORGANSHIRE_
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: TRETWR.
+
+_BRECKNOCKSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: NEW POST OFFICE.
+
+_St. Martins le-Grand_
+
+_LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE.
+
+_LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: DUNSTABLE PRIORY CHURCH,
+
+(WEST FRONT.)
+
+BEDFORDSHIRE.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: PLYMOUTH SOUND.
+
+FROM MOUNT EDGCOMBE.]
+
+[Illustration: MANERBEER CASTLE,
+
+_PEMBROKESHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: _West Tower of_
+
+GOODRICH CASTLE,
+
+_HEREFORDSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawn & Engraved by J. Grey]
+
+CARLISLE CASTLE,
+
+CUMBERLAND.
+
+[Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: BANK OF ENGLAND.
+
+_LONDON._]
+
+[Illustration: CITY OF BRISTOL,
+
+_GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND SOMERSETSHIRE._
+
+Among the numerous distinguished individuals to whom Bristol has had the
+honour of giving birth, are Lilly, Chatterton, Mrs. Mary Robinson,
+Mrs. Hannah More, Southey, Sebastian Cabot, the first discoverer of the
+continent of America, & many others.]
+
+[Illustration: KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE,
+
+_YORKSHIRE._
+
+About a mile down the river from this Castle, is St. Robert's Cave, the
+scene of the murder committed by Eugene Aram, which was discovered
+thirteen years afterwards.]
+
+[Illustration: BATTERSEA BRIDGE.
+
+_SURREY._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: BATTLE ABBEY.
+
+_SUSSEX._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: LLANTHONEY ABBEY.
+
+_MONMOUTHSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: COWBRIDGE,
+
+_GLAMORGANSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: VALE OF TAFF.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: LAUGHARNE CASTLE,
+
+_CAERMARTHENSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: RUNNEY MEAD, OR MAGNA CHARTA ISLAND.
+
+_NEAR EGHAM, SURREY._
+
+This place is celebrated in history as the spot where the assembled
+barons in 1215, obtained from King John, the grant of Magna Charta.]
+
+[Illustration: KIRKSTALL ABBEY, NEAR LEEDS.
+
+_YORKSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: GOLDSMITH'S HALL.
+
+_FOSTER LANE, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.
+
+Charles Street Mary-le-bone.
+
+This Hospital was instituted for sick & lame patients in 1745. The
+present substantial building was completed in 1835.]
+
+[Illustration: ENGLAND & WALES]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: ENGLAND & WALES
+
+With its Railroads & Canals.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BEDFORDSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BERKSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration: CAMBRIDGESHIRE]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: CHESHIRE]
+
+[Illustration: CORNWALL.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: CUMBERLAND.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: DERBYSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+ENGLAND AND WALES DELINEATED:
+
+HISTORICAL, ENTERTAINING, AND COMMERCIAL.
+
+EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERS SUBJOINED TO THE NAMES OF PLACES.
+
+ bo borough
+ chap chapelry
+ co county
+ dis district
+ div division
+ ext. p. extra parochial
+ ham hamlet
+ hun hundred
+ la lathe
+ lib liberty
+ m. t. market town
+ pa parish
+ pre precinct
+ qr quarter
+ ra rape
+ ti tithing
+ to township
+ vil village
+ wap wapentake
+ ward wardship
+ E. East
+ W. West
+ N. North
+ S. South
+ S.E. South-East
+ S.W. South-West
+ N.E. North-East
+ N.W. North-West
+
+E.R. York.--N.R. York.--or W.R. York ... East, North, or West Riding
+of Yorkshire.
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+------------------+----------+------------+---------------+
+ 34|Abbas Combe pa|Somerset |Wincanton 3|Milborne Port 6|
+ 15|Abbenhall pa|Gloucester|Newnham 4|Mitchel Dean 1|
+ 33|Abberbury[A] pa|Salop |Shrewsbury 8|Melverly 3|
+ 42|Abberley pa|Worcester |Bewdley 6|Tenbury 11|
+ 14|Abberton pa|Essex |Colchester 4|Witham 12|
+ 42|Abberton pa|Worcester |Pershore 6|Alcester 8|
+ 29|Abberwick to|Northumber|Alnwick 3|Wooler 14|
+ 58|Abber-cwm-Hir chap|Radnor |Rhayader 6|Knighton 15|
+ 9|Abbey-Dore pa|Hereford |Hereford 11|Hay 14|
+ 17|Abbey-Holm[B] pa|Cumberland|Wigton 6|Allonby 7|
+ +--+------------------+----------+------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|population.
+ +--+------------------+---------------------------+-----+-----+
+ 34|Abbas Combe pa|Shaftesbury 8| 105| 448|
+ 15|Abbenhall pa|Monmouth 13| 116| 235|
+ 33|Abberbury[A] pa|Montgomery 15| 161| 1798|
+ 42|Abberley pa|Kidderminst 8| 125| 590|
+ 14|Abberton pa|Maldon 13| 47| 203|
+ 42|Abberton pa|Worcester 10| 103| 90|
+ 29|Abberwick to|Rothbury 7| 311| 135|
+ 58|Abber-cwm-Hir chap|Presteign 18| 186| 368|
+ 9|Abbey-Dore pa|Ross 16| 140| 533|
+ 17|Abbey-Holm[B] pa|Carlisle 17| 309| 3056|
+ +--+------------------+---------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] ABBERBURY, or Alberbury, a parish and township, partly in the
+hundreds of Cawrse and Deythur, in the county of Montgomery, and partly
+in that of Ford, in the county of Salop. Warine, sheriff of this county
+in the reign of Henry I., founded an abbey for black monks, a cell to
+Guardmont, in Limosin, which, at the suppression of alien priories was
+bestowed by Henry VI. upon the college founded by Archbishop Chiechley.
+Benthall, Eyton, Rowton, Amaston, and Wollaston, are all townships of
+this parish. At Glyn, in this parish, is the celebrated Old Parr's
+cottage, which has undergone but little alteration since his time; it is
+timber-framed, rare, and picturesque, within view of Rodney's Pillar on
+Bredden Hill, in Montgomeryshire. In Wollaston Chapel is a brass plate,
+with his portrait thus inscribed: "The old, old, very old man, Thomas
+Parr, was born at the Glyn, in the township of Wennington, within the
+chapelry of Great Wollaston, and parish of Alberbury, in the county of
+Salop, in 1483. He lived in the reigns of ten kings and queens of
+England, viz. King Edward IV., King Edward V., King Richard III., King
+Henry VII., King Henry VIII., King Edward VI., Queen Mary, Queen
+Elizabeth, King James I., and Charles I.; he died in London, (sixteen
+years after his presentation to King Charles,) on the 13th of November,
+1635, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, on the 15th of the same
+month, aged one hundred and fifty-two years and nine months. At the age
+of one hundred and five, he did penance in the church of Alberbury, for
+criminal connexion with Catherine Milton, by whom he had offspring."
+
+[Sidenote: Old Parr's cottage and birth-place, who lived in the reigns
+of ten kings and queens.]
+
+[Sidenote: Did penance at the age of 105.]
+
+
+[B] ABBEY-HOLM is a small town in the ward of Allerdale. The original
+consequence of this little town was derived from an abbey of Cistercian
+monks, founded here, about the twelfth century, by Henry I. of England,
+as the crown rolls imply. Its benefactors were many in number, and by
+the magnificent grants and privileges with which it was endowed, it
+acquired so much importance, that during the reigns of Edward I. and II.
+its abbots, though not mitred, were frequently summoned to sit in
+parliament. The abbey was pillaged and burnt during the incursion of
+Robert Bruce, but afterwards rebuilt with great magnificence; few
+vestiges, however, of its monastic buildings now remain. From the ruins
+the Parochial Chapel was formed, and there yet stands a part of the
+church in its original form. During the reign of Henry VIII. the abbey
+was chiefly dilapidated; the church continued in good condition till the
+year 1600, when the steeple, one hundred and fourteen feet high,
+suddenly fell down, and by its fall destroyed great part of the chancel.
+Its total ruin was nearly accomplished by an accidental fire five years
+afterwards. This fire took place on April 18, 1604, and was occasioned
+by a servant carrying a live coal into the roof of the church, to search
+for an iron chisel; the boisterous wind blew the coal out of his hand
+into a daw's nest, by which the whole was ignited, and within less than
+three hours it consumed both the body of the chancel and the whole
+church, except the south side of the low church, which was saved by
+means of a stone vault. Almost due-west from Abbey-Holm, in a strong
+situation near the sea coast, are some remains of Wulstey Castle, a
+fortress, which was erected by the abbots to secure their treasures,
+books, and charters from the sudden depredations of the Scots. "In this
+castle," observes Camden, "tradition reports, that the magic works of
+Sir Michael Scot (or Scotus), were preserved, till they were mouldering
+into dust. He professed a religious life here about the year 1290, and
+became so versed in the mathematics, and other abstruse sciences, that
+he obtained the character of a magician, and was believed, in that
+credulous age, to have performed many miracles." The story of Michael
+Scot forms a beautiful episode in Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel,"
+the notes to which furnish some curious information respecting that
+extraordinary personage. Sir Michael Scot, of Balwearie, we are told,
+flourished during the thirteenth century, and was one of the ambassadors
+sent to bring the Maid of Norway to Scotland, upon the death of
+Alexander III. His memory survives in many a legend; and in the south of
+Scotland, any work of great labour and antiquity is ascribed either to
+the agency of auld Michael, of Sir William Wallace, or the devil. The
+following are amongst the current traditions concerning Michael
+Scot:--He was chosen, it is said, to go upon an embassy, to obtain from
+the King of France satisfaction for certain piracies committed by his
+subjects upon those of Scotland. Instead of preparing a new equipage and
+splendid retinue, he evoked a fiend in the shape of a huge black horse,
+mounted upon his back, and forced him to fly through the air towards
+France. When he arrived at Paris, he tied his horse to the gate of the
+palace, and boldly delivered his message. An ambassador with so little
+of the pomp and circumstance of diplomacy was not received with much
+respect, and the king was about to return a contemptuous refusal to his
+demand, when Michael besought him to suspend his resolution till he had
+seen his horse stamp three times: the first stamp shook every steeple in
+Paris, and caused all the bells to ring; the second threw down three of
+the towers of the palace; and the infernal steed had lifted up his hoof
+to give the third stamp, when the king rather chose to dismiss Michael,
+with the most ample concessions, than to stand to the probable
+consequences. Another time, it is said that, while residing at the tower
+of Oakwood, upon the Ettrick, about three miles above Selkirk, having
+heard of the fame of a sorceress, called the Witch of Falsehope, who
+lived on the opposite side of the river, Michael went one morning to put
+her skill to the test, but was disappointed by her positively denying
+any knowledge of the necromantic art. In his discourse with her, he laid
+his wand inadvertently on the table which the hag observing, suddenly
+snatched it up and struck him with it. Feeling the force of the charm,
+he rushed out of the house; but as it had conferred on him the external
+appearance of a hare, his servant, who waited without, hallooed upon the
+discomfited wizard his own greyhounds, and pursued him so close, that,
+in order to obtain a moment's breathing to reverse the charm, Michael,
+after a very fatiguing course, was fain to take refuge in his own common
+sewer.
+
+ _Fair_, October 29, for horses and horned cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey destroyed by the accidental firing of a daw's
+nest.]
+
+[Sidenote: Michael Scot, the magician.]
+
+[Sidenote: Scottish legends.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fiend horse.]
+
+[Sidenote: French King's concession.]
+
+[Sidenote: The witch of Falsehope.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+ 16|Abbots Ann pa|Hants |Andover 2|Salisbury 16|
+ 11|Abbots Bickington pa|Devon |Holsworthy 6|Torrington 9|
+ 35|Abbots Bromley[A] pa|Stafford|Uttoxeter 7|Lichfield 10|
+ 12|Abbotsbury[B] pa|Dorset |Dorchester 10|Bridport 10|
+ +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-----+-------+
+ 16|Abbots Ann pa|Stockbridge 6| 66| 562|
+ 11|Abbots Bickington pa|Hartland 13| 220| 77|
+ 35|Abbots Bromley[A] pa|tafford 11| 1129| 1621|
+ 12|Abbotsbury[B] pa|Weymouth 10| 127| 874|
+ +--+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] ABBOTS BROMLEY. The hobby-horse dance, an ancient custom, was
+observed here till the civil war.--Ten or twelve of the dancers carried,
+on their shoulders, deers' heads, painted with the arms of Paget, Bagot,
+and Welles, to whom the chief property of the town belonged. The horns
+yet hang up in the church, but the custom is now discontinued. The
+parish includes Bromley, Bagot's liberty, and Bromley Hurst township.
+Bagot's park is the deer-park of Lord Bagot, whose seat is at
+Blithefield.
+
+ _Market, Tuesday._--_Fairs_, Tuesday before Mid-lent Sunday, May 22,
+ September 4, for horses and horned cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Hobby-horse dance]
+
+
+[B] ABBOTSBURY consists of a single parish, divided into three streets,
+nearly in the form of the letter Y, lying in a valley surrounded and
+protected by bold hills near the sea. There is a tradition that this
+place was called Abodesbyry by St. Peter himself, in the infancy of
+Christianity, but it is more probably supposed to have derived its name
+from the magnificent abbey, originally founded here, in the early part
+of the eleventh century. The ruins of the abbey (which was once large
+and splendid, but is now nearly demolished), consist of a large barn, a
+stable, supposed to have been the dormitory, a porch which belonged to
+the conventual church, the principal entrance, a portion of the walls,
+and two buildings conjectured to have been used for domestic purposes.
+The barn, which, when entire, was the largest in the county, is now so
+dilapidated, that only a part of it can be used. The church, in which
+Orcus and his wife, the founders, were buried, is, with the exception of
+the porch and a pile of ruins under some neighbouring elms, totally
+destroyed; but the numerous chantries and chapels which belonged to it
+sufficiently prove its ancient magnificence. On an eminence, at a short
+distance from the town, stands a small building called St. Catherine's
+Chapel, which is supposed to have been erected about the time of Edward
+IV., and which from its height and lofty situation, serves both for a
+sea and land mark. Abbotsbury Church appears to have been built a short
+time before the reformation; the pulpit is pierced by musket balls, said
+to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers, at the officiating minister,
+whom, however, they missed. But it is more likely to have occurred at
+the time of Sir Anthony Astley Cooper's attack on the royalists, at the
+siege of Sir John Strangeway's house, in 1651. About a mile to the
+south-west of Abbotsbury, is the "decoy," where great quantities of wild
+fowl are annually taken. But the object which most engages the attention
+of strangers, in the neighbourhood of this town, is the celebrated
+"swannery," which, not long since, was the property of the Earl of
+Ilchester. In the open or broad space of the fleet are kept six or seven
+hundred swans, formerly one thousand five hundred, including hoppers--a
+small species of swans, who feed and range, and return home again.
+
+_Fair_, July 10, for sheep and toys.
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition of St. Peter]
+
+[Sidenote: A ruined abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Catherine's chapel, a sea mark.]
+
+[Sidenote: Wild fowl decoy, and swannery.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ 11|Abbotsham m.t.& pa|Devon |Bideford 2| Torrington 7|
+ 44|Abbotside, H.&Low pa|N.R. York |Askrigg 0| Middleham 7|
+ 34|Abbotts Isle pa|Somerset |Ilminster 4| Ilchester 11|
+ 11|Abbotts Kerswell pa|Devon |Newton Bush 2| Totness 7|
+ 18|Abbotts Langley[A] pa|Herts |St. Albans 4| Watford 4|
+ 34|Abbots Leigh pa|Somerset |Bristol 3| Bedminster 3|
+ 15|Abbotsley pa|Hunts |St. Neots 4| Huntingdon 12|
+ 42|Abbots Morton pa|Worcester |Evesham 4| Alcester 8|
+ 12|Abbots Stoke pa|Dorset |Beaminster 3| Crewkerne 10|
+ 16|Abbotston pa|Hants |Alresford 4| Basingstoke 12|
+ 33|Abdon pa|Salop |Ludlow 9| Bridgenorth 11|
+ 53|Abenbury Fecham to|Flintshire|Wrexham 4| Chester 10|
+ 52|Abenbury Vawr to|Denbigh |Wrexham 3| Llangollen 12|
+ 50|Aber[B] pa|Caernavon |Bangor 6| Aberconway 9|
+ 51|Aberaeron to|Cardigan |Aberystwith 17| Lampeter 14|
+ 51|Aberarth vil & pa|Cardigan |Lampeter 14| Aberystwith 14|
+ 56|Aber Bechan to|Montgomery|Newtown 2| Montgomery 7|
+ 52|Abercwhiler to|Denbigh |Denbigh 4| St. Asaph 3|
+ 54|Aberavon [C] bo. & pa|Glamorgan |Neath 6| Bridgend 14|
+ 48|Aberbaidon am|Brecknock |Abergavenny 5| Crickhowel 3|
+ 50|Aberconway [D] m.t.|Caernarvon|Bangor 15| Llanrwst 12|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+ 11|Abbotsham m.t.& pa|Barnstaple 10| 204| 386|
+ 44|Abbotside, H.&Low pa|Richmond 12| 208| 762|
+ 34|Abbotts Isle pa|Taunton 10| 133| 380|
+ 11|Abbotts Kerswell pa|Torquay 6| 189| 442|
+ 18|Abbotts Langley[A] pa|Hemel Hemp 6| 17| 1980|
+ 34|Abbots Leigh pa|Keynsham 9| 116| 360|
+ 15|Abbotsley pa|Potton 4| 58| 369|
+ 42|Abbots Morton pa|Pershore 6| 99| 236|
+ 12|Abbots Stoke pa| Bridport 6| 143| 587|
+ 16|Abbotston pa|Winchester 9| 57| 248|
+ 33|Abdon pa|Ch. Stretton 9| 153| 170|
+ 53|Abenbury Fecham to|Mold 7| 187| 111|
+ 52|Abenbury Vawr to|Mold 8| 187| 214|
+ 50|Aber[B] pa|Caernarvon 15| 240| 552|
+ 51|Aberaeron to|Cardigan 23| 208| ...|
+ 51|Aberarth vil & pa|Tregaron 13| 222| 976|
+ 56|Aber Bechan to|Welsh Pool 11| 178| ...|
+ 52|Abercwhiler to|Caerwys 4| 208| 487|
+ 54|Aberavon [C] bo. & pa|Swansea 11| 192| 572|
+ 48|Aberbaidon am|Brecon 14| 148| 1781|
+ 50|Aberconway [D] m.t.| Caernarvon 24| 236| 1245|
+ +--+---------------------+------------------------+------+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABBOTTS LANGLEY. Before the Conquest, and till the dissolution of
+the monasteries, this place was in the possession of the abbots of St.
+Albans. About the time of Henry I., Nicholas Breakspear, a native of
+this place, was advanced to the rank of cardinal, and at length became
+pope, by the title of Adrian IV.; being the only Englishman that ever
+attained that dignity. He died, not without suspicion of poison, in
+1158.
+
+[Sidenote: Englishman made Pope.]
+
+
+[B] ABER (which signifies the mouth of a river, port, or harbour) is
+situated on the river Gwyngregyr, which here discharges itself into the
+Irish Sea. The native Welsh princes had a palace at this place, some
+remains of which are shewn as the residence of Llewelyn ap Griffith. It
+is one of the ferries to Anglesea, and a convenient place from which to
+visit the formidable Penmaen Mawr mountain. The passage from hence
+across the Laven Sands to Beaumaris is by no means safe, as the sands
+frequently shift; but the large bell of this village is constantly rung
+in foggy weather, in the hope that its sound may serve to direct those
+whom imperious necessity obliges to cross under all disadvantages. Two
+miles from this pleasing village, following the banks of the stream,
+which flows through highly picturesque scenery, there is a most romantic
+glen, and a very fine waterfall; the upper part of this cataract is
+sometimes broken into three or four divisions, by the rugged force of
+the impending cliff, but the lower one forms a broad sheet, and descends
+about sixty feet, in a very grand style.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 3.15 A.M., departs 9.32 P.M.--_Inn_, Bull.
+
+[Sidenote: Ferry to Anglesea.]
+
+[Sidenote: Laven sands dangerous. The bell constantly tolled in foggy
+weather.]
+
+[Sidenote: Romantic glen, and waterfall.]
+
+
+[C] ABERAVON is situated at the mouth of the river Avon, on Swansea Bay,
+and has a harbour for small vessels. Although no charter exists for a
+market, one has been held here, more than a century past. There is a
+ridiculous belief, amongst the people of this place, that every
+Christmas Day, and that day alone, a large salmon presents himself in
+the river, and allows himself to be caught and handled by any one who
+chooses; but it would be considered an act of impiety to detain him.
+
+ _Fair_, April 30.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular account of a Salmon.]
+
+
+[D] ABERCONWAY is an ancient fortified town, beautifully situated upon
+the estuary of the river Conway. The town is nearly of a triangular
+shape, and is thought by some to have been the Conovium of the Romans.
+The annals of this place commence no earlier than with the history of
+its castle, which was erected in 1284, by command of Edward I., as a
+security against the insurrections of the Welsh. Soon after its
+erection, the royal founder was besieged in it, and the garrison almost
+reduced by famine to surrender, when they were extricated by the arrival
+of a fleet with provision. At the commencement of the civil wars, it
+was garrisoned on behalf of the king, by Dr. John Williams, Archbishop
+of York. In 1645 he gave the government of the castle to his nephew,
+William Hookes. Two years after, Prince Rupert superseded the Archbishop
+in the command of North Wales. He endeavoured to obtain redress from the
+king, but failed. Enraged at this injury, he joined Mytton, and assisted
+in the reduction of the place. The town was taken by storm, August 15,
+1646, but the castle did not surrender till November 10. This fortress
+remained in tranquillity till a grant was made of it, by King Charles,
+to the Earl of Conway and Kilulta; when he had scarcely obtained
+possession, before he ordered an agent to remove the timber, iron, lead,
+and other materials. It was held on lease, by Owen Holland, Esq. from
+the crown, at an annual rent of six shillings and eightpence, and a dish
+of fish to Lord Holland, as often as he passed through the town. Thus,
+unprotected, it has suffered material injuries from wind and weather,
+and is reduced to a state of rapid decay. The ruins are remarkably
+picturesque, and very extensive. The town was surrounded by high massive
+walls, twelve feet thick, strengthened at intervals by twenty-four
+circular and semi-circular towers; these, with the four principal
+gateways, remain in tolerable preservation. There are scarcely any
+remains of the Cistercian Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, in
+1185. The church contains a few modern monuments, belonging to the
+family of the Wynnes, formerly of this place. The font appears ancient;
+it is composed of black marble, curiously carved, and supported by a
+cluster of pilasters, standing upon a pedestal. In Castle Street is a
+very old house, called the college, which has a singular window,
+decorated with several coats of arms of the Stanley family. A day school
+is also kept in an ancient mansion, called Plas Mawr, situated near the
+market place, which was erected in 1585, by Robert Wynne, Esq. of
+Gwyder. The river Conway rises out of Llyn Conway, at the south
+extremity of the county, in the mountains of Penmachno. The ferry is of
+importance, as it lies upon one of the great roads from London to
+Ireland, but is justly considered a dangerous passage, and many are the
+accidents which have occurred. On Christmas Day, 1806, the boat
+conveying the Irish mail coach, was lost, and all the passengers,
+including the coachman and guard, were drowned, except two. At the
+Ferry-house a noble bay is formed where the tide enters the river. In
+this view, indeed, there are all the ingredients of a sublime and
+beautiful landscape. Few rivers, in England or Wales, in so short a
+course as twenty-nine miles, present so great a variety of beautiful
+scenery. Below Luna Hall, the falls of the Conway exhibit a noble
+cataract, about fifty feet; the stream of water, shooting directly from
+one aperture in the solid rock to a considerable distance, descends into
+a rocky basin, surrounded by hanging woods. One mile below this town, at
+Trefriw, the river becomes navigable, and contributes to the supply of
+the surrounding county. In Conway town there still exists a pearl
+fishery, and a chain suspension bridge has been recently erected in lieu
+of a dangerous ferry. The vale of Conway teems with interesting objects.
+Upon the west side is the abrupt termination of the Snowdon chain, down
+the declivities of which, through innumerable chasms, fissures, and
+channels, rush the superfluous waters of the lakes above, to mingle with
+the parent ocean. The principal employment of the poor, in this
+neighbourhood, is gathering the different species of fuci, commonly
+called sea-wreck, thrown up by the tide, or growing upon the breakers.
+This wreck they put into a kind of square fireplace, made upon the sand,
+and heat it till it becomes a liquid and forms a cake; when further
+baked or burnt it resembles cinders, and is called barilla or impure
+fossil alkali; in this state it is sold to manufacturers of soap and
+glass.
+
+ _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, March 26, April 30, June 20, August 19,
+ September 16, October 20, and November 15.--Inns, Harp, Bull's Head,
+ and White Lien.--_Mail_ arrives 2 A.M., departs 10-3/4 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: The Conovium of the Romans.]
+
+[Sidenote: Town taken by storm, in 1646.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious tenure--6s. 8d. and a dish of fish.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cistercian Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth in 1185.]
+
+[Sidenote: The ferry considered dangerous; loss of the Irish mail and 14
+passengers, in 1806.]
+
+[Sidenote: Falls of the Conway present a noble cataract, shooting from a
+solid rock.]
+
+[Sidenote: Pearl fishery and suspension bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Manufactory of barilla.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 54|Aberdare[A] pa|Glamorg |Mer. Tydvil 6|Bridgend 18|
+ 50|Aberdaron pa|Caernarvon|Pwllheli 16|Nevin 16|
+ 54|Aberddaw, East ham|Glamorg |Cowbridge 5|Bridgend 10|
+ 55|Aberdyfi to|Merion |Aberystwith 9|Towyn 5|
+ 58|Aberedwy[B] pa|Radnor |Builth 4|Hay 12|
+ 56|Abererch pa|Caernarvon|Pwllheli 3|Crickieth 8|
+ 45|Aberford[C] m.t. & pa|W.R. York |Tadcaster 6|Leeds 8|
+ 47|Aberffraw pa|Anglesea |Bangor 17|Newborough 6|
+ 26|Abergavenny[D] m.t. & pa|Monmouth |Monmouth 17|Crickhowell 7|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|population.
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 54|Aberdare[A] pa|Brecon 20| 182| 3961|
+ 50|Aberdaron pa|Bardsey Isle 5| 258| 1389|
+ 54|Aberddaw, East ham|Llandaff 12| 179| ...|
+ 55|Aberdyfi to|Machynlleth 9| 217| ...|
+ 58|Aberedwy[B] pa|Radnor 13| 169| 344|
+ 56|Abererch pa|Nevin 8| 234| 1365|
+ 45|Aberford[C] m.t. & pa|Ferry Bridge 9| 186| 925|
+ 47|Aberffraw pa|Holyhead 12| 258| 1367|
+ 26|Abergavenny[D] m.t. & pa|Usk 9| 145| 4230|
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABERDARE. _Fairs_, for cattle, April 19, Whit-Monday, November 14.
+
+
+[B] ABEREDWY. This delightful village derived its name from its
+situation, near the junction of the River Wye and Edwy. Nothing in
+nature can exceed the beauty of the neighbouring scenery. The Edwy
+descends through lofty walls of rock; in some places, broken into crags,
+which frightfully overhang the abyss. Near the place are the ruins of a
+castle, the retreat of the last native Welsh Prince, Llewelyn ap
+Gruffydd. The object of Llewelyn's journey to Aberedwy was to consult
+the chief persons of the district, upon the best means of successfully
+opposing the King of England, then invading Wales. On his arrival he
+found himself disappointed. Instead of meeting with friends, he was
+surrounded by the enemy. Edmund Mortimer and John Gyfford, acquainted
+with his route, marched from Herefordshire, with their troops to meet
+him. The enemy were numerous--resistance was in vain--Llewelyn withdrew
+to Builth. The mountains being covered with snow, he caused the shoes of
+his horse to be reversed, in order to baffle pursuit, but the
+treacherous _smith_ betrayed him. Llewelyn broke down the bridge of
+Builth, but was closely followed by the English forces, who fruitlessly
+attempted to gain it. Sir Elias Walwyn crossed the river, with a
+detachment, about eight miles below, at a place called Little Tom's
+Ferry Boat, and coming unexpectedly on the Welsh army, routed them.
+Llewelyn himself was attacked and slain, unarmed, in a narrow valley,
+not two hundred yards from the scene of action. Adam Francton, the
+murderer of Llewelyn, took no notice of his victim, but joined in the
+pursuit of the Welsh. Returning with the view of plundering the slain,
+he discovered the wounded person was no other than the Prince of Wales;
+for on stripping him, he found a letter in cipher and his privy seal.
+The brutal Francton, overjoyed that the Welsh prince had fallen into his
+hands, cut off his head, and sent it to the King of England, and thus
+perished the last native Prince of Wales.
+
+[Sidenote: Ruined castle--the retreat of Llewelyn, the last native
+Prince of Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: His horses shoes reversed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Betrayed by his smith.]
+
+[Sidenote: His army routed, and himself slain.]
+
+[Sidenote: His head sent to the King of England.]
+
+
+[C] ABERFORD is situated upon the River Cock, on the great northern
+road, on the banks of which river was fought the famous battle of
+Towton, in 1461, so called from a village in the vicinity. The town
+consists of a long straggling street, in the north of which are the
+remains of a Norman fortification, called Castle Carey; and the whole is
+in the line of the ancient Roman road. This town is curiously situated,
+as respects township: the west side is in Aberford-cum-Parlington; the
+east of the same end is Lotherton-cum-Aberford, and the north of the
+river is Aberford alone.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 4.11 P.M., departs 8.46 A.M.--_Inn_,
+ Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Here the famous battle of Towton was fought.]
+
+
+[D] ABERGAVENNY, (the ancient Gobanium of the Romans,) and its environs,
+have strong claims to the traveller's attention. Its castle and
+delightful terrace overlook the rich vale of Usk; its church, abounding
+in costly sculptured tombs, its beautifully variegated mountains, all
+conspire to render this place particularly attractive. This town was
+once fortified, and many portions of the work remain, particularly
+Tudor's Gate. The western entrance is furnished with two portcullises,
+and remarkable for the beautifully composed landscape seen through it.
+The style of building which forms the remains of this fortress marks its
+origin to have been subsequent to the Norman epoch. Excursions are
+frequently made to Blaenavon Iron Works, about six miles distant, which
+employ upwards of four thousand men. The mountainous territory
+containing these mineral treasures of iron, was demised by the crown to
+the Earl of Abergavenny, and is held under a lease by Hill and Co. A
+principal excursion from Abergavenny is that which leads northwards to
+Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin, seated in a deep recess of the black
+mountains, at the very extremity of Monmouthshire. Abergavenny is a
+place of much resort, being the thoroughfare from the west of Wales to
+Bath, Bristol, and Gloucestershire. Its principal manufacture is
+flannel, and its annual fairs for cattle are well attended.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 2 P.M., departs 11 A.M.--INNS, Angel, and
+ Greyhound.--_Bankers_, Hill and Co., draw upon Esdaile and
+ Co.,--Jones and Co., draw upon Williams and Co.--_Fairs_, May 14,
+ lean cattle and sheep; 1st Monday after Trinity, linen and woollen
+ cloths; September 25, horses, hogs, and flannel.--_Market_ Tuesday.
+
+[Sidenote: Gobanium of the Romans.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tudor's Gate.]
+
+[Sidenote: Blaenavon Iron Works. 4000 men employed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin in the black mountains.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County | Number of Miles From
+ +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ 26|Abergavenny hun|Monmouth | ... | ... |
+ 52|Abergele m.t. & pa|Denbigh |St. Asaph 7|Holywell 17|
+ 49|Abergorlech chap|Caermar |Llandilo Var 7|Lampeter 9|
+ 49|Abergwilley to & pa|Caermar |Caermar 2|Llandilo Var 15|
+ 56|Aberhafesp pa|Montgomery|Newton, 3|Llanydloes 11|
+ 56|Aberhaly to|Montgomery|Llanfair 6|Newton 5|
+ 49|Abermarles to|Caermar |Llandovery 7|Llangadock 3|
+ 48|Aberlyfni ham|Brecknock |Hay 4|Brecon 11|
+ 49|Abernant pa|Caermar |Caermar 4|Llaugharne 10|
+ 54|Aberpergwm chap|Glamorg |Neath 10|Brecon 20|
+ 56|Aber-Rhiw pa|Montgomery|Welsh Pool 5|Montgomery 4|
+ 51|Aber-Porth pa|Cardigan |Cardigan 7|Newcastle 9|
+ 48|Aberyskir pa|Brecknock |Brecon 4|Llandovery 16|
+ 51|Aberystwith[A] m.t. & pa|Cardigan |Tregaron 15|Machynlleth 18|
+ 26|Aberystwith pa & chap|Monmouth |Abergaven 7|Crickhowell 7|
+ 4|Abingdon[B] m.t.|Berks |Oxford 6|Wallingford 11|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+-------------------------+---------------+
+ 26|Abergavenny hun|Monmouth | ... | ... | 30818|
+ 52|Abergele m.t. & pa|Denbigh |Aberconway 12| 224| 2506|
+ 49|Abergorlech chap|Caermar |Caermar 14| 209| ...|
+ 49|Abergwilley to & pa|Caermar |Newcastle 16| 214| 2675|
+ 56|Aberhafesp pa|Montgomery|Llanfair 10| 180| 535|
+ 56|Aberhaly to|Montgomery|Montgomery 10| 180| ...|
+ 49|Abermarles to|Caermar |Lampeter 14| 198| ...|
+ 48|Aberlyfni ham|Brecknock |Builth 12| 160| 100|
+ 49|Abernant pa|Caermar |Newcastle 11| 222| 654|
+ 54|Aberpergwm chap|Glamorg |Merthyr Tyd 13| 188| ...|
+ 56|Aber-Rhiw pa|Montgomery|Newtown 9| 172| 2429|
+ 51|Aber-Porth pa|Cardigan |Lampeter 24| 235| 485|
+ 48|Aberyskir pa|Brecknock |Builth 14| 173| 110|
+ 51|Aberystwith[A] m.t. & pa|Cardigan |Aberllelwyn 5| 208| 4128|
+ 26|Aberystwith pa & chap|Monmouth |Pontypool 8| 153| 5992|
+ 4|Abingdon[B] m.t.|Berks |Wantage 10| 56| 5259|
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------+--------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABERYSTWITH, a market town and seaport in the hundred of Glenaur
+Glynn, and also a township in the parish of Llanbadarn Vawr. It is
+situated at the confluence of the rivers Ystwith and Rhyddol, at which
+the former falls into the sea in the bay of Cardigan. The building of a
+castle, of which some vestiges remain, is attributed to Edward I. It
+stands on a craggy eminence projecting into the sea at the west of the
+town, and affords a magnificent view of the whole line of Welsh coast
+within the bay of Cardigan. The streets are steep and uneven.--The
+houses, which are principally formed of dark slate, present a very
+singular appearance. For some years past its celebrity, as a summer
+retreat and bathing-place, has been annually increasing, which is
+greatly contributed to by the beauty of the neighbourhood, and the
+commanding prospects around. The roads to it have been made excellent,
+and the customary amusements of plays and assemblies during the season
+add to the attractions for summer visitants. There was formerly a
+herring fishery, and the practice of fishing is still carried on with
+considerable advantage by the natives. About seven miles north of
+Aberystwith, on the sea coast, a considerable extent of land, has, by
+drainage, been recovered; twelve miles of embankment have been formed;
+and two navigable cuts, with a road of three miles and a stone bridge
+completed.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 7 A.M. departs 5 P.M.--_Fairs_, 1st Monday in May and
+ November, chiefly for hiring servants.--_Bankers_, W. Davis and Co.,
+ draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Gogerddon Arms, Old Lion, and
+ Talbot.--_Markets_, Monday and Saturday.
+
+[Sidenote: Fine bathing place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Twelve miles of embankment.]
+
+
+[B] ABINGDON, at the very edge of the county of Berkshire, was called
+Shovesham, by the Anglo-Saxons, until the foundation of the abbey, from
+which period it began to assume the name of Abbandeen, or the Town of
+the Abbey. This monastery, the monks of which were Benedictines, was
+founded by Cissa, an Anglo-Saxon monarch, in 675. During the reign of
+Alfred it was demolished by the Danes, and remained in ruins till King
+Edgar partly restored it, in 954. Ethelwold, the abbot at that time,
+erected and embellished the church, and his successors contributed to
+its increase. After the Conquest, the wealth and grandeur of the abbey
+were equal to any similar foundation in England. William the Conqueror
+kept Easter in the abbey, A.D. 1084; and here was educated his youngest
+son, Henry, surnamed Beauclerc, afterwards King Henry I., in whose
+reign, one of the most eminent characters who received sepulture within
+the abbey, was the celebrated Jeffery of Monmouth, author of the British
+History,--a work, from which some of our best poets have derived
+materials for their sublime compositions. Shakspeare's Lear, and
+Milton's Comus, were both supplied from Jeffery's history. He flourished
+in the reign of Henry I. Among the natives of Abingdon, whose talents
+have rendered their possessors eminent, was Sir John Mason, a statesman
+of the sixteenth century. His memory is the more worthy to be revered,
+because, from a very obscure origin, his genius and perseverance
+advanced him to the rank of privy-counsellor, ambassador to France, and
+chancellor of the University of Oxford. His father was a cow-herd and
+his mother, sister to one of the abbey monks, who attended to his early
+tuition, and sent him to Oxford, where he became a fellow of All Souls'
+college. While in this situation, the liveliness of his temper
+occasioned him to be chosen to compliment Henry VIII. on his visit to
+the University, in the year 1523, which being executed in a most
+graceful manner, engaged the favour of the monarch, who promoted him to
+the honourable offices above-mentioned. He died in 1566, and was buried
+in St. Paul's cathedral.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 2.49 A.M., departs 12.10 A.M.--_Fairs_, 1st Monday in
+ Lent, May 6, June 20, August 6, September 19, cattle; Monday before
+ Old Michaelmas, statute, and December 11, horses and
+ cattle.--_Bankers_, Knapp and Co., draw on Williams and Co.--_Inns_,
+ Crown and Thistle, and Queen's Arms.--_Markets_, Monday and Friday.
+
+[Sidenote: Monastery of Benedictine monks.]
+
+[Sidenote: William the Conqueror kept Easter, and his son was educated
+here. Jeffery of Monmouth buried in the abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir J. Mason, born here--his father a cow-herd.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
+ 37|Abinger pa|Surrey |Dorking 4|Guildford 10|
+ 15|Abinghall pa|Gloucester|Newnham 6|Mitchel Dean 1|
+ 28|Abington pa|Northam |Northam 2|Wellingboro 9|
+ 6|Abington, Gt.& Lit. pa|Cambridge |Linton 3|Cambridge 9|
+ 6|Abington in the Clay pa|Cambridge |Royston 5|Potton 7|
+ 23|Ab Kettleby pa|Leicester |Melton Mow 3|Leicester 16|
+ 15|Ablington ti|Gloucester|Fairford 5|Cirencester 7|
+ 10|Abney ham|Derby |Tideswell 5|Sheffield 14|
+ 49|Above Sawdde ham|Caermar |Llangadock 1|Llandovery 7|
+ 22|Above Town div|Lancashire|Garstang 11|Burton 11|
+ 22|Abram to|Lancashire|Wigan 4|Bolton 9|
+ 15|Abson with Wick chap|Gloucester|Bristol 8|Sodbury 5|
+ 21|Abthorp chap|Northam |Towcester 3|Brackley 9|
+ 54|Aburthin pa|Glamorg |Llantrissant 8|Bridgend 7|
+ 24|Aby pa|Lincoln |Alford 2|Louth 9|
+ 46|Acaster Malbis pa|W.R. York |York 4|Selby 8|
+ 46|Acaster Selby to|W.R. York | ... 5| ... 7|
+ 22|Accrington, New to|Lancaster |Blackburn 4|Haslingden 5|
+ 22|Accrington, Old chap|Lancaster | ... 6| ... 4|
+ 30|Achurch pa|Northam |Thrapston 4|Oundle 4|
+ 43|Acklam pa|N.R. York |New Malton 6|Gt. Driffield 15|
+ 44|Acklam chap|N.R. York |Yarm 5|Stockton 3|
+ 28|Acklington to|Northum |Alnwick 8|Morpeth 13|
+ 45|Ackton to|W.R. York |Pontefract 3|Wakefield 5|
+ 45|Ackworth[A] pa|W.R. York | ... 3| ... 7|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----------+
+ 37|Abinger pa|Ockley 5| 2| 767|
+ 15|Abinghall pa|Monmouth 12| 118| 235|
+ 28|Abington pa|Moulton 3| 67| 155|
+ 6|Abington, Gt. & Lit. pa|Newmarket 12| 50| 594|
+ 6|Abington in the Clay pa|Cambridge 15| 42| 259|
+ 23|Ab Kettleby pa|Loughboro 13| 108| 331|
+ 15|Ablington ti|Northleach 7| 85| 103|
+ 10|Abney ham|Chapel-Frith 8| 164| 112|
+ 49|Above Sawdde ham|Llandilo Var 8| 195| 803|
+ 22|Above Town div|KirkbyLons 15| 240| 591|
+ 22|Abram to|Chorley 11| 197| 511|
+ 15|Abson with Wick chap|Marshfield 4| 107| 824|
+ 21|Abthorp chap|Banbury 15| 63| 477|
+ 54|Aburthin pa|Cowbridge 1| 173| ...|
+ 24|Aby pa|Horncastle 12| 142| 204|
+ 46|Acaster Malbis pa|Tadcaster 8| 190| 707|
+ 46|Acaster Selby to| ... 8| 190| 201|
+ 22|Accrington, New to|Burnley 8| 208| 4960|
+ 22|Accrington, Old chap| ... 6| 208| 1323|
+ 30|Achurch pa|Kettering 12| 73| 239|
+ 43|Acklam pa|York 14| 210| 827|
+ 44|Acklam chap|Guisboro 9| 244| 371|
+ 28|Acklington to|Rothbury 13| 300| 285|
+ 45|Ackton to|Leeds 9| 174| 51|
+ 45|Ackworth[A] pa| ... 11| 174| 1660|
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----------+
+
+
+[A] ACKWORTH is a parish and township, in the upper division of Osgold
+Cross Wapentake, nominally divided into higher and lower Ackworth. It is
+celebrated for its Quakers' School, which was purchased in 1777, with
+eighty-five acres of land, from the trustees of the Foundling Hospital,
+and rendered a seminary for the children of the more humble class of
+Friends. The number of pupils, is one hundred and eighty boys, and one
+hundred and twenty girls.
+
+[Sidenote: Quakers' school.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County | Number of Miles From
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+ 27|Acle[A] m. t. & pa|Norfolk |Norwich 11|Yarmouth 9|
+ 45|Acomb pa|W.R. York |York 2|Wetherby 10|
+ 29|Acomb East to|Northumb |Corbridge 15|Aldston Moor 9|
+ 29|Acomb West to|Northumb | ... 5| 18|
+ 17|Aconbury[B] chap|Hereford |Hereford 4|Ross 9|
+ 21|Acrise pa|Kent |Folkstone 4|Dover 8|
+ 7 |Acton to & pa|Chester |Nantwich 2|Tarporley 9|
+ 7 |Acton to|Chester |Northwich 4|Frodsham 7|
+ 52|Acton to|Denbigh |Wrexham 1|Holt 5|
+ 25|Acton pa|Middlesex |Harrow 8|Brentford 3|
+ 29|Acton to|Northumb |Alnwick 8|Rothbury 8|
+ 36|Acton pa|Suffolk |Lavenham 3|Sudbury 3|
+ 42|Acton Beauchamp pa|Worcester |Bromyard 4|Worcester 11|
+ 33|Acton Burnell[C] to & pa|Salop |Wenlock 7|Shrewsbury 7|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond. |Population
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+------+
+ 27|Acle[A] m. t. & pa|Loddon 8| 121| 820|
+ 45|Acomb pa|New Malton 20| 201| 882|
+ 29|Acomb East to|Hexham 11| 275| 36|
+ 29|Acomb West to| ... 3| 275| 523|
+ 17|Aconbury[B] chap|Ledbury 14| 130| 163|
+ 21|Acrise pa|Canterbury 11| 67| 194|
+ 7 |Acton to & pa|Middlewich 11| 166| 3928|
+ 7 |Acton to|Chester 15| 177| 309|
+ 52|Acton to| ... 9| 190| 215|
+ 25|Acton pa|Uxbridge 10| 5| 2453|
+ 29|Acton to|Morpeth 10| 300| 91|
+ 36|Acton pa|Bildeston 8| 57| 565|
+ 42|Acton Beauchamp pa|Ledbury 10| 122| 239|
+ 33|ACTON Burnell[C] to & pa|Ch. Stretton 7| 155| 381|
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ACLE. _Market_, Thursday.--_Fair_, Wednesday before Michaelmas day.
+
+
+[B] ACONBURY. At this place a nunnery of the order of St. Augustine was
+founded by Margery, wife of Walter de Lacey, in the reign of King John.
+The Cliffords were large benefactors to this house, which, at the
+dissolution, possessed _L75. 7s. 6d._ per annum. There are some remains
+yet standing, occupied as a farm house. On the summit of Aconbury Hill,
+a bold and extensive eminence, well wooded, and commanding a charming
+view over the adjacent county, are traces of a large encampment.
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery.]
+
+
+[C] ACTON BURNELL is celebrated for the remains of an ancient castle,
+founded by Robert Burnell, bishop of Bath and Wells, a man of eminent
+abilities, first treasurer, and afterwards chancellor of England, who
+was much employed by King Edward I. in Welsh affairs. He died at
+Berwick, in 1292, and was buried in the cathedral at Wells. The castle
+is a quadrangular building, with a square tower at each corner. The hall
+in which King Edward I. held his parliament, in 1283, was 183 feet long,
+by 41 broad, but the gable ends only remain. The Statutum de
+Mercatoribus enacted here, is from that circumstance better known as the
+Statute of Acton Burnell. The successor of the bishop, at the castle,
+was Sir Edward Burnell, son of Philip Burnell and Maud, daughter of
+Richard Arundel. He served in many actions in Scotland, under Edward I.,
+and always appeared in great splendour, attended by a chariot decked
+with banners of his arms. He was summoned to parliament from the fifth
+to the eighth year of Edward the second's reign, and died in 1315. In
+1346, the castle came into the possession of Nicholas Lord Burnell, who
+died in 1382, and is buried in the church under an altar tomb, inlaid
+with his effigy in brass. In the reign of Henry VI. the Lovell family
+were in possession of this estate, which was forfeited by Lord Lovell,
+in consequence of his adherence to King Richard III. Henry VII. being
+seated on the throne, granted Acton Burnell, together with other estates
+in this county, to Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford; after whose death it
+reverted to the crown, and Henry VIII. granted it to Thomas Howard, Earl
+of Surrey, distinguished for his valour at the battle of Flodden. Sir
+Humphrey Lee, of Langley, in this parish, was created a baronet, May 3,
+1620. Acton Burnell Park is now the residence of Sir Edward Joseph
+Smythe, Bart. whose family have been seated here from the time of
+Charles II., when Sir Edward Smythe, of Esh, in Durham, created a
+baronet, Feb. 23, 1660, married the daughter and heiress of Sir Richard
+Lee, Bart. of Langley. The mansion, on a verdant lawn, bordered by a
+shrubbery, presents a handsome elevation of fine white stone, having a
+noble Ionic portico, under which is the carriage entrance. Behind the
+house is the deer park, on a finely wooded eminence, affording one of
+the most beautiful prospects in the county. The chapelry of Ruckley and
+Langley is in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward I. held his parliament here in 1283.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Burnell's effigy in brass on the altar tomb.]
+
+[Sidenote: The seat of Sir E.J. Smythe.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ 7|Acton Grange to|Chester |Warrington 4|Northwich 10|
+ 15|Acton Iron pa|Gloucester|Chip. Sodbu 2|Thornbury 7|
+ 33|Acton Pigott chap|Salop |Much Wenlo 6|Shrewsbury 8|
+ 33|Acton Reynold to|Salop |Shrewsbury 8|Wem 6|
+ 33|Acton Round chap|Salop |Wenlock 3|Bridgenorth 6|
+ 33|Acton Scott pa|Salop |Ch. Stretton 4|Bish. Castle 10|
+ 35|Acton Trussell to & pa|Stafford |Penkridge 3|Stafford 4|
+ 15|Acton Turville chap|Gloucester|Tetbury 11|Chippenham 12|
+ 35|Adbaston pa|Stafford |Eccleshall 14|Newport 5|
+ 31|Adderbury East to & pa|Oxford |Banbury 3|Deddington 3|
+ 33|Adderley pa|Salop |Drayton 4|Whitchurch 8|
+ 29|Adderston to|Northumb |Beiford 3|Alnwick 12|
+ 17|Adforton to|Hereford |Ludlow 8|Presteign 8|
+ 9|Addingham pa|Cumberland|Kirk Oswald 2|Penrith 8|
+ 45|Addingham pa|W.R. York |Skipton 5|Ottley 8|
+ 37|Addington[A] pa|Surrey |Croydon 4|Westerham 10|
+ 5|Addington pa|Bucks |Winslow 2|Buckingham 5|
+ 21|Addington pa|Kent |Maidstone 7|Rochester 8|
+ 28|Addington, Gt to & pa|Northamp |Thrapston 4|Kettering 7|
+ 28|Addington, Lit to & pa|Northamp | ... 5| ... 8|
+ 21|Addisham pa|Kent |Wingham 3|Canterbury 6|
+ 45|Addle[B] to & pa|W.R. York |Leeds 5|Ottley 6|
+ 46|Addle-cum-Eccup to|W.R. York | 5| ... 6|
+ 45|Addlingfleet[C] pa|W.R. York |Snaith 11|Burton 2|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+ 7|Acton Grange to|Runcorn 5| 183| 148|
+ 15|Acton Iron pa|Bristol 9| 112| 1372|
+ 33|Acton Pigott chap|Ch. Stretton 9| 154| ... |
+ 33|Acton Reynold to|Drayton 12| 152| 173|
+ 33|Acton Round chap|Ludlow 17| 145| 203|
+ 33|Acton Scott pa|Ludlow 10| 155| 204|
+ 35|Acton Trussell to & pa|Lichfield 15| 131| 551|
+ 31|Acton Turville chap|Sodbury 5| 102| 236|
+ 35|Adbaston pa|Hodnet 7| 152| 601|
+ 31|Adderbury East to & pa|Aynhoe 4| 70| 2471|
+ 33|Adderley pa|Wem 12| 157| 468|
+ 29|Adderston to|Wooler 10| 319| 322|
+ 17|Adforton to|Knighton 8| 150| 218|
+ 9|Addingham pa|Aldstn Moor 12| 291| 719|
+ 45|Addingham pa|Keighley 5| 213| 2251|
+ 37|Addington[A] pa|Bromley 5| 12| 463|
+ 5|Addington pa|Bicester 11| 50| 74|
+ 21|Addington pa|Wrotham 3| 27| 206|
+ 28|Addington, Gt to & pa|Higam Ferrers 5| 70| 282|
+ 28|Addington, Lit to & pa| ... 5| 70| 264|
+ 21|Addisham pa|Sandwich 6| 62| 390|
+ 45|Addle[B] to & pa|Bradford 8| 205| 1063|
+ 46|Addle-cum-Eccup to| ... 8| 291| 703|
+ 45|Addlingfleet[C] pa||Howden 6| 170| 478|
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ADDINGTON is on the borders of Kent. Addington Place, a seat erected
+by Alderman Trecothick, in 1772, was purchased in 1807, for the
+residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The manor of Addington is
+held by the feudal service of finding a man to make a mess, called
+Gerout, in the king's kitchen, at the coronation, and serving it up in
+his own person at Westminster Hall. In the reign of William the
+Conqueror, Addington appears to have been held by Tezelin, cook to the
+king, which accounts for the origin of the required culinary service.
+The Archbishop of Canterbury is now the claimant of the service alluded
+to. Near the village is a curious cluster of tumuli, or mounds of earth
+raised over the bodies of the slain, about twenty-five in number, of
+inconsiderable height. One of them is nearly forty feet in diameter, two
+are about half that size, and the rest very small.
+
+[Sidenote: Coronation custom.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cluster of tumuli.]
+
+
+[B] ADDLE. The church in this town is considered to be one of the most
+perfect specimens of Roman architecture remaining in England. In 1702,
+the traces of an ancient Roman town, with fragments of urns, and of an
+aqueduct of stone were found in the adjacent moor.
+
+[Sidenote: Roman architecture.]
+
+
+[C] ADDLINGFLEET. A parish and township in the lower division of Osgold
+Cross, including the townships of Fockerby, Haldenby, and Eastoft. The
+village is situated very near the junction of the Trent with the Humber,
+the latter river being one of the largest in the kingdom, formed by the
+united waters of the Trent, Ouse, Derwent, Aire, and other minor
+streams. At this part it is about a mile broad, it is the Abus of
+Ptolemy. It runs towards the east, washing the port of Hull, where it
+receives the river called by the same name; from thence, taking a
+south-easterly direction, it expands itself into an estuary nearly seven
+miles across, and mingles with the German ocean. This river, which, with
+very few exceptions, receives all the waters of Yorkshire from the Ouse,
+and the greater part of those from the midland counties from the Trent,
+commands the inland navigation of very extensive and commercial parts of
+England; namely, those of the Mersey, Dee, Ribble, Severn, Thames, and
+Avon; it also forms the boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
+
+[Sidenote: Boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ 7|Adlington to|Cheshire |Macclesfield 6|Stockport 6|
+ 22|Adlington[A] to|Lancaster |Wigan 4|Chorley 4|
+ 24|Addlethorpe to & pa|Lincoln |Alford 7|Spilsby 11|
+ 15|Adlestrop pa|Gloucester|Stow 4|Burford 11|
+ 22|Admarsh chap|Lancaster |Burton 11|Kirkby Lon 15|
+ 5|Adstock pa|Bucks |Winslow 3|Buckingham 4|
+ 28|Adstone ham|Northamp |Towcester 7|Daventry 8|
+ 8|Advent chap|Cornwall |Camelford 2|Bodmin 10|
+ 45|Adwalton[B] ham|W.R. York |Bradford 4|Leeds 7|
+ 31|Adwell pa|Oxford |Tetsworth 2|Thame 5|
+ 45|Adwick-on-Dearne ch|W.R. York |Rotherham 6|Barnsley 8|
+ 45|Adwick pa & to|W.R. York |Doncaster 4|Thorne 10|
+ 12|Aff-Piddle pa|Dorset |Dorchester 9|Bere Regis 4|
+ 7|Agden to|Chester |Malpas 3|Whitchurch 3|
+ 7|Agden to|Chester |Knutsford 6|Warrington 10|
+ 43|Agelthorpe to|N.R. York |Middleham 3|Bedale 6|
+ 8|Agnes, St[C] cha|Cornwall |Truro 9|Redruth 7|
+ +--+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond. |Population
+ +--+-------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+ 7|Adlington to|Altringham 10| 2| 1066|
+ 22|Adlington[A] to|Bolton 9| 264| 1082|
+ 24|Addlethorpe to & pa|Wainfleet 9| 134| 176|
+ 15|Adlestrop pa|Moreton 6| 86| 196|
+ 22|Admarsh chap|Garstang 12| 240| ... |
+ 5|Adstock pa|Bicester 11| 52| 445|
+ 28|Adstone ham|Brackley 10| 67| 166|
+ 8|Advent chap|Launceston 15| 230| 246|
+ 45|Adwalton[B] ham|Huddersfield 8| 192| ... |
+ 31|Adwell pa|Watlington 4| 41| 48|
+ 45|Adwick-on-Dearne ch|Doncaster 7| 167| 145|
+ 45|Adwick pa & to|Pontefract 9| 166| 918|
+ 12|Aff-Piddle pa|Blandford 12| 111| 442|
+ 7|Agden to|Nantwich 11| 177| 104|
+ 7|Agden to|Altringham 1| 179| 99|
+ 43|Agelthorpe to|Masham 4| 226| 188|
+ 8|Agnes, St[C] cha|Falmouth 14| 256| 6642|
+ +--+-------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ADLINGTON. Through this township runs the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
+It contains several coal mines. Adlington Hall, the seat of Sir Robert
+Clayton, Bart., was rebuilt about 1780; it stands in a low situation, on
+the borders of an extensive park, and contains some very good pictures,
+amongst which is a head of Charles I., taken after death. Ellerbeck Hall
+is the seat of John Hodson, Esq. In this neighbourhood is Park Hall, the
+seat of R.P. German, Esq. The inhabitants of Adlington are chiefly
+employed in the cotton manufactories of the vicinity.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Sir. Robert Clayton, Bart.]
+
+
+[B] ADWALTON formerly possessed a market which is now disused. On
+Adwalton Moor, a battle was fought, in 1642, between the Earl of
+Newcastle, commanding for the king, and the parliamentary general, Lord
+Fairfax, in which the latter was defeated.
+
+ _Fairs_, February 6, March 9, Easter Thursday, Thursday fortnight
+ after Easter, Whit-Thursday; and every second Thursday thence to
+ Michaelmas, for lean cattle; November 5, and December 23.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle fought here in 1642.]
+
+
+[C] St. AGNES is situated on the Bristol Channel. The town and parish,
+including a considerable mining district, is thickly strewed with the
+cottages of the miners. It is more frequently called Lighthouse Island,
+from a very high and strong light-house erected here, to warn the
+mariner from the rocks, which are more numerous about this than any
+other of the Scilly Islands. This building is upwards of sixty feet
+high, and stands on the most elevated ground. The light is produced by
+twenty-one parabolic reflectors of copper, plated with silver, and
+having each an argand lamp in its focus. The reflectors are disposed of
+in three clusters, of seven in each cluster, and the frame in which they
+are fixed stands perpendicularly to the horizon, on a shaft united to a
+machine below, which makes the whole revolve every two minutes. By this
+motion the light progressively sweeps the whole horizon; and by its
+gradual intermission and increase, it is readily distinguished from any
+other. Its brilliancy is also extraordinary; and by these combined
+efforts its benefits are greatly increased, as the seaman is at once
+rendered completely sensible of his situation. This light was designed
+by the ingenious Mr. Adam Walker, (lecturer on natural and experimental
+philosophy,) under whose inspection it was constructed. The light-house
+itself is of stone, and was erected, as appears from an inscription over
+the door, by Captain Hugh Till, and Captain Simon Bayley, in the year
+1680. The charges attending the light are defrayed by the Trinity House.
+At St. Agnes is a pilchard fishery. St. Agnes' Beacon, six hundred and
+sixty-four feet above the level of the sea, is formed out of an ancient
+cairn, or tumulus of stones; near which, a summer-house has been built,
+from whence is a fine view of St. Ives, and an extensive sea prospect.
+Near the same spot is St. Agnes' Well, of which many miraculous stories
+are in circulation, from its presumed holy and sanative properties.
+
+This place gave birth to John Opie, whose persevering genius advanced
+him to the highest rank in his profession. He was born at Harmony Cot,
+in May 1761. The opening years of his existence indicated that he must
+plod through life in the dull occupation of a carpenter, as successor to
+his father and grandfather. He distinguished himself at a very early
+period, for originality and strength of mind, and at twelve years of age
+commenced an evening school in St. Agnes, teaching arithmetic and
+writing, and reckoning amongst his scholars some who had nearly doubled
+his years. His first humble attempts at portrait painting were with a
+smutty stick, against the white-washed wall of his paternal cottage,
+where he exhibited, in _dark colours_, very striking likenesses of the
+whole family. His next step was to draw with ochre on cartridge paper.
+He was apprenticed to his father, but from some unascertainable cause
+was turned over to a sawyer; and it was literally in the bottom of a
+saw-pit that Dr. Walcot, better known by the appellation of Peter
+Pindar, (who had previously seen and admired some of Opie's rude
+drawings,) first beheld this untutored child of genius, under whose
+patronage he was protected, and his fame promoted. After visiting
+Exeter, (where he was persuaded to change his surname, which originally
+was Hoppy, to that of Opie,) finding his success was commensurate with
+his abilities, it was soon determined they should be brought to act in a
+wider sphere; and, in 1780, the Doctor and his pupil repaired to London,
+where not agreeing as to the mode of living together, they separated,
+and although their attachment had been cemented by long-continued
+kindness, subsequently to this period, yet they were never after
+cordially united. The opinion Opie entertained of the services which he
+had received from the Doctor, may be gathered from the following curious
+_note of hand_, which was said to be in the possession of the latter: "I
+promise to paint, for Dr. Walcot, any picture or pictures, he may
+demand, as long as I live; otherwise, I desire the world will consider
+me as a ... ungrateful son of a ..., John Opie." It is not certain that
+he ever deviated from this voluntary obligation, but it is matter of
+pleasant remark, that he always made his friend pay eighteen-pence for
+the canvass! Opie was as fortunate in London as he had been at Exeter.
+To Pindar, however, he was indebted for his introduction to public
+notice. Through him his pictures were shown to Mrs. Boscawen, by whom
+Opie was introduced to the late Mrs. Delaney, who procured for him the
+notice of King George III. An opportunity was contrived for the royal
+family to see his picture of the _The Old Beggar Man_; soon after which,
+Opie was honoured with a command to repair to Buckingham House. The
+artist's account of this interview was given in the following
+characteristical manner to Walcot, who has often been heard to relate it
+with great humour. "There was Mr. West," said Opie, "in the room, and
+another gentleman. First, her majesty came in; and I made a sad mistake
+in respect to her, till I saw her face, and discovered by her features
+that she was the queen. In a few minutes his majesty came hopping in. I
+suppose," said Opie, "because he did not wish to frighten me. He looked
+at the pictures and liked them; but he whispered to Mr. West--'tell the
+young man I can only pay a gentleman's price for them.'" The picture
+which his majesty bought was that of _A Man Struck by Lightning_. The
+price given was L10, with which Opie returned to the Doctor full of
+spirits. His friend, when he heard the story, said, "Why, John, thou
+hast only got L8. for thy picture." "Indeed, but I have though," cried
+Opie, "for I have got the L10. safe in my pocket." On this he showed him
+the money. "Aye," rejoined the Doctor, "but dost thou know his majesty
+has got the frame for nothing, and that is worth L2." "D--- it, so he
+has," cried Opie--"I'll go back and knock at the door, and ask for the
+frame; D--- it, I will." He was actually about to put his resolve into
+execution, till dissuaded by the Doctor. Popularity naturally followed
+this notice of royalty. The ladies, however, soon deserted him, as his
+likenesses were not flattering; for where Nature had been niggardly,
+Opie refused to be liberal. He afterwards became better acquainted with
+the art of pleasing them; a change which has been attributed to Mrs.
+Opie, who used to stand over him, and endeavour to make him sensible of
+the graces of the female form. It was in the year 1786, that Mr. Opie
+became known as an exhibitor at Somerset House; soon after which he
+aspired to academical honours, and ultimately attained the rank of Royal
+Academician, and afterwards succeeded Fuseli, in the professorship of
+painting. He was twice married, but at what period his first hymeneal
+union occurred we are not informed--it was inauspicious. His second
+marriage, which took place on May 8, 1798, was more fortunate; and in
+the society of the late Mrs. Opie, the amiable author of many beautiful
+and interesting literary compositions, he enjoyed a delightful relief
+from the toilsome duties of his profession. Mr. Opie was in the daily
+acquisition of wealth and fame, and rapidly advancing to the very zenith
+of popularity, when his mortal career was suddenly closed by death, on
+Thursday, April 9, 1807, in the forty-sixth year of his age. "As a
+portrait painter he has great claims to praise, particularly in his men,
+which are firm, bold, and freely delineated, and occasionally well
+coloured. His women are heavy, inelegant, and chiefly accompanied with a
+hardness that destroys all beauty."
+
+[Sidenote: Very high and strong light-house.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Agnes' beacon.]
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of John Opie, the painter.]
+
+[Sidenote: First attempts at portrait painting.]
+
+[Sidenote: Genius fostered by Dr. Walcot.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdotes of Opie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Introduction to the King.]
+
+[Sidenote: Opie's relation of his interview with royalty.]
+
+[Sidenote: Royal economy.]
+
+[Sidenote: First known as an exhibitor at Somerset House, 1786.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in 1807.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------------+------------+-------------+---------------+
+ 9|Aglionby to|Cumberland |Carlisle 3|Brampton 6|
+ 22|Aighton to|Lancaster |Clitheroe 6|Blackburn 7|
+ 43|Aikber to|N.R. York |Middleham 5|Richmond 6|
+ 46|Aike to|E.R. York |Beverley 6|M. Weighton 9|
+ 9|Aikton to & pa|Cumberland |Wigton 4|Carlisle 9|
+ 24|Ailsby pa|Lincolnshire|Gt. Grimsby 4|Caistor 9|
+ 28|Ailsworth ham|Northamp |Peterboro 4|M. Deeping 9|
+ 43|Ainderby Myers to|N.R. York |Catterick 3|Richmond 4|
+ 43|Ainderby Quernhow to|N.R. York |Thirsk 6|Northallerton 8|
+ 43|Ainderby Steeple to & pa|N.R. York |Bedale 5| 2|
+ 9|Ainstable pa|Cumberland |Penrith 11|Carlisle 11|
+ 46|Ainstie dis|W.R. York | | |
+ 43|Aiskew to|N.R. York |Bedale 1|Northallerton 6|
+ 44|Aismondersly |W.R. York |Ripon 1|Aldborough 5|
+ 22|Ainsworth to|Lancaster |Manchester 7|Bury 3|
+ 9|Ainthorn to|Cumberland |Wigton 10|Carlisle 12|
+ 22|Aintree to|Lancaster |Liverpool 6|Ormskirk 8|
+ 44|Airton to|W.R. York |Settle 6|Skipton 6|
+ 43|Airyholme to|N.R. York |New Malton 7|York 16|
+ 43|Aisenby to|N.R. York |Borobridge 6|Ripon 6|
+ 43|Aislaby to & pa|N.R. York |Whitby 2|Scarboro 18|
+ 13|Aislaby to|Durham |Stockton 4|Darlington 11|
+ 24|Aisthorpe to & pa|Lincoln |Lincoln 7|Gainsboro 12|
+ 29|Akeld to|Northumb |Wooler 2|Coldstream 9|
+ 5|Akeley to & pa|Bucks |Brackley 9|Buckingham 3|
+ 36|Akenham pa|Suffolk |Ipswich 4|Woodbridge 9|
+ 18|Albans, St[A] bo & to|Herts |Watford 8|Dunstable 12|
+ +--+------------------------+------------+-------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population
+ +--+-----------------------+---------------------------+-----+---------+
+ 9|Aglionby to|Penrith 18| 302| 107|
+ 22|Aighton to|Preston 12| 210| 1980|
+ 43|Aikber to|Bedale 4| 234| 43|
+ 46|Aike to|Gt. Driffield 7| 190| 86|
+ 9|Aikton to & pa|Abbey-holm 7| 309| 753|
+ 24|Ailsby pa|Barton 15| 165| |
+ 28|Ailsworth ham|Stamford 9| 83| 289|
+ 43|Ainderby Myers to|Middleham 7| 222| |
+ 43|Ainderby Quernhow to|Ripon 7| 217| 107|
+ 43|Ainderby Steeple to & pa|Darlington 12| 223| 802|
+ 9|Ainstable pa|Kirk Oswald 5| 295| |
+ 46|Ainstie dis| ... | 199| 8740|
+ 43|Aiskew to|Richmond 9| 223| 586|
+ 44|Aismondersly |Masham 7| 212| |
+ 22|Ainsworth to|Bolton 8| 189| 1584|
+ 9|Ainthorn to|Gretna Green 8| 315| 203|
+ 22|Aintree to|Prescott 10| 212| 247|
+ 44|Airton to|Arnecliff 7| 230| 179|
+ 43|Airyholme to|Helmsley 6| 223| |
+ 43|Aiseny to|Thirsk 5| 211| |
+ 43|Aislaby to & pa|Pickering 15| 237| 402|
+ 43|Aislaby to|Yarm 1| 244| 143|
+ 24|Aisthorpe to & pa|Kirton 12| 140| 89|
+ 29|Akeld to|Kirk Newton 3| 322| 171|
+ 5|Akeley to & pa|Sto. Stratford 6| 59| 291|
+ 36|Akenham pa|Needham 7| 73| 119|
+ 18|Albans, St[A] bo & to|Hatfield 6| 21| 4772|
+ +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] St. ALBANS is situated on the river Ver, or Muss, and consists of
+three parishes; parts of two of which, extend beyond the limits of the
+borough. It is said to have been the site of the ancient British
+metropolis of Cassibelanus, and is very near that of the ancient Roman
+Verulam, mentioned by Tacitus, being the same as the Saxon
+Watlingceaster, so called because seated on the road called
+Watling-street. It was here that Queen Boadicea made her celebrated
+assault on the Romans, and failed, after an immense slaughter of seventy
+thousand men. In 795, Offa, king of Mercia, erected an abbey here, in
+memory of St. Alban, the British protomartyr, who was born here in the
+third century. He served in the Roman army, but was converted to
+Christianity by a monk, named Amphilabus, and suffered during the
+Dioclesian persecution, A.D. 303. The abbey subsequently obtained great
+privileges, and became very rich, the revenues at the dissolution
+amounting to upwards of L2500. per annum. Monastic foundations had their
+origin in this country, about the time of St. Augustine, who came from
+Rome, to convert the Pagan Saxons to Christianity; and when Offa
+ascended the throne of Mercia, about twenty great monasteries had been
+founded in England, and about the same number of episcopal sees
+established. Offa's zeal prompted him to do what many of his crowned
+predecessors had done; but being undetermined whom to select as the
+patron saint of his establishment, it is recorded that, while at the
+city of Bath, an angel appeared to him in the silence of the night,
+desiring him to raise out of the earth the body of Alban, the first
+British martyr, and place his remains in a suitable shrine. Even the
+memory of Alban had been lost for three hundred and forty years; but the
+king assembling his clergy and people at Verulam, an active search was
+made for his body with prayer, fasting, and alms; when it is said a ray
+of light was seen by all to stand over the place of burial, similar to
+the star that conducted the magi to Bethlehem. The ground was therefore
+opened, and, in the presence of the king, the body of Alban was found.
+Offa is said to have placed a golden circle round the head of the
+deceased, with an inscription, to signify his name and title, and
+immediately caused the remains of the saint to be conveyed to a small
+chapel, without the walls of Verulam, as the town was then called, until
+a more noble edifice could be raised for its reception. This is said to
+have occurred on the 1st day of August, 791, four hundred and
+ninety-four years after the martyrdom of Alban. Offa afterwards made a
+journey to Rome, and obtained the desired privileges of his intended
+foundation, with great commendations for his zeal and piety, from the
+pope, when he undertook to build a stately church and monastery, to the
+memory of St. Alban. From this abbey the town originated, which early
+obtained considerable importance. The abbey church, which claims
+particular attention for its size, beauty, and antiquity, is constructed
+of Roman brick, to which age has given the appearance of stone. A stone
+screen, erected before the communion table, in 1461, is much admired for
+the richness and lightness of its sculpture. The tombs of the founder,
+Offa, and that of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, are shown here; and, not
+many years ago, the leaden coffin, containing the body of the latter,
+was opened, and the corpse found nearly entire. The Roman antiquities
+discovered on the site have been very numerous. The effect of the
+venerable abbey, when seen from a distance, is extremely imposing;
+situated upon an eminence, its massive towers rise majestically above
+the houses of the ancient town, which is well, known to have derived its
+first importance from the Romans, since which, it has increased chiefly
+under the protecting influence of successive abbots of this rich and
+powerful monastery. The prospect of its mouldering ruins, forces upon
+the mind a melancholy train of reflection on the instability of all
+human institutions.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, March 25 and 26; October 10 and 11, for
+ horses, cows, sheep, and hiring servants.--_Inns_, Angel, and White
+ Hart.--_Mail_ arrives 10.15 P.M. Departs 4.30 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Originally the British metropolis.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Offa's extraordinary vision, which induced him to build
+the abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Alban's body found after a lapse of 494 years; a golden
+circle placed round his head.]
+
+[Sidenote: Duke of Gloucester's body found nearly entire.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. |County.|Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+-------+---------------+----------------+
+ 38|Albourn pa|Sussex |Hurst 2|Brighton 8|
+ 33|Albrighton to & chap|Salop |Shrewsbury 4|Wem 7|
+ 33|Albrighton pa|Salop |Shiffnall 6|Bridgnorth 10|
+ 27|Alburgh pa|Norfolk|Harleston 3|Bungay 5|
+ 31|Albury pa|Oxford |Tetsworth 3|Thame 4|
+ +--+--------------------+-------+---------------+----------------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond. |Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+------+---------+
+ 38|Albourn pa|Cuckfield 6| 42| 362|
+ 33|Albrighton to & chap|Ellesmere 12| 157| 1054|
+ 33|Albrighton pa|Wolverhamp 7| 137| 98|
+ 27|Alburgh pa|Norwich 16| 103| 586|
+ 31|Albury pa|Wheatley 3| 45| 239|
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+------+---------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+---------+----------------+------------+
+ 18 |Albury pa|Herts |Bp Stortford 5|Standon 4|
+ 37 |Albury pa|Surrey |Guildford 6|Dorking 7|
+ 27 |Alby pa|Norfolk |Aylesham 6|Cromer 5|
+ 12 |Alcester lib|Dorset |Shaftesbury 1|Sherborne 16|
+ 39 |Alcester[A] m.t. & pa|Warwick |Warwick 16|Stratford 8|
+ 38 |Alciston pa|Sussex |Seaford 5|Hailsham 5|
+ 19 |Alconbury pa|Hunts |Huntingdon 4|Kimbolton 8|
+ 19 |Alconbury Weston chap|Hunts | ... 5| ... 8|
+ 27 |Aldborough pa|Norfolk |Aylesham 5|Cromer 6|
+ 43 |Aldborough to|N.R. York|Richmond 7|Darlington 5|
+ 46 |Aldborough to & pa|E.R. York|Hull 11|Hornsea 6|
+ 45 |Aldborough[B] pa & to|W.R. York|York 18|Thirsk 10|
+ 41 |Aldbourn[C] to & pa|Wilts |Marlboro 7|Ramsbury 3|
+ 18 |Aldbury pa|Herts |Tring 3|Dunstable 7|
+ 22 |Aldcliffe ham|Lancaster|Lancaster 2|Garstang 10|
+ 36 |Aldeburgh[D] m.t.|Suffolk |Orford 5|Saxmundha 7|
+ +--+---------------------+---------+----------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+ 18 |Albury pa|Buntingford 7| 35| 631|
+ 37 |Albury pa|Godalming 7| 29| 929|
+ 27 |Alby pa|N. Walsham 6| 26| 346|
+ 12 |Alcester lib|Salisbury 20| 101| 227|
+ 39 |Alcester[A] m.t. & pa|Bromsgrove 12| 103| 2405|
+ 38 |Alciston pa|Lewes 7| 64| 266|
+ 19 |Alconbury pa|Stilton 9| 63| 765|
+ 19 |Alconbury Weston chap| ... 8| 63| 441|
+ 27 |Aldborough pa|Holt 9| 126| 275|
+ 43 |Aldborough to|Bernard Cas 10| 240| 522|
+ 46 |Aldborough to & pa|Hedon 6| 185| 620|
+ 45 |Aldborough[B] pa & to|Ripon 6| 207| 2447|
+ 41 |Aldbourn[C] to & pa|Swindon 8| 73| 1418|
+ 18 |Aldbury pa|Berkhampst 4| 34| 695|
+ 22 |Aldcliffe ham|Kirk. Londs 17| 238| 96|
+ 36 |Aldeburgh[D] m.t.|Dunwich 10| 94| 1341|
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ALCESTER is situated at the confluence of the two small rivers, Alne
+and Arrow, having a bridge over each. It is supposed to have been a
+Roman station; Roman coins, urns, and similar relics, having been
+frequently found here. The Roman way of Icknield Street also passed
+through it, and from its situation it is deemed the Alana of Richard of
+Cirencester. It was anciently a borough by prescription, and of some
+note in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when it became the
+property of the Beauchamps, and afterwards of the Grevilles. The church
+is a fine gothic structure; the market is well supplied with corn; and
+the manufacture of needles is very extensive. Here is a Free School,
+founded by Walter Newport, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and various
+alms-houses and small charities, originating in different benefactors.
+Traces of the site of an abbey, founded in the reign of King Stephen, to
+the north of the town, are still visible.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday.--_Mail_ arrives 9-1/2 A.M., departs 8-1/2
+ P.M.--_Inn_, Angel.--_Fairs_, March 20, June 23, Tuesday before April
+ 5, May 18, 2nd Tuesday in July, for cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: A Roman station.]
+
+[Sidenote: Many relics of antiquity found.]
+
+[Sidenote: Traces of an abbey founded by King Stephen.]
+
+
+
+[B] ALDBOROUGH. _Fair_, September 4.
+
+
+[C] ALDBOURN. _Market_, Tuesday.
+
+
+[D] ALDEBURGH is pleasantly situated in the valley of Slaughton, and
+bounded on the eastern side by the sea, which has made considerable
+encroachments, and nearly washed a street away. The river Ald runs on
+the south side, and forms a convenient quay. The town is mean in
+construction, and chiefly inhabited by fishermen and seafaring people.
+Soles, lobsters, and other fish are abundant. It is remarkable as the
+birth-place of the late Rev. George Crabbe, emphatically styled the
+_Poet of the Poor_, who was born December 24, 1754. His father was an
+officer in the Customs, and at first gave him an education, merely
+suitable to follow the same pursuit; but when his prospects brightened,
+he removed his son to a classical seminary, where he was instructed for
+a surgeon and apothecary, to which profession he was in due time
+apprenticed, but relinquished all views of establishing himself in
+practice. At a very early period he became a versifier; and among his
+precocious attempts was a prize poem, on _Hope_, which was inserted in
+the _Lady's Magazine_, then published by Mr. Wheeble. Crabbe came to
+London, in 1778, with L3. in his pocket, and made versification his
+chief study. His first published work was _The Candidate_, a poem, in
+quarto, which came into the world anonymously, in 1780, and was
+favourably received. A short time afterwards, his poverty and poetry
+induced him to seek the patronage of Edmund Burke, to whom he submitted
+a large quantity of miscellaneous composition; he had no introduction to
+Mr. Burke, excepting his own letter, stating his circumstances; no
+recommendation but his distress, and yet his application was attended
+with success. His patron introduced him to some of the first men in the
+country, and soon after became the means of benefiting his fame and
+fortune; he selected from young Crabbe's works, _The Library_ and _The
+Village_, suggesting at the same time certain corrections and
+improvements. Among the eminent persons to whom he was thus introduced,
+was the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, Sir Joshua Reynolds, at whose
+mansion he first beheld, and was made known to, Dr. Johnson, who gave
+the young poet his opinion of _The Village_. Mr. Burke having directed
+Mr. Crabbe's views to the church, in 1781 he was ordained a deacon by
+the Bishop of Norwich, and priest by the same dignitary in the following
+year; he was next appointed domestic chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at
+Belvoir Castle. As Mr. Crabbe had not received a university education,
+he was offered a degree by Trinity College, Cambridge, but eventually
+received the grant from the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, and
+thus became a Bachelor of Laws. Burke also introduced Mr. Crabbe to Lord
+Chancellor Thurlow, who presented him to rectories in Dorset and Lincoln
+consecutively. He had previously a curacy at Strathorn, a village near
+Belvoir Castle, where he married and became a father; he was universally
+respected for his talents and virtues, and died at Trowbridge, at seven
+o'clock in the morning of the 8th of February, 1832. The publications of
+Mr. Crabbe have placed him high on the roll of British Poets.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, March 1, and May 3, for
+ toys.--_Inn_, White Lion.--_Mail_ arrives at 9-1/2 A.M. departs 5-1/2
+ P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of the Rev. George Crabbe, the poet. Biographical
+sketch of his life.]
+
+[Sidenote: Crabbe's arrival in London, 1778.]
+
+[Sidenote: His first published work well received.]
+
+[Sidenote: Crabbe's introduction to eminent persons.]
+
+[Sidenote: Promoted to the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died at Trowbridge 1132.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ 27|Aldeby pa|Norfolk |Beccles 3|Yarmouth 11|
+ 18|Aldenham pa|Herts |Watford 3|St. Albans 6|
+ 41|Alderbury to|Wilts |Salisbury 3|Downton 4|
+ 27|Alderford pa|Norfolk |Reepham 3|Norwich 9|
+ 15|Alderley pa|Gloucester|Wickwar 4|Wooton 2|
+ 7|Alderley pa|Chester |Macclesfield 5|Knutsford 5|
+ 4|Aldermaston[A] pa|Berks |Reading 10|Newbury 8|
+ 42|Alderminster pa|Worcester |Evesham 10|Stratford-Av. 5|
+ 41|Alderton pa|Wilts |Malmsbury 6|Tetbury 7|
+ 15|Alderton pa|Gloucester|Winchcomb 3|Cheltenham 7|
+ 28|Alderton pa|Northamp |Towcester 4|Northampton 9|
+ 36|Alderton pa|Suffolk |Woodbridge 7|Orford 9|
+ 7|Aldersey to|Chester |Chester 8|Tarporley 8|
+ 16|Aldershott pa|Hants |Farnham 3|Odiham 8|
+ 10|Alderwasley to|Derby |Wirksworth 1|Matlock 4|
+ 7|Aldford to & pa|Chester |Chester 5|Malpas 10|
+ 45|Aldfield to|W.R. York |Ripon 3|Ripley 4|
+ 14|Aldham pa|Essex |Coggeshall 4|Colchester 6|
+ 36|Aldham pa|Suffolk |Hadley 2|Stow-Market 9|
+ 38|Aldingbourn pa|Sussex |Chichester 4|Arundel 7|
+ 22|Aldingham pa|Lancaster |Ulverstone 5|Dalton 4|
+ 21|Aldington[B] pa|Kent |Hythe 6|Ashford 7|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond. |population.
+ +--+-----------------+-------------------------+------+--------+
+ 27|Aldeby pa|Lowestoft 7| 112| 530|
+ 18|Aldenham pa|Elstree 3| 17| 1494|
+ 41|Alderbury to|Farley 3| 80| 1323|
+ 27|Alderford pa|Aylesham 7| 108| 40|
+ 15|Alderley pa|Tetbury 8| 108| 200|
+ 7|Alderley pa|Congleton 8 172| 1338|
+ 4|Aldermaston[A] pa|Kingsclere 5| 49| 636|
+ 42|Alderminster pa|Shipston-Sto. 6| 89| 454|
+ 41|Alderton pa|Chippenham 8| 103| 213|
+ 15|Alderton pa|Tewkesbury 7| 102| 330|
+ 28|Alderton pa|Sto. Stratford 9| 58| 162|
+ 36|Alderton pa|Ipswich 12| 79| 575|
+ 7|Aldersey to|Malpas 5| 175| 138|
+ 16|Aldershott pa|Frimley 6| 35| 665|
+ 10|Alderwasley to|Bakewell 9| 138| 424|
+ 7|Aldford to & pa|Tarporley 9| 177| 710|
+ 45|Aldfield to|Borobridge 7|2 08| 133|
+ 14|Aldham pa|Neyland 6| 48| 407|
+ 36|Aldham pa|Ipswich 8| 66| 318|
+ 38|Aldingbourn pa|Bognor 5| 62| 833|
+ 22|Aldingham pa|Lancaster 15| 277| 884|
+ 21|Aldington[B] pa|New Romney 8| 60| 732|
+ +--+-----------------+-------------------------+------+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALDERMASTON. _Fairs_, May 6, July 7, for horses and cattle, and
+October 11, for pedlery.
+
+
+[B] ALDINGTON. Elizabeth Barton, commonly called the Holy Maid of Kent,
+a religious impostor, lived in the reign of Henry VIII. She was a
+servant at Aldington, and having been for a long time afflicted with
+convulsions, which distorted her limbs and countenance, and threw her
+body into the most violent agitations, acquired a power of
+counterfeiting the same appearances whenever she pleased. Richard
+Master, who then held this living, with other ecclesiastics, thinking
+her a proper instrument for their purpose, induced her to pretend that
+all she said and did, was by a supernatural impulse, and taught her to
+act her part in the most perfect manner. Thus she pretended to be
+honoured with visions; to hear heavenly voices and most ravishing
+melody; she declaimed against the wickedness of the times, against
+heresy and innovations; exhorting all persons to frequent the church, to
+hear masses, to make frequent confessions, and to pray to our lady, and
+all saints. This artful management, with her apparent piety, virtue, and
+austerity of life, completely deceived even Sir Thomas More, Bishop
+Fisher, and Archbishop Warham, the last of which appointed commissioners
+to examine her, to whom she was instructed to say, in her counterfeit
+trances, that she should never recover till she went to visit the image
+of the Virgin Mary, in a chapel dedicated to her in this parish, which
+was done. After that she pretended that she was called to be a nun, and
+the Archbishop being fully satisfied with the reports, had her placed in
+the nunnery of St. Sepulchre, Canterbury, where she alleged she had
+visions and revelations of a divine nature, so as to completely impose
+upon the public. The main object of the priests, her managers, was
+directed publicly to announce how God had revealed to her, "that in case
+the king should divorce Queen Catherine of Anjou, and take another wife
+during her life, his royalty would not be of a month's duration, but
+that he should die the death of a villain," which created considerable
+excitement, and much controversy: encouraged by the lenity of the
+government, the ecclesiastics in this conspiracy, resolved to publish
+the revelations of the nun throughout the kingdom. They had communicated
+them to the Pope's Ambassadors, and exhorted Queen Catherine to persist
+in her resolutions. At length this confederacy became a serious affair,
+and Henry ordered the maid and her accomplices to be examined in the
+Star Chamber, where they confessed all the particulars of the imposture;
+and afterwards, upon a scaffold erected at Paul's Cross, were compelled
+to hear their confession publicly read; they were confined in the Tower
+until the meeting of parliament, by whom the whole affair was pronounced
+to be a conspiracy against the king's life, and crown. The nun, and her
+confederates, were eventually attainted of high treason, and executed at
+Tyburn, April 20th, 1534, where she confessed the imposture, laying the
+blame on her accomplices, the priests; craving pardon of God, and the
+King.
+
+[Sidenote: The History of the Holy Maid of Kent.]
+
+[Sidenote: Holy Maid of Kent.]
+
+[Sidenote: The imposture detected.]
+
+[Sidenote: Herself and confederates executed at Tyburn.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
+ 42|Aldington ham| Worcester| Evesham 3| Moreton 10|
+ 35|Aldridge pa| Stafford| Walsall 3|Sut. Coldfield 4|
+ 36|Aldringham pa| Suffolk| Aldeburgh 2| Saxmundha 5|
+ 38|Aldrington pa| Sussex| Brighton 5| Steyning 6|
+ 9|Aldstone Moor[A] to & pa|Cumberland| Carlisle 25| Kirk Oswald 12|
+ 15|Aldsworth pa|Gloucester| Northleach 4| Fairford 6|
+ 16|Aldwark to| Derby| Wirksworth 4| Ashbourn 6|
+ 44|Aldwark to| N. R York| Borobridge 5| Easingwold 4|
+ 45|Aldwarke to| W. R York| Rotherham 2| Sheffield 4|
+ 28|Aldwinckle-all Saints p| Northamp| Thrapston 3| Kettering 10|
+ 28|Aldwinckle-St Peter pa| Northamp| ... 3| ... 10|
+ 4|Aldsworth[B] pa| Berks|East Ilsley 4| Wallingford 7|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond. |Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+------+---------+
+ 42|Aldington ham|Alcester 10| 96| 104|
+ 35|Aldridge pa|Lichfleld 6| 116| 1804|
+ 36|Aldringham pa|Dunwich 7| 94| 362|
+ 38|Aldrington pa|Worthing 7| 55| 615|
+ 9|Aldstone Moor[A] to & pa|Haltwhistle 10| 272| 6858|
+ 15|Aldsworth pa|Burford 4| 78| 353|
+ 16|Aldwark to|Winster 6| 145| 97|
+ 44|Aldwark to|Knaresboro 9| 202| 190|
+ 45|Aldwarke to|Barnsley 8| 172| ...|
+ 28|Aldwinckle-all Saints p|Oundle 5| 76| 247|
+ 28|Aldwinckle-St Peter pa| ... 5| 76| 171|
+ 4|Aldsworth[B] pa|Newbury 11| 50| 268|
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALDSTONE MOOR, in Leath Ward, is situated on the borders of
+Northumberland, in the most picturesque and romantic part of the county.
+The town itself stands upon a hill, at the bottom of which runs the
+river Tyne. The immediate vicinity abounds in lead-mines, on estates
+which once belonged to the Derwentwater family. On the attainder of the
+last earl, they were granted in aid of the support of Greenwich
+Hospital, from the trustees of which national institution, the mines are
+at present leased. Satin spar is found in this parish; there is also a
+pool on Gildersdale Fell, the slime of which is used for painting
+yellow. About three miles from the town, are the earthworks of Whitley
+castle, where relics of antiquity have frequently been discovered.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, last Thursday in May, 1st Thursday in
+ September, for cattle, horses, linen and woollen cloth.
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque and Romantic scenery.]
+
+[Sidenote: The slime of a pool use for painting yellow.]
+
+
+[B] ALDWORTH is pleasantly situated on a hill: here was anciently a
+mansion belonging to the family of De La Beche, the site of which is now
+Beach Farm. In the churchyard is a remarkable yew-tree, the trunk
+measuring nine yards in circumference, at upwards of four feet from the
+ground. The church is celebrated for its very ancient monuments, nine in
+number, disposed in enriched arches on each side, and in the centre of
+the interior; these are supposed to belong to the De La Beche family,
+and from the costume of the figures upon the tombs, may be referred to
+the fourteenth century; six of them are knights in armour; two are
+females, and one in the common habit of the time; some of the knights
+are represented lying cross-legged; these had vowed, or accompanied a
+crusade; the workmanship is excellent, and the attitude and expression
+of each of the figures that remain perfect, are exceedingly graceful,
+but several of the monuments are now considerably mutilated. The font is
+very ancient, and remarkably plain, but very capacious, and somewhat
+singular in its form.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable yew-tree, nine yards round.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church celebrated for ancient monuments.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ 29|Alemouth to|Northumb |Lesbury 2|Alnwick 5|
+ 28|Alesworth ham|Northamp |Deeping 7|Wandsford 3|
+ 37|Alfold pa|Surrey |Guildford 10|Godalming 7|
+ 24|Alford m.t. & pa|Lincoln |Saltfleet 12|Lincoln 34|
+ 34|Alford pa|Somerset |Shepton 7|Castle Cary 2|
+ 10|Alfreton[A] pa|Derby |Derby 14|Wirksworth 10|
+ 42|Alfrick chap|Worcester |Bromvard 6|Worcester 8|
+ 38|Alfriston pa|Sussex |Newhaven 5|Seaford 3|
+ 24|Algarkirk pa|Lincoln |Fosdyke Br. 3|Boston 6|
+ 31|Alkerton pa|Oxford |Shipston 8|Banbury 6|
+ 21|Alkham pa|Kent |Canterbury 12|Dover 4|
+ 15|Alkington ti & to|Gloucester|Old Passage 10|Berkeley 1|
+ 10|Alkmonton to|Derby |Derby 10|Ashbourn 5|
+ 22|Alkrington to|Lancaster |Rochdale 7|Manchester 6|
+ 41|Alcannings pa & to|Wilts |Calne 7|Devizes 4|
+ 29|Allendale pa & to|Northumb |Aldsto. Moor 10|Hexham 8|
+ 29|Allen-Head pa|Northumb | ... 9|Hexham 12|
+ 8|Allen, St. pa|Cornwall |St. Michael 4|Truro 4|
+ 17|Allensmore pa|Hereford |Thruxton 2|Hereford 4|
+ 29|Allenton pa & to|Northumb |Wooler 16|Rothbury 8|
+ 34|Aller pa|Somerset |Taunton 11|Somerton 6|
+ 9|Allerby to|Cumberland|Wigton 8|Cockermout 7|
+ 43|Allerston pa|N.R. York |New Malton 8|Pickering 5|
+ 46|Allerthorpe pa|E.R. York |York 11|Pocklington 2|
+ 43|Allerthorpe to|N.R. York |Northallerton 6|Bedale 5|
+ 22|Allerton to|Lancaster |Warrington 12|Liverpool 6|
+ 34|Allerton Chapel pa|Somerset |Wells 10|Axbridge 3|
+ 45|Allerton Chapel pa|W.R. York |Halifax 7|Leeds 2|
+ 45|Allerton to|W.R. York |Ottley 5|Bradford 4|
+ 45|Allerton Bywater to|W.R. York |Wakefield 6|Pontefract 5|
+ 45|Allerton Mauleverer[B] p|W.R. York |Wetherby 5|Knaresboro 4|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 29|Alemouth to|Morpeth 19| 311| 415|
+ 28|Alesworth ham|Peterborough 5| 87| 289|
+ 37|Alfold pa|Haslemere 9| 41| 514|
+ 24|Alford m.t. & pa||Louth 11| 142| 1784|
+ 34|Alford pa|Glastonbury 8| 115| 137|
+ 10|Alfreton[A] pa|Mansfield 9| 139| 5691|
+ 42|Alfrick chap||Gt. Malvern 10| 119| 493|
+ 38|Alfriston pa|Hailsham 6| 55| 694|
+ 24|Algarkirk pa|Donnington 7| 111| 651|
+ 31|Alkerton pa|Kineton 6| 77| 192|
+ 21|Alkham pa|Folkestone 4| 69| 542|
+ 15|Alkington ti & to|Dursley 3| 113| 1167|
+ 10|Alkmonton to|Uttoxeter 7| 134| 79|
+ 22|Alkrington to|Oldham 1| 187| 367|
+ 41|Alcannings pa & to|Marlborough 9| 88| 811|
+ 29|Allendale pa & to|Haltwhistle 10| 273| 5540|
+ 29|Allen-Head pa|Allendale 4| 268| ...|
+ 8|Allen, St. pa|Falmouth 12| 252| 637|
+ 17|Allensmore pa|Ross 12| 131| 592|
+ 29|Allenton pa & to|Bellingham 15| 310| 822|
+ 34|Aller pa|Bridgewater 8| 128| 490|
+ 9|Allerby to|Abbey-Holm 6| 313| ...|
+ 43|Allerston pa|Scarborough 10| 220| 385|
+ 46|Allerthorpe pa|M. Weighton 6| 212| 185|
+ 43|Allerthorpe to|Thirsk 6| 218| 167|
+ 22|Allerton to|Prescott 6| 202| 374|
+ 34|Allerton Chapel pa|Bridgewater 11| 132| 313|
+ 45|Allerton Chapel pa|Bradford 8| 194| 1730|
+ 45|Allerton to|Keighly 4| 200| 1733|
+ 45|Allerton Bywater to|Leeds 6| 182| 375|
+ 45|Allerton Mauleverer[B] p|Borobridge 5| 202| ...|
+ +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ALFRETON, is situated about two miles from the commencement of the
+moors, which extend so widely in this county. The town is supposed to
+have been built by King Alfred, and to derive its name from him. The
+spot is shown where the house stood in which he lived. The inhabitants
+are principally employed in a stocking manufactory, and in the
+neighbouring collieries. Earthenware is also made in this place, and the
+Monday market, for corn, is considerable. In Greenhill Lane, near this
+town, seven hundred Roman coins, were discovered by a labourer employed
+in repairing a fence.
+
+ _Markets_, Monday and Friday.--_Mail_ arrives 2-1/4 P.M., departs
+ 9-1/4 A.M.--_Fairs_, horses and cattle, October 8, and November 22,
+ statute.--_Inns_, Angel, and George.
+
+[Sidenote: Built by King Alfred.]
+
+[Sidenote: 700 Roman coins found here.]
+
+
+[B] ALLERTON MAULEVERER, is situated in a very beautiful part of
+Yorkshire. The park now in the possession of _Lord Stourton_, consists
+of about four hundred acres, in which is a superb mansion; the land is
+very rich, and charmingly diversified by a variety of hills, dales, and
+groves, which are considerably enlivened, and receive much additional
+beauty, from a very fine expanse of water. An octagonal tower has been
+built on a lofty hill, finely shaded with trees; it consists of two
+rooms, and is approached by a double flight of steps, each of which, as
+well as the terrace around the building, are protected by iron
+palisades. From this commanding situation, all the various beauties of
+the park are seen to the greatest advantage, and many extensive and
+diversified prospects are enjoyed. Here was a priory of Benedictine
+monks, founded by Richard Mauleverer, in the reign of Henry II., which
+was dissolved about three centuries afterwards by King Henry VI. The
+manor was the seat of the Mauleverer family for more than five hundred
+years, when Sir Richard, the last heir, who died unmarried, left the
+estate by will to his mother, who, afterwards by marriage, conveyed it
+to the Arundel family, and from them it became the property of the
+Honourable, William Monkton Arundel, Viscount Galway, whose son, the
+late Lord Galway, sold it in the year 1786, to the late Duke of York,
+who afterwards occasionally resided in the park, with George IV., then
+Prince of Wales. The estate, comprising four thousand five hundred and
+twenty-five acres, was sold by the Royal Duke to Colonel Thornton, for
+L110,000; and was, in 1805, resold by that gentleman to the late Lord
+Stourton, father of the present proprietor. The mansion stands on a
+gentle elevation; it was erected by his Royal Highness the Duke of York,
+and has since been considerably improved.
+
+[Sidenote: Extensive park and mansion.]
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: Here was a Priory of Benedictine monks.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sale of the estate by the late Duke of York, for L110,000.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ 39|Allesley pa|Warwick |Coventry 2|Nuneaton 8|
+ 10|Allestrey pa|Derby |Derby 2|Ashbourn 14|
+ 23|Allexton pa|Leicester |Rockingham 6|M. Harboro 9|
+ 9|Allhallows pa|Cumberland|Wigton 5|Market Ireby 4|
+ 21|Allhallows pa|Kent |Rochester 7|Sheerness 5|
+ 12|Allington pa|Dorset |Bridport 1|Lyme Regis 8|
+ 21|Allington[A] pa|Kent |Maidstone 2|Rochester 7|
+ +--+----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+--------------+
+ 39|Allesley pa|Kenilworth 6| 93| 875|
+ 10|Allestrey pa|Alfreton 13| 128| 501|
+ 23|Allexton pa||Uppingham 5| 89| 68|
+ 9|Allhallows pa|Allonby 7| 308| 205|
+ 21|Allhallows pa|Queenboro 6| 36| 263|
+ 12|Allington pa|Beaminster 5| 136| 1300|
+ 21|Allington[A] pa|Wrotham 8| 32| 37|
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALLINGTON. Situated in the hundred of Larkefield, in the lathe of
+Aylesford, near the river Medway. ALLINGTON CASTLE was originally
+built in the Saxon times, by a noble family denominated _Columbary_,
+but was razed afterwards by the Danes. The manor was given after the
+conquest to Bishop Odo, (in whose time there was a _church_ at
+Allington,) and on his disgrace, to the great Earl Warrenne, who is
+stated to have had the castle rebuilt, which, however, seems to be
+doubtful, as the famous Sir Stephen Penchester, constable of Dover
+Castle, in the reign of Edward I., and then owner of this manor, had a
+license to fortify, and embattle, his mansion-house here. It passed
+afterwards to the _Cobham_ family; and from them to the _Brents_, by
+whom it was alienated to Sir Henry Wyatt, a descendant from a worthy
+Yorkshire family; who, besides losing seventeen manors, was deprived of
+his liberty for engaging in the plot against Richard III. in favour of
+the Earl of Richmond; but when success had crowned the attempts of the
+latter, he was released by the new king, knighted, made banneret, a
+knight of the bath, and a privy counsellor. He made this castle his
+residence; and here was born his accomplished son and successor, Sir
+Thomas Wyatt. This gentleman who was equally renowned, as a scholar, a
+soldier, and a statesman, (in consequence of which he was considered to
+be "the delight of the muses and mankind") made this a "fair seat," and
+was visited here by Henry VIII., (as his father Sir Henry had also
+been,) with whom he was a great favourite; though he appears in some
+degree to have unintentionally excited his jealousy, through the
+admiration which his accomplishments had raised in the breast of the
+fascinating Anne Boleyn. He died in his thirty-eighth year, at
+Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, of a violent fever. His son Sir Thomas Wyatt,
+the younger, being deprived of his estates and life, for treason against
+Queen Mary, this castle and manor became vested in the crown, and were
+granted, on lease by Elizabeth, to John Astley Esq., master of her
+jewels, in her eleventh year. His son, Sir John Astley, afterwards had
+the whole granted to him by the queen's letters patent, dated in her
+twenty-sixth year, and from his family it was transferred to that of
+Lord Romney, and is now the property of the present earl. The remains of
+the castle are particularly curious and interesting, but give the idea
+rather of a fortified dwelling, than of a place of strength. The moat
+still exists, as does the entrance gateway, which was erected by the
+Cobhams. Besides the castle and parsonage, (a mere cottage,) there is
+only one house in this parish; though Sir Stephen de Penchester is
+recorded to have procured a grant of a market weekly, and a three days
+annual fair for his manor of Allington.
+
+[Sidenote: The castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mansion given to Bishop Odo.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Henry Wyatt deprived of seventeen manors and his liberty,
+for treason.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Thomas Wyatt, was an accomplished scholar, soldier and
+statesman.]
+
+[Sidenote: Parish consists of one house, a church, and a cottage.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+------------------------------+
+ 41|Allington pa|Wilts |Amesbury 4|Salisbury 6|
+ 41|Allington to|Wilts |Chippenham 2|Malmsbury 9|
+ 41|Allington to|Wilts |Devizes 4|Calne 7|
+ 11|Allington, East pa|Devon |Kingsbridge 4|Dartmouth 6|
+ 11|Allington, West pa|Devon | ... 1|Modbury 7|
+ 24|Allington, West pa|Lincoln |Grantham 5|Newark 10|
+ 22|Allithwaite, Upper to|Lancaster |Cartmel 3|Hawkeshead 11|
+ 22|Allithwaite, Lower to|Lancaster | ... 1| ... 13|
+ 9|Allonby to|Cumberland|Wigton 11|Cockermouth 9|
+ 7|Allostock to|Chester |Knutsford 5|Middlewich 5|
+ 36|All Saints, St. Elm pa|Suffolk |Halesworth 5|Bungay 5|
+ 17|Almeley pa|Hereford |Weobly 5|Kington 4|
+ 12|Almer, West pa|Dorset |Blandford 6|Bere Regis 6|
+ 35|Almington to|Stafford |Drayton 1|Newcastle 12|
+ 39|Almington & Delph to|Warwick |Tamworth 2|Atherstone 7|
+ 38|Almodington pa|Sussex |Chichester 6|Bognor 10|
+ 45|Almondbury[A] pa & to|W.R. York |Huddersfield 2|Barnsley 10|
+ 15|Almondsbury pa & ti|Gloucester|Thornbury 4|Old Pas. Hou. 5|
+ 34|Almsford pa|Somerset |Castle Cary 1|Bruton 4|
+ 43|Alne pa & to|N.R. York |Easingwold 3|Borobridge 6|
+ 39|Alne, Great chap & to|Warwick |Alcester 3|Henley-Arden 5|
+ 29|Alnham pa & to|Northumb |Alnwick 14|Wooler 11|
+ 29|Alnwick[B] m.t. & pa|Northumb |Newcastle 34|Morpeth 9|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+ 41|Allington pa|Andover 11| 77| 80|
+ 41|Allington to|Bath 13| 95| 162|
+ 41|Allington to|Marlboro 10| 88| 162|
+ 11|Allington, East pa|Totness 7| 205| 677|
+ 11|Allington, West pa|Plymouth 18| 207| 872|
+ 24|Allington, West pa|M. Mowbray 16| 115| 357|
+ 22|Allithwaite, Upper to|Ulverstone 11| 255| 759|
+ 22|Allithwaite, Lower to|..by Ferry 6| 257| 838|
+ 9|Allonby to|Abbey-Holm 8| 315| 783|
+ 7|Allostock to|Northwich 6| 168| 448|
+ 36|All Saints, St. Elm pa|Harleston 5| 105| 439|
+ 17|Almeley pa|Leominster 7| 107| ...|
+ 35|Almington to|Eccleshall 10| 158| 340|
+ 39|Almington & Delph to|Coleshill 10| 112| 264|
+ 38|Almodington pa|Selsea-Bill 4| 68| ...|
+ 45|Almondbury[A] pa & to|Wakefield 9| 186| 30606|
+ 15|Almondsbury pa & ti|Bristol 8| 117| 1408|
+ 34|Almsford pa|Glastonbury 9| 114| 304|
+ 43|Alne pa & to|Thirsk 9| 212| 1967|
+ 39|Alne, Great chap & to|Stratford 7| 103| 343|
+ 29|Alnham pa & to|Rothbury 9| 314| 278|
+ 29|Alnwick[B] m.t. & pa| ... 11| 308| 6788|
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ALMONDBURY is situated near the river Calder, in the upper division
+of the wapentake of Aybrigg. Here is a grammar school, founded by patent
+from James I. and endowed with about L120 per annum. This place is noted
+for its extensive woollen manufactories. It was anciently called
+Albanbury. In the neighbourhood traces of an ancient castle, on an
+eminence, are still discernable. It is supposed, by some antiquarians,
+to have been the Campodonum of the Romans, and subsequently a royal seat
+of some of the Saxon kings.
+
+[Sidenote: Grammar school founded by James I.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient castle. Campodonum of the Romans.]
+
+
+[B] ALNWICK, is on the high road from London to Berwick, and usually
+regarded as the capital of the county. It is situated partly in the
+southern division of Barnborough Ward, and partly in the eastern
+division of Coquetdale Ward. It is built irregularly, on the declivities
+of a hill, near the river Alne, over which a handsome stone bridge was
+erected by the late Duke of Northumberland, which bears the Percy crest
+on the parapet; there is also another bridge, of one arch, lower down
+the river; these two bridges serve as boundaries to the fine lawns
+surrounding the castle. At the head of Pottergate is a tower or
+clock-house, built in 1786. An abbey of Premonstratension canons was
+founded at Alnwick by Eustace St. John, in the year 1147. It was
+pleasantly situated on the northern margin of the Alne, the site of
+which was granted, in 1549, to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Wennington,
+after which it became the seat of the Brandling family, and also of the
+Doubleday family, by whom it was sold to the Duke of Northumberland. A
+fine gate house still remains, on which the Percy arms is visible. This
+town has a spacious market place, and a considerable town hall, in which
+the sessions and county courts are held. It is paved, watched, and
+lighted, under an act passed in 1821. Although the county town, the
+assizes are held at Newcastle. Alnwick Castle has been for many
+centuries a fortress of great strength, and the family mansion of the
+Percys'; it stands on an eminence on the south side of the Alne,
+opposite to the town, and commands a beautiful view of the country. The
+walls are flanked with sixteen gothic towers, the battlements of which,
+are ornamented with figures of ancient warriors: it is very celebrated
+in border history, and was peculiarly fatal to the kings of Scotland, of
+whom Malcolm II. and his son Edward, fell before it; and William,
+surnamed the Lion, was taken prisoner. The castle has lately undergone a
+complete repair; great attention having been paid to the restoration of
+the gothic ornaments in their original style. The chapel has been
+rendered extremely beautiful, by the introduction of a ceiling, in
+imitation of the celebrated one of King's College, Cambridge. There is
+also a handsome window, on the model of one at York Minster, and the
+walls are painted in the manner of those of the cathedral of Milan. The
+tenants of the estate at Alnwick, in the year 1818, erected a monument
+to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1817, and
+was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Percy column, as it is called,
+stands on a beautiful knoll, adjoining the road on the southern entrance
+to the town; it rises without a pedestal, and may be seen in every
+direction, it is eighty-three feet in height, but may be ascended easily
+by a circular flight of stairs within. There is an immemorial custom
+continued here on the proclamation of the several fairs; divers adjacent
+townships, which are free of toll in the borough, by this service, send
+their deputies to attend the bailiff, on the eve of the fair, when he
+makes proclamation; after which they keep watch all night in every part
+of the town, and this is the most perfect remains of watch and ward
+retained in any part of this country. It is said that King John, having
+endured considerable inconvenience from the miry state of the roads, in
+humorous revenge, directed that for the future, the freemen of Alnwick,
+should be made in the following manner, which is still observed.--On St.
+Mark's day, those who are to be made free, assemble in the market place,
+dressed in white, with white caps, and a sword by their side. They
+proceed on horseback from this place to the town moor, headed by the
+four chamberlains, attired in the same manner, where they alight and
+rush through a muddy pool; having performed this ceremony, they change
+their soiled garments, and return to the town. Here is a free school,
+supported by a revenue arising out of the tolls, and various minor
+charities.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday,--_Mail_ arrives 6-1/4 A.M., departs 5-1/2
+ P.M.--_Fairs_, Palm Sunday eve, for shoes, hats, &c.; May 12th,
+ horses and horned cattle; last Monday in July, linen and woollen
+ cloth; 1st Tuesday in October, and October 28th, horses and cattle;
+ and Saturday before Christmas Day, for shoes, hats, and
+ woollens.--_Bankers_, Ridley and Co., draw on Glynn and Co.--_Inn_,
+ White Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: An abbey of monks, founded in 1147.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fortress of great strength.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fall of Malcolm II. and his son Edward.]
+
+[Sidenote: Monument to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious customs in Alnwick.]
+
+[Sidenote: Making freemen at Alnwick through a muddy pool.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. |County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+
+ 14|Alphamstone pa|Essex |Halstead 5|Sudbury 5|
+ 36|Alphaston pa|Suffolk|Sudbury 7|Lavenham 3|
+ 11|Alphington pa|Devon |Exeter 1|Topsham 5|
+ 27|Alpington pa|Norfolk|Norwich 6|Loddon 5|
+ 7|Alpraham to|Chester|Tarporley 3|Malpas 8|
+ 14|Alresford pa|Essex |Colchester 5|St. Osyth 6|
+ 16|Alresford, New[A] m.t.|Hants |Southamp. 19|Winchester 7|
+ +--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+
+ | |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+ 14|Alphamstone pa|Colchester 10| 50| 277|
+ 36|Alphaston pa|Bury 10| 61| 309|
+ 11|Alphington pa|Chudleigh 8| 167| 1236|
+ 27|Alpington pa|Hempnell 6| 119| 197|
+ 7|Alpraham to|Nantwich 7| 176| 418|
+ 14|Alresford pa||Manningtre 8| 56| 297|
+ 16|Alresford, New[A] m.t.|Alton 10| 57| 1437|
+ +--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] NEW ALRESFORD, is in the north division of the hundred of Alton:
+seated on the river Itchin, at no great distance from its source. It was
+anciently a more populous place than at present, the navigation of the
+river, having at one time extended from Southampton to this town;
+whereas, it now ceases at Winchester. Alresford is divided into two
+parishes, of which that of Old Alresford is deemed the mother church.
+The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament, is governed by a
+bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are held here. There
+is a manufacture of linseys of some consequence, but generally speaking,
+the trade is much decayed. At Tichbourne Hall, about two miles distant,
+the seat of Sir H. Tichbourne, there has been bestowed annually, on Lady
+Day, from the reign of Henry II. a gift to every applicant of twopence
+in bread or money; of which bounty, in some years, no less than
+seventeen hundred persons have partaken.
+
+ _Market_, Thursday.--_Mail_ arrives 3-1/2 A.M. departs 11-1/2
+ P.M.--_Fairs_, last Thursday in July, and October 17, sheep,
+ &c.--_Bankers_, Knapp & Co. draw on Barclay & Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Formerly a populous place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tichbourne Hall, seat of Sir H. Tichbourne.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+ 16|Alresford, Old pa|Hants |Southamp. 19|Winchester 7|
+ 35|Alrewas pa|Stafford |Lichfield 5|Burton 8|
+ 35|Alewas Hayes dis|Stafford | ... 4| ... 9|
+ 7|Alsager pa|Chester |Sandbach 5|Congleton 9|
+ 10|Alsop-le-Dale pa|Derby |Ashbourn 6|Longnor 8|
+ 22|Alston to|Lancaster|Preston 6|Blackburn 6|
+ 42|Alstone chap|Worcester|Tewkesbury 5|Evesham 7|
+ 35|Alstonefield pa & to|Stafford |Ashbourn 6|Longnor 6|
+ 22|Altcar chap|Lancaster|Ormskirk 6|Liverpool 11|
+ 8|Alternon pa|Cornwall |Launceston 8|Camelford 8|
+ 22|Altham to & chap|Lancaster|Burnley 5|Colne 11|
+ 14|Althorne pa|Essex |Maldon 6|Southminster 3|
+ 24|Althorp pa & to|Lincoln |Burton 5|Epworth 5|
+ 27|Althorpe ham|Norfolk |Fakenham 2|N. Walsingh. 3|
+ 48|Altmawr chap|Brecon |Builth 3|Brecon 12|
+ 45|Altofts to|W.R. York|Wakefield 4|Leeds 8|
+ 16|Alton[A] m.t. & pa|Hants |Southamp. 29|Basingstoke 10|
+ 41|Alton Barnes pa|Wilts |Marlboro 7|Devizes 7|
+ 12|Alton Pancras pa|Dorset |Dorchester 7|Cerne-Abbas 3|
+ 41|Alton Priors chap|Wilts |Devizes 7|Marlboro 7|
+ 7|Altringham[B] m.t.|Chester |Knutsford 7|Stockport 10|
+ +--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 16|Alresford, Old pa|Alton 10| 57| 459|
+ 35|Alrewas pa|Bromley 5| 124| 1607|
+ 35|Alewas Hayes dis ... 6| 124| 77|
+ 7|Alsager pa|Nantwich 8| 157| 446|
+ 10|Alsop-le-Dale pa|Winster 6| 145| 61|
+ 22|Alston to|Clitheroe 9| 222| 1030|
+ 42|Alstone chap|Pershore 7| 101| 78|
+ 35|Alstonefield pa & to|Winster 8| 144| 5169|
+ 22|Altcar chap|Prescott 13| 214| 505|
+ 8|Alternon pa|Bodmin 16| 222| 1069|
+ 22|Altham to & chap|Blackburn 6| 212| 413|
+ 14|Althorne pa|Rochford 6| 42| 352|
+ 24|Althorp pa & to|Glandford Br 12| 165| 981|
+ 27|Althorpe ham|Holt 10| 111| 9|
+ 48|Altmawr chap|Aberedwy 2| 170| 43|
+ 45|Altofts to|Pontefract 3| 186| 502|
+ 16|Alton[A] m.t. & pa|Farnham 10| 47| 2742|
+ 41|Alton Barnes pa|Pewsey 4| 82| 138|
+ 12|Alton Pancras pa|Sherborne 10| 120| 210|
+ 41|Alton Priors chap|Pewsey 4| 82| 205|
+ 7|Altringham[B] m.t.|Manchester 9| 179| 2708|
+ +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALTON is seated on the river Wye; it is a pleasant open town,
+consisting of three streets, of which the principal contains some
+handsome houses. It is governed by a constable appointed by the
+magistracy, and a petty sessions are held in the town. The district
+around is celebrated for the superiority of its hop plantations, and
+possesses manufactures of druggets, serges, and other worsted fabrics,
+which are dyed in the wool. It was at Alton that Sir William Waller, in
+December 1643, obtained some advantages over the forces of Lord Hopton,
+who had taken his post in the town, the regiment commanded by Colonel
+Bowles retreated to the church, but not having time to barricade the
+doors, threw down their arms, and surrendered; but the Colonel himself,
+refusing quarter, was slain on the spot. Amongst the celebrated men to
+whom this town has given birth, may be mentioned William de Alton, a
+Dominican Friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and wrote on the
+universality of the pollution of mankind by original sin. John Pitts,
+the Roman Catholic Biographer, who was born in 1560, and died in 1616;
+and William Curtis the Botanist, who was born about 1746, and died in
+1799.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 2 A.M. departs 12-3/4
+ A.M.--_Fairs_, Saturday before May, sheep and lambs, September 29,
+ cattle and toys.--Commercial Banking Company, draw on Williams, and
+ Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated for hops, and manufactures in serges and other
+worsted fabrics.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church converted to a fortress.]
+
+
+[B] ALTRINGHAM is a very neat market-town in the parish of Bowden, and
+hundred of Bucklow, near which the Duke of Bridgewater's canal passes
+from the Mersey at Runcorn, to Manchester; it possesses several
+factories of yarn, cotton, and worsted, and the vicinity supplies the
+markets of Manchester well with fruit and vegetables. This town was
+anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham Massey, one of whom granted to
+it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth century.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday.--_Mail_ arrives 4-1/2 A.M., departs 9-1/2
+ P.M.--_Fairs_, April 29, August 5, November 22, for cattle and
+ drapery.--_Inns_, Bowling Green and Unicorn.
+
+[Sidenote: Yarn, cotton, and worsted manufactories]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 7|Alvanley chap|Chester |Frodsham 3|Warrington 9|
+ 7|Alvaston to|Chester |Sandbach 9|Middlewich 10|
+ 10|Alvaston to & chap|Derby |Derby 4|Kegworth 8|
+ 40|Alvechurch[A] pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove 4|Redditch 4|
+ 41|Alvediston pa|Wilts |Hindon 7|Wilton 8|
+ 33|Alvely pa & to|Salop |Bridgenorth 6|Bewdley 8|
+ 11|Alverdiscott pa|Devon |Bideford 4|Barnstaple 6|
+ 16|Alverstoke pa|Hants |Gosport 1|Tichfield 6|
+ 45|Alverthorpe to|W.R. York |Wakefield 1|Leeds 7|
+ 30|Alverton ham|Notts |Newark 7|Bingham 7|
+ 31|Alvescott pa|Oxford |Burford 5|Bampton 3|
+ 15|Alveston[B] pa|Gloucester|Thornbury 3|New Pas 6|
+ 39|Alveston pa|Warwick |Stratford 2|Warwick 7|
+ 35|Alveton pa & to|Stafford |Cheadle 4|Uttaxeter 6|
+ 24|Alvingham pa|Lincoln |Louth 4|Saltfleet 8|
+ 15|Alvington ham|Gloucester|Blakeney 6|Coleford 6|
+ 19|Alwalton pa|Hunts |Peterboro 5|Stilton 6|
+ 11|Alwington pa|Devon |Bideford 4|Torrington 6|
+ 45|Alwoodley to|W.R. York |Leeds 4|Ottley 5|
+ 17|Amberly ham|Hereford |Hereford 6|Bromyard 9|
+ 38|Amberly pa|Sussex |Arundel 4|Petworth 4|
+ 16|Ambersham, North ti|Hants |Midhurst 3| ... 4|
+ 16|Ambersham, South ti|Hants | ... 3| ... 4|
+ 29|Amble to|Northumb |Alnwick 9|Morpeth 11|
+ 35|Amblecoat ham|Stafford |Stourbridge 1|Dudley 4|
+ 40|Ambleside[C] m.t. & chap|Westmorlnd|Kendal 13|Helvelyn 8|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 7|Alvanley chap|Chester 10| 188| 341|
+ 7|Alvaston to|Whitchurch 11| 164| 46|
+ 10|Alvaston to & chap|Burton 12| 124| 364|
+ 40|Alvechurch[A] pa|Birmingham 11| 114| 1548|
+ 41|Alvediston pa|Shaftesbury 9| 92| 239|
+ 33|Alvely pa & to|Cleobury 9| 133| 836|
+ 11|Alverdiscott pa|Torrington 4| 200| 334|
+ 16|Alverstoke pa|Fareham 6| 79| 12637|
+ 45|Alverthorpe to|Dewsbury 5| 183| 4859|
+ 30|Alverton ham|Southwell 9| 118| 16|
+ 31|Alvescott pa|Whitney 6| 74| 361|
+ 15|Alveston[B] pa|Bristol 9| 119| 800|
+ 39|Alveston pa|Henley 9| 96| 650|
+ 35|Alveton pa & to|Ashbourn 8| 42| 2391|
+ 24|Alvingham pa|Grimsby 18| 153| 292|
+ 15|Alvington ham|Chepstow 7| 128| 281|
+ 19|Alwalton pa|Wandsford 5| 80| 294|
+ 11|Alwington pa|Barnstaple 12| 206| 486|
+ 45|Alwoodley to|Wetherby 8| 193| 142|
+ 17|Amberly ham|Leominster 8| 135| 25|
+ 38|Amberly pa|Worthing 11| 51| 637|
+ 16|Ambersham, North ti|Haslemere 6| 49| 121|
+ 16|Ambersham, South ti| ... 6| 49| 183|
+ 29|Amble to|Felton 6| 301| 247|
+ 35|Amblecoat ham|Wolverhamp 8| 122| 1157|
+ 40|Ambleside[C] m.t. & chap|Winanderm 1| 278| 1095|
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred of
+Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen
+annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large
+structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It
+however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded here by
+Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the county
+formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of England, in the
+reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a circumstantial
+account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop Latimer put
+it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have been merely a
+timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop since the
+restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled down, when
+the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow, which rises in the
+Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards Beoley Park, and
+Warwickshire; and the Ikenield Street, also passes it. This town
+formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen into decay, it
+however, receives some benefit from the Worcester canal, which passes
+it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon canal, at King's Norton.
+
+[Sidenote: Church of Anglo Norman architecture.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dilapidations of time.]
+
+
+[B] ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman camps; the
+one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the other
+called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity
+have been discovered.
+
+[Sidenote: Two Roman camps.]
+
+
+[C] AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity of
+the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch passes through the
+town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus. It is
+scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic beauties
+of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery in England, is
+to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory of woollen
+cloth.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for
+ horned cattle October 29, ditto and sheep--_Mail_ arrives 9-1/2 A.M.,
+ departs 7 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Site of the Roman Dictus.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+ 57|Ambleston pa|Pembroke|Haverfrd.W. 5|Fishguard 3|
+ 31|Ambrosden pa & to|Oxford |Bicester 2|Aylesbury 14|
+ 24|Amcotts ham|Lincoln |Burton 4|Glandford 10|
+ 5|Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & pa|Bucks |Aylesbury 14|Chesham 3|
+ 41|Amesbury[B] m.t. & pa|Wilts |Salisbury 7|Stone-Henge 3|
+ +--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map| Names of Places. Number of Miles From |Lond. |Population.
+ +--+--------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+ 57|Ambleston pa|Newport 10| 266| 574|
+ 31|Ambrosden pa & to|Oxford 12| 51| 914|
+ 24|Amcotts ham|Epworth 9| 165| 359|
+ 5|Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & pa|Beaconsfield 5| 26| 2612|
+ 41|Amesbury[B] m.t. & pa|Andover 14| 77| 544|
+ +--+--------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a branch of
+the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between two wooded
+hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge to Wendover;
+it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from Chesham to
+High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church. The market is
+held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir William Drake,
+about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars and arches, with
+a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in the county.
+Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but by the Reform
+Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively repaired
+in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the family of the
+Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a monument of
+Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638; and also
+several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the adjoining
+mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by _Sheemaker_,
+and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere. About a mile
+northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat of Sir Thomas
+Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the possession of the
+Brudenell's, which family terminated in a peeress, and brought
+Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat of William
+Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in one of her
+progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey, who was one of the
+gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married Jane, the daughter and
+heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion is beautifully situated on
+the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense sheet of water, covering
+thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful prospect, particularly
+towards the east, where the town of Amersham, and the surrounding
+eminences, covered with wood, present a very picturesque appearance. The
+gardens, formerly much admired for their beauty, were originally formed
+by Sir William Drake, about 1666, but have been modernized by Richmond,
+for the late proprietor. Here is also a Free Grammar School, the
+scholars of which are entitled to three exhibitions in Corpus Christi
+College, Oxford, bequeathed by Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in
+1620; and likewise four alms houses, with other minor charities. The
+manufactures are chiefly lace, sacking, and all kinds of white cotton,
+wrought by machinery; and the markets are well attended.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and
+ September 19, for cattle, and statute.--_Inns_, Crown and
+ Griffin.--_Mail_ arrives 7 A.M., departs 9-1/4 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Town Hall, built by Sir W. Drake, 1680.]
+
+[Sidenote: Shardeloes park.]
+
+[Sidenote: Entertainment of Queen Elizabeth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque views.]
+
+
+[B] AMESBURY, or Ambresbury, is situated on the river Avon, and is said
+to derive its name and origin from an abbey, founded by the British
+Prince Ambrosius; which abbey was subsequently changed into a convent of
+Benedictine monks, of which some remains are still to be seen. In the
+parish, and about two miles from the town, is the celebrated British
+monument, known by the name of Stone-henge. Antiquaries differ in their
+opinions as to the probable application of this structure; the majority,
+however, deem it to have been a druidical temple, or a grand tribunal of
+justice. Out of twenty-four enormous stones, of which the outer circular
+range appears to have been formed, seventeen are still standing, and
+seven on the ground; of the inner circle, eleven out of the nineteen of
+which it was formed are still upright, and the remainder prostrate. The
+distance of the inner circle from the outer one is about eight feet,
+forming a walk between the two of about three hundred feet in
+circumference; the stones are from eighteen to twenty feet high, from
+six to seven feet broad, and about three feet thick, and there is an
+appearance of the whole having been surrounded with a trench, over which
+were three passages. There are numerous barrows and tumuli around it,
+where many skeletons and military weapons have been discovered.
+Conjecture has been at a loss to ascertain the means by which such solid
+masses could have been conveyed, and placed in so elevated a situation
+without the aid of machinery. It stands near the summit of a hill; even
+at the distance of half a mile the appearance is awful; but on a nearer
+approach, the eye is still more delighted with the greatness of its
+contour. On entering the building, either on foot or horseback, these
+ruins fill the mind with astonishment, which it is impossible for the
+pen adequately to describe. Other buildings have fallen by
+piece-meal--here a single stone is a ruin. As you advance farther, the
+greatness of every part, and the singular construction of the whole,
+causes additional surprise. Some authors suppose that this noble temple
+does not owe its defacement so much to the introduction of Christianity,
+as to the rude and barbarous hands of the neighbouring peasantry, who
+have carried away the stones for their own purposes. At a house which
+occupies part of the ancient nunnery, a society of nuns of St.
+Augustine, from Flanders, have taken up their abode, probably attracted
+by the supposed sanctity of the situation. Near the town stands the once
+celebrated house of the Dukes of Queensbury, built by Inigo Jones, and
+subsequently improved by the Earl of Burlington. The neighbourhood
+abounds with clay used for making tobacco pipes, and the river Avon
+supplies a very much admired species of fish called loach. In the
+vicinity is a camp, called Vespasians. It consists of a triangular area
+of 39 acres, defended by a ditch and vallum, and bounded on two sides by
+the Avon. This may have been occupied by the Romans, but its
+construction and position indicate a British origin.
+
+ _Market_, Friday.--_Mail_ arrives 11 P.M., departs 4 A.M.--_Fair_,
+ May 17, June 22, December 18, for horses, sheep, and horned
+ cattle.--_Inn_, George.
+
+[Sidenote: Founded by the British Prince Ambrosius.]
+
+[Sidenote: Stone-henge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its awful appearance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery of St. Augustine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Camp of 39 acres.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ 47|Almwich[A] pa|Anglesey |Beaumaris 20|Llanerch 6|
+ 43|Amotherby to|N.R. York |New Malton 3|Pickering 7|
+ 15|Ampney Cruci pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 3|Northleach 9|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+ 47|Almwich[A] pa|Holyhead 21| 261| 6285|
+ 43|Amotherby to|Helmsley 11| 221| 246|
+ 15|Ampney Cruci pa|Lechlade 9| 87| 599|
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ALMWICH, a seaport town in the parish of the same name, in the
+hundred of Twerclyn. It is situated on the north coast of the Island of
+Anglesey; and from a small village (in consequence of the discovery of a
+rich copper-mine in the Parys mountain) has been augmented into a
+considerable town: the appearance of this celebrated mountain is very
+rude; it is bare of vegetation, in consequence of the suffocating fumes
+which issue from it. The Romans are supposed to have obtained copper ore
+from this place, as many vestiges of what, it is imagined, were their
+operations, are still traceable. The great riches of the site were not,
+however, discovered until March 2, 1768, by the lessees of Sir Nicholas
+Bayley, afterwards Earl of Uxbridge; and equally successful was the Rev.
+Edward Hughes, proprietor of another part of the same ridge. The
+substance of the mountain being ore, it has not been worked in the usual
+way, by shafts and levels, but by direct excavation. "Nature," Mr.
+Pennant observes, "hath been profuse in bestowing her mineral favours on
+this spot, for above the copper ore, and not more than three-quarters of
+a yard beneath the common soil, is a bed of yellowish greasy clay, from
+one to four yards thick, containing lead ore, and yielding from six
+hundred to a thousand pounds weight of lead from one ton; and one ton of
+the metal yields not less than fifty-seven ounces of silver. Mixed with
+the earth are frequently certain parts, of the colour of cinnabar;
+whether these are symptomatic of the sulphurous arsenical silver ores,
+or of quick-silver, I will not pretend to decide. Something interferes
+with the successful smelting of this earth in the great, insomuch that
+it has not yet been of that profit to the adventurers, which might
+reasonably be expected from the crucible assays of it." From this
+mountain arises a mineral water, which turns the syrup of violets red,
+without any signs of chalybeate. To enumerate the mineral substances
+found from time to time would prove a tedious employment, and perhaps an
+unimportant one. The following are the principal and most useful:--1.
+Yellow sulphurated copper ore; 2. Native copper, in small quantities; 3.
+Sulphate of copper, both chrystallized and in solution; 4. Sulphate of
+lead, containing a small portion of silver; 5. Black ore, containing
+copper with galenea, calamine, and some silver; 6. Native sulphur. Not
+far from Parys Mountain is the port whence the ore brought from the
+mines is transported to Liverpool and Swansea; it is a chasm between two
+rocks, large enough to receive thirty vessels, each 200 tons. The two
+companies employ fifteen brigs, from 100 to 150 tons burden, besides
+sloops and other craft. The articles exported from these copper mines
+are principally a coarse copper from the smelting-house, a richer copper
+ore, dried precipitate of copper from the vitriol pits, refined sulphur,
+ochre, alum, and green vitriol. Though much improved by the copper
+companies, this port is so exposed to the swell of the ocean, as to make
+it difficult and dangerous of access, during the prevalence of high
+northerly winds.
+
+ _Fair_, November 12.
+
+[Sidenote: From this place the Romans obtained copper ore.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lead ore which yields silver also.]
+
+[Sidenote: Various minerals.]
+
+[Sidenote: The port, a chasm between the rocks.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 15|Ampney Down[A] pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 6|Cricklade 3|
+ 15|Ampney, St. Mary,} | | | |
+ | or Ashbrook } pa|Ditto |Cirencester 4|Fairford 5|
+ 15|Ampney, St. Peter |Ditto |Cirencester 4|Fairford 4|
+ 43|Ampleforth pa & to|N.R. York |Helmsley 4|New Malton 13|
+ 16|Amport pa|Hants |Andover 5|Ludgershall 5|
+ 3|Ampthill[B] m.t. & pa|Bedford |Bedford 8|Woburn 7|
+ 36|Ampton pa|Suffolk |Bury 5|Ixworth 5|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 15|Ampney Down[A] pa|Fairford 4| 85| 463|
+ 15|Ampney, St. Mary,} | | | |
+ | or Ashbrook } pa|Bibury 3| 88| 115|
+ 15|Ampney, St. Peter |Cricklade 5| 86| 180|
+ 43|Ampleforth pa & to|York 18| 223| 623|
+ 16|Amport pa|Salisbury 13| 69| 731|
+ 3|Ampthill[B] m.t. & pa|Toddington 7| 46| 1688|
+ 36|Ampton pa|Thetford 8| 76| 110|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] AMPNEY DOWN. The church of this place is very curious, and is said
+to have been built by the Knights Templars, about the year 1260. Under
+the window at the south-end of the transept, is the tomb of Sir Nicholas
+de Villiers and his lady, with their effigies, represented under an
+arch. The knight is represented as a crusader, in mail and surtout, with
+his legs crossed, his feet resting on a lion, and his right hand on the
+hilt of his sword; on his left arm is a shield bearing the Cross of St.
+George, charged with five escalop-shells. This figure is of hard blue
+stone; that of the lady is of free-stone, and much mutilated. Below the
+effigies of the knight is a mutilated inscription in the Saxon
+character. An ancient mansion, built by the family of the Hungerfords,
+in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was repaired and modernized, as to its
+exterior, a few years ago. It belongs, with the manor, to the family of
+Eliot, of Port Eliot, in Cornwall.
+
+[Sidenote: The church built by the Knights Templars.]
+
+
+[B] AMPTHILL is situated between two hills in the centre of the county.
+Here is an obelisk of Portland stone, forming a receptacle for a pump;
+and also a Gothic cross, which was erected in 1744, to the memory of
+Catherine of Arragon, by the Earl of Upper Ossory, who was then
+proprietor of Ampthill Park, at a former period the residence of that
+ill-treated Queen. This park, which lies to the west of the town, is now
+the seat of Lord Holland; it was constituted a royal domain by Henry
+VIII., who conferred a name on the annexed estates, the "Honour of
+Ampthill;" the old castle in which Queen Catherine resided, stood on a
+more elevated ground than the present mansion, which is a magnificent
+structure, with wings, and a flight of steps leading to a handsome hall;
+the park, which is now united with that of Houghton, is spacious, and
+presents several most delightful prospects. At the entrance of Ampthill
+Park there is a pear tree, under which it is reported that Sir Philip
+Sydney wrote a part of his Arcadia.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 6 A.M.. departs 8-1/2 P.M.--_Fairs_, May 4, and
+ November 30, for cattle.--_Inn_, White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Under a pear-tree in Ampthill park Sir Philip Sydney wrote
+part of his Arcadia.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+ 57|Amroth[A] pa|Pembroke |Narbeth 6|Tenby 6|
+ 18|Amwell, Great[B] pa|Hertford |Ware 1|Hoddesdon 3|
+ 18|Amwell, Little chap|Hertford |Ware 1|Hoddesdon 3|
+ 24|Ancaster[C] pa|Lincoln |Grantham 6|Sleaford 8|
+ 13|Ancroft chap|Durham |Berwick 6|Coldstream 10|
+ 24|Anderby pa|Lincoln |Alford 6|Spilsby 10|
+ 32|Anderson, or | | | |
+ | Anderstone pa|Dorset |Blandford 7|Bere Regis 3|
+ 7|Anderton pa|Chester |Northwich 2|Warrington 9|
+ 22|Anderton pa|Lancaster|Wigan 3|Bolton 4|
+ 36|Andover[D] m.t. & pa|Hants |Salisbury 18|Stockbridge 7|
+ +--+--------------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 57|Amroth[A] pa|Llaugharne 10| 251| 654|
+ 18|Amwell, Great[B] pa|Hertford 3| 20| 1321|
+ 18|Amwell, Little chap|Hertford 3| 20| 369|
+ 24|Ancaster[C] pa|Newark 14| 116| 491|
+ 13|Ancroft chap|Wooler 10| 253| 1384|
+ 24|Anderby pa|Saltfleet 12| 142| 217|
+ 32|Anderson, or | | | |
+ | Anderstone pa|Poole 12| 110| 54|
+ 7|Anderton pa||Knutsford 6| 175| 327|
+ 22|Anderton pa|Chorley 5| 201| 343|
+ 36|Andover[D] m.t. & pa|Whitchurch 7| 64| 4843|
+ +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] AMROTH. The castle of Amroth, now modernized, from the house
+formerly called Eare Wear, was in the 15th century, a settlement of the
+Elliott's. The present proprietor is Captain Ackland, by purchase, from
+a female representative of the Elliotts. The most judiciously
+assimilating additions have been made so as to give it every appendage
+of convenience and luxury. The antique porch is nicely preserved. The
+conservatory and grapery are entered from the dining-rooms, which was
+once a vaulted roofed ale cellar, or castle prison. A portion of this
+vault remains unaltered. From the lawn is a beautiful and interesting
+view of Tenby. The church of Amroth, on the road to Ludchurch, is
+situated on a limestone rock, which has been reduced on every side, and
+is remarkable for a curiously disposed tower.
+
+[Sidenote: View of Tenby.]
+
+
+[B] GREAT AMWELL is supposed to have derived its name from Emma's Well,
+a pure water-fountain that issues from a hill, and forms one of the
+sources of the New River. Here is a monument erected by Mr. Milne, to
+the ill-requited Sir Hugh Middleton, in a small islet formed by the said
+river. Sir Hugh, notwithstanding the assistance afforded him by
+Parliament, and the City of London, ruined himself by procuring supplies
+of water to the metropolis. Great mystery envelopes the latter period of
+his life. It is traditionally reported that he retired to the village of
+Kemberton, near Shiffnall, in Shropshire, where he resided some time in
+great indigence, under the assumed name of Raymond, and it is said that
+during such residence he was actually employed in paving the streets.
+The poet Warner, author of "Albion's England," lies interred here. The
+church is situated on an eminence, the picturesque beauty of which has
+been justly celebrated by the admirable poet, usually denominated Scott
+of Amwell, from his residence in the village, and the title of his poem.
+
+[Sidenote: Emma's Well, one of sources of the New River]
+
+[Sidenote: Indigence of Sir Hugh Middleton.]
+
+
+[C] ANCASTER. This parish is situated on the great Roman road, called
+Ermin-street, and bears strong evidence of having been a Roman station;
+many authors unite to fix here the ancient Causennae. It occupies a low
+situation, and at the north end flows a small brook. From the vestiges
+which remain of military works it has certainly been a place of great
+strength. A great number of coins, and other antiquities, have been
+found here in such quantities, as to become a source of considerable
+emolument to the inhabitants of the place; so much so, that at one time
+many became extensive dealers in them. These coins are of various
+Emperors. Several mosaic pavements have also been discovered here. It is
+highly probable from these circumstances, that Ancaster was the Causennae
+of Antoninus. About the town are several quarries of stone, which is
+found very near the surface. Ancaster once gave the title of Duke to the
+head of the Bertie family, but that Dukedom is now extinct.
+
+[Sidenote: Mosaic pavements.]
+
+
+[D] ANDOVER, situated on the river Anton, is supposed to have been the
+Andaoreon of the Romans; and this opinion seems to have been
+countenanced by the remains of several ancient encampments in the
+neighbourhood, and by the Roman road, which runs from Winchester to
+Cirencester, and passes through the town. The antiquity of the
+corporation is as remote as the reign of John, but the present charter
+was granted by Queen Elizabeth; the town is extensive, and two of the
+streets are handsome and wide. There is a spacious town-hall, supported
+by arches, under which the weekly market is held. The church, situated
+at the north of the town, is a large Gothic building, consisting of a
+nave, side aisles, and chancel, with a transept on the north, and a low
+tower rising from the centre; it existed in the time of the Conqueror,
+and is dedicated to St. Mary. Within four miles of the town is held the
+great annual fair of Weyhill, which, as it lasts for a week, causes much
+circulation of money in Andover. In addition to the many small Roman
+encampments in the immediate neighbourhood, there is a very large one on
+the summit of Bury Hill, about two miles to the S.S.W.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 2-3/4 A.M., departs 11-3/4
+ P.M.--_Fairs_, Friday and Saturday after Mid-Lent, for cheese,
+ horses, and leather; May 17, November 13, for sheep, horses, leather,
+ and cheese.--_Bankers_, T. & W. Heath, draw on Masterman and
+ Co.--_Inns_, Star and Garter, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Weyhill Fair.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+
+ 54|Andrew, St. pa|Glamorgan |Cardiff 5|Llandaff 5|
+ 54|Andrew, St. Minor pa|Glamorgan |Cowbridge 3|Bridgend 6|
+ 36|Andrew, St. Ilketshall pa|Suffolk |Bungay 4|Beccles 4|
+ 34|Angersleigh pa|Somerset |Taunton 4|Wellington 4|
+ 29|Angerton (High) to|Northumb |Morpeth 9|Hartburn 1|
+ 29|Angerton, (Low) to|Northumb | ... 9| ... 2|
+ 57|Angle pa|Pembroke |Pembroke 9|Milford by W 6|
+ 47|Anglesey, Isle of[A] |North Wales| | |
+ 22|Anglezarke to|Lancaster |Bolton 6|Chorley 5|
+ +--+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+
+ |Dist.
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 54|Andrew, St. pa|Cowbridge 8| 165| 474|
+ 54|Andrew, St. Minor pa|Cardiff 15| 175| 16|
+ 36|Andrew, St. Ilketshall pa|Halesworth 7| 106| 512|
+ 34|Angersleigh pa|Ilminster 11| 145| 54|
+ 29|Angerton (High) to|Rothbury 12| 290| 64|
+ 29|Angerton, (Low) to| ... 13| 289| 55|
+ 57|Angle pa|The Lightho. 4| 264| 458|
+ 47|Anglesey, Isle of[A] | | | 48328|
+ 22|Anglezarke to|Blackburn 9| 203| 168|
+ +--+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ANGLESEY (Isle and County of), forms one of the six counties of
+North Wales, and is situated at the north western extremity of the
+principality. It is watered on three sides by the Irish sea, and
+separated on the eastern side from Caernarvonshire, by the serpentine
+strait of Menai, from three-quarters to half a mile broad. Its form is
+irregular, being indented with many small bays and creeks, which gave it
+some maritime importance under its native princes. It has received
+numerous appellations from the ancient Britons; the most approved of
+which was Mon, signifying remote, Latinised by the Romans into Mona, the
+"nurse of Wales," from its fruitfulness; and changed by the Saxons into
+Angles-ey, or the Englishman's Island. It was the principal
+establishment of the Druids in Britain, until this island was invaded by
+the Romans, A.D. 59, under Suetonius Paulinus, who ordered their groves
+to be cut down, and stationed a garrison to insure obedience. The
+climate of Anglesey is mild, and the sea-breezes render the weather more
+temperate here than in the other counties of North Wales, although from
+the same cause it is less clear: that portion of the island which
+borders on the Menai, the site of the terrific Druidical groves, is
+richly wooded. The interior, on the contrary, owing to the great
+scarcity of fuel, has been rendered nearly devoid of wood; and the
+greater part of the island possesses little of hill and dale beyond a
+gentle and undiversified undulation of surface; its general aspect is
+uninviting and cheerless. The land, however, is good, and under proper
+management very productive, as respects both tillage and pasturage.
+About 25,000 head of black cattle (exclusive of sheep and hogs), are
+annually supplied to the English market, where they are much admired for
+their flavour and tenderness, occasioned by the short bite of the
+pasturage on which they feed. Before the erection of the suspension
+bridge, the passage of the numerous droves of cattle at the five
+authorized ferries of the Menai, was a very extraordinary sight; they
+were made to swim over, guided by the drovers in boats. Butter, cheese,
+hides, tallow, wax, and honey, form also great articles of trade here;
+throughout the island there are but few manufactures of any importance.
+The shore abounds in some of the most highly prized marine productions,
+and is especially celebrated for the variety and beauty of its sea
+shells. Anglesey is as interesting to the antiquary, as to the natural
+philosopher. The ancient British vestiges are very numerous; comprising
+no less than twenty-eight cromlechs, or Druidical altars, together with
+circles, monumental stones, entrenchments, and other remains of a
+similar description, both British and Roman, which will receive
+attention in their proper places; several of the parish churches (of
+which the whole, seventy-four, stand near the coast), with various
+monastic remains, also deserve examination on the score of antiquity.
+Mona, now Anglesey, was the chief seat of the Druids, A.D. 59. Suetonius
+Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, was invested with the command of an
+army, and prepared to signalize his name by victories over those
+barbarians. Finding this island the chief seat of the Druids, he
+resolved to attack it, and bring into subjection a place which was the
+centre of their superstition, and which afforded protection to all their
+baffled forces. The Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this
+sacred island, both by the force of their arms, and the terrors of their
+religion. The women and priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon
+the shore; and running about with flaming torches in their hands, and
+tossing their disheveled hair, they struck greater terror into the
+astonished Romans by their howlings, cries and execrations, than the
+real danger from the armed forces was able to inspire. But Suetonius,
+exhorting his troops to disregard the menaces of a superstition which he
+despised, impelled them to the attack, drove the Britons off the field,
+burned the Druids in the same fires which those priests had prepared for
+their captive enemies; destroyed all their consecrated groves and
+altars--and having thus triumphed over the religion of the Britons, he
+thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the people to
+subjection; but in this expectation he was disappointed. The
+circumference of the island is seventy-six miles. The sea-passage from
+Holyhead to Dublin, is about sixty miles, which is now traversed by
+steam packets daily. Next to agriculture, and the rearing of cattle,
+mining affords most employment to the labouring population; a great
+number of persons are also engaged in fishing and catching wild-fowl,
+round the coast. It comprises 200,000 acres of land.
+
+[Sidenote: Originally the principal establishment of the Druids.]
+
+[Sidenote: Annual exportation of cattle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prized for its marine productions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Invasion of the Romans]
+
+[Sidenote: The Druids burnt in the fires they had prepared for their
+enemies.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ 37 |Agmering pa|Sussex |L. Hampton 4|Arundel 4|
+ 46 |Angram to|N.R. York |Tadcaster 3|Wetherby 7|
+ 43 |Angram Grange to|N.R. York |Easingwold 4|Thirsk 7|
+ 29 |Anick to|Northumb |Hexham 2|Corbridge 3|
+ 29 |Anick Grange to|Northumb | ... 2| ... 3|
+ 46 |Anlaby to|E.R. York |Hull 4|Beverley 7|
+ 27 |Anmer pa|Norfolk |Castle Rising 6|Burnham M. 10|
+ 30 |Annesley pa|Nottingham|Mansfield 6|Nottingham 10|
+ 39 |Ansley[A] pa|Warwick |Nuneaton 5|Atherstone 3|
+ 35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Stafford |Burton-on-T. 3|Uttoxeter 9|
+ +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+--------------------------+-------------+
+ 37 |Agmering pa|Steyning 8| 58| 928|
+ 46 |Angram to|York 6| 194| 67|
+ 43 |Angram Grange to|Borobridge 11| 217| 28|
+ 29 |Anick to|Newcastle 18| 278| 163|
+ 29 |Anick Grange to| ... 18| 278| 36|
+ 46 |Anlaby to|South Cave 7| 171| |
+ 27 |Anmer pa|Lynn 11| 106| 132|
+ 30 |Annesley pa|Newsted Ab. 3| 134| 402|
+ 39 |Ansley[A] pa|Coventry 9| 101| 773|
+ 35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Abbots Brom 8| 128| 270|
+ +--+----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in
+1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial
+seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park,
+rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected
+with the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited
+it in 1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:--
+
+ Beneath this stony roof reclined,
+ I sooth to peace my pensive mind.
+
+On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a
+monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796.
+Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture,
+and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.
+
+[Sidenote: A hermitage and Chinese temple.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ 18|Anstey[A] pa|Herts |Barkway 3|Buntingford 4|
+ 23|Anstey chap|Leicester |Leicester 4|Mount Sorrel 5|
+ 39|Anstey pa|Warwick |Coventry 5|Nuneaton 6|
+ 41|Anstey pa|Wilts |Hindon 5|Shaftesbury 6|
+ 11|Anstey, East pa|Devon |Dulverton 3|S. Moulton 10|
+ 11|Anstey, West pa|Devon | ... 4| ... 9|
+ 45|Anston to & pa|W.R. York |Worksop 6|Tickhill 7|
+ 8|Anthony, St. pa|Cornwall |Falmouth 5|Helston 8|
+ 8|Anthony, St. pa|Cornwall |St. Mawes 2|Falmouth 3|
+ 27|Antingham pa|Norfolk |N. Walsham 3|Cromer 6|
+ 8|Anthony, West, or St.| | | |
+ | Jacobs[B] pa|Cornwall |Devonport 4|Saltash 4|
+ 7|Antrobus to|Chester |Northwich 4|Warrington 8|
+ 24|Anwick pa|Lincoln |Sleaford 5|Tattershall 8|
+ 28|Apethorpe chap|Northamp |Wandesford 4|Stamford 7|
+ 24|Apley chap|Lincoln |Wragby 2|Lincoln 10|
+ 15|Apperley ham|Gloucester|Tewkesbury 4|Cheltenham 6|
+ 24|Appleby[C] pa|Lincoln |Glandford B. 7|Burton 5|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 18|Anstey[A] pa|Stocking Pel. 4| 33| 417|
+ 23|Anstey chap|Loughboro' 8| 100| 850|
+ 39|Anstey pa|Rugby 10| 93| 268|
+ 41|Anstey pa|Wilton 9| 95| 348|
+ 11|Anstey, East pa|Bampton 6| 169| 166|
+ 11|Anstey, West pa| ... 7| 169| 226|
+ 45|Anston to & pa|Sheffield 10| 152| 776|
+ 8|Anthony, St. pa|Lizard Point 12| 275| 300|
+ 8|Anthony, St. pa|Truro 9| 270| 144|
+ 27|Antingham pa|Aylesham 6| 126| 248|
+ 8|Anthony, West, or St.| | | |
+ | Jacobs[B] pa|St. Germains 3| 123| 3099|
+ 7|Antrobus to|Frodsham 11| 179| 476|
+ 24|Anwick pa|Metheringh 9| 120| 235|
+ 28|Apethorpe chap|Oundle 6| 84| 297|
+ 24|Apley chap|Horncastle 12| 143| 152|
+ 15|Apperley ham|Glocester 6| 104| 401|
+ 24|Appleby[C] pa|Barton 8| 163| 517|
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the
+reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of
+keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time
+of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat
+surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional
+works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle
+of the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as
+traditionally reported, of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road
+called Ermine Street, passes through this village.
+
+[Sidenote: Ruins of a Castle.]
+
+
+[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West Anthony,
+formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. East
+Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, M.P., is
+situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon
+Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished by
+Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a
+respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard
+Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a
+hammer suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well
+deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family,
+there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a brass plate, beneath
+an elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady
+of the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander
+Carew, a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of
+the county, at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the
+measures of the court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the
+command of St. Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them
+into the King's possession; but the design being discovered to the
+Parliament, he was suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and
+there the women were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty
+he was rescued from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea
+to London, where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a
+court-martial, was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23,
+1644. WEST ANTHONY, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing
+village, which has risen into importance from its proximity to the towns
+of Devonport, Plymouth and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of
+the officers connected with the dockyards and navy at these important
+towns. Near this place is Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of
+that title; it is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, near the
+sea, and being a much admired stroll for the inhabitants of, and
+visitors to Plymouth.
+
+[Sidenote: Mount Edgecomb.]
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Carew family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir A. Crew beheaded.]
+
+
+[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in the wolds
+near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near
+Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small
+burden. That very ancient British road--the Ermine-street--passes
+through the village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the
+Romans; it enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving
+nearly a due northerly direction, passing through the city of Lincoln,
+continues its course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a
+great height, and is in some places seven yards in breadth.
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
+ 10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Derb. & Leic.|Ashby 6|M. Bosworth 7|
+ 40|Appleby[B] m.t. & pa| Westmor |Brough 8|Penrith 14|
+ +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Atherstone 7| 112| 1150|
+ 40|Appleby[B] m.t. & pa|Orton 9| 270| 1459|
+ +--+------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of
+Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school
+for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.
+
+
+[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is
+almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy the
+site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town since
+the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen,
+and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest for any sum
+without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives to Parliament,
+but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has many times been
+assailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it suffered
+seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered its
+former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad
+street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of
+which stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon
+origin; and at the lower end the parish church. The ancient market
+houses or cloisters, were pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic
+building, erected by Smirke, in their stead. Here are also a town-hall
+and gaol; and at each end of the town stands a stone obelisk or cross.
+Appleby received charters from Hen. II., John, and Hen. III., all which
+were given up to James II., since which period it has subsisted as a
+borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, a manorial residence in
+this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated record, the
+mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually alienated it to
+the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at present
+neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, with
+three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot.
+Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be
+noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de
+Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of
+Ossory, in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College,
+Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was
+vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out,
+and sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as
+Diogenes did, from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should
+want. Here is a free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to
+all the children of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the
+Master; and also five scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at
+Queen's College, Oxford, and entitled to participate in five exhibitions
+of L60. per annum at the same college, on the foundation of Lady
+Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital for thirteen widows, founded by the
+celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, heiress of the
+Cliffords, the possessors of the castle for several centuries; by the
+marriage of whose eldest daughter it became the property of the family
+of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main portion of the present castle which
+is of a square form, was built in 1686 out of the ruins of a part of the
+former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby Castle survived the attacks
+of the Parliamentary Army, under the influence of its owner, the
+aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to yield in 1648. The church
+of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by the same spirited lady,
+contains a noble monument to her memory. The market is one of the best
+supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however possesses but little
+trade, and no manufacture of importance.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday--_Mail_ arrives at 1-1/2 A.M., departs 11-3/4
+ P.M.--_Fairs_, October 7 and 8, for sheep, &c; November 24, for
+ sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by the Scots.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent characters born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Appleby castle.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+ 11|Appledore pa|Devon |Bideford 2|Torrington 11|
+ 21|Appledore[A] m.t. & pa|Kent |Tenterden 4|New Romney 7|
+ 38|Appledram pa|Sussex |Chichester 2|Portsmouth 16|
+ 16|Appledurcombe ham|Hants |Newport 6|Niton 3|
+ 5|Appleford chap|Berks |Abingdon 4|Dorchester 3|
+ 16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Hants |Ludgershall 4|Andover 5|
+ 40|Applethwaite[C] to|Westmor |Ambleside 5|Bowness 3|
+ 4|Appleton[D] to & pa|Berks |Abingdon 5|Oxford 6|
+ 22|Appleton to|Lancashire|Warrington 7|Prescot 5|
+ 44|Appleton to|N.R. York |Catterick 3|Richmond 4|
+ 43|Appleton-le-Moors to|N.R. York |Pickering 5|Kirkby 3|
+ 43|Appleton-le-Street to|N.R. York |New Malton 4|Pickering 7|
+ 46|Appleton Roebuck to|N.R. York |York 7|Selby 8|
+ 44|Appleton on Wisk to|N.R. York |Yarm 7|Northallerton 7|
+ 30|Appletree ham|Northamp |Banbury 7|Daventry 10|
+ 44|Appletrewick[E] to|N.R. York |Skipton 8|Settle 16|
+ +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+ 11|Appledore pa|Barnstaple 7| 204| 1450|
+ 21|Appledore[A] m.t. & pa|Rye 6| 61| 698|
+ 38|Appledram pa|Petersfield 13| 64| 188|
+ 16|Appledurcombe ham|Shanklin 3| 91| ...|
+ 5|Appleford chap|Wallingford 6| 52| 179|
+ 16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Salisbury 13| 68| 355|
+ 40|Applethwaite[C] to|Kendall 8| 270| 417|
+ 4|Appleton[D] to & pa|Wantage 10| 61| 447|
+ 22|Appleton to|Liverpool 11| 195| 1439|
+ 44|Appleton to|Bedale 6| 228| 83|
+ 43|Appleton-le-Moors to|Helmsley 8| 231| 269|
+ 43|Appleton-le-Street to|York 18| 218| 860|
+ 46|Appleton Roebuck to|Tadcaster 5| 189| 638|
+ 44|Appleton on Wisk to|Darlington 11| 232| 553|
+ 30|Appletree ham|Southam 9| 77| 83|
+ 44|Appletrewick[E] to|Burnsall 1| 224| 425|
+ +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the
+hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime
+consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly
+inhabited by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is
+very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort,
+which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the
+year 893.
+
+ _Market_. Tuesday.--_Fairs_. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle
+ and pedlery.
+
+[Sidenote: Principally inhabited by Graziers.]
+
+
+[B] APPLESHAW.--Great Show Fair, Friday and Saturday before Weyhill
+Fair. Nov. 4 and 5, all for sheep.
+
+
+[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere
+belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject only to
+a tithe of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who makes
+composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. The red
+char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the lakes
+of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets
+during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to
+different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand
+regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families
+of the first distinction.
+
+[Sidenote: Lake of Winandermere.]
+
+[Sidenote: Grand Regatta.]
+
+
+[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician
+and chemist, Edmund Dickinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20
+years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published
+a work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian
+Apollo, and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy
+Scriptures. In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed
+Physician to Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the
+doctrine of the Transmutation of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of
+which is to prove, "that the method and mode of the creation of the
+universe, (according to the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly
+and concisely laid down by Moses." He died in 1707.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of the learned Edmund Dickinson]
+
+
+[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the founder
+of the noble House of Craven, who by his industry and good conduct arose
+from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of London--a proof
+of the advantages attendant on industry.
+
+[Sidenote: House of Craven.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
+ 4|Arborfield[A] to|Berks |Wokingham 5|Swallowfield 3|
+ 22|Arbury to|Lancaster|Newton 3|Warrington 2|
+ 7|Arclid to|Chester |Sandbach 2|Congleton 5|
+ 45|Arden to|W.R. York|Thirsk 10|Stokesley 11|
+ 38|Ardingley[B] pa|Sussex |Cuckfield 4|E. Grinstead 7|
+ 4|Ardington pa|Berks |Wantage 3|Abingdon 8|
+ 14|Ardleigh pa|Essex |Colchester 5|Manningtree 4|
+ 31|Ardley pa|Oxford |Bicester 4|Middleton 3|
+ 45|Ardsley to|W.R. York|Barnsley 2|Wakefield 11|
+ 45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|W.R. York|Wakefield 5|Leeds 6|
+ +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|Popul
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|-ation.
+ +--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+ 4|Arborfield[A] to|Reading 4| 36| 268|
+ 22|Arbury to|Liverpool 18| 186| 280|
+ 7|Arclid to|Middlewich 6| 162| 79|
+ 45|Arden to|Kirkby 10| 227| 130|
+ 38|Ardingley[B] pa|Crawley 7| 33| 587|
+ 4|Ardington pa|East Ilsley 7| 57| 404|
+ 14|Ardleigh pa|Dedham 2| 56| 1545|
+ 31|Ardley pa|Aynhoe 5| 58| 170|
+ 45|Ardsley to|Rotherham 8| 172| 1029|
+ 45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|Huddersfield 11| 187| 2303|
+ +--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the
+church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the
+Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of
+the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family
+was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly
+Mogg.
+
+ _Fair_, October 5, cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Molly Mogg.]
+
+
+[B] ARDINGLEY. In the parish church are several monuments of the ancient
+families of the Wakehursts and Culpeppers; one of which is a tomb to the
+memory of Nicholas Culpepper and his lady, who died in the beginning of
+the sixteenth century. This monument bears his portraiture with that of
+his wife and eighteen children. Nicholas Culpepper, the celebrated
+herbalist and astrologer, was born in London in 1616, and after
+receiving his education at the university of Cambridge, was apprenticed
+to an apothecary. He came to London and settled in Spitalfields about
+1642. He commenced a war with the College of Physicians, by accusing
+them of deceit and ignorance, and published a translation of their
+"Dispensary," giving an account of the supposed virtues of each drug,
+and the complaints in which they were used. He was also author of the
+"Herbal," which is written with much clearness, and distinctly
+explained. It passed through many editions. From the tenor of his
+writings, it may be gathered that he joined or at least favoured the
+Jesuits.
+
+ _Fair_, May 30, Pedlary.
+
+[Sidenote: Culpepper, the herbalist and astrologer.]
+
+
+[C] ARDSLEY. The birth place of James Nayler, a Quaker, who was
+remarkable both on account of the extravagance of the delusions which
+for some time possessed him and his followers, and the excessive
+severity of the punishment which was inflicted upon him. He was the son
+of an industrious little farmer, who supported his family by the
+cultivation of his own estate. About the age of twenty-two he married,
+and removed into the parish of Wakefield, where he continued till the
+breaking out of the civil wars in 1641. He then entered into the
+parliament army, and served as a soldier eight or nine years, at first
+under Lord Fairfax, and afterwards as quarter-master in major-general
+Lambert's troop in Scotland; till, being disabled by sickness, he
+returned home about the year 1649. At this time he was a member of the
+Independent party, and continued so till the year 1651, when the
+preaching of George Fox made him a convert to the communion of the
+Quakers, as they are called. Among them he soon commenced preacher, and,
+according to their judgment, acquitted himself well both in speaking and
+writing.
+
+[Sidenote: J. Nayler, the Quaker, a remarkable fanatic;]
+
+[Sidenote: becomes a soldier.]
+
+In the beginning of the following year he imagined he heard a voice,
+calling upon him to renounce his kindred and his father's house, and go
+into the west, promising that God would be with him. In obedience to
+this voice, which he believed to be the voice of God, he went about
+preaching from place to place, and greatly increased the numbers of the
+new sect. Towards the close of the year 1654, or early in 1655, he came
+to London, where he found a meeting of Friends which had been
+established by Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill, among whom he so
+greatly distinguished himself by his preaching, that many drew invidious
+comparisons between him and his brethren, which created uneasiness and
+differences in the society. To such a length did these proceed, that
+some women, admirers of Nayler, assumed the liberty of interrupting and
+disputing with Howgill and Burrough in the midst of their preachings,
+and thus disturbed the peace of the meetings. For this conduct they were
+reproved by these preachers; upon which they complained so loudly and
+passionately to Nayler, that he was weak enough to take their part, and
+was so intoxicated with their flattering praises, that he became
+estranged from his best friends, who strongly disapproved of and
+lamented his conduct. In the year 1658 we find him in Devonshire, where
+he was committed to Exeter jail for propagating his opinions. Here he
+received letters from some of his female admirers and others, written in
+the most extravagant strains, calling him the everlasting Son of
+righteous--the Prince of peace--the only begotten Son of God--the
+fairest among ten thousand, &c., and some of his followers kneeled
+before him in the prison, and kissed his feet. It is but justice,
+however, to the Quakers in general to mention, that they had now
+disowned Nayler and his adherents.
+
+[Sidenote: Committed to Exeter Jail for blasphemy.]
+
+Soon afterwards Nayler was released from imprisonment, and intended to
+return to London, but, taking Bristol in his way, as he passed through
+Glastonbury and Wells, his deluded attendants strewed their garments
+before him. When they came to Bedminster, about a mile from Bristol,
+they carried their extravagance to the highest pitch; for they formed a
+procession in imitation of our Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem, in
+which a man walked bare-headed before Nayler, and a woman led his horse,
+while other women spread their scarfs and hankerchiefs in the road, and
+the company sung, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God of hosts; Hosanna in
+the highest! holy, holy is the Lord God of Israel!" In this manner these
+mad people made their entrance into Bristol, marching through the mire
+and dirt, to the amazement of some, and the diversion of others; but the
+magistrates thought proper to interfere, and, after what had passed,
+committed them to prison. Soon afterwards they were sent to London and a
+committee was appointed by parliament to examine witnesses against
+Nayler, upon a charge of blasphemy, for admitting religious worship to
+be paid ti him, and for assuming the names and incommunicable titles and
+attributes of our blessed Saviour. Before the committee, he did not deny
+what was alleged concerning the extraordinary proceeding in Exeter jail,
+and at his entrance into Bristol; while defending himself by maintaining
+that the honours which he received were not shown to him, but to Christ
+who dwelt within him; and if they were offered to any other than to
+Christ, he disowned them.
+
+[Sidenote: Extravagant conduct of his admirers.]
+
+However, the committee having made a report to the house on the fifth of
+December, declaring the charge well founded, on the following day he was
+sent for, and heard at the bar; and on the eighth they resolved that
+"James Nayler is guilty of horrid blasphemy, and that he is a grand
+impostor, and a great seducer of the people." The next business to be
+determined on was, the nature of the punishment to be inflicted on him;
+which occupied the debate of the house, both on forenoons and
+afternoons, till the 16th of December, many members being for putting
+him to death, (and losing their vote, as secretary Thurloe informs us,
+only by fourteen voices,) while many other members totally disapproved
+of the severity which was used against him. At length, on the following
+day, after a considerable debate, the majority came to the resolution,
+"That James Nayler be set in the pillory, in the Palace-yard,
+Westminster, during the space of two hours, on Thursday next; and be
+whipt by the hangman through the streets from Westminster to the Old
+Exchange, and there likewise be set with his head in the pillory, for
+the space of two hours, between the hours of eleven and one on Saturday
+next; in each place wearing a paper, containing an inscription of his
+crimes: And that at the Old Exchange, his tongue be bored through with a
+hot iron; and that he be there also stigmatized in the forehead with the
+letter B: That he be afterwards sent to Bristol, and be conveyed into
+and through the said city on horseback, with his face backward, and
+there also publicly whipt the next market-day after he comes thither:
+And that from thence he be committed to prison in Bridewell, London, and
+there to labour hard till he be released by parliament; and, during that
+time, be debarred the use of pen, ink, and paper, and shall have no
+relief but what he earns by his daily labour."
+
+[Sidenote: Condemned by the House of Commons for blasphemy.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cruel sentence--his tongue bored with a hot iron.]
+
+On the eighteenth of December, the first part of it was carried into
+execution with the greatest rigour; but he was brought into a state of
+such extreme weakness by his cruel whipping, that, upon repeated
+applications to the parliament, his punishment was respited for one
+week. The Protector was then addressed, and wrote a letter to the house,
+which, though it occasioned some debate, obtained no resolution in
+favour of the prisoner. On this the petitioners presented a second
+address to Cromwell; but, it is said the influence of the ministers
+prevented its effect.
+
+[Sidenote: His punishment respited]
+
+On the twenty-seventh of December, the remainder of Nayler's sentence
+was executed at the Old Exchange. Afterwards he was sent to Bristol,
+where he was publicly whipt, from the middle of Thomas-street, over the
+bridge to Broad-street. From Bristol, he was brought back to Bridewell,
+London, where he was confined about two years; during which his mind
+recovered from the frenzy which had governed it, and he felt deep
+humiliation and sincere repentance on account of his past conduct.
+
+After the protector's death, Nayler was released from prison, and went
+to Bristol, where, in a public meeting, he made a confession of his
+offence and fall, in a manner so affecting as to draw tears from most of
+those who were present, and having afforded satisfactory evidence of his
+unfeigned contrition, was again received into the communion of his
+friends.
+
+[Sidenote: His contrition and death.]
+
+Nayler did not long survive his enlargement, for having left London in
+October 1660, with the intention of going home to his wife and children
+at Wakefield, he was taken ill in Huntingdonshire, where, it is said, he
+was robbed and left bound in a field. Whether he received any personal
+injury is not known, but being found towards evening by a countryman, he
+was carried to a friend's house, at Holm, near King's Ripon, where he
+expired in the month of December, when about 44 years of age. The
+expressions uttered by him about two hours before his death, both in
+justice to his name, which is so conspicuous in the history of the
+reveries of the human imagination, and on account of their own
+excellence, ought not to be omitted in the memoirs of his life.
+
+"There is a spirit which I feel," said he, "that delights to do no evil,
+nor to revenge any wrong, but delights to endure all things, in hopes to
+enjoy its own in the end. Its hope is to outlive all wrath and
+contention, and to weary out all exaltation and cruelty, or whatever is
+of a nature contrary to itself. It sees to the end of all temptation: as
+it bears no evil in itself, so it conceives none in thoughts to any
+other. If it be betrayed, it bears it, for its ground and spring is the
+mercies and forgiveness of God. Its crown is meekness, its life is
+everlasting love unfeigned, and takes its kingdom with entreaty and not
+with contention, and keeps it by lowliness of mind."
+
+His writings were collected together, and published in an octavo volume
+in 1716.
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ 22|Ardwick chap|Lancaster|Manchester 1|Stockport 6|
+ 42|Areley, Kings pa|Worcester|Bewdley 4|Kiddermin. 5|
+ 35|Areley, Upper pa|Worcester|Bewdley 3|Kiddermin. 5|
+ 46|Argam pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 5|Hunmanby 3|
+ 45|Arkendale chap|W.R. York|Knaresboro' 3|Boro'bridge 4|
+ +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 22|Ardwick chap|Ashton 6| 182| 5524|
+ 42|Areley, Kings pa|Worcester 11| 122| 372|
+ 35|Areley, Upper pa|Stourbridge 10| 131| 735|
+ 46|Argam pa|Gt. Driffield 12| 211| 29|
+ 45|Arkendale chap|Ripley 6| 203| 260|
+ +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ 45|Arkengarth-Dale[A] |W.R. York |Richmond 11|Askrigg 7|
+ 14|Arkesden pa|Essex |Saff. Walden 7|Chesterford 7|
+ 23|Arkholm to & chap|Lancaster |Kirby Lonsd 5|Lancaster 10|
+ 45|Arksey pa|W.R. York |Doncaster 2|Thorne 8|
+ 9|Arlecdon pa|Cumberland|Whitehaven 5|Workington 7|
+ 39|Arfey pa|Warwick |Nuneaton 6|Atherstone 6|
+ 16|Arlingham pa|Gloucester|Newnham 3|Gloucester 12|
+ 11|Arlington pa|Devon |Barnstaple 6|Ilfracomb 8|
+ 15|Arlington to|Gloucester|Fairford 4|Cirencester 6|
+ 38|Arlington pa|Sussex |Hailsham 4|Lewes 9|
+ 3|Arlsey[B] pa|Bedford |Baldock 4|Shefford 3|
+ 9|Armathwaite[C] chap|Cumberland|Carlisle 10|Kirk Oswald 5|
+ 46|Armin chap|W.R. York |Snaith 6|Howde 3|
+ 27|Armingall pa|Norfolk |Norwich 3|Bungay 12|
+ 35|Armitage[D] pa|Stafford |Rugeley 2|Abbots Brom 5|
+ 45|Armley[E] to|W.R. York |Leeds 2|Bradford 7|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+ 45|Arkengarth-Dale[A] |Reeth 3| 245| 1446|
+ 14|Arkesden pa|Royston 7| 40| 490|
+ 23|Arkholm to & chap|Burton 4| 250| 349|
+ 45|Arksey pa|Tickhill 8| 164| 1171|
+ 9|Arlecdon pa|Buttermere 9| 299| 475|
+ 39|Arfey pa|Coleshill 6| 100| 270|
+ 16|Arlingham pa|Stroudwater 11| 120| 744|
+ 11|Arlington pa|S. Molton 12| 193| 235|
+ 15|Arlington to|Northleach 7| 85| 333|
+ 38|Arlington pa|East Bourne 7| 62| 727|
+ 3|Arlsey[B] pa|Hitchen 6| 41| 689|
+ 9|Armathwaite[C] chap|Penrith 9| 292| ...|
+ 46|Armin chap|Thorne 9| 175| 567|
+ 27|Armingall pa|Blofield 6| 120| 88|
+ 35|Armitage[D] pa|Lichfield 6| 124| 977|
+ 45|Armley[E] to|Wakefield 9| 192| 5159|
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ARKENGARTH-DALE contains lead mines, which were worked in the reign
+of King John, and they are still so valuable, that a few years ago the
+produce was estimated at 2000 tons annually; the inhabitants are chiefly
+miners.
+
+[Sidenote: Valuable lead mines.]
+
+
+[B] ARLSEY, or ARSLEY. This village was anciently a market town. In
+"Doomsday Book," (a book made by order of William the Conqueror, in
+which all the estates of the kingdom were registered;) its market on
+Wednesday is recorded, and the tolls valued at 10s. per annum. A fair
+was held here so long past as the year 1270; but both the market and
+fair have long been disused. An ancient entrenchment near the road to
+Baldock, called Etonbury, was probably the original site of the castle
+occupied by the Lords of the Manor. This castle appears to have a place
+of considerable strength. Amongst the ancient monuments in the church is
+one erected to the memory of Richard Edwards, who is called on his
+epitaph, the last Grand Reader of the Temple.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient entrenchment.]
+
+
+[C] ARMATHWAITE. Near this village is a castle, situated on the of the
+delightful river Eden, in a deep vale; the building from its monastic
+gloom, appears rather to have been calculated for seclusion than
+security. The front has been modernized, and is built of hewn stone. Its
+antiquity has not been ascertained, certain it is the Skeltons resided
+here as early as the reign of Henry VIII. The most romantic and
+picturesque scenery surrounds this lovely spot. A magnificent hill
+throws its solemn shade on the tranquil surface of the river, here
+broadened into a lake like form. Amongst other grand masses of rock is a
+projecting crag of a bold and grotesque form called the Cat Glent, the
+rendezvous of many wild inhabitants of the feline tribe; beyond these is
+a mill and a few sequestered cottages. From this spot the river Eden is
+no longer tranquil, but rushing down a cataract pours in sonorous
+violence over a bed of opposing rock, whose immovable crags whirl the
+stream into eddies as it passes them in its fury. Near this place a
+nunnery was established by William Rufus, who like other profligates,
+"trembled amidst his impiety," and was willing enough to secure a chance
+of heaven, provided it could be obtained by any other means than
+virtuous practice. At the dissolution of Monasteries, owing to the
+frequent hostilities between the Scots and English, their income
+amounted to only 18 guineas per annum.
+
+[Sidenote: Rendezvous of wild cats]
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery founded by William II.]
+
+
+[D] ARMITAGE is situated on the river Soar, in the hundred of Offlow,
+South, including the hamlet of Handsacre. The entrance to the church is
+very curiously built in the Saxon style, and the chapel is separated
+from the nave by a handsome arch. The Grand Trunk Canal passes through a
+very noble subterraneous cavern or tunnel, in this parish. The town
+received its name from having been the residence of a hermit.
+
+[Sidenote: A remarkable tunnel.]
+
+
+[E] ARMLEY. This township is in the parish of St. Patrick, and the
+liberty of Leeds. It is situated on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool
+Canal, and of the river Aire, on which there are a number of mills
+employed in various branches of the clothing trade. An object once of
+great antiquarian curiosity, called Giants Hill, which was a Danish
+fortification, is now scarcely traceable, in consequence of its having
+been cut through to form the Leeds and Liverpool canal.
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ 42|Armscott ham|Worcester |Shipston 3|Evesham 10|
+ 28|Armston ham|Northamp |Oundle 3|Thrapston 7|
+ 45|Armthorpe pa|W.R. York |Doncaster 3|Thorne 7|
+ 45|Arncliffe to & pa|W.R. York |Settle 9|Askrigg 12|
+ 31|Arncott vill|Oxford |Bicester 3|Oxford 17|
+ 12|Arne pa|Dorset |Wareham 5|Poole 5|
+ 23|Arnesby pa|Leicester |Leicester 8|Lutterworth 9|
+ 30|Arnold pa|Nottingham|Nottingham 4|Mansfield 10|
+ 16|Arreton pa|Hants |Newport 3|Ryde 6|
+ 6|Arrington[A] pa|Cambridge |Caxton 5|Cambridge 11|
+ 7|Arrow to|Chester |Great Neston 6|Liverpool 5|
+ 39|Arrow to & pa|Warwick |Alcester 1|Stratford 8|
+ 45|Arthington to|W.R. York |Otley 5|Wetherby 9|
+ 28|Arthingworth pa|Northamp |Harborough 5|Rothwell 4|
+ 9|Arthuret[B] pa|Cumberland|Longtown 1|Gretna Green 4|
+ 37|Arlington ti|Surrey |Guildford 1|Godalming 3|
+ 38|Arundel[C] bo to & pa|Sussex |Chichester 10|Bognor 7|
+ 26|Arvans, St. to & pa|Monmouth |Chepstow 3|Tintern Abb. 3|
+ +--+----------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 42|Armscott ham|Alcester 13| 86| 130|
+ 28|Armston ham|Peterboro' 13| 77| 25|
+ 45|Armthorpe pa|Bawtry 7| 162| 368|
+ 45|Arncliffe to & pa|Middleham 15| 231| 964|
+ 31|Arncott vill|Woodstock 11| 54| ...|
+ 12|Arne pa|Corfe Castle 5| 110| 171|
+ 23|Arnesby pa|Harborough 10| 93| 442|
+ 30|Arnold pa|Oxton 4| 128| 4054|
+ 16|Arreton pa|Niton 7| 83| 1864|
+ 6|Arrington[A] pa|Royston 11| 49| 254|
+ 7|Arrow to|Chester 18| 200| 91|
+ 39|Arrow to & pa|Henley in Ar. 8| 103| 466|
+ 45|Arthington to|Leeds 7| 198| 360|
+ 28|Arthingworth pa|Northamp 11| 77| 225|
+ 9|Arthuret[B] pa|Carlisle 7| 310| 2903|
+ 37|Arlington ti|Farnham 10| 31| ...|
+ 38|Arundel[C] bo to & pa|Worthing. 10| 55| 2803|
+ 26|Arvans, St. to & pa|Monmouth 10| 138| 304|
+ +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ARRINGTON. This village was anciently called Ermington. It is near
+Lord Hardwicke's Park. At this place, in the year 1721, the skeletons of
+sixteen human bodies were found in digging for a water course, within
+two feet of the surface of the ground. Some pieces of iron much rusted,
+conjectured to have been pieces of swords were also found. It is
+supposed the skeletons were the remains of persons who had been killed
+in endeavouring to obtain possession of the pass over the river Cam,
+during the civil wars.
+
+[Sidenote: Sixteen skeletons found here.]
+
+
+[B] ARTHURET. This village is situated on a point of land which in early
+times was said to have been called Arthur's Head, from whence the name
+is derived. In this place was both born and buried, Archibald Armstrong,
+Jester to both King James I., and Charles I. By an incident suitable to
+his profession, his funeral took place on "All Fools Day," the first of
+April. He was banished the court for speaking too freely of Archbishop
+Laud's measure of introducing the Liturgy into Scotland, which had
+produced a considerable tumult. On the arrival of the news of these
+riots in England, Archy facetiously asked his grace, "Who's the fool
+now." The joke was bitterly resented by the prelate, who procured an
+order of council to banish him from the court, for speaking
+disrespectful words of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This parish is
+bounded partly by Solway Frith, and forms part of the debateable lands
+so celebrated in Scottish history; these lands and the celebrated Solway
+Moss, we shall have occasion to speak further of in the course of the
+work.
+
+[Sidenote: A merry jester buried on "All Fool's Day."]
+
+
+[C] ARUNDEL, is situated on the declivity of a hill, on the north bank
+of the river Arun, over which there is a bridge. It consists of two
+principal streets, one of which runs north and south, and the other
+westward from the point of the union. Many of the houses are built in
+the castellated style. The church, situated at the north end of the
+town, originally belonged to a priory of Benedictines, and is supposed
+to have been founded soon after the conquest of Roger de Montgomery,
+Earl of Arundel. It is a handsome gothic building with transepts, from
+the centre of which rises a square tower, with a wooden spire. Some
+beautiful monuments of the Earls of Arundel may be seen; and one, more
+magnificent than the rest, is of alabaster, a calcareous earth, which
+differs from marble, in being combined not with carbonic, but with
+sulphuric acid. This monument is erected to the memory of Thomas
+Fitz-Alan, and Beatrice, his countess, a daughter of John, King of
+Portugal. The charter by which the town is governed, was granted by
+Queen Elizabeth. It formerly sent two members, but by the Reform Bill,
+it now sends but one; the ten pound householders are calculated at 380.
+The borough comprises the parish of Arundel and the returning officer is
+the mayor. Here was formerly a harbour sufficient to contain vessels of
+one hundred tons burthen, but it has suffered great damage by the sea.
+Great quantities of timber for ship building, are still shipped from
+this place, which has but little trade, yet it is much benefitted in
+summer by the numerous visitors who resort to it for sea bathing. Of the
+castle, which stands on the north-east side of the town, mention is
+first made in the will of King Alfred, who bequeathed it, with the town,
+to his nephew Adhelm. A popular tradition ascribes the foundation of it
+to Beris, "a giant of ancient times," in confirmation of which opinion a
+tower is still pointed out, called Beris Tower. The Conqueror gave it to
+his kinsman Roger de Montgomery, whom he also created Earl of Arundel,
+which title belonged to three persons of this family, till Robert
+Bellesme was outlawed by Henry I. for the assistance he gave to that
+monarch's brother, Robert. The castle was then settled on Queen Adeliza,
+who, after the death of her royal consort, gave her hand to William de
+Albini, one of the most accomplished men of his age. Here the
+dowager-queen performed the rites of hospitality towards the Empress
+Maud, in the attempt of that princess to ascend the throne. The last
+male heir of the name of Albini, died in 1243, when the castle and manor
+of Arundel fell to his sister, Isabel, whose husband, John Fitz-Alan,
+made the castle his residence, and assumed the title of Earl of Arundel.
+The fourth in descent from him forfeited his life and estates, in the
+attempt to ruin the Despensers, favourites of Edward II.; but the
+estates were restored to his son, whose successor, in the reign of
+Richard II., being accused of a conspiracy to seize the king, and put to
+death the lords of the council, was beheaded; the king presiding at the
+execution. His son, Thomas Fitz-Alan, was reinstated by Henry IV.; but,
+he dying without issue, in 1415, the castle devolved to his cousin, Sir
+John Fitz-Alan, who laid claim to, and obtained the title, on which an
+act was passed, that the possession of this castle and honour conferred
+the dignity of Earl without creation. The last Fitz-Alan died in the 22d
+of Elizabeth, leaving a daughter, who married Thomas Howard, Duke of
+Norfolk, thus carrying the earldom and estate into that family, to whom
+they still belong.
+
+[Sidenote: Beautiful monuments in the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Quantities of Sussex oak shipped from this place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition ascribes the foundation of the castle to a giant.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king presided at the execution of one of its lords.]
+
+Concerning the true period of the foundation of this castle, many
+conjectures have been entertained. On account of the bricks inserted in
+the walls of the keep, it has been attributed to the Romans; but such a
+proof is not allowed by the best antiquaries. Its pretensions to the era
+of the Saxon kings are more explicit. The more ancient parts are the
+keep or citadel, and the towers which flank the gateway, and connect the
+whole by means of a sally port. The keep stands upon an artificial
+mound, the height of which, from the fosse, is one hundred and ten feet
+on one side, and eighty on the other. Of its external wall, the height
+is thirty feet, supported by projecting ribs or buttresses. It is eight
+feet thick, with a wall on the inside, guarded by a parapet as many feet
+high. The diameter of the room which is faced with Norman or Caen stone,
+is sixty-seven feet by fifty-nine. There are also Roman bricks placed in
+the herring-bone fashion, which is observable in most Saxon buildings.
+In the centre is a subterraneous room and passage; and in a tower
+attached to the keep, is a well three hundred feet deep. The approach is
+by a time-worn staircase, and over a narrow pass, commanding the
+entrance to the building, which bears the marks of a portcullis. The
+more ancient one towards the east still retains a very rich Saxon
+door-case. In the tower above the present entrance, was a small chapel
+or oratory, dedicated to St. George. The tower and gateway facing the
+base court of the castle are apparently co-temporary with the keep. The
+other towers are built with flint. The dungeons are on the right and
+left of the gateway. They consist of eight wards, protected by a
+draw-bridge from the castle moat. The lower wards are very deep, and
+partly filled up with rubbish. The foundation walls of these dungeons
+are not known, although efforts have been employed to discover the
+length and depth of these frightful abodes. The Empress Maud's
+apartments are in the tower, above the old gateway. They consist of
+three bed-rooms. The Saxon keep may justly be termed the ivy-mantled
+tower, for the walls are literally covered with its leaves. The late
+Duke of Norfolk was very partial to this retired spot. Here are several
+remarkably curious owls, elegant, and extremely large; some of them
+measuring across the wings, from eight to ten feet. Their plumage is
+particularly beautiful, and their eyes brilliant. The late duke
+purchased them from North America. There are many traces of ancient
+remains about the keep or tower. The spot where the boilers stood, for
+the purpose of melting the lead to pour down upon the besiegers, and
+those used for culinary purposes, are still visible. The marks of cannon
+balls discharged against the tower during the siege of the parliamentary
+forces, are observable in many places. The ground plan of the present
+castle nearly resembles that of Windsor Castle, in the exact proportion
+of nine to fourteen. When the late Duke of Norfolk took possession, the
+castle was little better than a heap of ruins, but his Grace has
+restored it to its original magnificence. The building is of free-stone,
+from the quarries in Yorkshire; and those of a brown cast were carefully
+selected, in order that they might assimilate in colour with the old
+remains. The new walls have risen upon the ancient model, and correspond
+with the old ones in solidity of fabric, as well as dignity of ornament.
+An entire new front of massy stone, which differs materially from the
+others, particularly in exhibiting the insignia of the Howards, mixed
+with those of their predecessors, and two colossal figures of liberty
+and hospitality, ornament the grand entrance. In raising this front, the
+late duke had the opportunity of enlarging the mansion, and gaining the
+space now occupied on the basement story, by a long range of servants'
+offices, including a new kitchen, with two fire places, bake-house,
+scullery, the steward's and housekeeper's rooms, &c. The cellars are of
+immense length. The duke weekly employed from 100 to 200 labourers,
+mechanics, and artists, in the improvement and decorations of this noble
+edifice, for upwards of twenty-five years. The arrangements were formed
+entirely from his own ideas, and in the progress of the plan, he was
+exclusively his own architect. On the west wing is a beautiful
+sculptured basso relievo historical representation of King Alfred
+receiving the report of the jury, as established in his reign. The
+costume and draperies are finely carved in stone. The interior of the
+castle is fitted up with great taste and effect. The richest mahogany
+has been used in almost every decoration. The walls being more than six
+feet thick, form a kind of frame for each window, which is five feet
+deep on the inside, and the whole of this spacious case is lined with
+mahogany. The window frames which hold the magnificent plate glass
+panes, three feet each in height, are of the same material; and the
+solid mahogany doors are held in cases of the thickness of the inner
+walls, perhaps, four feet deep, all lined with pannels of the richest
+grain.
+
+[Sidenote: The great antiquity of the castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: The castle dungeons of remarkable depth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable owls]
+
+[Sidenote: The late Duke of Norfolk restored the castle to its ancient
+magnificence.]
+
+[Sidenote: Employed from 100 to 200 labourers for 25 years.]
+
+In the Barons room the following inscription appears:--
+
+ "CHARLES HOWARD, DUKE OF NORFOLK,
+
+ EARL OF ARUNDEL,
+
+ in the year of Christ, 1806,
+ in the 60th year of his age,
+ dedicated this stone
+ To Liberty, asserted by the Barons,
+ in the reign of John."
+
+On the 15th of June, 1815, a great festival took place for celebrating
+the centenary of the signing of Magna Charta. There was a splendid
+assemblage of the nobility and persons of distinction. Complete suits of
+ancient armour, with swords and spears, forged in ancient times, and for
+very different purposes, were either suspended from, or hung around the
+walls; and every adventitious aid was adopted to give state and majesty
+to this celebration of the magnanimous conduct of the Barons of England.
+Nearly three hundred distinguished guests sat down. The head of the
+table was ornamented with a noble baron of beef, surmounted by the ducal
+coronet, and the banners of the illustrious house of Norfolk.
+
+[Sidenote: Festival to celebrate the signing of Magna Charter held
+here.]
+
+The castle occupies a mile in circumference, and the beautiful domains
+which surround this magnificent structure, are more than seven miles and
+a half in circumference, enclosed with a strong fence railing. The
+grounds are well laid out, in gardens, shrubberies, and plantations.
+There are three agreeable towers in the park; High Horn, commanding an
+extensive prospect; and Mount Pleasant, covered with ivy, overlooking
+the beautiful vale of Sussex. The late duke built another tower, facing
+the road to Petworth, called the White Ways. The castle is open to the
+inspection of visitors on the first Sunday in the month after divine
+service, and on every Monday in the year.
+
+[Sidenote: The times when the castle may be inspected by visitors.]
+
+When the buildings on the Norfolk estate adjoining the Strand, London,
+were erected, it was legally settled, that the whole of the rents,
+should be expended for the sole purpose of keeping up Arundel Castle;
+this has always been acted upon. The original rents having long since
+fallen in--and the increased income that has been produced by that
+cause, joined to the general increase of rents in that quarter, has been
+so great, that it now requires very great ingenuity to contrive the
+means of laying out all that money according to the directions of the
+original entail; and this is the real cause of the magnificent style in
+which that ancient baronial castle is still supported. The estate thus
+mentioned, comprises the whole of Surrey-street, Arundel-street,
+Howard-street, and Norfolk-street, which are the entire property of the
+Norfolk family.
+
+ _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 7.40. A.M.,
+ departs 5.30. P.M.--_Fairs_, May 14, cattle and hogs; August 21,
+ hogs, cattle, and sheep; September 25, cattle and sheep; December 17,
+ cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday in every month for
+ cattle.--_Bankers_, Henty and Co., draw on Lubbock and Co.; Hopkins
+ and Co., draw on Williams and Co.--_Inns_, Crown, and Norfolk Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Estates in London devoted to keep it in repair.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+ 40|Asaph, St.[A] city & pa|Denbigh |Holywell 10|Abergeley 7|
+ 40|Asby[B] pa|Westmor |Appleby 5|Orton 5|
+ 39|Ascote ex. pa. ham|Warwick |Southam 2|Warwick 9|
+ +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+ 40|Asaph, St.[A] city & pa|Holyhead 57| 208| 3144|
+ 40|Asby[B] pa|Brough 9| 273| 436|
+ 39|Ascote ex. pa. ham|Kineton 8| 82| 12|
+ +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] ST. ASAPH. This city is seated on the decline of a pleasant
+eminence, between the rivers Clwyd and Elwy, which renders the first
+appearance striking, though it contains little more than one street. The
+church stands in the lower part of the town, and serves for the use of
+the parishioners, the cathedral not being used for parochial purposes;
+the latter was built about the close of the fifteenth century; it
+consists of a choir, a nave, two aisles, and a transept. During the
+protectorship of Cromwell the palace and cathedral were much injured by
+the post-master, who made great havoc in the choir of the cathedral,
+using the font as a trough for watering his horses; and by way of
+venting his spleen on the clergy, tied up calves in the bishop's throne.
+Several very eminent men have been bishops of St. Asaph, including Dr.
+Isaac Barrow, William Beveridge, and Samuel Horsley, the former of whom
+founded an alms-house for eight poor widows. Bishop Hughes, who died
+1600, founded, and endowed the Free Grammar School. The neighbourhood
+possesses several land proprietors who have given great encouragement to
+agriculture, amongst whom may be included Dean Shipley, who stimulated
+the practical farmers to emulation, by premiums, and other
+encouragement. To this spirited dignitary, so well known in the history
+of the law of libel, a very handsome monument has been erected in the
+cathedral.
+
+ _Market_ Saturday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, July 15, October 16,
+ December 26, for cattle.--_Inn_, White Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: The font of the cathedral used for watering horses.]
+
+
+[B] ASBY, once called Askeby. This parish consists of four manors. The
+church is ancient, its beauty has been much disfigured by repairs; it
+has even been diminished in size, as appears by an arch now filled up in
+the north wall. At Sayle Bottom are several tumuli--some circular,
+others rectangular. At Garthorne Hall, a tumulus was found to contain
+human bones and a large sword, and another containing three entire
+skulls. Pate Hole, in this parish, is a remarkable cavern in a limestone
+rock, consisting of two galleries, one 430 yards long, towards the north
+east, the other, 230 yards long, making a large sweep from the extremity
+of the first to its middle; together, they resemble the letter P. At the
+end of the first gallery is a lofty dome, and a pool 20 yards long, 6
+broad, and 3 deep; and in the second are two perpendicular chasms of
+unknown extent, from whence proceed in rainy seasons torrents of water,
+which fill the cavern and discharge themselves from its entrance. The
+noise of these operations resemble at first gentle music, but increases
+to the pitch of the loudest. In one part is a petrifying spring, which
+always stands at one temperature.
+
+[Sidenote: Pate Hole, an immense cavern.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.|County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+-------+------------+--------------+
+ 39|Ascott ham|Warwick|Shipston 7|L. Compton 3|
+ 31|Ascott ham & chap|Oxford |Bensington 5|Dorchester 4|
+ 39|Ascott pa|Oxford | ... 5| ... 4|
+ 34|Asgarby pa|Lincoln|Sleaford 3|Tattershall 11|
+ 24|Asgarby pa|Lincoln|Spilsby 6|Horncastle 6|
+ 10|Ash ham|Derby |Derby 7|Uttoxeter 11|
+ 21|Ash pa|Kent |Wingham 3|Sandwich 3|
+ 21|Ash pa|Kent |Farmingham 4|Gravesend 7|
+ 37|Ash pa|Surrey |Farnham 4|Bagshot 9|
+ 16|Ash, or Ashe pa|Hants |Whitchurch 6|Basingstoke 7|
+ 11|Ashe[A] ham|Devon |Colyton 2|Lyme 4|
+ +--+-----------------+-------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From|Lond. |Population.
+ +--+-----------------+--------------------+--------+------+
+ 39|Ascott ham|Kineton 12| 78| ...|
+ 31|Ascott ham & chap|Oxford 10| 61| 97|
+ 39|Ascott pa|Oxford 10| 51| 419|
+ 34|Asgarby pa|Falkingham 8| 114| 146|
+ 24|Asgarby pa|Tattershall 10| 138| 57|
+ 10|Ash ham|Burton-on-T. 7| 136| 50|
+ 21|Ash pa|Ramsgate 8| 63| 2416|
+ 21|Ash pa|Wrotham 4| 20| 586|
+ 37|Ash pa|Godalming 8| 35| 2001|
+ 16|Ash, or Ashe pa|Kingsclere 6| 53| 114|
+ 11|Ashe[A] ham|Axminster 4| 148| ...|
+ +--+-----------------+--------------------+--------+------+
+
+
+[A] ASHE is situated in Musbury parish, which lies in the hundred of
+Axminster, two miles east by north from Colyton. It is the birth place
+of the celebrated John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: this
+distinguished person was born here in the year 1650. He received only an
+indifferent education, for his father took him to court at the age of
+twelve years, when he became page, as his sister, Arabella, became
+mistress to the Duke of York. In 1660, he obtained a pair of colours in
+the Guards. His first service was at the siege of Tangier, and, on his
+return from thence, he became the favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland,
+who gave him L5,000 with which he purchased an annuity for life. He
+afterwards served under the great Turenne, who was so pleased with his
+person and bravery as to call him the handsome Englishman. At the siege
+of Maestricht he so distinguished himself, that the King of France
+publicly thanked him. On his return he was made lieutenant-colonel,
+gentleman of the bedchamber, and master of the robes to the Duke of
+York, whom he attended to Holland and Scotland; and about this time
+married Miss Jennings, maid of honour to the Princess, afterwards Queen
+Anne. In 1682, he was shipwrecked with the Duke of York, in their
+passage to Scotland, on which occasion his royal highness expressed the
+greatest anxiety to save his favourite. The same year he was made a
+peer, by the title of Baron Eymouth, in Scotland; and when James came to
+the crown, he was sent to France to notify the event. In 1685, he was
+created Lord Churchill, of Sandridge. The same year he suppressed
+Monmouth's rebellion, and took him prisoner. He continued to serve James
+with great fidelity, till the arrival of the Prince of Orange, and then
+left him, for which he has been stigmatized, and perhaps not unjustly,
+with base ingratitude. His own apology was a regard for the religion and
+constitution of his country. He was created Earl of Marlborough by King
+William in 1689, and appointed commander of the English army in the low
+countries. He next served in Ireland, and reduced Cork, with other
+strong places. In 1692, he was suddenly dismissed from his employments,
+and committed to the Tower: he was, however, very soon released, but the
+cause of this disgrace was never clearly explained. After the death of
+Queen Mary he was restored to favour; and at the close of that reign he
+had the command of the English forces in Holland, and the States chose
+him captain-general of their forces. On the commencement of the reign of
+Anne, he recommended a war with France, and his advice was adopted. In
+the first campaign of 1702, he took a number of strong towns,
+particularly Liege. In the following year he was created a Duke. In
+1704, he joined Prince Eugene, in conjunction with whom he conquered the
+French at Hochstedt, took Marshal Tallard prisoner, and brought him to
+England, with 26 other officers of rank, 121 standards, and 179 colours.
+He then received the grant of the manor of Woodstock. In 1706, he fought
+the famous battle of Ramilies. This battle accelerated the fall of
+Louvain, Brussels, and other important places. He arrived in England,
+and received fresh honours from the Queen and Parliament. Blenheim house
+was ordered to be built, and a pension of L5,000. a year was awarded
+him. In 1709, he defeated Marshal Villars at Malplaquet. In the year
+1711, he returned to England with additional laurels, but was soon after
+dismissed from his employments. To add to this unjust treatment, a
+prosecution was commenced against him for applying the public money to
+his private purposes. Indignant at such conduct, he went into voluntary
+banishment till 1714, when he landed at Dover, amidst the acclamations
+of the people. George I. restored him to his military employments, but
+he retired from his appointments to Windsor, and died in 1722. His
+remains were interred with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. His Duchess
+outlived him several years. She was a woman of a strong mind, but
+overbearing passions. Her letters have been printed, and display
+uncommon sagacity, blended with a great share of vanity. The mansion
+house in which the Duke was born, now in a state of ruin, was rebuilt
+shortly after the civil wars, by Sir John Drake, whose daughter had
+married Sir Winston Churchill.
+
+ _Fairs_, April 6, and Oct. 11, for pedlary.
+
+[Sidenote: The birth-place of the celebrated Duke of Marlboro'.]
+
+[Sidenote: He took Monmouth prisoner in the reign of James II.]
+
+[Sidenote: Created a Duke by Queen Anne.]
+
+[Sidenote: Blenheim house built for him.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in the 8th year of the reign of Geo. I.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+ 4|Ashamstead chap|Berks |East Ilsley 5|Streatley 4|
+ 31|Ashamstead chap|Oxford |Gt. Marlow 4|H. Wycombe 4|
+ 36|Ash Bocking pa|Suffolk |Needham 6|Ipswich 6|
+ 10|Ashbourn[A] m.t. & pa|Derby |Derby 13|Leek 16|
+ 34|Ashbrittle pa|Somerset|Wellington 6|Wiveliscombe 5|
+ +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+ |Dist|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+----------------------+----+---------+
+ 4|Ashamstead chap|Newbury 9| 49| 346|
+ 31|Ashamstead chap|Henley 6| 35| ...|
+ 36|Ash Bocking pa|Woodbridge 8| 75| 234|
+ 10|Ashbourn[A] m.t. & pa|Wirksworth 9| 139| 4756|
+ 34|Ashbrittle pa|Dulverton 10| 254| 635|
+ +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBOURN is very pleasantly situated in a rich valley on the eastern
+side of the Dove, over which is a stone bridge. It is divided into two
+parts by a rivulet, which is called Henmore, the southern part of which
+is termed Compton, the ancient Campdene. From the descent of the hill on
+the Derby road, the view of the place as it presents itself embosomed
+amongst the hills is beautifully picturesque. It is a neat town, but
+there is nothing remarkable in its buildings. At the time of the
+conquest it was a royal manor, and subsequently became a part of the
+Duchy of Lancaster, until it was sold by Charles I. It is supposed that
+the church, which is dedicated to St. Oswald, was finished in the
+thirteenth century; in it are many monuments to the Cockaines,
+Bradburns, and Boothby's, successively possessors of the manors. Sir
+Thomas Cockaine and other natives, founded a Free Grammar School, in the
+reign of Elizabeth, for children of the town and neighbourhood, and also
+a second for the poorer class of children of both sexes. Here are also a
+chapel and a neat row of alms-houses, founded in 1800 by a native named
+Cooper, who made a fortune in London, for six poor men and women, and
+several other hospitals for decayed house-keepers, including one for the
+maintenance of four clergymen's widows. A very considerable trade is
+carried on here in cheese and malt, many horses and cattle are sold at
+its fairs. Much lace is made here, and a great many persons are employed
+in the iron and cotton factories in the neighbourhood. The romantic and
+beautiful glen of Dovedale is within a short distance. This town is one
+of the polling places for the southern division of the county.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--Mail arrives 11 A.M., departs 2-3/4
+ P.M.--_Fairs_, first Tuesday in January, and Feb. 13, for horses and
+ horned cattle, April 3, May 21, and July 5, for horses, horned
+ cattle, and wool. August 16, October 20, and November 29, for horses,
+ and horned cattle; the fairs for horses begin two or three days
+ before the fair-day.--_Inns_, Blackmoor's Head and Green
+ Man.--_Bankers_, Arkwright and Co.; drawn on Smith, Payne, and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: A royal manor of the Saxon Kings made part of the Duchy of
+Lancaster.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ 38|Ashburnham[A] pa|Sussex |Battle 6|Hailsham 6|
+ 11|Ashburton[B] }|Devon |Exeter 20|Torquay 13|
+ | bo. m.t. & pa}| | | |
+ 4|Ashbury to & pa|Berks |Lambourn 16|Wantage 10|
+ 11|Ashbury pa|Devon |Hatherleigh 5|Oakhampton 6|
+ 24|Ashby pa|Lincoln |Gt. Grimsby 7|Caistor 9|
+ 24|Ashby pa|Lincoln |Spilsby 2|Burgh 3|
+ 24|Ashby pa|Lincoln |Sleaford 6|Lincoln 13|
+ 24|Ashby to|Lincoln |Brigg 6|Epworth 7|
+ 27|Ashby pa|Norfolk |Norwich 8|Acle 7|
+ 27|Ashby pa|Norfolk |Acle 3|Norwich 12|
+ 36|Ashby pa|Suffolk |Lowestoft 5|Yarmouth 8|
+ 28|Ashby, Cold pa|Northamp |Northamp 12|Daventry 10|
+ 23|Ashby-de-la-Zouch}|Leicester|Leicester 18|Kegworth 10|
+ | [C] m.t. & pa}| | | |
+ +--+------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 38|Ashburnham[A] pa|East Bourne 11| 55| 721|
+ 11|Ashburton[B] }|Totness 7| 192| 4165|
+ | bo. m.t. & pa}| | | |
+ 4|Ashbury to & pa|Highworth 7| 70| 698|
+ 11|Ashbury pa|Launceston 14| 201| 74|
+ 24|Ashby pa|Louth 12| 160| 179|
+ 24|Ashby pa|Wainfleet 6| 134| 170|
+ 24|Ashby pa|Navenby 6| 121| 178|
+ 24|Ashby to|Gainsboro' 14| 157| 378|
+ 27|Ashby pa|Bungay 9| 116| 72|
+ 27|Ashby pa|Yarmouth 8| 125| 82|
+ 36|Ashby pa|Beccles 7| 119| 42|
+ 28|Ashby, Cold pa|Harborough 10| 78 | 385|
+ 23|Ashby-de-la-Zouch}|M Bosworth 10| 115| 4727|
+ | [C] m.t. & pa}| | | |
+ +--+------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBURNHAM is in the hundred of Foxearle, and rape of Hastings. This
+village gives the name and title of Earl to the representatives of the
+ancient family of Ashburnham, who possessed this manor before the
+conquest. The shirt and white silk drawers in which Charles I. was
+executed, on the 30th of January, 1649, and also the watch which he gave
+to Mr. John Ashburnham, on the scaffold, are still preserved in the
+church, having been bequeathed by one of his descendants to the clerk of
+this parish for ever, and are exhibited as great curiosities.
+
+[Sidenote: Bequests of Charles I. made on the scaffold.]
+
+
+[B] ASHBURTON is situated in a valley encompassed by hills; it is about
+a mile from the river Dart, and consists principally of one long street,
+through which runs the high road from London to Plymouth. The houses are
+neat, and most of them covered with slate, of which there is abundance
+in the vicinity. The manor belonged to the crown in the reign of James
+I., but it has since passed through various private hands. The town,
+which is governed by a portreeve, chosen at the court leet and baron of
+the manor, is a borough by prescription, (that is to say, a custom
+continued until it has the force of law;) and was constituted one of the
+four stannary towns of Devon, by a charter of Edward I., in the
+twenty-sixth year of whose reign it sent two members to Parliament, but
+only returned members once subsequently until 1640, in which year its
+privilege was restored: by the late reform bill, it now returns but one
+member; the electors on the old constituency were 101, and L10
+householders 342. The portreeve is the returning-officer. The borough
+comprises the parish of Ashburton.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, first Thursday in March; first Thursday
+ in June; August 10; November 11, for horned cattle.--_Inns_, London
+ and Golden Lion.--_Mail_ arrives 5 P.M., departs 9-3/4 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: One of the four stannary towns of the county.]
+
+
+[C] ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH is situated in a fertile valley on the borders of
+Derbyshire, through which runs the small river Gilwiskaw. Its
+distinctive appellation is derived from the ancient family of the
+Zouches, who came into possession of the manor in the reign of Henry
+III. It afterwards devolved to the crown, by which it was granted to the
+noble family of Hastings, in right of whom the Marquis of that title
+still possesses it. The town is chiefly comprised in one street, from
+which branches several smaller ones. The church is a handsome ancient
+edifice, built of stone, consisting of a nave and two aisles, separated
+by four lofty arches, springing from fluted pillars. Here are also
+places of worship for the Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists,
+Presbyterians, and others. A free grammar school was founded in this
+town by Henry Earl of Huntingdon, in 1567; and another free school for
+26 boys, by Isaac Dawson, in 1669. The manufactures established here are
+chiefly those of cotton and woollen stockings, and hats. There is also a
+good trade in malt, and the fairs are celebrated for the sale of fine
+horses and cattle. The mansion at Ashby was remarkable for its magnitude
+and strength, and continued for 200 years the residence of the family of
+Sir William Hastings, knt., a particular favourite of Edward IV., who
+was elevated by that monarch to several offices of high trust and
+dignity. It stood on a rising ground, at the south end of the town, and
+was composed of brick and stone from the ruins of Ashby Castle.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Shrove-Monday, Easter Tuesday,
+ Whit-Tuesday, last Monday in September, November 10, for horses,
+ cows, and sheep.--_Bankers_, Fishers and Co.; draw upon Hoare,
+ Barnet, and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.30 morning; departs 4.0
+ afternoon.--_Inns_, Queen's Head, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient family gave their name to the town.]
+
+[Sidenote: A noble mansion constructed out of the ruins of Ashby
+Castle.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ 23|Ashby Folville to & pa|Leicester|Melton Mow. 6|Leicester 10|
+ 23|Ashby Magna pa|Leicester|Lutterworth 4|Hinckley 11|
+ 23|Ashby Parva pa|Leicester| ... 3| ... 8|
+ 24|Ashby Puerorum[A] pa|Lincoln |Spilsby 5|Alford 7|
+ 28|Ashby St. Ledger[B] pa|Northamp |Daventry 4|Northamp 14|
+ +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 23|Ashby Folville to & pa|Houghton 6| 104| 391|
+ 23|Ashby Magna pa|Leicester 11| 93| 330|
+ 23|Ashby Parva pa| ... 13| 92| 169|
+ 24|Ashby Puerorum[A] pa|Louth 10| 137| 101|
+ 28|Ashby St. Ledger[B] pa|Welford 9| 76| 257|
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBY PUERORUM. In the year 1804, a Roman sepulchre was discovered
+near this place, by a labourer who was cutting a ditch. It consisted of
+a stone chest, which laid 3 feet below the surface of the earth; the lid
+fitted nearly to the sides, hanging a little over the edge, so that when
+it was removed; no dirt of any kind was found to have gained admittance
+during a period of nearly two thousand years. The chest was formed of
+free stone, of a kind found in abundance on Lincoln Heath. The urn was
+of strong glass well manufactured, and of a greenish colour. The glass
+was as perfect and the surface as smooth as if just taken out of the
+fire. This receptacle of the ashes was nearly filled with small pieces
+of bone, many of which, from the effect of ignition, were white
+throughout the whole substance. Among the fragments was discovered a
+small lacrymatory, which had been broken, from the curiosity of the
+person who discovered it, to ascertain whether it contained any thing of
+value.
+
+[Sidenote: A very ancient urn of green glass found here.]
+
+
+[B] ASHBY ST. LEDGER is situated near a rivulet that flows into the
+river Nen. The additional name of St. Ledger is borrowed from the patron
+saint to whom the church is dedicated. This structure consists of a nave
+and aisles, with a tower and spire. At the upper end of the north aisle
+are still remaining the steps which led to the rude loft between the
+chancel and the nave. Here are three piscinas for holy water. Several
+ancient monumental inscriptions may be seen in the chancel. On an altar
+tomb within the communion rails, are the recumbent figures of a man and
+woman, with an inscription in black letter, commemorative of William
+Catesby and Margaret his wife, bearing date 1493. Catesby was one of the
+three families who ruled the nation under Richard's usurpation, and
+constituted the triumvirate which is alluded to in the old distich:--
+
+ The rat, and the cat, and Lovel the dog,
+ Do govern all England under the hog.
+
+The rat was Richard Ratcliff, the cat William Catesby, the dog Lord
+Lovel, and the hog for Richard, it being then the regal crest. William
+Catesby became a distinguished character; he was made esquire of the
+King's body; Chancellor of the Marshes for life; and one of the
+Chamberlains of the Exchequer. Being taken prisoner at the battle of
+Bosworth field, while fighting by his patron's side, he was conducted to
+Leicester, and beheaded as a traitor. At the eastern end of both aisles,
+are two places, formerly appropriated as places of sepulture for the two
+great Lords of Ashby. One of these belonged to the Catesby family; but
+most of the inscriptions are effaced. The manorial house of Ashby is a
+good old family mansion, occupied by the widow of the late John Ashby,
+Esq. A small room in the detached offices belonging to the house is
+still shown as having been the council-chamber, where the gunpowder-plot
+conspirators held their deliberations. Robert Catesby, one of the
+descendants of the family, was at the head of this conspiracy, for which
+he was tried, condemned, and executed; and his head, together with that
+of his father-in-law, Thomas Percie, who was involved in his guilt, were
+fixed on the top of the Parliament-house.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient monument of the Catesby family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Catesby taken prisoner at Bosworth field.]
+
+[Sidenote: The gunpowder plot conspirators met here.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ 24|Ashby West pa|Lincoln |Horncastle 2|Louth 12|
+ 15|Ashchurch pa|Gloucester|Tewkesbury 1|Winchcombe 9|
+ 11|Ashcombe[A] pa|Devon |Chudleigh 3|Exeter 9|
+ 34|Ashcott chap|Somerset |Glastonbury 6|Bridgewater 10|
+ 14|Ashdon or Ashingdon }| | | |
+ | to & pa}|Essex |Saff. Walden 4|Haverhill 6|
+ 14|Asheldam pa|Essex |Bradwell 4|Burnham 4|
+ 15|Ashelworth pa|Gloucester|Gloucester 5|Tewkesbury 8|
+ 14|Ashen pa|Essex |Clare 2|Halstead 9|
+ 5|Ashenden[B] pa|Bucks |Thame 6|Bicester 11|
+ 36|Ashfield Great[C] pa|Suffolk |Stowmarket 7|Ixworth 5|
+ 36|Ashfield-cum-Thorpe p|Suffolk |Framlingham 6|Debenham 2|
+ 10|Ashford[D] chap|Derby |Bakewell 2|Tideswell 6|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ 24|Ashby West pa|Wragby 13| 138| 391|
+ 15|Ashchurch pa|Cheltenham 8| 103| 649|
+ 11|Ashcombe[A] pa|Teignmouth 6| 177| 320|
+ 34|Ashcott chap|Somerton 7| 129| 834|
+ 14|Ashdon or Ashingdon }| | | |
+ | to & pa}|Linton 4| 45| 1103|
+ 14|Asheldam pa|Maldon 9| 46| 144|
+ 15|Ashelworth pa|Newent 7| 105| 540|
+ 14|Ashen pa|Haverhill 5| 54| 373|
+ 5|Ashenden[B] pa|Aylesbury 8| 46| 368|
+ 36|Ashfield Great[C] pa|Botesdale 8| 76| 408|
+ 36|Ashfield-cum-Thorpe p|Eye 9| 83| 375|
+ 10|Ashford[D] chap|Buxton 10| 155| 782|
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ASHCOMBE is a parish in the hundred of Exminster. Here is a mansion
+of Lord Arundel's, situated in a large amphitheatre of hills, richly
+wooded at their base, and at their summit often studded with herds of
+sheep or deer. The only entrance to this romantic dale is from the
+north, by a road, which though perfectly safe, falls precipitately down
+a narrow ridge of one of the hills.
+
+
+[B] ASHENDEN. This manor has been from time immemorial in the Grenville
+family. John Bucktot, a priest, gave the manor of Little Pollicott, to
+Lincoln College, in Oxford, about 1479; and what renders it particularly
+remarkable, is the circumstance of the manor house being used as a
+retiring place for the members of the college at the time of the plague.
+In Ashenden Church, is an ancient figure of a crusader, under an arch,
+rudely ornamented with foliage; which according to tradition, is the
+tomb of John Bucktot; this appears however to be erroneous, as it is
+evidently the tomb of a layman, and from the chevron on the shield, one
+of the Stafford family, anciently lords of Great Pollicott.
+
+[Sidenote: A retiring place for collegians in the time of the plague.]
+
+
+[C] ASHFIELD. This obscure village gave birth to the celebrated Lord
+Chancellor Thurlow, and his brother, the late Bishop of Durham; they
+were the sons of the vicar, under whose auspices they were educated. On
+leaving the university, the former entered himself of the Inner Temple,
+but did not distinguish himself at the bar, until his abilities were
+employed upon the Douglas case; after which he became successively
+Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor. He was
+elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Thurlow, of Ashfield. In
+1786, he was made Teller of the Exchequer, and created Baron Thurlow, of
+Thurlow: he retired in 1793, and died at Brighton in 1806. He was
+succeeded in the peerage by his nephew, the son of his brother, the
+Bishop of Durham. He was never married, but he left three illegitimate
+daughters, to two of whom he bequeathed large property; the other having
+offended him by an imprudent marriage, he left her only a small annuity.
+
+[Sidenote: The birth-place of Lord Chancellor Thurlow.]
+
+
+[D] ASHFORD. This village is frequently called Ashford in the water,
+from the lowness of its situation. It is seated on the banks of the
+river Wye. The only remains of the residence of the Plantagenets of
+Woodstock (who had a castle here) is a moat, half filled with rubbish.
+Sir William Cavendish, the favourite of Cardinal Wolsey, purchased this
+estate of the Earl of Westmoreland; and the Duke of Devonshire, a
+descendant of that family, still continues the proprietor. The works in
+this village for sawing and polishing marble, were the first ever
+established in England. They were originally constructed by Mr. Henry
+Watson, of Bakewell, about 80 years since, but though he obtained a
+patent, to secure the gain arising from this invention, the advantages
+were unequal to his expectations. Mr. John Platt, architect, of
+Rotherham, in Yorkshire, rented the quarries of black and grey marble,
+the only ones of the kind now worked in Derbyshire. The sweeping mill,
+as it is called, from its circular motion, will level a floor of eighty
+superficial feet of marble slabs at one time.
+
+[Sidenote: Extensive works for sawing and polishing marble.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ 11|Ashford pa|Devon |Barnstaple 2|Ilfracomb 8|
+ 21|Ashford[A] m.t. & pa|Kent |Canterbury 15|Folkestone 17|
+ 25|Ashford[B] chap|Middlesex|Staines 3|Bedfont 2|
+ 33|Ashford Bowdler pa|Salop |Ludlow 3|Tenbury 6|
+ 33|Ashford Carbonel pa|Salop |... 3|... 6|
+ 23|Ashfordby pa|Leicester|Melton Mow. 3|Loughbro' 11|
+ 29|Ash-holm ham|Northumb |Hexham 19|Haltwhistle 4|
+ 27|Ashill pa|Norfolk |Watton 4|Swaffham 6|
+ 34|Ashill[C] pa|Somerset |Ilminster 4|Taunton 8|
+ 14|Ashingdon[D] pa|Essex |Rochford 3|Maldon 9|
+ +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 11|Ashford pa|Marwood 2| 194| 99|
+ 21|Ashford[A] m.t. & pa|Maidstone 19| 53| 2809|
+ 25|Ashford[B] chap|Sunbury 3| 16| 458|
+ 33|Ashford Bowdler pa|Leominster 9| 137| 99|
+ 33|Ashford Carbonel pa| ... 9| 137| 289|
+ 23|Ashfordby pa|Leicester 13| 108| 467|
+ 29|Ash-holm ham|Aldstone 7| 279| 122|
+ 27|Ashill pa|E. Dereham 10| 94| 700|
+ 34|Ashill[C] pa|Chard 7| 137| 403|
+ 14|Ashingdon[D] pa|Chelmsford 13| 40| 98|
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHFORD is situated about twelve miles from the sea, on an eminence
+rising from the northern bank of the small river Stour, and on the high
+road between Hythe and Maidstone. The town, which is a liberty of
+itself, originated from the ruins of Great Chart, an ancient market
+town, which gave name to the hundred, and was destroyed in the Danish
+wars. It was then called Asscheford, and, in some early documents,
+Estefort and Enetesford, from the ford over the river Stour; the ancient
+name of which was Esshe or Eschet. It is pleasantly situated near the
+confluence of the upper branches of the river Stour, over one of which
+there is a bridge. The manor received the privilege of a market so early
+as Edward I. The town is governed by a mayor, and possesses a court of
+record for the recovery of debts, not exceeding twenty marks. The church
+is a spacious and handsome fabric, consisting of a nave, aisles, and
+three chancels, with a lofty and well-proportioned tower. There are
+several ancient monuments, especially one of a Countess of Athol, who
+died in 1365, whose effigy exhibits the female costume of that age, in a
+very remarkable manner. The ancient college, founded by Sir John Fogge
+owner of the manor, in the reign of Edward IV., was dissolved in that of
+Henry VII., and the house given to the vicar for a residence. It still
+exists, although latterly much modernised. Here is a Free Grammar
+School, founded by Sir Norton Knatchbull, in the reign of Charles I.,
+and various minor charities. The inhabitants of this town and its
+vicinity are much engaged in the rearing and fattening of cattle, for
+the sale of which its markets and fairs are much celebrated.
+
+ _Market_ Saturday. A stock market held on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in
+ every month.--_Fairs_ May 17, and August 2, for wool; September 9,
+ October 12, and 24, for horses, cattle and pedlary.--_Inns_, George,
+ Royal Oak, and Saracen's Head.--_Bankers_, G. and W. Jemmett, draw on
+ Esdaile and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.15 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of the town of Ashford.]
+
+[Sidenote: The college made into a parsonage house:]
+
+
+[B] ASHFORD. This place was originally called Exeford, from its ford
+over the river Exe; the village is now but of little importance. It lies
+in that level part of the county, formerly occupied by Hounslow Heath,
+the terror of the western traveller, from the numerous robberies
+committed on its highways. Ashford Common was selected for military
+reviews; it has however, for some years been inclosed, and the review
+ground is now near Hounslow. The chapel is a plain brick building,
+possessing no claims on the attention of the antiquary; it was erected
+in 1796 by voluntary contribution.
+
+[Sidenote: Hounslow Heath.]
+
+
+[C] ASHILL.--_Fairs_, April 9, and September 10.
+
+
+[D] ASHINGDON. This place is memorable in the early periods of our
+history. "Nothing is more surprising," observes Gough, in his Additions
+to Camden, "than the errors all antiquaries have hitherto lain under
+with respect to the scene of the battle between Edmund Ironside and the
+Danes." Though they had the authority of Mr. Camden against them, they
+have caried it quite across the county to the northern extremity and as
+far from the sea as possible, in defiance of every circumstance that
+could fix it there. In a marsh in Woodham Mortimer parish, on the river
+Burnham or Crouch, are twenty-four barrows grouped in pairs, and most of
+them surrounded by a ditch, supposed to be the burial places of the
+Danes, who probably landed at Bradwell, a village near the mouth of the
+Blackwater River, fourteen miles distant.
+
+[Sidenote: The site of an engagement between Edm. Ironside and the
+Danes.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+-----------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+ 29|Ashington to|Northump |Morpeth 5|Blyth 6|
+ 34|Ashington pa|Somerset |Ilchester 3|Yeovil 4|
+ 38|Ashington pa|Sussex |Steyning 4|Arundel 9|
+ 7|Ashley to|Chester |Knutsford 5|Altringham 3|
+ 28|Ashley pa|Northamp |Rockingham 6|Harborough 5|
+ 16|Ashley pa|Hants |Stockbridge 3|Winchester 8|
+ 35|Ashley pa|Stafford |Eccleshall 6|Drayton 6|
+ 41|Ashley[A] pa|Wilts |Malmesbury 5|Tetbury 3|
+ 5|Ashley-Green ham|Bucks |Chesham 3|Berkhamp 2|
+ 6|Ashley-cum-Silvery, pa|Cambridge|Newmarket 5|Mildenhall 10|
+ 10|Ashley-Hay to|Derby |Wirksworth 2|Belper 6|
+ 27|Ashmanhaugh pa|Norfolk |Coltishall 3|Worsted 3|
+ 16|Ashmansworth chap|Hants |Whitchurch 8|Andover 10|
+ 12|Ashmore pa|Dorset |Shaftesbury 5|Cranborne 12|
+ 34|Asholt, or Aisholt pa|Somerset |Bridgewater 7|Stowey 3|
+ 10|Ashover[B] to & pa|Derby |Alfreton 7|Chesterfield 7|
+ 39|Ashow pa|Warwick |Warwick 5|Kenilworth 3|
+ 17|Ashperton chap|Hereford |Ledbury 5|Hereford 11|
+ 11|Ashprington pa|Devon |Totness 3|Brixham 6|
+ 34|Ash-Priors pa|Somerset |Taunton 6|Wellington 6|
+ 11|Ashreigney pa|Devon |Chumleigh 4|Torrington 11|
+ 5|Ashridge[C] ham|Bucks |Chesham 2|Berkhamp 4|
+ +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 29|Ashington to|Ulgham 4| 290| 57|
+ 34|Ashington pa|Sherborne 7| 121| 74|
+ 38|Ashington pa|Horsham 10| 46| 285|
+ 7|Ashley to|Cheadle 7| 177| 379|
+ 28|Ashley pa|Rothwell 8| 86| 304|
+ 16|Ashley pa|Romsey 8| 67| 93|
+ 35|Ashley pa|Newcastle 9| 154| 825|
+ 41|Ashley[A] pa|Kemble 5| 96| 99|
+ 5|Ashley-Green ham|Tring 5| 27| ...|
+ 6|Ashley-cum-Silvery, pa|Bury 11| 63| 361|
+ 10|Ashley-Hay to|Turnditch 3| 138| 241|
+ 27|Ashmanhaugh pa|Norwich 10| 118| 154|
+ 16|Ashmansworth chap|Newbury 8| 64| 222|
+ 12|Ashmore pa|Blandford 8| 101| 191|
+ 34|Asholt, or Aisholt pa|Taunton 8| 146| 228|
+ 10|Ashover[B] to & pa|Matlock 3| 147| 3179|
+ 39|Ashow pa|Coventry 6| 95| 176|
+ 17|Ashperton chap|Bromyard 11| 125| 398|
+ 11|Ashprington pa|Dartmouth 6| 198| 549|
+ 34|Ash-Priors pa|Stowey 9| 147| 201
+ 11|Ashreigney pa|Hatherleigh 9| 198| 1038|
+ 5|Ashridge[C] ham|Tring 5| 29| ...|
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ASHLEY, was formerly distinguished by a fair and market, it is now
+remarkable only for a large mansion, which was once the seat of the
+Georges. The church, an ancient building, with a square embattled tower,
+is principally interesting for its arches; some of which are round, and
+others pointed, resting on slender clustered pillars, with massy
+capitals of foliage. The font is large, round, and very rude in its
+workmanship.
+
+
+[B] ASHOVER. This village is of great antiquity, being mentioned in the
+Doomsday Book, as having a church and a priest. In the church is an
+ancient font, supposed to be Saxon; the base is of stone; the lower part
+is of an hexagonal form; the upper part circular, surrounded with twenty
+figures, in devotional attitudes, embossed in lead, in ornamental
+niches. There are also some ancient monuments of the Babington family,
+who were for a long time seated at Dithicke, a chapelry in this parish.
+Anthony Babington was executed for high treason in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, having engaged in a conspiracy to destroy that princess. On
+the declivity of a hill on Ashover Common is a rocking stone, called
+Robin Hood's Mark, which measures about twenty-six feet in
+circumference. From its extraordinary position, it appears not only to
+have been the work of art, but to have been placed with great ingenuity.
+About 200 yards to the north is a singularly shaped work, called the
+Turning-stone, nine feet high: it is supposed to have been a rock idol.
+Overton Hall, in this vicinity, was once the seat of Sir Joseph Banks,
+the President of the Royal Society.
+
+[Sidenote: A singular rocking stone, formerly an idol.]
+
+
+[C] ASHRIDGE was formerly called Escrug. In very early times this
+village is reported to have possessed a royal palace; which, when the
+estate became the property of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, son to Richard,
+King of the Romans, was converted into a college for Bonhommes (or monks
+who followed the rules of St. Augustine,) and endowed with the manors of
+Ashridge, Gaddesden, and Hemel Hempstead. A parliament was held here by
+Edward the First, in the year 1291; and, though of short continuance, it
+was distinguished by a spirited debate on the origin and necessary use
+of fines. After the dissolution, the monastery appears to have become
+the seat of royalty; and Norden describes it as the place "wherein our
+most worthy and ever famous Queen Elizabeth lodged, as in her owne,
+being a more statelie house." This queen, in the 17th year of her reign,
+granted it to John Dudley, and John Ayscough, who within the short
+period of a fortnight, conveyed it to Henry, Lord Cheny, whose lady sold
+it to Ralph Marshal, by whom it was again conveyed to Randolph Crew and
+others, and soon afterwards granted to Egerton, Lord Ellesmere, ancestor
+to the late Duke of Bridgewater; several of whose family are buried in
+the neighbouring church of Little Gaddesden. The old college, the
+greater part of which was standing in the year 1800, exhibited a fine
+specimen of the gothic architecture of the thirteenth century. The
+cloisters were particularly beautiful. The walls were painted in fresco
+with Scripture subjects. The late Duke of Bridgewater pulled down the
+whole of these buildings, the materials of which were disposed of in
+lots; the present earl, the dukedom being extinct, has erected a most
+magnificent mansion at a great expense. Ashridge Park, which contains
+some very fine oak and beech trees, is pleasingly varied with hill and
+dale. It is about five miles in circumference.
+
+[Sidenote: A parliament held here by Edward I.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manor house a favourite seat of Queen Elizabeth.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+ 37|Ashtead pa|Surrey |Epsom 2|Leatherhead 2|
+ 7|Ashton to|Chester |Chester 8|Tarporley 7|
+ 11|Ashton pa|Devon |Chudleigh 4|Exeter 6|
+ 22|Ashton to|Lancaster |Preston 2|Kirkham 7|
+ 22|Ashton[A] to|Lancaster |Lancaster 3|Garstang 8|
+ 28|Ashton pa|Northamp |Northamp 7|Towcester 5|
+ 28|Ashton ham|Northamp |Wandsford 5|Stamford 5|
+ 28|Ashton ham|Northamp |Oundle 1|Wandsford 8|
+ 41|Ashton-Giffard to|Wilts |Warminste 7|Hindon 6|
+ 15|Ashton chap|Gloucester|Evesham 5|Tewkesbury 8|
+ 41|Ashton-Keynes pa|Wilts |Cricklade 4|Cirencester 6|
+ 34|Ashton, Long[B] pa|Somerset |Bristol 3|Keynsham 7|
+ +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 37|Ashtead pa|Ewell 4| 17| 607|
+ 7|Ashton to|Frodsham 6| 185| 405|
+ 11|Ashton pa|Moreton Ha. 6| 174| 333|
+ 22|Ashton to|Garstang 11| 219| ...|
+ 22|Ashton[A] to|Overton 3| 237| 213|
+ 28|Ashton pa|Stoney Strat. 7| 62| 380|
+ 28|Ashton ham|M. Deeping 4| 89| 126|
+ 28|Ashton ham|Stilton 8| 81| 129|
+ 41|Ashton-Giffard to|Wilton 12| 90| ...|
+ 15|Ashton chap|Winchcomb 8| 102| 301|
+ 41|Ashton-Keynes pa|Malmesbury 8| 89| 1182|
+ 34|Ashton, Long[B] pa|Axbridge 14| 120| 1423|
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON. Near this village is Ashton Hall, a seat of his Grace the
+Duke of Hamilton. It formerly belonged to the family of the Laurences,
+but came into the present family by the marriage of James, Earl of
+Arran, afterwards Duke of Hamilton, with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of
+Lord Gerrard Digby, of Bromley. The mansion is a large building, with
+some square embattled towers, an ancient hall, and other features of a
+magnificent baronial castle. It is situated in a fine park, through
+which flows a small rivulet, forming a narrow bay, at the western side
+of the grounds. The park abounds with wood, and is agreeably diversified
+with hill and dale, and affords, from many parts, extensive views across
+the river Lune to Morecambe Bay, the Irish sea, &c. The mansion has
+undergone considerable alteration, yet care has been taken to preserve
+its ancient character.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives at Galgate Bridge, one mile distant, 9.20 P.M.;
+ departs 2.20 morn.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Hamilton.]
+
+
+[B] ASHTON, or LONG ASHTON, is situated in a rich woody vale, protected
+on the north by a range of picturesque though bleak hills, and on the
+north lies the lofty ridge of Dundry. In this parish the inhabitants
+raise fruit and vegetables for the Bristol market. There is much
+garden-ground in Long Ashton, in which many Roman coins have been
+discovered. The houses are in general well-built, much company resorting
+thither during the summer season. The circumjacent scenery is
+delightful, and in the vicinity are the remains of two Roman
+encampments, Stokeleigh and Burwalls. The church is an old but very
+handsome building, founded by the family of Lyons; the nave and aisles
+are divided from the chancel by a beautiful gothic screen of fret and
+flower work, painted and gilt, and executed in the most admirable style.
+One of the 6 bells contained in the tower is inscribed "Sancte Johannes
+Baptiste ora pro nobis;" on the tower are the arms of Lyons, in stone.
+Amongst several painted figures and coats of arms on the glass of the
+windows, are the portraits of Edward IV. and his Queen, Elizabeth
+Widville. Here are several handsome monuments, but that of Sir Richard
+Choke and his lady is eminently magnificent and beautiful. Ashton Court,
+the manor house, originally founded by the Lyons family, but materially
+altered by Inigo Jones, occupies the S.E. slope of Ashton Down, and the
+remains of another old manor house, called the Lower Court, still stands
+in a valley to the S.W. of the village.
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+-------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
+ 22|Ashton-under-Lyne[A] p|Lancaster|Manchester 7|Stockport 7|
+ 22|Ashton-in-Mackerfield}[B]| | | |
+ | o & chap } |Lancaster|Newton 3|Prescot 7|
+ 7|Ashton-upon-Mersey } | | | |
+ | to & pa } |Chester |Stockport 9|Manchester 7|
+ +--+-------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 22|Ashton-under-Lyne[A] p|Mottram 5| 186| 33597|
+ 22|Ashton-in-Mackerfield}[B]| | | |
+ | o & chap } |Wigan 5| 196| 5912|
+ 7|Ashton-upon-Mersey } | | | |
+ | to & pa } |Altringham 4| 184| 2078|
+ +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE is a large town situated at the south-eastern
+extremity of the county. It consists of several narrow streets, built on
+a high bank, which rises from the river Tame. It appears from an ancient
+manuscript, that Ashton was formerly a borough, yet for some centuries
+it sent no members to Parliament; but, by the Reform Bill of 1832, it
+now returns one member, and the mayor of the town is the returning
+officer. The borough comprises the whole district, over which the
+lighting and paving act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV. extends. A court
+is held here for the recovery of debts, not exceeding five pounds, by
+48th Geo. III. c. 18; any person may sue, under the general regulations,
+and defendants sued elsewhere are to have their costs. Defendants
+removing out of the jurisdiction, may be followed in person and goods,
+by removing the record to the superior courts, but wagers, &c. are not
+recoverable. The principal part of the landed property of this parish
+belongs to the Earl of Stamford, in whose family it was conveyed, by the
+marriage of Sir William Booth to the daughter of Sir Thomas Asheton,
+whose family possessed some peculiar privileges in this manor: among
+which was, the power of life and death over their tenantry. In
+commemoration of this privilege, and its having been sometimes
+exercised, a field near the old hall is still called Gallows Meadow.
+There is also an ancient custom here, called "riding the black lad,"
+celebrated every Easter Monday, to perpetuate some act of great tyranny
+exercised by Sir Ralph Asheton, in 1483, when vice-constable of England.
+The ceremony consists in exhibiting the effigies of a man on horseback
+through the streets, which is afterwards suspended on the cross in the
+market place, and there shot. The figure was formerly cased in armour,
+and the expenses of it were defrayed by the court. Another account of
+the origin of this custom states, that Thomas Asheton, in the reign of
+Henry III., particularly distinguished himself at the battle of
+Neville's Cross, and bore away the standard from the Scotch King's tent.
+For this heroic deed the King conferred on Ashton the honour of
+Knighthood, who, on his arrival at his manor instituted the custom
+described. At the village of Fairfield, in this parish, there is a
+Moravian settlement, who have erected a chapel for their followers. The
+males are principally employed in spinning and weaving: they form a very
+industrious and orderly community. On the western side of the town is
+Ashton Moss, which supplies the poor with peat turf. Oak and fir trees
+are frequently found by those who dig for the peat.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, March 23, April 29, July 25, and
+ November 21, for horned cattle, horses, and toys.--_Bankers_,
+ Buckley, Roberts, and Co.; draw in London on Jones, Lloyd, and
+ Co.--_Inn_, Commercial Hotel.
+
+[Sidenote: Court of Requests for the recovery of L5. Defendants may be
+followed.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lord of the manor possessed a power of life and death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Custom of riding the black lad.]
+
+[Sidenote: Moravian settlement.]
+
+
+[B] ASHTON. This village is generally called Ashton in Makerfield, or
+Ashton in the Willows; it enjoys a very pleasant situation on the road
+between Newton and Wigan. The hardware and cotton manufactories give
+employment to the inhabitants. The church is a large old building, part
+of which appears to have been erected by the lords of the manor. On the
+pews are some ancient carvings; and in the windows are exhibited some
+painted figures. Several of the Ashtons lie interred here, and their
+names are inscribed on the windows. Near the church is a curious
+mansion, called the Old Hall, the oldest parts of which are said to have
+been built in 1483; adjoining this stands a pile, which was formerly
+used as a prison.
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
+ 41|Ashton-Steeple[A] pa & ti|Wilts |Trowbridge 3|Melksham 4|
+ 41|Ashton, West to|Wilts | ... 3| ... 5|
+ 21|Ashurst pa|Kent |Tunbridge 7|Tunbr. Wells 5|
+ 38|Ashurst pa|Sussex |Steyning 4|Henfield 3|
+ 11|Ashwater pa|Devon |Holsworthy 7|Oakhampton 14|
+ 18|Ashwell[B] pa|Herts |Baldock 4|Royston 6|
+ 32|Ashwell pa|Rutland |Oakham 4|Cottesmere 3|
+ 27|Ashwell-Thorpe pa|Norfolk |Wymondham 3|Attleburgh 7|
+ 34|Ashwick pa|Somerset |Shepton Mall 4|Frome 9|
+ 27|Ashwicken pa|Norfolk |Lynn 5|Castle Rising 5|
+ 35|Ashwood ham|Stafford |Stourbridge 4|Dudley 3|
+ 22|Ashworth chap|Lancaster|Rochdale 3|Bury 3|
+ 43|Aske to|N.R. York|Richmond 2|Reeth 8|
+ +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+ 41|Ashton-Steeple[A] pa & ti|Devizes 7| 96| 1754|
+ 41|Ashton, West to| ... 9| 98| 374|
+ 21|Ashurst pa|Groombridge 2| 34| 206|
+ 38|Ashurst pa|W. Grinstead 4| 47| 423|
+ 11|Ashwater pa|Launceston 8| 209| 862|
+ 18|Ashwell[B] pa|Biggleswade 6| 41| 1072|
+ 32|Ashwell pa|Overton 3| 99| 209|
+ 27|Ashwell-Thorpe pa|Buckenham 7| 100| 471|
+ 34|Ashwick pa|Wells 6| 118| 995|
+ 27|Ashwicken pa|Swaffham 10| 98| 80|
+ 35|Ashwood ham|Wolverhamp. 6| 123| ...|
+ 22|Ashworth chap|Manchester 11| 192| 294|
+ 43|Aske to|Darlington 11| 235| 105|
+ +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON, or STEEPLE ASHTON is remarkable for its lofty and elegant
+church, which was built about the year 1480, though the chapels and a
+part of the chancel appear of a still earlier date. The tower which is
+high and handsome, was formerly surmounted by a spire or steeple, whence
+the village had its distinctive appellation. An inscription informs us
+that, in the year 1670, the spire being in height 93 feet above the
+tower, was rent by a violent thunder storm, and that in the same year,
+being almost re-erected, it was by a second storm again destroyed. The
+roof of the nave is formed by intersecting arches, which rest on
+canopied niches, adorned with whole length figures or flowers; and that
+of the aisles is profusely decorated with sculpture and tracery work,
+while the windows display some splendid remains of painted glass, the
+whole corresponding with the exterior in style and effect. Plot informs
+us that there was dug up at Steeple Ashton, a pavement, which he
+considered to be Roman, though different in materials and design from
+those commonly regarded as such. The Madrepore stone is found among the
+fossil productions of Ashton. Rowd Ashton, the seat of Richard Godolphin
+Long, Esq., is situated in a large and well wooded park. The Kennet and
+Avon canal from London to Bristol passes near this village.
+
+[Sidenote: The church steeple twice thrown down by storms.]
+
+
+[B] ASHWELL. This village, situate on the river Rhee, on the borders of
+Cambridgeshire, derives its present name from Escewelle, and is supposed
+by Camden to be of Roman origin, from the frequent discovery of Roman
+coins, and sepulchral urns, in an adjacent earthwork, or fortification,
+called Arbury banks. It is in a low situation on the northern edge of
+the county. Here a considerable spring breaks out from a rocky bank
+overhung with lofty ash-trees, from which a continued quantity of water
+flows, and being quickly collected into one channel, turns a mill, and
+soon after becomes a river. From this spring and these ash-trees, it is
+supposed the Saxons gave it the name of Ashwell. The village was
+anciently a demesne of the Saxon kings; but before the time of Edward
+the Confessor, it was granted to the Abbots of St. Peter's, at
+Westminster, to whom it continued to belong till the dissolution, when
+the Abbey was erected into a deanery, and after that into a bishopric;
+it, however, followed the fate of similar foundations; and when the
+bishopric was dissolved, in the reign of Edward VI., it was granted,
+with other manors, to the see of London, in which it is still invested.
+The church consists of a nave, aisle, and chancel, with a tower at the
+west-end, surmounted by a spire. In the chancel are several slabs,
+formerly inlaid with brasses. Among the inscriptions, Weever notices one
+with the words, "Orate pro--Walter Sommoner." "I reade," says Weever,
+"that one Walter Sumner held the manor of Ashwell of the King, by pettie
+sergeantie; viz. to find the king spits to rost his meate upon the day
+of his coronation: and John Sumner, his sonne, held the same manor by
+service, to turne a spit in the king's kitchen upon the day of his
+coronation."
+
+[Sidenote: Powerful spring oozing from a rock.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ 45|Askerne or Askeron[A] to|W.R. York |Doncaster 7|Ferry-bridge 8|
+ 11|Askerswell pa|Dorset |Bridport 4|Beaminster 8|
+ 9 |Askerton[B] to|Cumberland|Carlisle 13|Longtown 12|
+ 30|Askham chap|Nottingham|Tuxford 3|Gamston 3|
+ 40|Askham[C] to & pa|Westmor |Penrith 4|Lowther 2|
+ 43|Askham Bryan to & pa|N.R. York |York 4|Tadcaster 6|
+ 43|Askham pa|N.R. York |York 5| ... 5|
+ 43|Askrigg[D] m.t. & chap|N.R. York |Middleham 12|Reeth 7|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 45|Askerne or Askeron[A] to|Snaith 10| 169| 256|
+ 11|Askerswell pa|Abbotsbury 7| 131| 228|
+ 9 |Askerton[B] to|Brampton 5| 316| 473|
+ 30|Askham chap|E. Retford 6| 140| 329|
+ 40|Askham[C] to & pa|Bampton 4| 280| 587|
+ 43|Askham Bryan to & pa|Wetherby 10| 196| 341|
+ 43|Askham pa| ... 9| 195| 234|
+ 43|Askrigg[D] m.t. & chap|Hawes 5| 246| 737|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+
+
+[A] ASKERNE. This village is one of the numerous places in the West
+Riding, which enjoys the distinction of a mineral spring. The water
+resembles that of Harrowgate Spa; but taken internally, differs
+materially in its operation, acting chiefly as a diuretic without any of
+that cathartic or purgative power, for which the Harrowgate waters are
+so remarkable. The village is situated at the foot of a hill; the spring
+rises at the distance of a few yards only from a piece of water called
+Askerne Pool, seven acres in extent, and is much frequented by rheumatic
+or scorbutic patients, who seldom fail to obtain the relief which they
+seek. Near this place it is said the British Prince Ambrosius defeated
+and put to death the fierce Saxon leader Hengist.
+
+[Sidenote: The Saxon leader Hengist put to death.]
+
+
+[B] ASKERTON. At this village there is a castle which was built by the
+Barons Dacre. This well known name is derived from the exploits of one
+of their ancestors at the siege of Acre, or Ptolemais, under Richard
+Coeur de Lion. There were two powerful branches of that name. The
+first family, called Lord Dacres of the South, held the castle of the
+same name, and are ancestors to the present Lord Dacre. The other
+family, descended from the same stock, were called Lord Dacres of the
+North, and were Barons of Gillesland and Graystock. A chieftain of the
+latter branch was warden of the West Marshes, during the reign of Edward
+VI. He was a man of a hot and obstinate character, as appears from some
+particulars of Lord Surrey's letter to Henry VIII., giving an account of
+his behaviour at the siege and storm of Jedburgh. The castle was
+formerly garrisoned by the Serjeant of Gillesland, who sometimes
+commanded and led the inhabitants against the Scots.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Lord Dacre.]
+
+
+[C] ASKHAM. This place consists of two manors. The hall, built in 1574,
+on the river Lowther, has an embattled roof, and a sombre aspect well
+suited to the gloom of the surrounding scenery. Several remarkable heaps
+of stones, among which, one is called the Druid's Cross, are in this
+neighbourhood; and also a large cairn, called the White-raise.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives at Lowther 1-1/2 miles distant 2.30 morning; departs 8
+ evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Druid's Cross.]
+
+
+[D] ASKRIGG. This ancient market town is situated near the river Ure and
+Swaledale Forest: it resembles a large village, and the occupations of
+the inhabitants are principally the knitting of stockings and making
+butter or cheese. It is remarkable, chiefly, for some considerable
+cataracts in its neighbourhood: as Millgill Force, a fall of from twenty
+to thirty yards; Whitfields Force, a grand specimen of the picturesque;
+and Hardrow Force, where the water falls in one grand sheet from a
+perpendicular height of one hundred feet. This town is one of the
+polling places appointed under the Reform Bill of 1832, for the North
+Riding.
+
+ _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, May 10, horned cattle; May 12, and
+ first Thursday in June, woollen cloth, pewter, brass, and milliners'
+ goods; October 28, horned cattle; October 29, woollens, &c.
+
+[Sidenote: Cataract 100 feet in height.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+ 45|Askwith to|W.R. York |Otley 3|Skipton 12|
+ 24|Aslackby[A] pa|Lincoln |Folkingham 2|Bourn 7|
+ 27|Aslacton pa|Norfolk |Stratton 4|Buckenham 5|
+ 30|Aslacton pa|Nottingham|Bingham 2|Newark 12|
+ 36|Aspall pa|Suffolk |Eye 6|Debenham 2|
+ 36|Aspal Stoneham pa|Suffolk |Debenham 4|Needham 5|
+ 9|Aspatria[B] to & pa|Cumberland|Cockermouth 8|Wigton 9|
+ 18|Aspedon pa|Herts |Buntingford 1|Stevenage 9|
+ 35|Aspley to|Stafford |Eccleshall 1|Stone 6|
+ 39|Aspley ham|Warwick |Henley-in Ar. 2|Alcester 7|
+ 3|Aspley Guise pa|Bedford |Woburn 2|Ampthill 7|
+ 22|Aspull to|Lancaster |Wigan 3|Bolton 8|
+ 46|Asselby to|E.R. York |Howden 2|Selby 7|
+ 31|Assendon[C] to|Oxford |Henley-on-T. 4|Watlington 7|
+ +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+ 45|Askwith to|Ripley 12| 208| 400|
+ 24|Aslackby[A] pa|Corby 9| 104| 455|
+ 27|Aslacton pa|Diss 9| 97| 359|
+ 30|Aslacton pa|Nottingham 11| 123| 289|
+ 36|Aspall pa|Framlingham 9| 85| 126|
+ 36|Aspal Stoneham pa|Stowmarket 7| 80| 633|
+ 9|Aspatria[B] to & pa|Allonby 4| 311| 761|
+ 18|Aspedon pa|Puckeridge 9| 31| 560|
+ 35|Aspley to|Stafford 7| 148| 26|
+ 39|Aspley ham|Stratford 7| 99| 106|
+ 3|Aspley Guise pa|Wavenden 3| 43| 1014|
+ 22|Aspull to|Chorley 7| 203| 2464|
+ 46|Asselby to|Snaith 7| 178| 297|
+ 31|Assendon[C] to|Nettlebed 3| 39| ...|
+ +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ASLACKBY. In this village, which is on the direct road from London
+to Lincoln, there was a commandery, or associated body of Knights
+Templars, founded in the time of Richard I., by John le Mareshall. It
+afterwards served for the hospitallers, and at the suppression of this
+society, the property was transferred to Edward, Lord Clinton. A
+farm-house, which now occupies the site of the old circular church, is
+called the temple. Of that ancient structure there yet remains a square
+embattled tower of two stories. The lower story is vaulted, and formed
+of eight groins, in the centre of which is displayed eight shields, and
+various coats of arms. The parish church is a handsome building, with an
+embattled tower at the west end. A castle formerly stood here, but no
+vestiges of the walls can now be seen: remnants, however, of the foss
+and earthworks point out the spot where it was situated.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 7.40 morn.; departs 6.45 evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient village.]
+
+
+[B] ASPATRIA, or ASPATRIC, is a long straggling village on the side of a
+hill, about five miles distant from the Irish sea. It now forms part of
+the estate of the Earl of Egremont, but is supposed to have derived its
+name from Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar. On removing the earth of a barrow,
+which stood at Beacon-hill, an eminence about 200 yards to the north of
+the village, in the year 1790, a human skeleton was found in a kind of
+chest, or kistvaen, formed by two large cobblestones at each end, and
+the same on each side. The feet were decayed and rotted off, but from
+the head to the ancle-bone, the skeleton measured seven feet. On
+exposure to the atmospheric air the other bones soon mouldered away.
+Near the shoulder, on the left side, was a broad sword five feet long,
+the guard of which was elegantly inlaid with silver flowers: a dirk, or
+dagger, lay on the right side; it was one foot and a half long, and the
+handle seemed to have been studded with silver. There were likewise
+found part of a golden fibula, or buckle, a broken battle-axe, an
+ornament for the end of a belt, a part of which yet remained, part of a
+spur, and a bit resembling a modern snaffle. Various figures, rudely
+sculptured, remained on the stones which enclosed the left side of the
+chest; they chiefly represented circles, each having within a cross in
+relief. Hayman Rooke, Esq., the learned antiquary, from whose account
+the above particulars are taken, supposed that the personage whose
+remains were found was buried soon after the first dawning of
+Christianity; and also, inferred from the rich ornaments found in the
+tomb, that he was a chieftain of high rank.
+
+[Sidenote: Prodigious skeleton, 7ft. from the head to the ancle-bone.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient relics found.]
+
+
+[C] ASSENDON. At this township is a land spring, reputed the most
+eminent of its kind in England. The water only appears after a
+continuance of wet weather, but then issues forth in such abundance,
+that mills might be turned by the current, and the adjacent lowlands are
+inundated. This spring has been supposed by some to act on the principle
+of a natural syphon, and to be supplied from subterranean sources; but
+this is evidently erroneous, as the seasons of its flowing are uniformly
+after heavy rains.
+
+[Sidenote: Wonderful spring.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+----------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+ 36|Assington pa|Suffolk |Neyland 4|Sudbury 5|
+ 45|Asson-Thorpe ham|W.R. York|Thorne 4|Snaith 5|
+ 7|Astbury[A] pa|Chester |Congleton 2|Sandbach 6|
+ 24|Asterby pa|Lincoln |Horncastle 7|Louth 7|
+ 31|Asthall[B] pa|Oxford |Burford 2|Witney 6|
+ 22|Astley chap|Lancaster|Newton 6|Manchester 11|
+ 33|Astley chap|Salop |Shrewsbury 0|Wellington 11|
+ 39|Astley[C] pa|Warwick |Nuneaton 4|Coleshill 7|
+ 42|Astley[D] pa|Worcester|Bewdley 5|Worcester 9|
+ +--+----------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 36|Assington pa|Hadleigh 7| 57| 641|
+ 45|Asson-Thorpe ham|Doncaster 9| 170| |
+ 7|Astbury[A] pa|Leek 10| 160| 14637|
+ 24|Asterby pa|M. Raisin. 13| 143| 231|
+ 31|Asthall[B] pa|Charlbury 8| 70| 352|
+ 22|Astley chap|Bolton 7| 195| 1832|
+ 33|Astley chap|Oswestry 18| 153| 239|
+ 39|Astley[C] pa|Coventry 7| 98| 340|
+ 42|Astley[D] pa|Kiddermins 5| 121| 849|
+ +--+----------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTBURY, or AUSTBURY, is an extensive village and contains several
+gentlemen's seats. The church is a handsome gothic structure, with a
+lofty steeple. In the church yard are two ancient monuments, ornamented
+with the insignia of knighthood, but the names of the families whose
+memories they were intended to record are now lost. The parish of
+Astbury contains no less than twelve townships, of which the market town
+of Congleton is one. Each of these townships has its overseer and other
+officers, but the whole parish is under the government of one
+church-warden, the office of which is served in rotation by eight
+persons, vulgarly denominated the "Posts of the Parish;" though they
+should properly be called Provosts.
+
+[Sidenote: Contains 12 townships.]
+
+
+[B] ASTHALL. At this village is an old manorial mansion, now used as a
+farm-house, which was formerly the residence of Sir Richard Jones, one
+of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign of Charles the
+First. In the north aisle of the church stands a large stone coffin,
+said to contain the remains of Alice Corbett, concubine to Henry I.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 5 morning; departs 9.35 evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Alice Corbett.]
+
+
+[C] ASTLEY. This manor was held, in the reign of Henry II., by Philip de
+Estley, of the Earl of Warwick, by the service of holding the Earl's
+stirrup when he mounted or alighted from his horse. From this person are
+descended two families, seated at Hill Morton, in this county, and at
+Patshull, in Staffordshire. In the reign of Henry V. the estate passed
+by marriage to the Greys of Ruthin, from whom it descended to Henry
+Grey, Marquis of Dorset, and Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in the reign of
+Queen Mary, for an attempt to make Lady Jane Grey queen. The manor
+belongs at present to F.P. Newdigate, Esq. Astley Castle is surrounded
+by a moat, along the inner edge of which lie the remains of massive
+walls. The habitable part of the mansion is probably not older than the
+time of Mary; but it is clad in a garb of ivy, and other evergreens,
+which renders it singularly picturesque. In one room is preserved a
+portrait of the factious Suffolk, respecting whose capture the following
+particulars are related:--"Finding that he was forsaken, he put himself
+under the trust of one Underwood, as it is said, a keeper of his park
+here at Astley, who hid him for some few days in a large hollow tree,
+standing about two bow-shots from the church; but, being promised a
+reward, he betrayed him." The church of Astley having been made
+collegiate, by Lord Thomas de Astley, was by him rebuilt, and adorned
+with a spire, so lofty that it served as a land-mark in the deep
+wood-lands of the district, and was popularly termed "The lanthorn of
+Arden."--The interior is curious and interesting, although many
+monuments and decorations have been removed or destroyed at various
+times. On an altar-tomb at the west-end are the effigies, in alabaster,
+of a warrior and a lady; and on another, is the mutilated figure of a
+female in a recumbent posture: both are without inscription.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular tenure.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Suffolk betrayed by his keeper.]
+
+
+[D] ASTLEY. This village is situated on the Severn, it was noted before
+the dissolution, for its priory of Benedictines, and is now remarkable
+chiefly for a hermitage formed in the living rock, and recently
+converted into an ale-house. The church, built in the Saxon style of
+architecture, contains some monuments and a few fragments of stained
+glass. Here is the ancient seat called Glasshampton.
+
+[Sidenote: Hermitage.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ 33|Astley Abbots pa|Salop |Bridgenorth 2|M. Wenlock 7|
+ 5|Aston ham|Bucks |Ivinghoe 1|Dunstable 7|
+ 7|Aston to|Chester |Northwich 3|Warrington 8|
+ 7|Aston to & chap|Chester |Frodsham 3|Northwich 8|
+ 10|Aston ham|Derby |Tideswell 6|Castleton 2|
+ 53|Aston to|Flint |Hawarden 2|Flint 6|
+ 17|Aston pa|Hereford |Ludlow 4|Leominster 10|
+ 18|Aston[A] pa|Herts |Stevenage 3|Watton 4|
+ 56|Aston to|Montgomery|Ch. Stretton 10|Montgomery 7|
+ 31|Aston ham|Oxford |Witney 5|Bampton 2|
+ 35|Aston to|Stafford |Drayton 6|Newcastle 6|
+ 39|Aston[B] pa|Warwick |Birmingham 2|Tamworth 13|
+ 46|Aston[C] to & pa|N.R. York |Rotherham 6|Sheffield 8|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 33|Astley Abbots pa|Madeley 6| 142| 666|
+ 5|Aston ham|Leighton 5| 34| 406|
+ 7|Aston to|Frodsham 9| 176| 409|
+ 7|Aston to & chap|Warrington 8| 181| 197|
+ 10|Aston ham|Derwent 3| 164| 104|
+ 53|Aston to|Chester 6| 197| 237|
+ 17|Aston pa|Wigmore 4| 143| 56|
+ 18|Aston[A] pa|Welwyn 6| 30| 494|
+ 56|Aston to|Bishop's Cas. 2| 161| 84|
+ 31|Aston ham|Ensham 7| 69| 699|
+ 35|Aston to|Eccleshall 8| 154| 277|
+ 39|Aston[B] pa|Coleshill 9| 111| 32118|
+ 46|Aston[C] to & pa|Maltby 6| 156| 564|
+ +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTON. The village and manor of Aston was an ancient demesne of the
+Saxon kings. Henry VIII. granted the manor to Sir John Boteler, of
+Walton Wood Hall; but the house now standing at Aston Place, indicates
+earlier antiquity than the time of that sovereign. Westward of the
+village, on the eastern side of the great North road, are six large
+barrows, thought to be of Danish origin; from their immediate proximity
+to the road-side they excite the curiosity and attention of most persons
+travelling northward: two of them have been opened, but were not found
+to contain any thing of sufficient interest to be here recorded.
+
+[Sidenote: The six hills.]
+
+
+[B] ASTON is in the Birmingham division of the Hundred of Hemlingford.
+It may be deemed a part of Birmingham, being inhabited chiefly by
+artisans in the various branches of manufacture for which that town is
+distinguished. Aston Hall, the seat of Heneage Legge, Esq., was first
+erected by Sir Thomas Holt, Bart. in the reign of James I. It was
+several times plundered during the troubles of his successor, who was
+entertained here for two nights a short time before the battle of
+Edgehill, which occurred on October 23, 1642, between the Royalists and
+the Parliamentary forces. Sir T. Holt endowed an alms-house for five
+poor men and women in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Part of Birmingham.]
+
+
+[C] ASTON, is a parish and township with Aughton, in the wapentake of
+Strafforth and Tickhill. In the church, which is dedicated to All
+Saints, is an ancient monument, under which lie buried Lord D'Arcy and
+his three wives. There is also a marble slab to the memory of the poet
+Mason, who was rector of this parish. This distinguished poet was the
+son of a clergyman in Yorkshire, in which county he was born in the year
+1725. He became a student of St. John's College, Cambridge, and
+subsequently a fellow of Pembroke Hall, in the same university. His
+debut in the literary world was made by the publication of "Isis," a
+poem, in which he satirized the Jacobitish and High Church principles of
+the University of Oxford. A reply was written by Thomas Warton, entitled
+"The Triumph of Isis." In 1752 he published a tragedy with choral odes
+on the ancient Greek model, called "Elfrida." Having taken orders in the
+church, he was presented with the living of Aston, and appointed one of
+the royal chaplains. In 1759 appeared his "Caractacus," a drama on a
+kindred plan with the former. Both of these pieces were afterwards
+introduced on the stage, they however met with very little success. In
+1762, Mr. Mason was made precentor of York, to which preferment a
+canonry was annexed. One of his principal works, entitled "The English
+Garden," a poem, in four books, appeared in the years 1772, 1777, 1779,
+and 1781. 4to.; this was translated into French and German. In 1775 he
+published the exquisite poems of his friend Gray, with a Memoir of his
+Life. At the beginning of the American War, Mr. Mason became so active
+an advocate for freedom, as to give offence at court, and he was in
+consequence dismissed from his chaplainship. It is said he felt alarmed
+at the frightful consequences of the French Revolution, and his zeal
+cooled towards the latter end of his life. He died April 7, 1797.
+
+[Sidenote: The poet Mason's monument.]
+
+[Sidenote: An advocate for freedom dismissed from his chaplainship.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+---------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 5|Aston-Abbots pa|Bucks |Aylesbury 5|Winslow 7|
+ 15|Aston-Blank pa|Gloucester|Northleach 4|Stow 5|
+ 33|Aston-Botterill pa|Salop |Bridgenorth 9|Cleobury 7|
+ 39|Aston-Cantlow pa|Warwick |Alcester 4|Henley 4|
+ 5|Aston-Clinton[A] to & pa|Bucks |Tring 4|Ivinghoe 5|
+ 33|Aston-Eyre to|Salop |Bridgenorth 3|M. Wenlock 5|
+ 23|Aston-Flamville to & p|Leicester |Hinckley 3|Lutterworth 8|
+ 7|Aston-Grange to|Chester |Frodsham 4|Northwich 7|
+ 17|Aston-Ingham pa|Hereford |Ross 6|Ledbury 10|
+ 28|Aston on the Walls, to & pa|Northamp |Banbury 8|Daventry 9|
+ 42|Aston-Magna ham|Worcester |Moreton 3|Shipston 6|
+ 31|Aston-Middle to & pa|Oxford |Deddington 3|Woodstock 8|
+ 7|Aston-Mondrum to|Chester |Nantwich 4|Tarporley 8|
+ 31|Aston-North pa|Oxford |Deddington 2|Bicester 9|
+ 31|Aston-Rowant pa|Oxford |Tetsworth 4|Thame 4|
+ 5|Aston-Sandford pa|Bucks |Thame 4|Aylesbury 6|
+ 15|Aston-Somerville pa|Gloucester|Evesham 4|Broadway 4|
+ 31|Aston-Steeple[B] to & pa|Oxford |Deddington 4|Woodstock 7|
+ 15|Aston-Subege pa|Gloucester|Campden 2|Evesham 6|
+ 4|Aston-Tirrold pa|Berks |Wallingford 6|E. Illsley 6|
+ 15|Aston-upon-Carron pa and ti|Gloucester|Tewkesbury 2|Cheltenham 9|
+ 10|Aston-upon-Trent pa|Derby |Derby 6|Ashby 10|
+ 4|Aston-Upthorpe ham|Berks |Wallingford 6|Wantage 9|
+ 28|Astrope, or Asthorpe[C] ham|Northamp |Brackley 6|Banbury 4|
+ 28|Astwell[D] ham|Northamp | ... 6|Towcester 5|
+ +--+---------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|Popul
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|-ation.
+ +--+---------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 5|Aston-Abbots pa|Leighton 6| 40| 303|
+ 15|Aston-Blank pa|Winchcomb 11| 86| 295|
+ 33|Aston-Botterill pa|Ludlow 9| 143| 260|
+ 39|Aston-Cantlow pa|Stratford 6| 99| 940|
+ 5|Aston-Clinton[A] to & pa|Aylesbury 4| 35| 1001|
+ 33|Aston-Eyre to|Madeley 7| 143| 63|
+ 23|Aston-Flamville to & p|Leicester 13| 97| 1703|
+ 7|Aston-Grange to|Warrington 8| 181| 36|
+ 17|Aston-Ingham pa|Newent 3| 120| 591|
+ 28|Aston on the Walls, to & pa|Towcester 11| 71| 240|
+ 42|Aston-Magna ham|Broadway 4| 89| 254|
+ 31|Aston-Middle to & pa|Bicester 9| 64| 121|
+ 7|Aston-Mondrum to|Middlewich 7| 168| 159|
+ 31|Aston-North pa|Woodstock 9| 64| 305|
+ 31|Aston-Rowant pa|Watlington 4| 39| 946|
+ 5|Aston-Sandford pa|P. Risboro' 5| 42| 82|
+ 15|Aston-Somerville pa|Winchcombe 7| 98| 103|
+ 31|Aston-Steeple[B] to & pa|Bicester 9| 64| 562|
+ 15|Aston-Subege pa|Broadway 4| 92| 103|
+ 4|Aston-Tirrold pa|Streatley 5| 50| 343|
+ 15|Aston-upon-Carron pa and ti|Evesham 10| 104| 166|
+ 10|Aston-upon-Trent pa|Loughboro 11| 121| 620|
+ 4|Aston-Upthorpe ham|Abingdon 8| 52| 172|
+ 28|Astrope, or Asthorpe[C] ham|Deddington 5| 69| |
+ 28|Astwell[D] ham|Daventry 13| 64| 118|
+ +--+---------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTON CLINTON is in the first division of Aylesbury hundred. The
+manor was the property of the late Lord Lake, who died in 1808, during
+the trial of General Whitelock, who was cashiered for his misconduct at
+Buenos Ayres at the commencement of that year. At St. Leonard's, a
+hamlet of this parish, about four miles from Aston church, is an ancient
+chapel, said to have been a chantry chapel to the Abbey of Missenden. It
+contains, among other monuments, that of General Cornelius Wood, an
+officer who distinguished himself in the reign of Queen Anne, and who
+died in 1712. It is ornamented with a bust of the general in white
+marble, surrounded with military trophies. This chapel is endowed with
+an estate, vested in ten trustees, who have the appointment of the
+minister.
+
+[Sidenote: Monument of one of Queen Anne's officers.]
+
+
+[B] STEEPLE ASTON. At this village, Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, principal of
+Brazennose College, Oxford, and rector of this church, founded a free
+school in 1640, and endowed it with ten pounds per annum; he died in the
+year 1648, and is buried in the church. He also endowed an alms-house
+for poor women in this parish. A tessalated pavement was ploughed up
+here in the 17th century.
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Samuel Radcliffe.]
+
+
+[C] ASTROPE. This hamlet is in the parish of King's Sutton. The village
+is worthy of remark, from the church having a tower crowned with a
+handsome and lofty spire, decorated with crocketed pinnacles. Here is a
+remarkably fine mineral spring, called St. Rumbald's Well, which was
+formerly in considerable repute. When drank at the fountain head, the
+water is considered a specific in cases of female obstructions, and in
+the first and second stages of consumptions. In the jaundice it seldom
+fails; and in dropsical cases is frequently administered with success.
+Persons whose constitutions have been weakened by free living, find
+themselves renovated by its virtues. The water has a brisk pleasant
+taste, and is very clear and spirituous. Astrope Hall was formerly the
+residence of the Lord Chief Justice Willes.
+
+[Sidenote: A mineral spring famous for curing consumption, jaundice,
+&c.]
+
+
+[D] ASTWELL. In this hamlet is an ancient mansion, formerly the seat of
+the Earl of Ferrers. Several of the rooms exhibit in the wainscot and
+chimney pieces, armorial bearings and other carved decorations. A
+dilapidated room at the east end was formerly a chapel.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Earl Ferrers]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+----------------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ 3|Astwick pa|Bedford |Biggleswade 5|Shefford 6|
+ 5|Astwood pa|Bucks |Newport Pag 6|Woburn 10|
+ 24|Aswarby pa|Lincoln |Folkingham 4|Sleaford 5|
+ 24|Aswardby pa|Lincoln |Spilsby 4|Alford 7|
+ 33|Atcham pa|Salop |Shrewsbury 4|Acton Burn. 6|
+ 39|Atch-Lench ham|Worcester|Evesham 4|Alcester 6|
+ 54|Athan, St.[A] pa|Glamorgan|Cowbridge 4|Cardiff 15|
+ 12|Athelampton pa|Dorset |Dorchester 7|Bere Regis 7|
+ 36|Athelington, or Allington pa|Suffolk |Eye 5|Framlingham 8|
+ 34|Athelney, Isle of |Somerset | | |
+ 11|Atherington pa|Devon |Torrington 7|Barnstaple 8|
+ 39|Atherstone[B] m.t. & pa|Warwick |Nuneaton 6|Sheepy 3|
+ +--+----------------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|Popul
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|-ation.
+ +--+----------------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 3|Astwick pa|Baldock 3| 40| 97|
+ 5|Astwood pa|Olney 6| 51| 268|
+ 24|Aswarby pa|Grantham 12| 110| 113|
+ 24|Aswardby pa|Horncastle 8| 136| 80|
+ 33|Atcham pa|Shiffnal 14| 149| 463|
+ 39|Atch-Lench ham|Pershore 7| 104| 82|
+ 54|Athan, St.[A] pa|Bridgend 10| 174| 312|
+ 12|Athelampton pa|Blandford 13| 116| 79|
+ 36|Athelington, or Allington pa|Debenham 6| 88| 129|
+ 34|Athelney, Isle of | | | |
+ 11|Atherington pa|S. Molton 9| 204| 592|
+ 39|Atherstone[B] m.t. & pa|Tamworth 8| 105| 3870|
+ +--+----------------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ST. ATHAN. In this village is a castle, called East Orchard, built
+in the year 1691, by Roger Berkrols; it stands on the edge of an
+extensive flat: a luxuriant wild fig tree grows out of the cement of the
+chapel walls. Perhaps the Turkey fig tree might be propagated with more
+success, grafted upon this wildling, which probably originated in the
+cultivated fig planted in the gardens of the Norman lords. In St.
+Athan's church there are two uncommonly fine gothic monuments of the
+Berkrol's family: there are likewise in this parish the remains of two
+castles--West Orchard and Castleton; but these are not of such great
+antiquity. From this spot there is a good view of Fonmore, or Fronmon
+Castle, which is the most extensive and august of the Welch inhabited
+castles. The kitchen is said to be the largest in the kingdom. In
+Fronmon castle is an excellent portrait of Oliver Cromwell. The flat and
+steep-holms are seen from this neighbourhood: the former has its
+light-house. It is situated nearly ten miles from the sea lock of the
+canal, and three miles from the adjacent steep-holms, which is a smaller
+island than the former, though more conspicuous from its great height
+above the water; it is quite barren and uninhabited. The flat holms at
+low tide is an extensive sheet of mud, excepting one deep channel. The
+landing place is near the castle rock, a dangerous, but romantic beach,
+so called from its similarity to a castle, it is very large, and is said
+to resemble Abergavenny castle. In the centre is a bold arch, which at
+high water is covered. The hollow sound of the sea roaring through the
+arch, and the waves occasionally retreating, and then forcing their way
+back with redoubled fury, has an uncommonly fine effect. At low tide the
+shore all around the base is dry. The island is four or five miles in
+circumference; the soil is good, and would, if well cultivated, be very
+productive. From the light-house, which is 80 feet in height, is a
+delightful prospect of the Bristol Channel and the shores of Somerset
+and Glamorgan. It is the resort of many visitors in the summer season.
+
+[Sidenote: The largest inhabited castle in Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: Account of the dangerous beach.]
+
+
+[B] ATHERSTONE. This market town is supposed to have derived its name
+from "a stone" under which an "adder" of enormous size was found; it is
+situated on the Watling Street, and divided from Leicestershire by the
+river Anker, and was a place of some importance at the Conquest: at
+which time the town was given to the monks of Bee in Normandy, who
+obtained for it a market day and an annual fair, which brought it into
+consequence. A monastery of friars, (Hermits of Saint Augustine,) was
+founded at Atherstone in the year 1375. The church belonging to the
+friary was completed in the reign of Richard II. A free grammar school
+was founded here by Sir William Devereux and two other benevolent
+persons in the year 1573. The chancel of the friary church was
+appropriated to the use of this seminary, and is still dedicated to the
+same purpose. The mansion, or hall house was sometime after separated
+from the chapel, and rebuilt at a short distance upon a pleasant bank,
+commanding an extensive view over the adjacent counties of Leicester,
+Derby, and Stafford. Two nights before the battle of Bosworth Field
+(which is but nine miles distant), the Duke of Richmond lay at
+Atherstone, where he had his interview with the two Stanley's, in which
+such measures of co-operation were concerted as occasioned the overthrow
+of King Richard III., and it is said, that many persons from the
+subsequent battle were buried below this old mansion, from which the
+spot has retained the name of the bloody bank. It appears, however, to
+have been so called from being the place where contests of less serious
+results were usually decided by the young champions of the ancient
+foundation school, which is still supported by a respectable endowment.
+Atherstone Hall has recently been much improved by extended buildings
+and ornamental plantations. It is situated near Merevale Hall, the seat
+of D.S. Dugdale, Esq., and Grendon Hall, that of Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart.
+Here are manufactories of hats, ribbons, and shalloons, and considerable
+business is done at the four annual fairs; that in September being the
+most considerable in England for the sale of cheese. The passage of the
+Coventry canal, uniting with that of the Trent and Mersey, within a
+hundred yards of the town, adds very considerably to its facilities of
+trading. The poet Drayton, author of the "Polyolbion," was a native of
+Atherstone.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, April 7, for horses, cows, and sheep;
+ July 18, holyday; September 19, for horses, cows, and cheese;
+ December 4, for horses and fat cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 8.41 A.M.;
+ departs 5.36 P.M.--_Inns_, Red Lion, and Three Tuns.--_Bankers_, W.
+ and J.H. Chapman; draw upon Spooner and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: Some foreign monks obtained this market.]
+
+[Sidenote: Atherstone Hall.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ 39|Atherstone-upon-Stour pa|Warwick |Stratford 3|Shipston 9|
+ 22|Atherton, or } |Lancaster |Newton 7|Bolton 5|
+ |Chowbents to & chap } | | | |
+ 10|Atlow chap|Derby |Ashbourn 4|Wirksworth 6|
+ 51|Atpar m.t.|Cardigan |Newcastle 1|Cardigan 10|
+ 30|Attenborough[A] pa|Nottingham|Nottingham 6|Derby 10|
+ 24|Atterly to|Lincoln |Mar. Rising 9|Brigg 10|
+ 45|Attercliffe to|W.R. York |Sheffield 2|Rotherham 4|
+ 23|Atterton ham|Leicester |Atherstone 3|Hinckley 6|
+ 31|Attington ex. p. ham|Oxford |Tetsworth 1|Thame 3|
+ 27|Attleborough[B] m.t. & p|Norfolk |Norwich 15|Buckenham 4|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+ 39|Atherstone-upon-Stour pa|Campden 9| 92| 87|
+ 22|Atherton, or } |Wigan 7| 198| 4181|
+ |Chowbents to & chap } | | | |
+ 10|Atlow chap|Derby 13| 139| 517|
+ 51|Atpar m.t.|Carmarthen 21| 230| |
+ 30|Attenborough[A] pa|Loughboro' 10| 119| 1094|
+ 24|Atterly to|Gainsboro' 12| 148| 110|
+ 45|Attercliffe to|Barnsley 13| 162| 3741|
+ 23|Atterton ham|Nuneaton 5| 105| 76|
+ 31|Attington ex. p. ham|Watlington 6| 42| 7|
+ 27|Attleborough[B] m.t. & p|Watton 10| 94| 1939|
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ATTENBOROUGH. This village, supposed to be the ancient Attenton,
+lies nearly on the banks of the river Trent. Its church is large, and
+also well filled: it serves for Chilwell, Toueton, and part of Bramcote.
+This place is remarkable, for having given birth to Henry Ireton, the
+regicide, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was the eldest son of
+Gervase Ireton, Esq., and brother to Sir John Ireton, Lord Mayor of
+London in 1658. He was a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford,
+in 1629, and at the age of 19 he took one degree in Arts. Wood tells us,
+that he had the character in that college of a stubborn and saucy fellow
+towards the seniors. Afterwards he went to the Middle Temple, where he
+became grounded in the common law. When the rebellion broke out he took
+up arms against the king, was a recruiter in the long parliament, and
+about that time married Bridget, one of the daughters of Cromwell, then
+only colonel of a regiment. He became first a captain, afterwards
+colonel, and at length commissary-general, in 1645. He is said to have
+been the best prayer-maker and preacher in the whole army. He drew up
+the famous remonstrance requiring justice to be done on their sovereign.
+He sat as judge on the king's trial, and was one of the committee that
+appointed the time and place of execution. In Cromwell's expedition to
+Ireland, he was appointed second in command, with the rank of
+major-general, and was afterwards made president of Munster; being left
+as deputy by Cromwell, in 1649, he died the next year of a sudden
+disorder at Limerick. On his death, the parliament settled a pension of
+L2000. per annum on his widow and children, out of the estates of the
+Duke of Buckingham.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of the regicide, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell.]
+
+
+[B] ATTLEBOROUGH, or ATTLEBURGH. This small market town was formerly a
+place of considerable consequence. During the Saxon era it was a post of
+strength and served as a check to the Danes in their predatory
+incursions. Its fortifications are said to have been conspicuous in the
+time of Henry II. Attleborough formerly belonged to the Mortimers; from
+them it passed to the Ratcliffe family, of whom it was purchased by Sir
+Francis Blickley, Bart., whence it came into possession of the family of
+Ash. A college, dedicated to the Holy Cross, was founded here in the
+reign of Richard II., by Sir Robert de Mortimer, for a custos and four
+fellows. The church, with the east end is entire; it is in the
+collegiate form, and consists of a large nave with aisles and a north
+and south transept; it contains the monuments of many persons of
+distinction. On a flat stone in the nave is an inscription to the memory
+of Captain John Gibbs, a celebrated horse racer and gamester, in the
+reign of Charles I. This person having laid a wager that he would drive
+his carriage and four horses up and down the steepest place of the
+Devil's Ditch, on Newmarket Heath, succeeded in winning the bet, by
+making a very light chaise, with a jointed perch, and without any pole.
+It is worthy of remark, that the first turnpike road in the kingdom, was
+made at Attleborough, by an Act passed for that purpose in 1707.
+
+ _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Thursday before Easter; Thursday after
+ Holy Trinity; August 15, for cattle and Toys.--_Mail_ arrives 7.27
+ A.M.; departs 6.38 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of Captain J. Gibbs.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+--------+--------------+--------------+
+ 39|Attleborough ham|Warwick |Nuneaton 1|Coventry 9|
+ 27|Attlebridge pa|Norfolk |Reepham 5|Aylesham 8|
+ 46|Atwicke to & pa|E.R.York|Hornsea 2|Bridlington 12|
+ 24|Auborn to & pa|Lincoln |Lincoln 8|Newark 10|
+ 13|Auckland, St.} | | | |
+ | Andrew[A]} to & pa|Durham |Bp. Auckland 1|Darlington 11|
+ 13|Auckland, St. Helen ch|Durham | ... 3| ... 10|
+ 13|Auckland, West to|Durham | ... 3| ... 10|
+ 14|Audley End[B] ham|Essex |Saff. Walden 1|Newport 2|
+ 7|Audlem to & pa|Chester |Nantwich 6|Whitchurch 9|
+ +--+----------------------+--------+--------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+--------------+
+ 39|Attleborough ham|Hinckley 5| 100| |
+ 27|Attlebridge pa|Norwich 9| 112| 117|
+ 46|Atwicke to & pa|Beverley 13| 189| 285|
+ 24|Auborn to & pa|Navenby 6| 127| 356|
+ 13|Auckland, St.} | | | |
+ | Andrew[A]} to & pa|Durham 11| 248| 11137|
+ 13|Auckland, St. Helen ch| ... 13| 246| 410|
+ 13|Auckland, West to| ... 13| 246| 1106|
+ 14|Audley End[B] ham|Chesterford 4| 42| |
+ 7|Audlem to & pa|Woore 5| 163| 2978|
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ST. ANDREWS, AUCKLAND. This place is celebrated for the church
+having been made collegiate by Bishop Beck, although it is probable
+there was some foundation here before the time of that prelate. The
+edifice is situated on a rising ground, in a valley near the banks of
+the river Gaunless, and has the form of a cross with a tower at the west
+end. In the inside is a curious wooden figure, said to be an effigy of
+one of the family of Polland, which represents a knight sitting
+cross-legged and dressed in a coat of mail, with his hands raised and
+his feet resting on a lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious effigy.]
+
+
+[B] AUDLEY END is principally celebrated for its vicinity to Audley
+House, which was sold by the third Earl of Suffolk, to Charles II., for
+L50,000., the king, however, left a great part of the sum on mortgage.
+The present mansion, though a large and magnificent structure, consists
+only of a small part of the original building, owing to its curtailment
+at various times. When in its perfect state, it was esteemed one of the
+most splendid and capacious mansions in the country; and, if not
+superior, was nearly equal to the palaces of Hampton Court, Nonsuch, and
+Richmond. At the time when it was first built, large, rather than
+comfortable or handsome houses were fashionable. Influenced by these
+sentiments, Thomas Howard, the first Earl of Suffolk, (as Walpole
+observes,) determined to have "an immense pile of building," and
+L190,000. was expended upon its erection. It is said that, when the
+house was finished, King James was invited to see it. Having surveyed
+the structure with great astonishment, the earl asked him "how he liked
+it?" "Very well," replied James, "but troth man," continued he
+sarcastically, "it is too much for a king, but it may do for a Lord High
+Treasurer." An elegant domestic chapel, constructed by the late Lord
+Howard, occupies the north west corner of the house. It is fitted up
+with clustered columns, pointed arches, and fan like tracery; and, in
+imitation of a cathedral, it has a nave, side-aisles and transepts. The
+windows are filled with painted glass, by Pickett of York, who executed
+them in 1771, from Biaggio Rebecca's designs.
+
+ _Fair_, August 5, for cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of James I.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ 35|Audley to & pa|Stafford |Newcastle 4|Leek 14|
+ 22|Aughton chap|Lancaster |Lancaster 7|K. Lonsdale 8|
+ 22|Aughton pa|Lancaster |Ormskirk 2|Liverpool 10|
+ 46|Aughton[A] to & pa|E.R. York |Howden 7|Selby 7|
+ 45|Aughton to|W.R. York |Rotherham 5|Sheffield 7|
+ 24|Aukborough[B] pa|Lincoln |Barton 10|Burton 3|
+ 30|Aukley to|Nottingham|Bawtry 5|Gainsboro' 13|
+ 10|Ault-Hucknall pa|Derby |Mansfield 6|Chesterfield 7|
+ 24|Aunsby pa|Lincoln |Folkingham 6|Sleaford 6|
+ 15|Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]}| | | |
+ | ti. & chap}|Gloucester|Thornbury 4|Bristol 11|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 35|Audley to & pa|Congleton 9| 154| 3617|
+ 22|Aughton chap|Burton 7| 217| 199|
+ 22|Aughton pa|Prescott 10| 208| 1462|
+ 46|Aughton[A] to & pa|York 11| 189| 665|
+ 45|Aughton to|Tickhill 11| 156| |
+ 24|Aukborough[B] pa|Howden 10| 172| 467|
+ 30|Aukley to|Doncaster 6| 158| 297|
+ 10|Ault-Hucknall pa|Bolsover 4| 144| 618|
+ 24|Aunsby pa|Grantham 9| 112| 117|
+ 15|Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]}| | | |
+ | ti. & chap}|Chepstow 5| 123| 203|
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AUGHTON. This village is chiefly distinguished for having been the
+seat of an ancient and respectable family long since extinct, or
+dispersed. The Askes, who succeeded the family of Hai, resided here from
+about the year 1365, till the reign of Charles I., when the head of the
+family was one of the judges of that unfortunate monarch. Of this
+family, also, was Sir Robert Aske, a man of daring and enthusiastic
+courage, possessing considerable talents, who headed the insurrection
+called "the Pilgrimage of Grace," in the days of Henry VIII. Of the
+family seat, nothing remains but the site, marked by several moats.
+
+[Sidenote: Once the seat of Sir Robert Aske.]
+
+
+[B] AUKBOROUGH. Dr. Stukely having discovered a Roman castrum and a
+vicinal road here, supposed it to be the Aquis of Ravennas. The Roman
+station is square, each side 300 feet; the entrance is at the north, and
+the west side faces the steep cliff that over-hangs the Trent. The
+situation of this castle at the north-west angle of Lincolnshire,
+renders it a kind of watch tower over Nottingham and Yorkshire, which it
+surveys. The camp is now called "Countess Close," and tradition speaks
+of a Countess of Warwick having resided here. The vallum and ditch are
+nearly entire; a square plat called the "Oreen," is supposed to have
+been appropriated for the soldiers when on duty. Within this is a round
+walk into a labyrinth, called Julian's Bower; these bowers are usually
+found in the neighbourhood of Roman towns, and are objects of great
+curiosity to uninformed people. Dr. Stukeley is of opinion that they
+were the arena of some of their ancient games, brought into Italy from
+Troy, and that they derived their name from "borough," any work
+consisting of ramparts of earth, and not from "bower" an arbour. The
+views in this neighbourhood are very beautiful; the winding Trent with
+its rich level plains of meadow, all alive with herds of cattle; the
+cliff, commanding a noble view of the three rivers; the hanging woods
+and ornamented walks, all form a great contrast to what Lincolnshire is
+often represented by those who have visited only the fenny parts of this
+fertile county.
+
+[Sidenote: Julian's bower.]
+
+
+[C] AUST, or AUST CLIVE. Here is a celebrated ferry over the Severn into
+South Wales. The Propraetor, Ostorius Scapula, was accustomed to ferry
+his legions over near this place. In the time of Edward the Elder, who
+was lying here with his army, Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, was stationed
+at Beachley, on the opposite bank. Llewellyn, who was required to pay
+homage to the English Sovereign, refused to cross the passage; but
+Edward immediately crossing in a boat, was seen, as he approached the
+shore by Llewellyn, who, overcome by the condescension, rushed into the
+water, and taking the monarch upon his shoulders, carried him to land,
+and did him homage for the principality. The Severn is here nearly two
+miles across.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated passage into South Wales.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+ 8|Austell, or St. }| | | |
+ | Austle[A] m.t. & pa}|Cornwall |Truro 14|Lostwithiel 9|
+ 45|Austerfield to & chap|W.R. York |Bawtry 2|Thorne 11|
+ 7|Austerson to|Chester |Northwich 4|Frodsham 6|
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 8|Austell, or St. }| | | |
+ | Austle[A] m.t. & pa}|Grampound 6| 243| 8758|
+ 45|Austerfield to & chap|Doncaster 9| 155| 280|
+ 7|Austerson to|Tarporley 10| 177| 69|
+ +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ST. AUSTELL is a considerable market town, which belongs to the
+north-eastern division of the county, and is one of the polling places.
+The petty sessions of the hundred of Powder are held here. Considerable
+quantities of corn and other articles are brought to the market. The
+town is seated on the eastern side of a hill which slopes gradually to a
+rivulet which runs along a narrow valley; this stream, and the
+inequality of the ground, have been rendered eminently useful to the
+manufactories of the neighbourhood. The water which has been conducted
+round the side of the hills, in its course impels the machinery of
+several stamping-mills, which have been erected on different levels. It
+is also employed to cleanse and separate the tin from the pounded mass.
+Through its vicinity to the great tin mine of Polgooth, St. Austell has
+within the last sixty or seventy years, considerably increased in the
+number of its houses and inhabitants. The holding of the Blackmore Court
+here, which is the most considerable of the stannary courts, or courts
+relating to the tin works, have also contributed to augment its
+prosperity. The old town, or rather village, was at some little distance
+to the east, and its site is still marked by a few cottages; the present
+town is the regular thoroughfare for travellers from Plymouth to
+Falmouth; the streets are very narrow, and not having any pavement for
+foot passengers are somewhat unsafe. The only blowing houses in the
+county are at the east end of this town; they are three in number, and
+very spacious; the old smelting houses are supplied with coals, and are
+reverberatory; but in these blowing houses the fire is of charcoal, and
+ignited by air impelled through tubes by cylinders instead of bellows;
+this mode of fluxing the ore is considered by the workmen far preferable
+to the other. The inhabitants of this town, from its proximity to the
+sea, are principally employed in the pilchard fishery and in mining;
+there is however a small manufactory of serges. The parish church is a
+fine old fabric, consisting of three aisles; the tower and some other
+parts of the structure are fancifully ornamented; various carvings,
+monstrous heads, angels, and other figures appear on the cornices. From
+the repetition of the shovel, pick, hammers, and other tools, it seems
+probable that the miners were the principle contributors towards the
+expences of the building. In the year 1774, as some tinners were
+searching for tin in a stream work near the town, about seventeen feet
+under the surface of the ground, they discovered a silver cup, which is
+now used for wine at the Communion table, in which were several ancient
+pieces of gold and silver ornaments; they consisted of bracelets, rings,
+and buckles, evidently for a person of high rank, with many of the most
+curious Saxon coins ever discovered at one time. All these articles fell
+out on moving the ground, and some were probably lost in shovelling out
+the rubbish; those which were picked up were dispersed about the
+country, and many of them broken. The celebrated Pentuan stone quarry,
+from which the materials of many churches and family seats have been
+taken, is in this parish. Polgooth mine (before mentioned) was
+considered the richest ever worked in England, and is situated about two
+miles south-west of the town. The surrounding country appears for many
+miles bleak, desolate, and barren, yet its bowels contain vast
+treasures; though, as a talented author has observed, "like the shabby
+mien of a miser, its aspect does not correspond with its hoards." The
+shafts by which the miners descend, and through which the ore is raised
+to the surface, are scattered over a considerable extent of sterile
+ground, whose dreary appearance, and the sallow countenances of the
+miners, concur to excite ideas of gloom, apprehension, and melancholy.
+The number of shafts is not less than fifty, from twenty to thirty of
+which are constantly in use. When a stranger is induced to descend, he
+is previously accoutred in a flannel shirt and trowsers, a close cap, an
+old hat to shelter his face from droppings, and a thick pair of shoes. A
+lighted candle is put into one hand, and a spare one suspended to a
+button of his jacket. Every part of the ordinary clothing is laid aside,
+and the flannel dress worn close to the skin, in order to absorb the
+profuse perspiration which the closeness of the mine or the labour of
+mounting the ladders may occasion.
+
+ _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, Whit Thursday, and Nov. 30, for oxen,
+ sheep, and cloth.--_Mail_ arrives 12.35 afternoon; departs 10.27.
+ morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Blackmore Court held here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Silver cup found 17 ft. under ground.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ 45|Austhorpe[A] to|W.R. York |Leeds 4|Wetherby 10|
+ 9|Austhwaite ham|Cumberland|Ravenglass 11|Ulverston 10|
+ 45|Austonley to|W.R. York |Huddersfield 8|Barnsley 9|
+ 39|Austrey pa|Warwick |Tamworth 6|Atherstone 7|
+ 45|Austwick to|W.R. York |Settle 5|Ingleton 9|
+ 24|Authorpe pa|Lincoln |Alford 4|Louth 7|
+ 41|Avebury, or Abury[B] pa|Wilts |Marlborough 7|Swindon 11|
+ 14|Aveley pa|Essex |Purfleet 2|G. Thurrock 4|
+ 17|Avenbury pa|Hereford |Bromyard 2|Ledbury 13|
+ 15|Avening pa|Gloucester|Tetbury 4|M. Hampton 5|
+ 30|Averham[C] pa|Nottingham|Newark 3|Southwell 5|
+ 11|Aveton-Gifford pa|Devon |Modbury 3|Dartmouth 13|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+ 45|Austhorpe[A] to|Abberford 5| 189| 150|
+ 9|Austhwaite ham|Bootle 7| 283| 101|
+ 45|Austonley to|Wakefield 11| 181| 1420|
+ 39|Austrey pa|Orton 2| 112| 540|
+ 45|Austwick to|Hawes 20| 241| 614|
+ 24|Authorpe pa|Horncastle 13| 144| 121|
+ 41|Avebury, or Abury[B] pa|Calne 6| 82| 747|
+ 14|Aveley pa|Wennington 4| 21| 758|
+ 17|Avenbury pa|Hereford 15| 125| 314|
+ 15|Avening pa|Horseley 3| 99| 2396|
+ 30|Averham[C] pa|Tuxford 13| 127| 182|
+ 11|Aveton-Gifford pa|Kingsbridge 5| 208| 939|
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] AUSTHORPE. This township gave birth to the celebrated civil engineer
+John Smeaton, distinguished as the architect of Eddystone Light-house,
+and, as the conductor of various other important undertakings. He was
+the son of an attorney, who, observing that he had a strong taste for
+mechanics, wisely allowed him to follow the impulse of his genius, and
+become a mathematical instrument maker. He commenced business in that
+capacity, in Holborn, London, in 1750. His great undertaking--the
+erection of the light-house on the Eddystone rock, was accomplished in
+the year 1759, and it was executed in such a manner as almost to bid
+defiance to the power of time or accident. His death took place in his
+native village, September 8, 1792.--See Eddystone Light-house.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of Smeaton the architect.]
+
+
+[B] AVEBURY or ABURY, is situated within the very area of a British
+temple, and claims the particular attention of the topographer and
+antiquary. The enclosure, which is formed by a wide and deep ditch, and
+a lofty external vallum, contains many large stones, some of which are
+erect, and the others lying on the ground. Southward of this place, at
+some distance, are other large stones, erect or prostrate; and,
+westward, are two others, erect. Several walls and houses of the village
+are constructed with broken masses of these ponderous monuments; yet
+enough remains to excite curiosity and prompt research. The following is
+a description of this great temple, in its original state:--Immediately
+within the ditch, and encompassing the whole area, was a continued
+series of large upright stones, consisting of one hundred in number;
+these stones were placed at the distance of twenty-seven feet from each
+other, and usually measured from fifteen to seventeen feet in height,
+and about forty feet in circumference. Within the area of this circle,
+the diameter of which was about 1400 feet, were two double circles; the
+exterior circles were about 466 feet in diameter, and formed by thirty
+stones of similar dimensions equally distant from each other, as in the
+large enclosing circle. Of these singular stones there are but few
+remaining; but from the extraordinary dimension of these relics of
+antiquity, the traveller may judge for himself the correctness of our
+notice.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives at Beckhampton Inn, (1 mile distant,) at 5.20 morning;
+ departs 9.45 night.
+
+[Sidenote: A British temple formed of enormous stones.]
+
+
+[C] AVERHAM. This place is principally remarkable for a monument
+contained in the church erected to the memory of Sir William Sutton,
+once lord of the manor, on which it is quaintly recorded that he had
+sixteen children, and an equal number of each sex; of whom the one half
+
+ "Ushered to heaven their father, and the other
+ Remained behind him to attend their mother."
+
+ | | |
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+ 4|Avington[A] pa|Berks |Hungerford 3|Newbury 6|
+ 18|Avington[B] pa|Hants |Winchester 5|Alresford 4|
+ 41|Avon chap|Wilts |Chippenham 3|Malmsbury 9|
+ 39|Avon Dassett pa|Warwick |Banbury 6|Kineton 6|
+ 11|Awliscombe pa|Devon |Honiton 2|Ottery St.M. 6|
+ 16|Awre pa|Gloucester|Blakeney 3|Berkeley 3|
+ 34|Axbridge[C] bo. m.t. & p|Somerset |Wells 10|Chedder 2|
+ 41|Axford ti|Wilts |Marlborough 3|Ramsbury 4|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+ | | |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 4|Avington[A] pa|Kintbury 2| 62| 191|
+ 18|Avington[B] pa|Basingstoke 14| 60| 26|
+ 41|Avon chap|Calne 7| 94| 226|
+ 39|Avon Dassett pa|Southam 9| 75| |
+ 11|Awliscombe pa|Collumpton 10| 154| 598|
+ 16|Awre pa|Newnham 4| 124| 1309|
+ 34|Axbridge[C] bo. m.t. & p|Bristol 18| 130| 998|
+ 41|Axford ti|Albourne 5| 73| 450|
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AVINGTON. Sir Francis Burdett is lord of this manor, and patron of
+the rectory. The church, which remains nearly in its original state,
+exhibits a curious specimen of Saxon architecture. Within the walls it
+measures 75 feet by 14 feet and a half. The nave is separated from the
+chancel by an arch richly ornamented by a zig-zag moulding, and a great
+variety of grotesque heads springing from two enriched piers; the arch
+is formed of the segments of two circles, each having different centres.
+In this church there is also a very singular font, of rude workmanship,
+surrounded with grotesque figures, executed in bass-relief; that is to
+say, sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out from the ground in
+their full proportion.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Francis Burdett.]
+
+
+[B] AVINGTON, anciently Abyngton, is remarkable for its beautiful park,
+the seat of Chandos Grenville, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Lieutenant of
+the county of Bucks. The manor was originally a royal demesne, or estate
+in lands, and was given by king Edgar to the monastery of St. Swithin at
+Winchester, in the year 961; it continued in the possession of that
+house until the dissolution of monasteries, when it became the property
+of the clerks of Mitcheldever, (a village about five miles distant,)
+with whom it remained until the reign of Elizabeth; and then passed to
+the Bruges, or Brydges family, afterwards raised to the dukedom of
+Chandos. Anna Maria Brudenell, the infamous Countess of Shrewsbury,
+married one of this family; her former husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury,
+died from a wound received in a duel with the Duke of Buckingham, during
+the fighting of which the Countess had the audacity to hold the horse of
+her gallant, disguised as a page. Charles the Second was frequently the
+guest of this notorious woman at the mansion of Avington, which thus
+became the scene of that licentious monarch's pleasures. The mansion,
+which is mostly built of brick, has been greatly improved since it came
+into the possession of the present proprietor. It is situated in a well
+planted and secluded valley, nearly environed with high downs, which
+from their bare and open state, form a singular though not unpleasing
+contrast with the scenery immediately contiguous to the house. Several
+of the apartments are fitted up with great elegance, and enriched by a
+choice collection of valuable paintings.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Buckingham.]
+
+[Sidenote: A seat of one of the paramours of Charles II.]
+
+
+[C] AXBRIDGE. This town is one of the polling places for the eastern
+division of the county of Somerset, but the court for the election of
+the Knights of the Shire is at Wells. The borough sent members to
+parliament during the reigns of the three first Edwards, but was
+afterwards excused on the plea of poverty. It consists chiefly of one
+street, winding from east to west, about half a mile in length. The
+shambles and market are towards the east end. Although so small, it is
+governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, bailiff, and ten
+aldermen, and twenty-two burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, and
+other officers. Knit hose are manufactured in this town. The church,
+occupying an eminence, near the market-house, is a large and handsome
+gothic structure, in the form of a cross. The cloth of the communion
+table is elegantly wrought in silk, by Mrs. Abigail, who employed seven
+years in completing it. This lady, and several of her family, have
+monuments in the church.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Feb 23, and March 25, for cattle,
+ sheep, cheese, and toys.--_Mail_ arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.0
+ morning.
+
+[Sidenote: A borough excused on a plea of poverty.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+ 11|Axminster[A] m.t.|Devon |Bridport 12|Honiton 10|
+ 11|Axmouth pa|Devon |Colyton 3|Sidmouth 9|
+ 13|Aycliffe-Great} |Durham |Darlington 5|Sedgfield 7|
+ | to & p} | | | |
+ 29|Aydon to|Northumb |Hexham 6|Corbridge 2|
+ 29|Aydon-Castle to|Northumb | 6| 2|
+ 15|Aylburton chap|Gloucester|Blakeney 5|Coleford 7|
+ 11|Aylesbear to& pa|Devon |Ottery, St.M. 5|Exeter 10|
+ 5|Aylesbury[B] bo.}|Bucks |Tring 7|Winslow 11|
+ | m.t. & pa}| | | |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+ 11|Axminster[A] m.t.|Lyme Regis 6| 147| 2719|
+ 11|Axmouth pa| " " 6| 153| 646|
+ 13|Aycliffe-Great} |Durham 13| 246| 1564|
+ | to & p} | | | |
+ 29|Aydon to|Newcastle 15| 277| 99|
+ 29|Aydon-Castle to| 15| 277| 29|
+ 15|Aylburton chap|Chepstow 8| 120| 388|
+ 11|Aylesbear to & pa|Sidmouth 8| 166| 1025|
+ 5|Aylesbury[B] bo.}|Wendover 5| 38| 4907|
+ | m.t. & pa}| | | |
+ +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] AXMINSTER is very irregularly built, and the houses are inelegant,
+but the air of the town is reckoned highly salubrious. The petty
+sessions of the hundred of Axminster are held here. The lower orders are
+mostly employed in manufacturing carpets, leather breeches, gloves, &c.
+The manner of weaving carpets here is different from that pursued at
+most other places; the carpets being woven in the piece, and several
+hands employed at the same loom. The common patterns are flowers, roses,
+&c., though the Turkey and Persian carpets have been imitated with
+success. In many large pieces Roman tesselated pavements have been
+copied, which have produced a very rich effect. The tunnel between
+Charmouth and was opened in the month of January, 1832. This improvement
+is substantially constructed with an elliptic arch, capable of allowing
+two stage waggons of the largest size to pass on it, and is rather more
+than seventy yards in length. By the completion of this tunnel the
+longest and steepest hill between London and Exeter is avoided. A
+gentleman who visited the tunnel during the height of the ensuing
+summer, remarked the astonishing coolness which he felt within this
+hill's enclosed semi-cylinder; no sooner, however, had he left it, than
+he fainted from the difference of temperature between this subterraneous
+passage and that of the open air.
+
+ _Market_. Saturday--_Fairs_, St. Marks Day; April 30; Wednesday after
+ June 24; Wednesday after Oct 10.--_Mail_ arrives 1.20 afternoon;
+ departs 12.51 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Trade.]
+
+[Sidenote: A remarkable tunnel through a lofty hill.]
+
+
+[B] AYLESBURY. The AEglesbury of the Saxons, is a considerable market
+town, situated near the centre of the county, rising gradually on all
+sides in a rich and extensive tract, denominating the "Vale of
+Aylesbury." Drayton in his Poly-Albion has the following lines
+descriptive of this celebrated vale:--
+
+ Aylesbury's vale that walloweth in her wealth,
+ And (by her wholesome air continually in health)
+ Is lusty, firm, and fat; and holds her youthful strength.
+
+This was originally a strong British town, which maintained its
+independence till the year 571, when it was reduced by the West Saxons.
+In the year 600, it became famous as the burial place of St. Osyth, who
+was born at Quarrendon, two miles distance, and beheaded in Essex by the
+Pagans. Her relics were interred in this church, and are said to have
+performed many miracles; a religious house was founded in honour of
+William the Conqueror, who parcelled it out under the singular
+tenure:--that the tenants should find litter or straw for the king's
+bedchamber three times a year, if he came that way so often, and provide
+him with three eels in winter, and three green geese in summer. In the
+reign of Henry VIII., the manor was sold by Thomas Boleyn, Earl of
+Wilts, father of Queen Anne Boleyn, to Sir John Baldwin, whose daughter
+took it in marriage to Robert Pakington, who was murdered in the year
+1537, on account of his zeal for the reformed religion. It continued in
+this family till the year 1801, when it was sold by Sir John Pakington,
+Bart., to the Marquis of Buckingham. How completely the manor and the
+town itself were in the possession of the Pakington family, will appear
+from the following remarkable letter preserved in the Chapel of the
+Rolls, among the returns of Parliament writs of the fourteenth of Queen
+Elizabeth:--"To all Christian people, to whom this present writing shall
+come: I, Dorothy Pakington, late wife of Sir John Pakington, lord and
+owner of the town of Aylesbury, send greeting. Know ye me, the said
+Dorothy Pakington, to have chosen, named, and appointed my trusty and
+well-beloved Thomas Litchfield, and George Burden, Esqrs., to be my
+burgesses of my said town of Aylesbury; and whatever the said Thomas and
+George, burgesses, shall do in the service of the Queen's Highness in
+the Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the 8th of May next
+ensuing the date hereof, I the same Dorothy Pakington do ratify and
+approve to be of my own act as fully and wholly as if I were witness or
+present there. In witness whereof, to these presents, I have set my
+seal, this 4th day of May, in the 14th year of the reign of my Sovereign
+Lady Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland,
+Queen, &c." Aylesbury was made a borough town by a charter of Queen
+Mary, in 1554. The Reform Bill has made no alteration in the number of
+members. The electors are those of the old constituency, consisting of
+freeholders of the hundred, and house-keepers not receiving alms; the
+freeholders of the hundred are estimated at 838; and the ten pound
+householders at 314; total 1152. The limits of the borough are
+unaltered, and the returning officers are the constables of the borough.
+The town is also one of the polling places for this county, which now
+returns three members. The county gaol is still at Aylesbury, but the
+Summer Assizes were restored to Buckingham, through the exertions of
+Lord Cobham and the Grenville family in the year 1758. The only
+manufacture at Aylesbury is that of lace-making: the weekly market is a
+very plentiful one for provision, and much business is done here at the
+annual fairs.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday--_Fairs_, Friday after Jan. 18; Saturday before
+ Palm Sunday; May 8; June 14; September 25; October 12, for cattle.
+ _Bankers_, Rickford and Son, draw on Praed's and Co--_Mail_ arrives
+ 12.40 morning; departs 2.19 morning.--_Inns_, George, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: St. Osyth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular tenure of this manor.]
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable Parliamentary writ.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+ 24|Aylesby pa|Lincoln |G. Grimsby 4|Barton 17|
+ 21|Aylesford[A] pa|Kent |Maidstone 4|Rochester 5|
+ 23|Aylestone to & pa|Leicester|Leicester 3|Lutterworth 10|
+ 27|Aylmerton pa|Norfolk |Cromer 3|Holt 9|
+ +--+------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 24|Aylesby pa|Caistor 9| 166| 144|
+ 21|Aylesford[A] pa|Wrotham 8| 32| 1301|
+ 23|Aylestone to & pa|Hinckley 10| 96| 758|
+ 27|Aylmerton pa|Aylsham 2| 125| 284|
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AYLESFORD is seated on the banks of the Medway, by which the parish
+is divided. The church is so singularly situated, from being placed on a
+rising ground, that persons in the churchyard can almost look down the
+chimnies of the houses. The neighbourhood is famed as having been the
+spot where, we are told by ancient historians, a sanguinary battle was
+fought in 445, between the Britons and Saxons; the conflict having taken
+place about five years after the first landing of the latter in Britain.
+It appears from our chronicles that Vortimer, then monarch of this
+island, having first defeated his enemies on the banks of the Darent, in
+Kent, pursued their routed forces to Aylesford; at which place the
+Saxons had passed to the eastern side of the Medway, where a most
+obstinate and bloody battle took place between the contending armies,
+when the fate of the day, having long remained undecided, at length
+terminated favourably for the Britons. In that decisive affair, Horsa,
+brother of Hengist, the Saxon chief, and Catigrinus, brother to King
+Vortimer, are said to have contended hand to hand, when both died
+bravely upon the spot. Horsa, | if tradition may be credited, was
+interred about three miles north of Aylesford, at a spot still bearing
+the name of Horsted; that is to say, "the place of Horsa;" where, in the
+adjoining fields, large stones are still dispersed over the soil; some
+in erect positions, while others, from lapse of time, have been thrown
+down; being, there is little doubt, placed there as memorials of the
+Saxon warriors slain in that famous encounter. Prince Cartigrinus is
+supposed to have been inhumed still nearer the field of slaughter, on
+the summit of an acclivity, about one mile north of Aylesford, and a
+quarter of a mile west from the high road leading from Rochester to
+Maidstone; at which place, Kitt's Cotty House still stands, as
+represented in our engraving. This memorial consists of four large
+stones, of the pebble kind, two placed in the ground, being partly
+upright, forming two sides, a third standing in the middle between them,
+while the fourth, being the largest, is laid transversely over them,
+thus forming a covering. None of these stones bear the imprint of the
+chisel, or any sign whatsoever of manual labour. Alfred and Edmund
+Ironside defeated the Danes in this vicinity. Sir Charles Sedley, of
+poetical and dissolute notoriety, was a native of this place; as was
+also Sir Paul Rycaut, the celebrated eastern traveller.
+
+[Sidenote: The site of a Saxon battle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Kitt's Cotty House.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ 27|Aylsham[A] m.t. & pa|Norfolk |Norwich 12|Cromer 11|
+ 17|Aylton pa|Hereford |Ledbury 4|Ross 11|
+ 17|Aymestery to & pa|Hereford |Leominster 9|Kington 11|
+ 28|Aynho[B] pa|Northamp |Brackley 6|Banbury 7|
+ 18|Ayott, St. Lawrence pa|Herts |Welwyn 3|Luton 7|
+ 18|Ayott, St. Peter pa|Herts | 2|Hatfield 5|
+ 43|Aysgarth to & pa|N.R. York|Middleham 9|Askrigg 4|
+ 32|Ayston pa|Rutland |Uppingham 1|Okeham 6|
+ 43|Ayton East to & pa|N.R. York|Scarborough 4|N. Malton 16|
+ 43|Ayton West to|N.R. York| 5| 16|
+ 43|Ayton Great to & pa|N.R. York|Stokesley 4|Guisboro' 5|
+ 43|Ayton Little to & pa|N.R. York| 4| 5|
+ 45|Azerley, or Cozenley to|W.R. York|Ripon 5|Masham 5|
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+ 27|Aylsham[A] m.t. & pa|Reepham 7| 118| 2334|
+ 17|Aylton pa|Hereford 11| 124| 126|
+ 17|Aymestery to & pa|Ludlow 11| 146| 1006|
+ 28|Aynho[B] pa|Buckingham 11| 63| 664|
+ 18|Ayott, St. Lawrence pa|St. Albans 7| 28| 134|
+ 18|Ayott, St. Peter pa| 7| 25| 271|
+ 43|Aysgarth to & pa|Reeth 7| 241| 5796|
+ 32|Ayston pa|Rockingham 6| 90| 101|
+ 43|Ayton East to & pa|Whitby 20| 217| 360|
+ 43|Ayton West to| 20| 217| 256|
+ 43|Ayton Great to & pa|Stockton 10| 240| 1105|
+ 43|Ayton Little to & pa| 10| 240| 68|
+ 45|Azerley, or Cozenley to|Bedale 11| 217| 579|
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] AYLSHAM is situated on the southern side of the river Brue, which is
+navigable hence to Yarmouth, for barges of about 13 tons burthen.
+Aylsham during the reigns of Edward II. and III., was the chief town in
+this part of the kingdom for the linen manufacture; but in succeeding
+reigns, that business was superseded by the woollen manufacture; and in
+the time of James I., the inhabitants were principally employed in
+knitting worsted stockings, breeches, and waistcoat pieces. Since the
+introduction of frame knitting, that trade has also been lost; the town
+is governed by a bailiff. Aylsham church is said to have been erected by
+John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the court of which duchy was at one
+period held here. There is a spa in the neighbourhood, the water of
+which has obtained considerable reputation for its medicinal properties
+in chronic disorders.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, March 23; last Tuesday in September for
+ lean cattle, ordinary horses, and pedlary; and October 6, for
+ cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 12.30 afternoon; departs 2.0
+ afternoon.--_Bankers_, Copeman and Co., draw upon Hankey and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: Trade.]
+
+
+[B] AYNHO is a large and respectable village seated on a rock, below
+which issues a powerful spring of water, called the Town Well, which
+after running through the vale below, contributes to the supply of the
+Charwell. The church contains numerous monuments, several of which
+belong to the Cartwright family, who have long been in possession of the
+manor, and whose descendant R.W. Cartwright, Esq., has a handsome seat,
+the interior of which is adorned with a fine collection of paintings. An
+hospital was founded here for poor and sick travellers. The building is
+still standing, but is now occupied as a private house.
+
+[Sidenote: Town Well.]
+
+
+ RIVERS.
+ +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+ Name. | Rises. | Falls.
+ +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+ Aire[A] | Yorkshire | Ouse.
+ Alan | Cornwall | St. George's Channel.
+ Ald | Suffolk | Sea near Aldborough.
+ Alder | Sussex | Sea at Shoreham
+ Allen | Dorsetshire | Stour
+ Allen | Flintshire |
+ Allow, East | Durham | Tyne.
+ Allow, West | Northum | Tyne.
+ Allow, West | Anglesea | Irish Sea
+ Alne[B] | Northumb | Tyne.
+ Alt | Lancashire | Irish Sea
+ Amond | Caermar | Lougher
+ Ancholme[C] | Lincolnshire | Humber.
+ Ande | Hants |
+ Angel | Montgom | Dovey.
+ Ankham | Lincolnshire | Humber.
+ Anker | Leicestersh | Tame.
+ Annisor | Pembrokesh | Irish Sea
+ Arrow | Herefordsh | Lug
+ Arrow | Worcestersh | Avon.
+ Arth | Cardigansh | Irish Sea.
+ Artro | Merionethsh | Landeber.
+ Arun | Sussex | Sea.
+ Astery | Sussex | Sea.
+ Atree | Cornwall | Tamer.
+ Aune | Devonshire | Sea.
+ Avon Upper[D] | Northamp | Severn.
+ Avon Lower[E] | Wiltshire | English Channel.
+ Avon | Glamorgansh | Severn.
+ Avon, West | Goucestersh | Severn.
+ Avon | Monmouthsh | Uske.
+ Avon | Merionethsh | Irish Sea.
+ Axe | Dorsetshire | British Channel.
+ Axe | Somersetsh | Severn.
+ Ayron | Cardigansh | Irish Sea.
+ +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+
+
+[A] AIRE, (The) rises from a small lake on the moors of Yorkshire,
+north-east from Settle, descending through Aire-dale and Craven in its
+course to the south-east, which it pursues as far as Leeds, where,
+turning eastward, and meeting the Calder, it passes under Ferrybridge,
+flowing through the flattest portion of Yorkshire; and receiving the
+Don, a little north of Snaith, it unites with the Ouse above Booth
+Ferry, near Howden. This river is of greater extent than the Calder, and
+much its superior in navigation, being also joined by numerous canals
+from the west. Its origin is almost mountainous, in the midst of the
+wildest moors; and Aire-dale retains much of the same characteristic
+features of that line of country. The district of Craven is singularly
+romantic, being a rich vale, bounded by high hills, with the town of
+Skipton in its centre; below which it forms a beautiful valley to
+Keighley, full of trade and population; the Aire passes the picturesque
+ruin of Kirkstall Abbey, in its way to Leeds, the manufactories and
+villas of which flourishing place, and its vicinity, encompass its
+banks; after which it divides one of the richest plains in the kingdom
+to Ferrybridge, not far from the eminence where the town of Pontefract
+appears a conspicuous object, with its ruined castle and ancient church.
+Afterwards the Aire can boast little of beauty, as it advances through a
+level district to join the Ouse.
+
+[Sidenote: Booth Ferry.]
+
+[Sidenote: Kirkstall Abbey.]
+
+
+[B] ALNE, (The) is a small river which rises on the border of
+Roxburgshire, but within the limits of Northumberland, and a little
+north of the source of the Coquet. The great and attractive objects
+which grace its borders are placed in the far-extended territory of the
+Duke of Northumberland, at the entrance to which the lofty building,
+called Brisley Tower, thickly environed by plantations, overlooks all
+the wild country of Northumberland, including the bold range of
+Cheviot-hills on the north-west, close to the Scottish border. The Alne
+then enters a charming valley, beneath the ivied walls of Hulne Abbey,
+winding delightfully between lawns, woods, and groupes of trees and
+cottages, admirably disposed. From these monastic and rustic recesses,
+the river emerges into a spacious park, widened considerably by art, and
+gliding through the arches of a fine Castellan bridge, is proudly
+overlooked by the numerous towers, and lofty citadel of Alnwick Castle,
+the superb seat of the Northumberland family.
+
+[Sidenote: Brisley Tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alnwick Castle.]
+
+
+[C] ANCHOLME. This small river, rising in the wolds of Lincolnshire, not
+far from Market Raisin, is navigable from Glandford Bridge to the
+Humber, and in its course intersecting the extensive tract of the Wolds,
+which stretches out from Lincoln northward to Barton, and forms a ridge
+across some intermediate valleys, terminates in the fens near Spilsby
+Louth. Brocklesby Park, in the extensive domains of Lord Yarborough,
+occupies the centre of this district, on the highest point of which his
+lordship has built a superb chapel and mausoleum, in a very excellent
+Grecian taste, adorned with appropriate statues and marbles, from Italy.
+This building, from its position, commands the whole surrounding
+country, with the port of Hull, across the Humber; forming also a
+sea-mark, and an interesting object, admirable for the elegance of its
+design and execution. Thornton College is a curious remnant of antiquity
+in this neighbourhood, founded in the reign of King Stephen; great part
+of which is yet preserved, with some modern additions.
+
+
+[D] AVON, (The Upper) rising in Northamptonshire, on the borders of
+Leicestershire, adds great beauty to the delightful territory of Warwick
+Castle, as it flows beneath the cliff on which those lofty towers
+projecting before the town and church are situated. It then glides
+through a charming country to Stratford-on-Avon, celebrated as the
+birth-place of Shakspeare, and where the remains of the immortal bard
+are deposited. From thence it traverses the great level of
+Worcestershire by Evesham, having received the lesser Stour at
+Stratford, and turning to the South at Pershore, meets the Severn at the
+flourishing town of Tewksbury.
+
+[Sidenote: Warwick Castle.]
+
+
+[E] AVON (The Lower) rises in the hilly district of North Wiltshire,
+bordering on Gloucestershire, not far from Wootton Basset; its source is
+near that of the great river Thames, and both are said to have their
+origin from various springs, not accurately defined. Emerging from the
+hills, it makes a compass to fall into the vale leading from Christian
+Malford to Chippenham, advancing through the cloathing district of
+Wiltshire, bordering upon that of Somersetshire, and for a considerable
+extent divides those counties. Its course is at first southward, making
+a long compass by the west towards the north, and then to the west; at
+last, encircling the city of Bath on two sides, from whence it pursues
+nearly the same direction, with frequent meanders to Bristol. It then
+inclines to the north-west, as it conveys the abundant trade of that
+opulent city to the Severn, by its conflux constituting the Bristol
+Channel at King's-road.
+
+[Sidenote: Bath.]
+
+
+
+
+B.
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ 34|Babcary pa|Somerset |Somerton 4|Ilchester 5|
+ 27|Babingley,[A] pa|Norfolk |Cas. Rising 2|Lynn 6|
+ | or Baburghley | | | |
+ 34|Babington pa|Somerset |Frome 5|Bath 10|
+ 6|Babraham[B] pa|Cambridge|Linton 4|Cambridge 5|
+ +--+----------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+ 34|Babcary pa|Castle-Cary 7| 120| 453|
+ 27|Babingley,[A] pa|Heacham 8| 102| 38|
+ | or Baburghley | | | |
+ 34|Babington pa|Shepton Mal. 9| 109| 206|
+ 6|Babraham[B] pa|Newmarket 12| 51| 273|
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BABINGLEY. In this parish, the first Christian church in East Anglia
+is said to have been built. Several hills in the vicinity, called
+Christian Hills, render the opinion highly probable. The village is
+situated near that part of the Lincolnshire wash called Lynn Deeps.
+
+
+[B] BABRAHAM, anciently Badburham, is situated in the hundred of
+Chilford. This place, which was one of the manors of Algar, Earl of
+Mercia, at the time of the Norman survey, formerly had a market on
+Mondays. About the year 1576, the whole manorial property in the parish
+fell into the possession of Sir Horatio Palavicini, a Genoese. According
+to the tradition of the neighbourhood, this gentleman was collector of
+the Pope's taxes in England, in the reign of Queen Mary, on whose death,
+and the consequent change in religion under Elizabeth, he (like the
+Vicar of Bray,) changed his faith, converted the Pope's money to his own
+use, and settled in this country. The following whimsical epitaph
+relates to this occurrence: it is printed in "Lord Orford's Anecdotes of
+Painting"--
+
+ "Here lyes Horatio Palavazine,
+ Who robbed the Pope to lend the Queen.
+ He was a thief--a thief? Thou lyest:
+ For what! he robb'd but Antichrist,
+ Him death with besome swept from Bab'ram.
+ Into the bosom of ould Abraham:
+ But then came Hercules with his club,
+ And struck him down to Belzebub."
+
+Sir Horatio was in great favour with Queen Elizabeth. He was
+naturalised, by patent, in 1516, and commanded one of the English
+men-of-war in the great battle with the Spanish Armada, in 1588; and he
+was employed by the Queen, in her negotiations with the German Princes:
+he died at his seat, in this parish, on the 6th of July, 1600. It
+appears by the register kept in the church, that his children were
+baptized and buried here: it is also recorded, that the marriage of Sir
+Horatio's widow with Sir Oliver Cromwell, the Protector's uncle, took
+place exactly a year and a day after her husband's decease. The poor of
+this parish are partly maintained by a bequest of L97. a year, expended
+under certain restrictions imposed by the donor. Here is an alms-house,
+and a free school, founded by Levinus Bush, Esq., and his sister, Mrs.
+Judith Bennet; and the yearly sum of L25. is appropriated to the
+apprenticing of children.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular anecdote of the Pope's Tax-gatherer.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen's favorite.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ 30|Babworth[A] pa|Nottingham|East Retford 1|Blyth 6|
+ 56|Bacheldre, or |Montgomery|Bis. Castle 4|Montgomery 5|
+ | Bacheldref to| | | |
+ 10|Bachymbyd to|Denbigh |Ruthin 3|Denbigh 6|
+ 49|Bach-Yrys, or |Caermarth |Llanelly 4|Lougher 4|
+ | Machunis Isle| | | |
+ 7|Backford to & pa|Chester |Chester 3|Park Gate 12|
+ 34|Backwell, or |Somerset |Bristol 7|Pensford 8|
+ 34| Bachwell pa| | | |
+ 29|Backworth, or |Northumb |N. Shields 6|Newcastle 7|
+ | Blackworth to| | | |
+ 27|Baconsthorpe to|Norfolk |Holt 4|Cromer 7|
+ 22|Bacop chap|Lancaster |Rochdale 7|Haslingden 6|
+ 17|Bacton pa|Hereford |Hereford 12|Llanthony A 6|
+ 27|Bacton pa|Norfolk |N. Walsham 5|Cromer 10|
+ 36|Bacton pa|Suffolk |Stourmarket 6|Botesdale 7|
+ +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 30|Babworth[A] pa|Worksop 7| 146| 449|
+ 56|Bacheldre, or |Welshpool 12| 163| ...|
+ | Bacheldref to| | | |
+ 10|Bachymbyd to|Mold 11| 202| ...|
+ 49|Bach-Yrys, or |Pont ar 7| 223| ...|
+ | Machunis Isle|Dulas | | |
+ 7|Backford to & pa|Liverpool 16| 186| 487|
+ 34|Backwell, or |Axbridge 12| 125| 1038|
+ 34| Bachwell pa| | | |
+ 29|Backworth, or |Blyth 7| 281| 243|
+ | Blackworth to| | | |
+ 27|Baconsthorpe to|Aylsham 8| 121| 333|
+ 22|Bacop chap|Burnley 6| 205| ...|
+ 17|Bacton pa|Hay 14| 139| 178|
+ 27|Bacton pa|Worsted 7| 128| 498|
+ 36|Bacton pa|Ixworth 9| 76| 758|
+ +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BABWORTH. The hall is the seat of the Hon. J.B. Simpson; it a plain
+white-fronted edifice, the surrounding grounds which are very beautiful,
+were laid out by the celebrated Repton. Babworth church is a neat gothic
+building, with a small steeple; it is worthy of remark, that there are
+two trees growing out of the roof of the south porch. Near this village
+the ground begins to rise, and displays the most enchanting scenery of
+woods, lawns, glades, heaths, cultivated farms, and ornamental seats.
+The late Paul Sandby, Esq., R.A., who died on the 8th of November, 1809,
+was descended from a branch of the Sandby family, of Babworth, and was
+born at Nottingham, in 1732. In 1746 he went to London, and having an
+early bias towards the arts, he got introduced into the drawing room of
+the Tower. After two years he was appointed draughtsman, under the
+inspection of Mr. David Watson, who was employed by the late Duke of
+Cumberland to take a survey of the Highlands. During this excursion he
+made several sketches from the terrific scenery of that romantic
+country, from which he afterwards made a number of small etchings, which
+were published in a folio volume. From this circumstance, perhaps, we
+may account for the bold and striking style by which the paintings of
+this excellent artist are so peculiarly distinguished. In 1752, he
+quitted this employment and resided with his brother at Windsor. Several
+of the most beautiful views in the neighbourhood of Windsor and Eton,
+now became the subject of his pencil; here also he obtained that skill
+in depicting gothic architecture which gave so beautiful an effect to
+those landscapes that Sir Joseph Banks purchased them all at a very
+liberal price. Mr. Sandby published several prints in ridicule of the
+inimitable Hogarth's "Analysis of Beauty," but he afterwards declared,
+that had he known the merits of that exquisite painter at the time, he
+should not have dared to depreciate them. On the institution of "the
+Royal Academy," he was elected one of the Academicians. He was
+afterwards appointed chief drawing master of the Royal Academy at
+Woolwich, and held the office with honour and credit to the day of his
+death.
+
+[Sidenote: Trees grow out of the roof of the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Paul Sandby, Esq.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sandby the painter.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+--------+------------+-----------+
+ 28|Badby[A] pa|Northamp|Daventry 3|Banbury 14|
+ 39|Baddesley-Clinton pa|Warwick |Warwick 7|Solihull 6|
+ 39|Baddesley-Ensor pa|Warwick |Atherstone 3|Tamworth 6|
+ 16|Baddesley-North pa|Hants |Romsey 4|Wincheste 8|
+ 16|Baddesley-South[B] ham|Hants |Lymington 2|Yarmouth 5|
+ 7|Baddiley[C] pa|Chester |Nantwich 3|Malpas 9|
+ 7|Baddington to|Chester | 2|Tarporley 9|
+ 14|Baddow (Great)[D] pa|Essex |Chelmsford 2|Witham 10|
+ +--+---------------------+---------+------------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+--------+------------+-----+-----+
+ 28|Badby[A] pa|Northamp 13| 75| 583|
+ 39|Baddesley-Clinton pa|Henley in A. 6| 97| 110|
+ 39|Baddesley-Ensor pa|Coleshill 9| 108| 568|
+ 16|Baddesley-North pa|Southampton 7| 70| 297|
+ 16|Baddesley-South[B] ham|Beaulieu 6| 88| ...|
+ 7|Baddiley[C] pa|Tarporley 9| 167| 267|
+ 7|Baddington to|Malpas 11| 166| 132|
+ 14|Baddow (Great)[D] pa|Maldon 9| 31| 1719|
+ +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BADBY. This extensive village is situated on the brow of a hill, in
+the large uninclosed district of Badby-Down. Here are numerous springs,
+and several quarries of flag-stone, which, from its excellence, is very
+extensively employed for the purposes of building and paving. On the
+summit of Arbury Hill, in this parish, is a large encampment, which is
+attributed to the Romans: the ramparts are very steep, and the whole is
+encompassed by a very wide and deep foss.
+
+[Sidenote: Quarries.]
+
+
+[B] BADDESLEY. This village was celebrated a short time ago for a
+singular tree it contained, from which was frequently heard to issue
+groans as though uttered by a person in acute agony. The tree was an
+elm, young, vigorous, and to all appearance perfectly sound; and what is
+most wonderful, naturalists could assign no physical reason for the
+phenomena. Its fame spread far and wide; a pamphlet was written with an
+account of it, and persons came miles to visit it. The tree, however, it
+would seem with the fickleness attendant too often upon those who have
+gained celebrity, would not always groan, yet no cause could be assigned
+for its temporary cessations, either from seasons or weather. Many
+superstitious tales were raised by the country people and alleged as
+reasons for this singular occurrence; and for eighteen or twenty months
+it continued an object of considerable interest; a gentleman of the name
+of Forbes, making an experiment to discover its cause, by boring a hole
+in its trunk, put a period to its agonies, it never groaned again. It
+was afterwards rooted up with a further view to make a discovery, but in
+vain. It is universally believed that there was no trick in the affair,
+but that some natural cause really existed, though never understood.
+
+[Sidenote: The groaning tree.]
+
+
+[C] BADDILEY. A parish in the hundred of Nantwich. This place is
+principally remarkable for its church, standing on a small green
+surrounded by farm buildings. It consists of a small nave and chancel,
+and was constructed entirely of English oak; it is of the most remote
+antiquity, and presented a most unique specimen of ecclesiastical
+buildings of timber, previous to the introduction of stone; the upright
+timbers being much decayed were cased with brick in 1811, it having
+stood so many centuries that it was in danger of falling; the roof and
+ceiling are still in fine preservation. In the chancel are remains of
+some ancient stalls, and two elegant marble monuments, erected to the
+Mainwaring family, who were lords of the manor. Baddiley Hall, the
+former residence of this family, was a very old irregular building of
+timber and plaister, but has been lately pulled down.
+
+[Sidenote: An oaken church.]
+
+
+[D] BADDOW. (Great). This extensive, populous, and genteel village, from
+its peculiarly delightful situation, has become the residence of a
+considerable number of highly respectable families. Previous to the
+conquest, the manor was part of the possessions of Algar, Earl of
+Mercia. In consequence, however, of the rebellion of his son and
+successor, Earl Eadwine, who was slain in battle, this lordship, with
+other estates, was granted by King William to the monastery of the Holy
+Trinity at Caen, in Normandy. In the reign of Henry I., the crown was
+again possessed of it, and about the same period, the Earls of
+Gloucester became its proprietors; from which time, after having been
+vested in many noble families, it is now in the possession of the family
+of Houblon. Two chauntries of some value were formerly in the church.
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+ 14|Baddow, Little[A] pa|Essex |Chelmsford 5|Witham 6|
+ 33|Badger pa|Salop |Bridgenorth 6|Shifnal 6|
+ 15|Badgington pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 4|Northleach 9|
+ 15|Badgworth pa|Gloucester|Cheltenham 4|Painswick 8|
+ 34|Badgworth pa|Somerset |Axbridge 3|Bridgewater 12|
+ 36|Badingham pa|Suffolk |Framlingham 4|Halesworth 6|
+ 21|Badlesmere[B] pa|Kent |Faversham 4|Charing 6|
+ 36|Badley pa|Suffolk |Needham 2|Stowmarket 2|
+ 15|Badminton, Great[C] pa|Gloucester|Sodbury 6|Tetbury 10|
+ +--+---------------------+-----------+-------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 14|Baddow, Little[A] pa|Maldon 7| 34| 548|
+ 33|Badger pa|Madeley 6| 134| 142|
+ 15|Badgington pa|Cheltenham 12| 93| 167|
+ 15|Badgworth pa|Gloucester 5| 98| 859|
+ 34|Badgworth pa|Wells 12| 133| 352|
+ 36|Badingham pa|Saxmundham 6| 91| 866|
+ 21|Badlesmere[B] pa|Canterbury 11| 48| 135|
+ 36|Badley pa|Bildeston 8| 71| 82|
+ 15|Badminton, Great[C] pa|Malmesbury 10| 106| 529|
+ +--+----------------------+----------------------+-------+--------+
+
+
+[A] BADDOW, (Little). The church at this place contains a rich and
+splendid monument to the memory of Sir Henry Mildmay, Knight, who died
+in October, 1639. He is represented in a full suit of armour, reposing
+under a dome, which rests upon black marble pillars; two female figures
+kneel at his feet; the one elderly, and dressed in a scarf and hood, the
+other young, and magnificently attired in the fashion of the time. The
+head of the knight is supported by a pillow. From a latin inscription
+upon an oval tablet, we learn that Sir Henry having served as a soldier
+in the Irish wars, was for his gallantry knighted in the field. The
+carved effigies of two female figures, said by tradition to have been
+sisters and founders of this church, occupy recesses in the south wall
+of the centre aisle. Upon examining the two graves in which it was
+supposed that the corpses of the persons whose figures stood in the
+niches were interred, in one of them were found three skeletons, and two
+in the other, but without the slightest vestige of wood, linen, coffin,
+or any other covering to the bodies. In the year 1817, Edward Bullin,
+Esq., bequeathed 196 acres of land, and a wood containing thirty-six
+acres, for the purpose of clothing and educating the children in this
+parish and that of Boreham.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Henry Mildmay.]
+
+[Sidenote: Skeletons found.]
+
+
+[B] BADLESMERE. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, lord of the manor in the
+reign of Edward the Second, obtained a license for founding a house of
+regular canons in this place. The church is a small and very plain Saxon
+structure. In the porch are the fronts of two ancient wooden seats,
+carved in high relief; one represents a shield, on which are the star,
+ribbon, and motto of the order of the garter: on the other are some
+Scriptural sentences, relative to the Holy Trinity, in four circles,
+united by bands; so that the words Pater, Filius, Spisces and Deus,
+though only once repeated in the circles, form a part of every sentence.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious carvings in wood.]
+
+
+[C] BADMINTON, (Great) has been the seat of the ducal family of
+Beaufort, ever since the demolition of Ragland Castle, in the civil
+wars. Badminton House, the family residence of the duke, is situated in
+a noble park nearly nine miles in circumference, through which various
+avenues have been formed. It was erected by the first duke of Beaufort
+in the year 1682. It is a very extensive building, on the French model.
+In the hall is a large sarcophagus of Roman sculpture, representing a
+bacchanalian procession; this was given to the third duke of Beaufort,
+by Cardinal Alberoni. By that distinguished prelate, who died in 1745,
+many curious and original paintings were procured during his residence
+in Italy; among them is a Holy Family, by Raphael; and several by Guido
+and Carlo Dolci are much esteemed. He also purchased the very singular
+and finely painted satirical picture by Salvator Rosa, for which that
+artist was expelled Rome. "The Sovereigns of the different nations are
+here depicted by different animals, as an eagle, a wolf, a sheep, a hog,
+a fox, a cow, and an ass; the latter has the pontifical pall thrown over
+him, and the blind goddess, Fortune, is represented showering her gifts
+over the whole group." Some excellent landscapes, by the Italian
+masters, are also preserved here; and a very fine series of fourteen
+portraits, of the Beauforts, from John of Gaunt, from whom they trace
+their genealogy. Badminton church is an elegant structure; it was built
+by the late duke in 1785, and contains many monuments of the Beaufort
+family.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke of Beaufort's seat.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fine paintings.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 15|Badminton, Little ti|Gloucester|Sodbury 6|Tetbury 10|
+ 42|Badsey pa|Worcester |Evesham 2|Broadway 4|
+ 37|Badshot ti|Surrey |Farnham 2|Guildford 9|
+ 45|Badsworth pa|W.R. York |Pontefract 5|Wakefield 9|
+ 36|Badwell-Ash pa|Suffolk |Stowmarket 8|Ixworth 4|
+ 34|Bagborough-West pa|Somerset |Taunton 12|Watchet 7|
+ 43|Bagby chap|N.R. York |Thirsk 3|Borobridge 11|
+ 23|Baggrave lib|Leicester |Leicester 9|Melton 7|
+ 39|Baginton[A] pa|Warwick |Coventry 4|Rugby 13|
+ 54|Baglan[B] pa|Glamorgan |Neath 4|Aberavon 2|
+ +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 15|Badminton, Little ti|Malmesbury 10| 106| 116|
+ 42|Badsey pa|Alcester 15| 98| 463|
+ 37|Badshot ti|Frimley 7| 37| |
+ 45|Badsworth pa|Doncaster 11| 171| 782|
+ 36|Badwell-Ash pa|Bury 12| 78| 490|
+ 34|Bagborough-West pa|Stowey 8| 156| 453|
+ 43|Bagby chap|Easingwold 8| 220| 289|
+ 23|Baggrave lib|Houghton 5| 100| 16|
+ 39|Baginton[A] pa|Kenilworth 4| 90| 257|
+ 54|Baglan[B] pa|Swansea 13| 194| 410|
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BAGINTON. The Hall, a seat of a descendant of the Bromley family,
+who purchased the estate in the reign of James I., was built by
+secretary Bromley. This gentleman, one of the most honest and able
+servants of Queen Anne, was Speaker of the House of Commons. In proof of
+the high estimation in which he was held, it is necessary only to cite a
+memorable circumstance relative to the residence under notice. In 1706,
+the family seat at Baginton was reduced to the ground by fire.
+Intelligence of this calamity was conveyed to the owner while attending
+his duty in the House of Commons, and a considerable sum was immediately
+voted by parliament towards a restoration of the structure. Here is
+barely to be traced the site of the castellated residence of Sir William
+Bagot, a firm adherent of Richard II., at which the Duke of Hereford,
+afterwards Henry IV., lodged the night previous to his projected
+personal contest with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, in the presence
+of the King on Gosford Green, where the lists were formed; the scene is
+admirably described by Shakespeare.
+
+[Sidenote: Once destroyed by fire].
+
+
+[B] BAGLAN is a parish in the hundred of Neath. The village is of the
+most romantic beauty, and the scenery in the neighbourhood is of a
+delightful character. Near this place is Britton Ferry, which is
+interesting, not only on account of its sylvan fascinations, but as
+being the domain of Lord Jersey, whose extensive plantations spread over
+several bold hills westward of the Neath river, a stream which here
+emerges in a fine sweep, between woody banks, partly broken into cliffs
+and at a short distance descends into the sea. "From a delightful shady
+walk over the stream, we branched off," says Mr. Barber, "into an 'alley
+green,' which led us up a steep hill, covered with large trees, and
+tangled underwood; the ascent was judiciously traced, where several bare
+crags, projecting from the soil, formed an opposite contrast to the
+luxuriant verdure which prevailed around. On gaining the summit, the
+charms of Britton Ferry disclosed themselves in 'an ample theatre of
+sylvan grace,' of more than common beauty: beyond which, the Bristol
+Channel, bounded by the aerial tint of its opposite coast, formed the
+distance. From this roaming prospect, however, the eye gladly returned
+to gaze on the local beauties of the scene, the tufted knoll, the dark
+glade, and the majestic river." The mansion is a very ordinary building;
+the house is low having two wings, with attic windows in the roof,
+ornamented with a bullustraded parapet. The neat simplicity of the
+hamlet deserves remark; perhaps the church is unrivalled, both for its
+picturesque situation, and moral interest. The custom of planting
+evergreens over the remains of departed friends, and bedecking them with
+flowers at certain seasons of the year, is here attended to with
+peculiar care; and to this pleasing tribute of tenderness and affection
+the "Bard of Avon" refers in the following beautiful lines:--
+
+ "With fairest flowers while summer lasts,
+ I'll sweeten thy sad grave, thou shalt not lack
+ The flower that's like thy face, pale primrose: nor
+ The azured harebell, like thy veins: no, nor
+ The leaf of eglantine, whom not to slander,
+ Out-sweetened not thy breath."
+
+David Ap Gwillym also beautifully alludes to this practice: "Oh, while
+thy season of flowers, and thy tender sprays thick of leaves remain, I
+will pluck the roses from the brakes, the flowers from the meads, the
+vivid trefoils, beauties of the ground, and the gaily smiling bloom of
+the verdant herbs, humbly will I lay them on the grave of Ivor!" This
+part of Wales is so mild in its climate, that myrtles, magnolias, and
+other tender exotics, grow luxuriantly in the open air. Near Baglan is a
+well with medicinal properties, but many superstitious notices are
+associated with its use in the neighbourhood.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives at Aberavon, 2 miles distant, 6 evening; departs, 7.30
+ morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Jersey's seat].
+
+[Sidenote: Britton Ferry.]
+
+[Sidenote: Planting evergreens over graves.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 4|Bagley Wood ti|Berks |Abingdon 3|Oxford 3|
+ 34|Bagnall to|Stafford |Leek 6|Newcastle 6|
+ 4|Bagnor to|Berks |Newbury 2|Hungerford 7|
+ 37|Bagshot[A] vil|Surrey |Staines 10|Blackwater 4|
+ 27|Bagthorpe pa|Norfolk |Burnham 7|Fakenham 9|
+ 7|Baguley to|Chester |Knutsford 2|Altringham 5|
+ 23|Bagworth chap|Leicester |M. Bosworth 5|Ashby 9|
+ 45|Baildon[B] to&chap|W.R. York |Bradford 5|Otley 6|
+ 22|Bailey to|Lancaster |Clithero 5|Blackburn 8|
+ +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+ 4|Bagley Wood ti|Cumnor 4| 57| 21|
+ 34|Bagnall to|Cheadle 8| 154| 306|
+ 4|Bagnor to|Lambourn 10| 58| 594|
+ 37|Bagshot[A] vil|Windsor 11| 26| 1912|
+ 27|Bagthorpe pa|Lynn 14| 109| 73|
+ 7|Baguley to|Stockport 11| 176| 468|
+ 23|Bagworth chap|Leicester 10| 108| 328|
+ 45|Baildon[B] to&chap|Keighley 7| 201| 3041|
+ 22|Bailey to|Preston 14| 219| |
+ +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BAGSHOT is a village on the great western road, in the parish of
+Windlesham, and hundred of Woking. Bagshot heath derives its name from
+this village; it is one of the most extensive wastes in the kingdom, and
+was formerly the scene of many highway robberies. Its appearance is
+extremely desolate, but it is useful in supplying the inhabitants with
+fuel, and feeds a great number of sheep, the mutton of which is
+excellent; but like other animals fed on a similar pasture, the sheep
+are small. On the edge of the heath are several noblemen's seats. Among
+which, Hall Grove, the residence of Mrs. Birt; Chobham Place, S.
+Thornton, Esq.; South Hill Park, the Earl of Limerick; and Easthampstead
+Park, the seat of the Marquis of Downshire; are deserving the notice of
+the curious traveller. Bagshot Park to the north of the village, was
+once the seat of his late Majesty George IV. when Prince of Wales; after
+which time it was inhabited by the late Duke of Gloucester,
+(brother-in-law of his present Majesty) until the day of his decease,
+which occurred on the 30th of November, 1834, in the 58th year of his
+age; his remains were interred in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle,
+on the 11th of the following month. Bagshot was formerly a lordship of
+the kings of England, and was much resorted to by James I., and Charles
+I., to enjoy the pleasures of the chace.
+
+ _Mail_ arrives 10.14 night; departs 3.28 morning--_Inns_, King's
+ Arms, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Bagshot heath.]
+
+
+[B] BAILDON is in the parish of Otley and wapentake of Skyrack, and is
+situated on the river Aire. The inhabitants are principally engaged in
+trade and manufactures. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes within a
+mile and a half from this place.
+
+ _Fair_, first Saturday in March and November, for horses, horned
+ cattle &c.
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ 9|Bailie to|Cumberland|Carlisle 18|Bewcastle 2|
+ 43|Bainbridge to|N.R. York |Askrigg 2|Hawes 4|
+ 28|Bainton pa|Northamp |Wandsford 5|Deeping 4|
+ 31|Bainton ham|Oxford |Bicester 3|Deddington 8|
+ 46|Bainton pa|E.R. York |G. Driffield 6|Beverley 11|
+ 10|Bakewell[A] mt & pa|Derby |Chesterfield 11|Manchester 35|
+ +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 9|Bailie to|Brampton 10| 312| 454|
+ 43|Bainbridge to|Middleham 13| 246| 831|
+ 28|Bainton pa|Stamford 4| 89| 171|
+ 31|Bainton ham|Aynhoe 6| 56| 27|
+ 46|Bainton pa|Weighton 10| 196| 300|
+ 10|Bakewell[A] mt & pa|Wirksworth 13| 153| 9503|
+ +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BAKEWELL. This ancient market town, in which the petty sessions for
+the High Peak are holden, is situated on the western bank of the river
+Wye. Of late years, the market has dwindled into insignificance, but the
+parish is the most extensive in Derbyshire; its length is more than 20
+miles, and its breadth upwards of eight. The pasturage in this
+neighbourhood is remarkably good. The town was anciently called
+Bath-quelle; it appears to have derived its name from its Bath-well, the
+immediate site of which has been for many years occupied by a collector
+of minerals and fossils for private cabinets. From the circumstance of a
+Roman altar, and other antiquities having been discovered here, there
+can be but little doubt that Bakewell was a place of some note in the
+time of the Romans. At the Conquest, Bakewell had two priests and a
+church. The manor then belonged to William Peverell, ancestor of the
+Peveril celebrated in the admirable romance by Sir Walter Scott, styled
+"Peveril of the Peak." Bakewell church is an ancient structure, with a
+lofty spire. Near the entrance of the town, from Ashford, is a mill, for
+the carding, roving, doubling, spinning, and twisting of cotton, in
+which some hundreds of persons of both sexes are employed; the mill was
+erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, the founder of the cotton
+trade in this neighbourhood. This distinguished character, whose
+perseverance and admirable inventions raised him from one of the most
+humble occupations in society--that of a barber--to affluence and
+honour, was the youngest of thirteen children, and was born in the year
+1732, at Preston, in Lancashire. A considerable manufacture of linen
+goods, and of linen and cotton mixed, was then carried on in that
+neighbourhood, and Mr. Arkwright had an opportunity of becoming
+intimately acquainted with the various operations; and being a man of
+superior powers, he directed his thoughts to the improvement of the mode
+of spinning, which had probably been conducted for ages without thought
+of change. The first hint respecting the means of effecting this
+improvement, he said, he accidentally received from seeing a red hot
+iron bar elongated, by being passed between iron cylinders. The
+difficulties which he experienced before he could bring his machine into
+use, even after its construction was sufficiently complete to
+demonstrate its value, would, perhaps, have for ever retarded its
+completion, had his genius and application been less ardent. His
+pecuniary means were not such as to enable him to commence business on
+his own account, and few were willing to incur the necessary risk. At
+length, however, he secured the co-operation of some persons who saw the
+merits of the invention, and were willing to assist his endeavours, and
+he obtained his first patent for spinning by means of rollers in the
+year 1769. To avoid the inconvenience of establishing a manufacture of
+this kind at the great seat of the cotton manufacture, as it then
+existed, he removed to Nottingham, when, in conjunction with his
+partners, he erected his first mill, which was worked by horses. This
+mode being found too expensive, another mill on a larger scale was
+erected at Cromford, the machinery of which was put in motion by water.
+Mr. Arkwright soon effected many improvements in the mode of preparing
+the cotton for spinning, and invented a variety of ingenious machines
+for that purpose, in the most correct and expeditious manner, for all
+which he obtained a patent in the year 1775, and thus completed a series
+of machinery so various and complicated, yet so admirably combined as to
+excite universal approbation. That all this should have been
+accomplished by a single man, without education, without mechanical
+knowledge, or even mechanic's experience, is truly extraordinary; and
+is, perhaps, equal to any known example of the wonderful powers of the
+human mind, when steadily directed to one object. However, at the same
+time that he was inventing or improving the machinery, he was engaged in
+various undertakings which might have been thought incompatible with
+other pursuits. He was taking measures to secure himself a fair
+proportion of the fruits of his industry and ingenuity--he was greatly
+extending the business--he was introducing into every department of the
+manufactory, a novel system of industry, economy, order, and
+cleanliness; the whole of which he so effectually accomplished, that his
+example may be regarded as the origin of almost all similar
+improvements. During this entire period, he was afflicted with a violent
+asthma, which sometimes threatened the immediate termination of his
+existence; and for some time previously to his death, he was rendered
+incapable of continuing his usual pursuits, by a complication of
+diseases, which, at length, deprived him of life at the Rock House,
+Cromford, on the 23d of August, 1792. The honour of Knighthood was
+bestowed on him by George III., in December, 1786, when he presented an
+address to that monarch. Dr. Thomas Denman, an eminent physician, was
+born at this place in 1733; after the death of Dr. William Hunter, he
+was considered as the most eminent man of his profession. Towards the
+decline of his life he gradually relinquished the more laborious parts
+of his profession to his son-in-law, Sir Richard Croft, and became a
+consulting physician. His death, which was very sudden, took place on
+the 26th of November, 1815. He left two daughters and a son, the latter
+of whom, adopting the legal profession, is now Lord Chief Justice of the
+Court of King's Bench.
+
+ _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, Easter Monday; Whit Monday; August 26;
+ Monday after October 10; Monday after November 22, for cattle and
+ horses,--_Inn_, Rutland Arms, allowed to be one of the best Inns in
+ the kingdom, and is much frequented by anglers during the summer
+ season.--_Mail_ arrives 12.10 afternoon; departs 6.0 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Peverils of the Peak.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Richard Arkwright.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cotton mills.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Thomas Denman.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ 55|Bala[A] to| Merioneth|Shrewsbury 41|Dolgelly 18|
+ +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+ 55|Bala[A] to| Corven 12| 195| 1163|
+ +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+
+
+[A] BALA is situated at the outlet of the lake of the same name. It is a
+clean and populous market town, consisting of one wide principal street,
+and others crossing it at right angles. The houses are in general built
+very low. The young women commonly go barefooted; they are however well
+formed, and have little of the strong Welsh physiognomy. At this place
+is carried on a great trade in woollen gloves and stockings. Just before
+the entrance of the town is an artificial mount called "Tommen y Bala,"
+(the tumulus of Bala) which is supposed to be of Roman origin, and
+placed here with a small castle on its summit to secure the pass towards
+the sea, which is about twenty-five miles distant. Bala Lake, or Llyn
+Tegid, is a quarter of a mile south of the town; it is the largest lake
+in Wales, being about four miles long, and in some places near a mile in
+breadth. At Bryn Goleu, its depth is several fathoms. The scenery around
+is mountainous, and it forms the principal attraction of the vicinity,
+yet it possesses none of the grand discriminating traits of the lakes of
+Scotland or Ireland. The overflowings of this lake are sometimes
+dreadful; but this only happens when the winds rush from the mountains
+at the upper end. In stormy weather, when swelled by torrents, the water
+is driven to the height of eight or nine feet, covering great part of
+the vale of Edeirnion, and almost threatening the town with destruction.
+In calm settled weather, it has been so smooth as to be frozen over. The
+river Dee rises from under Arran ben Llyn, the high mountain at the head
+of the lake; and according to Giraldus Cambriensis, Drayton, and others,
+passes through this immense body of water without deigning to intermix
+its waters, as the Rhone is said to pass through the lake of Geneva, and
+the classic Alpheus through the waters of the Adriatic. Hence it has
+been asserted, that salmon are never found in the lake, or gwiniad in
+the river; it however abounds with a variety of excellent fish, among
+which we may mention pike, trout, perch, and eels. The fishery in the
+13th century belonged to the Abbey of Basingwerk; the whole property is
+vested at present in Sir Watkyn Williams Wynne, Bart., who allows the
+fishermen to be occasionally employed in attending fishing parties with
+a boat and nets, without such privilege no person is allowed the use of
+nets; but angling is freely permitted, and gentlemen as distant as from
+London visit this place entirely for the sake of indulging in this
+amusement. Of the inns at Bala, Mr. Hutton says, "although I have often
+only reposed one night at an inn, yet from agreeable treatment and
+conversation, I found some regret the next morning at parting; and
+though I saw the people but once, my mind revolted at the idea of seeing
+them no more." The town of Bala is governed by two bailiffs, and a
+common council, and the assizes are held here and at Dolgelly
+alternately; it is likewise one of the polling places for the county.
+
+ _Market_ Saturday--_Fairs_, May 14; July 10; Sep. 11 and 22; Oct. 24;
+ and Nov. 8.--_Mail_ arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.0 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: The largest lake in Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lake fisheries.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+ 45|Balby[A] to|W.R. York|Doncaster 2|Tickhill 6|
+ 38|Balcombe pa|Sussex |Cuckfield 4|Horsham 10|
+ +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+ 45|Balby[A] to|Rotherham 11| 163 | 420|
+ 38|Balcombe pa|E. Grinstead 9| 33 | 641|
+ +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BALBY. In this village George Fox, the founder of the Society of
+Friends, or Quakers, held his first meetings. His father, who was a
+weaver, gave him a very religious education; he was apprenticed to a
+grazier, and much employed as a shepherd. From his earliest infancy he
+displayed a tendency to enthusiasm, and no doubt his solitary employment
+tended to confirm it. At the early age of nineteen he persuaded himself
+that he was called to exercise his faculties, solely in the affairs of
+religion. Forsaking his relations, he determined to devote himself to
+that alone. Equipped in a leathern doublet, he wandered from place to
+place, subsisting by the charity of those who received his doctrines. At
+length he reached the metropolis, where, being discovered by his
+friends, he was earnestly invited to return. This, however, he refused
+to do, and after remaining with them a short time, he again betook
+himself to his itinerant habits. He now walked abroad in retired places,
+fasting and studying the Bible by day and night, and sometimes a hollow
+tree was his habitation, book in hand, for a day together. In 1648, he
+publicly propagated his opinions, commencing as public preacher at
+Manchester, which place he frequently left to perambulate the adjacent
+towns, preaching in the market-houses. About this time he began to adopt
+the manners and habits which are peculiar to the society following his
+religious opinions; nor was he free from the persecution which
+constantly follows novelty, in any thing regarded as an innovation of a
+religious nature. At Derby, the disciples of Fox were first denominated
+Quakers, from the trembling delivery of their sentences, and their calls
+on the magistrates to tremble before the Lord. In 1655, Fox was sent a
+prisoner to Cromwell, who immediately liberated him upon ascertaining
+the peaceful nature of his doctrines. He was, however, treated by the
+country magistracy with great severity, from his frequently interrupting
+ministers, even during divine service, and more than once the Protector,
+Oliver Cromwell, exerted himself to obtain his freedom. A fast having
+been appointed on account of the persecution of Protestants in foreign
+countries, he addressed a letter to the heads and governors of the
+nation, descrying, in most forcible terms, the impropriety of having
+recourse to severity of a similar nature at home. Charles II. liberated
+him from prison in the year 1666, and from that time they formally
+united as a "Society of Friends." Three years afterwards he married the
+widow of Judge Fell, in the simple unostentatious manner practised by
+the sect to the present day. His health, however, was impaired by
+imprisonment and suffering, and he lived in a more retired manner to the
+day of his death, which took place in the year 1690, in the 67th year of
+his age.
+
+[Sidenote: George Fox the Quaker.]
+
+[Sidenote: His wanderings and imprisonment.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+ 43|Baldersley[A] to|N.R. York |Ripon 6|Thirsk 6|
+ 22|Balderston chap|Lancaster |Preston 7|Blackburn 5|
+ 30|Balderton pa|Nottingham|Newark 2|Bingham 12|
+ 18|Baldock[B] m.t.&pa|Hertford |Hertford 19|Biggleswade 8|
+ 31|Baldon Marsh pa|Oxford |Oxford 7|Abingdon 7|
+ 31|Baldon-Toot pa|Oxford |... 6|... 7|
+ +--+-----------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-------------+
+ 43|Baldersley[A] to|Borobridge 8| 214| 267|
+ 22|Balderston chap|Clitheroe 12| 217| 658|
+ 30|Balderton pa|Grantham 12| 122| 830|
+ 18|Baldock[B] m.t.&pa|Stevenage 6| 37| 1704|
+ 31|Baldon Marsh pa|Wheatley 7| 52| 318|
+ 31|Baldon-Toot pa|... 7| 53| 272|
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BALDERSLEY. Near this village is an extensive common, called Hutton
+Conyers Moor, on which there is a rabbit-warren; the inhabitants have a
+right of estray for their sheep on this moor, in conjunction with some
+other townships, and each township has a shepherd. The lord's shepherd
+has a pre-eminence of tending his sheep on every part of the common; and
+wherever he herds the lord's sheep, the several other shepherds are to
+give place to him, and give up what is termed their hofiong place, so
+long as they are depastured thereon. The lord's court is held on the
+first of January; the shepherds attend the court, and each do fealty by
+bringing a large apple-pye and a two-penny sweet-cake; each pye is
+divided into two parts, and distributed by the bailiff between the
+steward, the tenant of the rabbit-warren, and the shepherds of the
+townships, reserving a portion however for himself. Each pye contains
+about a peck of flour, and the bailiff measures them with a rule to see
+that they are of the proper dimensions; should they not be so he
+threatens to fine the town; he, however, has to provide furmenty (a food
+made by boiling wheat in milk) and mustard. The furmenty is put into an
+earthen pot, and the top of the dish placed level with the ground, all
+persons present are invited to partake; those who do not accept the
+invitation are deemed disloyal to their lord. Every shepherd is
+compelled to bring a spoon with him, and in cases of neglect, or wilful
+pleasantry, they are obliged to sup the hot furmenty from the pot, and
+the bystanders not unfrequently plunge the offenders head into the
+mixture, as a matter of diversion.
+
+[Sidenote: Right of Common.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular custom.]
+
+
+[B] BALDOCK is situated between two hills, at the intersection of the
+great north road, and the Roman Ikeneld street. It was formerly the
+property of the Knights Templars, to whom Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke,
+gave the site; it was then called Baudoc: but some antiquarians, with
+little reason, derive its name from Balbec, a city in Syria, from which
+this order of knights was expelled by the Saracens. It principally
+consists of one long ancient street. The church, dedicated to St. Mary,
+is a spacious structure, and was built by the Knights Templars, and
+again partly rebuilt in the early part of the fifteenth century. All the
+early portion of this structure is of pure Roman architecture, and the
+latter of the florid gothic. The steeple, which is octagonal, was
+rebuilt a few years ago. In the church is a richly carved oaken screen,
+part of the ancient rood-loft, and a very curious font. In cutting
+through Baldock-hill, to form a new road, a number of fossils,
+consisting of cornua ammonis, sharks' teeth, &c., were discovered. There
+is a curious custom in this manor. When the Steward holds his Court
+Leet, the bell tolls, to summons the copyhold tenants together, to do
+their suit and service at dinner, to which every baker sends a loaf of
+bread, and every victualler a flagon of ale or beer. The object of this
+custom is intended for the Court Leet to examine the measures, as well
+as to judge of the quality of the articles of food.
+
+ _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, March 7; last Thursday in May; August
+ 5; October 2; December 11, for cheese, cattle, and household
+ goods.--_Mail_ arrives 12.31 morning, departs 2.16
+ morning.--_Bankers_, Williamson and Co., draw on Hoare and
+ Co.--_Inn_, White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Sharks' teeth found in cutting through a hill.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+ 27|Bale pa|Norfolk |Holt 5|Cley 6|
+ 37|Balham vil|Surrey |Clapham 1|Tooting 2|
+ 43|Balke to|N.R. York|Thirsk 4|Helmsley 10|
+ 46|Balke-Holme to|E.R. York|Howden 2|South Cave 10|
+ 10|Ballidon to|Derby |Ashborne 6|Wirksworth 6|
+ 14|Ballingdon pa chap|Essex |Sudbury 1|Halstead 8|
+ 17|Ballingham pa|Hereford |Hereford 7|Ross 6|
+ 45|Balne to|W.R. York|Snaith 4|Pontefract 10|
+ 39|Balsall chap|Warwick |Warwick 10|Coventry 10|
+ 31|Balscott ham|Oxford |Banbury 5|Chip Norton 14|
+ 6|Balsham pa|Cambridge|Linton 4|Cambridge 8|
+ 35|Balterley to|Stafford |Newcastle 7|Congleton 9|
+ 34|Baltonsborough pa|Somerset |Glastonbury 4|Somerton 4|
+ 29|Bambrough to & pa|Northumb |Belford 5|Holy Island 6|
+ 29|Bambrough[A] to|Northumb |... 5|... 6|
+ 10|Bamford ham|Derby |S. Middleton 6|Sheffield 11|
+ 22|Bamford to|Lancaster|Rochdale 3|Manchester 7|
+ 11|Bampton[B] m.t. & pa|Devon |Exeter 23|Tiverton 7|
+ 31|Bampton[C] m.t. & pa|Oxford |Oxford 16|Witney 5|
+ +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 27|Bale pa|Walsingham 6| 117| 275|
+ 37|Balham vil|Epsom 9| 5| ...|
+ 43|Balke to|Easingwold 9| 222| 72|
+ 46|Balke-Holme to|Weighton 12| 182| 107|
+ 10|Ballidon to|Winster 6| 142| 108|
+ 14|Ballingdon pa chap|Bury 17| 54| 283|
+ 17|Ballingham pa|Ledbury 12| 126| 147|
+ 45|Balne to|Thorne 8| 173| 343|
+ 39|Balsall chap|Solihul 5| 100| 1038|
+ 31|Balscott ham|Deddington 9| 74| 213|
+ 6|Balsham pa|Newmarket 9| 52| 1074|
+ 35|Balterley to|Nantwich 12| 153| ...|
+ 34|Baltonsborough pa|Cas. Caray 8| 121| 675|
+ 29|Bambrough to & pa|Alnwick 15| 324| 3949|
+ 29|Bambrough[A] to|... 15| 61| 324|
+ 10|Bamford ham|Castleton 4| 165| 238|
+ 22|Bamford to|Bury 6| 189| 1207|
+ 11|Bampton[B] m.t. & pa|Morebath 2| 162| 1961|
+ 31|Bampton[C] m.t. & pa|Farringdon 7| 71| 2514|
+ +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BAMBROUGH CASTLE is situated on the romantic coast of
+Northumberland, near an obscure town of the same name; it stands upon a
+triangular rock, high, rugged, and abrupt on the land side. But we leave
+its description, which would be too lengthy, and turn rather to the
+account of the benevolent institution founded in 1720, by Lord Crewe,
+Bishop of Durham, of which it is the seat. The keep of the castle is
+fitted up for suffering seamen, and property which may have been rescued
+from the fury of the ocean. Regulations were also adopted to prevent
+accidents on the coast, and to alleviate misfortunes when they had
+occurred. A nine-pounder placed at the bottom of the great tower, gives
+signals to ships in distress; and in case of a wreck announces it to the
+Custom-house officers, who hasten to prevent its being plundered. In
+addition to this, during a storm, horsemen patrol the coast, and rewards
+are paid for the earliest intelligence of vessels in distress. A flag is
+always hoisted when any ship is seen in distress on the Fern Islands or
+Staples; or a rocket thrown up at night, which gives notice to the
+fishermen of Holy Island, who put off to the spot when no boat from the
+main can get over the breakers. There has also been life-boats added to
+the establishment. Within the walls of the castle are supported two
+free-schools, an infirmary, thirty beds for shipwrecked sailors, and a
+granary, whence poor persons are supplied with provision at the first
+price. There is also a library, the books of which are circulated
+gratuitously for twenty miles round. This philanthropic endowment has
+not been suffered to decay with the romance of olden time, but the
+charitable intentions of the testator are fulfilled so as to exhibit a
+lasting record of his active benevolence.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Bishop of Durham.]
+
+[Sidenote: Noble charity.]
+
+
+[B] BAMPTON. A market town, situated near the little river Batherme,
+which flows into the Exe at about one mile distance. Mr. Polwhele
+considers that this was a Roman station, and here, probably, the Romans
+had artificial hot-baths. A chalybeate spring in this neighbourhood is
+much celebrated for its medicinal qualities. John de Bampton, a
+Carmelite, who was the first who publicly read Aristotle in Cambridge,
+was born here: he died in 1391. The manufactures of the place are serges
+and pottery.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit Tuesday, and last Thursday in
+ October, for cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: John de Bampton.]
+
+
+[C] BAMPTON. Here are some slight remains of an ancient castle, supposed
+to have been erected in the reign of King John. The celebrated poet,
+John Philips, the son of Dr. Stephen Philips, archdeacon of Salop, was
+born in this town, on the 30th of December, 1676, and after the
+preliminary process of juvenile education, was sent to Winchester, where
+he was distinguished by the superiority of his exercises, and at school
+endeared himself to all his companions and superiors: it is related of
+him, that he seldom mingled in the play of other boys, but retired to
+his chamber, and indulged in the study of the poets and of the ancient
+and modern classics, particularly Milton. In 1694, he was removed to
+Christchurch, Oxford, where he finished all his University acquirements;
+but Milton--the immortal Milton--continued to be his uninterrupted day
+dream: and he might have exclaimed in the language of that poet, I will
+study the magnificence of thy etherial phantasy,
+
+ "From morn till noon, from noon to dewey eve,
+ When Urania visits my nightly
+ Slumbers, or when morn purples the east."
+
+It is said that there was not an allusion in "Paradise Lost," drawn from
+any hint either in "Homer," or "Virgil," to which he could not
+immediately refer. While at Oxford he was honoured with the friendship
+of Mr. Edmund Smith, author of the Tragedy of "Phaedra and Hippolitus;"
+and also with that of the most polite and favoured of the gentlemen in
+the University. His first poem was published in 1703, entitled, "The
+Splendid Shilling," which has the merit of an original design. His next
+poem, entitled "Blenheim," which he wrote as a rival to Addison's poem
+on the same subject, was published in 1705, and procured him the
+patronage of Mr. Henry Saint John, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke.
+Independent of poetry, Philips was an excellent botanist; in 1706 he
+produced his third poem on "Cyder," founded on the model of Virgil's
+Georgics, a book not only of entertainment but of science; and soon
+afterwards, a latin Ode, "to Henry Saint John, Esq.," said to have been
+the poet's masterpiece. "It is gay and elegant," says Dr. Johnson, "and
+exhibits several artful accommodations of classic expressions to new
+purposes." At the time of his illness, Philips was meditating a poem to
+be called "The Last Day;" death put an end to so solemn and majestic a
+finale of genius. He died at Hereford, of a lingering consumption,
+February 15, 1708, in the thirty-third year of his age, and was buried
+in the cathedral of that city. Sir Simon Harcourt, afterwards Lord
+Chancellor, erected a monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey, the
+epitaph upon which was written by Doctor Atterbury. Philips was a
+gentleman of a modest and amiable disposition, "and always praised
+without contradiction," (says Dr. Johnson) "as a man, modest, blameless,
+and pious, who bore a narrow fortune without discontent--and tedious and
+painful maladies without impatience; beloved by those who knew him, but
+not ambitious to be known."
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, March 26, and August 26, for cattle
+ and toys.
+
+[Sidenote: John Philips the poet.]
+
+[Sidenote: Philips's poetical works.]
+
+[Sidenote: Character and death.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-----------+
+ 40|Bampton[A] to & pa|Westmorlnd|Orton 10|Penrith 9|
+ 40|Bampton-Grange ham|Westmorlnd| 10| 9|
+ 9|Bampton, Little to|Cumberland|Wigton 5|Carlisle 7|
+ +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+ 40|Bampton[A] to & pa|Shap 4 | 282| 636|
+ 40|Bampton-Grange ham| ... 4| 282| |
+ 9|Bampton, Little to|Longtown 10| 311| 213|
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BAMPTON. The river Lowther runs through this parish. Here is a
+beautiful lake, called Haweswater, three miles long, and half a mile
+broad; it is environed by lofty mountains, conveying to the mind a grand
+and imposing appearance: its eastern side is sheltered by rocky
+eminences, plentifully clothed with verdure, while the western side
+displays the open fields, with all the sweet varieties of culture. A
+lead mine has lately been discovered in the neighbourhood. The free
+grammar-school was founded by Thomas Sutton, D.D., who vested in
+trustees the sum of L500., collected from estates out of the parish of
+St. Saviour, Southwark, and other places. Here, also, three parochial
+libraries were established respectively, in the years 1710, 1750, 1752,
+comprising about 800 volumes. Thomas Gibson, M.D., who married the
+daughter of Richard Cromwell, Protector, was Physician-General of the
+army, and a native of this parish. He was the author of a system of
+anatomy. The learned doctor, having laid the foundation of his classical
+learning at a school in this county, he entered as scholar at Queen's
+College, Oxford, in 1686. The study of the northern languages about this
+period was particularly cultivated at the University, and Mr. Gibson
+rigidly applied himself to that branch of literature, in which he was
+assisted by Dr. Hicks. In a short time he translated into Latin the
+"Chronicon Saxonicum," and published it together with the Saxon
+original. Dr. Gibson had an early and strong inclination to search the
+antiquities of his own country, and being well versed in the knowledge
+of its original languages, he applied himself with great diligence, and
+in a few years produced his edition of "Camden's Britannica," and
+concluded this branch of learning with "Reliquae Spelmannianae," or the
+posthumous works of Sir Henry Spelman, relating to the laws and
+antiquities of England, which, with a life of the author, he published
+at Oxford, in 1698, and dedicated his work to Archbishop Tenison. About
+this time he was taken as Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop's family,
+and soon afterwards was made Rector of Lambeth, and Archdeacon of
+Surrey. Upon the death of the Archbishop, in 1715, Dr. Wake, Bishop of
+Lincoln, succeeded him, and Dr. Gibson was appointed to that See; and
+Dr. Robinson also dying, in 1720, Gibson was appointed Bishop of London.
+The ministry were so sensible of his great abilities, that a sort of
+ecclesiastical ministry was committed to his charge for several years.
+He died on the 6th of September, 1748, with true Christian fortitude,
+and in perfect tranquillity of mind.
+
+[Sidenote: Haweswater lake.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Thomas Gibson.]
+
+[Sidenote: An Antiquarian.]
+
+[Sidenote: Made Bishop of London.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+ 53|Bannel to|Flint |Hawarden 3|Mold 4|
+ 31|Banbury[A] bo. & m.t.|Oxford |Oxford 21|Woodstock 16|
+ +--+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+ 53|Bannel to|Wrexham 10| 196 | ...|
+ 31|Banbury[A] bo. & m.t.|Southam 14| 76 | 5906|
+ +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BANBURY is pleasantly situated on the small river Charwell, and its
+staple commodities seem to be cheese and cakes; the former, even in
+Shakspeare's time, appear to have been celebrated, for Bardolph, when
+accused by "Slender" of robbing him of his two milled sixpences,
+exclaims, "You Banbury cheese." The cakes have made this town more
+celebrated than even its political engagements. The castle of Banbury
+was founded in the year 1153, by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, and
+continued an episcopal residence till the reign of Henry VI. During the
+contentions between the houses of York and Lancaster, when civil discord
+was a familiar incident in this neighbourhood, Banbury suffered much;
+but more particularly in the memorable engagement, called "The Battle of
+Banbury," fought about three miles from the town, in 1469. It took place
+on a plane called Danesmoor, near Edgecote. The Earl of Warwick was the
+commander of the Lancasterian forces, and the Yorkists were led by the
+Earls of Stafford and Pembroke, who had possession of the town. After
+one of the most determined conflicts ever recorded, the Yorkists were
+routed; the Earl of Pembroke and his brother were both taken and
+beheaded, and Edward IV. himself made prisoner a few days after. In
+1642, the towns-people took part with the Parliament, but after the
+battle of Edgehill, this castle was taken by the royalists, under Sir
+William Compton, who defended it for 13 weeks against all the efforts of
+Sir John Fiennes, until the garrison was relieved by the Earl of
+Northampton. It suffered a further siege of 10 weeks, under Sir William
+Waller, and surrendered on honourable terms. Leland, who wrote in the
+Reign of Henry VIII., says, "In this castle is a terrible prison for
+convict men." A stone vault, with grated windows, and traces of the
+inner ditch, is supposed to have been the terrible prison alluded to,
+but very small remains exist in the present day. The free grammar-school
+is now wholly abandoned, and the school-house let out on lease by the
+corporation. This is much to be regretted, as it was formerly held in
+such high estimation, that the statutes of this establishment were taken
+as a model for St. Paul's school, London; and the statutes of the free
+grammar-school of Manchester, in 1524, ordain, that the grammar taught
+in that school, should be taught only "after the manner of the school at
+Banbury, in Oxfordshire, which is called Stanbridge's Grammar." Mr.
+Stanbridge, the celebrated grammarian alluded to, was a highly learned
+man, and tutor to Sir Thomas Pope. Adjoining the Ram Inn is a sulphurous
+well, and at a small distance from the town is a chalybeate spring. The
+pyrites aureus, or golden fire-stone, is frequently found in this
+neighbourhood. Among other interesting remains about the town is an
+ancient hospital, dedicated to St. John, now converted into a
+farm-house. This borough returns one member to parliament, as it did
+before the passing of the Reform Bill. The electors of the old
+constituency were but 18 in number, but the L10. householders are about
+365. The borough comprises the parish, and the returning-officer is the
+Mayor.
+
+ _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Thursday after Jan. 18, for cattle,
+ horses, and sheep: first Thursday in Lent; second Thursday before
+ Easter, cattle and sheep; Ascension Day; Thursday and Friday in
+ Trinity week; August 13, horses, cows, and sheep; Thursday after Old
+ Michaelmas, hogs and cheese; October 30; and second Thursday before
+ Christmas. Cheese, hops, and cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 4.15 morning;
+ departs 10.34 night.--_Bankers_, (Old Bank) Cobb and Co., draw on
+ Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Gibbons and Co., draw on Robarts and Co.;
+ Gillett and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Red Lion, and White
+ Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Cheese and cakes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Battle of Banbury.]
+
+[Sidenote: Once a celebrated grammar school.]
+
+[Sidenote: Electors.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 50|Bangor[A] city & pa|Caernarvon|Caernarvon 9|Aberconway 15|
+ +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 50|Bangor[A] city & pa|Holyhead 24| 245| 4751|
+ +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BANGOR, which signifies the beautiful choir, is a Bishop's See;
+compared to its former size, it is now but an inconsiderable place. It
+is seated at the mouth of the Menai, near its opening to the Lavan
+sands, in a narrow valley, between two low ridges of slate rock, opening
+to the south, towards the majestic mountain, Snowdon, which rises 3571
+feet above the level of the sea. Mr. Warner, the intelligent Welsh
+tourist, and his companion, spoke in raptures of this place. The beauty,
+repose, and retirement of the whole pleased them wonderfully. The latter
+observed, "If he were Bishop of Bangor, the only translation he would
+covet would be, thence to heaven." The former agreed with him, that
+"Were fate to throw him also into such a spot, very few attractions
+would have sufficient force to elicit him from it." They had "Never seen
+a place which united so many beauties in so narrow a circle." From this
+city the new road finds its way through a low pass in the adjacent
+ridge, and descends gently along the face of the sloping bank to the
+great bridge: this road is very smooth and well protected, and worthy of
+the magnificent scenery by which it is surrounded. Menai suspension
+bridge is distant about two miles and a half from Bangor. This noble
+bridge is substituted for the inconvenient ferry; it is 100 feet above
+the level of high water, even at spring tides. The cathedral is a low
+plain building, dedicated to St. Deiniol, to whom it owed its origin
+about the year 525, and he was elected the first bishop in 550. He was
+the son of Dinothus, Abbot of Bangor-iscoed, and reared under the
+auspices of a Welsh prince, patron of the bard Talliesin, and perhaps
+the most liberal prince of his time. In 1402 it was burnt down, during
+the rebellion of Owen Glendower; and what is rather singular, it was
+suffered to remain in ruins during the space of 90 years, when the choir
+was rebuilt by the Bishop in the reign of Henry VII. But that cruel
+ravager of ecclesiastical property, Bishop Bulkeley, not only alienated
+the lands belonging to the cathedral, but even had the audacity to sell
+the bells of the church. The choir is fitted up in a style of neat and
+simple elegance, and ornamented with an excellent organ, the gift of Dr.
+Thomas Lloyd, in 1779. The chapter consists of a dean, three
+archdeacons, two precentors, two vicars choral, six minor canons, six
+lay clerks, and eight choristers, with an income of L2,000. per annum.
+The windows of the cathedral were formerly very handsomely ornamented
+with stained glass, but in the civil wars of Charles I. the soldiers
+destroyed these, amongst other things. The most conspicuous monument in
+this building is that erected to the memory of Owen Gwynedd, one of the
+ancient princes of Wales. Here are several Dissenting meeting-houses,
+and the town is the resort of many visitors during the summer season;
+upwards of 50,000 annually are said to remain for longer or shorter
+periods. Steam-packets ply between this place and Liverpool.
+
+ _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, April 5; June 25; September 16; and
+ October 28.--_Mail_ arrives at Menai Bridge 4.15 morning; departs
+ 8.32 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: The suspension bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cathedral.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+ 53|Bangor[A] vil & pa|Flint |Ellesmere 11|Overton 3|
+ 27|Banham pa|Norfolk |East Harling 5|Buckenham 2|
+ 45|Bank-Newton to|W.R. York |Skipton 5|Settle 11|
+ 9|Banks to|Cumberland|Carlisle 13|Brampton 3|
+ 27|Banningham pa|Norfolk |Aylesham 3|N. Walsham 5|
+ 37|Banstead[B] pa|Surrey |Ewell 3|Croydon 6|
+ 34|Banwell[C] pa|Somerset |Axbridge 4|Bristol 18|
+ 21|Bapchild pa|Kent |Sittingbourne 2|Milton 3|
+ 40|Barbon chap|Westmorl. |Kirkby Lons. 3|Sedbergh 7|
+ +--+------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+-----------+--------------+-----+------+
+ 53|Bangor[A] vil & pa|Wrexham 5| 174| 1389|
+ 27|Banham pa|Diss 7| 92| 1297|
+ 45|Bank-Newton to|Burnley 15| 221| 125|
+ 9|Banks to|Longtown 14| 314| 296|
+ 27|Banningham pa|Cromer 9| 121| 369|
+ 37|Banstead[B] pa|Sutton 3| 15| 991|
+ 34|Banwell[C] pa|Fensford 16| 130| 1623|
+ 21|Bapchild pa|Faversham 6| 41| 319|
+ 40|Barbon chap|Kendal 11| 258| 318|
+ +--+------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BANGOR ISCOED is situated on the banks of the river Dee, which here
+passes under a bridge of five arches. This place, at present very
+inconsiderable, is famed on account of having been the site of the most
+ancient monastery in the kingdom, founded by Lucius, the son of Coel,
+the first Christian King of Britain, sometime previous to the year 180.
+This abbey was remarkable for its valuable library, and the number of
+learned men trained within its venerable walls. Gildas Ninnius, who
+lived in the 7th century, was one of its abbots. He wrote in Latin an
+incorrect history of England, which is still extant. According to Speed,
+this monastery, in the year 596, contained no less than 2,400 monks, 100
+of which passed in their turns one hour of devotion; there are no
+remains of the monastery existing.
+
+[Sidenote: The first abbey established in Britain.]
+
+
+[B] BANSTEAD is celebrated for the excellent herbage which the
+neighbouring downs afford the sheep, which are highly prized for the
+delicate flavour of the mutton. There are many elegant seats in the
+vicinity, amongst which are Banstead House, Miss Motteux; Cold Blow
+Cottage, General Sir Edward Howorth; and the Oaks, the seat of the Earl
+of Derby. This celebrated villa was erected by a society of gentlemen,
+called the "Hunter's Club," and the present noble proprietor can
+accommodate his guests with more than 50 bed chambers; and a pack of
+hounds are kept on the establishment, which has been long noted for its
+hospitality. On the 26th of February, 1834, Mr. John Richardson, a
+farmer, returning from Epsom to Banstead, was robbed and murdered on
+these downs.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Earl of Derby.]
+
+
+[C] BANWELL is an agreeable village, situated under the northern
+declivity of the Mendip hills, and is supposed to derive its name from a
+spring strongly impregnated with mineral properties, which expands into
+a fine sheet of water, and after turning two mills, empties itself into
+the channel near the ruins of Woodspring Priory. The church, which is a
+fine specimen of the florid gothic of the Tudor age, contains a richly
+carved screen and rood loft, a beautiful sculptured stone pulpit, and
+several windows of the richest stained glass. This manor has been in the
+possession of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, from the reign of Edward
+the Confessor, with little exception, till the present time. They had
+for many centuries a palace here, but nothing of it remains except a
+private residence called Banwell Court, still interesting for its
+antiquity. The park has been divided into enclosures, which afford at
+every point a most pleasing variety of landscapes. The Bishop of Bath
+and Wells has also a cottage ornee, for the accommodation of his family
+and of the numerous visitors which are driven hither to view the two
+singular caverns which have been discovered of late years in this
+neighbourhood. The monastery of Banwell was founded by the early Saxon
+monarchs. Asserius, or Asser, the scholar and biographer of King Alfred,
+was made Abbot by that monarch. This Abbey was destroyed by the Danes;
+it was afterwards restored, but never recovered its pristine importance;
+for instead of arriving at the point of prosperity usual in Royal
+foundations, it sunk into obscurity long prior to the dissolution of
+religious houses. Banwell is remarkable for two extraordinary caverns
+discovered in the year 1824, which occasioned no inconsiderable number
+of the curious to resort to the village. They were first discovered by
+some workmen digging a shaft in search of Calamine, which intersected a
+steep narrow fissure; after they had descended about 80 feet it opened
+into a spacious cavern, 150 feet long and 30 broad, and about 30 feet
+high. This is called the stalactite cavern, from the beautiful specimens
+of crystalized stalactite, which lay covering huge fragments of rock
+about the floor. In this place were found two pieces of candle,
+encrusted with lime, supposed to have been left by the miners after
+working for ochre, calamine, &c. A rich vein of iron ore, with some
+cobalt and manganese, was also discovered, the working of which has long
+since commenced, and the produce is conveyed to the smelting works on
+the southern coast of Wales. The workmen, in order to facilitate an
+easier method of entrance, opened another fissure lower in the rock,
+when suddenly another cavern presented itself, the floor of which was
+covered with a mass of sand, limestone, teeth, bones, &c. Professor
+Buckland, who surveyed this place, states, that a shaft being driven
+into this mass, proved it to have been nearly 40 feet deep. The bones
+consisted of various specimens of the ox tribe, including the elk.
+Skeletons of the wolf, and a gigantic bear, in point of preservation,
+like what are to be found in ordinary churchyards--supposed to be of
+antediluvian origin, where found here. In the roof of the cave is a
+large chimney-like shaft, formerly rising to the surface, but now
+blocked up by fragments of limestone, mud, and sand, adhering together
+by incrustation, and through which dreadful pitfall, it is presumed,
+this immense number of beasts were precipitated at the great inundation.
+The rubbish has been partially cleared, and the bones are used to
+decorate the sides of the walls. A British earthwork crowns the summit
+of the neighbouring eminence, enclosing, within its irregular rampart,
+an area of about 20 acres; and, about a quarter of a mile further, is an
+entrenchment nearly square, the ground in the centre of which is
+elevated in the form of a cross.
+
+ _Fairs_, Jan. 18, and July 18, for cattle, sheep, and cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: Formerly a Bishop's Palace.]
+
+[Sidenote: Extraordinary caverns.]
+
+[Sidenote: Antediluvian bones.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+----------+---------------+
+ 28|Barby pa|Northamp |Daventry 6|Welford 11|
+ 39|Barcheston pa|Warwick |Shipston 2|Kineton 9|
+ 38|Barcombe pa|Sussex |Lewes 3|Uckfield 6|
+ 44|Barden pa|N.R. York|Leyburn 3|Richmond 4|
+ 44|Barden to & chap|W.R. York|Skipton 8|Paitley Brid. 9|
+ 14|Bardfield,(Great)[A] pa|Essex |Thaxted 5|Dunmow 7|
+ 14|Bardfield-Saling pa|Essex | 4| 7|
+ 24|Bardney[B] pa|Lincoln |Lincoln 12|Horncastle 9|
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+----------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+---------+
+ 28|Barby pa|Crick 4| 78| 637|
+ 39|Barcheston pa|L. Compton 5| 83| 198|
+ 38|Barcombe pa|Brighton 11| 48| 931|
+ 44|Barden pa|Bedale 8| 231| 106|
+ 44|Barden to & chap|Otley 13| 218| 214|
+ 14|Bardfield,(Great)[A] pa|Haverhill 10| 48| 1029|
+ 14|Bardfield-Saling pa| 10| 48| 359|
+ 24|Bardney[B] pa|Wragby 9| 136| 1098|
+ +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BARDFIELD, (Great.) _Market_, formerly Tuesday (now
+disused.)--_Fair_, June 22, for cattle and toys.
+
+
+[B] BARDNEY, anciently Beardanam, is situated in a marsh on the north
+bank of the river Witham. An abbey was founded in the time of the
+Saxons, prior to the year 641. Here Ethelred, divesting himself of the
+splendour of royalty, retired to devote his days to religion, and became
+superior of the monastery. King Oswald is said to have been buried here,
+but the body was afterwards removed to the church of Gloucester. The
+hand was retained by the monks as a relique, to which they ascribed the
+power of working miracles, and for a long period imposed upon the
+credulity of superstitious pilgrims. In the year 870 the monastery was
+burned by the Danes, but was afterwards rebuilt by Gilbert De Gaunt,
+Earl of Lincoln, who annexed to it several extensive estates. At the
+dissolution its annual revenues were estimated at L429. 7s.
+
+[Sidenote: King Oswald buried here.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+ 23|Bardon Park to|Leicester |Leicester 9|Loughboro' 5|
+ 22|Bardsea to|Lancaster |Ulverston 3|Dalton 5|
+ 50|Bardsey Isle[A] |Caernarvon|Aberdaron 4|Pwllheli 20|
+ 45|Bardsey[B] to & pa|W.R. York |Wetherby 5|Leeds 9|
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 23|Bardon Park to|Ashby 9| 107| 65|
+ 22|Bardsea to|Cartmel 8| 276| ...|
+ 50|Bardsey Isle[A] |Nevin 18| 256| 84|
+ 45|Bardsey[B] to & pa|Tadcaster 8| 193| 331|
+ +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARDSEY ISLE, is near the south-east point of the promontory of
+Llyn, in Caernarvonshire: it is of a moderate elevation; in length two
+miles, and in breadth one. The third part of its contents of 370 acres,
+occupied by a high mountain, affords sustenance to a few sheep and
+rabbits. It is about a league distant from the main land, and only
+accessible to the mariner on its south-east side, where there is a small
+well-sheltered harbour. There is no reptile ever seen on this island,
+except the common water-lizard. The soil is clayey, but produces
+excellent barley and wheat. The inhabitants are employed in cultivating
+the land, and in fishing. The abbot's house is a large stone building,
+occupied by several families, and near it is a singular chapel, or
+oratory, being a long arched edifice, with a insolated stone altar near
+the east end. Dubricius, archbishop of Caerleon, almost worn out with
+age, resigned his see to St. David, retired here, and died in 522. He
+was interred upon the spot, but such was the veneration paid to his
+memory in after ages, that about the year 1107, his remains were
+removed, by the procurement of Urban, then Bishop of Llandaff, and
+re-interred in the cathedral of that see, of which he had been the first
+bishop. St. Dubricius was a man of singular eminence for learning and
+piety. He was Archbishop of Caerleon, and Metropolitan of all Wales, in
+the time of Aurelius Ambrosius; and prior to this elevation, he taught a
+school on the banks of his native river, which was much resorted to from
+all Christian countries.
+
+[Sidenote: No reptiles on this island.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Dubricius.]
+
+
+[B] BARDSEY, comprises the township of Bardsey, with Rigton and
+Wathersome. Near the church is a mound called Castle Hill, supposed to
+have been the site of a Roman fortress. At Bardsey Grange, in this
+parish, resided occasionally, and died, Francis Thorpe, the tyrannical
+Baron of the Exchequer; but the same house is rendered memorable as the
+birth place of the poet Congreve, in 1670. This clever and celebrated
+poet, was baptised in the church of this village in the month of
+February of the same year. When an infant he was carried to Kilkenny, by
+his father, who had the command of the army there. He received his
+education in the school of Kilkenny, and from these circumstances it is
+probable that persons had fallen into the erroneous impression that
+Congreve was a native of Ireland. In 1685 he was admitted into the
+university of Dublin. In 1691 he became a member of the society of the
+Middle Temple, but soon relinquished the dry study of the Law. At the
+age of twenty-one, he published his novel called "Incognita," or, "Love
+and Duty Reconciled." Soon afterwards, he brought out the Comedy, called
+"The Old Bachelor," of which Dryden says, "he never saw such a first
+play in his life;" it was performed in 1793, with the most unbounded
+applause. Lord Falkland wrote the prologue. The singular success and
+merits of this production, recommended him to the patronage and notice
+of the Earl of Halifax, who settled him in an office of six hundred a
+year, and during his life patronised him in every way he could. His next
+piece was "The Double Dealer." On the death of Queen Mary, in 1693, he
+wrote a Pastoral on the occasion, entitled "The Mourning Muse of
+Alexis," upon the appearance of which King William, her husband, granted
+him an annuity of L100. per annum. In 1695, he produced his Comedy,
+called "Love for Love;" and in 1697, the beautiful Tragedy of "The
+Mourning Bride." Having lived a high and honorable life amongst the most
+celebrated wits and classical men of the age, he died at his house in
+Surrey-street, in the Strand, January 19, 1729. On the 26th his corpse
+lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, at Westminster, and the same
+evening was carried into Henry the Seventh's Chapel, and afterwards
+buried in the Abbey. His pall was supported by the Duke of Bridgewater,
+Earl Godolphin, Lord Cobham, Lord Wilmington, Hon. George Berkeley,
+Esq., and Brigadier-General Churchill. Dr. Johnson says, "He has merit
+of the highest kind; he is an original writer, who borrowed neither the
+models of his plot, nor the manner of his dialogue." And Voltaire
+remarks, "That he raised the glory of comedy to a greater height than
+any English writer before or since his time."
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of Congreve, the poet.]
+
+[Sidenote: His works.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in Surrey-st., London.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+ 36|Bardwell pa|Suffolk |Bury 10|Ixworth 3|
+ 22|Bare to|Lancaster|Lancaster 3|Burton 10|
+ 23|Baresley to|Leicester|Leicester 10|Melton 8|
+ 27|Barford pa|Norfolk |Wymondham 5|Dereham 13|
+ 39|Barford pa|Warwick |Warwick 3|Stratford 7|
+ 31|Barford,(Great)[A] pa|Bedford |Bedford 6|St. Neots 7|
+ 3|Barford,(Great) pa|Oxford |Deddington 2|Banbury 6|
+ 3|Barford,(Little)[B] pa|Bedford |St. Neots 3|Potton 7|
+ 31|Barford, St. John's, ch|Oxford |Deddington 3|Banbury 5|
+ 41|Barford, St. Martin, pa|Wilts |Wilton 3|Salisbury 6|
+ 43|Barforth to|N.R. York|Richmond 10|Barnard Cas 10|
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 36|Bardwell pa|Thetford 9| 80| 799|
+ 22|Bare to|K. Lonsdale 14| 243| 110|
+ 23|Baresley to|M. Sorrel 10| 105| ...|
+ 27|Barford pa|Norwich 10| 105| 420|
+ 39|Barford pa|Kineton 8| 92| 748|
+ 31|Barford,(Great)[A] pa|Potton 7| 53| 731|
+ 3|Barford,(Great) pa|Chip Norton 11| 71| 350|
+ 3|Barford,(Little)[B] pa|Biggleswade 9| 54| 176|
+ 31|Barford, St. John's, ch|Chip Norton 11| 72| 131|
+ 41|Barford, St. Martin, pa|Hindon 10| 87| 570|
+ 43|Barforth to|Darlington 9| 243| 128|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BARFORD, (Great). At this place is a piece of land, called White
+Bread Close, left, as is generally believed, by one of the Shepherd
+family, formerly residents of considerable opulence in the parish, for
+the purpose of purchasing loaves of white bread, to be thrown among the
+populace from the church porch. This whimsical custom at last became
+such a scene of scrambling, fighting, and disorder, that it was
+prohibited by the curate, and the money applied towards the purchase of
+coals for the poor, at Christmas. The boys, and even men, seemed to have
+participated in this sport, the same as at a game at foot-ball, or other
+play; and an old gentleman in the adjoining village fully remembers
+taking an active part in the scramble, and bearing off the wheaten loaf
+in triumph.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious custom.]
+
+
+[B] BARFORD, (Little), is situated in the hundred of Biggleswade, and is
+chiefly celebrated as the birth-place of Rowe, the dramatic poet, who
+was born here in the year 1673. His father having designed him for the
+study of the law, took him from school at the age of sixteen, and
+entered him a student in the Middle Temple. He made considerable
+progress, and was called to the bar, but Homer and Virgil had more
+charms for him than either Coke or Littleton. He was strongly solicited
+by his friends to practice, but nothing could overcome his affection for
+the muses; and his play, the "Ambitious Step-mother," having been
+received with great applause, he resolved to make poetry his profession.
+He had imbibed in his youth the most noble sentiments of liberty, of
+which he gave a specimen in his Tragedy of "Tamerlane." This was the
+second play that he wrote, and until of late years it was usual to
+perform it on the 4th and 5th of November, in commemoration of the
+gunpowder treason, and the landing of King William. Mr. Rowe being out
+of all employment, went one day to wait on the Earl of Oxford, Lord High
+Treasurer of England, when, among other things his Lordship asked him,
+whether he understood Spanish. He replied in the negative, and his
+Lordship said he would advise him to learn it as soon as possible. Rowe
+took his leave, applied himself to the study of that language, and
+expecting some lucrative employment, again waited upon him. How great
+was his disappointment, when his Lordship, on being informed of his
+acquisition, merely exclaimed, "How happy are you, Mr. Rowe, that you
+can now enjoy the pleasure of reading "Don Quixote" in the original!"
+His death took place on the 6th of December, 1718, in the 45th year of
+his age, and he was buried with great funeral pomp, in Westminster
+Abbey, where a handsome monument is erected to his memory.
+
+[Sidenote: Rowe, the Dramatist.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 21|Barfreston pa|Kent |Wingham 6|Dover 8|
+ 19|Barham pa|Huntingdon|Kimbolton 6|Alconbury 4|
+ 21|Barham pa|Kent |Canterbury 7|Dover 9|
+ 36|Barham pa|Suffolk |Ipswich 5|Needham 5|
+ 24|Barholm pa|Lincoln |M. Deeping 4|Stamford 6|
+ 23|Barkby pa|Leicester |Leicester 5|Melton 11|
+ 23|Barkby-Thorpe to|Leicester | 4| 12|
+ 4|Barkham pa|Berks |Wokingham 4|Reading 7|
+ 14|Barking[A] m.t. & pa|Essex |Romford 5|Woolwich 4|
+ 36|Barking pa|Suffolk |Needham Mt 1|Stow Market 4|
+ +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 21|Barfreston pa|Canterbury 10| 65| 114|
+ 19|Barham pa|Huntingdon 10| 68| 73|
+ 21|Barham pa|Sandwich 11| 62| 1053|
+ 36|Barham pa|Debenham 9| 74| 825|
+ 24|Barholm pa|Bourn 8| 94| 155|
+ 23|Barkby pa|Houghton 5| 100| 806|
+ 23|Barkby-Thorpe to| 5| 100| 72|
+ 4|Barkham pa|Bagshot 11| 35| 247|
+ 14|Barking[A] m.t. & pa|Ilford 2| 7| 8036|
+ 36|Barking pa|Ipswich 10| 70| 1884|
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARKING, in the hundred of Beacontree. The name is derived,
+according to some writers, from the Saxon words Beorce--a birch tree,
+and Ing--a meadow; but the most natural presumption is, that it takes
+its name from Berging, signifying a fortification in a meadow, and which
+seems to be borne out, as there is an encampment still to be traced, of
+the most extensive dimensions, being more than forty-eight acres in the
+area; near to which is a spring of fine water, which no doubt supplied
+the inmates. In 870, Barking was burnt by the Danes, and the abbey
+destroyed, and the nuns either murdered or dispersed. Soon after the
+conquest, King William retired to this place, while the Tower of London
+was being erected, not deeming it safe to continue in that city; and
+here he was visited during the preparation for his coronation, by Earl
+Edwin, of Mercia; Morcar, Earl of Northumberland; and many others of the
+nobility, who swore fealty to him, on the restoration of their estates.
+It is situated on the river Roding, which branches off in two different
+streams, and unites with the Thames about two miles distant. Barking
+Creek is navigable for ships of 80 tons burden, and the coal and timber,
+together with the fishing trade, is carried on to a considerable extent.
+About a hundred fishing smacks sail from this town. Near the creek is a
+large flour mill, formerly belonging to the abbey; and in the vicinity
+of the town are extensive potatoe grounds for the supply of the London
+market. Barking is rather a dull town, from the want of a main
+thoroughfare; it has the appearance of antiquity stamped upon it,
+particularly the market-house, which is an extensive and ancient
+building of timber and plaster, of the age of Elizabeth. Here is a
+town-hall and work-house. A free quay for landing goods, subject to a
+table of regulations, and a spacious new road from the Commercial-road,
+through Eastham and Wallend to Barking. The church is dedicated to St.
+Margaret, and is a spacious ancient structure, with a lofty embattled
+tower at the west end, having a beacon turret at one corner. A
+free-school, which now occupies part of the work-house, was founded by
+Sir James Campbell, in 1641, who bequeathed a sum of L666. 13s. 4d. for
+that purpose. John Fowke, Esq., bequeathed certain lands for the
+maintenance of eight boys in Christ's Hospital, two of whom are chosen
+from this parish. The importance formerly attached to the town of
+Barking was almost entirely to be attributed to the magnificent abbey
+that was established here in the year 670, by Erkenwald, Bishop of
+London, for nuns of the Benedictine order: it was dedicated to the
+Virgin Mary. This abbey was governed by a succession of Abbesses, of
+noble, and even royal descent After the destruction of the establishment
+by the Danes, in the year 870, it was again rebuilt in a style of
+greater splendour than before, and on the death of King Edgar, in 970,
+his queen became Abbess. From the earliest period to the time of its
+dissolution, it may be said to have been a seminary for the principal
+gentry of England. Its revenues amounted, at the suppression of the
+religious houses, to L1084. 6s. 2-3/4d. Destruction has done its worst
+to this beautiful abbey, for at present little or nothing remains but
+the gateway, an interesting object, and in good preservation; over which
+is a room, called the Chapel of the Holy Ghost. This gateway was
+denominated the fire-bell gate, from its having anciently contained the
+curfew; it is a square embattled structure, with an octagonal turret at
+one of the angles. The arch of the entrance is finely pointed, and
+enriched with deeply receding mouldings; above is a canopied niche,
+under a fine gothic window of three lights. Among the ruins of the abbey
+were discovered a fibula, and a gold ring, on which were engraved, the
+Salutation of the Virgin Mary, and the initials I.M. The tyranny
+exercised over the tenants of this manor by the fraternity, would almost
+create a feeling of surprise in our present liberal and enlightened age,
+were they not perfectly well known in a thousand other instances. The
+manor of Clayhall was held under the Abbess and convent of Barking, by
+the following services: viz. that every tenant should come in person to
+the Abbey Church, on the vigil of St. Ethelburg the Virgin, and there
+attend and guard the high altar, from the first hours of Vespers till
+nine the next morning; and that he should be ready at all times, with a
+horse and a man, to attend the Abbess and her steward, when going upon
+the business of the convent, any where within the four seas. And,
+lastly, that the Abbess should have by way of herriot, upon the death of
+every tenant, his best horse and accoutrements: these services, however,
+did not exempt them from the quit rents. Besides the above tenure, there
+were other vexatious contingencies; viz. one (Robert Gerard) was among
+other services, to gather a full measure of nuts, called a pybot, four
+of which should make a bushel; to go a long journey on foot once a year
+to Colchester, Chelmsford, Ely, or the like distances, on the business
+of the convent, carrying a pack; and other shorter distances, such as
+Brentford, &c., and maintaining himself upon the road. He was to pay a
+fine upon the marriage of his daughter, if she married beyond the limits
+of the manor. If his daughter had an illegitimate child, he was to make
+the best terms he could with the Abbess, for the fine called Kyldwyte.
+It appears also, that he could not even sell his ox fed by himself,
+without the Abbess's permission. Some of the tenants, according to
+Blount, were obliged to watch and guard thieves in the Abbess's prison.
+A few miles distant, in a glade in Hainhault Forest, formerly stood an
+oak, famed through many centuries, and known by the name of Fairlop Oak.
+Its age is traced by the traditions of the country half way through the
+Christian era. Part of this noble tree has been converted into the
+pulpit of St. Pancras new church. Its rough fluted stem was 36 feet in
+circumference, and about a yard from the ground, divided into eleven
+immense arms; yet not in the horizontal manner of an oak, but rather
+that of a beech. Beneath its shade, which formerly overspread an area of
+three hundred feet in circuit, an annual fair was held on the 2nd of
+July, and no booth was suffered to be raised beyond the extent of its
+boughs. The fair is still continued on the same spot the first Friday in
+July.
+
+ _Market_ disused.--_Fair_, October 22, for toys. It lies within the
+ three-penny post delivery.
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of its name.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by the Danes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Once a town of importance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular services by which the manor of Clayhall was held.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fairlop oak.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+ 45|Barkisland to|W.R. York|Halifax 4|Huddersfield 8|
+ 23|Barkston pa|Leicester|Melton 12|Belvoir Cas. 4|
+ 24|Barkstone pa|Lincoln |Grantham 4|Sleaford 9|
+ 46|Barkstone Ash to|W.R. York|Tadcaster 6|Abberford 5|
+ 18|Barkway to & pa|Herts |Hertford 15|Puckeridge 8|
+ 24|Barkwith, East pa|Lincoln |Wragby 3|M. Raisin 8|
+ 24|Barkwith, West pa|Lincoln | 3| 8|
+ 35|Barlaston pa|Stafford |Stone 4|Newcastle 6|
+ 38|Barlavington pa|Sussex |Petworth 5|Chichester 12|
+ 10|Barlborough pa|Derby |Chesterfield 8|Worksop 7|
+ 46|Barlby chap|E.R. York|Selby 2|York 13|
+ 23|Barleston chap|Leicester|Bosworth 3|Leicester 12|
+ 18|Barley pa|Herts |Barkway 3|Cambridge 14|
+ 22|Barley to|Lancaster|Colne 5|Clitheroe 5|
+ 32|Barleythorpe chap|Rutland |Oakham 2|Melton 9|
+ 14|Barling pa|Essex |Prittlewell 5|Rochford 5|
+ 24|Barlings pa|Lincoln |Lincoln 7|Wragby 4|
+ 46|Barlow to|W.R. York|Selby 3|Snaith 6|
+ 10|Barlow, Great chap|Derby |Chesterfield 4|Dronfield 3|
+ 10|Barlow, Little to|Derby | 5| 3|
+ +--+-------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 45|Barkisland to|Rochdale 13| 196| 2292|
+ 23|Barkston pa|Bingham 7| 115| 297|
+ 24|Barkstone pa|Folkingham 11| 114| 430|
+ 46|Barkstone Ash to|York 15| 185| 265|
+ 18|Barkway to & pa|Cambridge 17| 35| 1108|
+ 24|Barkwith, East pa|Louth 12| 147| 187|
+ 24|Barkwith, West pa| 11| 146| 113|
+ 35|Barlaston pa|Cheadle 8| 145| 514|
+ 38|Barlavington pa|Arundel 8| 54| 111|
+ 10|Barlborough pa|Sheffield 17| 150| 713|
+ 46|Barlby chap|Howden 12| 183| 348|
+ 23|Barleston chap|Ashby 9| 109| 582|
+ 18|Barley pa|Ware 16| 37| 704|
+ 22|Barley to|Burnley 5| 217| 707|
+ 32|Barleythorpe chap|Stamford 13| 96| ...|
+ 14|Barling pa|Southend 6| 45| 317|
+ 24|Barlings pa|Bardney 8| 140| 280|
+ 46|Barlow to|Howden 8| 179| 225|
+ 10|Barlow, Great chap|Sheffield 10| 154| 581|
+ 10|Barlow, Little to| 10| 155| 58|
+ +--+-------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ 46|Barmby on the M. chap|E.R. York|Howden 5|Selby 6|
+ 46|Barnby on Don to & pa|W.R. York|Doncaster 6|Thorne 7|
+ 46|Barmby on Moor, to & p|E.R. York|Pocklington 2|York 11|
+ 53|Barmele to|Flint |Chester 7|Holywell 12|
+ 27|Barmer pa|Norfolk |Burnham 6|Fakenham 7|
+ 21|Barming[A] pa|Kent |Maidstone 3|Tonbridge 11|
+ 55|Barmouth[B] to|Merioneth|Dolgelly 10|Harleigh 11|
+ 13|Barmpton to|Durham |Darlington 3|Stockton 9|
+ 13|Barmston to|Durham |Sunderland 5|Durham 10|
+ 43|Barmston pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 7|Driffield 10|
+ 39|Barnacle ham|Warwick |Nuneaton 5|Coventry 7|
+ 30|Barnack pa|Northamp |Wansford 4|Stamford 4|
+ 22|Barnaker to|Lancaster|Garstang 3|Lancaster 12|
+ 13|Barnard Castle[C] t & p|Durham |Middleton 10|Darlington 17|
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 46|Barmby on the M. chap|Snaith 6| 180| 525|
+ 46|Barnby on Don to & pa| 9| 168| 617|
+ 46|Barmby on Moor, to & p|M. Weighton 8| 210| 440|
+ 53|Barmele to|Flint 8| 196| 115|
+ 27|Barmer pa|Lynn 18| 115| 43|
+ 21|Barming[A] pa|Chatham 13| 33| 565|
+ 55|Barmouth[B] to|Towyn 11| 222 |1980|
+ 13|Barmpton to|Durham 18| 244| 90|
+ 13|Barmston to|Newcastle 7| 269| 73|
+ 43|Barmston pa|Hornsea 8| 200| 223|
+ 39|Barnacle ham|Rugby 12| 95| 219|
+ 30|Barnack pa|Peterboro' 11| 88| 812|
+ 22|Barnaker to|Preston 15| 232| 519|
+ 13|Barnard Castle[C] t & p|Staindrop 6| 246| 4430|
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARMING. Of this village the learned antiquarian, Mark Noble, was
+rector. His principal works were a history of the College of Arms, a
+Genealogical History of the Royal Families of Europe, Memoirs of the
+Protectorate House of Cromwell; and, also, of the illustrious house of
+Medici. On St. Thomas's Day there is an annual solicitation for charity,
+and with the money raised loaves of bread are purchased, and distributed
+to the resident poor. Great quantities of hops, cherries, and filberts,
+are grown in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Mark Noble.]
+
+
+[B] BARMOUTH, near the conflux of the river Maw, or Mawddach, is a
+village singularly situated; the houses are disposed, either among the
+sand, in a low situation, or at different heights on the side of a huge
+rock, like a part of the city of Edinburgh, and are said to resemble the
+town of Gibraltar. These houses form eight tiers, to which there is no
+approach, but by steps cut in the rock. The floors of one row are about
+level with the tops of the chimnies immediately in front; so that a
+person standing at his door may look down the chimnies of the
+neighbourhood below. The first range regales the second with its smoke,
+the second the third, &c. till we arrive at the uppermost, which, in a
+westerly wind, takes the mixed perfume of all. Barmouth is the port of
+Merionethshire, not far from which the river Mawddach has its
+commencement. "Proceeding along the banks of this river towards
+Dolgelly," says Mr. Bingley, "when it was high water, the whole bed of
+the river being filled, made the different landscapes in the scene
+appear truly picturesque. The first two miles which lay along, what the
+inhabitants of Barmouth call, the Beach, formed the most interesting
+part of the journey. In the composition of the views, scarcely any thing
+appeared wanting; there was every requisite of mountain and vale, wood,
+water, meadows, and rocks, arranged in beautiful order. Beyond the
+beach, the road winds at a little distance from the river, among the low
+mountains; and from different stations, I had views of the most elegant
+and picturesque landscapes, the river partly hidden by intervening
+mountains. This stream is much diminished in width and depth: at present
+it will not admit so much as a pleasure-boat to reach Dolgelly, which
+obliges company to walk three-quarters of a mile to the town."
+
+[Sidenote: A very curiously built town.]
+
+
+[C] BARNARD CASTLE. The castle from which the town appears to have
+derived its name, was founded by Barnard, son of Guy Baliol, who
+accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and to whom William Rufus
+granted the noble forests of Teesdale and Marwood. Edward the First,
+determined to mortify the Bishop of Durham and to abridge his power; he,
+therefore, gave this castle to Guy Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in whose
+family it continued for five generations. It afterwards came to the
+crown, and the tyrant Richard III. who took very great delight in this
+place, contributed much to its beauty by the most tasteful
+embellishments; his armorial bearings still appear, not only on the
+castle but over many parts of the town, and it has been a crown domain
+ever since. Hutchinson in his history of the county of Durham, describes
+the remains of the castle as covering about six acres and three quarters
+of ground. The parts which were of chief strength, stand on the very
+brink of a steep rock, about eighty feet above the level of the river
+Tees, commanding a most beautiful prospect up the river. The area on the
+side of the market-place, appears not to have had any communication with
+the chief strongholds and bulwarks of the fortress, and is separated
+from the interior buildings by a deep fosse which surrounds the rest of
+the castle. In an adjoining ground called the Flatts, is a large
+reservoir cut in swampy ground; water was collected and conveyed to the
+castle in pipes, to supply the garrison and cattle enclosed within the
+walls of the outer areas in times of public danger. This area is now a
+pasture for sheep, and other parts enclosed by the walls have been
+converted into orchards.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday in Easter and Whitsun Week,
+ St. James's Day, and July 25, for horses, cattle, and
+ sheep.--_Bankers_, W. Skinner and Co. draw on Barclay and
+ Co.--_Inns_, King's Head, and Rose and Crown.--_Mail_ arrives 6.40
+ morning; departs 2.40 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Guy Baliol.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
+ 36|Barnardiston pa|Suffolk |Clare 4|Haverhill 4|
+ 45|Barnbow to|W.R. York |Leeds 6|Tadcaster 9|
+ 45|Barnbrough[A] pa|W.R. York |Doncaster 7|Rotherham 8|
+ 36|Barnby pa|Suffolk |Beccles 4|Lowestoft 7|
+ 43|Barnby to|N.R. York |Whitby 5|Guisboro 16|
+ 30|Barnby-on-Moor to|Nottingham|East Retford 3|Bawtry 5|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+ 36|Barnardiston pa|Newmarket 12| 59| 206|
+ 45|Barnbow to|Abberford 4| 190| |
+ 45|Barnbrough[A] pa|Barnsley 10| 167| 520|
+ 36|Barnby pa|Bungay 11| 111| 303|
+ 43|Barnby to|Scarborough 23| 238| 224|
+ 30|Barnby-on-Moor to|Blyth 3| 148| 206|
+ +--+-----------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BARNBROUGH. The church is dedicated to Saint Peter, and contains a
+rude painting commemorative of "a serious contest that took place
+between a man and a wild cat." This conflict, which every body in
+Barnbrough firmly believes, is said to have occurred about the middle of
+the fifteenth century, between Percival Cresacre, lord of the manor, and
+a wild cat o' mountain. He is reported to have been attacked in one of
+the little woods in the neighbourhood, by this furious animal, and a
+running fight was kept up till they reached the church porch, where the
+mortal combat ended in the death of both. That some such circumstance
+did occur, is conjectured from the crest which the family afterwards
+adopted, viz. a cat o' mountain, which is still to be seen on the tower
+of the church; and the tradition is said to be further confirmed by the
+figure of an animal at the foot of the oak statue of this Cresacre, and
+also a rubiginous stone in the pavement of the porch of the church. We
+have many evidences in history that cats were beasts of chase,
+particularly in the charter of Ranulph Piperking, granted by Edward the
+Confessor:--
+
+ Hart and hind, doe and bock,
+ Fox and cat, hare and brock.
+
+and again,
+
+ Four greyhounds and six raches,
+ For hare and fox and wild cates.
+
+In the church is an ancient monument of Alicia Cresacre, wife of the
+above gentleman, who died in 1450, on which is carved in old text:--
+
+ Our bodys in stonys lye full still,
+ Our saulys in wandyr at Godys will.
+
+In the north chancel is the monument of Percival Cresacre, a richly
+decorated altar-tomb under a flat arch, at the crown of which is the
+family arms, viz. three lions rampant, purple, on a gold shield. The
+effigies of Cresacre is in fine preservation, composed of carved oak,
+and representing a knight in a suite of plate armour, with his arms
+painted on a shield, and an animal (supposed to be a lion) at his feet.
+His sword which hung from his belt has been taken away, and both
+monuments are decorated with the favorite device of the family, a rosary
+of beads.
+
+[Sidenote: Contest between the lord of the manor and a wild cat.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+----------+----------+----------+
+ 30|Barnby-in-Willows pa|Nottingham|Newark 4|Lincoln 16|
+ 37|Barnes pa|Surrey |Kingston 6|Chiswick 2|
+ 37|Barn-Elms[A] ham|Surrey | ... 6| ... 2|
+ +--+--------------------+----------+----------+----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+ 30|Barnby-in-Willows pa|Grantham 14| 124| 237|
+ 37|Barnes pa|Wandsworth 3| 5|1417|
+ 37|Barn-Elms[A] ham| ... 3| 5| |
+ +--+--------------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BARN-ELMS. On the adjoining common stood the house in which the
+members of the celebrated Kit Cat Club assembled. Their original place
+of meeting was in London, but Jacob Tonson, the bookseller, who was
+their secretary, caused it to be transferred to a house belonging to
+himself, at Barn-Elms, and built a handsome room for their
+accommodation. The portrait of each member was painted by Sir Godfrey
+Kneller, but the apartment not being sufficiently large to receive
+half-length pictures, a shorter canvas was adopted, and hence proceeded
+the technical term of Kit Cat size. We give a further account of this
+club from the graphic pen of Sir Richard Phillips, in his "Morning's
+Walk from London to Kew," 1817. "A lane in the north-west corner of the
+common brought me to Barn-Elms, where now resides a Mr. Hoare, a banker,
+of London. The family were from home, and I had some difficulty to gain
+admittance, the servants knowing nothing either of the club, or its
+former occupant. A walk covered with docks, thistles, nettles, and high
+grass, led from the remains of a gateway in the garden wall to the door
+which opened into the building. Ah! thought I, through this desolate
+avenue, the finest geniuses in England daily proceeded to meet their
+friends. Yet, within a century, how changed--how deserted--how
+revolting! A cold chill seized me as the man unfastened the decayed
+door, and I beheld the once elegant hall filled with cobwebs, a fallen
+ceiling, and accumulating rubbish. The door on the left led to a
+spacious, and once superb, staircase--now in ruins. The entire building,
+for want of ventilation, having become food for the fungus, called
+dry-rot, the timbers had lost its cohesive powers. I ascended the
+staircase, therefore, with a degree of danger to which my conductor
+would not expose himself, but was well requited for my pains. Here I
+found the Kit-Cat Club-room, nearly as it existed in the days of its
+glory. It is 18 feet high, and 40 feet long, by 20 wide. The mouldings
+and ornaments were in the most superb fashion of its age, but the whole
+was falling to pieces from the effects of the dry-rot. My attention was
+chiefly attracted by the faded cloth-hangings of the room, whose red
+colour once set off the famous portraits of the club that hung around
+it. Their marks and sizes were still visible, and their numbers and
+names remained, as written in chalk for the guidance of the hanger. Thus
+was I, as it were, brought into contact with Addison and Steele, and
+Congreve, and Garth, and Dryden, and with many hereditary nobles,
+remembered only because they were patrons of those natural nobles. I
+read their names aloud--I invoked their departed spirits--I was appalled
+by the echo of my own voice. The holes in the floor, the forest of
+cobwebs in the windows, and a swallow's nest in the corner of the
+ceiling, proclaimed that I was viewing a vision of the dreamers of a
+past age; that I saw realized before me the speaking vanities of the
+anxious career of man. On rejoining Mr. Hoare's servant in the hall
+below, he informed me that his master intended to pull the building
+down, and form of it a riding-house. I learn that this design has since
+been executed. The Kit-Cat pictures were painted early in the eighteenth
+century, and about the year 1710 were brought to this spot, but the room
+I have been describing was not built till ten or fifteen years
+afterwards. They were 42 in number, and are now in the possession of a
+Mr. Baker, of Hertingford-bury, where I lately saw them splendidly
+lodged, and in fine preservation. It may be proper to observe, that the
+house of Mr. Hoare was not the house of Mr. Tonson, and that Mr.
+Tonson's house stood nearer to the Kit-Cat club-rooms, having a few
+years since been taken down." A person died in this place, leaving in
+his will an annual sum, to be laid out in roses to be planted on his
+grave. The spot is distinguished by a stone tablet on the outside of the
+wall of the church, enclosed by pales, with some rose-trees planted on
+each side of it. This tablet is dedicated to the memory of Edward Rose,
+citizen of London, who died in 1653, and left L20. to the poor of
+Barnes, for the purchase of an acre of land, on condition that the pales
+should be kept up, and the rose-trees preserved.
+
+[Sidenote: Kit Cat Club house.]
+
+[Sidenote: As described by Sir Richard Phillips in 1817.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ 18|Barnet-Chipping[A] m.t.|Herts |St. Albans 10|Whetstone 2|
+ 18|Barnet, East pa|Herts |Enfield 5|Highgate 6|
+ 25|Barnet, Friern[B] pa|Middlesex|Finchley 2|Barnet 3|
+ 24|Barnetby-le-Wold pa|Lincoln |Glanford-Br 6|Caistor 7|
+ 27|Barney pa|Norfolk |Fakenham 6|Walsingham 5|
+ 36|Barnham vil|Suffolk |Thetford 3|Ixworth 7|
+ 38|Barnham pa|Sussex |Arundel 5|Chichester 7|
+ 27|Barnham-Broom pa|Norfolk |Wymondham 5|Norwich 9|
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-----+------+
+ 18|Barnet-Chipping[A] m.t.|Hatfield 9| 11| 2369|
+ 18|Barnet, East pa|Barnet 3| 10| 547|
+ 25|Barnet, Friern[B] pa|Hornsey 4| 9| 543|
+ 24|Barnetby-le-Wold pa|Barton 10| 162| 532|
+ 27|Barney pa|Holt 7| 115| 263|
+ 36|Barnham vil|Bury 10| 81| 384|
+ 38|Barnham pa|Bognor 3| 60| 148|
+ 27|Barnham-Broom pa|Hingham 6| 105| 463|
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BARNET. This small busy town occupies an elevated situation on the
+high north road; and near this place was fought, in the year 1471, the
+famous battle between the houses of York and Lancaster, which terminated
+in the death of the Earl of Warwick, and established King Edward the
+Fourth upon the throne. An obelisk was erected by Sir Jeremy Sambrook,
+in memory of the battle in the year 1740. In the church is an altar
+monument in commemoration of Thomas Ravensworth, Esquire, whose effigy,
+in a recumbent position, is represented on the tomb in veined marble. He
+died in 1630. Several others of his family are also buried here; and
+among these, James, his eldest son, who erected and endowed an
+alms-house, or hospital in Barnet, "for six poor ancient women, being
+widows or maidens, inhabitants of the town; and neither common beggars,
+common drunkards, back-biters, tale-bearers, common scolds, thieves or
+other like persons of infamous life, or evil name or repute; or
+vehemently suspected of sorcerie, witchcraft, or charming, or guilty of
+perjury: nor any ideot or lunatic are admitted." The annual value of the
+original endowment is now about L45.; besides which, the trustees have a
+further income of L30. annually, arising from other sources. Another
+alms-house for six poor widows, was built and endowed about the year
+1723, under the will of John Garrett, Gent., who bequeathed L800. for
+that purpose. Near the race ground, on Barnet Common, is a mineral
+spring, of a mild purgative nature, that was discovered about the middle
+of the 17th century, and was formerly in much repute. A few years ago a
+subscription was made for arching it over and erecting a pump. The town
+is at present governed by a presiding magistrate, a high constable and
+subordinate officers. The inhabitants of this township enjoy a very
+extensive common right over the adjoining wastes and chace. Between
+Barnet and South Mims, an extensive improvement has been effected in the
+road, which was a series of angular turnings and unnecessary hills, to
+an extent which renders it surprising how such glaring imperfections
+were suffered to exist, when a sufficiently direct line could be
+obtained.
+
+ _Market_, Monday. _Fairs_ April 8, 9, 10, linen drapery, mercery,
+ toys, &c. The harvest fair or Welsh fair, September 4, 5, Welsh
+ cattle and horses; Sept. 6, mercery, &c. and sometimes a few horses,
+ pigs, &c. The Leeds Mail arrives 9.11 evening, departs 7.48 evening.
+ The Glasgow mail arrives 9.20 evening; departs 4.18 morning. _Inns_,
+ Duke of Wellington, Green Man, and Red Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle between the houses of York and Lancaster.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mineral spring.]
+
+
+[B] BARNET, (Friern). John Walker, the author of a celebrated
+dictionary, was a native of this place, and was born in the year 1732.
+About the year 1767, he joined with a Mr. Usher in setting up a school
+at Kensington; this speculation not succeeding he removed to London,
+where he gave lectures on elocution. It is said that in his early youth
+he studied the art, intending to make the stage his profession, although
+his very questionable success induced him to adopt another pursuit. Mr.
+Walker was an amiable as well as a learned man; he was the author of
+several elementary works: such as "The Rhetorical Grammar," "Elements of
+Elocution," "Key to the correct pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and
+Scriptural names," and a "Rhyming Dictionary." He died at his house in
+Tottenham Court Road, August 1, 1807. This parish includes the hamlet of
+Colney Hatch, half of Whetstone, and a part of Finchley Common.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of Walker, author of the pronouncing dictionary.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------+
+ 7|Barnhill ham|Chester |Chester 10|Tarporley 8|
+ 36|Barningham pa|Suffolk |Ixworth 5|Botesdale 7|
+ 44|Barningham pa & to|N.R. York |Greta Bridge 2|Richmond 10|
+ 27|Barningham, Little pa|Norfolk |Aylsham 6|Holt 6|
+ 27|Barningham pa|Norfolk | 8| 5|
+ 27|Barningham Winter pa|Norfolk | 6| 7|
+ 24|Barnoldby-le-Beck pa|Lincoln |Grimsby 6|Caistor 8|
+ 45|Barnoldswick pa & to|W.R. York |Colne 5|Skipton 6|
+ 7|Barnsham to|Chester |Knutsford 6|Middlewich 7|
+ 15|Barnsley pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 4|Burford 13|
+ 45|Barnsley[A] m.t. & to|W.R. York |York 39|Rotherham 13|
+ 11|Barnstaple[B] bo.& mt|Devon |Exeter 38|S. Molton 12|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+------+
+ 7|Barnhill ham|Malpas 4| 172| |
+ 36|Barningham pa|Thetford 9| 82| 514|
+ 44|Barningham pa & to|Barnard Cas. 5| 238| 550|
+ 27|Barningham, Little pa|Cromer 8| 119| 227|
+ 27|Barningham pa| 5| 121| 42|
+ 27|Barningham Winter pa| 8| 120| 114|
+ 24|Barnoldby-le-Beck pa|Louth 16| 165| 232|
+ 45|Barnoldswick pa & to|Clitheroe 10| 223| 2724|
+ 7|Barnsham to|Congleton 8| 170| |
+ 15|Barnsley pa|Fairford 6| 86| 318|
+ 45|Barnsley[A] m.t. & to|Hudderfield 17| 172| 10330|
+ 11|Barnstaple[B] bo.& mt|Ilfracomb 10| 193| 6840|
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BARNSLEY. This large market town is built chiefly of stone, but
+being surrounded by coal pits and iron works, the smoke from which
+obscures the air, it is generally known by the name of Black Barnsley.
+The black glass bottles made here are of excellent quality, and the
+manufacture of linen is carried on to a great extent. Here also is made
+the best wire in the kingdom for needles. The town is seated on the side
+of a hill; the trade and population have considerably increased since
+the completion of the navigable canal, by means of which communications
+are opened with Wakefield, and all parts of the kingdom. The land in the
+vicinity of this town is highly distinguished for its fertility; the
+manor is possessed by the Duke of Leeds.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday before Feb. 28, horned
+ cattle and swine; May 12, ditto; October 10, ditto, horses, and
+ cheese.--_Mail_ arrives 2.55 afternoon; departs 11.31
+ night.--_Bankers_, Becket and Co., draw on Glyn and Co.--_Inns_,
+ King's Head, and White Bear.
+
+[Sidenote: The trade.]
+
+
+[B] BARNSTAPLE is said to derive its name from Bar, which in the ancient
+British signified the mouth of a river; and the Saxon word Staple, a
+mart. It is situated in the hundred of Braunton, and returns two members
+to parliament. The town appears to have been incorporated by Henry I.,
+yet it retains some traces of feudal jurisdiction; a number of common
+burgesses claiming a right to vote with the corporate officers for
+members of parliament. The L10. householders are about 607; the
+returning officer is the mayor, who with two bailiffs, two aldermen,
+twenty-two common councilmen, and other officers form the corporation.
+Barnstaple is one of the neatest and most respectable towns in the
+county; it lies on the eastern bank of the river Taw, in a broad and
+fertile vale, bounded by a semi-circular range of hills. The Taw here
+spreads to a considerable breadth, but from the great accumulation of
+sand, the port is shallow, and vessels of more than 200 tons are not
+able to enter. Over the river is a bridge of sixteen arches, which is
+said to have been built by one of the Tracys, at the time that family
+were lords of the manor. The streets are spacious and regular, and the
+buildings generally good. The town, indeed, boasts some of the marks of
+a metropolis; there are balls every fortnight, and a regular theatre,
+and nothing but a good pavement is wanted to make it highly agreeable. A
+noble quay extends some way along the river, terminated by a handsome
+piazza, over the centre of which stands the statue of Queen Anne, with
+an inscription, testifying to the loyalty of Robert Rolle, of
+Stevenstone, in this county, the erector. The woollen trade formerly
+carried on here with considerable spirit, greatly increased the wealth
+of the town, and enabled its inhabitants to erect a number of very
+respectable houses: this trade has of late failed, but the manufacture
+of baize, silk stockings and waistcoat pieces, still gives life to the
+place. Besides this source of wealth and population, the beauty of the
+surrounding country, and the cheapness of provisions, have induced many
+respectable families to reside here entirely; a circumstance which
+renders Barnstaple the most genteel town in the north of Devon. Here is
+a celebrated Grammar School, which has been founded about three
+centuries, and is famous for having educated a number of distinguished
+men; among whom were John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury: his Theological
+antagonist, Thomas Harding, Professor at Louvain: the poet Gay, and the
+learned Dr. Musgrave. Bishop Jewel was a learned divine, who lived in
+the reigns of the last sovereigns of the house of Tudor, and was born
+near Ilfracombe, in 1522. Having acquired the rudiments of his learning
+in this school, he was removed to Merton College, Oxford. He was a most
+zealous and able champion of the Christian faith; and was indefatigable
+in the pursuit of knowledge, even at the expense of his health, which
+was materially injured by the closeness of his application. About the
+year 1551, he obtained the rectory of Sunningwell, in Berkshire, where
+he was much beloved for his zeal and assiduity as a parish priest. When
+Queen Mary succeeded her brother Edward, Jewel was deprived of an office
+he held in the university; and, notwithstanding he subscribed to a
+confession of faith drawn up by the Catholics, yet suspicions were
+entertained of his sincerity, and fearing he should be prosecuted as an
+heretic, he withdrew from Oxford, and made his escape to the continent.
+On the death of Queen Mary, Jewel returned to England, and was received
+very favorably by Queen Elizabeth, who raised him to the bishoprick of
+Salisbury, in the year 1560. From this time until the day of his death,
+he was principally engaged in his pastoral duties, and in the defence
+and support of the Protestant faith. He died September 1571. The
+admirable moralist and poet, Gay, was also educated in this school; he
+was the composer of "The Beggar's Opera," the notion of which appears to
+have been afforded by Swift. The purpose of this singular performance,
+was to bring into ridicule the Italian Opera, and it is not easy to
+define the mixture of pathos and ridicule which distinguishes this
+remarkable production. His celebrated "Fables," written for the
+instruction of the Duke of Cumberland, have been the means of
+unqualified delight to millions. His first poem, entitled "Rural
+Sports," and dedicated to Mr. Pope, gained him the friendship of that
+poet. The year following he was appointed Secretary to the Duchess of
+Monmouth: at this time he printed his "Trivia," in the composition of
+which he was assisted by Swift. He died of an inflammation of the
+bowels, in 1732, (sincerely lamented by all who knew him,) and was
+buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument exhibits an epitaph by
+Pope, which is written with tasteful tenderness.
+
+ _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, September 19; Friday before April 21;
+ second Friday in December, for cattle. These are considerable fairs,
+ but are called great markets, as there is no charter to hold fairs on
+ those days.--_Mail_ arrives 7.0 morning; departs 5.0
+ afternoon.--_Bankers_, Pyke, Law and Co.; draw on Barclay and Co.;
+ Drake and Co. draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Fortescue Arms; Golden
+ Lion; Kings Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Incorporated by Henry I.]
+
+[Sidenote: Amusements, &c.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent men educated here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gay, the Poet, born here.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+ 7|Barnston to|Chester |Park Gate 4|Liverpool 5|
+ 14|Barnston pa|Essex | Dunmow 2|Braintree 8|
+ 7|Barnton to|Chester |Northwich 2|Knutsford 8|
+ 28|Barnwell-All-Sts.[A] pa|Northamp|Oundle 3|Thrapston 5|
+ +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-------------+------+-----+-----+
+ 7|Barnston to|Chester 14| 198| 112|
+ 14|Barnston pa|Chelmsford 10| 38| 215|
+ 7|Barnton to|Warrington 9| 175| 730|
+ 28|Barnwell-All-Sts.[A] pa|Stamford 18| 78| 126|
+ +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BARNWELL derives its name from some wells, which in the age of
+superstition, were widely famed for the miraculous cures they performed
+in diseases of children. Sacred veneration was at length paid them, and
+pilgrims from distant parts resorted hither to adore the spirit which
+infused such wonderful virtues into the waters. A castle was erected
+here in the reign of Henry I., by Reginald le Moine, and became
+afterwards the baronial residence of the family of the Montagues. The
+remains of this once magnificent structure consist of four circular
+massy bastion towers, each forming an angle of a quadrangular court,
+inclosed by walls three feet thick; the grand gateway on the south side
+is flanked by similar towers. The whole forms a fine and curious ruin,
+and is a rare specimen of the early Norman castellated form of
+building.
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 28|Barnwell, St. And pa|Northamp |Oundle 2|Thrapston 6|
+ 15|Barnwood pa|Gloucester|Gloucester 2|Cheltenham 8|
+ 35|Barr, Great[A] pa|Stafford |Walsall 4|Wednesbury 4|
+ 35|Barr, Perry ham|Stafford | 5|Birmingham 5|
+ 29|Barrasford to|Northumb. |Hexham 7|Bellingham 10|
+ 6|Barrington pa|Cambridge |Cambridge 6|Caxton 8|
+ 34|Barrington pa|Somerset |Ilminster 4|Ilchester 10|
+ 4|Barrington, Great[B] pa|Berks&Glos|Burford 4|Northleach 7|
+ 15|Barrington, Little pa|Gloucester|Burford 4|Stow 8|
+ 10|Barrow pa|Derby |Derby 6|Kegworth 12|
+ 15|Barrow to|Gloucester|Cheltenham 4|Tewkesbury 5|
+ 29|Barrow to|Northumb. |Allenton 5|Wooler 16|
+ 32|Barrow chap|Rutland |Oakham 5|Stamford 12|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
+ 28|Barnwell, St. And pa|Stamford 17| 79| 284|
+ 15|Barnwood pa|Painswick 6| 104| 419|
+ 35|Barr, Great[A] pa|Birmingham 5| 114| 779|
+ 35|Barr, Perry ham|Sutton 3| 114| 777|
+ 29|Barrasford to|Corbridge 9| 284| 232|
+ 6|Barrington pa|Royston 8| 46| 485|
+ 34|Barrington pa|Crewkherne 8| 134| 468|
+ 4|Barrington, Great[B] pa|Stow 8| 76| 532|
+ 15|Barrington, Little pa|Northleach 7| 76| 162|
+ 10|Barrow pa|Burton 10| 125| 584|
+ 15|Barrow to|Gloucester 7| 98| 238|
+ 29|Barrow to|Bellingham 18| 314| 14|
+ 32|Barrow chap|Cottesmore 2| 101| 144|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] GREAT BARR is an agreeable village, which has long been the property
+of the Scott family, who have here one of the finest mansions in the
+county. This seat stands in a beautiful valley, affording the most
+delightful prospects of hill and dale, varied by wood and water. Shady
+walks and rustic seats furnish the most attractive conveniences for the
+promenade. One object in particular fixes the attention; it is an urn
+near the flower garden, to the memory of Miss Mary Dolman, the cousin of
+Shenstone, whose elegant pen supplied a beautiful tribute in Latin. The
+summit of Barr Beacon, which is 653 feet in height, was the spot from
+whence the Druids gave notice, by watch-fires, of their periodical
+sacrifices; and it was used both by the Saxons and the Danes, as a
+beacon to alarm the country in times of danger. The chapel of the
+village is of remarkable beauty; its eastern window contains a painting
+on glass by Mr. Eginton, who has improved upon the design of the Rev.
+Mr. Peter's "Spirit of a Child."
+
+[Sidenote: Barr Beacon, 653 feet high.]
+
+
+[B] GREAT BARRINGTON is a parish containing about 1000 acres, including
+some portion of Oxfordshire within its limits, as well as a small tract
+belonging to Berkshire. Previous to the conquest, the manor was held by
+Earl Harold; the present owner is Lord Dynevor, Lord Lieut. and Cust.
+Rot. of Carmarthen. Barrington church appears to have been erected about
+the time of Henry VII. Beneath one of the windows of the aisle are the
+monument and effigies of Captain Edward Bray, grandfather of Sir Giles
+Bray, lord of the manor, who is represented in armour, with a ruff round
+his neck and a sword girt on the "right" side. This peculiarity
+originated from the captain having killed a man at Tilbury camp; and, in
+token of his sorrow, he determined never more to use his right hand.
+Lord Chancellor Talbot was buried in this church; he was the son of
+William Talbot, Bishop of Durham, and was born in the year 1684. After
+being elected a fellow of All Soul's College, Oxford, he married, and
+consequently was compelled to give up his fellowship. When he left the
+university, he was admitted a member of the society of Lincoln's Inn,
+and was speedily called to the bar. He was chosen to represent the now
+disfranchised borough of Tregony, in Cornwall, and afterwards was made
+member for the city of Durham. He died in the enjoyment of the highest
+character, after a short illness, on the 14th of February, 1737. Few
+Chancellors have been more lamented, both in public and private life.
+Lord Talbot acquired universal esteem. The Hall was built by him in the
+year 1734, soon after which it was destroyed by fire. The grounds
+furnish a good specimen of the "ferme ornee," (ornamental farm) and the
+park, about three miles in circumference, is well planted with a variety
+of beautiful trees.
+
+[Sidenote: Capt. Edward Bray.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+ 33|Barrow pa|Salop |M. Wenlock 4|Bridgenorth 6|
+ 36|Barrow pa|Suffolk |Bury 6|Newmarket 9|
+ 34|Barrow-Gourney pa|Somerset |Bristol 5|Axbridge 12|
+ 7|Barrow, Great pa & to|Chester |Chester 6|Northwich 13|
+ 24|Barrow-on-Humber pa|Lincoln |Barton 3|Grimsby 17|
+ 34|Barrow, North pa|Somerset |Castle Carey 3|Ilchester 8|
+ 34|Barrow, South pa|Somerset |... 4|... 7|
+ 23|Barrow-on-Soar[A] pa & to|Leicester|Mount Sorrel 2|Loughboro' 3|
+ 24|Barrowby pa|Lincoln |Grantham 2|Newark 12|
+ 32|Barrowden pa|Rutland |Uppingham 6|Stamford 8|
+ 22|Barrowford to|Lancaster|Colne 2|Clitheroe 5|
+ 54|Barry pa|Glamorgan|Cardiff 9|Cowbridge 7|
+ 54|Barry Isle[B] Isle|Glamorgan|... 9|... 8|
+ +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 33|Barrow pa|Broseley 2| 146| 351|
+ 36|Barrow pa|Mildenhall 9| 69| 856|
+ 34|Barrow-Gourney pa|Pensford 7| 120| 279|
+ 7|Barrow, Great pa & to|Tarporley 5| 183| 436|
+ 24|Barrow-on-Humber pa|Brigg 11| 167| 1334|
+ 34|Barrow, North pa|Wincanton 8| 116| 150|
+ 34|Barrow, South pa| ... 9| 117| 139|
+ 23|Barrow-on-Soar[A] pa & to|Leicester 9| 107| 6254|
+ 24|Barrowby pa|Colterswor 10| 112| 687|
+ 32|Barrowden pa|Oakham 8| 92| 485|
+ 22|Barrowford to|Burnley 6| 216| 2633|
+ 54|Barry pa|Llandaff 9| 169| 72|
+ 54|Barry Isle[B] Isle| ... 9| 169| ...|
+ +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+
+[A] BARROW. This large and pleasant village appears to have taken its
+name from an ancient tumulus. It is occupied principally by gentlemen
+farmers, many of whom, however, derive great profit from the quantities
+of lime which they get up and burn. This village having been for many
+centuries celebrated for a hard blue stone, similar to that in the vale
+of Belvoir, and when calcined, produces a very fine matter, from which
+is prepared a particularly hard, firm, and greatly esteemed cement.
+Various fossil remains are found amongst the limestone. One of the
+petrifactions, still preserved at Cambridge, with Dr. Woodward's
+fossils, is a plain and bold representation of a flat-fish, about twelve
+inches long. Mr. Jones, in his "Philosophical Disquisitions," notices it
+by saying, that "our country hath lately afforded what I apprehend to be
+the greatest curiosity of the sort that ever appeared. It is the entire
+figure of a bream, more than a foot in length, and of a proportionable
+depth, with the scales, fins, and gills, fairly projecting from the
+surface, like a sculpture in relievo, and with all the lineaments, even
+to the most minute fibres of the tail, so complete, that the like was
+never seen before." Dr. William Beveridge, one of the most learned
+prelates of the English church, was born here in the year 1638. At St.
+John's College, Cambridge, he applied himself with intense application
+to the study of oriental literature. He reviewed the Hebrew, Chaldee,
+Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan tongues, and produced a Syriac grammar. He
+was raised to the see of St. Asaph, in the year 1704, but he enjoyed his
+new dignity for a short period,--his death took place in the year 1708.
+In his divinity he was Calvinistic; from the simplicity and piety of his
+character, he was beloved by all parties. He lies buried in St. Paul's
+Cathedral.
+
+[Sidenote: Superior lime quarries.]
+
+[Sidenote: The pious Beveridge born here.]
+
+
+[B] BARRY ISLAND, the name of which has been thought to have been
+derived from St. Baroche, a hermit, who, according to Cressy, died here
+in the year 700. This island, which lets for about L80. a year, is
+estimated to contain about 300 acres. In Leland's time there was, in the
+middle of it, a "fair little chapel used," but there was no dwelling.
+Since that period, however, a house has been erected for the residence
+of a farmer, which, in the summer, is converted into a boarding-house,
+for the reception of sea-bathers. The family of Giraldus de Barri, are
+said to have taken their title from this island, of which they were once
+lords. "It is remarkable," observes Giraldus, "that in a rock near the
+entrance of the island, there is a small cavity, to which, if the ear is
+applied, a noise is heard like that of smiths at work--the blowing of
+bellows, strokes of hammers, grinding of tools, and roaring of furnaces;
+and it might easily have been imagined, that such noises which are
+continued at the ebb and flow of the tides, were occasioned by the
+influx of the sea under the cavities of the rocks." Sir Richard Hoare,
+in his additions to Giraldus, observes as follows:--"Towards the
+southern part of the island, on a spot called Nell's Point, is a fine
+well, to which great numbers of women resort on Holy Thursday, and,
+having washed their eyes at the spring, each drops a pin into it. The
+landlord of the boarding-house told me, that on clearing out the well he
+took out a pint full of these votive offerings." On the main land,
+opposite the western extremity of the island, lies the village of Barry,
+near which are some remains of the castle. A few miles north-westward
+from Barry are the remains of Penmark castle, anciently the property of
+Sir Gilbert Humphreville, one of the followers of Fitzhamon. Llancarvan,
+in this vicinity, was once the seat of a religious house, said to have
+been founded by Cadoc the Wise, in the 6th century. Llancarvan is also
+distinguished as the birth-place of Caradoc, the Welsh annalist, who
+compiled a history of the Principality, from the abdication of
+Cadwaladyr, 686, to his own time. Tref Walter, or Walterston, in this
+parish, was the residence of Walter de Mapes, a writer of some note
+towards the middle of the 12th century. He was Archdeacon of Oxford, and
+Chaplain to Henry I. He built the church of Llancarvan, a large
+substantial edifice, and the village of Walterston, with a mansion for
+himself. His literary labours comprise a translation of the British
+Chronicle into Latin, and a Welsh version of Geoffrey of Monmouth's
+fabulous paraphrase of the same work. He wrote also a Treatise on
+Agriculture in the Welsh language.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable noises heard here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious custom.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ 36|Barsham pa|Suffolk |Beccles 3|Bungay 5|
+ 27|Barsham, (East) pa|Norfolk |Fakenham 3|Walsingham 3|
+ 27|Barsham, (North) pa|Norfolk |Walsingham 2|Wells 6|
+ 27|Barsham, (West) pa|Norfolk |Fakenham 3|Walsingham 3|
+ 39|Barston pa|Warwick |Warwick 12|Coventry 9|
+ 17|Bartestree chap|Hereford |Hereford 5|Bromyard 14|
+ 7|Bartherton to|Chester |Nantwich 2|Whitchurch 10|
+ 21|Bartholomew lib.|Kent |Canterbury 13|Deal 7|
+ 7|Barthomley[A] pa & to|Chester |Sandbach 7|Newcastle 7|
+ 7|Bartington to|Chester |Northwick 4|Warrington 8|
+ 6|Bartlow[B] pa|Cambridge|Linton 2|Haverhill 6|
+ 14|Bartlow End ham|Essex | 3| 6|
+ 4|Barton ham|Berks |Oxford 6|E. Illsley 9|
+ 6|Barton pa|Cambridge|Cambridge 4|Caxton 8|
+ 7|Barton to|Chester |Chester 10|Malpas 7|
+ +--+---------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 36|Barsham pa|Halesworth 9| 109| 182|
+ 27|Barsham, (East) pa|Burnham M. 10| 102| 219|
+ 27|Barsham, (North) pa|Fakenham 4| 113| 84|
+ 27|Barsham, (West) pa|Creek 4| 112| 101|
+ 39|Barston pa|Birmingham 13| 100| 342|
+ 17|Bartestree chap|Ledbury 12| 132| 50|
+ 7|Bartherton to|Audlem 4| 163| 34|
+ 21|Bartholomew lib.|Ramsgate 6| 68| 61|
+ 7|Barthomley[A] pa & to|Nantwich 11| 157| 449|
+ 7|Bartington to|Knutsford 7| 177| 76|
+ 6|Bartlow[B] pa|Saff. Walden 6| 48| 106|
+ 14|Bartlow End ham| 5| 47| 205|
+ 4|Barton ham|Dorchester 7| 56| 14|
+ 6|Barton pa|Royston 12| 49| 273|
+ 7|Barton to|Tarporley 12| 175| 168|
+ +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTHOMLEY contains several townships. The nave of the church has a
+richly carved wooden roof, dated 1589. On the 22d of December, 1643, a
+troop of Lord Byron's passing through the village, made an attack upon
+this venerable edifice, into which several of the inhabitants had gone
+for safety; they soon got possession of it, and having set fire to the
+forms, rushes, and mats, made such a smoke that the men who had
+retreated into the steeple were obliged to call for quarter, but their
+assailants having got them into their power, are said to have stripped
+them all, and most cruelly murdered twelve of them in cold blood, three
+only being suffered to escape. A free school was founded here, in the
+year 1676, by the Rev. Mr. Steele, in which ten children are educated.
+In the year 1787, Mrs. Mary, Mrs. Margaret, and Mrs. Judith Alsager,
+ladies of the manor, obtained an Act of Parliament to enable them to
+finish a new church, or chapel, to be called Christ's Church, or Chapel,
+in that township. The same ladies built a school-house, and founded a
+school there, for the education of children of both sexes.
+
+[Sidenote: Cruel murder.]
+
+
+[B] BARTLOW. Near this place, are four contiguous barrows, known by the
+name of Bartlow Hills, from their situation with respect to Bartlow
+Church. These are vulgarly, though erroneously, regarded as the tumuli
+raised over the slain in the battle fought between Edmund Ironside and
+the Danish King, Canute, in the year 1016. It is evident, indeed, from
+our account of Ashington, at page 50, that the place of action should be
+sought for, rather in the vicinity of the sea than at the northern
+extremity of the county. Camden states, that these stone coffins, with
+broken human bones in them, were found in one of these barrows; and
+Hollingshead affirms, that two bodies were found in one stone coffin.
+Mr. Gough remarks, that we do not find the use of stone coffins amongst
+the northern nations in their Pagan state; and the Danes were not
+converted until long after the time of Canute. The origin of these
+barrows, therefore, cannot now be traced.
+
+ Map|Names of Places. |County. |Number of Miles from |
+ +--+----------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 17|Barton to|Hereford |Kington 1|Presteign 5|
+ 30|Barton pa|Nottingham|Nottingham 6|Rempstone 7|
+ 40|Barton, (High),[A] pa & to|Westmorlnd|Appleby 3|Orton 6|
+ 23|Barton ham|Leicester |M. Bosworth 2|Leicester 14|
+ 27|Barton Bendish pa|Norfolk |Stoke Ferry 4|Swaffham 8|
+ 10|Barton-le-Blount pa|Derby |Derby 10|Ashborne 9|
+ 3|Barton in the Clay pa|Bedford |Silsoe 3|Luton 7|
+ 44|Barton, St. Cuthbert pa & to|N.R. York |Darlington 5|Richmond 7|
+ 34|Barton, St. David's, pa|Somerset |Somerton 4|Glastonbury 7|
+ 36|Barton, (Great) pa|Suffolk |Bury 3|Ixworth 4|
+ 5|Barton Hartshorne pa|Buckingham|Buckingham 4|Bicester 8|
+ 39|Barton on the heath[B] pa|Warwick |Shipston 6|L. Compton 2|
+ +--+----------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|Popul
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles from |Lond.|-ation.
+ +--+----------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 17|Barton to|Hereford 21| 156| ...|
+ 30|Barton pa|Derby 13| 121| 379|
+ 40|Barton, (High),[A] pa & to|Brough 11| 272| 1537|
+ 23|Barton ham|Ashby 10| 108| 163|
+ 27|Barton Bendish pa|Downham 8| 92| 459|
+ 10|Barton-le-Blount pa|Uttoxeter 8| 136| 60|
+ 3|Barton in the Clay pa|Ampthill 4| 38| 720|
+ 44|Barton, St. Cuthbert pa & to|Barnard Cas 14| 238| 499|
+ 34|Barton, St. David's pa|Castle Cary 7| 120| 410|
+ 36|Barton, (Great) pa|Thetford 13| 74| 702|
+ 5|Barton Hartshorne pa|Brackley 6| 59| 145|
+ 39|Barton on the heath[B] pa|Chip. Norton 7| 79| 208|
+ +--+----------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTON. Stockbridge Hall, an ancient edifice, was the seat of the
+Lancasters, whose arms are yet seen on the ceiling of the dining-room,
+and who continued here through twelve generations, when their estates
+fell to the Lowthers. The church, which is a low and extensive building,
+with a heavy tower between the chancel and the nave, contains the tomb
+of one of the Lancasters; some escutcheons of several families in the
+neighbourhood, and a brass plate, on which is this remarkable epitaph:--
+
+ "Under this stone, reader, interred doth lie,
+ Beauty and virtue's true epitomy.
+ At her appearance the noone sun
+ Blushed and shrunk in, 'cause quite undone.
+ In her concentered did all graces dwell;
+ God plucked my rose that he might take a smell.
+ I'll say no more, but weeping, wish I may,
+ Soone with thy dear chaste ashes come to lay."
+
+The lady thus extravagantly eulogised, was Frances, the wife of
+Launcelot Dawes; she died in 1673. Barton school was founded in 1641, by
+four priests, natives of this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable epitaph.]
+
+
+[B] BARTON. Near this village is a large stone, called Four-shire stone,
+from its forming the point of junction of the four counties of
+Gloucester, Worcester, Warwick, and Oxford. Here once resided an
+attorney of so pacific a disposition that he usually acted as mediator
+when disputes arose. This anomalous person, named Dover, instituted the
+annual festivities termed Cotswold Games, and was for forty years their
+chief supporter. These diversions were celebrated upon the Cotswold
+Hills, in Gloucestershire, and prodigious multitudes are said to have
+resorted to them. They consisted of wrestling, cudgel-playing, leaping,
+pitching the bar, throwing the sledge, tossing the pike, with various
+other feats of strength and activity. A castle of boards was erected on
+this occasion, from which guns were frequently discharged. Dover
+received permission from James I. to hold these sports, and he appeared
+at their celebration in the very clothes which that monarch had formerly
+worn; but it is said there was much more dignity in his form and aspect.
+John Heywood, the epigramatist, speaking of these games, says--
+
+ "He fometh like a bore, the beaste should seem bold,
+ For he is as fierce as a lyon of Cotsolde."
+
+[Sidenote: Cotswold games.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+
+ 24|Barton[A] m.t.|Lincoln |Hull 7|Brigg 11|
+ 22|Barton on Irwell to|Lancaster |Manchester 6|Newton 14|
+ 36|Barton, Little pa|Suffolk |Mildenhall 1|Newmarket 9|
+ 44|Barton, St. Mary, chap|N.R. York |Darlington 5|Richmond 7|
+ 35|Barton chap|Stafford |Burton on Tr. 5|Lichfield 9|
+ 28|Barton Segrave pa|Northamp. |Kettering 2|Thrapston 8|
+ 16|Barton Stacey pa|Hants. |Whitchurch 6|Andover 6|
+ 31|Barton Steeple[B] pa|Oxford |Deddington 5|Woodstock 7|
+ 15|Barton Street ham|Gloucester |Gloucester 1|Cheltenham 9|
+ 43|Barton in Street pa|N.R. York |New Malton 5|Pickering 5|
+ 27|Barton Turf pa|Norfolk |Coltishall 5|Worstead 4|
+ 31|Barton Westcott pa|Oxford |Enstone 4|Woodstock 7|
+ 43|Barton in the Willows, t|N.R. York |York 10|New Malton 8|
+ 45|Barugh to|W.R. York |Barnsley 3|Wakefield 9|
+ 43|Barugh, Gt. & Little pa|N.R. York |Pickering 3|New Malton 5|
+ 23|Barwell pa|Leicester |Hinckley 2|M. Bosworth 7|
+ 14|Barwick pa|Essex |Chipp. Ongar 6|Dunmow 8|
+ 34|Barwick pa|Somerset |Yeovil 2|Sherborne 6|
+ 41|Barwick Basset pa|Wilts |Calne 7|Swindon 8|
+ +--+-----------------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|Popul
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|-ation.
+ +--+------------------------+---------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 24|Barton[A] m.t.|Lincoln 34| 167| 3231|
+ 22|Barton on Irwell to|Warrington 14| 185| 8976|
+ 36|Barton, Little pa|Bury 12| 70| 591|
+ 44|Barton, St. Mary, chap|Barnard Cas. 14| 238| ...|
+ 35|Barton chap|Abbotts Brom 8| 130| 1344|
+ 28|Barton Segrave pa|Wellingboro 8| 75| 203|
+ 16|Barton Stacey pa|Winchester 9| 62| 626|
+ 31|Barton Steeple[B] pa|Charlbury 9| 63| 606|
+ 15|Barton Street ham||Ross 17| 103| 786|
+ 43|Barton in Street pa|Helmsley 10| 222| 436|
+ 27|Barton Turf pa|Norwich 13| 121| 391|
+ 31|Barton Westcott pa|Deddington 5| 64| 258|
+ 43|Barton in the Willows, t|Sutton 10| 206| 202|
+ 45|Barugh to|Huddersfield 14| 175| 946|
+ 43|Barugh, Gt. & Little pa|Scarborough 18| 223| 294|
+ 23|Barwell pa|Leicester 11| 101| 1505|
+ 14|Barwick pa|Chelmsford 10| 27| 97|
+ 34|Barwick pa|Crewkherne 8| 123| 415|
+ 41|Barwick Basset pa|Marlborough 8| 83| 164|
+ +--+-----------------------+------------+---------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTON. This ancient town is pleasantly situated about
+three-quarters of a mile from the southern bank of the Humber. It was
+formerly surrounded by a rampart and fossee, the remains of which are
+still discernable. It was doubtless a place of great strength before the
+conquest, and served as a barrier against the irruptions of the Saxons
+and Danes. At the period of the conquest it was a principal port of the
+Humber, and until the rise of Kingston-upon-Hull it enjoyed an extensive
+commerce. At present its derives its principal consequence from being
+the point whence the communication with the Lincoln road is continued
+across the Humber to Hull, a distance of about six miles and a half.
+
+ _Market_, Monday.--_Fair_, Trinity Thursday, for cattle.--_Mail_
+ arrives 3.0 afternoon; departs 11.15 morning--_Inn_, The Waterside
+ Inn.
+
+[Sidenote: Once a place of importance.]
+
+
+[B] STEEPLE BARTON. In this parish is situated Rowsham, which was, for
+several centuries, the seat of the Dormers, and it continued in their
+possession until the decease of General Dormer, in the year 1750. That
+gentleman bequeathed the mansion and estates to his cousin, Sir Clement
+Cottrell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies to George II., who annexed
+the name of Dormer to his own, and in whose family the property has
+since remained. The situation is extremely fine, and the grounds, which
+were laid out by Kent, during the life-time of General Dormer, afford a
+variety of picturesque and pleasant views. The mansion was built in the
+reign of Queen Elizabeth, but a few alterations were made at subsequent
+periods. The walls are embattled, and the doors are singularly enough
+perforated with holes (with slides to cover) so as to admit muskets
+being pointed through them. There is a large hall, and valuable library,
+containing many old and rare authors. A very excellent collection of
+paintings, (about 180 in number), and of busts and other figures in
+bronze, (amounting to fifty-five), has also been formed here. Horace
+Walpole, in one of his eloquent letters to George Montague, has thus
+spoken of this place:--"But the greatest pleasure we had, was in seeing
+Sir Charles Cotterell's, at Rowsham: it reinstated Kent with me; he has
+no where shewn so much taste. The house is old, and was bad; he has
+improved it--stuck as close as he could to gothic; has made a delightful
+library, and the whole is comfortable. The garden is Daphne in little,
+the sweetest little groves, streams, glades, porticoes, cascades, and
+rivers imaginable: all the scenes are perfectly classic. Well, if I had
+such a house, such a library, so pretty a place, and so pretty a wife, I
+think I should let King George send to Herenhausen for a Master of the
+Ceremonies." The pleasure-grounds are beautifully shaded by flourishing
+and noble beech trees; they are also ornamented by several stone
+statues, which all throw up water, except a very fine one of the dying
+gladiator, and a group of the lion tearing the horse, by Sheemacher.
+
+[Sidenote: Rowsham House.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ 27|Barwick pa|Norfolk |Burnham 4|Wells 11|
+ 45|Barwick pa & to|W.R. York |Wetherby 7|Tadcaster 7|
+ 33|Baschurch pa|Salop |Shrewsbury 8|Oswestry 10|
+ 7|Basford to|Chester |Nantwich 5|Sandbach 8|
+ 30|Basford[A] pa|Nottingham|Nottingham 3|Mansfield 12|
+ 35|Basford[B] to|Stafford |Leek 3|Longnor 7|
+ 45|Bashall to|W.R. York |Clitheroe 5|Lancaster 16|
+ 4|Basilden pa|Berks |Reading 8|Streatley 2|
+ 14|Basildon chap|Essex |Billericay 4|Gravesend 12|
+ 16|Basing, Old[C] to & ch|Hants |Basingstoke 2|Odiham 5|
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 27|Barwick pa|Fakenham 11| 117| 35|
+ 45|Barwick pa & to|Abberford 2| 188| 1922|
+ 33|Baschurch pa|Ellesmere 9| 161| 1321|
+ 7|Basford to|Woore 7| 160| 85|
+ 30|Basford[A] pa|Arnold 3| 127| 6325|
+ 35|Basford[B] to|Cheadle 7| 151| 300|
+ 45|Bashall to|Blackburn 10| 222| 310|
+ 4|Basilden pa|Wallingford 8| 47| 780|
+ 14|Basildon chap|Rochford 12| 27| 124|
+ 16|Basing, Old[C] to & ch|Alton 12| 44| 1113|
+ +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BASFORD lies in a bottom, approached from the race-ground. The
+scenery around it is rich in the extreme. This village has greatly
+increased of late, from various manufactures, and the improvements
+consequent upon them. Here are corn and cotton-mills, and the bleaching
+and dying branches of business are carried on with considerable success.
+The church has a very handsome spire, with a nave and side aisles in
+very good order, but there are no ancient inscriptions. The importance
+of this place has also been kept up, by its being the seat of the Court
+of the Honour of Peverel, since it was removed from Nottingham. It sits
+twice in the year, to try causes as high as L50. A jail for the court is
+situated here, which Howard describes as having, at the time of his
+writing, merely one room, with three beds; but the keepers told him he
+had another little room for women prisoners, of whom there being none in
+his custody, he applied the apartment to domestic uses. A bowling-green,
+close by the jail, is much frequented by the inhabitants of Nottingham.
+At Mapperley, a hamlet in this parish, is a handsome seat of Ichabod
+Wright, Esq., a banker of Nottingham.
+
+[Sidenote: The trade.]
+
+
+[B] BASFORD. Here was born, in 1630, the celebrated Charles Cotton, a
+burlesque poet of the seventeenth century. He received his education at
+Cambridge, and afterwards travelled through France. On his return to
+England he resided with his father at Basford, in the neighbourhood of
+the Peak. His first production was, a poetical essay on the gallant Earl
+of Derby. In 1656, he married a daughter of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, a
+Nottinghamshire Knight. Two years after this his father died; he then
+succeeded him in the family estate, which was encumbered with mortgages:
+being of an improvident disposition, he was subject to constant
+embarrassments, and was even confined for some months in a prison for
+debt. After the death of his first wife, he married the Countess Dowager
+of Ardglass. He died at Westminster in 1687. Some of his poems, of
+considerable merit, were published after his death.
+
+[Sidenote: Charles Cotton.]
+
+
+[C] BASING, or OLD BASING, though a small village, is of some
+importance, as the scene of a desperate and bloody battle between the
+Danes and the Saxons, in 871, commanded by King Ethelred and his brother
+Alfred, when the latter were defeated. It was, however, rendered more
+famous by the gallant stand made against the parliamentary forces in the
+reign of Charles I., by John Poulet, Marquis of Winchester, a lineal
+descendant of Hugh de Port, who, at the time of the Domesday Survey,
+held 55 lordships in this county. This small village was the principal
+of these extensive possessions, and appears to have been the very site
+of a castle, as mention of the land of the old castle of Basing is made
+in a grant allowed by John de Port, to the neighbouring priory at Monks
+Sherborne, in the reign of Henry II. His grandson, William, assumed the
+surname of St. John; and Robert, Lord St. John, in the 43d of Henry
+III., obtained a license to fix a pole upon the bann of his moat, at
+Basing, with permission to continue it so fortified during the pleasure
+of the King. In the reign of Richard II., Basing was transferred by
+marriage to the Poynings; and again, in the time of Henry VI., to the
+Paulets, by the alliance of Constance with Sir John Paulet, of Nunny
+Castle, in Somersetshire. Sir William Paulet, Knt., third in descent
+from this couple, created Baron St. John, of Basing, by Henry VIII.; and
+Earl of Wiltshire, and Marquis of Winchester, by Edward VI., was a very
+accomplished and polite nobleman, greatly in favour at court during most
+of the successive changes that occurred in the reigns of Henry VIII.,
+Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. He held the office of
+treasurer nearly 30 years, sustaining himself by the courtly maxim, of
+"being a willow, and not an oak." He rebuilt Basing Castle, in a
+magnificent, and even in a princely style; indeed, so much so, that
+Camden, in allusion to the immense expense of living entailed on his
+family by its splendour, observes that, "it was so overpowered by its
+own weight, that his posterity has been forced to pull down a part of
+it." Here, in 1560, he entertained Queen Elizabeth with "all good
+cheer," and so much to her satisfaction, that she playfully lamented his
+great age; "for by my troth," said she, "if my Lord Treasurer were but a
+young man, I could find it in my heart to have him for a husband before
+any man in England." William, the great-grandson of this nobleman, and
+fourth Marquis of Winchester, had also, in 1601, the honour of having
+Queen Elizabeth for a guest for "thirteen days, to the great charge of
+the sayde Lorde Marquesse." During her residence here, the Duke of
+Biron, accompanied by about 20 of the French nobility, and a retinue of
+about 400 persons, were accommodated at the Vine, the seat of Lord
+Sandys, which had been purposely furnished with hangings and plate from
+the Tower, and Hampton Court, and with seven score beds and furniture,
+"which the willing and obedient people of the countrie of Southampton,
+upon two days' warning, had brought in thither to lend the Queen." When
+Elizabeth departed from Basing, she affirmed, that "she had done that in
+Hampshire, that none of her ancestors ever did; neither that any Prince
+in Christendom could do: that was, she had in her progresses, in her
+subject's houses, entertained a royal ambassador, and had royally
+entertained him." John, son of the preceding, and fifth Marquis of
+Winchester, was the brave nobleman who rendered his name immortal by his
+gallant defence of Basing House, in the cause of Charles I., during a
+tedious succession of sieges and blockades, which, with short
+intermissions, continued upwards of two years. The journal of the siege,
+printed in Oxford, in 1645, is one of the most eventful pieces of
+history during the civil war. The final investment appears to have been
+undertaken by Cromwell, who took it by storm, in October 1645, and burnt
+it to the ground, in despite of the Aimez Loyaulte, which the Marquis
+had written with a diamond in every window, and which has ever since
+been the motto of the family arms. The plunder obtained on this occasion
+is said to have amounted to L200,000. in cash, jewels, and rich
+furniture. The number of soldiers slain before the walls from the
+commencement of the siege, is recorded to have been upwards of 2,000.
+There is a traditionary report, that the garrison was partly surprized
+through some of the troops being engaged at cards when the assault
+commenced. From a survey made in 1798, it appears that the area of the
+works, including the garden and entrenchments, occupied about fourteen
+acres and a half. The form was extremely irregular, the ditches very
+deep, and the ramparts high and strong; some of the remains are yet very
+bold and striking. The site of the ruins is particularly commanding. The
+canal from Basingstoke has been cut through a part of the works, and the
+outward entrenchments have been rendered very obscure and imperfect from
+recent improvements in the grounds. The brave Marquis, whose property
+was reduced to ruin in the cause of his Sovereign, lived to the
+restoration, but received no recompence for his immense losses. He died
+in 1674, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles, who, when he saw
+that other men of sense were at their wits' end, in the arbitary and
+tyrannical reign of James II., thought it prudent to assume the
+character of a madman, as the first Brutus did, in the reign of Tarquin.
+He danced, hunted, or hawked, a part of the day, went to bed before
+noon, and constantly sat at table all night. He went to dinner at six or
+seven in the evening, and his meal lasted till six or seven in the
+morning; during which time he ate, drank, smoked, talked, or listened to
+music. The company that dined with him were at liberty to rise and amuse
+themselves, or to take a nap, whenever they were so disposed; but the
+dishes and bottles were all the while standing upon the table. Such a
+man as this was thought a very unlikely person to concern himself with
+politics, or with religion. By this conduct, he was neither embroiled in
+public affairs, nor gave the least umbrage to the court; but he exerted
+himself so much in the revolution, that he was, for his eminent
+services, created Duke of Bolton: he afterwards raised a regiment of
+foot for the reduction of Ireland. Charles, son of the former, and
+second Duke of Bolton, assisted in the great work of the revolution; and
+was one of the noblemen appointed at Exeter, in November, 1688, to
+manage the revenues of the Prince of Orange, as Sovereign of England. In
+1717, he was declared Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Charles, the eldest
+son, and third Duke of Bolton, filled several high offices in the state.
+This nobleman, on the death of his first wife, from whom he had long
+been separated, wedded the celebrated Lavinia Beswick, or Fenton, more
+known by the name of Polly Peachem, from her celebrity in the
+performance of that character in the "Beggar's Opera." The parish church
+of Basing is a large, ancient, and curious structure, standing at a
+short distance from the site of Basing House, with a tower rising in the
+centre. In a niche at the west-end is a figure of the Virgin Mary: the
+roof is supported by round arches, springing from massive columns. This
+edifice was repaired in 1510, by Sir John Paulet, who, with his father,
+John Paulet, Esq., and their respective wives, lie buried beneath two
+arched tombs, one on each side the chancel. Beneath the south aisle is
+the family vault of the Paulets, in which six Dukes of Bolton, with many
+of their noble relations, are deposited. A mural monument has also been
+erected in this church to the memory of Francis Russel, Esq., F.R.S. and
+F.S.A., a native of Basingstoke, who assisted Mr. Nichols in his History
+of Leicestershire. He died in 1795.
+
+[Sidenote: Great battles fought here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Queen Elizabeth splendidly entertained here for 13 days.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by Cromwell.]
+
+[Sidenote: The sixth Marquis of Winchester, a singular character.]
+
+[Sidenote: Polly Peachem.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. |County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+
+ 16|Basingstoke[A] m.t. & p|Hants. |Andover 13|Reading 15|
+ +--+------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+--------------------+-----+----+
+ 16|Basingstoke[A] m.t. & p|Winchester 17| 46|3581|
+ +--+------------------------+--------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BASINGSTOKE. This large, ancient, and populous town is situated in a
+pleasant and well-wooded part of the county, and commands a considerable
+trade from its standing at the junction of five great roads. In the
+"Domesday Book" it is mentioned as always having been a royal manor, and
+as never having paid any tax, nor been distributed into hides: it is
+also noticed in that survey as having a market, whose tolls were worth
+"thirty shillings": we presume this to have been the weekly
+collection--a large sum in those days. From this town a canal was made
+to the river Wey, in Surrey; it was commenced in 1778. Its length is
+thirty-seven miles and a quarter, and the expense of cutting it amounted
+to L100,000. A large portion of this sum was laid out in forming a
+tunnel, nearly three quarters of a mile in length, through a hill near
+Odiham. Besides corn and flour, coals, timber, manure, and goods of
+almost every description are conveyed to different parts of the country
+by this channel. The first barge arrived at Basingstoke Wharf in
+January, 1794. Among the numerous projected advantages which led to the
+formation of the canal, was, the presumed cultivation of Bagshot Heath,
+and other heaths within the line of its course. A beautiful ruin
+overlooks the town on the north side, called Holy Ghost chapel. This was
+founded by Sir William, afterwards Lord Sandys, who with Bishop Fox,
+obtained a licence from Henry VIII. to found a brotherhood, to continue
+in perpetual succession, for the maintenance of a priest to perform
+divine service, and for the instruction of youth in literature. On an
+eminence in the vicinity, is an ancient encampment of an elliptical
+form, supposed to be British, three thousand three hundred feet in
+circumference; it is called "Aubrey Camp," or familiarly "Bury Bank;"
+the ditch on the outside is partly filled up by the labours of the
+agriculturist; and in Rook's Down, in this neighbourhood, while cutting
+a new road in 1831, a number of human skeletons were discovered,
+supposed to be of those who fell in some battle fought near this place.
+The free grammar school adjoins the venerable ruins of the chapel of the
+Holy Ghost; it is an ancient edifice, and is supposed originally to have
+been the parish church. This grammar school was first founded by Sir
+William Sandys, in connexion with the "Guild of the Holy Ghost," and was
+re-established upon the dissolution of that fraternity, by Queen Mary,
+in the succeeding reign. There are twelve boys at present on the
+foundation. Drs. Jos. Warton, the refined poet and critic, and his
+brother Thomas Warton, Poet Laureate, were both educated here, under
+their father, Thomas Warton, B.D., Professor of Poetry in the university
+of Oxford, a writer of considerable ability. John De Basinge, a learned
+Greek scholar, a friend and contemporary of that intelligent historian,
+Matthew Paris, was a native of this town. He was a man eminent for piety
+and learning, and a perfect master of the Greek and Latin languages--an
+eloquent orator--an able mathematician, and a sound divine. Having laid
+the foundation of his university learning at Oxford, he went to Paris,
+and from thence to Athens; upon his return to England, he brought over
+several curious Greek manuscripts, and introduced the use of Greek
+numerical figures into this country; and to facilitate the knowledge of
+that rich language, which at that remote period was very little known or
+appreciated in the western world. He translated from the Greek, into the
+Latin, the celebrated Grammar, entitled "The Denatus of the Greeks," and
+the learning and piety of this truly good man, recommended him to the
+esteem of all the lovers of literature of that time: particularly that
+of Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, by whom he was promoted from the
+Archdeaconry of London, to that of Leicester; he died in 1252. Among
+other subjects he wrote a Latin translation of the harmony of the four
+Gospels; and it was this learned individual that informed Robert, Bishop
+of Lincoln, that he had seen at Athens, a book called "The Testament of
+the Twelve Patriarchs," upon which the Bishop sent for it and translated
+it into Latin; this valuable MS. was first printed in 1555, and has
+often been reprinted in English. At Basingstoke, was also born Sir James
+Lancaster, an eminent navigator, who in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
+explored the Arctic Sea. Thomas Warton, the historian of English Poetry,
+was descended from an ancient and honorable family in Beverly, County
+York, and born at Basingstoke, in 1728; from his infancy he discovered a
+vein for poetry, and at the age of nine years he wrote to his sister
+that remarkable production of his genius: viz. a translation from the
+Latin of Martial:--
+
+ "When bold Leander sought his distant fair,
+ (Nor could the sea a braver burthen bear)
+ Thus to the swelling waves he spake his woe,
+ Drown me on my return--but spare me as I go."
+
+This curious document bears date from the school of Basingstoke, Nov.
+1737. In March 1773, at the age of sixteen, he was admitted a Commoner
+at Trinity College, Oxford, and soon after elected a Scholar. At this
+college Mr. Warton continued, with trifling intervals, forty-seven
+years. In 1745, he published "The Pleasures of Melancholy." In 1749, in
+consequence of a foolish riot occasioned by some of the scholars, Mason,
+the Poet, produced a poem called the "Isis," reflecting upon the loyalty
+of the college, upon which Mr. Warton immediately wrote the "Triumph of
+Isis," a poem of some merit, and a severe commentary upon the other
+production. About this time, his talents being generally acknowledged,
+he became Poet Laureate, and in 1750 he took a Master's Degree, and in
+1751 succeeded to a Fellowship. In 1754 he published his observations on
+the "Faerie Queene of Spencer." In 1757, upon the resignation of Mr
+Hawkins, of Pembroke College, he was elected Professor of Poetry, which
+he held according to the usual custom for ten years. He died, May 21,
+1790. Basingstoke is one of the polling places for the northern division
+of the county.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, for cheese and cattle;
+ Whit-Wednesday for pedlary; September 23, for cattle and hiring
+ servants, Devonport. _Mail_ arrives 12.55 morning; departs 1.48
+ morning.--_Bankers_, Raggett and Co., draw on Masterman and
+ Co.--_Inn_, Crown.
+
+[Sidenote: Royal manor.]
+
+[Sidenote: Aubrey Camp.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent men born here.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.|County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+--------+------------+----------+
+ 24|Basingthorpe pa|Lincoln |Corby 3|Grantham 8|
+ 53|Basingwerk[A] vil|Flint |Holeywell 1|Flint 5|
+ 10|Baslow chap|Derby |Middleton 3|Bakewell 5|
+ +--+-----------------+--------+------------+----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+ 24|Basingthorpe pa|Folingham 10| 105| 122|
+ 53|Basingwerk[A] vil|Park Gate 7| 204| |
+ 10|Baslow chap|Chesterfield 10| 158| 863|
+ +--+-----------------+---------------------+----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BASINGWERK. This place is chiefly celebrated for the remains of its
+ancient abbey; for the vestiges of a house belonging to the Knights
+Templars; and for a castle, once the key to this part of the country.
+The abbey, which had the names also of Maes-Glas and Greenfield
+monastery, is beautifully situated in a meadow between two hills, on the
+eastern side of the mouth of the Holywell river. It was founded,
+according to Tanner, in 1131, by Ranulph, Earl of Chester; others say in
+1150, by Henry II. The abbot was frequently summoned to attend in
+parliament by Edward I. and at the dissolution of monasteries, the
+annual revenue amounted to L150 7s. 3d. The remains convey an imperfect
+idea of the original architecture. The doors and lower arches were
+semi-circular and unornamented, the windows were long, narrow, and
+pointed; but the south wall of the transept, one doorway, and one
+pointed arch, are all that remain of the church, and the offices have
+entirely disappeared. At a short distance from the ruins is an oak of
+great age, called the Abbot's Oak, which measures fifteen feet two
+inches in circumference. But the oaks and elms in this neighbourhood,
+though of a large size, appear withered and blasted by the effect of the
+channel breezes; the sycamores and maples are the only trees that
+flourish; a useful hint to planters. The house for the lay order of the
+Knights Templars, was instituted by Henry II., for the purpose of
+defence against the inroads of the Welsh, and of this no more than some
+portion of the offices remain. Vestiges of the castle are yet visible in
+the fragments and foundation of a wall at some distance from the abbey,
+on the very margin of Watts-dyke. On a slope among hanging woods, near
+the township of Bagilt, stands Bagilt hall, a substantial mansion of
+ancient erection, late the seat of Paul Panton, Esq. Mostyn hall, a seat
+of Sir Thomas Mostyn, exhibits a variety of interesting features.
+Approached by a venerable avenue and a magnificent gateway, it stands in
+a small but beautiful park; it consisted originally of a square tower
+and two halls, in the larger of which the festive orgies of the baronial
+board were performed; but large additions were made in 1631, and many of
+its pristine features are defaced. Numerous paintings decorate the
+rooms, consisting for the most part of portraits, which illustrate all
+the varieties of costume in the several ages of their production; among
+the treasures of art are also many unique statues, busts, bronzes, and
+other articles of ancient or foreign production. In this neighbourhood
+are numerous collieries, the different appearance of which are phenomena
+interesting to the geologist. On the summit of a height called Mostyn
+mountain, is a monumental stone denominated Maen Achwynfan (the stone of
+lamentation). Its form is that of an obelisk; in height twelve feet, and
+two feet-four in thickness. It is probably a memorial of the dead slain
+in battle; but there appear to be no certain grounds for determining the
+period of its formation.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient Abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mostyn Hall.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 26|Bassaleg[A] pa|Monmouth |Newport 3|Cardiff 11|
+ 9|Bassenthwaite pa|Cumberland|Keswick 5|Cockermth 10|
+ 23|Basset House ex.p.lib|Leicester |Leicester 13|Atherstone 8|
+ 6|Bassingbourn pa|Cambridge |Royston 5|Potton 9|
+ 24|Bassingham pa|Lincoln |Newark 9|Lincoln 9|
+ 29|Bassington to|Northumb |Alnwick 4|Eglingham 4|
+ 24|Baston pa|Lincoln |M. Deeping 4|Bourn 4|
+ 27|Bastwick pa|Norfolk |Acle 5|Norwich 9|
+ 35|Baswich pa|Stafford |Stafford 2|Rugeley 8|
+ 12|Batcombe pa|Dorset |Sherborne 10|Cerne 4|
+ 34|Batcombe pa|Somerset |Bruton 3|Shepton 6|
+ 34|Bath[B] city|Somerset |Salisbury 38|Cheltenham 41|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 26|Bassaleg[A] pa|Bristol 12| 151| 1664|
+ 9|Bassenthwaite pa|Ireby 8| 296| 549|
+ 23|Basset House ex.p.lib|Lutterworth 11| 100| 23|
+ 6|Bassingbourn pa|Caxton 9| 42| 1446|
+ 24|Bassingham pa|Navenby 7| 133| 704|
+ 29|Bassington to|Whittingham 7| 312| 613|
+ 24|Baston pa|Stamford 9| 93| 709|
+ 27|Bastwick pa|Yarmouth 9| 117| 219|
+ 35|Baswich pa|Penkridge 6| 139| 546|
+ 12|Batcombe pa|Dorchester 12| 127| 178|
+ 34|Batcombe pa|Frome 10| 112| 839|
+ 34|Bath[B] city|Bristol 14| 106| 38063|
+ +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BASSALEG, a beautiful picturesque little village. In this parish was
+a Priory of black monks of the Benedictine order, founded by Robert de
+Haye, and Gundreda, his wife, between the years 1101 and 1120. No
+remains of this building exist but a ruin in a wood, about one mile
+distant from the church, called Coed-y-monachty, which is supposed to
+have been part of the structure. At about one mile distant, near the
+road to Llanfihangel, is a circular encampment, called Careg-y-saesson,
+but almost obscured by underwood. Its name has induced some to attribute
+it to the Saxons, but saesson is a term of reproach, which the Welsh
+bestow on all foreigners. The entrenchment is a single foss and rampart
+of earth. About one mile distant is another of a singular shape, with
+loose stones lying in the foss, probably the remains of walls. These
+fortresses are apparently British, and a meadow near Machen Place,
+called Maes Arthur, records the memory of that celebrated hero. From
+Bassaleg to the vale of Machen, the country is undulating and fertile.
+This vale is pleasingly sequestered, yet intermixed with wildness and
+cultivation. The hills which skirt it are partly covered with herbage,
+and partly overhung with thick forests. The Rumney continues the
+boundary of the two counties of Monmouth and Glamorgan. This river, with
+the church, and Machen hill, almost covered with lime-kilns, give
+variety and cheerfulness to the scenery. Machen Place lies at the
+commencement of the vale, under the hanging groves of Rupara. A circular
+apartment called the hunting-room is decorated with a rich stuccoed
+ceiling, representing Diana in the middle, surrounded with seats,
+churches, and parties, in twelve compartments.
+
+[Sidenote: Machen place.]
+
+
+[B] BATH. This ancient and far-famed city is the chief ornament of the
+west of England; that it is indebted to its medicinal springs for its
+origin as well as importance, there can be little doubt, but the period
+of its foundation is altogether unknown. The discovery of its springs,
+or rather, of their virtues, was for a long time ascribed to King
+Bladud, traditionally recorded "as the son of Lud Hudibras, King of
+Britain, about 2,500 years ago. In his youth he became infected with the
+leprosy, and, at the petition of the courtiers, who feared the
+contagion, was banished by his father from the palace. The Queen, on his
+departure, gave him a ring, as a token by which he should make himself
+known to her if ever he recovered. The young prince, when he reached
+Keynsham, met with a swineherd, by whom he was retained as an assistant.
+In a short time, he perceived that he had tainted the pigs with his
+leprosy. To conceal this misfortune, he sought permission to drive the
+herd to the opposite side of the Avon, under pretext that the acorns
+there were finer, and more abundant. Passing the river at a ford, since
+denominated Swineford, he led his herd to the hills on the north-side of
+Bath. While he was addressing his prayers to the rising sun, the pigs,
+impelled by a sudden phrenzy, ran up the valley to the spot where the
+hot-springs, boiling up, mixed their waters with the decayed weeds and
+foliage, and formed a bog. In this warm oozy-bed they began to roll, and
+wallow with delight; nor could their keeper allure them away, until
+extreme hunger pressed them to follow him. On washing them, he perceived
+that some had shed their white scurf; and he had not been many days
+longer in these parts, here he perceived that one of his best sows,
+which had been long wandering in the mire about the waters, was
+perfectly cured. Bladud, judging that the remedy which had succeeded in
+a particular instance, would prove generally efficacious, stripped
+himself naked, alternately rolled in the mud, and washed in the waters;
+and, after a few repetitions of this discipline, came out perfectly
+sound. Elated by this good fortune, he drove home his pigs, returned to
+court, and, shewing his ring, was recognized with rapture, and restored
+to his former rank and dignity. His father afterwards determined on
+sending him to Athens, to improve his natural genius. A splendid retinue
+was ordered to attend him; but Bladud preferred to travel as a private
+person, considering the parade of grandeur as an impediment to the
+acquisition of knowledge. After devoting eleven years to the study of
+literature, mathematics, and necromancy, he returned to Britain, was
+appointed Regent during his father's old age, and succeeded to the
+throne after his death. One of his first public works was the erection
+of a city near the springs, which thenceforward became the capital of
+the British monarchs. In his old age he devoted himself to the formation
+of visionary projects; the most daring of which was the construction of
+a pair of wings to fly with. In one of his attempts he fell and broke
+his neck, much to the grief of his subjects, who had enjoyed the
+blessings of his wise government more than twenty years." This account
+of the origin of Bath was long popular; but the inquiries of the present
+day have proved it unworthy of credit, and have adduced reasons to
+conclude that the city was founded by the Romans, about the middle of
+the first century. The form of the city approached to a parallelogram,
+extending on one side so as to form an outline somewhat pentagonal, and
+stretching in length, from east to west, about 1200 feet, and in the
+broadest parts, from north to south, 1140 feet. The wall, which enclosed
+this space, appears, from subsequent discoveries, to have been twenty
+feet above ground in height, and in thickness sixteen feet at the base,
+and eight at the summit, strengthened with five towers, rising at the
+angles, and having four portae, or entrances, facing the cardinal points,
+which were connected by two grand streets, dividing the city into four
+parts, and intersecting each other at the centre. Near the point of
+intersection were the springs, which the Romans converted into
+magnificent baths, by attaching to them suitable edifices, which, when
+complete, extended to two hundred and forty feet from east to west, and
+one hundred and twenty from north to south. The Roman appellation of the
+city, expressive of the genial heat and vigour derived from the springs,
+was Aquae Solis, the waters of the sun. Roads were soon constructed to
+communicate with the neighbouring posts and encampments, and "a little
+Rome began to adorn a dreary and inhospitable wild." Agricola passed a
+winter here, after his successful campaign in Wales; and Arian erected
+here a "fabrica," or college of armourers. About the year 208, Geta, the
+younger son of Septimius Severus, resided in Bath, while his father was
+in Caledonia, quelling an insurrection. Some complimentary statues were
+raised on this and other occasions. The most eminent of the Roman
+structures was the temple of Minerva, on the eastern side of the great
+fosse-way, and nearly mid-way between the Porta Decumana, and the Porta
+Flumentana. Its western front consisted of a portico, supported by large
+fluted columns, of the Corinthian order. Behind this temple, towards the
+east, stood the splendid baths, the foundations of which were discovered
+in 1755, at the depth of twenty feet beneath the surface. Of the remains
+of Roman grandeur discovered from time to time, various specimens are
+preserved, and deposited, by order of the corporation, in a small
+building erected for the purpose, at the end of Bath-street. In the year
+493, a large army of Saxons, under the command of AElla, and his three
+sons, Cymenus, Pleting, and Cissa, encamped on Lansdown, and laid siege
+to Bath. At this period the heroic Arthur was performing wonders in
+favour of his countrymen. Apprized of the operations of the Saxon
+general, he hastened after him, attacked, and defeated him in a bloody
+and obstinate battle. About twenty-seven years afterwards, he again
+delivered Bath from the assaults of these ferocious invaders, by
+defeating a powerful army, on which occasion he is said to have slain
+four hundred and forty men with his own hand. John de Villula, a native
+of Tours, purchased the demesne of Rufus, in 1090, for five hundred
+marks, and obtained permission to remove the Pontifical seat from Wells
+thither; he rebuilt the monastery and church, restored the public and
+private edifices, and thus became the founder of a new city, on the
+ruins of the old one. Henry I. confirmed and extended the privileges
+which his predecessor had granted, by adding the hidage of the city;
+and, in 1106, Villula, then Bishop of Bath, conferred the whole on the
+monastery of St. Peter. Henry paid a visit to Bath in the Easter of
+1107. The city remained in the possession of the bishops until 1193,
+when Savaric gave it to Richard I., in exchange for the rich Abbey of
+Glastonbury. The prior, however, continued to hold the city under an
+annual rent of thirty pounds, exclusive of the levies which were made by
+the king on extraordinary emergencies. One of these occurred in the
+forty-seventh year of Edward III., to the amount of L13. 6s. 8d., a sum
+which conveys the idea of the inferiority of Bath, in point of
+population, to Bristol, which paid seven times as much. Four years after
+that period, the number of lay inhabitants in the city, above the age of
+fourteen, amounted to 570, and that of the clerics, in the archdeaconry,
+to 201. In this and succeeding reigns the property of the monastery was
+greatly augmented; and the monks of Bath are said to have cultivated the
+manufacture of cloth to such an extent as to render it one of the
+principal cities in the west of England for that branch of trade. This
+city sent Members to Parliament as early as 1297. Queen Elizabeth, in
+1590, granted a charter, which declared Bath to be a city of itself, and
+constituted a certain number of the citizens as a corporation, by "the
+name of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the City of Bath." In the
+reign of James II. the corporation shut the gates against the Duke of
+Monmouth, when he summoned them, and apprehended the few adherents to
+his cause that remained within their walls. Six of these unfortunate
+persons afterwards fell victims to the vindictive cruelty of Jefferies.
+The Jacobite principles prevailed at Bath long after the revolution; and
+Carte, the historian, is said to have headed a party in favour of the
+pretender, during the rebellion of 1715. Being discovered, he leaped out
+of a window in his canonicals, and fled. The city is nearly surrounded
+by an amphitheatre of hills of considerable height. This range of hills
+opens to allow a course for the Avon, which winds around it, receiving
+numerous articles of merchandize, from hence conveyed in barges to
+Bristol. Bath is divided into four parishes: St. Peter and St. Paul, St.
+James, St. Michael, and Walcot, exclusive of the out parishes of
+Bath-Hampton, Bath-Wick, Bath-Ford, and Bath-Easton. The parish of St.
+Peter and St. Paul occupies the centre of the city, and formerly
+contained two churches, the abbey church, and the church of St. Mary of
+Stall, which stood on the spot of ground now occupied by the houses
+connected with the Pump-room Piazza. The Abbey church of Bath is of that
+class of architecture commonly denominated the Florid Gothic. It remains
+in the same form as when finished in 1532. It was founded by Oliver
+King, Bishop of Bath and Wells. It is in length, from east to west, 210
+feet; length of the cross aisles, from north to south, 126 feet; breadth
+of the body and aisles, 72 feet; height of the tower, 152 feet; and the
+height of the roof, or vaulting, 78 feet. The west window is of extreme
+richness. The buttresses, on each side of the aisle windows, are
+ornamented with rolls, containing inscriptions, not now legible, but are
+said to contain the following allegorical allusion to the founder's
+name, taken out of the book of Judges, chap. ix. verse 8:--
+
+ "Trees, going to choose their king,
+ Said--be to us the Olive king."
+
+[Sidenote: King Bladud.]
+
+[Sidenote: The discovery of the Baths.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bladud and his pigs.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Roman city.]
+
+[Sidenote: Their temples and baths.]
+
+[Sidenote: The monastery.]
+
+[Sidenote: Monks were clothiers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cathedral and other churches.]
+
+The windows of this church, fifty-two in number, are supposed to have
+given rise to its appellation of the Lantern of England. Here are
+various monuments, ancient and modern, and a handsome altar-piece,
+representing The Wise Men's Offering, given by General Wade. Here is
+also a fine specimen of monumental architecture in the little chapel, or
+oratory of Prior Bird, who died in 1525. This chapel has suffered much
+from having its tracery despoiled, and a part of it cut away to make
+room for a wooden seat, called the Bishop's Throne. One of the most
+beautiful and conspicuous monuments which ornament the transepts and
+nave is, that of Bishop Montague, at the north centre end of the nave.
+It is an altar-tomb, over which the effigy of the prelate in his robes,
+lies prostrate on its back. Opposite to this is a pillar, bearing a neat
+monument, having on a pyramid of Sienna marble, a medallion, with a
+half-length figure of the witty and celebrated Quin. On a tablet below
+is the following inscription:
+
+ "That tongue which set the table in a roar,
+ And charm'd the public ear, is heard no more:
+ Closed are those eyes, the harbingers of wit,
+ Which spake, before the tongue, what Shakspeare writ;
+ Cold is that hand, which living was stretch'd forth,
+ At friendship's call to succour modest worth.
+ Here lies James Quin:--Deign, reader, to be taught,
+ Whate'er thy strength of body, force of thought,
+ In nature's happiest mould however cast,
+ 'To this complexion thou must come at last.' D. GARRICK.
+ Ob. MDCCLXVI. Etatis LXXIII."
+
+[Sidenote: Quin's monumental inscription.]
+
+Near the last mentioned monument lies buried the celebrated Beau Nash,
+long master of the ceremonies at Bath. Richard Nash was a native of
+Swansea in Glamorganshire, and was born October 18, 1674. His parents
+were in a respectable situation of life; and young Nash received a
+competent classical education at Carmarthen school, from whence he was
+sent to Jesus College, Oxford, at the early age of sixteen. He was
+intended for the profession of the law; but this study was too dull and
+dry for a person of his volatile turn. Pleasure was the goddess he
+adored; and to whose service he devoted himself. He soon involved
+himself in an intrigue with an artful female in Oxford, of which
+description there are always numbers who are laying baits for young men
+of family or personal appearance, and in consequence of this he was
+removed from the University. His relations now purchased a pair of
+colours for him in the army; and here his taste for gallantry and
+dissipation would have been fully gratified, had not his inferior rank,
+and the duties attached to it, subjected him to subordination and
+restraint, which appeared intolerable to a man born for empire, and
+whose ruling passion was too strong to submit to control. He, therefore,
+left the army in disgust, and returned to the law, which he had
+discarded, by entering himself a student of the Middle Temple. Soon
+afterwards Nash was presented with an opportunity of exercising his
+natural talents. It had been an ancient custom with the society to which
+he now belonged, to entertain every new sovereign with a revel and a
+pageant. On the accession of William, Prince of Orange, Nash was
+selected as the most proper person to conduct this mighty business; and
+he succeeded so well, that, it is said, William offered to knight him,
+an honour which he declined. His abilities, however, had attracted
+public notice, and this paved the way to his future success. Bath then
+beginning to rise into some little repute as a place of fashionable
+resort, Nash was induced to visit it in pursuit of pleasure, and soon
+made himself conspicuous by his taste, wit, and gaiety. At this period,
+it was the fashion for both sexes to bathe together quite naked, and for
+ladies to adorn their heads before they entered the bath with all the
+lures of dress. By these means their charms were set off to such
+advantage, that the husband of a lady in the Cross Bath, who with Nash
+and other spectators were admiring the female dabblers, told his wife
+"she looked like an angel, and he wished to be with her." Nash seized
+the favourable occasion to establish his reputation as a man of
+gallantry and spirit, and therefore suddenly taking the gentleman by the
+collar and the waistband of his breeches, soused him over the parapet
+into the bath. The consequence was a duel, in which Nash was wounded in
+the sword-arm; and, as it does not appear he was fond of fighting, it is
+probable that this incident prompted him when he rose to power, to issue
+his edict against wearing swords at Bath, "except by such as were not
+entitled to wear them at any other place." About this time a vacancy
+happening in the office of master of the ceremonies, a place hitherto of
+little profit or honour, the well known talent of Nash for the direction
+and invention of amusements, operated so much in his favour, that he was
+chosen "arbiter elegantiarum," and invested with the fullest power to
+order, arrange, and improve, the manner of the company, routine of
+amusements, and points of etiquette. Under the equal administration of
+Nash, no rank could protect the offender, nor any dignity of situation
+influence him to connive at a breach of his laws. He deliberately
+desired the Duchess of Queensbury, who appeared at a dress ball in an
+apron, to take it off; and when the Princess Amelia requested to have
+one dance more after eleven o'clock, he replied, that the laws of Bath,
+like those of Lycurgus, were unalterable. This firmness of character was
+attended with the most beneficial consequences; and Nash, not ignorant
+what majesty is when stripped of its externals, took care by his dress
+and equipage to support the rank he assumed. He wore a large white hat,
+and drove a carriage with six greys, escorted by several persons on
+horseback, and foot, with French horns and other kinds of musical
+instruments. The Prince of Wales, the Prince of Orange, the nobility and
+gentry, all treated him with respect; and the corporation, who might be
+considered as his privy council, never took any steps without his fiat.
+His prosperity was of long duration; and, if a man who supported himself
+by gambling and intrigues, can be said to deserve prosperity, it was
+justly due to this celebrated character: but at length age and
+infirmities approached! and though Horace says, we should preserve
+consistency to the last, it appeared ridiculous to see grey hairs and
+decrepitude aping the gaiety and hilarity of youth. His admirers in
+consequence fell off; and he lived to be sensible of the folly of a life
+solely devoted to pleasure, and the vanity of pomp, whether real or
+affected.--Beau Nash died February 3, 1761, and was buried at the
+expence of the corporation, in the abbey church, with much pomp and
+solemnity. The crowd that attended his funeral was so great, that not
+only the streets were filled, but the very tops of the houses were
+covered with spectators.--Amongst the places of worship for the
+Dissenters, are the Unitarian chapel, in Trim Street; the Baptist
+chapel, in Garrard Street; the Quaker's meeting-house on St. James's
+Parade; the chapel of the Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians, in Monmouth
+Street; a chapel belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists, in New King
+Street; an Independant Calvinist chapel, in Argyle Street; a sort of
+semi-episcopal chapel, in the connection of the late Countess of
+Huntingdon, in Harlequin Row; and a Roman Catholic chapel in Orchard
+Street. The original pump-room, began in 1704, was opened under the
+auspices of Mr. Nash. Its object was to enable the drinkers to take
+exercise without exposing themselves to the weather. The room was
+enlarged in 1751; a portico, stretching from it in a northerly
+direction, was added in 1786; and a superb western frontispiece in 1791.
+Five years afterwards, Mr. Baldwin the architect, erected a new
+pump-room on the site of the old one, on a more extensive and
+magnificent scale. During the full season, a company of musicians
+perform in the gallery every morning. Those who drink the waters, are
+expected to pay about a guinea per month, besides a gratuity to the
+pumper. The public baths are the King's Bath, and Queen's Bath, which
+are connected with each other; the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath. The
+private baths are those belonging to the corporation, in Stall Street,
+adjoining the King's Bath, built in 1788, with dry pumps, sudatories,
+and every other accommodation; and the neat and convenient baths, called
+the Duke of Kingston's, or the Abbey Baths, belonging to Earl Manvers.
+The latter are supplied from the same source as the great pump-room. The
+Bath springs are said to have three distinct sources, the King's Bath,
+the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath, which arise within a small distance of
+each other. They contain a small quantity of carbonic acid gas, and also
+of azotic gas; some sulphate of soda, and muriate of soda; selenite,
+carbonate of lime; siliceous earth; and a portion of oxyd of iron. These
+waters, taken internally, operate as a stimulant; they increase the
+action of the blood-vessels, and promote the various secretions,
+particularly those of urine and perspiration. The diseases in which
+their external and internal uses render most service, are affections of
+the liver and stomach, jaundice, hypochondriasis, and chlorosis. They
+are especially efficacious in that state of gout termed atonic. The
+external application of the water is highly beneficial in palsy, chronic
+rheumatism, cutaneous diseases, scrofula, lameness, contractions, &c.
+The water, in all cases, should if practicable, be drunk hot from the
+pump. Its effect on the stomach and nerves are sometimes remarkably
+speedy; persons who have lost their appetites and spirits by high
+living, have, by using them a few days, recovered their powers of
+digestion and cheerfulness of mind. The quantity taken is seldom more
+than a pint and a half in the course of the day, and is divided into
+three portions, two before breakfast, allowing half an hour between
+them, and a third at noon. The condition of the patient is, however, to
+be strictly attended to: and the quantity must be regulated at the
+discretion of the physician. The General Hospital of this city was
+established for the reception of all the sick poor in the united
+kingdom, whose complaints require relief from the springs of the place;
+excepting the resident poor, who have the advantage of taking the waters
+at their own houses, at a moderate charge. Edward the Sixth granted
+upwards of eighty tenements, gardens, &c. within the city and its
+suburbs, for the purpose of founding a grammar-school at Bath, and
+maintaining ten poor folk within the said town for ever. The Bath
+Theatre is scarcely inferior to those of the metropolis. The present
+building was erected about the year 1805, in the centre of the city; and
+from its height, it forms a prominent object in the distance from all
+its environs. There are three entrances; the grand front being in
+Beaufort Square. The audience part is somewhat smaller than was that of
+the late Covent Garden Theatre, but the space behind the curtain is much
+larger. The length, within the main walls, is one hundred and twenty
+feet; the breadth sixty feet; and the height seventy. The exterior
+buildings are very extensive; there are three lofty tiers of boxes,
+affording a depth of rows towards the centre. Cast iron bronzed pillars
+are placed at a distance of two feet from the front, by which the first
+row of each circle appears as a balcony, independent of the main
+structure, and thus an inconceivable lightness is obtained. The private
+boxes are inclosed with gilt lattices: the entrance to them is by a
+private house, part of the property connected with the theatre, and they
+are accommodated with a suite of retiring rooms. The decorations are
+very splendid, particularly the ceiling. The Harmonic Society was
+instituted under the patronage of Dr. Harrington; and there is another
+musical society, called the York House Catch Club. The Sydney Garden
+Vauxhall, at the extremity of Great Pulteney Street, abounds with
+groves, vistas, lawns, serpentine walks, alcoves, bowling-greens,
+grottoes and labyrinths. It is known to have contained four thousand
+persons. The riding school affords the public, amusement in wet weather.
+Lansdown races are in June and July. Besides the Public Library, the
+circulating libraries are numerous and well supplied, and the harmonic
+concerts and local institutions of a literary character, are easily
+accessible. It is intended to convert the common fields in the
+neighbourhood of Marlborough Buildings into a public park, laid out with
+numerous rides and walks, ornamental fountains, and plantations. Hackney
+coaches, and chariots, on the same principle as those used in London,
+are established here.
+
+ _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, February 14; (Holloway)
+ July 10; and Aug. 10, (Lansdown) for cattle, horses and all kinds of
+ merchandise. The Falmouth Mail arrives 7.54 morning, and departs 6.30
+ afternoon. The Carmarthen Mail arrives 7.48 morning, and departs 6.56
+ afternoon.--_Bankers_, (Bladud Bank) Tufnell and Co.; draw on Jones,
+ Lloyd and Co.; Tugwell and Co., draw on Barnard and Co.; (Old Bank)
+ Hobhouse and Co., draw on Jones, Lloyd and Co.; (City Bank) Smith and
+ Moger, draw on Barclay and Co.--_Inns_, York Hotel, White Hart, White
+ Lion, Greyhound, Castle, and Elephant and Castle.
+
+[Sidenote: Account of the celebrated Beau Nash.]
+
+[Sidenote: Refused to be knighted.]
+
+[Sidenote: Conduct of Nash towards the Princess Amelia.]
+
+[Sidenote: His death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dissenting Chapels.]
+
+[Sidenote: Use of the waters in certain disorders.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Theatre.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sydney Gardens.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 34|Bathampton pa|Somerset |Bath 2|Chippenham 11|
+ 34|Bathealton pa|Somerset |Wiveliscomb 3|Milverton 3|
+ 34|Batheaston[A] pa|Somerset |Bath 3|Chippenham 10|
+ 34|Bathford pa|Somerset | ... 4| ... 9|
+ 30|Bathley to|Nottingham|Newark 4|Muskham 1|
+ 34|Bathwick pa|Somerset |Bath 1|Chippenham 12|
+ 45|Batley pa & to|W.R. York |Wakefield 7|Leeds 8|
+ 15|Batsford pa|Gloucester|Moreton 2|Campden 4|
+ 35|Batterley ham|Stafford |Sandbach 8|Barthomley 1|
+ 43|Battersly ham|N.R. York |Stokesley 5|Gisborough 7|
+ 37|Battersea[B] pa|Surrey |Clapham 2|Putney 3|
+ 36|Battisford pa|Suffolk |Needham 2|Ipswich 4|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 34|Bathampton pa|Devizes 15| 104| 314|
+ 34|Bathealton pa|Wellington 5| 153| 98|
+ 34|Batheaston[A] pa|Devizes 14| 103| 1783|
+ 34|Bathford pa| ... 13| 102| 870|
+ 30|Bathley to|Southwell 7| 128| 197|
+ 34|Bathwick pa|Devizes 16| 105| 4035|
+ 45|Batley pa & to|Bradford 8| 189| 11335|
+ 15|Batsford pa|Stow 7| 88| 107|
+ 35|Batterley ham|Newcastle 8| 158| 242|
+ 43|Battersly ham|Helmsley 14| 242| 77|
+ 37|Battersea[B] pa|Hammersmith 3| 4| 5540|
+ 36|Battisford pa|Bildeston 8| 71| 436|
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATHEASTON. This village is situated on the London road from Bath.
+The upper part contains the church, and amongst some handsome houses, is
+one which was formerly the residence of John Wood, Esq., the ingenious
+architect, to whom Bath owes many of its noblest buildings. The church
+is antique. At the west-end it has a fine square tower, one hundred feet
+high. The inside is remarkable for its neat and decent appearance. A
+custom long observed at the villa of Sir John Millar, Bart., displays
+his elegance and refinement in the choice of his amusements, as well as
+of his visitors. He had purchased an antique vase, discovered at
+Frescati, in Italy, in 1759; and having placed it in a room convenient
+for the purpose, he consecrated it to Apollo, and ordained Lady Miller,
+high priestess. He then issued a general invitation to all votaries of
+the muses, to assemble on a certain day in each week, and offer their
+poetical oblations at the shrine; the degree of merit each possessed was
+decided by the public voice, and the author of the best was crowned with
+myrtle. A collation succeeded. This attic pastime continued for some
+years, till some witling contaminated the purity of the urn by a
+licentious composition, and the vessel was closed for ever. Two small
+volumes of these effusions have been published.
+
+[Sidenote: The vase of Apollo.]
+
+
+[B] BATTERSEA is seated on the Thames, and gives the title of Baron to
+the family of St. John. The church contains many monuments, chiefly of
+the above noble family; particularly one in grey marble, to the memory
+of the celebrated statesman, Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, and
+of his second wife, whose profiles are sculptured in bass-relief. A
+monument near the south wall, represents Sir Edward Wynter in the act of
+performing two extraordinary exploits, thus described in his epitaph:--
+
+ Alone, unarmed, a tyger he oppressed,
+ And crush'd to death the monster of a beast.
+ Twice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew,
+ Singly on foot, some wounded, some he slew,
+ Dispersed the rest--what more could Sampson do?
+
+A neat tablet, at the east end of the church, commemorates Thomas Astle,
+who was long a distinguished member of the Society of Antiquaries,
+Keeper of the Records in the Tower, a Trustee of the British Museum, and
+author of Treatise "on the Origin and Progress of Writing." He died in
+1802, and left a valuable collection of manuscripts. Here are also
+interred, Arthur Collins, Esq., known as the author of an "Historical
+Account of the Peers and Baronets of England;" William Curtis, author of
+the "Flora Londinensis," and the Rev. Joseph Gardner, author of "Views
+on the Rhine," and otherwise distinguished by his attachment to the
+arts. Bolingbroke House was a spacious edifice, said to have contained
+fifty rooms on a floor, of which a few only remain; among which is the
+favourite apartment of Lord Bolingbroke, wainscotted with cedar. A
+horizontal air-mill now occupies the site of this mansion, and in the
+gardens have been erected bullock-houses. Sherwood Lodge, near the
+Thames, is the residence of James Wolf, Esq. whose valuable collection
+of plaster-casts, from antique statues, are deposited in a gallery of
+Doric architecture, remarkable for the purity of its style. A wooden
+bridge was built over the Thames at this place, in 1771.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir E. Wynter's exploits.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bolingbroke house.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. |County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+
+ 38|Battle[A] m.t. & pa|Sussex |Tunbridge 26|Hastings 8|
+ 48|Battle[B] pa|Brecon |Brecon 3|Trecastle 9|
+ +--+-------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+ 38|Battle[A] m.t. & pa|Bexhill 6| 56| 2999|
+ 48|Battle[B] pa|Builth 15| 174| 192|
+ +--+-------------------+--------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATTLE, anciently called Epiton, derived its present denomination
+from the conflict between William the Norman, and Harold Harefoot, which
+decided the fate of these realms, and gave to the former the surname of
+Conqueror. This engagement happened on the 14th of October, 1066, and
+continued from morning until sunset, when the Normans had sustained a
+loss of 15000 men, and the English four times that number, among whom
+was their king. The Conqueror, grateful for his victory, and in
+performance of a vow, commenced the foundation of an abbey on that part
+of the field where the battle had raged most fiercely, causing the high
+altar to be raised on the spot where the body of his valiant antagonist;
+or, as others say, his standard had been found. This abbey was dedicated
+to St. Martin, and the privileges enjoyed by the superiors within its
+precincts were almost regal; an exclusive right of inquest in cases of
+murder--the property of all treasure discovered there--free warren and
+exemption, even for their tenants, from all ecclesiastical
+jurisdiction--right of sanctuary for their church in cases of
+homicide--and the power of pardoning any condemned thief whom they
+should meet going to execution. From the foundation of this abbey, till
+its dissolution, it was governed by thirty-one abbots. Sometime after
+the latter period, it was the property of the Montagues, who sold it to
+Sir Thomas Webster, and that gentleman made it his residence. Sir
+Godfrey Webster, Bart., is the present owner. In its present state,
+Battle Abbey bears ample testimony to its ancient magnificence, the
+ruins being extensive, and exhibiting a mixture of the light Norman with
+the solid Saxon architecture. These remains occupy two sides of a
+quadrangle, of which one is an ancient gateway. Nine elegant arches, now
+filled up, are all that remain of the church. Two detached buildings,
+supposed to have been refectories, are now converted into offices. The
+town of Battle consists of one street, and has a handsome church, the
+windows of which are embellished with stained glass. The chancel
+contains a fine altar-monument to the memory of Sir Anthony Browne,
+armour-bearer to Henry VIII. This place is celebrated for a manufacture
+of gunpowder, inferior only to that at Dartford.
+
+ _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Monday; Nov. 22, cattle and
+ pedlary; second Tuesday in every month, cattle.--_Bankers_, Smith,
+ Gill, and Co., draw on Spooner and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 4.20 morning;
+ departs 9.40 afternoon.--_Inn_, George.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey.]
+
+
+[B] BATTLE. The church is placed upon an eminence on the east side of
+the Escir river. It is a low edifice surrounded by a cemetry, bounded by
+a wall. A few straggling houses give this place the name of a village.
+History has fixed this spot as the scene of action where the fate of
+Brecknockshire was decided, upon its attack by Bernard Newmarch. The
+vestiges which indicate such an event, are, a well called Ffynon Pen
+Rhys; a lane called Heol y Cymri, and a long upright stone below the
+church on the south side; no other vestiges remain to recall the event.
+Half a mile eastward from Battle, appears the stately residence of the
+vicar of Llandevalle. Upon the wall of an inner court is an inscription
+in Latin. From the windows of this house are three most beautiful views;
+on the east side through a small vista, are seen the village of
+Llanddew, and in the back ground the black mountain beyond Talgarth.
+From the library, in which is a capital picture of our Saviour bearing
+the Cross, by Correggio, looking west, is the vale of Usk, with the
+highly ornamented grounds above Penpont; beyond which, Abercamlais, and
+the mountains in Llywel and Devynock close the scene. Nearly opposite is
+the gradually rising knoll of Benni, covered to the top on all sides
+with wood, beyond which appear the precipitous and majestic summits of
+the Beacons. Merthyr Cynog, or Saint Cynog, lies about four miles north.
+Cynog or Canoc, was the illegitimate son of Brychan Brecheinog. He was
+slain or murdered in one of the early eruptions of the Saxons into
+Wales, in the 5th century, on the summit of a hill in this parish,
+nearly opposite Castlemadoc, called Vanoleu, and according to Owen, was
+buried in Merthyr church. The edifice which remains, does not appear to
+be of an earlier date than the Norman era; it is situated upon a lofty
+ridge between the vales of Escir fawr and Escir fechan, in nearly the
+centre of the parish. It resembles a large barn, in which are some
+divisions, like pens for sheep, thrown in disorder to rot, when unfit
+for use.
+
+[Sidenote: Scene of a Welsh battle.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ 25|Battle Bridge ham|Middlesex |Holborn Bars 1|Paddington 2|
+ 3|Battleden[A] pa|Bedford |Woburn 3|Hockliffe 2|
+ 33|Battlefield[B] pa|Salop |Shrewsbury 4|Wem 9|
+ 16|Baughurst pa|Hants |Basingstoke 7|Kingsclere 3|
+ 4|Baulking ham|Berks |Farringdon 4|Wantage 6|
+ 34|Baumber pa|Lincoln |Horncastle 6|Wragby 8|
+ 15|Baunton pa|Glocester |Cirencester 2|Northleach 9|
+ 56|Bauseley to|Montgomery|Welch Pool 10|Shrewsbury 12|
+ 41|Baverstock pa|Wilts |Wilton 4|Salisbury 7|
+ 29|Bavington, Great to|Northumb |Hexham 12|Bellingham 12|
+ 29|Bavington, Little to|Northumb | ... 11| ... 12|
+ +--+--------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 25|Battle Bridge ham|Hoxton 2| 1| |
+ 3|Battleden[A] pa|Leighton 4| 39| 145|
+ 33|Battlefield[B] pa|Shawbury 4| 155| 70|
+ 16|Baughurst pa|Newbury 11| 54| 434|
+ 4|Baulking ham|Lambourne 7| 66| 185|
+ 34|Baumber pa|Louth 12| 141| 356|
+ 15|Baunton pa|Gloucester 17| 91| 144|
+ 56|Bauseley to|Oswestry 11| 165| 365|
+ 41|Baverstock pa|Shaftesbury 13| 292| 166|
+ 29|Bavington, Great to|Newcastle 20| 88| 70|
+ 29|Bavington, Little to| ... 2| 291| 72|
+ +--+--------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATTLEDEN lies between the two great north-western roads. The family
+of Firmband, or Fremband, twice represented the county in parliament, as
+early as the reign of Edward III. In the reign of Elizabeth it became
+the property of the Duncombes; and it is to one of this family that we
+are indebted for the accommodation of the now antiquated sedans, or
+close chairs; and in the year 1634, Duncombe is said to have procured a
+patent, which vested in him and his heirs the right of carrying persons
+"up and down in them," for a certain term. "It is probable, (observes
+Lysons,) that Sir Saunders, who was a great traveller, had seen them at
+Sedan, where Dr. Johnson, supposes that they were first made; and it is
+remarkable that Captain Bayley first introduced the use of Hackney
+Coaches in the same year." In the year 1706, this manor was purchased by
+Allen Bathurst, Esq., a distinguished political character during the
+reigns of Queen Anne and George I. It was for many years the country
+seat of Lord Bathurst, and the resort of a celebrated constellation of
+wits, of whom he was the patron and friend.
+
+[Sidenote: The invention of Sedan chairs.]
+
+
+[B] BATTLEFIELD is a parish in the liberties of Shrewsbury, and derives
+its name from a sanguinary battle which was fought there on Saturday the
+21st of July, 1403, between Henry the Fourth and the Rebels, under
+Percy, Earl of Nothumberland, and in which Lord Henry Percy, well known
+as the valiant Hotspur, was slain, together with nearly 2300 gentlemen
+and others, and upwards of 600 common soldiers fell on that memorable
+occasion. After this signal victory, Henry the fourth caused a
+collegiate church to be erected on the spot for secular canons, which
+was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene, the battle having been fought on
+the anniversary of that day. This college was dissolved in the general
+wreck of establishments of this kind, when its revenues amounted to L54
+10s. 4d. per annum; it is now the parish church. At the east end, over
+the altar window, is a figure of Henry the Fourth, much defaced by the
+corroding hand of time. In a niche in the south wall, is a rude carving
+in wood of the Virgin and child; and in the east window are still to be
+traced some mutilated remains of stained glass; but the most interesting
+object in this church, is a splendid gothic monument, recently erected
+to the memory of the late John Corbet, Esq. of Sundorne. This beautiful
+specimen of architecture is called the Tudor gothic; the interior
+represents the miniature aisle of a cathedral or cloister, with its
+elaborately groined roof, and the front is adorned by the heraldic
+blazonings of the family. This fine and highly prized piece of art was
+designed by the Rev. Archdeacon Owen, of Shrewsbury, and most admirably
+executed by Messrs. Carline of that town, in a warmly tinted fine
+grained stone, from the Grinshill quarries in the neighbourhood.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle between Henry the Fourth and Percy of Northumberland.]
+
+[Sidenote: Splendid monument.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+ 27|Bawburgh pa|Norfolk |Norwich 5|Wymondham 5|
+ 27|Bawdeswell pa|Norfolk |Reepham 4|Swanton 3|
+ 34|Bawdrip pa|Somerset |Bridgewater 4|Glastonbury 11|
+ 36|Bawdsey pa|Suffolk |Woodbridge 8|Orford 10|
+ 27|Bawsey pa|Norfolk |Lynn 3|Cas. Rising 4|
+ 46|Bawtry[A] m.t.|W.R. York|Doncaster 9|E. Retford 8|
+ 39|Baxterly pa|Warwick |Atherstone 5|Tamworth 7|
+ 41|Baydon pa|Wilts |Ramsbury 4|Lambourne 4|
+ 27|Bayfield pa|Norfolk |Holt 2|Cley 2|
+ 18|Bayford pa|Herts |Hertford 4|Hatfield 6|
+ 34|Bayford pa|Somerset |Wincaunton 1|Bourton 3|
+ 36|Bayleham pa|Suffolk |Needham 3|Ipswich 7|
+ 22|Bayley to|Lancaster|Clitheroe 6|Blackburn 7|
+ 25|Bayswater[B] ham|Middlesex|Tyburn 1|Acton 4|
+ +--+----------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 27|Bawburgh pa|E. Dereham 12| 105| 440|
+ 27|Bawdeswell pa| 7| 107| 587|
+ 34|Bawdrip pa|Stowey 12| 136| 373|
+ 36|Bawdsey pa|Ipswich 13| 80| 454|
+ 27|Bawsey pa|Middleton 3| 99| 39|
+ 46|Bawtry[A] m.t.|Gainsboro' 13| 153| 1149|
+ 39|Baxterly pa|Coleshill 7| 111| 189|
+ 41|Baydon pa|Swindon 10| 69| 358|
+ 27|Bayfield pa|Wells 10| 122| 17|
+ 18|Bayford pa|Hoddesdon 5| 21| 332|
+ 34|Bayford pa|Mere 6| 107| |
+ 36|Bayleham pa|Bildeston 9| 72| 238|
+ 22|Bayley to|Preston 12| 219| |
+ 25|Bayswater[B] ham|Southall 8| 1| |
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BAWTRY is a small town situated on the edge of Yorkshire, adjoining
+Nottinghamshire. It is handsome and well built; and the high street,
+through which lies the great North Road from London to Edinburgh, is
+very broad, and contains some elegant houses. At the upper part of this
+street is the market-place, in which are some excellent shambles. The
+town stands on a gentle but pleasant eminence, which slopes from the
+north and east down to the river Idle, which river is navigable to this
+place for small craft. On the western side of the town the ground is
+high and exceedingly pleasant, but the eastern, or marshy side, is
+subject to frequent winter inundations. The object which most travellers
+consider more especially worthy of attention, is the elegant mansion of
+the Viscountess Galway. The edifice is built of brick and is pleasantly
+situated at the southern extremity of the town; it has an extensive and
+handsome front, but a high brick wall secludes it from public view. The
+pleasure grounds which are kept in excellent condition, are stocked with
+Chinese pheasants, and other rare and curious birds. Near this place the
+Archbishops of York had a palace; and at this mansion, Archbishop
+Savage, in the time of Henry VII. delighted to take his pleasure in
+hunting; and in the next reign it was the residence of Cardinal Wolsey.
+The palace stood in a very low and damp situation, close to the
+confluence of the small river Ryton with the Idle. The great gateway,
+and the porter's lodge, were taken down towards the end of the last
+century, and what remains of the palace has been converted into a farm
+house.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Tuesday; and November 22, for
+ cattle and horses.--_Inn_, Crown--_Mail_ arrives 2.0 afternoon;
+ departs 11.30 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Viscountess Galway.]
+
+
+[B] BAYSWATER is situated on the Oxford Road, and is the first place
+passed after leaving London; it has been much increased of late by the
+building of new streets and genteel residences. A reservoir, under the
+same management as the water works of Chelsea, is in the neighbourhood.
+Bayswater Tea Gardens were formerly the Botanic gardens of Sir John
+Hill, who cultivated there his medicinal plants, and prepared his Water
+Dock, Essence, and Balsam of Honey. The reservoir before mentioned, was
+intended for the supply of the palace at Kensington, and the bason
+before the palace was to be kept constantly full by the proprietors;
+and, it was upon this condition that the property was granted them. It
+now supplies that part of the city estates situated in about
+Bond-street, with water.
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 14|Baythorne End |Essex |Haverhill 4|Ridgewell 2|
+ 42|Bayton pa|Worcester |Bewdley 6|Tenbury 8|
+ 57|Bayvill pa|Pembroke |Newport 3|Cardigan 9|
+ 4|Bayworth ham|Berks |Abingdon 2|Oxford 4|
+ 5|Beachampton[A] pa|Bucks |Buckingham 6|Stratford 3|
+ 27|Beachamwell pa|Norfolk |Swaffham 6|Stoke Ferry 6|
+ 18|Beaches ham|Herts |Buntingford 7|Standon 7|
+ 15|Beachley[B] ham|Gloucester|Chepstow 3|Bristol 13|
+ 27|Beacon |Norfolk |Cromer 6|Lt. Houses 10|
+ 5|Beaconsfield[C] to & pa|Bucks |Uxbridge 8|Wycombe 6|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 14|Baythorne End |G. Yeldham 5| 55| |
+ 42|Bayton pa|Mamble 2| 130| 445|
+ 57|Bayvill pa|Fishguard 10| 248| 160|
+ 4|Bayworth ham|Cumnor 5| 58| |
+ 5|Beachampton[A] pa|Newport 9| 53| 254|
+ 27|Beachamwell pa|Marham 5| 94| 263|
+ 18|Beaches ham|Barkway 6| 32| |
+ 15|Beachley[B] ham|Monmouth 18| 131| |
+ 27|Beacon |Bacton 5| 135| |
+ 5|Beaconsfield[C] to & pa|Amersham 6| 23| 1763|
+ +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEACHAMPTON. The remains of the mansion of the Bennetts have been
+converted into a farm-house, but the great hall is still standing. In
+the parish church are some monuments of this family; among which there
+is one to the memory of Sir Simon Bennett, who was created a baronet in
+1627, and is recorded in history as having been a great friend to the
+poor, and to University College, Oxford. This monument, it appears, was
+set up by the college 100 years after his death, and great blame is
+imputed to them for having delayed it so long. Mr. William Elmer, by his
+will, bearing date 1648, founded a free grammar school in this parish.
+The school-house was finished in 1667. The master, by an express clause
+in the founder's will, must be a single man, and is to reside in the
+school-house. It is endowed with lands, which are charged with the
+payment of a certain pension of L2. per annum, to eight poor men, and
+L1. per annum to as many poor women; and it is further provided, that
+three of each of these shall be inhabitants of this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Free grammar school.]
+
+
+[B] BEACHLEY from its almost insulated situation, has always been of
+great importance in a military point of view, for there are extensive
+earthworks of British origin still remaining. Offa's-dyke, which
+terminates here, is still to be traced. In the civil wars this place was
+considered of much importance, for Prince Rupert despatched a body of
+500 horse and foot to occupy and fortify it. But history relates, that
+even before the fortifications were completed, the garrison was
+dislodged with great loss, by Governor Massie. After this, a battle was
+fought between the royalists and the parliamentary forces, under Sir
+John Wyntor, when the latter was defeated with the loss of 220 men; and
+it is currently reported that he himself was forced to leap from the
+cliff into the river Severn, where a small boat lay ready to receive
+him; it is certain the place still goes by the name of "Wyntor's leap."
+The ferry over the river Severn has been before mentioned at page 63.
+Here is an inn called Beachley Passage House Inn. The time of high water
+is nearly the same as at Bristol Quay, and is always to be seen in the
+Bristol Newspapers. If the wind be northerly, this passage may be
+crossed for five hours before high-water; and if the wind be southerly
+or westerly, it may be passed for seven hours after high-water.
+
+[Sidenote: Once a place of great importance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Waller, the poet.]
+
+
+[C] BEACONSFIELD is a small place, although it is one of great
+thoroughfare, but the market is almost wholly disused; in fact, Wycombe
+and Uxbridge appear to have drawn away the business. The manor,
+anciently an estate of the Windsors, afterwards became the property of
+the Monks of Burnham Abbey, a building but a few miles distant. Edmund
+Waller, the poet, was born at Coleshill, in this neighbourhood, at which
+place see his life; he was proprietor of the very pleasing seat, called
+Hall Barns, an ancient mansion belonging to the family; he lies buried
+in the churchyard, and a monument has been erected to his memory, with a
+latin inscription, too long and too dry to be given in our work.
+Gregories, in this parish, was the seat of the celebrated Edmund Burke,
+who, for critical taste and brilliancy of language, will ever be ranked
+amongst the most fascinating of English writers. His company was sought
+for by all who could make the slightest pretension to kindred genius. He
+died in this town, and was buried in the church, where a marble tablet
+is set up, with a short inscription, to his memory. The apartments at
+Butler's Court, formerly Gregories, contained some fine paintings, by
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, and some valuable marbles. This seat, we believe,
+came into the possession of Mr. Burke through the friendship of Lord
+Verney and the Marquis of Rockingham, by whose munificence he was
+enabled to purchase it. The widow of the late Mr. Burke continued to
+reside at Butler's Court till the period of her death, which took place
+a few years after that of her late husband; the mansion and estate was
+afterwards purchased by James Dupre, Esq., who let the house to the
+master of a boarding-school, and in whose occupation it was destroyed by
+fire: the grounds have since been adapted to the purpose of agriculture.
+For the following interesting sketch of the illustrious and
+distinguished statesman, (Burke,) we are indebted to Dr. Watkin's
+Biographical Dictionary:--"He was born at Dublin, in 1730. His father
+was an attorney, and a Protestant. The son received his education under
+Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker, who kept a school at Ballytore, near
+Carlow, and it is recorded to the honour of Mr. Burke, that whenever he
+visited Ireland he always paid his respects to his old tutors: in 1746
+he entered as a scholar at Trinity College, which he left on taking his
+bachelor's degree in 1749, and soon after became candidate for the
+professorship of logic at Glasgow, but did not succeed. In 1753 he
+entered of the Middle Temple, where he applied more to general
+literature than to the law, and supported himself by writing for the
+booksellers. Falling ill, through too close an application to his
+studies, he removed to the house of Dr. Nugent, a physician, whose
+daughter he afterwards married. In 1756 he published a pamphlet,
+entitled, "A Vindication of Natural Society." This piece was purposely
+drawn up in the manner of Lord Bolingbroke, and for a time imposed upon
+the friends of that writer as his real productions. His next performance
+was the Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful, published in 1757. This
+philosophical piece of criticism, written in a fine and elegant style,
+procured the author a great reputation, and the esteem of the first
+literary characters of the age; the principal of whom was Dr. Johnson.
+In 1758, he suggested to Mr. Dodsley, the bookseller, the plan of the
+"Annual Register," the historical part of which he wrote for several
+years. In 1761 he went to Ireland as the companion of his friend Mr.
+Hamilton, secretary to the Earl of Halifax, then Lord-Lieutenant. That
+gentleman, who was generally known by the name of Single-speech
+Hamilton, from the circumstance of his making only one speech in
+parliament, but one of uncommon eloquence, procured him a pension of
+L300. on the Irish establishment. On his return from Ireland he was made
+private secretary to the Marquis of Rockingham, First Lord of the
+Treasury, who brought him into parliament for Wendover. The Rockingham
+party continued in power but a short time, and on going out of office,
+Mr. Burke wrote a forcible pamphlet upon the subject, entitled, "A Short
+Account of a Short Administration;" after which, he became an active
+member of the opposition, as a senator and also as a writer. A pamphlet
+of his, entitled, "Thoughts on the Causes of the present Discontents,"
+excited considerable interest as a bold exposure of court intrigues and
+favourites, in controlling the operations of ministers. In the struggle
+between Great Britain and the colonies, Mr. Burke bore a distinguished
+part as an opponent to the ministry. His speeches were vehement, and had
+so powerful an influence upon the people, that the citizens of Bristol,
+in 1774, invited him to be one of their representatives, without his
+being at the least expense. But at the next election in 1780, he was
+rejected by them for having supported the Irish petition for a free
+trade, and the bill for relieving Roman Catholics. He was then returned
+for Malton, in Yorkshire. At this time he gained great popularity by his
+introduction of a bill for a reform in the national expenditure, on
+which he spent prodigious labour, but it was unsuccessful. When the
+Marquis of Rockingham returned to power on the resignation of Lord
+North, in 1782, Mr. Burke obtained the post of Paymaster-general of the
+Forces, and a seat in the Privy Council; but this was of short duration,
+for on the death of his patron, Lord Shelbourne became First Lord of the
+Treasury, and Mr. Burke, with several of his friends, resigned their
+places. In the coalition, which for a little while succeeded the
+Shelbourne administration, Mr. Burke had his share both of emolument and
+abuse. The leading particulars of his political life, after this, were
+his exertions against Mr. Hastings, in which he manifested uncommon
+industry to fasten guilt upon that gentleman, with no small share of
+personal asperity; his vigorous opposition to Mr. Pitt's design of
+forming a limited regency on the King's illness in 1788; and above all,
+his ardour against the actors and defenders of the French revolution. On
+the latter subject he evinced peculiar sagacity at the outset, and when
+many worthy men were rejoicing at the prospect of rising liberty and
+happiness to the world, Mr. Burke predicted, with remarkable precision,
+the desolation, bloodshed, anarchy, and misery which ensued. He
+displayed his detestation of the revolutionists in the House of Commons,
+and separated himself in consequence from Mr. Fox, and many other of his
+old associates. In 1790 he published his famous "Reflections on the
+Revolution in France," which attracted wonderful attention, and produced
+a surprising effect upon the public mind. Many publications appeared in
+answer to this book; the most noted of which was Paine's pamphlet,
+entitled "The Rights of Man," wherein the principles of republicanism
+were so artfully addressed to the feelings of ordinary persons, as to
+excite for a time no small alarm to the friends of government. Mr.
+Burke, after this, published a variety of pamphlets in support of his
+positions: as, "A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly;" "An
+Appeal from the New Whigs to the Old;" "Thoughts on a Regicide peace,"
+&c. His zeal on this occasion, as well as his extraordinary talents,
+recommended him to the royal favour, and he obtained a pension, which
+gave room for those who had been galled by his arguments, to reproach
+him, and some illiberal animadversions were made upon him in the senate,
+which drew from him that admirable defence, his "Letter to a Noble
+Lord," in which he retaliates upon a celebrated Duke in a strain of keen
+irony and dignified remonstrance. Mr. Burke withdrew from parliament in
+1794, leaving his seat for Malton to his son, an accomplished young man,
+who died shortly after. This melancholy event hastened his death, which
+happened the 8th of July, 1797. A little before his death he caused to
+be read to him Addison's paper in the Spectator, on the Immortality of
+the Soul. Mr. Burke was very amiable in his private life, of correct
+deportment, faithful in his attachments; charitable to the poor, and
+religious without being superstitious. He had a fine taste for the arts,
+and was fond of gardening and architecture," Bulstrode, the seat of the
+Duke of Portland, is within three miles of the town; a more detailed
+account of this elegant mansion will be given in a future portion of our
+work.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Feb. 13; and Holy Thursday, for
+ horses, cows, and sheep.--_Mail_ arrives 11.10 night; departs, 3.30
+ morning.--_Inn_, Saracen's Head.
+
+[Sidenote: The celebrated Edmund Burke.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sketch of his life.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burke's reflections on the French revolution, &c.] [Sidenote:
+His death.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+ 43|Beadlam to|N.R. York |Helmesley 3|Kirkby 2|
+ 29|Beadnell to|Northumb |Belford 9|Aluwick 13|
+ 11|Beaford pa|Devon |Torrington 5|Chumleigh 10|
+ 45|Beaghall to|W.R. York |Pontefract 6|Snaith 7|
+ 21|Beaksbourne pa|Kent |Canterbury 4|Wingham 3|
+ 29|Beal ham|Durham |Belford 8|Berwick 8|
+ +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+ 43|Beadlam to|Gillamoor 3| 225| 157|
+ 29|Beadnell to|Ellingham 8| 321| 251|
+ 11|Beaford pa|Hatherleigh 9| 200| 624|
+ 45|Beaghall to|Selby 6| 178| 563|
+ 21|Beaksbourne pa|Dover 2| 59| 351|
+ 29|Beal ham|Wooler 2| 330| 70|
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles from |
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 36|Bealing, Great pa|Suffolk |Woodbridge 3|Ipswich 7|
+ 36|Bealing, Little pa|Suffolk |... 4|... 6|
+ 34|Beamhurst ..|Stafford |Cheadle 7|Uttoxeter 3|
+ 12|Beaminster,[A] m.t. & ch|Dorset |Dorchester 18|Bridport 6|
+ 13|Beamish to|Durham |Gateshead 6|Durham 6|
+ 45|Beamsley to|W.R. York |Skipton 6|Addingham 2|
+ 29|Beanley to|Northumb. |Alnwick 8|Wooler 9|
+ 10|Beard to|Derby |Ashton 8|Manchester 15|
+ 37|Bear Green ..|Surrey |Dorking 4|Horsham 9|
+ 39|Bearly pa|Warwick |Stratford 4|Warwick 8|
+ 21|Bearsted pa|Kent |Maidstone 3|Milton 10|
+ 33|Bearston to|Salop |Drayton 4|Eccleshall 9|
+ 10|Bearward-Cote to|Derby |Derby 6|Sudbury 8|
+ 40|Beathwaite Green, ham|Westmorlnd|Kendal 6|Millthorpe 3|
+ 10|Beauchief Abbey, e.p.l|Derby |Sheffield 4|Dronfield 4|
+ 39|Beaudesert[B] pa|Warwick |Henley 1|Stratford 9|
+ +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles from |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 36|Bealing, Great pa|Wickham 8| 76| 367|
+ 36|Bealing, Little pa|... 9| 75| 272|
+ 34|Beamhurst ..|Checkley 2| 139| |
+ 12|Beaminster,[A] m.t. & ch|Crewkerne 7| 141| 2968|
+ 13|Beamish to|Sunderland 10| 265| 1848|
+ 45|Beamsley to|Otley 10| 215| 279|
+ 29|Beanley to|Belford 11| 314| 169|
+ 10|Beard to|Sheffield 23| 177| 283|
+ 37|Bear Green ..|Capel 2| 28| |
+ 39|Bearly pa|Henley 5| 97| 230|
+ 21|Bearsted pa|Chatham 9| 37| 594|
+ 33|Bearston to|Nantwich 12| 157| 95|
+ 10|Bearward-Cote to|Uttoxeter 13| 130| |
+ 40|Beathwaite Green, ham|Burton 7| 258| |
+ 10|Beauchief Abbey, e.p.l|Chesterfield 10| 160| 85|
+ 39|Beaudesert[B] pa|Birmingham 16| 102| 199|
+ +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEAMINSTER is a town of very great antiquity; it is situated on a
+fertile spot near the banks of the small river Birt. The prebendaries of
+Salisbury were formerly lords of the manor, until the parliamentary
+commissioners (who appear to have made very free with church property)
+seized it, and for a time it passed into other hands, but it was only
+for a time: the right at length became acknowledged, and in the
+possession of the prebendaries of Sarum it now remains. This town has
+suffered much by the devastation of fire, and still more by the
+destructive sword of civil, or rather uncivil, warfare. Britton speaks
+of a record of the former being preserved in a blank leaf of an old
+Bible, in the possession of a gentleman of this town, which memorandum
+ran as follows:--"The towne of Beaminster was burnt on Palme Sunday,
+being the 14th day of April, and in the year of our Lord 1644. At the
+same time prince Maurice, being in the towne seven dayes before the
+fire, and there continued till the fire burnt him out of his quarters.
+The fire was first kindled in John Sergeant's house, in North-street; it
+was a musket discharged in the gable; and it was wild-fire, and the
+winde lying directly with the towne, the whole place was destroyed in
+two hours; and those goods for the most part which were saved out of the
+fire were carried away by the soldiers. There were seven score and four
+dwelling-houses, besides barns and stables, burnt." An eye-witness in
+Sir Thomas Fairfax's army describes it as "a place of the pitifullest
+spectacle that man can behold; hardly a house left not consumed by
+fire." Two thousand pounds were granted by the parliament to assist in
+re-building the town: this, with other sums, raised by the neighbouring
+gentry, answered the purpose. But it appears that the place was doomed
+to destruction, for in June, 1684, it was again consumed, and the loss
+is said to have amounted to L10,000.: nor did its misfortunes end here,
+for in the gusty month of March, in the year 1781, upwards of fifty
+dwelling-houses, besides barns, stables, and other buildings, were
+reduced to ruins in the short space of three hours. Mrs. Tucker founded
+a free-school here, in 1684, for the purpose of affording education to
+twenty of the poorest boys in the town; three or four of these boys were
+to be apprenticed annually, and it is necessary that one of these, at
+least, should become a seaman. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Hood, father of Lord
+Hood, was master of this school in the year 1715. The inhabitants are
+principally engaged in the manufacture of sail-cloth, and in the
+production of iron, tin, and copper ware. The work-house is a large
+commodious building; formerly an alms-house.
+
+ _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, April 4; September 19, for horses,
+ sheep, and cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Destroyed by fire in 1644.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt down in 1684, and again in 1781.]
+
+
+[B] BEAUDESERT. This place is situated in the hundred of Barlichway. The
+church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and exhibits some good specimens of
+ancient architecture. The village was the birth-place of Richard Jago,
+the poet, who was the son of the rector: he was born in 1715, and was
+educated at Solihull grammar-school, about eleven miles distant from
+this place. His first poetical production which attracted notice was an
+"Elegy on the Death of a Blackbird," and this was followed by a poem,
+descriptive of the "Battle of Edgehill," which is considered the most
+finished of his works: the subject was in all probability suggested by
+his residence in the neighbourhood of the scene of action. He died on
+the 8th of April, 1781.
+
+ Map|Names of Places. |County. |Number of Miles from |
+ +--+------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+ 16|Beaulieu[A] pa. |Hants |Lymington 7|Hythe 5|
+ 23|Beau Manor ex. pl.|Leicester|Mount Sorrel 3|Loughboro 3|
+ +--+------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+ |Dist. |
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles from |Lond. |Population.
+ +--+------------------+------------------------+------+----+
+ 16|Beaulieu[A] pa. |Southampton 7| 82|1298|
+ 23|Beau Manor ex. pl.|Leicester 8| 106| 98|
+ +--+------------------+------------------------+------+----+
+
+
+[A] BEAULIEU. The river Exe, over which there is a bridge, is navigable
+up to this village. Here is a manufacture of coarse sacking. The ruins
+of Beaulieu Abbey are beautifully situated on the eastern banks of the
+river. The delightful valley which surrounds these venerable remains, is
+of a circular form, bounded by well-wooded hills, and in itself,
+consists of a rich variety of ground. The Abbey was founded, A.D. 1204,
+by King John, for monks of the Cistercian order; a class of friars to
+which that monarch had been previously particularly adverse. The king,
+it is said, after various oppressive measures exercised against the
+Cistercians, summoned the Abbots and principals of that order, to
+Lincoln, whither they hastened, flattering themselves that he would
+there confer upon them some marks of his grace and favor. Instead of
+this, say the monkish historians, "the savage monarch ordered the Abbots
+to be trodden to death, by horses: but none of his attendants being
+found sufficiently cruel to obey the sanguinary command, the
+ecclesiastics, dreadfully alarmed, retired hastily to their inn. In the
+course of the ensuing night, when the monarch slumbered on his bed, he
+dreamt that he was standing before a Judge, accompanied by the
+Cistercian Abbots, who were commanded to scourge him severely with rods
+and thongs; and when he awoke in the morning, he declared that he still
+felt the smart of the beating. On relating this dream to a certain
+ecclesiastic of his court, he was advised to crave pardon of the Abbots,
+whom he had before so barbarously treated; and assured, that the
+Almighty had been infinitely merciful to him, in thus revealing the
+mysteries of his dispensations, and affording him paternal correction.
+The king, adopting this counsel, ordered the Abbots to attend him; and,
+contrary to their expectations, received them with kindness:" and the
+remembrance of his dream still continuing to influence his conduct, he
+shortly after granted a charter for the foundation of the Abbey of
+Beaulieu. It was greatly enriched by succeeding grants; and at the
+Dissolution, its possessions were estimated at the annual value of L428.
+6s. 8d. The manor of Beaulieu, with all its rights, privileges, and
+appurtenances, (the rectory and right of patronage excepted), was
+granted to Thomas Wriothesley, Esq. afterwards Earl of Southampton. The
+circumference of the manor embraces an extent of 28 miles, and the clear
+annual revenue amounts to between L4000 and L5000. The immediate
+precincts of the Abbey were encircled by a stone wall, the remains of
+which are richly mantled with ivy. An edifice, nearly square, now called
+the palace, but originally built for the Abbot's lodging, was converted
+into a family seat after the Dissolution. Over the entrance is a
+canopied niche, in which stood the image of the Virgin Mary. The hall is
+a well proportioned room, handsomely vaulted, the ribs springing from
+pilasters, and spreading over the roof in beautiful ramifications.
+Eastward from this edifice is a long building, supposed from the extent
+and height of the apartments, to have been the dormitory; beneath it are
+several good cellars. The ancient kitchen is also standing, and near it
+is the refectory, a plain stone edifice, with strong buttresses: this is
+now the parish church of Beaulieu; the Abbey church, which stood to the
+north-east, having been entirely destroyed. On the west side is the
+ancient rostrum, or pulpit, from which lectures were read when the monks
+were assembled at their meals below. The site of the Abbey Church may be
+traced by the unevenness of the ground; but not a vestige of the
+building is remaining. Fragments of demolished tombs are occasionally
+dug up here, this having been the burial-place of various illustrious
+and noble personages, and among them, Queen Eleanor, mother of King
+John. Some traces of the cloisters are yet distinguishable. Whilst
+Beaulieu Abbey was invested with the privilege of a sanctuary, its walls
+afforded a temporary protection to Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry
+VI.; who, returning from the continent, in expectation of being
+reinstated in her former dignity, was informed of the imprisonment of
+her husband, the destruction of his army, and the death of the Earl of
+Warwick, and the elevation to the throne of Edward IV. Another
+celebrated fugitive, to whom this abbey afforded sanctuary, was Perkin
+Warbeck, who, after many vicissitudes, was executed at Tyburn, in 1499.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey founded by King John.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king's singular dream.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manor extends 28 miles.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burial place of Queen Eleanor.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. |County. | Number of Miles from |
+ +--+------------------+----------+-----------+----------+
+ 47|Beaumaris[A] m.t.|Anglesea |Bangor 7|Aber 6|
+ 9|Beaumont pa.|Cumberland|Carlisle 5|Gretna 7|
+ +--+------------------+----------+-----------+----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles from |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+ 47|Beaumaris[A] m.t.|Holyhead 22| 251| 2497|
+ 9|Beaumont pa.|Longtown 8| 306| 276|
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEAUMARIS, though but a small place, is the capital of the island;
+it is finely situated on a low shore, called Beaumaris Bay. The present
+town appears to have originated from the circumstance of a castle having
+been erected here about the close of the 13th century, by Edward I. It
+lies close to the town, covering a large space of ground, in a low
+situation. Its erection was subsequent to its proud rivals Conway and
+Caernarvon. The necessity of the present castle arose from Rhyddlan,
+upon the opposite shore, being often possessed by the Welsh princes. It
+appears to have been the last of the three great fortresses erected by
+Edward. On the conquest of Wales in 1295, he fixed upon this spot with a
+view of surrounding it with a fosse, for the double purpose of defence,
+and bringing small craft to unload their cargoes under its walls, by a
+canal, part of which was, till lately, remaining. From the period of its
+erection to the time of Charles I., it does not appear to have been at
+all conspicuous on the page of history. A communication was made between
+various parts of the inner court, by means of a surrounding gallery,
+about six feet wide, a considerable portion of which is yet entire.
+Within recesses, in the sides of the gallery, are several square
+apertures, apparently once furnished with trap doors, which opened into
+rooms beneath; but their use has not been ascertained. Mr. Grose thinks
+they might have been used for the purposes of imprisonment. A tennis,
+fives court, and bowling-green, have been formed within the interior.
+The town of Beaumaris was surrounded with walls, for its defence, and
+placed under the government of a corporation, endowed with various
+privileges and lands. Mr. Lloyd supposes, from local tokens being
+circulated by opulent tradesmen, about the year 1650, of which he had
+several in his possession, that it was a place of considerable traffic.
+The present town consists of several streets, of which one terminated by
+the castle is handsome, and the houses are generally well built.
+Beaumaris is much frequented during the summer months, by numerous
+genteel families, attracted by the pleasantness of this part of the
+island, and to avail themselves of the benefit of sea-bathing. The
+parochial church is a handsome structure, consisting of a chancel, nave,
+and two aisles, with a large square embattled tower. In the vestry
+adjoining were deposited the remains of lady Beatrice Herbert, daughter
+of the celebrated mirror of chivalry, the Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Near
+which lies interred the Rev. Gronwy Davies, with an inscription
+concluding as follows:
+
+ "Here lies learning, friendship, love;
+ And innocency of the dove.
+ Within this grave and in the dust
+ His ever courteous body must
+ Until the resurrection lie;
+ Then he shall live and death shall die."
+
+The free-school was erected and liberally endowed by David Hughes, Esq.,
+in the year 1603, who ten years afterwards founded also an excellent
+alms-house for six poor persons, to whom he granted small annuities. He
+was born about the middle of the 16th century, in a cottage now in
+ruins. He left the island early in life, in a very humble station, but
+by prudence and propriety of conduct, he made a decent fortune.
+
+ "'T is here the active worth of Hughes appears,
+ A blessed asylum for the wreck of years!
+ If there his views the opening mind engage,
+ Here he supports the trembling limbs of age;
+ His breast embrac'd within his godlike plan,
+ At once the morn and evening hours of man!
+ And ye who here his lasting bounty share,
+ Whose tranquil days decline without a care!
+ If still, as night shall close, day greet your eyes,
+ No grateful aspirations reach the skies,
+ Indignant heaven beholds you with a frown,
+ Nor gives the ingrate, life's immortal crown." LLOYD.
+
+The old town-hall, built in 1563, has been taken down, and under the
+patronage of Lord Viscount Bulkeley, another more elegant has been
+erected upon its site. The town, re-incorporated in the 4th year of
+Elizabeth, is governed by a mayor, recorder, two bailiffs, twenty-four
+burgessess, two serjeants at mace, a town clerk, jailor, four
+constables, and a water-bailiff. The county hall is a small low
+building, being neither conveniently formed nor respectable in its
+appearance. The custom-house stands upon the green near the edge of the
+water. Beaumaris bay consists of an expansive opening in front of the
+town, so sheltered by the island of Priesholme and the great Ormeshead,
+as to allow vessels of considerable burden to ride in safety, during the
+most stormy weather. The depth of water near the town, at ebb-tide, is
+from six to seven fathoms, but the channel scarcely exceeds a quarter of
+a mile in breadth. The greater part of the bay is left dry for several
+miles when the tide is out, which part is called the Lavan Sands. These
+once formed a habitable hundred, belonging to the territory of Arson.
+They were formerly called Wylofaen, or the place of Weeping, from the
+shrieks and lamentations of the inhabitants at the time when the land
+was overwhelmed by the sea. Lavan is a corruption of Traeth Talaven, or
+the fermented heap, allusive to the boiling up of water in the
+quicksands. The ferry was granted by charter to the corporation in the
+4th year of Elizabeth: it lies near the town. The place of embarking or
+landing is the point anciently known under the appellation of Penrhyn
+Safness, but afterwards Osmund's Air, from a malefactor, who on his way
+to execution, being asked where he was going, answered, "To take the
+air." The walk over the sand at low water is firm and good; they should
+be passed three hours after high water, and will be safe for four hours;
+or in other words, two hours before low water and two after. Precautions
+are essentially necessary to be taken, for near the times of the sands
+being covered by the sea they are frequently shifting, and in many
+places become so watery or quick, as to have proved both dangerous and
+fatal. This way is equally perilous in foggy weather, but as some
+persons are necessitated to pass in every season, the large bell at Aber
+is humanely rung, to direct them towards the sound.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Feb. 13, Holy Thursday,
+ Sept. 19, and Dec. 19, for cattle.--_Inn_, Bull's Head.
+
+[Sidenote: Chief town in Anglesea.]
+
+[Sidenote: Much frequented in summer.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its government.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lavan sands]
+
+[Sidenote: Caution.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+ 14|Beaumont pa|Essex |Manningtree 7|Colchester 16|
+ 13|Beaumont Hill to|Durham |Darlington 4|Sedgefield 9|
+ 23|BeaumontLeys ex. pl|Leicester|Leicester 2|Belgrave 1|
+ 38|Beauport |Sussex |Battle 3|Hastings 5|
+ 39|Beausall ham|Warwick |Warwick 6|Kenilworth 4|
+ 16|Beaworth ti|Southamp.|Alresford 5|Bis Waltham 7|
+ 11|Beaworthy pa|Devon |Hatherleigh 7|Holsworthy 9|
+ 7|Bebbington, Upper to|Chester |Great Neston 7|Liverpool 6|
+ +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 14|Beaumont pa|Harwich 9| 67| 452|
+ 13|Beaumont Hill to|Stockton 11| 245| |
+ 23|BeaumontLeys ex. pl|Grooby 4| 100| 28|
+ 38|Beauport |Robertsbridg 9| 59| |
+ 39|Beausall ham|Solihull 9| 96| |
+ 16|Beaworth ti|Winchester 5| 62| 156|
+ 11|Beaworthy pa|Oakhampton 9| 204| 339|
+ 7|Bebbington, Upper to|Chester 13| 201| 273|
+ +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+ 7|Bebbington, Low. t & p|Chester |Great Neston 5|Liverpool 7|
+ 29|Bebside to|Northumb |Morpeth 6|Blyth 4|
+ 36|Beccles[A] m.t.|Suffolk |Yarmouth 15|Norwich 18|
+ 22|Beconsall chap|Lancaster|Ormskirk 11|Chorley 8|
+ 7|Bechton to|Chester |Sandbach 2|Congleton 4|
+ 33|Beckbury pa|Salop |Bridgenorth 7|Shiffnal 5|
+ 21|Beckenham[B] pa|Kent |Croydon 5|Lewisham 4|
+ 24|Beckering |Lincoln |Wragby 1|Holton 1|
+ +--+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+ 7|Bebbington, Low. t & p|Chester 13| 201| 440|
+ 29|Bebside to|Horton 1| 287| 100|
+ 36|Beccles[A] m.t.|Bungay 6| 112| 3862|
+ 22|Beconsall chap|Preston 8| 216| 476|
+ 7|Bechton to|Lawton 4| 160| 818|
+ 33|Beckbury pa|Madeley 5| 140| 307|
+ 21|Beckenham[B] pa|Bromley 2| 9| 1288|
+ 24|Beckering |Lincoln 12| 145| |
+ +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BECCLES is a large and well-built town, situated on the river
+Waveny, which is navigable from this place to Yarmouth, and divides in
+its course the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. It is governed by a
+portreeve and thirty-six burgesses, the office of the former being held
+in rotation by twelve of the latter. The church is gothic, with a
+steeple, containing twelve bells, and a porch, which is considered a
+fine specimen of the florid gothic. The ruins of Endgate church may be
+seen out of the town, but the inhabitants of the village appear to have
+been long esteemed parishioners of Beccles. Here is a theatre, a town
+hall, a jail, and a free school, endowed with 100 acres of land, in the
+reign of James I.; and a good grammar-school founded by Dr. Falconberge,
+and endowed with an estate, then worth forty pounds per annum, although
+now considerably increased in value. Near the town is a large common, on
+which the inhabitants of the town have the privilege of feeding their
+cattle on easy terms. In 1586 a fire consumed eighty houses in this
+place, and property to the amount of L20,000.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit Monday, June 29, and October 2,
+ for horses and pedlary.--_Bankers_, Gurney and Co., draw on Barclay
+ and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.15 morning; departs 3.45
+ afternoon.--_Inns_, King's Head, and White Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Fine gothic church.]
+
+
+[B] BECKENHAM. The church of this village is a neat edifice, containing
+many monuments of the Style, Raymond, Burrell, and other families. On a
+slab in the chancel, is a remarkable brass, to the memory of dame
+Margaret, wife of Sir William Dalsell, Knt., and daughter of John
+Barnes. Esq., of Redhall, in Norfolk, who died 1563: she is represented
+in a flowered petticoat, and close-bodied gown; the sleeves slashed at
+the shoulders, and hanging down to the feet. Here is also the monument
+of Mrs. Jane Clarke, wife of Dr. Clarke, physician at Epsom, with an
+elegant inscription, by Gray. The parish register, under the date of
+Oct. 24, 1740, also records the burial of Margaret Finch, who lived to
+the age of 109 years. She was one of the people called gipsies, and had
+the title of their queen. After travelling over various parts of the
+kingdom, during the greater part of a century, she settled at Norwood,
+whither her great age, and the fame of her fortune-telling, attracted
+numerous visitors. From a habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin
+resting on her knees, the sinews at length became so contracted, that
+she could not rise from that posture: after her death, they were obliged
+to inclose her body in a deep square box. Her funeral was attended by
+two mourning coaches: a sermon was preached upon the occasion, and a
+great concourse of people attended the ceremony. Her picture adorns the
+sign-post of a house of public entertainment in Norwood, called the
+Gipsy House. Beckenham-place, the seat of John Cator, Esq., is partly in
+the parish of Bromley; but the mansion itself is in that of Beckenham.
+Rear-Admiral Sir Piercy Brett, who died in 1781, (and with his lady,
+lies buried in the church,) resided here. The estate, which had long
+been owned by the St. Johns, was alienated to the Cators, in 1773. The
+house is a handsome building, commanding a beautiful prospect. Kent
+House, the ancient seat of the Lethieullers, in Beckenham parish, is now
+occupied as a farm: the estate belongs to J.J. Angerstein, Esq. Clay
+Hill, or the Oakery, also in this parish, was the property of the late
+learned Edward King, Esq., F.R., and A.S. This gentleman, who was a
+native of Norfolk, was elected president of the Society of Antiquaries
+on the decease of Dr. Milles, in 1784; but, on the succeeding election
+in the year following, he was obliged to relinquish the chair to the
+Earl of Leicester, after an unprecedented contest. He was the author of
+various works; the principal of which are, his "Observations on Ancient
+Castles;" "Morsels of Criticism," tending to illustrate the Scriptures;
+and the "Monumenta Antiqua." He died in 1806, at the age of 72.
+
+[Sidenote: Queen of the gipsies died here, at the age of 109.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ 9|Beckermet, St. | | | |
+ | Bridgetts pa|Cumberland|Egremont 3|Ravenglass 10|
+ 9|Beckermet, St. Johns pa|Cumberland| 4| 9|
+ 4|Becket ti|Berks |Farringdon 6|Highworth 4|
+ 15|Beckford pa|Gloucester|Tewkesbury 5|Sedgeberrow 4|
+ 27|Beckham, East pa|Norfolk |Cromer 5|Holt 5|
+ 27|Beckham, West pa|Norfolk | ... 5| ... 5|
+ 41|Beckhampton[A] ti|Wilts |Marlbro' 7|Devizes 8|
+ 24|Beckingham pa|Lincoln |Newark 5|Leadenham 5|
+ 30|Beckingham pa|Nottingham|Gainsbro' 3|E. Retford 7|
+ 34|Beckington[B] pa|Somerset |Frome 3|Trowbridge 6|
+ 31|Beckley pa|Oxford |Oxford 5|Islip 3|
+ 38|Beckley pa|Sussex |Rye 7|Newenden 3|
+ 45|Beckwith Shaw |York |West End 4|Otley 7|
+ 44|Bedale[C] m.t. & pa|N.R. York |Northallerton 8|Leeming 3|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-----+-------+
+ 9|Beckermet, St. | | | |
+ | Bridgetts pa|Whitehaven 9| 291| 545|
+ 9|Beckermet, St. Johns pa| 10| 290| 549|
+ 4|Becket ti|Lambourne 10| 73| |
+ 15|Beckford pa|Evesham 7| 106| 433|
+ 27|Beckham, East pa|Aylesham 9| 124| 50|
+ 27|Beckham, West pa| ... 9| 124| 156|
+ 41|Beckhampton[A] ti|Calne 6| 81| |
+ 24|Beckingham pa|Sleaford 14| 126| 43|
+ 30|Beckingham pa|Bawtry 10| 152| 481|
+ 34|Beckington[B] pa|Bath 10| 105| 1340|
+ 31|Beckley pa|Forest-hill 3| 53| 776|
+ 38|Beckley pa|Lamberhurst 16| 56| 1477|
+ 45|Beckwith Shaw |Ripley 5| 64| |
+ 44|Bedale[C] m.t. & pa|Richmond 10| 223| 2707|
+ +--+-----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BECKHAMPTON. Near this place is an enormous tumulus, perhaps the
+largest in England; it is called Silbury Hill, and common belief
+declares it the place of sepulchre of some British king. The two
+antiquaries, Greethead and Stukeley differ, as antiquaries frequently
+do, with regard to which of the British monarchs the honor of being
+supposed to lie beneath this stupendous monument should belong. The
+former learned writer asserting it to be that of Prydain, and the latter
+calling it that of Cynneda. Scattered over the neighbouring downs are
+numerous large stones called the Grey Wethers; they bear this name from
+their resemblance to a flock of sheep. Beckhampton Inn, stands at the
+junction of the two great Mail roads, leading from London to Bath; the
+southern road passing through Devizes and Melksham; and the northern
+through Calne and Chippenham. The inn is a large brick building, but has
+a most desolate appearance, according well with the character of the
+gloomy downs on the margin of which it stands; yet the traveller would
+do well to refresh here, as there is but little accommodation for many
+miles beyond.
+
+ The Falmouth Mail which passes through Devizes, arrives 5.5 morning;
+ departs 9.20 night. The Bristol Mail which passes through Calne,
+ arrives 5.5 morning; departs 9.35 night.
+
+[Sidenote: Silbury Hill.]
+
+
+[B] BECKINGTON was formerly a place of much importance in the clothing
+business, but the decline of that trade in the west of England has much
+reduced the town. It was the birth-place of Thomas Beckington, an
+English prelate, who was one of the three appointed to draw up a code of
+laws in conformity with which the Wickliffites were to be proceeded
+against. His book against the salique law is still in the possession of
+the Lambeth library.
+
+
+[C] BEDALE is a tolerably well built town, situated in a rich valley,
+which with the surrounding country is exceedingly fertile, and both corn
+and grass yield abundant crops. The town lies to the west of the Great;
+Glasgow road, about two miles from Leeming Lane. Hornby Castle, the seat
+of the Duke of Leeds, deserves the admiration of the tourist. Bedale
+church is a large and handsome edifice, and the tower is said to have
+been constructed with so much strength, as to enable the inhabitants to
+defend themselves therein, during the inroads of the Scots.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday; June 6 and
+ 7; July 5 and 6, for horses, cattle, sheep, leather, &c.; Oct. 11 and
+ 12, horned cattle, sheep, hogs and leather; and Monday-week before
+ Christmas, for horned cattle and sheep. The Glasgow Mail arrives at
+ Leeming Lane, two miles distant 7.54 evening; departs 4.58
+ morning.--_Inns_, Black Swan, and the Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Leeds.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ 13|Bedburn, North to|Durham |Bis. Auckld 6|Wolsingham 4|
+ 13|Bedburn, South to|Durham | ... 6| ... 4|
+ 50|Beddgelart[A] pa|Caernarvon|Caernarvon 12|Bettws 7|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+ 13|Bedburn, North to|Durham 12| 254| 387|
+ 13|Bedburn, South to| ... 12| 254| 296|
+ 50|Beddgelart[A] pa|Tan-y-Bwlch 8| 223| 1071|
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDDGELART, is situated in a beautiful tract of meadows, at the
+junction of three vales, near the conflux of the Glas Lyn, or Gwynant,
+or Nant hwynant, and the Colwyn, which flows through Nant Colwyn, a vale
+which leads to Caernarvon. Its situation was the fittest in the world,
+says Mr. Pennant, to inspire religious meditation, amid lofty mountains,
+woods, and murmuring streams. The church is small, yet the loftiest in
+Snowdonia. The east window consists of three narrow slips. The roof is
+neat, and there yet remains some very pretty fret work. A side chapel is
+supported by two neat pillars and gothic arches. This church has been
+conventual, belonging to a priory of Augustines, dedicated to the
+Virgin. They were probably of the class called Gilbertines, consisting
+of both men and women, living under the same roof, but divided by a
+wall, as a piece of ground near the church is called Dol y Llein (the
+meadow of the nun). No remnant of the priory however exists. The ground
+on the south side of the church seems to have been the spot whereon the
+buildings stood which the monks formerly inhabited. There are two or
+three arched doors on that side the church, through which probably the
+friars entered. The ancient mansion-house near the church might have
+been the residence of the prior. In this house is shown an old pewter
+mug, that will hold upwards of two quarts; and any person able to grasp
+it with one hand, while full of ale, and to drink it off at one draught,
+is entitled to the liquor gratis, and the tenant is to charge it to the
+lord of the manor as part payment of his rent. Tradition says, that
+Llewelyn the Great came to reside at Beddgelart during the hunting
+season, with his wife and children; and one day, the family being
+absent, a wolf had entered the house. On returning, his greyhound,
+called Ciliart, met him, wagging his tail, but covered with blood. The
+prince being alarmed, ran into the nursery, and found the cradle in
+which the child had lain covered with blood. Imagining the greyhound had
+killed the child, he immediately drew his sword and slew him, but on
+turning up the cradle, he found under it the child alive, and the wolf
+dead. This so affected the prince, that he erected a tomb over his
+faithful dog's grave, where, afterwards, the parish church was built,
+and called from this accident, Bedd-Cilihart, or the grave of Cilihart.
+In the Welch annals this region is styled the forest of Snowdon. It is a
+subject of great regret to most tourists, that many of the rocks which
+surround Beddgelart, though once covered with oaks, are now naked. One
+proprietor, however, is raising new plantations upon his estate.
+Snowdonia, though once a forest, contains now scarcely a tree. Salmon is
+very plentiful here, selling sometimes as low as three-farthings a
+pound; the average price is about four-pence. The best land lets at 20s.
+an acre; but the average of the neighbourhood is from 2s. 6d. to 5s.,
+with unlimited right of common upon the mountains. In this little plain
+is an almost inexhaustible turbary, or right of digging turf. There is a
+comfortable inn at this place, called Beddgelart Hotel. It is marked by
+the emblem of the goat, with the following appropriate motto. "Patria
+mea Petra." My country is a rock. The guide to the mountains is the
+harper of the house; or a resident in the village. William Lloyd, the
+schoolmaster of this place, was long noted as an intelligent "conductor
+to Snowdon, Moel Hebog, Dinas Emrys, Llanberis pass, the lakes,
+waterfalls, &c.; he was also a collector of crystals, fossils, and
+natural curiosities found in these regions. Dealer in superfine woollen
+hose, socks, gloves, &c.," but in the year 1804, he finally emerged from
+all sublunary avocations, to the regions beyond the grave. Opposite to
+the village of Beddgelart, is Moel Hebog (the hill of flight) which Lord
+Lyttelton ascended. [see Festiniog.] In a bog near that mountain, was
+found in 1784, a most curious brass shield, which was deposited with Mr.
+Williams, of Llanidan; its diameter was two feet two inches, the weight
+four pounds; in the centre was a plain umbo projecting above two inches;
+the surface was marked with twenty-seven smooth concentric elevated
+circles, and between each a depressed space of the same breadth with the
+elevated parts, marked by a single row of smooth studs. The whole shield
+was flat and very flexible. This was probably Roman, for the Welsh
+despised every species of defensive armour. In ascending the summit of
+Snowdon from this place, a neighbouring vale is passed, which is by far
+the most beautiful of the vales among these mountains. It is about six
+miles long, and affords a great variety of wood, lakes, and meadows. The
+vale of Llanberis is the only one which may be said to rival it; but
+their characters are so different, that they cannot with propriety be
+compared. On the left, about a mile and a half up the valley, is a lofty
+wood-clad rock, called the fort of Ambrosius, or Merlin Ermys, a
+magician who was sent for to this place from Caermarthen, by Vortigern,
+who was king of Britain from 449 to 466. Upon its summit is a level
+piece of ground, and the remains of a square fort; and upon the west
+side, facing Beddgelart, there are traces of a long wall. It stands
+detached from other rocks, and at a distance appears in the form of a
+man's hat. Adjoining is a stony tract called the cells or groves of the
+magicians. In the next field, a number of large stones are called the
+tombs of the magicians. It was to this place that Vortigern retired,
+when he found himself despised by his subjects, and unable to contend
+longer with the treacherous Saxons, whom he had introduced into his
+kingdom. It is probable that this insular rock afforded him a temporary
+residence till he removed to his final retreat in Nant Gwrtheyrn, or
+Vortigern's Valley. Speed says, probably without truth, that Vortigern
+married his own child by Rowena, daughter of Hengist, the Saxon prince,
+and had by her one son. There is a tradition, that Madog, the son of
+prince Owen Gwynedd, resided in this vale for some time before he left
+his country for America. The entrance from Beddgelart, is but the
+breadth of a narrow rugged road, close by the river's side, in which
+there is nothing inviting; but passing on, the traveller advances upon
+enchanted ground, where he finds extensive meadows, expanding at every
+turn of rock, smooth as a bowling green; beautiful lakes and meandering
+rivers, abounding in fish; mountains towering one above the other in
+succession, while to the left, Snowdon overtops them all, seeming like
+another Atlas, to support the firmament. Mr. Pennant, says he continued
+his walk along a narrow path above the lake, as far as the extremity;
+then descending, reached the opposite side, in order to encounter a
+third ascent, as arduous as the preceding. This brought him into the
+horrible crater immediately beneath the great precipice of Wyddfa; its
+situation is dreadful, surrounded by more than three parts of a circle,
+with the most horrible precipices of the highest peak of Snowdon. The
+strange break, called the pass of the Arrows, was probably a station for
+the hunters to watch the wandering of the deer. The margin of
+Ffynmon-las here appeared to be shallow and gravelly, the waters had a
+greenish cast, but what is very singular, the rocks reflected into them
+seemed varied with stripes of the richest colours, like the most
+beautiful lute-strings, and changed almost to infinity. Here he observed
+the wheat-ear, a small and seemingly tender bird, and yet almost the
+only small one, or indeed the only one, (except the rock-ouzel) that
+frequents these heights; the reason is evidently the want of food. The
+mountainous tract near Snowdon, scarcely yields any corn; the produce is
+cattle and sheep, which during summer they keep very high in the
+mountains, followed by their owners with their families, who reside
+during that season in their Havod-dai, or summer dwelling, or dairy
+houses, as the farmers in the Swiss Alps do in their Sennes. These
+houses consist of a long low room, with a hole at one end to let out the
+smoke, from the fire which is made beneath. Their furniture is very
+simple, stones are the substitutes for stools, and the beds are of hay,
+ranged along the sides: they manufacture their own clothes and dye them
+with plants, collected from the rocks. During summer, the men pass their
+time in harvest work, or tending their herds; the women in milking, or
+making butter and cheese of the milk for their own consumption. The diet
+of these mountaineers is very plain, consisting of butter, cheese and
+oat bread; their drink is whey, not but that they have their reserve of
+a few bottles of very strong beer, by way of cordial, in sickness. They
+are people of good understanding, wary, and circumspect; usually tall,
+thin, and of strong constitutions, from their way of living. Towards
+winter, they descend to their old dwelling, where they lead, during that
+season, a vacant life, in carding, spinning, knitting, &c. The height of
+Snowdon is 3571 feet.
+
+[Sidenote: Nant Colwyn.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient pewter mug.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition of a wolf and child.]
+
+[Sidenote: Guide to the mountains.]
+
+[Sidenote: Brass shield found.]
+
+[Sidenote: Groves of the magicians.]
+
+[Sidenote: Snowdon.]
+
+[Sidenote: The pass of the Arrows.]
+
+[Sidenote: The summer habits of the mountaineers.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+ 38|Beddingham pa|Sussex |Lewes 3|Seaford 8|
+ 37|Beddington pa & to|Surrey |Croydon 2|Sutton 3|
+ 36|Bedfield pa|Suffolk |Framlingham 5|Debenham 5|
+ 25|Bedfont, East pa|Middlesex|Staines 3|Hounslow 4|
+ 25|Bedfont, West pa|Middlesex| ... 3| ... 4|
+ 3|Bedfordshire[A] | | | |
+ +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------------+-----+
+ 38|Beddingham pa|Brighton 9| 53| 264|
+ 37|Beddington pa & to|Ewell 6| 11| 1429|
+ 36|Bedfield pa|Eye 9| 88| 323|
+ 25|Bedfont, East pa|Colnbrook 6| 13| 968|
+ 25|Bedfont, West pa|... 6| ... | |
+ 3|Bedfordshire[A] | | |95383|
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEDFORDSHIRE. This county, before the Roman invasion, was part of
+the district inhabited by a race of people whom the invaders denominated
+Cassii. Afterwards, in A.D. 310, it was a third part of the division
+named Flavia Caesariensis. After that, it was attached to the kingdom of
+Mercia. In 827 it became subject to the West Saxons. It was first called
+Bedfordshire in the reign of Alfred the Great, probably from Bedan
+Forda: i.e. The Fortress on the Ford; there being fortifications on the
+borders of the river Ouse. It is an inland county, bounded on the north
+by Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire; west by Buckinghamshire; south
+by Bucks and Herts; and east by Herts and Cambridgeshire. Its form
+approaches an irregular parallelogram, with many deep and almost
+isolated indentations. The extent is about 36 miles in the greatest
+length, and the greatest breadth about 22 miles; it contains 465 square
+miles; circumference about 95 miles. It is divided into 9 hundreds, 125
+parishes, 10 market towns, 58 vicarages, 550 villages, having a total
+population of 95,383 inhabitants. It belongs to the Norfolk circuit, and
+is in the diocese of Lincoln; subject to an archdeaconal jurisdiction,
+being divided into six deaneries. The climate is deemed mild and genial.
+The prevailing winds south westerly; the north east winds being regarded
+as indicating a cold summer and a severe winter. The soil is of an
+exceedingly mixed and varied character; but much the greatest portion is
+of a clayey nature, particularly in parts north of Bedford. The south
+districts are chalky. A slip extending diagonally from Woburn to near
+Biggleswade is a mixed sand; an almost equal portion from the vicinity
+of Biggleswade to the neighbourhood of Bedford, partakes of a rich
+gravelly soil; part of which, near the town of Biggleswade and village
+of Sandy, is successfully cultivated for the production of garden
+vegetables to a considerable extent. So peculiarly is that soil adapted
+for such produce, that it is in some instances let for more than L14.
+per acre; and generally from L4. to L9. may be considered as a fair rent
+for that luxuriant soil. There can be no standard or real average as to
+the value of land; as the value, like the soil itself, is exceedingly
+variable. Rivers.--The Ouse and the Ivel are the chief; both of which
+abound with fish of various kinds. The Ouse is remarkable for very great
+and sudden inundations. The Grand Junction Canal skirts this county at
+Leighton Buzzard. The natural produce consists chiefly in corn, garden
+vegetables, cheese and butter. There is a little ironstone, limestone,
+and a few extraneous fossils. There are several mineral springs, but
+none of any celebrity. The principal landed proprietor is the Duke of
+Bedford. His Grace possesses estates in about 25 parishes; under the
+auspices of whom and of his illustrious brother, the county is indebted
+for immense agricultural improvements.
+
+[Sidenote: An inland county.]
+
+[Sidenote: Climate mild.]
+
+[Sidenote: Value of the land.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ 3|Bedford[A] bo|Bedford |St. Albans 30|Oxford 55|
+ 22|Bedford to|Lancaster |Newton 7|Leigh 2|
+ 16|Bedhampton pa|Hants |Havant 1|Fareham 9|
+ 36|Bedingfield pa|Suffolk |Eye 4|Debenham 4|
+ 27|Bedingham pa|Norfolk |Bungay 4|Harleston 7|
+ 16|Bedlam pa|Gloucester|Cheltenham 2|Gloucester 7|
+ +---+---------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+ 3|Bedford[A] bo|Cambridge 30| 51| 6959|
+ 22|Bedford to|Bolton 7| 199| 3087|
+ 16|Bedhampton pa|Chichester 10| 66| 537|
+ 36|Bedingfield pa|Framlingham 9| 87| 332|
+ 27|Bedingham pa|Norwich 10| 106| 380|
+ 16|Bedlam pa|Tewkesbury 7| 96| |
+ +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDFORD. This is an ancient corporation, the earliest charter of
+which is dated in 1160. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen,
+two chamberlains, and thirteen common councilmen. Whoever may have been
+a mayor is always afterwards reputed as an alderman. The mayor and
+bailiffs are chosen annually out of the freemen. As early as the year
+1295, it sent two members to parliament. The Duke of Bedford takes his
+title from this town, which first gave title of duke to the victorious
+prince John Plantagenet, Regent of France, during the minority of his
+nephew, Henry VI. as it did in the reign of Edward IV. first to John
+Nevil, Marquis of Montacute, and then to the king's third son, George
+Plantagenet; but he dying an infant, the title lay vacant till Henry
+VII. created his uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, who also died
+without issue; and thus far the title was enjoyed by the first possessor
+only of each family. But King Edward VI. making John, Lord Russel, Earl
+of Bedford, the dignity has ever since been in that illustrious house,
+with an advancement of it to the title of Duke, by King William III. The
+history of the noble family of Russell is curious and interesting. They
+appear to have originated in Dorsetshire, and owe their greatness to an
+accident on that coast. In the reign of Henry VII., Philip, Archduke of
+Austria, being bound for Spain, the heiress of which kingdom he had
+married, was obliged by a storm to put on shore at Weymouth, where he
+was received by Sir Thomas Frenchard, of Wolverton, Knt., who, till he
+could inform the court of the event, sent for his neighbour Mr. John
+Russell, then lately returned from his travels, to entertain his
+illustrious guests. The Archduke was so pleased with his conversation,
+that he recommended him to the king of England, who soon advanced him to
+several honourable posts, and his son Henry VIII. created him Baron
+Russell of Cheneys, in the county of Bucks, which estate he afterwards
+acquired by marriage. He was made by Henry VIII. lord warden of the
+stannaries, and lord admiral of England and Ireland, knight of the
+garter, and lord privy seal. In the reign of Edward VI. he was lord high
+steward for the coronation, and had a grant of Woburn Abbey, and was in
+the 3rd of Edward VI. 1549, created earl of Bedford. He had the honour
+to conduct over to England, Philip of Spain, grandson to the prince who
+first brought him to court and advancement. He died 1554, and was
+succeeded by his son Francis, who died in 1585, and was buried at
+Cheneys, as were most of his descendants. His son Francis being killed a
+day or two before his father's death, by the Scotch in the marches, his
+son Edward succeeded his grandfather, and died 1627; he was succeeded by
+his cousin Francis, son of his uncle William, lord Russell, of
+Thornhaugh, lord deputy of Ireland, in the reign of Elizabeth. This
+Francis was the first projector of the draining of the great level of
+the fens, called after him, Bedford Level, and dying 1641, was succeeded
+by his eldest son William, who after having several times joined both
+parties during the civil war, at last adhered to the royal cause, and
+suffered a severe loss in the death of his only son by the very family
+whom he had supported; to compensate for which he was created by King
+William, Marquis of Tavistock, and Duke of Bedford, and dying in 1700,
+was succeeded by his grandson Wriothesley. He, in 1711, by his son and
+namesake, and he 1732, by his brother John, who, dying in 1771, was
+succeeded by his grandson Francis, the late duke, who died rather
+suddenly, of an illness occasioned by a rupture, on the 2nd of March,
+1802, in the 37th year of his age. His brother, Lord John Russell,
+succeeded him in his title and estates. This nobleman, so suddenly and
+unexpectedly raised to ducal honours, was born on the sixth of July,
+1766; and, on the 21st of March, 1786, before he had completed his
+twentieth year, he married at Brussels, Georgiana Elizabeth, the second
+daughter of Viscount Torrington. This lady died on the 11th of October,
+1801; leaving issue, Francis, born May 10, 1788; George William, born
+May 8, 1790; and John, born August 19, 1792. Shortly after his accession
+to the title, his grace married a second time, Georgiana, the fifth
+daughter of the duke of Gordon, by whom he had several children. After
+the death of Mr. Pitt, when Mr. Fox and his friends succeeded to power,
+his grace was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; a post which,
+without distinguishing himself as a party man, he filled to the entire
+and general satisfaction of the public. When Henry II. granted a charter
+to the burgesses of the town of Bedford, he rendered it subject to the
+payment of L40. per annum, as a fee-farm rent to the crown. Their
+mercantile guild and ancient privileges were confirmed by the succeeding
+monarch, who also granted new privileges and immunities similar to those
+enjoyed by the burgesses of Oxford. Richard II. granted still more
+extended privileges, and among others a view of Frankpledge within the
+borough. In this monarch's charter the corporation are styled the mayor,
+bailiffs, and burgesses. In the reign of Edward I. the liberties of the
+town were seized by that monarch, the bailiffs having neglected to
+discharge the fee-farm rent. In the reign of Henry VI. the town being
+much decayed, many houses gone to ruin, and the trade of it brought low,
+and the usual issues discontinued, the inhabitants petitioned the king
+to shew them his grace: accordingly he granted that the yearly rent
+should be remitted in part for a time. In the reign of Henry VII. it was
+permanently reduced, through the interposition of Sir Reginald Bray,
+then Prime Minister, to L20. per annum, and afterwards to L16. 5s. 8d.
+which rent is now payable to their successors. The last renewal of the
+charter of incorporation was in the reign of King James II. in whose
+time the mayor and aldermen were removed from their respective offices,
+by royal mandate, for neglecting to elect two burgesses to serve in
+parliament. The members were in consequence chosen by his Majesty's
+ministers. The right of election was determined in 1690, to be in the
+burgesses, freemen, and inhabitant householders not receiving alms. The
+number of voters is nearly 500. Bedford is a place of great antiquity,
+and is supposed by some writers to have been the Lactidorum of
+Antoninus; but Camden objects to this, on the ground that the town is
+not situated on any Roman road, neither have any Roman coins been found
+there. Its situation is upon the Ouse, by which it is divided into two
+parts, in the direction of east and west. This circumstance enables it
+to carry on a considerable trade with Lynn. In the Saxons' time, Bedford
+was a place of considerable consequence: as appears from its having been
+chosen by Offa, the powerful King of the Mercians, for his burial place.
+His bones were interred in a small chapel, which being situated on the
+brink of the river Ouse, was afterwards undermined and swept away by the
+floods, during an inundation. Bedford, as has been already stated, was
+also famous for a victory gained in the year 572, by Cuthwlf, the Saxon
+king, over the Britons. The Danes once destroyed this town; but Edward
+the Elder repaired it, and united the town on the south side of the
+river, called Mikesgate, to Bedford, on the north side of it; since
+which they have both gone by this name. After the conquest, Pain de
+Beauchamp, the third Baron of Bedford, built a castle here, encompassed
+with a mighty rampart of earth, and a high wall, the whole so strong
+that King Stephen, who besieged and took it in his war with the Empress
+Maud, was glad to grant the garrison honourable terms. In the barons'
+wars it was again besieged, and for want of relief, taken by King John's
+forces under Fulco de Brent, to whom the King gave it for a reward; but
+for his subsequent behaviour he took it from him, and caused it to be
+demolished, though it was not quite level till the reign of Henry III.
+The celebrated John Bunyan, whom we shall notice hereafter, was ordained
+co-pastor of the congregation of St. Peter's, in 1671, and continued in
+that situation until he died in 1688. The chair in which he used to sit
+is still preserved as a relic in the vestry of the chapel. As early as
+the year 1745, the Moravians, or society of Unitas Fratrum, had an
+establishment at Bedford, where they built a neat chapel in 1750. Of
+late years, however, the number of these recluse and inoffensive
+sectaries has considerably declined; and the house adjoining to the
+chapel, which was formerly appropriated to the brethren and the sisters
+of the society, has been converted into a school. In the year 1556, Sir
+William Harper founded a free school in Bedford, for the instruction of
+children of the town in grammar and good manners. The school-house was
+rebuilt in 1767, when a statue of the founder was placed in the front,
+with a latin inscription beneath, to the following effect:--
+
+ "Behold, Traveller, the Bodily Resemblance
+ Of Sir William Harper, Knight;
+ Of this School,
+ Thus spacious and Adorned,
+ The Munificent Founder,
+ The Picture of His Mind,
+ Is Dedicated in the Table of Benefactions."
+
+The warden and fellows of New College, Oxford, are visitors of this
+school, and have the appointment of the masters and ushers. The master's
+salary is L260. with coals and candles; that of the second master is
+L160., with the same allowance of fire and candle. The writing-master
+has a salary of L80. per annum. Sir William Harper, for the support of
+this excellent institution, conveyed to the corporation thirteen acres
+and one rood of land, lying in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, which
+he had purchased for the sum of L180.; he also conveyed his late
+dwelling-house, &c., at Bedford. The revenues of these estates were also
+to be applied towards apportioning maidens of the town on their entrance
+into the marriage estate. In the year 1660, the corporation leased the
+whole of the lands in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, for the term of
+41 years, at the yearly rent of L99. In the year 1684, a reversionary
+lease was granted for the further term of 51 years, at the improved rent
+of L150. In consequence of granting these leases, a great number of
+houses were built, and the following streets covered the above-mentioned
+thirteen acres of meadow land:--Bedford-street, Bedford-row,
+Bedford-court, Princes-street, Theobald's-road, North-street,
+East-street, Lamb's Conduit-street, Queen-street, Eagle-street,
+Boswell-court, Queen-street, Harper-street, Richbell-court, Hand-court,
+Gray's Inn-passage, Three Cup-yard, &c. The annual rent of these
+buildings is now considerably increased, and it is expected that in a
+few years it will amount to upwards of L30,000. This extraordinary
+increase of revenue occasioned the trustees to apply to parliament for
+two several acts to regulate its disposal, and to extend the objects of
+the charity. By the priorism contained in these acts of parliament, the
+maintenance of the master and usher of the grammar-school, and the
+maintenance of a master, and two ushers to the English school, is
+provided. Three exhibitions of L40. per annum, are given to scholars
+from the free school, either at Oxford or Cambridge, during the space of
+six years. The sum of L800. per annum is appropriated for marriage
+portions, to be given by lot in sums of L20. each, to forty poor maidens
+of Bedford, of good fame and reputation, not under sixteen years of age,
+and not exceeding fifty. They are not to marry within two months after
+receiving the marriage portion, otherwise to forfeit it. The men to whom
+they are to be married must not be vagrants or persons of bad fame or
+reputation. A yearly sum of L3,000. per annum is also appropriated by
+the last act, for the maintenance of twenty-six boys in an hospital or
+school of industry, and L700. to be laid out in apprentice fees for
+fifteen poor boys and five girls, to be chosen by lot. The trustees have
+likewise been enabled to build alms-houses for a number of poor men and
+women. The weekly allowance to each is 3s., and 40s. annually for
+clothing. If a poor man and his wife live together, they are allowed to
+the amount of 5s. per week. One hundred pounds per annum is appropriated
+to be given in sums of L5. each, to twenty poor girls upon their going
+out to service. The residue of the income is to be laid out in
+buildings, and in endowing more alms-houses, or building cottages to be
+let at a low rent to the poor. Here are also a house of industry, and an
+infirmary, which are well supported. Lace-making employs a great number
+of the lower classes, both in the town and county of Bedford. The lace
+is chiefly made by women; and children at the early age of four years
+are set down to it. On certain days, the persons appointed by the
+dealers collect the lace of the different villages, and convey it to the
+London market. A strong stone bridge connects the northern and southern
+parts of the town. "This bridge," says Grose, "is one hundred and
+sixteen yards in length, four and a half broad, and has a parapet three
+feet and a half high; this, it is said, was erected in the reign of
+Queen Mary, out of the ruins of St. Dunstan's church, which stood on the
+south side of the bridge. It has seven arches, and near the centre were
+two gate-houses; that on the north, being used for a prison, and that on
+the south served as a store-house for the arms and ammunition of the
+troops quartered here. These gate-houses were taken down in the year
+1765, and six lamps set up on posts at proper distances." The town-hall,
+or sessions-house, in which the assizes for the county are holden, is
+situated in an area before St. Paul's church. It was erected in the year
+1753, and is a capacious and handsome structure.
+
+ _Markets_, Tuesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, First Tuesday in Lent,
+ April 21, July 5, Aug. 21, Oct. 11, and Dec. 19, for all kinds of
+ cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 1.14 morning; departs 2.54
+ afternoon.--_Banker_, Thomas Barnard, draws on Kay and Co.--_Inns_,
+ George, and Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Very ancient corporation.]
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of the Bedford family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bedford Level.]
+
+[Sidenote: First charter granted by Henry II.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Offa buried here.]
+
+[Sidenote: John Bunyan.]
+
+[Sidenote: Noble charity, founded by Sir William Harper.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its revenues.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alms-houses.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lace-making, the chief trade.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+--------+---------------+------------+
+ 29|Bedlington[A] pa|Durham |Morpeth 4|Blyth 14|
+ 21|Bedmanton ham|Kent |Sittingbourne 5|Lenham 3|
+ 34|Bedminster pa|Somerset|Bristol 1|Dundry 3|
+ 35|Bednall to|Stafford|Penkridge 3|Rugeley 7|
+ 33|Bedston pa|Salop |Knighton 4|Ludlow 11|
+ 26|Bedwas pa|Monmouth|Newport 10|Cardiff 9|
+ 3|Bedwall Green ham|Bedford |Dunstable 2|Toddington 3|
+ 26|Bedwelty pa|Monmouth|Newport 16|Pontypool 10|
+ +--+-----------------+--------+---------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+------------+
+ 29|Bedlington[A] pa|Newcastle 12| 286| 2120|
+ 21|Bedmanton ham|Maidstone 8| 42| |
+ 34|Bedminster pa|Weston 19| 119| 13130|
+ 35|Bednall to|Stafford 4| 134| |
+ 33|Bedston pa|Bishops' Cas. 10| 153| 159|
+ 26|Bedwas pa|Pontypool 10| 158| 756|
+ 3|Bedwall Green ham|Hockliffe 5| 36| |
+ 26|Bedwelty pa|Abergavenn. 14| 159| 10637|
+ +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDLINGTON, though within the county of Northumberland, belongs to
+Chester ward, in the county of Durham. It lies between the rivers
+Wansbeck and Blythe. The monks of Durham, in their flight to
+Lindisfarne, before the arms of the Conqueror, with the incorruptible
+body of St. Cuthbert, rested all night here. The Rev. Francis Woodmas,
+the expositor of St. Chrysostom, was vicar here from 1696 to 1710. The
+Bedlington blast furnace, for smelting iron, was some years since taken
+down. At the Bebside and Bedlington Mills, about fifty men are employed.
+An unsuccessful attempt was a few years ago made to establish a
+manufactory of printed cottons at Stannington bridge, in this
+neighbourhood.
+
+[Sidenote: Blast furnaces.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------+---------+-------------+---------------+
+ 41|Bedwin, Great[A] pa|Wilts |Marlborough 7|Ramsbary 5|
+ 41|Bedwin, Little pa|Wilts | ... 8| ... 4|
+ 39|Bedworth pa|Warwick |Nuneaton 4|Longford 2|
+ 23|Beeby pa|Leicester|Leicester 6|Houghton 3|
+ 35|Beech to|Warwick |Stafford 7|Eccleshall 6|
+ 4|Beech Hill ti|Berks |Reading 7|Aldermaston 5|
+ 41|Beechingstoke pa|Wilts |Devizes 5|Pewsey 5|
+ 38|Beeding, Upper pa|Sussex |Steyning 1|Shoreham 5|
+ 38|Beeding, Lower ti|Sussex | ... 2| ... 5|
+ 4|Beedon pa|Berks |E. Ilsley 3|Newbury 7|
+ 43|Beeford pa & to|E.R. York|Driffield 7|Bridlington 10|
+ 10|Beeley chap|Derby |Bakewell 3|Chesterfield 10|
+ 21|Beelsby pa|Lincoln |Caistor 5|Grimsby 7|
+ 4|Beenham pa|Berks |Reading 8|Newbury 9|
+ 11|Beer chap|Devon |Colyton 3|Honiton 10|
+ 34|Beer |Somerset |Bridgewater 4|Stowey 5|
+ 11|Beerhall |Devon |Bridport 8|Honiton 10|
+ 11|Beeralston[B] to|Devon |Tavistock 6|Plymouth 7|
+ +--+-------------------+---------+-------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+---------+
+ 41|Bedwin, Great[A] pa|Hungerford 6| 71| 2191|
+ 41|Bedwin, Little pa| ... 5| 70| 587|
+ 39|Bedworth pa|Coventry 5| 96| 3980|
+ 23|Beeby pa|Melton 9| 104| 120|
+ 35|Beech to|Newcastle 8| 141| |
+ 4|Beech Hill ti|Kingsclere 7| 46| 249|
+ 41|Beechingstoke pa|Lavington 6| 86| 187|
+ 38|Beeding, Upper pa|Brighton 10| 51| 589|
+ 38|Beeding, Lower ti| ... 10| 51| 533|
+ 4|Beedon pa|Hungerford 12| 57| 306|
+ 43|Beeford pa & to|Beverley 13| 196| 894|
+ 10|Beeley chap|Matlock 6| 150| 441|
+ 21|Beelsby pa|Louth 18| 164| 158|
+ 4|Beenham pa|Pangbourn 6| 47| 360|
+ 11|Beer chap|Sidmouth 7| 153| |
+ 34|Beer |Watchet 14| 143| |
+ 11|Beerhall |Crewkerne 14| 147| |
+ 11|Beeralston[B] to|Saltash 4| 213| |
+ +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BEDWIN was a market-town, and supposed by Stukeley to have been the
+Leucomagus of the Romans; it certainly was a chief city of the Saxons,
+who built a castle there. It was a borough by prescription, sending two
+members to parliament, and is governed by a portreeve, and exercises
+many of its original rights, although considerably reduced in
+population. The church, a cruciform building of flints, with a central
+tower, is ancient and curious in itself, and for the monuments which it
+contains. The obtusely pointed arches of the nave, ornamented with
+zig-zag and billetted mouldings, rest on capitals, richly adorned with
+flowers, grotesque heads, and other figures. In the south transept are
+two tombs, which commemorate Adam and Roger de Stocre, Lords, according
+to Leland, of "Stoke Haulle thereby." The chancel contains the noble
+altar monument of Sir John Seymour, of Wolphall, father of the
+Protector, Somerset, and other distinguished persons. Near this tomb are
+two brass plates, on one of which is the figure of a lady, with her
+hands folded, and the inscription--"Julia Seymour;" the other
+commemorates a son of Sir John Seymour. The manor of Bedwin, which once
+belonged to Gilbert, Earl of Clare, husband of Anna d'Acres, was
+purchased by the late Earl of Aylesbury. This place gave birth, in 1621,
+to Dr. Thomas Willis, a learned physician, who wrote several works on
+his art, was appointed physician in ordinary to Charles II., and died of
+pleurisy in 1675. On Castle-hill is an entrenchment, in area two acres,
+with some foundations, supposed to be those of a castle, founded by the
+Saxons. Chisbury Castle is an entrenchment more than fifteen acres in
+extent, supposed to have been begun by the Britons, and sometime
+occupied by the Romans. The neighbouring village of Little Bedwin has a
+church built of flints, in the Anglo-Norman style of architecture, with
+a nave, aisles, chancel, and tower.
+
+ _Market_, formerly Tuesday (disused).--_Fairs_, April 23, and July
+ 26, for horses, cows, and sheep.
+
+[Sidenote: Monument of Julia Seymour, sister to Lady Jane Grey.]
+
+
+[B] BEERALSTON. This place once had the privilege of sending two members
+to parliament. It is chiefly inhabited by labourers employed in
+agriculture and mining. The borough was under the influence of the Earl
+of Beverley. The right of election was vested in those who had land in
+the borough, and paid three-pence acknowledgment to the Lord of the
+Manor, who varied the number of electors at his pleasure, by granting
+burgage-tenures, which were generally resigned when the election was
+concluded, to as many of his partisans as were requisite. The portreeve,
+chosen annually in the Lord's court, was the returning-officer. The
+first members were returned in the twenty-seventh of Elizabeth. Risdon
+mentions that Beare was bestowed by William the Conqueror on a family
+descended from the house of Alencon in France, and that it still
+continues its name under the corruption of Bere-Alson. In the reign of
+Henry II., Henry Ferrers had a castle here, which came to the possession
+of his descendant Martin Ferrers, the last of the house, in the time of
+Edward III. The manor then came to the Champernounes, and passed
+respectively through the families of Willoughby, Mountjoy, Maynard, and
+Stamford, to the present possessor, the Duke of Northumberland. In this
+place are several lead-mines, now of inconsiderable value, though
+sometimes impregnated with silver; but in the reign of Edward I., it is
+said, that in the space of three years 1,600 pounds weight of silver was
+obtained. Since that time no considerable quantity has ever been
+procured.
+
+[Sidenote: Electioneering abuses.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. |County. | Number of Miles from |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+ 34|Berecrocombe pa|Somerset |Ilminster 5|Taunton 7|
+ 11|Bere Ferris[A] pa|Devon |Saltash 3|Plymouth 6|
+ 12|Bere Hacket pa|Devon |Sherborne 4|Yeovil 4|
+ 12|Bere Regis[B] m.t. & pa|Dorset |Wareham 7|Blandford 9|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles from |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+ 34|Berecrocombe pa|Somerton 12| 135| 182|
+ 11|Bere Ferris[A] pa|Tavistock 8| 215| 1876|
+ 12|Bere Hacket pa|Beaminster 12| 121| 110|
+ 12|Bere Regis[B] m.t. & pa|Dorchester 12| 113| 1170|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BERE FERRIS. This parish is situated south by west from Tavistock.
+Here, observes Risdon, "lieth Ley, the ancient possession of a family so
+called, whence the name tooke that honor; for from hence Sir James Ley,
+Knt., Lord Chief Justice of England, and High Treasurer, created
+afterwards Earle of Marlborough, descended; a lawgiver in the chief
+place of justice, and a preserver of venerable antiquity, whose noble
+thoughts were so fixed on virtue, and his discourses embellished with
+wisdome, and his heart with integrity, that his words did never bite,
+nor his actions wrong any man, to give him just cause of complaynt."
+Amongst several ancient monuments in Bere-Ferris Church, is one under an
+arched recess, of a cross-legged knight half inclined on his right side,
+with his right hand on his sword; and another of a knight and his lady,
+under a richly ornamented arch in the chancel. Among the figures painted
+on the east window is that of William Ferrers, who was probably the
+builder of this fabric, as he is represented kneeling, and holding the
+model of a church in his hand.
+
+[Sidenote: A honest lawyer.]
+
+
+[B] BERE REGIS is situated in the Blandford division of the county. Drs.
+Stukeley and Coker conjecture that this place was the site of a Roman
+station; an opinion which is confirmed by a large entrenchment upon
+Woodbury Hill, about half a mile north-east of the parish. The area of
+this place, which contains about ten acres, is surrounded by triple
+ramparts, that in some places are high and deep. On the summit, which
+commands a very extensive prospect, a fair is annually holden. This fair
+begins on the Nativity of the Virgin, and continues through the five
+following days: though of late years it has much decreased; it was once
+the most considerable in the west of England. Queen Elfrida, to whom the
+manor belonged, is said to have retired to her seat in this place, after
+the murder of her son-in-law, Edward the Martyr. King John also appears
+to have made it his residence. In the reign of Henry III. the manor was
+bestowed on Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester; but, as a consequence
+attending his rebellion, it was taken from him, and granted to the
+King's brother, Edmund. Edmund gave a moiety of it to the Abbess of
+Tarent, who, in the reign of Edward I. claimed for her manor of Bere a
+fair, a market, a free-warren, and the whole forest of Bere. Her moiety
+of these was granted her. At the dissolution, Henry VIII., for the sum
+of L680. 16s. 8d. granted the manor to Robert Turberville, to whose
+ancestors the other moiety had belonged for ages. The mansion of the
+Turbervilles still remains: it is an ancient irregular structure, built
+with stone, and its windows contain various quarterings of the
+Turberville family and its alliances. Bere Regis, though it does not
+appear ever to have been represented in parliament, was incorporated in
+the time of Edward I. Its market is ancient, as appears from King John's
+having confirmed it to the inhabitants. The church is a large and
+handsome structure, and contains numerous monuments of the Turberville
+and other families. The town of Bere Regis has suffered twice by fire:
+once in 1634, and again in 1788. After the latter fire the inhabitants
+found shelter in the booths erected for the fair. The most distinguished
+natives of the place have been James Turberville, Bishop of Exeter, and
+John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fair_, September 18.
+
+[Sidenote: The residence of Queen Elfrida.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. |County. |Number of Miles from |
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------
+ 9|Bees, St.[A] to & pa|Cumberland|Egremont 3|Whitehaven 4|
+ 24|Beesby pa|Lincoln |Louth 9|Grimsby 9|
+ 24|Beesby in the Marsh, pa|Lincoln |Alford 3|Saltfleet 10|
+ 3|Beeston to|Bedford |Biggleswade 3|Tempsford 3|
+ +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles from |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+ 9|Bees, St.[A] to & pa|Buttermere 13| 296| 517|
+ 24|Beesby pa|M. Raisin 12| 158| 99|
+ 24|Beesby in the Marsh, pa|Louth 9| 144| 132|
+ 3|Beeston to|Bedford 8| 48| 258|
+ +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEES, (ST.) This ancient village is situated in the Ward of
+Allerdale, west by north from Egremont. It is understood to have derived
+its name and origin from a religious house, which was founded here about
+the year 650, by St. Bega, an Irish nun of great sanctity. On the death
+of Bega, a church was erected in honour of her virtues; but both these
+establishments having been destroyed by the Danes, William, son of
+Ranulph de Meschines, replaced them by a new foundation of Benedictine
+monks, and made it a cell to the Abbey of St. Mary at York: in the time
+of Henry I. The manor was granted after the dissolution to Sir Thomas
+Chaloner, by Edward VI. in the last year of his reign. It next became
+the property of a family named Wyberg, from whom, under a fore-closed
+mortgage, it passed to an ancestor of the Earl of Lonsdale, about the
+year 1663. St. Bees church, which was erected about the time of Henry
+I., had the form of a cross, and great part of it is yet standing. The
+east-end is unroofed, and in ruins: the nave, however, is fitted up as
+the parish church, and the cross aisle is used as a place of sepulchre.
+The ancient chancel has narrow lancet windows, ornamented with double
+mouldings, and pilasters, with rich capitals. At the east end are
+niches, of a singular form, with pointed arches, supported on well
+proportioned pillars, having capitals adorned with rich engravings. The
+whole edifice is of red free-stone. A free grammar school was founded in
+the village of St. Bees by Archbishop Girandal, under a charter from
+Queen Elizabeth, towards the close of the sixteenth century. This
+prelate was born in the neighbouring village of Helsingham, in the year
+1519. He was educated at Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship at
+Pembroke Hall. Being attached to the principles of the Reformation,
+Bishop Ridley made him his chaplain, and precentor of St. Pauls. He was
+also appointed chaplain to the King, and prebendary of Westminster; but
+on the accession of Mary he retired to Germany, and settled at
+Strasburgh. When Elizabeth ascended the throne he returned home, and was
+employed in revising the Litany. In 1559 he was chosen master of
+Pembroke Hall, and the same year preferred to the see of London, from
+whence, in 1570 he was translated to York, and in 1575 to Canterbury.
+Two years afterwards he was suspended from his archiepiscopal functions,
+for refusing to obey the Queen's order to suppress prophecyings, or the
+associations of the clergy to expound the Scriptures. His sequestration
+was taken off, though he never completely recovered the royal favour. He
+died at Croydon, 1583. He contributed to Fox's acts and monuments. James
+I. afterwards increased the endowments, which have been since augmented
+by divers benefactors. Several scholars of great eminence have received
+the rudiments of education in this seminary. It is remarkable, however,
+that, till a few years ago, the school had not undergone any material
+change since its foundation. Occasional repairs were indeed found
+absolutely necessary for the support of the buildings, but no
+improvement seems ever to have been attempted. Through the munificence
+of the Earl of Lonsdale this long respected seminary has been put into
+complete order, and made more suitable to the purpose intended by the
+pious founder than it had been at any time since its erection. Exclusive
+of what has been done at the spacious school-room, the library is
+rendered more commodious. The master's house, which adjoins the school,
+has been enlarged, some parts of it rebuilt, a good garden well walled
+round, and the whole made a very comfortable and eligible residence.
+
+[Sidenote: Early history.]
+
+[Sidenote: Archbishop Girandal.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. |County. |Number of Miles from
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------
+ 7|Beeston[A] to|Chester |Nantwich 7|Tarporley 2|
+ 27|Beeston pa|Norfolk |Swaffham 7|E. Dereham 6|
+ 30|Beeston pa|Nottingham|Nottingham 4|Chilwell 1|
+ 45|Beeston chap|W.R. York |Leeds 2|Birstall 5|
+ 27|Beeston, St. Andrew p|Norfolk |Norwich 4|Worstead 9|
+ 27|Beeston, St. Lawren. p|Norfolk |Coltishall 4| ... 3|
+ 27|Beeston Regis pa|Norfolk |Cromer 4|Holt 7|
+ 40|Beethom[B] pa & to|Westmorlnd|Burton 4|Millthorpe 1|
+ 27|Beetley pa|Norfolk |E. Dereham 4|Foulsham 6|
+ 31|Begbrook pa|Oxford |Woodstock 3|Oxford 6|
+ 34|Beggerielge ham|Somerset |Bath 4|Frome 9|
+ +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ | |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles from |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 7|Beeston[A] to|Whitchurch 14| 171| 434|
+ 27|Beeston pa|Castle Acre 5| 100| 702|
+ 30|Beeston pa|Ashby 16| 124| 2530|
+ 45|Beeston chap|Huddersfield 9| 190| 2128|
+ 27|Beeston, St. Andrew p|Acle 9| 113| 49|
+ 27|Beeston, St. Lawren. p|Norwich 11| 120| 52|
+ 27|Beeston Regis pa|Cley 8| 126| 246|
+ 40|Beethom[B] pa & to|Kendal 10| 252| 1639|
+ 27|Beetley pa|Fakenham 9| 104| 381|
+ 31|Begbrook pa|Islip 5| 60| 102|
+ 34|Beggerielge ham|Beckington 6| 110| ...|
+ +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEESTON. Near this village are the remains of a castle, once deemed
+impregnable; it is situated on a sandstone rock, 366 feet in
+perpendicular height. So strong was this fortress considered, that it
+became a proverb in the neighbourhood to say, "It is as strong as
+Beeston Castle." The area contains five acres, and was rendered
+unapproachable by means of a very wide ditch. In the reign of Charles I.
+it underwent a lengthened siege, or rather blockade, for all
+communications were cut off with the neighbourhood for a long term; at
+last it was compelled to surrender, and the parliament ordered it to be
+dismantled. During the period of the threatened invasion of the French,
+in 1803, this castle was fixed upon by the lieutenancy of the county, as
+the site for a signal station and beacon. The ancient and craggy walls
+are beautifully mantled over with a luxuriant covering of ivy, and the
+base of the hill abounds with several varieties of rare plants. The well
+of the castle is nearly 300 feet deep, and the peasantry firmly believe
+that it contains a vast store of riches, which have been thrown into it
+during the civil wars. A mineral spring was discovered here a few years
+ago. The inhabitants of Chester consider it a favourite holiday
+indulgence to visit this castle in a pleasure excursion; and by
+application to an old woman in the village, who may be considered the
+female warden of the place, travellers can be conducted to the summit of
+the building. The views from the ramparts are beautiful, extending over
+the whole Vale Royal of Cheshire, to the estuaries of the rivers Mersey
+and Dee: that side of the hill which forms a precipice rises
+perpendicularly 160 feet from the base of the elevation, and upon
+looking down from the high pinnacle of the castle wall, it is sufficient
+to call to remembrance the sublime poetic effusion of our immortal
+bard:--
+
+ "How fearful
+ And dizzy 'tis, to cast ones eyes so low,
+ The crows and choughs, that wing the mid-way air,
+ Shew scarce as gross as beetles.
+
+ I'll look no more,
+ Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight,
+ Topple down headlong."
+
+[Sidenote: Castle on a rock.]
+
+[Sidenote: A favourite place of resort.]
+
+
+[B] BEETHOM. This mountainous and highly interesting parish is situated
+in the Kendal Ward, at the south-western extremity of the county of
+Westmoreland, on both sides of estuaries of the river Kent, which is
+navigable for small craft as far as the hamlet of Storch, and comprises
+the chapelries of Witherslack, and the townships of Beetham, Farleton,
+Haverbrack, and Methop, with Ulpha. The parish church is dedicated to
+St. Michael, the patron saint of mountainous and hilly parishes: it is a
+neat building, situated in a fine vale, or holm ground, commanding the
+richest variety of wood, water, and rocky scenery. Here are two fine old
+monuments to the memory of Thomas de Beetham and his lady, who lived in
+the reign of Richard III. Here was anciently a chapel, dedicated to St.
+John, and near it, in a garden, a considerable number of human bones
+were dug up; it was situated about forty yards from the present
+school-house. Some few years since a mole cast up an amber bead, and
+with it an oval piece of silver, about the size of a shilling; it was
+perforated through the middle, and on one side was an impression of the
+crucifixion, with the letters J.N.R.J.; on the right of which was a
+crescent, and on the left a rising sun; at the bottom, the Virgin Mary,
+in a weeping attitude: on the reverse, a lamb, with a standard, and St.
+Andrews' cross. The parsonage, or rectory-house, which stood on the
+north-east corner of the churchyard, was formerly called the college of
+St. Mary's. The Hilton family had also a handsome house near this spot,
+which was enlarged and improved by George Hilton, an eccentric squire,
+and well known character in this neighbourhood about the commencement of
+the last century. This George Hilton was a Roman Catholic, and joined
+the Scotch rebels in 1715, upon whose defeat he made his escape, but was
+pardoned by the act of grace the year following, and afterwards retired
+to a house which he built at the south end of Beethom Park. Mr. Hutton,
+the historian of this place, says, "that he discovered a diary, in an
+old chest, which was kept by this gentleman, taken by himself every
+night, but which was afterwards lost. 'On Sunday, (says he in one
+place,) I vowed to abstain from three things during the ensuing week
+(Lent), viz. women, eating of flesh, and drinking of wine; but, alas!
+the frailty of good resolutions. I broke them all! Conversed with a
+woman--was tempted to eat the wing of a fowl--and got drunk at
+Milnthorp.'" Of this parish the Rev. William Hutton was vicar, who wrote
+a folio book of collections for its history, which he deposited in the
+vestry for the information of posterity, with blank pages to be filled
+up as materials should occur. He was an amiable man, and an
+indefatigable antiquarian. The old manor house, called the Hall of
+Beethom, was a fine old castellated mansion, but now unfortunately in
+ruins. One large apartment in this castle is still called the hall, and
+according to the laudable practice of ancient hospitality, was devoted
+to the purpose of entertaining the friends and dependants of the family:
+and hence came the proverb--
+
+ "'Tis merry in the hall When beards wag all."
+
+The remains of a room, formerly used as a chapel, still exist; and the
+ruins of this fine mansion are of considerable extent. The ruins of
+another hall in this parish are also to be seen in Cappleside Demesne,
+consisting of a front and two wings, comprising an extent of 117 feet of
+frontage. Also an ancient tower, now in ruins, called Helslack Tower:
+and another tower, called Arnside Tower; equally neglected. These towers
+seem to have been intended to guard the Bay of Morecambe, as similar
+buildings are erected on the opposite side of the river. A grammar
+school was founded here in 1663, and rebuilt in 1827. It has an
+endowment of about L40. a year, arising out of lands bequeathed for the
+instruction of fifty poor boys.
+
+[Sidenote: George Hilton, an eccentric character.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Hall.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ 57|Begelley pa|Pembroke |Narbeth 4|Tenby 4|
+ 58|Beggars' Bush |Radnor |Knighton 8|Presteign 2|
+ 31|Beggars' Bush |Oxford |Nettlebed 4|Benson 2|
+ 58|Beguildy pa|Radnor |Knighton 6|New Radnor 12|
+ 21|Beigham |Kent p |Lamberhurst 3|Tunb. Wells 3|
+ 10|Beighton pa|Derby |Chesterfield 10|Sheffield 7|
+ 27|Beighton pa|Norfolk |Acle 2|Loddon 6|
+ 36|Beighton pa|Suffolk |Bury 6|Woolpit 2|
+ 46|Beilby to & chap|E.R. York |Pocklington 4|M. Weighton 6|
+ 27|Belaugh pa|Norfolk |Norwich 8|Worstead 5|
+ 9|Belbank to|Cumberland|Brampton 10|Carlisle 15|
+ +--+----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 57|Begelley pa|Pembroke 14| 257| 996|
+ 58|Beggars' Bush |New Radnor 6| 153| |
+ 31|Beggars' Bush |Wallingford 3| 44| |
+ 58|Beguildy pa|Bettws 4| 171| 1043|
+ 21|Beigham |Brenchley 5| 38| |
+ 10|Beighton pa|Eckington 2| 155| 980|
+ 27|Beighton pa|Norwich 9| 118| 262|
+ 36|Beighton pa|Stow Market 8| 71| 238|
+ 46|Beilby to & chap|York 13| 192| 239|
+ 27|Belaugh pa|Coltishall 2| 116| 151|
+ 9|Belbank to|Longtown 13| 321| 485|
+ +--+----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 9|Belbank to|Cumberland|Brampton 7|Carlisle 12|
+ 42|Belbroughton pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove 5|Stourbridge 5|
+ 46|Belby to|E.R. York |Howden 1|South Cave 11|
+ 12|Belchalwell pa|Dorset |Blandford 7|Sturminster 3|
+ 14|Belchamp Oten pa|Essex |Headingham 5|Sudbury 5|
+ 14|Belchamp, St. Pauls p|Essex |... 6|... 6|
+ 14|Belchamp Wallers[A] pa|Essex |... 6|... 3|
+ 24|Belchford pa|Lincoln |Horncastle 5|Louth 8|
+ 29|Belford[B] m.t. & pa|Northumb. |Newcastle 49|Alnwick 5|
+ 30|Belgh ham|Nottingham|Worksop 5|Ollerton 6|
+ 23|Belgrave pa|Leicester |Leicester 2|Loughboro' 9|
+ 29|Bellasis to|Northumb. |Morpeth 5|Newcastle 10|
+ 46|Bellasize to|E.R. York |Howden 5|South Cave 7|
+ 18|Bell Bar |Herts |Barnet 6|Hatfield 3|
+ 24|Belleau[C] pa|Lincoln |Alford 3|Louth 8|
+ +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-----+-------+
+ 9|Belbank to|Longtown 9| 318| 127|
+ 42|Belbroughton pa|Kidderminst 7| 121| 1489|
+ 46|Belby to|Hull 23| 181| 44|
+ 12|Belchalwell pa|Shaftesbury 10| 110| 205|
+ 14|Belchamp Oten pa|Clare 4| 53| 397|
+ 14|Belchamp, St. Pauls p| ... 3| 54| 808|
+ 14|Belchamp Wallers[A] pa| ... 5| 53| 670|
+ 24|Belchford pa|Spilsby 10| 141| 490|
+ 29|Belford[B] m.t. & pa|Berwich 15| 322| 2030|
+ 30|Belgh ham|Mansfield 7| 143| |
+ 23|Belgrave pa|Derby 26| 100| 2329|
+ 29|Bellasis to|Blyth 8| 284| |
+ 46|Bellasize to|Blacktoft 3| 185| 189|
+ 18|Bell Bar |Hertford 8| 17| |
+ 24|Belleau[C] pa|Saltfleet 12| 144| 107|
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BELCHAMP, or Belchamp Wallers, in the hundred of Hinckford, lies
+north-east by north from Castle Headingham. The church, dedicated to the
+Virgin Mary, is lofty and neat, and contains an orchestra, with a fine
+toned organ. Here is a capacious vault which belongs to the Raymond
+family; and an elegant marble monument dedicated to them in the chancel.
+Mrs. Raymond has established in this village a Sunday school for fifty
+children belonging to the poor. Belchamp Hall, in this parish, is the
+residence of the Raymond's, one of whose ancestors came into England
+with the Conqueror, and whose family have resided in this neighbourhood
+upwards of two centuries. The house is a substantial and commodious
+building, whose principal or south-eastern front is for the most part
+composed of foreign bricks. It is situated on a pleasant lawn, sloping
+gradually to a small river, within 200 yards of the front. A spacious
+and extensive terrace, skirted with lofty trees, at the end of which is
+an ancient building, ornamented with painted glass, lies to the south.
+At the other end is a lofty mount, with another ornamental building on
+its summit. This mansion contains an interesting collection of pictures
+by some of the most esteemed masters; among them are the following:--The
+Wise Men's Offering, an altar-piece; Albert Durer. This picture, with a
+large gun, some pistols, and powder flasks, inlaid with gold and ivory,
+were presented to the Raymonds, by Sir William Harris, a sea-officer,
+who took them, with other property, on the defeat of the Spanish Armada,
+in 1588. A three-quarter portrait of Sir Hugh Middleton, Bart., in whose
+public spirit the New river originated, and another of his wife, are
+both by Cornelius Jansen. Goldingham Hall, in the parish of Bulmer,
+adjoining Belchamp, was the residence of Sir Hugh.
+
+[Sidenote: Belchamp Hall.]
+
+
+[B] BELFORD is a little market town pleasantly situated on the side of a
+hill about two miles from the river Lear, and being a post-town, and on
+the great north road, has several good inns. The buildings in general
+are neat, and the church is a handsome structure, erected in 1700. Near
+this place on a rising ground, are the ruins of an ancient chapel,
+surrounded by several tall oaks; and at a little distance, are the
+remains of a Danish camp, apparently of great strength, surrounded by a
+deep ditch. The annual races formerly run at Beadnall, now take place at
+this town.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday--_Fairs_, Tuesday before Whit-Sunday, and August
+ 23, for black cattle, sheep, and horses. The Edinburgh Mail arrives
+ 7.49 morning; departs 3.36 afternoon.--_Inn_, Blue Bell.
+
+
+[C] BELLEAU. At this place, which takes it name from the excellent
+springs that issue from the chalk hills in the neighbourhood, are the
+ruins of what is called the Abbey. These consist of part of a turret,
+and two gateways, which convey an idea of its being a place of
+considerable importance. The walls are covered with ivy, and overhung
+with lofty ash trees. After the civil war, this place was granted to the
+eccentric Sir Harry Vane, who used to amuse himself on Sundays in
+assembling here his country neighbours, to whom he addressed his pious
+discourses. The church of Belleau is said, by Gough, to have been
+attached to the neighbouring monastery of Ailby; but neither Tanner nor
+the Monasticon mention such a religious house.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbey Ruins.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+ 44|Bellerby chap|N.R. York|Leyburn 1|Richmond 7|
+ 29|Bellingham[A] m.t. & pa|Northumb |Hexham 16|Haltwhistle 17|
+ 29|Bellister to|Northumb | ... 16|Aldstone M. 12|
+ 7|Bell-on-the-Hill |Chesire |Chester 17|Whitchurch 3|
+ 32|Belmsthorpe ham|Rutland |Stamford 3|Ryhall 1|
+ 10|Belper[B] ham|Derby |Derby 8|Wirksworth 7|
+ 29|Belsey to|Northumb |Newcastle 15|Morpeth 10|
+ 18|Belswains ham|Herts |H. Hempsted 2|Watford 7|
+ 36|Belstead pa|Suffolk |Ipswich 3|Hadleigh 8|
+ 11|Belstone pa|Devon |Oakhampton 2|Exeter 21|
+ 24|Beltoft ham|Lincoln |Gainsboro' 13|Burton 10|
+ 23|Belton pa|Leicester|Asbhy 6|Kegworth 5|
+ +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 44|Bellerby chap|Middleham 4| 236| 417|
+ 29|Bellingham[A] m.t. & pa|Wark 4| 294| 1460|
+ 29|Bellister to|Haltwhistle 2| 281| 120|
+ 7|Bell-on-the-Hill |Malpas 3| 166| |
+ 32|Belmsthorpe ham|Essendine 2| 92| |
+ 10|Belper[B] ham|Ashbourn 12| 134| 7890|
+ 29|Belsey to|Corbridge 11| 289| 334|
+ 18|Belswains ham|Ivinghoe 12| 22| |
+ 36|Belstead pa|Stratford 7| 66| 248|
+ 11|Belstone pa|Bow 10| 194| 206|
+ 24|Beltoft ham|Crowle 5| 162| |
+ 23|Belton pa|Loughboro 7| 116| 735|
+ +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BELLINGHAM, lies N. N W. from Hexham. It gave name to an ancient
+family, who were seated here in 1378. Some ruins of their castle still
+remain. The chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is roofed with stone
+arches in rib-work: there are many gravestones in its floor, sculptured
+with swords, and other warlike emblems. Nearly opposite, on the south
+side of the North Tyne, is Heslieside, the seat of the Charlton family,
+since the time of Edward the Sixth. The old mansion-house, built after
+the manner of Lowther Hall, in Westmoreland, was burnt down about eighty
+years ago, and then rebuilt. The present edifice stands on a gentle
+eminence: the grounds are well wooded, and diversified with fine
+sheep-walks; and the gardens and fruit walls are very productive. Five
+miles above this place is Falstone chapel; and about seven miles further
+up is Keelder Castle, formerly the residence of a famous border
+chieftain, but at present a shooting-box of the Duke of Northumberland.
+The moors here are scattered over with cairns, tumuli, and Druidical
+monuments. Of Tarset Hall, about two miles above Heslieside, only some
+slight remains are visible. Of Chipchase Castle, the old tower still
+remains. Its roof is built on corbels, and it has openings through which
+to throw down stones or scalding water upon an enemy. The tattered
+fragments of Gothic painting on the walls, are exceedingly curious. Soon
+after it came to the family, (its present owners,) the mansion was
+thoroughly repaired, and much improved; the chapel on the lawn was
+rebuilt, the gardens made, and the grounds covered with extensive
+plantations. This delightful residence is surrounded with scenery of the
+richest and most enchanting kind. The rooms in it are fitted up in a
+splendid style, and ornamented with several excellent paintings. A
+bridge was erected over the Burn at the east end of the town in 1826.
+
+ _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fair_, Saturday after September 15, for cattle,
+ sheep, linen and woollen cloth.
+
+[Sidenote: Chipchase Castle.]
+
+
+[B] BELPER, or Belpar, anciently Beaupoire, is situated on the banks of
+the Derwent, in the hundred of Appletree. It is a chapelry of Duffield;
+and, though formerly an inconsiderable village, its population now
+exceeds, with the exception of Derby, every other town in the county.
+The great increase of population began from three large cotton mills of
+Messrs. Strutts, the first of which was erected in 1776. Two of them yet
+remain; but the third was destroyed by fire early in the year 1803. The
+largest of these mills is 200 feet long, 300 feet wide, and six stories
+high: it is considered fire proof, as the floor is built on brick
+arches, and paved with brick. The two water-wheels, which are employed
+in the machinery in this building, are remarkable for magnitude and
+singularity of construction; one of them being 40 feet long, and 18 in
+diameter; and the other 48 feet long, and 12 feet in diameter. As timber
+could not be procured large enough to form the axles of these wheels in
+the common manner, they are constructed circularly and hollow, of a
+number of pieces, and hooped in the manner of a cask. One of the shafts
+is six feet in diameter, and the other nine. The shuttles are
+constructed in one piece, so as to support the lateral pressure of the
+water, although it is ten feet deep, by resting one upon another. This
+is different from the usual mode of construction, in which they are
+supported by large perpendicular beams at every six or seven feet, in
+order to sustain this lateral pressure. About twelve or thirteen hundred
+people are employed at these mills; and the proprietors have built many
+houses, and a chapel, for their accommodation. Near the mills a stone
+bridge of three arches has been erected across the Derwent, at the
+expence of the county, the former one having been washed down by a
+dreadful flood, in 1795. At a short distance, lower down the river, is a
+bleaching mill, belonging to the same proprietors; an iron forge, and
+two cotton mills; one of them constructed like that before described. A
+stone bridge was also erected here by these gentlemen in 1792. These
+mills afford regular employment to about 600 persons. A Sunday school
+has been established here, and another at Belper, for the instruction of
+the children employed at the cotton works.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 1.30 afternoon; departs 8.45
+ morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Manufactories.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cotton Mills.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+ 24|Belton[A] pa|Lincoln |Grantham 3|Leadenham 8|
+ 24|Belton pa|Lincoln |Gainsboro' 13|Epworth 2|
+ 32|Belton pa|Rutland |Uppingham 4|Oakham 7|
+ 36|Belton pa|Suffolk |Yarmouth 4|Lowestoft 8|
+ 24|Belvoir[B]ex pa. lib|Leicester|Grantham 7|Newark 16|
+ 43|Bempton pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 3|Flamborough 3|
+ +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 24|Belton[A] pa|Lincoln 20| 113| 160|
+ 24|Belton pa|Crowle 5| 162| 1597|
+ 32|Belton pa|Rockingham 9| 92| 400|
+ 36|Belton pa|Beccles 9| 121| 124|
+ 24|Belvoir[B]ex pa. lib|Colterswrth 10| 112| 105|
+ 43|Bempton pa|Hunmanby 7| 210| 287|
+ +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BELTON. The church is a small ancient structure. The tower appears
+to have been rebuilt in the year 1637, and at a subsequent period, the
+chancel has been renewed. The church is extremely neat, and has in the
+south window six pieces of stained glass, illustrative of scriptural
+subjects. Within the nave are several splendid monuments. Belton House,
+near Grantham, the residence of Earl Brownlow, is situated on a
+beautiful lawn, in a wooded valley, through which the river Witham winds
+its course. The mansion was built in the year 1689, from designs by Sir
+Christopher Wren. The form of the building is that of the letter H, a
+stile of architecture peculiar to that period. It is of stone, and
+presents four uniform elevations. The apartments are lofty, and well
+proportioned. Several of the rooms are highly ornamented with carving by
+Gibbons. The late Lord Brownlow made considerable improvements in the
+mansion. He took down the cupola and balustrade from the roof. The
+drawing room was considerably enlarged, and a new entrance at the south
+front made. Here are many pictures by celebrated masters of the Flemish
+and Italian schools, with numerous family portraits by Lely, Reynolds,
+Kneller, Romney and others. Among the latter we may remark a portrait of
+Sir John Cust, Bart., Speaker of the House of Commons, in his robes, by
+Sir Joshua Reynolds. William III. in his progress through the northern
+counties, honoured Belton House with his presence. The park comprises an
+area of five miles in circumference, inclosed by a wall; numerous
+plantations of fine trees are highly ornamental to the place. Sir John
+Brownlow, K.B. afterwards Viscount Tyrconnel, enriched the library with
+a valuable collection of books; he also formed some extensive gardens,
+which have since been more adapted to the modern taste in gardening.
+
+[Sidenote: Belton House.]
+
+
+[B] BELVOIR. The Castle is one of the most magnificent structures in the
+kingdom. It is placed on an abrupt elevation of a kind of natural cliff,
+forming the termination of a peninsular hill. It has been the seat of
+Manners, Dukes of Rutland, for several generations, and claims the
+priority of every other building in the county in which it is situated.
+Belvoir has been the site of a Castle ever since the Norman conquest;
+and its possessors have been chiefly persons of eminence who have
+figured in the pages of history. The view from the terraces and towers
+comprehends the whole vale of Belvoir and the adjoining country as far
+as Lincoln, including twenty-two of the Duke of Rutland's manors. On the
+southern slope of the hill are enclosed-terraces, on which there are
+several flower-gardens, surrounded by shrubberies. The park is of great
+extent, containing fine forest trees, which form a woodland beneath the
+hill so extensive as to afford shelter for innumerable rooks. Its
+interior and furniture is of the most superb and costly description; it
+also contains one of the most valuable collections of paintings in this
+country, whether considered for the variety of the schools, or the works
+of each master. A conflagration took place in the year 1816, which
+consumed a great portion of the ancient part of the castle, and several
+of the pictures. A curious anecdote is related, illustrative of the
+folly and superstition of ancient times, which may not be uninteresting
+to add. Joan Flower and her two; daughters who were servants at Belvoir
+Castle, having been dismissed the family, in revenge made use of all the
+enchantments, spells, and charms that were at that time supposed to
+answer their malicious purposes. Henry the eldest son died soon after
+their dismissal, but no suspicion of witchcraft arose till five years
+after, when the three women who are said to have entered into a formal
+contract with the devil, were accused of "murdering Lord Henry Ross by
+witchcraft and torturing the Lord Francis his brother and Lady Catherine
+his sister." After various examinations they were committed to Lincoln
+gaol. The mother died at Ancaster, on her way thither, having wished the
+bread and butter she ate might choak her if she was guilty. The
+daughters were tried before Sir Henry Hobbert, Chief Justice of the
+Common Pleas, and Sir Edward Bromley, one of the Barons of the
+Exchequer; they confessed their guilt and were executed at Lincoln,
+March 11, 1618.
+
+[Sidenote: The Castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Charge of witchcraft.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+ 41|Bemerton[A] pa|Wilts |Salisbury 2|Wilton 2|
+ 36|Benacre pa|Suffolk |Yarmouth 17|Lowestoft 7|
+ 29|Benridge ham|Northumb |Morpeth 3|Ruthbury 13|
+ 28|Benefield[B] pa|Northamton|Oundle 3|Weldon 6|
+ +--+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+ 41|Bemerton[A] pa|Amesbury 9| 83| |
+ 36|Benacre pa|Blythburg 8| 108| |
+ 29|Benridge ham|Blyth 14| 291| 57|
+ 28|Benefield[B] pa|Corby 8| 85| 519|
+ +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEMERTON, a parish in the hundred of Branch and Dole. The rectory of
+this place is interesting, as having been the residence of no less than
+four celebrated characters, viz. Dr. Walter Curie, Bishop of Bath and
+Wells, and afterwards of Winchester, who died in 1647; George Herbert,
+called the divine, who died in 1635; John Norris, a metaphysical writer,
+who died in 1711; and, lastly, Mr. Archdeacon Coxe, the traveller and
+historian, who died in 1828: all of them gentlemen highly distinguished
+in the annals of literature.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated men.]
+
+
+[B] BENEFIELD. In this parish are some remarkable cavities, called
+Swallows, which have opened a wide field of speculation among
+philosophers, who have grounded, upon the singular phenomena they
+exhibit, some new systems with regard to the theory of the earth. These
+swallows are situated about a furlong west of the village, and are nine
+in number. Through these cavities, the land-flood waters constantly pass
+and disappear. They are of a circular form, and of various diameters;
+some having an oblique, and others a perpendicular descent, opening
+beneath the apertures into large spaces, which exhibit several smaller
+conduits, through which the waters pass, to join perhaps, some
+subterranean river, or mingle with the grand abyss of waters, which some
+philosophers have placed in the centre of the earth.
+
+[Sidenote: Geological curiosities.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ 5|Bengers ham|Bucks |Colnbrook 3|Uxbridge 3|
+ 21|Beneden[A] pa|Kent |Cranbrook 3|Tenterden 5|
+ 13|Benfield-Side ham|Durham |Durham 12|Newcastle 13|
+ 14|Benfleet, North pa|Essex |Rayleigh 4|Billericay 6|
+ 14|Benfleet, South[B] pa|Essex | ... 4| ... 9|
+ 18|Bengeo pa|Hertford |Hertford 1|Ware 2|
+ 15|Bengrove ham|Gloucester|Tewkesbury 6|Evesbam 7|
+ 42|Bengworth pa|Worcester |Worchester 16|Pershore 7|
+ 36|Benhall pa|Suffolk |Saxmundham 2|Frainlingh 5|
+ 4|Benham to|Berks |Newbury 3|Hungerford 6|
+ 4|Benham-Hoe ham|Berks | ... 4| ... 6|
+ 44|Benningborough to|N.R. York |York 7|Boro'bridge 8|
+ 46|Benningholme to|E.R. York |Beverly 7|Hornsea 7|
+ 18|Bennington pa|Hertford |Stevenage 5|Buntingford 6|
+ 24|Bennington pa|Lincoln |Boston 5|Wainfleet 12|
+ 24|Bennington-Long[C] pa|Lincoln |Grantham 7|Newark 7|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 5|Bengers ham|Slough 4| 18| |
+ 21|Beneden[A] pa|Rolvenden 3| 51| 1663|
+ 13|Benfield-Side ham|Wolsingham 12| 270| 543|
+ 14|Benfleet, North pa|Southend 6| 29| 300|
+ 14|Benfleet, South[B] pa| ... 6| 32| 533|
+ 18|Bengeo pa|Watton 5| 22| 855|
+ 15|Bengrove ham|Pershore 7| 101| |
+ 42|Bengworth pa|Broadway 5| 100| 850|
+ 36|Benhall pa|Woodbridge 3| 89| 668|
+ 4|Benham to|Kinbury 3| 59| |
+ 4|Benham-Hoe ham| ... 4| 60| |
+ 44|Benningborough to|Wetherby 10| 204| 93|
+ 46|Benningholme to|Hull 8| 182| 103|
+ 18|Bennington pa|Watton 3| 29| 631|
+ 24|Bennington pa|Burgh 16| 121| 500|
+ 24|Bennington-Long[C] pa|Leadenham 8| 116| 982|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] BENENDEN, or Biddenden, three miles south east from Cranbrook, is at
+present populous, though the clothing manufacture, which first
+occasioned the increase of the population of this part of the county, in
+the reign of Edward the Third, has for many years failed here. Several
+good houses still remaining, discover the prosperity of the former
+inhabitants. The church is a handsome regular building, and its tower a
+structure of considerable height and strength. By the old part now
+remaining, it appears to have been originally but small. The interior
+contains several ancient brasses, and among them, one for the Goldwells
+of Great Chart; with the dates 1452, and 1499, in Arabic numerals: the
+rebus of this name, a golden fountain, or well, is also in one of the
+windows. A free grammar school, now degenerated into a complete
+sinecure, was founded here in the year 1522. There is a tradition in
+this parish, that a bequest for the use of the poor, of 20 acres of
+land, now called the Bread and Cheese land, lying in five pieces, was
+given by two maiden sisters, commonly called the "Biddenden Maids," of
+the name of Chulkhurst, "who were born joined together by the hips and
+shoulders, in the year 1100;" and having lived in that state thirty-four
+years, died within about six hours of each other. This tale is affected
+to be established by the correspondent figures of two females impressed
+on cakes, which after Divine service, in the afternoon, on every Easter
+Sunday, are distributed to all comers, and not unfrequently to the
+number from 800 to 1000. At the same time, about 270 loaves, weighing
+three pounds and a half each, and cheese in proportion, are given to the
+poor parishioners; the whole expence being defrayed from the rental of
+the bequeathed lands. The marvellous part of the story however, was
+wholly discredited by the well informed, until the visit of the Siamese
+twins to this country revived it with some appearance of truth.
+
+[Sidenote: The Biddenden maids.]
+
+
+[B] BENFLEET lies south-west by south from Rayleigh. Here was a castle,
+built by Hastings, the celebrated Danish pirate, and which building
+Matthew of Westminster described, as having deep and wide ditches. This
+fortress Alfred the Great took and destroyed in the year 890; Hasting's
+wife and two sons taken therein, were sent to London. The creeks
+entering the Thames round Benfleet are celebrated for their oysters.
+
+[Sidenote: A pirate's castle.]
+
+
+[C] BENNINGTON, called Belintone in the Domesday Book, was a seat of the
+Mercian kings; and here a great council of nobility and prelates was
+assembled about the year 850, under King Bertulph, who on the complaint
+of Askill, a monk of Croyland, of the great devastations committed on
+the property of that monastery by the Danes, granted the monks a new
+charter of divers "splendid liberties," and several extensive manors. In
+the 33d of Edward I. a charter of a weekly market, and a fair annually,
+was granted for this manor; but the former has long fallen into disuse!
+The manor was long in possession of the Bourchiers, Earls of Essex.
+Robert, the third Earl, after his divorce from the infamous Lady Francis
+Howard, his first wife, in 1613, sold it to Sir Julius Caesar, Knt., from
+whom it descended to his son and heir, Sir Charles Caesar. This gentleman
+was appointed Master of the Rolls in 1638; and, after being twice
+married, and having fifteen children by both wives, died of the
+small-pox, at Bennington, in 1643: this disease proved fatal also to
+several of his issue, and among them, to Julius, his eldest surviving
+son, who dying within a few days, was buried in the same grave with his
+father. Henry, his next son, and heir, represented this county in the
+two first parliaments held in the reign of Charles II.; and he was
+knighted by that sovereign in 1660: he also died of the small-pox, in
+January 1667. This manor was sold to the trustees under the will of Sir
+John Cheshire, Knt. His great nephew, John Cheshire, Esq., resided in a
+small mansion near the ancient castle at Bennington, which stood
+westward from the church, and most probably occupied the spot whereon
+stood the palace of the Saxon Kings. The artificial mount of the keep,
+with the surrounding ditch, are still to be seen. The old manor-house
+that had been inhabited by the Caesars, stood in the park, at a small
+distance from the village, but was burnt down about fifty years ago. A
+small edifice, since erected on the site, was for some years occupied by
+Mr. Bullock. Bennington church is a small fabric, consisting of a nave
+and a chancel, with a tower at the west end, and a chapel or
+burial-place connected with the chancel on the north. Here are two
+ancient monuments, under arches, which form part of them, each
+exhibiting recumbent figures of a knight and a lady. Many of the Caesars
+lie buried here. The Benstede family, sometime lords of the manor, are
+supposed to have built this church, as their arms are displayed both
+upon the roof and on the tower. In a niche over the south porch, St.
+Michael and the dragon are sculptured.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient charters.]
+
+[Sidenote: The small-pox fatal to Cheshires.]
+
+[Sidenote: Their monuments.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+ 24|Benningworth pa|Lincoln |Wragby 6|Horncastle 9|
+ 29|Bewridge to|Northumb |Morpeth 2|Rothbury 12|
+ 31|Bensinton[A] pa|Oxford |Wallingford 2|Nettlebed 6|
+ 14|Bentfield ham|Essex |Stanstead 2|B. Stortford 4|
+ 33|Benthall pa|Salop |Wenlock 3|Madeley 6|
+ 15|Bentham ham|Gloucester|Gloucester 5|Cheltenham 5|
+ 44|Bentham pa & to|W.R. York |Settle 12|Ingleton 5|
+ 16|Bentley pa|Hants |Farnham 4|Alton 6|
+ 35|Bentley to & lib|Stafford |Walsall 2|S. Coldfield 7|
+ 36|Bentley pa|Suffolk |Ipswich 6|Manningtree 12|
+ 39|Bentley ham|Warwick |Atherstone 3|Coleshill 7|
+ 46|Bentley to|W.R. York |Doncaster 2|Arksey 1|
+ 10|Bentley, Fenny pa|Derby |Ashborne 3|Wirksworth 8|
+ 14|Bentley, Great pa|Essex |Colchester 9|Manningtree 9|
+ 10|Bentley, Hungry to|Derby |Ashborne 6|Derby 10|
+ 14|Bentley, Little pa|Essex |Manningtree 5|Colchester 9|
+ 42|Bentley, Up. & L. ham|Worcester |Bromsgrove 3|Redditch 3|
+ 29|Benton, Little to|Northumb |Newcastle 4|N. Shields 6|
+ 29|Benton, Long[B] pa|Northumb | ... 4| ... 6|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 24|Benningworth pa|Louth 9| 145| 373|
+ 29|Bewridge to|Blyth 11| 290| 53|
+ 31|Bensinton[A] pa|Dorchester 3| 46| 1266|
+ 14|Bentfield ham|Saff. Walden 9| 34| 505|
+ 33|Benthall pa|Wellington 7| 150| 525|
+ 15|Bentham ham|Painswick 7| 104| |
+ 44|Bentham pa & to|Lancaster 13| 247| 3957|
+ 16|Bentley pa|Odiham 6| 42| 728|
+ 35|Bentley to & lib|Lichfield 8| 120| 99|
+ 36|Bentley pa|Harwich 18| 69| 363|
+ 39|Bentley ham|Birmingham 16| 106| 270|
+ 46|Bentley to|Thorne 10| 164| 1144|
+ 10|Bentley, Fenny pa|Derby 16| 142| 308|
+ 14|Bentley, Great pa|Harwich 13| 60| 978|
+ 10|Bentley, Hungry to|Uttoxeter 9| 136| 92|
+ 14|Bentley, Little pa|Harwich 10| 60| 438|
+ 42|Bentley, Up. & L. ham|Birmingham 14| 113| |
+ 29|Benton, Little to|Blyth 9| 278| |
+ 29|Benton, Long[B] pa| ... 9| 278| 5547|
+ +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BENSINGTON was an ancient British town, taken from the original
+inhabitants by Ceaulin, in the year 572. The west Saxons held the place
+for two centuries, and appear to have constructed a castle for its
+defence; but it was reduced by Offa, king of the Mercians, who defeated
+his rival in a sanguinary contest. To the west of the church are a
+quadrangular bank and trench. Three sides of the embankment are much
+defaced. Plot mentions an "angle of King Offa's palace near the church;"
+by which he probably alludes to the same spot. In this village are
+several modern buildings. The church, which is gothic, has been built at
+different times. In the brick flooring of the nave are some ancient
+stones, with mutilated brasses. Here is a Sunday-school supported by
+subscription; and a meeting-house for methodists.
+
+[Sidenote: A Mercian King.]
+
+
+[B] LONG BENTON. A dreadful calamity occurred at Heaton Colliery, in
+this neighbourhood, on the morning of May 3, 1815, when, by the sudden
+influx of water from an old mine, Mr. Miller, (the under-viewer, who
+left a wife and eight children), 22 workmen, 42 boys, and 37 horses,
+perished; and 25 widows, with about 80 children, were left to bemoan the
+sudden death of their husbands and fathers. Steam-engines were
+immediately employed, and every exertion was made for the recovery of
+the bodies; notwithstanding which, it was not till the 6th of January,
+in the following year, that the first body was found. It was that of an
+old man employed on the waggon-way: and a fact worthy of notice is, that
+the waste-water in which he had been immersed had destroyed the woollen
+clothes, and corroded the iron parts of a knife the deceased had in his
+pocket, yet his linen and the bone-haft of his knife remained entire.
+Shortly after, Mr. Miller, and a few others, were discovered: they had
+met a similar fate, having been overtaken by the water about a hundred
+yards from the shaft to which they had been hastening to save
+themselves. But the lot of these eight persons may be considered
+fortunate, when compared with the unhappy beings left at work towards
+the rise of the mine, and as yet unconscious of their dreadful
+situation. About the 16th of February, the higher parts of the workings
+were explored; and now a scene truly horrible was presented to view: for
+here lay the corpses of 56 human beings, whom the water had never
+reached, being situated 35 fathoms above its level. They had collected
+together near the crane, and were found within a space of 30 yards of
+each other; their positions and attitudes were various; several appeared
+to have fallen forwards from off an inequality, or rather step, in the
+coal on which they had been sitting; others, from their hands being
+clasped together, seemed to have expired while addressing themselves to
+the protection of the Deity; two, who were recognized as brothers, had
+died in the act of taking a last farewell by grasping each other's hand:
+and one poor boy reposed in his father's arms. Two slight cabins had
+been hastily constructed by nailing up deal boards, and in one of these
+melancholy habitations three of the stoutest miners had breathed their
+last. A large lump of horse flesh, wrapped up in a jacket, nearly two
+pounds of candles, and three others, which had died out when
+half-burned, were found in this apartment, if it can be so called. One
+man, well known to have possessed a remarkably pacific disposition, had
+retired to a distance to end his days alone, and in quiet. Another had
+been placed to watch the rise or fall of the water; to ascertain which,
+sticks had been placed, and was found dead at his post. There were two
+horses in the part of the mine to which the people had retired; one had
+been slaughtered, its entrails taken out, and hind quarters cut up for
+use; the other was fastened to a stake, which it had almost gnawed to
+pieces, as well as a corfe or coal basket that had been left within its
+reach. That these ill-fated people perished for want of respirable air,
+and not from hunger and thirst, is certain; for most of the flesh cut
+from the horse, with a considerable quantity of horse-beans, were
+unconsumed, and a spring of good water issued into this part of the
+colliery; besides, the unburned remains of candles afford evidence of a
+still stronger nature; and by these data the coroner's jury was enabled
+to pronounce a verdict accordingly. The overman had left the
+chalk-board, in which it is usual to take down an account of the work
+done, together with his pocket-book, in an empty corfe; on these some
+memorandum might have been expected to be noted: but no writing
+subsequent to the catastrophe appeared on either.--The bodies of those
+men which had lain in wet places were much decayed; but where the floor
+was dry, though their flesh had become much shrivelled, they were all
+easily recognised by their features being entire.
+
+[Sidenote: Dreadful accident.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fifty-six lives lost in a mine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cause of their death.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ 45|Bents-Green |W.R. York |Sheffield 3|Bakewell 13|
+ 16|Bentworth pa|Hants |Alton 5|Alresford 8|
+ 12|Benville ham|Dorset |Beaminster 4|Crewkherne 6|
+ 23|Benwell to|Northumb |Newcastle 2|Corbridge 14|
+ 6|Benwick chap|Cambridge |March 6|Chatteris 6|
+ 42|Beoley pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove 8|Redditch 3|
+ 38|Bepton pa|Sussex |Midhurst 3|Petersield 9|
+ 14|Berdin pa|Essex |Stanstead 6|Saff. Walden 9|
+ 15|Berdwick ham|Gloucester|Bristol 8|Marshfield 4|
+ 14|Bere-Church pa|Essex |Colchester 2|Coggeshall 10|
+ 12|Bere ham|Dorset |Blandford 7|Shaftesbury 8|
+ 16|Bere-Lay ham|Hants |Newport 7|Niton 2|
+ 36|Bergholt, East pa|Suffolk |Hadleigh 6|Ipswich 8|
+ 14|Bergholt, West pa|Essex |Colchester 4|Witham 13|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 45|Bents-Green |Castleton 12| 163| |
+ 16|Bentworth pa|Basingstoke 8| 52| 592|
+ 12|Benville ham|Yeovil 8| 130| |
+ 23|Benwell to|Hexham 18| 276| 1278|
+ 6|Benwick chap|Peterborough 6| 81| 526|
+ 42|Beoley pa|Birmingham 11| 112| 673|
+ 38|Bepton pa|Chichester 10| 53| 166|
+ 14|Berdin pa|Bis. Stortford 6| 36| 342|
+ 15|Berdwick ham|Sodbury 5| 97| |
+ 14|Bere-Church pa|Aberton 3| 52| 142|
+ 12|Bere ham|Sturminster 5| 109| |
+ 16|Bere-Lay ham|Shanklin 10| 93| |
+ 36|Bergholt, East pa|Manningtree 3| 63| 1360|
+ 14|Bergholt, West pa|Halstead 10| 10| 786|
+ +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+---------+-----------+
+ 15|Berkeley[A] m.t. & pa|Gloucester|Dursley 6|Chepstow 13|
+ 34|Berkeley pa|Somerset |Frome 3|Bath 12|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+---------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+ 15|Berkeley[A] m.t. & pa|Thornbury 7| 114| 3899|
+ 34|Berkeley pa|Warminster 7| 103| 531|
+ +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BERKELEY. This ancient, but small town, is situated upon a pleasant
+eminence in the beautiful vale of Berkeley, almost east from the Severn.
+In the Domesday book, it is termed a royal domain and free borough. A
+nunnery is said to have existed here in the reign of Edward the
+Confessor; the frail sisters of which were dispossessed of their
+estates, including the manor, by the craft of Earl Godwin, who found
+means to introduce into the community a profligate young man, by whom
+the nuns were seduced. This conduct being reported to the King, the
+nunnery was dissolved, and its possessions granted to the Earl. The
+Conqueror afterwards bestowed the manor on Roger, surnamed De Berkeley,
+a chieftain who had accompanied him to England. Roger, his grandson,
+taking part with Stephen, against Henry II., was deprived of his lands;
+and Berkeley was given by that monarch to Robert Fitzharding, Governor
+of Bristol, in reward for his eminent services. This nobleman was
+descended from the Kings of Denmark, and in his posterity the extensive
+manor of Berkeley, one of the largest in England, is still vested.
+Berkeley church appears to be of the age of Henry II., though it has
+undergone various alterations. Near the pulpit is a curious tomb, in
+memory of Thomas, second Lord Berkeley, and Margaret, his first wife.
+Here also are various other monuments of this family. The tower, which
+stands at some distance from the church, was constructed about seventy
+years ago. In the churchyard is the well known ludicrous epitaph,
+written by Dean Swift, in memory of "Dickey Pearce, the Earl of
+Suffolk's fool." Berkeley Castle appears to have been founded by Roger
+de Berkeley, soon after the Conquest; but various important additions
+were made to it during the reigns of Henry II., Edward II., and Edward
+III. The form of the castle approaches nearest to that of a circle; and
+the buildings are included by an irregular court, with a moat. The keep
+is flanked by three semi-circular towers, and a square one of subsequent
+construction: its walls are high and massive: the entrance into it is
+under an arched doorway, with ornamental sculpture in the Norman style,
+similar to one at Arundel Castle. This fortress has been the scene of
+various memorable transactions; the most remarkable, perhaps, was that
+of the murder of Edward II., in September, 1327, thus noticed by Gray:--
+
+ "Mark the year, and mark the night,
+ When Severn shall re-echo with affright,
+ The shrieks of death through Berkeley's roofs that ring;
+ Shrieks of an agonising King!"
+
+Tradition states, that when the murder of King Edward had been
+determined on, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, at the instigation of the
+Queen, wrote to the keeper the following words; which, not possessing
+the distinctness imported by punctuation, were capable of a double
+construction:
+
+ "Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est."
+ Edward the King kill not to fear is good.
+
+The keeper, easily divining the wicked wishes of his employer, put his
+royal master to death. According to another account, when the death of
+this unfortunate, but weak sovereign, had been resolved on by the Queen
+and Mortimer, her infamous paramour, he was removed from Kenelworth to
+Berkeley Castle, by Sir John Maltravers and Sir Thomas Gourney, to whose
+keeping he had been previously committed. Thomas, second Lord Berkeley,
+then owner of the castle, treated him with civility and kindness, but
+was, in a short time, obliged to relinquish his fortress to the
+government of Maltravers and Gourney, by whom the King was soon
+afterwards murdered, in the most brutal and savage manner. "His crie,"
+says Holinshed, "did move many within the castell and town of Birckelei
+to compassion, plainly hearing him utter a waileful noyse, as the
+tormentors were about to murder him; so that dyvers being awakened
+thereby, (as they themselves confessed,) prayed heartilie to God to
+receyve his soule, when they understode by his crie what the matter
+ment." A small apartment, called the dungeon room, over the flight of
+steps leading into the keep, is shewn as the place where the cruel deed
+was committed: at that time, all the light it received was from arrow
+slits; the windows have been since introduced. A plaister cast kept
+here, and said to have been moulded from the King's face after death,
+is, in reality, a cast from his effigies on the tomb at Gloucester.
+Berkeley Castle, during the civil wars, was held for the King; and
+frequent skirmishes took place in the town and neighbourhood. In 1645 it
+was besieged, and surrendered to the parliament, after a defence of nine
+days. In the apartments, which are mostly low, dark, and void of
+proportion, are preserved a numerous assemblage of portraits, chiefly of
+the Stratton branch, the bequest of the last heir of that family.
+Besides these portraits, here are several miniatures of the Berkeleys,
+of considerable antiquity, and so far curious. A few landscapes, by
+Wouvermans, Claude, Salvator Rosa, &c. complete the Berkeley collection.
+Edward Jenner, an English physician, celebrated for having introduced
+the practice of vaccination, as a preventive of the small-pox, was the
+youngest son of a clergyman, who held the rectory of Rochampton, and the
+vicarage of this place, and the son was born here, May 17, 1749. Being
+destined for the medical profession, he was, after a common school
+education, placed as an apprentice with a very respectable surgeon, at
+Sodbury, in his native country. He visited London, to finish his
+studies, by attending the lectures of the celebrated anatomist John
+Hunter. Returning to the country, he settled here, as a practitioner of
+the various branches of his profession. A situation like this afforded
+but little leisure or opportunity for acquiring distinction, and an
+occasion presented itself for obtaining a larger field for observation,
+improvement, and emolument: this, however, he was induced to decline.
+The circumstances of the transaction are thus related by Dr. Lettsom, in
+his address to the London Medical Society:--"Dr. Jenner happened to dine
+with a large party at Bath, when something was introduced at the table
+which required to be warmed by the application of the candle, and doubts
+were expressed by several persons present, whether the most speedy way
+would be to keep the flame at a little distance under, or to immerse the
+substance into it. Jenner desired that the candle might be placed near
+him, and immediately putting his finger into the flame, suffered it to
+remain some time; next he put his finger above it, but he was obliged to
+snatch it away immediately. 'This, gentlemen,' said he, 'is a sufficient
+test.' The next day he received a note from General Smith, who had been
+of the party the preceding day, and who was before that time an utter
+stranger, offering him an appointment in India, which would insure him,
+in the course of two or three years, an annual income L3,000. The offer
+was referred to his brother, and Jenner, from his attachment to him,
+declined it." He had already obtained the reputation of a man of talent
+and science, when he made known to the world the very important
+discovery which has raised him to an enviable situation among the
+benefactors of the human race. His investigations concerning the cow-pox
+were commenced about the year 1776, when his attention was excited by
+the circumstance of finding that some individuals, to whom he attempted
+to communicate the small-pox by inoculation, were insusceptible of the
+disease; and on inquiry he found that all such patients, though they had
+never had the small-pox, had undergone the casual cow-pox, a disease
+common among the farmers and dairy-servants in Gloucestershire, who were
+not quite unacquainted with its preventive effect. Other medical men
+were aware of the prevalence of this opinion; but they treated it as a
+popular prejudice, and Jenner seems to have been the first who
+ascertained its correctness, and endeavoured to derive from it some
+practical advantage. He discovered that the variolae vaccinae, as the
+complaint has been since termed, having, in the first-instance, been
+produced by accidental or designed innoculation of the matter afforded
+by a peculiar disease affecting the udder of a cow, could be propagated
+from one human subject to another by inoculation, to an indefinite
+extent, rendering all who passed through it secure from the small-pox.
+He made known his discovery to some medical friends, and in the month of
+July, 1796, Mr. Cline, surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, introduced
+vaccination into the metropolis. So singular and anomalous a fact as the
+prevention of an infectious disease by means of another, in many
+respects extremely differing from it, could not but be received with
+hesitation; and a warm controversy took place on the subject among the
+medical faculty. This ultimately proved advantageous both to the
+discovery and the discoverer, as it terminated in establishing the truth
+of the most important positions which he had advanced, and left him in
+full possession of the merit due to him as a successful investigator of
+the laws of nature. The practice of vaccine inoculation was adopted in
+the army and navy, and honours and rewards were conferred on the author
+of the discovery. The diploma constituting him doctor of medicine, was
+presented to Jenner as a tribute to his talents, by the University of
+Oxford; he was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society, and of other
+learned associations; and a parliamentary grant was made to him of the
+sum of L20,000. The extension of the benefits of vaccination to foreign
+countries spread the fame of the discoverer, who received several
+congratulatory addresses from continental potentates. The emperor of
+Russia, when in this country in 1814, sought an interview with Dr.
+Jenner, treated him with great attention, and offered to bestow on him a
+Russian order of nobility. He also visited the King of Prussia, Marshal
+Blucher, and the Cossack General, Count Platoff, the latter of whom said
+to him, "Sir, you have extinguished the most pestilential disorder that
+ever appeared on the banks of the Don." On receiving his diploma, Dr.
+Jenner practised as a physician at Cheltenham, during the season, and
+that watering-place was his principal residence till he became a
+widower, when he removed to Berkeley, to spend in retirement the evening
+of his life. He died suddenly in consequence of apoplexy, January 26,
+1823, and was interred in the parish church of this town.
+
+ _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fair_, May 14, for cattle and pigs.
+
+[Sidenote: The nunnery.]
+
+[Sidenote: The castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Murder of Edward II.]
+
+[Sidenote: Besieged by the Parliament.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Jenner.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote.]
+
+[Sidenote: Discovery of vaccination by the cow-pox.]
+
+[Sidenote: Jenner's subsequent fame.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. |County.|Number of Miles From |
+ +--+--------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+
+ 18|Berkhampstead, Gr.[A] m.t. & pa|Herts |Watford 12|Tring 5|
+ 18|Berkhampstead, Little pa|Herts |Hertford 5|Hatfield 5|
+ 39| Berkeswell pa|Warwick|Coventry 7|Solihull 7|
+ +--+--------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles |Dist.|Popul
+ | From |Lond.|-ation.
+ +--+--------------------------------+-------------------+-----+-----+
+ 18|Berkhampstead, Gr.[A] m.t. & pa|Dunstable 11| 26| 2369|
+ 18|Berkhampstead, Little pa|Hoddesdon 6| 19| 450|
+ 39| Berkeswell pa|Meriden 2| 93| 1450|
+ +--+--------------------------------+-------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BERKHAMPSTEAD. "The Saxons, in old time," observes Norden, "called
+this town Berghamstedt, because it was seated among the hills; for Berg
+signified a hill; ham, a town; and stedt, a seat; all of which was very
+proper for the situation hereof." The buildings are chiefly of brick,
+and irregular, but intersected with various handsome houses.
+Berkhampstead consists of one principal street, about half a mile in
+length, extending along the side of the high road; and another smaller
+one branching out from the church towards the site of the castle. The
+Grand Junction Canal runs the whole length of the town, and very close
+to it, which makes it a place of considerable trade. Many respectable
+and genteel families reside here, and hold their monthly balls at the
+King's Arms Inn, during the winter. The King of Mercia had a palace or
+castle here; and the town had attained sufficient importance at the time
+of the Conquest, to be appointed as the place of meeting between the
+Norman sovereign, and the chiefs of the confederacy formed against his
+power, and headed by Abbot Fretheric, of St. Alban's. "In the brough,"
+says the Domesday Book, "are two and fifty burgesses, who pay four
+pounds a year for toll; and they have half a hide, and two shillings
+rent, common of pasture for the cattle, wood to feed a thousand hogs,
+and five shillings rent by the year. Its whole value is sixteen pounds.
+The castle erected by the Saxons was enlarged, strengthened, and
+fortified with additional outworks, by the Earl of Mortaigne; but in the
+time of his son and successor, William, who had rebelled against Henry
+I., it was seized, and ordered to be razed to the ground." It is
+probable, however, that the demolition was only partial, as it was again
+fitted up as a royal residence, either in the time of Stephen, or early
+in the reign of Henry II. The castle and honour of Berkhampstead
+continued in the possession of the crown till the seventh of King John,
+who granted them to the Earl of Essex, for L100. per annum. In the year
+1216 the castle, which had been reverted to the crown, was besieged by
+Lewis, Dauphin of France, in conjunction with certain English barons.
+The garrison, taking advantage of the negligence of the besiegers, made
+two successful sallies on the same day, capturing divers chariots, arms,
+and provisions; but, after a siege of some continuance, they
+surrendered. Henry III. granted the Earldom of Cornwall, with the honour
+and castle of Berkhampstead, to Richard, his brother, for his services
+at the siege of the castle of Riole, in France; but, disagreeing with
+him, he revoked the grant. The interposition of the Earls of Pembroke
+and Chester occasioned its restoration to the Earl of Cornwall. In 1245,
+the King granted him an annual fair, of eight days' continuance, for his
+manor of Berkhampstead; and here, after a long illness, he died on the
+4th of April, 1272. Edmund, his only surviving son, succeeded to his
+estates and titles; and in his time there were twelve burgesses within
+the borough, with fifty-two free tenants, and twenty-two tenants by
+serjeancy. This Earl founded the college of Bon-Hommes, at Ashridge, in
+Buckinghamshire. In the fourth of Edward III., John of Eltham, brother
+to the King, had a grant of Berkhampstead, with other manors, to the
+value of 2,000 marks per annum: but, dying without issue, in 1336, his
+estates were granted by the King, to Edward the Black Prince, with the
+Dukedom of Cornwall, to be held by him and his heirs, and the eldest
+sons of the heirs of the King's of England. Richard II. occasionally
+resided at Berkhampstead castle. Since that period, the castle and
+honour of Berkhampstead have descended from the crown, to the successive
+Princes of Wales, as heirs apparent to the throne, and possessors of the
+Dukedom of Cornwall, under the grant of Edward III. The castle was
+situated on the east side of the town; and, though the buildings are now
+reduced to a few massive fragments of wall, the remains are still
+sufficient to evince the ancient strength and importance of this
+fortress. The ramparts are very bold, and the ditches still wide and
+deep, particularly on the north and east sides, though partly filled up
+by the lapse of centuries. The keep was a circular tower, occupying the
+summit of a high and steep artificial mount, moated round. Large trees
+are now growing on the sides of the mount, as well as on many parts of
+the outward rampart, and declivities of the ditches: other parts are
+covered with underwood, in many places so thick as to be impassable. The
+inner court is now an orchard; the outer court is cultivated as a farm;
+and a small cottage, with a few out-buildings, now occupies a portion of
+the ground once occupied by Princes and Sovereigns. Near the rampart, on
+the west side, flows the little river Bulbourne. The church, dedicated
+to St. Peter, is built in the form of a cross, with a tower rising from
+the intersection towards the west end, and having a projecting staircase
+at the south-east angle, terminated by a turret at the summit. The tower
+is supported on strong pointed arches, and was originally open, but is
+now closed from the church by the belfry floor. On the outside of the
+tower, next the street, is a sculpture of an angel supporting a shield,
+impaled with the arms of England and France quarterly. The same arms are
+painted on glass in the window of a small chapel within the church.
+Various chapels and chantries were founded here in the Catholic times,
+and are still partially divided from the body of the church. The
+sepulchral memorials are numerous. Between two columns of the nave,
+surrounded by pews, is an ancient tomb of rich workmanship, having on
+the top, full-length effigies of a Knight and his Lady, both recumbent.
+The Knight is represented in armour, with his hands raised in the
+attitude of prayer across his breast: his head rests on a helmet, having
+a human head, with a long beard, at the upper end; his feet are
+supported on a lion: he has on a hood and gorget of mail; and, on the
+sash, which crosses his body and shoulder, is a rose: opposite to this,
+on his breast-plate, is a dove. The figure of the lady is greatly
+mutilated; her hands and head are broken off; the latter rests on a
+cushion, and is covered with net-work; she is arrayed in a close dress,
+and has a rose on each shoulder. No inscription is remaining on this
+tomb to designate the persons to whose memory it was erected. Torynton
+is supposed to have been the founder of the church; a man in special
+favour with Edmond Plantagenet, Duke of Cornwall. In Sayer's chancel is
+an altar-tomb of alabaster and black marble, in the memory of John
+Sayer, Esq., who was chief cook to Charles II. when in exile, and
+founder of the alms-house for poor widows in this town. A large and
+strong building of brick, erected as a free-school in the reign of Henry
+VIII., and endowed with the lands of the guild or brotherhood of St.
+John the Baptiste, (an ancient foundation in this town,) stands at the
+bottom of the churchyard. In the next reign the school was made a royal
+foundation, and incorporated. The master is appointed by the crown, and
+has apartments at one end of the free school; the school-room occupies
+the centre; and the other end is inhabited by the chaplain and usher.
+Here is also a charity-school, supported by voluntary contributions, &c.
+Numerous donations for charitable purposes have been made to this
+parish, the principal of which was a bequest of L1,000., made by John
+Sayer, Esq., in July, 1681, for the building and endowment of an alms
+house: this was erected after his decease by his relict, who placed in
+it six poor widows, and increased the original endowment by the gift of
+L300. Each widow has a small allowance weekly, and a cloth gown worth
+20s. once in two years. In the 14th of Edward III., two representatives
+were sent from this borough; but this was the only return ever made,
+except to the great council held at Westminster, in the 11th of the same
+King. Berkhampstead had a charter of incorporation granted by James I.,
+but it scarcely survived the reign of his son. An attempt was made to
+revive the charter, a year or two after the restoration, but it did not
+succeed. The honour of Berkhampstead formerly included upwards of
+fifty-five lordships and manors, in the three counties of Herts,
+Northampton, and Buckingham. Berkhampstead-place is situated on a
+pleasant eminence adjoining the town. Great part of the structure was
+erected by the Careys, having been burnt down in the time of the Lord
+Treasurer Weston, who then resided in it: the remainder was afterwards
+repaired, and with some additions, forms the present dwelling. King
+James's children were mostly nursed in this house. The life of Cowper,
+the poet, who was born here, will be given at Olney, on account of the
+length of the present article.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Shrove-Monday, Whit-Monday, for cattle;
+ Aug. 5, cheese; September 29, Oct. 11, statute.--_Mail_ arrives 11.30
+ night; departs 3.30 morning.--_Inn_, Kings Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Description.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its ancient castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: The seat of Kings and Nobles.]
+
+[Sidenote: Now in ruins.]
+
+[Sidenote: The church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Free school.]
+
+[Sidenote: Contained fifty-five lordships.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+ 4|Berkshire[A] co| | | |
+ 29|Berling to|Northumb. |Alnwick 7|Felton 7|
+ 35|Bermersley to|Stafford |Newcastle 6|Leek 7|
+ +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+ 4|Berkshire[A] co| | |145289|
+ 29|Berling to|Widrington 7| 306| |
+ 35|Bermersley to|Cheadle 11| 156| 244|
+ +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BERKSHIRE. This county was originally inhabited by three tribes or
+nations, termed by the Romans Attrebates, Bibroces, and Segontiaci. The
+first occupied part of the west, the south-west and north-west parts.
+The second the south-east parts; and the third a portion of the north
+parts. Under the Romans, this county formed part of the first division
+called Britannia Prima. During the Heptarchy it belonged to the West
+Saxons. It was once called Berrocshire, from the name of a hill covered
+with box, which at one time occupied a large portion of it. It is an
+inland county, bounded on the north by the Thames, which divides it from
+Oxfordshire on the west, and Bucks on the east; and by part of Surrey;
+on the north by Surrey and Hampshire; and on the west by Wilts and a
+small part of Gloucestershire. It is so very irregular in its shape as
+not to admit of any adequate description. Its greatest length is about
+forty-eight miles, and its utmost breadth from north to south about
+twenty-five. In one of the narrowest parts, by Reading, it is about six
+or seven miles, and less still at the eastern extremity. It contains
+about 464,500 acres, and is about 140 miles in circumference; it is in
+the province of Canterbury, and the diocese of Salisbury; (the parish of
+Chilton, which is in the diocese of Oxford, and Langford, which is in
+that of Lincoln, excepted;) subject to an archdeacon, and is divided
+into six deaneries. It is included in the Oxford circuit. There are 20
+hundreds, 12 market towns, 148 parishes (of which 67 are vicarages,) and
+671 villages. The natural divisions of the county are four, 1. The Vale,
+beginning at Budcot, and ending at Streatley. 2. The Chalky Hills,
+running nearly through the centre of the lower part of the county. 3.
+The Vale of the Kennet, extending diagonally from Hungerford to near
+Wargrave. 4. The Forest Division, commencing on the east to Loddon, and
+occupying nearly the entire breadth of this part of the county to Old
+Windsor, and from Sandhurst south to Maidenhead north. The air is deemed
+peculiarly salubrious, particularly on the chalky and gravelly soils,
+which are the most common throughout the county; but the uneven face of
+the country causes some slight degree of variation in this particular,
+though every part is considered healthful and good. The soil is as
+various (though perhaps more mixed) as in the last described county. The
+Vale of White Horse consists generally of a rich strong loam and gravel,
+with some sand and stone brasp, producing corn, wheat, beans, &c. In the
+Chalk Hill district, light black earth on chalk prevails, with flint,
+chalk, gravel, and loam. Here numerous sheep are fed; it produces,
+towards the south and east, turnips, barley; and, when properly manured,
+Lammas wheat and artificial grasses. The Vale of Kennet, is generally
+peat land, with gravel, loam and clay, though in the south east parts a
+poor stony and heathy soil. The Forest District, gravel, clay, and loam,
+except on the south, which is poor and heathy. The principal rivers and
+streams are the Thames, the Kennet, the Loddon, the Lambourn, the Ock,
+the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater. All these, with perhaps the
+exception of the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater, abound with
+almost every kind of fresh water fish. Besides these rivers and streams,
+there are the Ginge Brook, the Moreton Brook, and other rivulets, &c.;
+also some other natural and artificial lakes and ponds. Water, however,
+is generally scarce on the Berkshire downs, and along the whole of the
+chalky stratum. The navigable rivers are the Thames and the Kennet. The
+navigable canals are the Kennet and Avon canal, which joins the river
+Kennet a little above Newbury; the entire length from Newbury to Bath is
+sixty miles--it has been navigable since the year 1798; and the Wilts
+and Berks canal, opened on September 21, 1810, into the Thames at
+Abingdon; from near Bath to Abingdon, about fifty-one and three-quarter
+miles. Mineral waters are by no means common in this county. The natural
+productions of this county, except those which may be considered partly
+agricultural, are neither plentiful or important. There are no minerals
+nor fossils of any great consequence. The strata of sand with
+oyster-shells, and particularly a thick stratum of chalk, is found near
+Reading. The surface of the soil, however, amply compensates for the
+apparent barrenness of the internal parts; and the produce of fat
+cattle, sheep, swine, and grain, is immense; as is also that of fine
+timber, especially oak and beech. Abingdon gives the title of Earl to
+the Bertie family--Coleshill, that of Baron to the Pleydell-Bouverie
+family--Foxley, that of Baron to the Townshend family--Hungerford, that
+of Baron to the Rawdon-Hastings family--Mortimer, the title of Earl to
+the Harley family--Newbury, that of Baron to the Cholmondely
+family--Uffingham, that of Viscount to the Craven family--and Windsor,
+the title of Baron to the Windsor-Hickman family; and Earl, to the
+Stuarts. It has been calculated, that, including houses, mills, and
+other productive revenue arising from or attached to the soil, the
+landed property cannot amount to less than L500,000 per annum, and that
+the largest possessor may have about L8000. The largest possessor, being
+a peer, is the Earl of Craven. The Craven, Englefield, Eyston, Read,
+Southby, Seymour, and Clarke families are among the few ancient families
+who still inherit the same estates, and occupy the same seats, or are
+immediately connected with the county, as their ancestors. Among the
+representatives of some very old families, or in the female line, may be
+ranked the Berties, the Nevilles, the Pleydells, the Puseys, the
+Throckmortons, the Lovedens, the Nelsons, and the Blagraves. The King is
+purposely omitted in this brief list:--his possessions as a landed
+proprietor being well known. Agriculture so much engrosses the attention
+of the people of Berkshire, that very little trade, unconnected with
+these pursuits is carried on. There are, however, some manufactories of
+sail-cloth, kerseys, canvass, and malt; and there are also several
+pretty large breweries in various parts of the county: the Windsor ale
+having acquired considerable celebrity; and at the Temple mills, near
+Bisham, there is a copper manufacture, and a manufacture of potash at
+Milton.
+
+[Sidenote: Its ancient division into three nations.]
+
+[Sidenote: Air, soil, and rivers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Natural productions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient and noble families.]
+
+ Map|Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ 7|Bermondsey[A] pa|Surrey |Bank of Eng. 1|Westm. Ab. 2|
+ 9|Berrier to|Cumberland|Penrith 8|Keswick 10|
+ 36|Berriew |Montgomery|Welch Pool 5|Newtown 9|
+ 5|Berrington ham|Gloucester|Stow 7|Moreton 8|
+ 33|Berrington pa|Salop |Shrewsbury 5|Wellington 10|
+ 42|Berrington to|Worcester |Tenbury 3|Leominster 8|
+ 34|Berrow pa|Somerset |Axbridge 9|Weston 8|
+ 42|Berrow pa|Worcester |Upton 5|Malvern 6|
+ ?1|Berry Narbor pa|Devon |Ilfracombe 3|Barnstaple 8|
+ +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+ 7|Bermondsey[A] pa|Rotherhithe 1| 1| 29741|
+ 9|Berrier to|Carlisle 20| 291| 113|
+ 36|Berriew |Montgomery 4| 172| 2429|
+ 5|Berrington ham|Evesham 8| 94| 129|
+ 33|Berrington pa|Act. Burnell 10| 152| 684|
+ 42|Berrington to|Ludlow 7| 133| 165|
+ 34|Berrow pa|Bridgewater 12| 139| 496|
+ 42|Berrow pa|Tewkesbury 7| 110| 507|
+ ?1|Berry Narbor pa|C. Martin 3| 201| 794|
+ +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BERMONDSEY stretches along the banks of the Thames, from Southwark
+to Deptford, and Rotherhithe eastward, and is much inhabited by
+woolstaplers, fellmongers, curriers, parchment-makers, and other
+manufacturers, with such craftsmen as are connected with the
+construction and management of shipping. A priory for monks was founded
+here in 1082, by Aylwin Child, a citizen of London, and endowed by the
+second William with his manor of Bermondsey. In 1399, it was made an
+abbey, and at the dissolution, it was granted to Sir Thomas Pope, who
+built on its site a large house, which afterwards became the property
+and residence of the Earls of Sussex. Another part of the site is called
+the Abbey House. Catherine, the Queen of Henry V., and Elizabeth, Queen
+of Edward IV. retired to this place, where they died, the former in
+1436; the latter soon after the forfeiture of her lands, by an order of
+the Council, in 1486. The church was erected in 1680, of brick, with a
+low square tower and turret, and consists of a chancel, nave, two
+aisles, and a transept. A free school was founded here by Mr. Josiah
+Bacon, and endowed with a revenue of L150. for the instruction of not
+more than sixty, or fewer than forty boys. A charity-school was also
+established, by contributions, in 1755, for the education of fifty boys
+and thirty girls, and was afterwards endowed by Mr. Nathaniel Smith,
+with a revenue of L40. per annum. The Bermondsey Spa was discovered in
+1770, and, by means of the attractive entertainments contrived by the
+proprietor, became a place of general resort; but soon after his death
+the gardens were closed, and the area is now built upon. This suburban
+parish long retained a very antique air from the age of several of its
+streets and houses, many of which were built of wood. But the spirit of
+improvement has gradually amended its appearance: an act of parliament
+was passed in the year 1823, for watching, paving, cleansing, and
+lighting the parish. A new church has been erected here for the
+convenience of the parishioners, at a moderate distance from the mother
+church; it is, however, subordinate to the original rectory.
+
+[Sidenote: Royal residence.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church and schools.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County.| Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+ 52|Bersham Drelincourt to|Denbigh |Holt 6|Llangollen 12|
+ 38|Bersted, South pa|Sussex |Chichester 5|Arundel 9|
+ 38|Berwick pa|Sussex |Lewes 8|Seaford 4|
+ 33|Berwick, Gt. & L. ham|Salop |Shrewsbury 2|Wem 10|
+ 29|Berwick Hill to|Northumb|Newcastle 10|Corbridge 13|
+ 41|Berwick, St. James pa|Wilts |Amesbury 6|Wilton 6|
+ 41|Berwick, St. John pa|Wilts |Shaftesbury 5|Hindon 7|
+ 41|Berwick, St. Leonard p|Wilts |Hindon 1|Amesbury 16|
+ 31|Berwick-Prior lib|Oxford |Wallingford 5|Watlington 5|
+ 31|Berwick-Salome pa|Oxford | ... 4| ... 5|
+ +--+----------------------+--------+------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+ 11|Berry Pomeroy[A] pa|Brixham 7| 197| 1186|
+ 52|Bersham Drelincourt to|Mold 14| 179| 1240|
+ 38|Bersted, South pa|Lt. Hampton 9| 67| 2190|
+ 38|Berwick pa|Hailsham 6| 58| 203|
+ 33|Berwick, Gt. & L. ham|Albrighton 3| 155| |
+ 29|Berwick Hill to|Morpeth 10| 284| 105|
+ 41|Berwick, St. James pa|Salisbury 9| 83| 232|
+ 41|Berwick, St. John pa|Wilton 12| 97| 425|
+ 41|Berwick, St. Leonard p|Warminster 10| 93| 51|
+ 31|Berwick-Prior lib|Dorchester 4| 49| |
+ 31|Berwick-Salome pa| ... 4| 49| 134|
+ +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BERRY POMEROY. This place, situated in the hundred of Hayter,
+derives its name from the Pomeroys, a very considerable family in these
+parts. Ralph de Pomeroy, who came to England with William the Norman,
+and for his services was rewarded with fifty-eight lordships in this
+county, built a castle here, the magnificent ruins of which, seated on a
+rocky eminence, rising over a pellucid brook, now form, in combination
+with the other features of the scenery, one of the most delightful views
+in Devonshire. The approach to the castle, observes Dr. Matton, in his
+Observations on the Western Counties, "is through a thick wood,
+extending along the slope of a range of hills that entirely intercept
+any prospect to the south: on the opposite side is a steep rocky ridge,
+covered with oak, so that the ruins are shut into a beautiful valley.
+The great gate, with the walls of the south front, the north wing of the
+court, or quadrangle, some apartments on the west side, and a turret or
+two, are the principal remains of the building; and these are so finely
+overhung with the branches of trees and shrubs which grow close to the
+walls, so beautifully mantled with ivy, and so richly incrusted with
+moss, that they constitute the most picturesque objects that can be
+imagined; and when the surrounding scenery is taken into the account,
+the noble mass of wood fronting the gate, the bold ridges rising in the
+horizon, and the fertile valley opening to the east, the ruins of Berry
+Pomeroy Castle must be considered as almost unparalleled in their
+effect." The posterity of Ralph de Pomeroy resided here till the reign
+of Edward VI., when Sir Thomas Pomeroy sold the manor to Edward Seymour,
+Duke of Somerset, from whom it has descended to the present Duke of
+Somerset. Berry Pomeroy Castle, whose venerable ruins we have just
+mentioned, appears to have been originally quadrangular, and to have had
+but one entrance, which was on the south side, between two hexagonal
+towers, through a double gateway; the first of which was machiolated,
+and strengthened by angular bastions, and having over it the Pomeroy
+arms, still visible. A small room over the gateway was probably the
+chapel: it is divided by a wall, supported by pillars and arches. From
+the eastern tower is a fine view of the surrounding country. The ruins
+in the interior part, or quadrangle, are considerably more modern than
+the rest of the building. These appear to have belonged to a
+"magnificent structure," commenced, says Prince, in his Worthies of
+Devonshire, by the Seymours, at an expense of L20,000, but "never
+brought to perfection: for the west side of the mansion was never begun:
+what was finished may be thus described. Before the door of the Great
+Hall was a noble walk whose length was the breadth of the court, arched
+over with curiously carved free-stone, supported in the fore part by
+several stately pillars of the same stone, of great dimensions, after
+the Corinthian order, standing on pedestals, having cornices and freezes
+finely wrought. The apartments within were very splendid, especially the
+dining-room; and many other of the rooms were well adorned with
+mouldings and fret-work; some of whose marble clavils were so delicately
+fine, that they would reflect an object true and lively from a great
+distance. Notwithstanding which it is now demolished, and all this glory
+lyeth in the dust, buried in its own ruins; there being nothing standing
+but a few broken walls, which seem to mourn their own approaching
+funerals." The walls are formed of slate, and appear to be rapidly
+decaying. The grounds round the castle consist of steep eminences,
+covered with oak and other trees. Even in the court, and remains of the
+fortress itself, trees of nearly a century's growth are flourishing in
+luxuriance, and compose, with the shrubs thickly scattered within the
+area, a scene highly beautiful. In the wars between Charles I. and the
+Parliament this castle was dismantled. Berry Pomeroy Church, which was
+built by one of the Pomeroy family, contains a splendid alabaster
+monument to the memory of Lord Edward Seymour, Knt. son to the Duke of
+Somerset; Edward Seymour, Bart. and his Lady, the daughter of Sir Arthur
+Champernoune. The two first are represented in armour; the knight having
+a truncheon in his hand, and lying cross-legged. The lady is in a black
+dress, with the figure of a child, in a cradle, at her head, and at her
+feet another in a chair: below are nine figures kneeling, with books
+open before them. This monument was repaired by the late Duke of
+Somerset, the eighth lineal descendant of the Duke of Somerset the
+Protector.
+
+[Sidenote: Castle in ruins.]
+
+[Sidenote: Former state of the castle.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+----------+
+ 29|Berwick-upon-T[A] m.t.|Northumb |Coldstream 13|Dunbar 30|
+ 33|Besford to|Salop |Shawbury 3|Weston 3|
+ 42|Besford pa|Worcester|Pershore 3|Upton 5|
+ +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+----+
+ 29|Berwick-upon-T[A] m.t.|Edinburgh 58| 337|8920|
+ 33|Besford to|Wem 5| 158| 158|
+ 42|Besford pa|Worcester 10| 109| 146|
+ +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BERWICK. The town is situated N. by W. from Newcastle. King Edgar
+gave it, with Coldingham, to the church of Durham; but it was afterwards
+forfeited by Bishop Flambard. It had a church in the reign of Alexander,
+and, in David's time constituted one of the four boroughs where courts
+of trade were wont to be held. In 1173, it was reduced to ashes; and in
+the following year, Earl Duncan marched to the place, and butchered its
+defenceless inhabitants. Henry II. having obtained the castle as a
+pledge for King William, strengthened its fortifications. It was
+restored, however, in the following reign. King John made dreadful
+ravages in the town and neighbourhood. A convention was held here by
+Edward I., in 1291, to arbitrate the claims to the crown of Scotland,
+which were at length determined in favour of his creature, Baliol. This
+prince having shortly afterwards thrown off his allegiance, Berwick
+became exposed to the fury of Edward's resentment. In 1296, the English
+king fortified it with a wall and a fosse, and in the same year received
+the homage of the Scotch nobility here In 1297, the town was taken by
+Sir William Wallace; but the castle held out, and after a long assault,
+was relieved. Wallace about eight years after this was betrayed, and
+half of his body exposed upon Berwick-bridge. The Countess of Buchan,
+for crowning Robert Bruce, at Scone, was shut up here in a wooden cage,
+six years, and then released. Edward II. and his queen wintered at
+Berwick in 1310. He assembled his army here before the battle of
+Bannockburn. Peter Spalding betrayed this place into the hands of Robert
+Bruce in 1318: many attempts were made to recover it, which was not
+effected till the day after the battle of Hallidon-hill, in 1333. Edward
+III. was here in 1335, with a great army in 1340, and the year after, at
+Easter, held a tournament; but during his absence in France, in November
+1353, the Scots surprized and took the town. The castle, under the
+renowned Sir John Copeland, held out till Edward, in February following,
+arrived with a great army, and forced the Scotch to capitulate. Seven
+Scotchmen, in 1377, surprised the castle, and held it eight days against
+7,000 archers, and 3,000 cavalry. The deputy-governor, under the Earl of
+Northumberland, betrayed it into the enemy's hands in 1384; but the earl
+soon after recovered it. Through the solicitation of his uncle the Earl
+of Worcester, engaging in the rebellion against Henry IV., in 1406, he
+employed this fortress against the king; but a cannon-shot, the first
+that was ever fired in England, so alarmed the garrison, that it,
+immediately surrendered. According to Walsingham and Speed, this shot
+was of a large size, and demolished great part of a tower. In 1811, a
+ball of cast iron, weighing ninety-six pounds, answering to this
+account, was found in a part of the ruins of the castle. It had
+penetrated the wall about three yards, at a place where it was flanked
+with a tower. An unsuccessful attempt was made to reduce it in 1422; but
+after the battle of Towton, in 1461, it was again in the hands of the
+Scots, who strengthened its walls, and held it till 1482, when it
+finally came into possession of the English. "From that time," observes
+Camden, "the kings of England have continually added works to it,
+particularly Queen Elizabeth, who, lately to the terror of the enemy,
+and security of the towns-people, contracted the circuit of the walls,
+drawing within the old ones a very high wall, well built of strong
+stone, surrounded by a deep ditch, a regular rampart, redoubt,
+counterscarps, and covered ways, so that the form and strength of the
+fortifications are sufficient to discourage all hopes of carrying it by
+assault, not to mention the bravery of the garrison, and the stores in
+the place, which exceed belief." Between the years 1761 and 1770 the
+walls were almost entirely rebuilt in many parts, and finished in 1786.
+The governor of Berwick has a salary of L586. 7s. 1d. The barracks
+measure 217 by 121; and contain twenty-four rooms for officers, and
+seventy-two rooms adapted to hold 567 privates. The church of Berwick, a
+peculiar of the dean and chapter of Durham, stands on the north side of
+the parade. It was rebuilt between 1642 and 1652, at the cost of L1400.
+It has no steeple. It consists of three aisles, and several galleries,
+all handsomely pewed. The Worshipful Mercers' Company, in London,
+founded a lectureship here. David I., King of Scotland, founded here a
+convent for Cistertian Nuns; and Robert III, granted its revenues to
+Dryburgh Abbey. The convent of Carmelites originated with Sir John Grey,
+in 1270. The Scotch King, in 1239, brought hither a convent of
+Dominicans, which Edward III. removed. The Trinitarians had a house
+here, as had the Franciscans; and between the sea and the town, in
+Maudlin-field, stood the hospital and free chapel of St. Mary Magdalen,
+which had an hospital or hermitage belonging to it at Segeden.--Queen
+Elizabeth founded a free school here; and a charity-school was rebuilt
+in 1725, in which twenty boys and six girls are clothed and educated.
+Berwick bridge was swept away by a flood in 1199. It was rebuilt of
+wood, of which it consisted, till the time of James I., who commenced
+the present elegant structure of stone. It has fifteen arches; its
+length being 1164 feet, and its breadth seventeen. It was twenty-four
+years, four months, and four days in building, and cost government
+L14,960 1s. 6d. The Town Hall was built in 1754. On its ground-floor, on
+the east-side, is a piazza, called the Exchange; and opposite it are
+cells for criminals, and shops. The second floor consists of two
+spacious halls. The outer hall, for holding courts and guilds, measures,
+sixty feet by thirty-one. The inner hall forty-seven feet long and
+twenty-three feet broad, is occasionally occupied for public
+entertainments. The upper story is the common gaol of the town. The
+turret, 150 feet high, contains eight musical bells. The first charter
+of the corporation was granted by Edward I. The corporation were first
+summoned to send members to parliament in the latter end of the reign of
+Edward IV. The last charter of this town was granted by James I. The
+corporation now consists of a mayor, recorder, town clerk, four
+bailiffs, a coroner, four serjeants at mace, and a water-bailiff. The
+mayor is also escheator in the borough, clerk of the market, and a
+justice of the peace; the other justices of the town being the recorder
+and such resident burgesses as have sustained the office of mayor. They
+are lords of the manor of Tweedmouth, where they hold a court-leet and
+court-baron twice a year. Their annual revenues arising from duties
+taken at the quay and gates, are estimated at L7000. Besides the trade
+in salmon, great quantities of corn and eggs are exported here for
+London. One morning in the month of October, 1814, there were upwards of
+10,000 salmon, in Berwick market, caught in the Tweed, some of which
+might have been bought at 2s. each. At the same time, the finest
+herrings (of which an immense shoal was on the coast) were sold for 2s.
+the hundred of six score. On the same day the best salmon was sold in
+Newcastle market at 6d. per pound, and some of the inferior kind as low
+as 4d. The port has about sixty or seventy vessels. The harbour abounds
+with low dangerous rocks. At its mouth a noble pier has recently been
+constructed on the site of an old one, built by Queen Elizabeth. Berwick
+Castle, once a place of high importance, is now almost levelled with the
+ground. About 400 yards north of it, is a pentagonal tower, called the
+Bell Tower, having its name from containing a bell, which was rung on
+any occasion of alarm.
+
+ _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Friday in Trinity Week,
+ for black cattle, sheep, and horses.--_Mail_ arrives 9.49 morning;
+ departs 2.1 afternoon.--_Bankers_, Commercial Banking Company; draw
+ on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Batson and Co.: draw on Glynn and
+ Co.--_Inns_, King's Arms, and Red Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: The disputed town.]
+
+[Sidenote: Countess of Buchan shut up in a cage six years.]
+
+[Sidenote: The first cannon-ball used in England.]
+
+[Sidenote: The church and convents.]
+
+[Sidenote: The bridge 24 years in building.]
+
+[Sidenote: Municipal officers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Salmon and herring fisheries.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ 4|Besselsleigh[A] pa|Berks |Abingdon 5|Oxford 6|
+ 43|Bessingby pa|E.R. York |Bridlington 2|Carnaby 1|
+ 27|Bessingham pa|Norfolk |Cromer 6|Holt 6|
+ 27|Besthorpe pa|Norfolk |Attleborough 1|Buckenham 4|
+ 30|Besthorp to|Nottingham|Newark 8|Tuxford 8|
+ 22|Beswick to|Lancaster |Stockport 7|Bury 9|
+ 46|Beswick chap|E.R. York |Beverly 7|Gt Driffield 7|
+ 37|Betchworth pa|Surrey |Reigate 3|Dorking 3|
+ 21|Bethersden pa|Kent |Ashford 6|Tenterden 7|
+ +--+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+ 4|Besselsleigh[A] pa|Farringdon 14| 60| 124|
+ 43|Bessingby pa|Hornsea 12| 238| 83|
+ 27|Bessingham pa|Aylesham 8| 116| 137|
+ 27|Besthorpe pa|Wymondham 6| 95| 542|
+ 30|Besthorp to|Saxilby 9| 132| 322|
+ 22|Beswick to|Bolton 12| 183| 248|
+ 46|Beswick chap|Hornsea 13| 190| 205|
+ 37|Betchworth pa|Leatherhead 7| 26| 1100|
+ 21|Bethersden pa|Smarden 4| 54| 973|
+ +--+------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BESSELSLEIGH, is a small village, in the hundred of Hormer. The
+manor formerly belonged to the family of Legh, from which it passed, by
+a female heir, to that of Besils, or Blesells, which flourished there
+for several centuries. "At this Legh," says Leland, "be very fayre
+pastures and woodes. The Blesells hathe bene lords of it syns the tyme
+of Edwarde the First, or afore, and ther they dyd enhabite. The place is
+all of stone, and stondithe at the west end of the paroche churche. The
+Blesells cam out of Provence in Fraunce, and were men of activitye in
+feates of armes, as it appearith in monuments at Legh, how he faught in
+Listes with a strange knighte that chalengyd hym, at the whiche deade
+the Kynge and Quene at that tyme of England, were present. The Blesells
+were countyd to have pocessyons of 400 marks by the yere." In the year
+1516, the estates of the Blesells were carried, by the marriage of an
+heiress, to the Fettiplaces, a respectable Berkshire family, one of whom
+Besil Fettiplace, Esq., was High Sheriff in the 26th of Queen Elizabeth.
+The manor of Besselsleigh was purchased of the Fettiplaces, by William
+Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the Long Parliament, whose descendants now
+reside at Burford, in Oxfordshire.
+
+[Sidenote: The Blessell's family.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+ 25|Bethnal Green[A] pa|Middlesex |Popular 2|Stratford 2|
+ 35|Betley pa|Stafford |Newcastle 7|Nantwich 8|
+ 12|Bettescombe pa|Dorset |Lyme Regis 6|Axminster 5|
+ 53|Bettesfield |Flint |Whitchurch 6|Ellesmere 6|
+ 21|Betteshanger pa|Kent |Sandwich 4|Deal 4|
+ 33|Betton ham|Salop |Drayton 2|Adderley 4|
+ 33|Betton ham|Salop |Shrewsbury 3|Ch. Stretton 11|
+ 33|Bettws pa|Salop |Knighton 7|Bis. Castle 11|
+ 49|Bettws pa|Carmarthen|Llandillo 7|Camarthen 18|
+ 52|Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B] pa|Denbigh |Abergeley 4|Aberconway 9|
+ 54|Bettws pa|Glamorgan |Bridgend 5|Pyle 5|
+ 55|Bettws to|Merioneth |Bala 2|Corwen 11|
+ 26|Bettws pa|Monmouth |Newport 3|Careleon 4|
+ 26|Bettws ham|Monmouth |Abergavenny 5|Lanthony 7|
+ 56|Bettws pa|Montgomery|Newtown 4|Montgomery 7|
+ 51|Bettws Bleddrws[C] pa|Cardigan |Lampeter 2|Tregaron 9|
+ 58|Bettws Clyro pa|Radnor |Hay 4|Kington 8|
+ 58|Bettws Diserth pa|Radnor |New Radnor 8|Builth 6|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+ 25|Bethnal Green[A] pa|Clapton 3| 1| 62018|
+ 35|Betley pa|Keel 5| 157| 870|
+ 12|Bettescombe pa|Charmouth 5| 146| 65|
+ 53|Bettesfield |Oswestry 14| 173| 359|
+ 21|Betteshanger pa|Wingham 5| 67| 20|
+ 33|Betton ham|Woore 6| 155| |
+ 33|Betton ham|Wenlock 11| 159| |
+ 33|Bettws pa|Ludlow 22| 164| 389|
+ 49|Bettws pa|Neath 13| 211| 830|
+ 52|Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B] pa|Denbigh 11| 214| 912|
+ 54|Bettws pa|Neath 13| 186| 362|
+ 55|Bettws to|Llandrillo 7| 195| |
+ 26|Bettws pa|Pontypool 7| 151| 95|
+ 26|Bettws ham|Crickhowel 8| 151| |
+ 56|Bettws pa|Llanfair 7| 175| |
+ 51|Bettws Bleddrws[C] pa|Llandovery 20| 211| 235|
+ 58|Bettws Clyro pa|Glasbury 7| 160| |
+ 58|Bettws Diserth pa|Rhayader 15| 173| 141|
+ +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BETHNAL GREEN. There is a curious legend relating to this place, of
+which Henry de Mountfort, son of the ambitious Earl of Liecester, who
+was slain with his father at the memorable battle of Evesham, is the
+hero. He is supposed to have been discovered among the bodies of the
+dying and the dead (by a young lady) in an almost lifeless state, and
+deprived of his sight by a wound which he had received during the
+engagement. Under the fostering hand of this "faire damosel" he soon
+recovered, and afterwards marrying her, she became the mother of the
+celebrated "Besse," the heroine of the popular ballad of the beggar's
+daughter of Bethnal-green, written in the reign of Elizabeth. Fearing
+least his rank and title should be discovered by his enemies, he is said
+to have disguised himself as a beggar, and taken up his residence at
+Bethnal-green. The beauty of the daughter attracted many suitors, and
+she was at length married to a noble knight, who, regardless of her
+supposed meanness and poverty, had the courage to make her his wife: her
+other lovers having deserted her on account of her low origin. At
+Bethnal-green is an old mansion, which the inhabitants, with their usual
+love of traditionary lore, assign as the palace of the blind beggar. The
+tradition, though with very little grounds for its foundation, is still
+preserved on the sign posts of several public houses in the
+neighbourhood. On the 19th September, 1826, the parish officers of
+Bethnal-green waited on the Secretary of State for the Home Department,
+and stated that a lawless gang, of 500 or more, thieves infested that
+neighbourhood and committed the most dreadful outrages nightly, upwards
+of fifty persons having been robbed and beaten in the course of a week;
+the secretary ordered forty men mounted, to patrole the parish, and aid
+the local authorities in bringing the offenders to justice. The hospital
+called the Trinity House, founded in the year 1695, for twenty-eight
+ancient seamen, who have been masters of ships, and their widows, is in
+this parish. The funds arising from the ballast-offices, lighthouses,
+buoys, beacons, &c. are appropriated by parliament to this corporation.
+Each of the inmates receives 16s. a month, 20s. a year for coals, and a
+new gown every second year. Many of the streets of this parish are
+almost wholly occupied by the operative silk-weavers.
+
+[Sidenote: The blind beggar of Bethnal-green.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gang of 500 thieves, in 1826.]
+
+
+[B] BETTWS-YN-RHOS. _Fairs_, February 20, May 8, August 15, and November
+20.
+
+
+[C] BETTWS BLEDDRWS. In this neighbourhood there exists a curious custom
+relating to marriage, called a bidding, which takes place about a week
+previous to the day of ceremony. The banns are published as in England.
+A bidder goes from house to house, with a long pole and ribbons flying
+at the end of it, and standing in the middle floor in each house, he
+repeats a long lesson, with great formality. He mentions the day of the
+wedding, the place, the preparations made, &c. The following is a
+specimen:--Speech of the Bidder in 1762. "The intention of the bidder is
+this; with kindness and amity, with decency and liberality for Einion
+Owain, and Llio Elys, he invites you to come with your good will on the
+plate; bring current money; a shilling, or two, or three, or four, or
+five; with cheese and butter we invite the husband and wife, and
+children, and men-servants, from the greatest to the least. Come there
+early, you shall have victuals freely, and drink cheap, stools to sit
+on, and fish if we can catch them; but if not, hold us excuseable; and
+they will attend on you when you call in upon them in return. They set
+out from such a place to such a place." The gwahodder, or bidder, has
+eight or ten shillings for his trouble. Saturday is always fixed on as
+the day of marriage, and Friday is allotted to bring home the furniture
+of the woman, consisting generally of an oak chest, a feather bed,
+clothes, &c. The man provides a bedstead, a table, a dresser and chairs.
+The evening is moreover employed in receiving presents of money, cheese,
+and butter, at the man's house, from his friends, and at the woman's
+house from her friends. This is called purse and girdle, it is an
+ancient British custom. All these presents are set down minutely on
+paper. If demanded, they are to be repaid. On Saturday, the friends of
+the man come all on horseback, from the number of eighty to a hundred,
+and have bread and cheese, and ale at his cost, making at the same time
+their presents, or pay pwython, i.e. the presents that have been made at
+their weddings. From ten to twenty of the best mounted go to the
+intended bride's house to demand her. The woman with her friends are
+expecting the summons, but she appears very uncomplying, and much Welsh
+poetry is employed by way of argument; one party being within the house,
+the other without, abusing each other much. Several persons then deliver
+orations on horseback, with their hats off, demanding the daughter from
+the father, who were answered by persons appointed for the business. At
+length the father appears, admitting and welcoming his guests. They
+alight, walk in, take some refreshments, and proceed to church. The girl
+mounts behind her father, mother, or friend, upon the swiftest horse
+that can be procured. Her friends then pretend to run away with her,
+riding like mad folks, in any direction. During this time, the girl has
+no pillion, sitting upon the crupper, and holding by the man's coat, at
+last the horse is tired, or the bride growing impatient consents to go,
+using only some feints to get out of the road, till they arrive at the
+church. The ceremony being over, they return to the married couple's
+house, eating at free cost, but finding their own liquor. Sunday being
+come, the married pair stay at home receiving good will and pwython. On
+Monday the drink is exhausted, and the cheese, &c. is sold, frequently
+making, with the money presented, a sum of L50 to L60. On the following
+Sunday, most of the company attend the young pair to church, and the
+ceremony closes. Among the eminent natives of this neighbourhood, was
+David ap Gwylim, of Bro Ginin, whose works appeared in a large volume,
+in the year 1789. He nourished from about the year 1330 to 1370. In
+early life he enjoyed the munificent patronage of Ivor the generous, an
+ancestor of the Tredegar family. Under the influence of a passion for
+the fair Morvudd he composed 147 poems. Their loves were mutual, but her
+friends induced her to accept a wealthy connection, named Rhys Gwrgan,
+an officer of the English army, who served at the battle of Cressy,
+1346; Dab Gwilym persuaded Morvudd to escape with him, during the
+absence of her husband in France; in consequent of which he was
+imprisoned, but liberated through the influence of his friends. It is
+from the poems of this author, that the modern literary dialect has
+chiefly been formed.
+
+ _Fairs_, August 17, and September 23 and 27.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious marriage customs.]
+
+[Sidenote: A Welsh poet.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 50| Bettws Garmon pa |Carnarvon|Carnarvon 5| Beddgelart 7|
+ +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 50| Bettws Garmon pa |Llanberris 6| 230| 128|
+ +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-------------------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
+ 55|Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A] pa|Merioneth |Corwen 5|Bala 11|
+ 51|Bettws Jevan pa|Cardigan |Newcastle 7|Cardigan 10|
+ 51|Bettws Lleuce pa|Cardigan |Lampeter 8|Tregaron 6|
+ 26|Bettws Newydd pa|Monmouth |Usk 4|Abergavenny 7|
+ 50|Bettws-Y-Coed[B] pa|Caernarvon|Llanrwst 5|Bangor 20|
+ 30|Bevercoates pa|Nottingham|Tuxford 3|Ollerton 5|
+ 42|Beverege isl|Worcester |Worcester 2|Droitwich 5|
+ 46|Beverley[C] m.t. & bo|E.R. York |Hull 9|Scarborough 35|
+ +--+-------------------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+ 55|Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A] pa|Ruthin 12| 199| 273|
+ 51|Bettws Jevan pa|Llanarth 9| 236| 386|
+ 51|Bettws Lleuce pa|Aberystwith 16| 217| 381|
+ 26|Bettws Newydd pa|Monmouth 12| 142| 890|
+ 50|Bettws-Y-Coed[B] pa|Corwen 23| 217| 348|
+ 30|Bevercoates pa|E. Retford 7| 140| 51|
+ 42|Beverege isl|Bewdley 12| 113| |
+ 46|Beverley[C] m.t. & bo|York 28| 183| 8302|
+ +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BETTWS GWERFYL.--_Fairs_, March 16, June 22, August 12, September
+16, and Dec. 12.
+
+
+[B] BETTWS-Y-COED. At this village, which contains scarcely a hundred
+houses, is the picturesque bridge of Pont-y-Pain, beneath which is a
+famous salmon leap; and the road leads into the luxuriant vale of
+Llanwrst, in the neighbourhood of which are many seats. The principal of
+these is Gwydir House, an ancient mansion of the Wynnes; and now an
+occasional residence of Lord Gwydir. Two miles northward is the village
+of Trefrew, remarkable chiefly for a saline spring, and the site of a
+royal palace, built by Llewelyn. Between two mountains, near this place
+are some capital mines, the produce of which are lead, calamine, mixed
+with iron, ochre, and pyrites. Bettws-y-Coed lies on the mail-coach road
+to Holyhead. From Cernioge Mawr, through this place to Ogwen Lake, a
+broad smooth, and well protected road has been made among the rocky
+precipices with which the mountainous country abounds. The village
+church contains an ancient but very perfect tomb of Gryffyd, grand
+nephew of Llewellyn, the last prince of Wales. This interesting monument
+is concealed rather awkwardly beneath one of the benches.
+
+ _Fairs_, May 15, and December 3.--_Mail_ arrives 6.30 afternoon;
+ departs 6.0 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Gwydir House.]
+
+
+[C] BEVERLEY. This important market town lies at the foot of the wolds,
+it was anciently called Dierwald: the wood of the Deiri; from its
+extensive forest. Its present appellation may be a corruption of Beaver
+ley; beavers having abounded in the neighbouring river, Hull. Its origin
+and early history were totally unknown, till the beginning of the eighth
+century, when St. John of Beverley founded a church and monastery, and
+died there. This institution was several times destroyed by the Danes;
+and there is a pause in its history, till Athelstan granted to it many
+priviledges, and built a new college. Many archbishops of York were
+benefactors to the monastery, and expended large sums in beautifying the
+church. In the early part of the civil war, Charles I. had his quarters
+here; and subsequently the town was taken by the parliamentarians. It
+appears that Beverley derived its first and greatest importance from its
+connexion with the saint. In its present state, the town is extensive
+and pleasant. The entrance from Driffield, through an ancient gateway
+into a spacious street of elegant houses, is particularly beautiful. Its
+market-place also being large and commodious, is a principal ornament.
+The church of St. John, which is in excellent preservation, is a superb
+edifice, adorned at its west end with two lofty steeples. Within it is
+rich in relics of antiquity. Gisbon, describing it, says "the minster
+here is a very fair and neat structure: the roof is an arch of stone. In
+it are several monuments of the Earls of Northumberland, who have added
+a little chapel to the choir; in the windows whereof are the pictures of
+several of that family, drawn in the glass. At the upper end of the
+choir, on the right side of the altar place, stands the freedstool, made
+of one entire stone, and said to have been removed from Scotland; with a
+well of water behind it. At the upper end of the body of the church,
+next the choir, hangs an ancient tablet, with the pictures of St. John
+and king Athelstan, and this distich:
+
+ 'Als free make I thee,
+ As heart can wish, or egh can see.'"
+
+Hence, adds our author, the burgesses of Beverley pay no toll or custom
+in any port or town of England. The choir is paved with marble of four
+colours. Over the altar is a magnificent wooden arch supported by eight
+fluted Corinthian pillars. The east window now contains all the painted
+glass which could be collected from the others. The screen, between the
+choir and the nave, is Gothic, and is justly esteemed a principal
+ornament of the edifice. At the lower end of the body of the church
+stands a large font of agate stone. In 1664, a vault was discovered of
+free-stone, in which was a sheet of lead, containing the relics of St.
+John, with an inscription, dated 1197, which imported that, the church
+having been destroyed by fire, the ashes had been for some time lost,
+but that at length they had been found and there deposited. They were
+contained in a small leaden box, and consisted of a few bones, six
+beads, some large nails, and three brass pins. The whole was piously
+replaced, with an appropriate inscription; and, in 1726, the spot was
+adorned with an arch of brick-work.--The church of St. Mary is also a
+large and handsome structure; and like the minster, was destroyed in
+1528, by the fall of its steeple. It contains some monuments and
+inscriptions; but none of note.--Beverley is a corporate town, and is
+governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and thirteen of the principal
+burgesses. The whole number of these last is about 1200; and many
+persons are induced to purchase their freedom, by the privileges and
+immunities which it confers: among these are extensive rights of pasture
+on four commons, near the town; and, as we have observed, liberation
+from all tolls throughout the kingdom. Besides its churches, Beverley
+has the following public edifices and charitable institutions: the
+Hallgarth, a beautiful and spacious hall, in which are held the
+sessions, and a register-office for deeds and wills; an elegant market
+cross, supported by eight columns; each one entire piece of free-stone;
+a common gaol, which was rebuilt thirty-five years since, with due
+attention to the suitable accommodation of its inmates; seven
+alms-houses with funds, for the erection of two more; a work-house,
+which cost L700; and finally, an excellent free-school, to the scholars
+of which are appropriated two fellowships at St. John's Cambridge, six
+scholarships, and three exhibitions. The trade of Beverley arises
+chiefly from the making of malt, oat-meal, and leather: formerly it was
+somewhat celebrated for clothing. The vicinity of the town, particularly
+towards the west, is rather pleasing; and commands several interesting
+prospects. At the distance of three miles, is the moated site of
+Lekingfield House, which was demolished, probably, about the end of the
+sixteenth century. The barbarous custom of baiting a bull on the day of
+the mayor being sworn into office, to the disgrace of the town, still
+continues. In the Grammar school were educated Bishops Allcock, Fisher,
+and Green; and here was painted as early as 1509, the figure of a man on
+horseback, by 'Hugh Goes.' Beverley is remarkable as being the
+birth-place of the following eminent persons, viz.: Aluridus, an ancient
+historian, who died in 1129. Dr. John Allcock, the founder of Jesus
+College, Oxford, who was the most celebrated divine, scholar, and
+architect of his time. In 1470, he was made a privy counsellor and
+embassador to the King of Castile. He was successively Bishop of
+Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, Lord High Chancellor of England, and lord
+President of Wales. In his capacity of an architect, few, if any, ever
+excelled him, and his correct judgment in this science procured him the
+appointment of Comptroller of the Royal Works. He founded the Grammar
+School of Kingston upon Hull, and built a chapel, on the south side of
+the church, where his parents were buried. The beautiful hall of the
+episcopal palace of Ely was erected from his design and at his expense.
+He very elegantly enlarged the parish church of Westbury, and built that
+sumptuous and beautiful chapel in the Presbytery of Ely Cathedral, where
+he was buried, and which remains at the present day, a monument of his
+correct judgment; but all these fall into shadow, when compared with
+that gorgeous and exquisite mass of enrichment, Henry the Seventh's
+Chapel at Westminster; of which, if he was not the immediate designer,
+he was at least the able manager and superintendant of its erection--a
+monument of pious munificence that will be endeared to every lover of
+art, when the living temple of its projector is forgotten. He died at
+his castle of Wisbeach, October 1, 1500.--John Fisher, Bishop of
+Rochester, was born here in 1459. His father was so eminent a scholar
+and divine, that Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VII.,
+although unknown to him, sent for him, and appointed him her domestic
+chaplain; and to his councils posterity are mainly indebted for those
+magnificent foundations, St. John's and Christ's College at Cambridge.
+This amiable bishop, with all his virtues, could not preserve himself
+from the malignity of "the worst of England's monarchs"--Henry VIII.;
+and under the pretence of being inimical to the marriage of the king
+with Ann Bolyen, he was thrown into prison, and most barbarously
+treated; here he continued for nearly a year, and might have been left
+to die of ill treatment and old age, had it not been for the
+unseasonable mark of respect paid him by Pope Paul III., who created
+him, May 15, 1535, Cardinal Priest of St. Vitalis. Henry forbade the hat
+to be brought into England, and sent Lord Cromwell to examine the Bishop
+about the affair. "My Lord of Rochester," (says Cromwell) "what would
+you say if the Pope should send you a Cardinal's hat," upon which the
+Bishop replied, "Sir, I know myself to be so far unworthy of such
+dignity that I think of nothing less; but if any thing should happen
+assure yourself that I should improve that favour to the best advantage
+that I could, by assisting the Holy Catholic Church of Christ, and in
+that respect I would receive it upon my knees." When the answer was
+brought, the king said in a great passion, "yea! is he yet so
+lusty--well, let the Pope send him a hat when he will--mother of God! he
+shall wear it on his shoulders then, for I will leave him never a head
+to set it on." His ruin being now determined, but hardly daring to take
+his life upon such trivial grounds, the king sent that most fawning and
+contemptible creature, Sir Richard Rich, Solicitor-General, to draw from
+him something that might convict him. This wiley wretch gradually drew
+from him a private opinion concerning the king's supremacy, telling the
+Bishop at the same time, that it was a scruple of the King's conscience
+that made him ask for it. Thus entrapped he was not allowed to make a
+defence, but was tried by a bill of attainder for high treason, and
+executed on the 22d of the same month, and his head placed on London
+bridge. Thus perished this good, but ill-fated prelate, in the 77th year
+of his age, which dreadful tragedy, as Bishop Burnet observes, "Has left
+one of the greatest blots upon this kingdom's proceedings."--The Rev.
+John Green was also a native of this place, he was born in 1706,
+educated at the Grammar School here, and finished his university
+education at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he became master of
+arts; he afterwards engaged himself as usher of a school at Litchfield,
+where he became acquainted with Dr. Johnson, and Mr. Garrick. In 1730,
+he was elected a fellow of St. John's College, and soon afterwards the
+Bishop procured for him the vicarage of Hingeston. In 1744, Charles,
+Duke of Somerset, and Chancellor of the University, made him his
+domestic chaplain. In June 1750, he was elected master of Bennet
+College, and in 1756, Dean of Lincoln, then Vice-chancellor of the
+University of Cambridge; and at last, through the influence of his
+patron, the Duke of Newcastle, preferred to the See of Lincoln. He was
+the friend and colleague of Archbishop Secker, who had always a just
+esteem for his virtues and abilities. After the death of Lord
+Willoughby, of Parham, in 1765, the literary meetings of the Royal
+Society used to be held in his lordship's house, as one of its most
+accomplished members. In June 1761, he exerted his problematical talents
+in two letters "On the Principles and Practice of the Methodists," which
+he addressed to the Rev. Mr. Berridge and Mr. Whitfield; and to the
+honour of this prelate be it spoken, that when the Bill for the Relief
+of the Dissenters, was brought before the House of Lords, in May 1772,
+and lost upon a division of 102 to 27, he was the only member of the
+clerical brotherhood, who voted in its favour. He died suddenly at Bath,
+April 25, 1779. This elegant scholar was one of the writers of the
+celebrated "Athenian Letters," published by the Earl of Hardwick, in
+1798, 2 vols. 4to. Beverley returns two Members to Parliament. The L10
+householders are about 507. The returning officer is the Mayor.
+
+ _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Thursday before Old
+ Valentine; Holy Thursday; July 5; November 5, for horses and sheep;
+ and every alternate Wednesday for horned cattle.--_Bankers_, Machell
+ and Co.; draw on Glyn and Co.; Bower and Co., draw on Curries and
+ Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.45 morning; departs 6.0 afternoon.--_Inn_,
+ Tiger.
+
+[Sidenote: Its origin and early history.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient superstitions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Public edifices.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. John Allcock born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bishop Fisher born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: His head placed on London-bridge.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ 46|Beverley Park to|E.R. York |Beverley 2|Hull 7|
+ 15|Beverstone pa|Gloucester|Tetbury 3|M. Hampton 5|
+ 39|Bevington ham|Warwick |Alcester 4|Bitford 4|
+ 39|Bevington Wood ham|Warwick | ... 4| ... 5|
+ 9|Bewaldeth to|Cumberland|Cockermouth 7|Keswick 9|
+ +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+ 46|Beverley Park to|Hornsea 12| 181| |
+ 15|Beverstone pa|Dursley 8| 102| 174|
+ 39|Bevington ham|Stratford 12| 106| |
+ 39|Bevington Wood ham| ... 13| 107| |
+ 9|Bewaldeth to|Wighton 10| 299| 172|
+ +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+ 9|Bewcastle[A] pa|Cumberland|Brampton 10|Longtown 14|
+ +--+-----------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-----------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+ 9|Bewcastle[A] pa|Haltwhistle 15| 300| 1336|
+ +--+-----------------+----------------------+-----------+
+
+
+[A] BEWCASTLE is supposed to have been a Roman station, and garrisoned
+by part of the Legio Secunda Augusta, as a security to the workmen who
+were employed in erecting the famous wall, it is situated in the midst
+of a wild and unfrequented district, in the Ward of Eskdale. Some
+vestiges of ancient buildings still remain, and numerous Roman coins and
+inscriptions have been discovered here. The present name of the village
+is reported to have been derived from Bueth, who was Lord of the Manor
+at the time of the Conquest, and is said to have repaired a Roman castle
+here, and called it after his own name. The castle was of a square form,
+each front about twenty-nine yards in length: it is now in ruins: the
+south side, of which there are most remains, is nearly fourteen yards
+high. This structure was destroyed by the parliamentary forces in the
+year 1641. It seems to have been a dark gloomy fortress. Gils Bueth, the
+son of Bueth, mentioned above, was treacherously killed by Robert De
+Vallibus, at a meeting which had been held for friendly purposes. His
+possessions then fell to the crown, and were bestowed by Henry II. on
+the last Hubert de Vallibus, whose daughter conveyed them to the family
+of the Multons by marriage. The estates afterwards passed through
+several hands. Bewcastle in the fifth of Charles I. was granted to Sir
+Robert Graham, in whose family it remains. Upon one occasion the captain
+of Bewcastle is said to have made an incursion into Scotland, in which
+he was defeated and forced to fly. Watt Tinlinn, a celebrated retainer
+of the Buccleuch family, who held for his border service a small tower
+on the frontiers of Liddisdale, pursued him. Watt Tinlinn was, by
+profession, a cobbler, but by inclination and practice an archer, and
+warrior. He closely followed the fugitive through a dangerous morass:
+the captain, however, gained the firm ground; and seeing Tinlinn
+dismounted, and floundering in the bog, used these words of insult:
+"Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots: the heels _risp_, and the seams
+_rive_." "If I cannot sew," retorted Tinlinn, discharging a shaft, which
+nailed the captain's thigh to his saddle. "If I cannot sew, I can yerk."
+Bewcastle Church is a small edifice, standing on a rising ground near
+the castle, a fosse surrounding them both. In the churchyard is a
+celebrated obelisk, which has for many years attracted the attention of
+the curious. Its height is fourteen feet, two inches: its breadth, on
+the bottom of the broadest side, is one foot ten: on the top was
+originally a cross, which is supposed to have been abolished in some
+ebullition of popular enthusiasm. Various sculptured ornaments appear on
+its different sides, executed with much fancy, together with an
+illegible Roman inscription, and some human figures. On the wastes of
+Bewcastle parish, several thousands of sheep and black cattle are
+annually fed. The inhabitants of the parish live chiefly in single and
+scattered houses; their religious opinions are mostly conformable to the
+doctrines of the church of England; but about thirty years ago a meeting
+house was built for a small congregation of Presbyterians. In this
+parish, a fine is paid of four years, ancient rent, on change of the
+Lord of the Manor by death: or of the tenants either by death or
+alienation: besides various customary works and carriages; and for a
+heriot, the best beast of which the tenant may die possessed, except the
+riding-horse kept for the lord's service. Bewcastle parish has two
+schools supported by subscription, the masters of which have a salary of
+about ten pounds a year, and the privilege of a whittle-gate. The custom
+of whittle-gate was formerly much observed in this and the neighbouring
+counties: it consists in the master going to all the abodes of his
+scholars in rotation, and being supplied with victuals by the parents or
+friends.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of Watt Tinlinn.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient fine]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.| County. | Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+---------+-----------+-------------+
+ 42|Bewdley[A] bo. & m.t.|Worcester|Ludlow 21|Kiddermin 3|
+ 44|Bewerley to|W.R. York|Ripley 8|Boro'bridge 8|
+ 29|Bewick, New to|Northumb.|Wooler 8|Belford 10|
+ 29|Bewick, Old to|Northumb | ... 8| ... 9|
+ 46|Bewholm to|E.R. York|Beverley 12|Hornsea 5|
+ 38|Bexhill pa|Sussex |Hastings 6|Battle 6|
+ 12|Bexington, West |Dorset |Bridport 7|Abbotsbury 4|
+ +--+---------------------+---------+-----------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+ 42|Bewdley[A] bo. & m.t.|Worcester 15| 129| 3908|
+ 44|Bewerley to|Tanfield 6| 212| 1310|
+ 29|Bewick, New to|Alnwick 12| 312| 106|
+ 29|Bewick, Old to| ... 12| 313| 227|
+ 46|Bewholm to|Bridlington 13| 195| |
+ 38|Bexhill pa|Pevensey 7| 63| 1931|
+ 12|Bexington, West |Dorchester 11| 131| |
+ +--+---------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEWDLEY is seated on the Severn, in the centre of a populous
+manufacturing district; it was, in the reign of Edward I., a manor of
+the Beauchamps, and received from Edward IV. its charter of
+incorporation. Leland's description of the town, and his opinion of its
+origin, possess some beauties, and great exactness.--"The towne selfe of
+Beaudley is sett on the syde of a hill; soe comely a man cannot wish to
+see a towne better. It riseth from Severne banke by east, upon the hill,
+by west; soe that a man standing on the hill _trans pontem_ by east, may
+discerne almost every house in the towne, and at the risinge of the
+sunne from the east, the whole towne glittereth (being all of a new
+building), as it were of gould. By the distance of the parish church (at
+Ribbesford), I gather that Beaudley is a very new towne, and that of
+ould time there was but some poore hamlett, and that upon the building
+of a bridge there upon Severne, and resort of people unto it, and
+commodity of the pleasant site, men began to inhabit there; and because
+the plott of it seemed fayre to the lookers, it hath a French name,
+Beaudley." The figure of the town is that of the letter Y: the foot
+extending to the river; one of the horns, towards Ribbesford, the other
+into the forest. The bridge, viewed from the loaded wharfs, appears a
+handsome modern structure, possessing a lightness of feature, superior
+even to that of the bridge at Worcester. The church, situated at the
+junction of the three principal streets, is accounted a chapel of ease
+to the mother church of Ribbesford; and was rebuilt in its present neat,
+yet embellished style, about 1748. Here are also appropriate places of
+public worship for the numerous dissenters; several institutions for
+carrying on the useful work of education, mostly supported by voluntary
+contributions, and a number of alms-houses for the poor and aged. The
+town-hall is a handsome modern building of stone, with three arches in
+front, six square pilasters, and a pediment, surmounted by the Littelton
+arms, and a double row of arcades. The trade of Bewdley is considerable,
+and the inhabitants boast, with reason, that their trows and their crews
+are the best on the river. Among the sources of this profitable
+commerce, are numerous tan-yards; manufactures of a kind of cap, much
+worn before the introduction of felt hats, comb-making, and other works
+in horn, and a manufacture of flannel; while the town is a sort of mart
+for the wholesale grocery trade. The charter of incorporation of Bewdley
+has been subject to some extraordinary changes: the original deed,
+renewed by James I. was surrendered to Charles II., and replaced by
+another from his successor, which last, on the accession of Anne, was
+declared illegal, and became the cause of a contention, which produced a
+long and expensive law-suit, ended by the confirmation of the original
+charter. By virtue of this, the corporation of Bewdley consists of a
+bailiff, a recorder, a high steward, and twelve capital burgesses, who
+depute one member to parliament, the bailiff being the returning
+officer. The borough comprises the parish of Ribbesford and the hamlets
+of Ribbenhall, Hoarstone, Blackstone, Netherton, Lower Milton, and
+Lickhill; the number of burgesses are 42, and L10. householders about
+484. Lord Lyttelton is lord of the manor, high steward, and recorder. A
+few years since, Dr. James Johnstone, of Worcester, made an important
+discovery in this neighbourhood, of a mineral spring, whose qualities,
+after an attentive analysis, he declared to resemble those of the
+Harrowgate and Moffat waters. The most celebrated natives of this place
+were John Tombes, born in 1612, a subtle disputant, and a learned man,
+but a changeling sectary; and Richard Willis, who was the son of a
+capper, and became remarkable for his extemporaneous preaching; the
+latter was made chaplain to King William, and promoted to the see of
+Winchester, in 1714. Near a pleasant hamlet on the side of the river
+opposite to Bewdley, is Spring Grove, a large white building surrounded
+by a park, late the seat of S. Skey, Esq. to whom the country is
+indebted for the introduction of a breed of mules, both handsome and
+useful. On a hill, half a mile from Bewdley, and on the eastern bank of
+the Severn, is the elegant villa called Winterdyne. This agreeable
+retreat, plain in its appearance, yet commodious, is seated on a high
+and romantic cliff, embowdered in deep tufted slides, and surrounded by
+ornamented walks, which are diversified with Gothic turrets, seats, and
+hermitages. Advancing on the river, Blackstone rocks meet the eye; a
+bold range of dusky cliffs feathered to the top, and made romantic by
+the formation of a cell or hermitage, heretofore the abode of some holy
+man, but now a repository for the potatoes, cheese, and farming
+implements of a neighbouring agriculturist.
+
+ _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, April 23, July 26, and December 11, for
+ cattle, horses, cheese, and linen and woollen cloth.--_Bankers_,
+ Skey, Son, and Co.; draw on Lubbock and Co.; and Pardoe and Co.; draw
+ on Hoare and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 12.27 afternoon; departs 1.30
+ afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Leland's description of the town.]
+
+[Sidenote: The charter disputed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Spring Grove.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places.|County.|Number of Miles From|
+ +--+-----------------+-------+-----------+------------+
+ 21|Bexley[A] pa|Kent |Dartford 4|Bromley 8|
+ 7|Bexton to|Chester|Knutsford 1|Northwich 9|
+ 27|Bexwell pa|Norfolk|Downham 1|Lynn 12|
+ 21|Bibrook |Kent |Ashford 1|Kennington 1|
+ +--+----------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+ +--+-------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+ 21|Bexley[A] pa|Eltham 6| 14| 3206|
+ 7|Bexton to|Congleton 13| 176| 76|
+ 27|Bexwell pa|Stoke Ferry 6| 85| 53|
+ 21|Bibrook |Canterbury 14| 54| |
+ +--+-------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEXLEY was given by King Cenulph to the see of Canterbury. Edward
+II. granted a weekly market to be held here, but this has long been
+disused. Archbishop Cranmer alienated Bexley to Henry VIII. James I.
+granted it to Sir John Spilman, who afterwards sold it to the celebrated
+Camden, who made over his right to the University of Oxford, for the
+purpose of founding an historical professorship; but covenanted that all
+the revenues of the manor should be enjoyed for 99 years from his own
+death, by Mr. William Heather, his heirs and successors, subject to the
+payment of L140. annually. The University have since granted leases from
+time to time, for 21 years, to the Leighs, of Hawley. The church, a
+peculiar of the Archbishops of Canterbury, has a shingled tower and
+small octangular spire. On the south side of the chancel is an ancient
+confessional, consisting of three divisions of pointed arches, and a
+recess for holy water; on the north side are seven ancient stalls of oak
+with carved heads, and other figures. Here are several curious old
+monuments High-street House, which adjoins the churchyard, was rebuilt
+in 1701 by the late learned antiquary, John Thorpe, Esq., F.S.A., author
+of the "Customale Roffense," who purchased this estate of the Austens,
+of Hall Place, in 1750. On his death, his possessions devolved to his
+two daughters, by Catharine, daughter of Dr. Lawrence Holker, of
+Gravesend: High-street House, was allotted to the youngest, married to
+Cuthbert Potts, Esq. This gentleman became owner also, in right of his
+wife, of a contiguous villa, called Bourne Place, which was built about
+fifty years ago, by Lawrence Holker, Esq. son of Dr. Holker. Hall Place,
+formerly the seat of a family surnamed At-Hall, is an ancient and
+spacious edifice, now occupied as a boarding-school. On August 12, 1822,
+Robert, Marquis of Londonderry, sinking under the weight of a very heavy
+session of Parliament, died by his own hand. Symptoms of mental
+aberration had been observed in his Lordship by the Duke of Wellington,
+who had required Dr. Blankhead to visit him; his Lordship severed the
+carotid artery with a knife, and died almost instantly. He was an able
+diplomatic character, and an acute and efficient Parliamentary
+leader--he was, in the 53d year of his age: on the 20th of the same
+month his remains were deposited in Westminster Abbey. The Right
+Honourable Nicholas Vansittart was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of
+Lancaster, and raised to the Peerage by the title of Baron Bexley, of
+Bexley, in Kent, on the 31st January, 1833.
+
+[Sidenote: One of Camden's manors.]
+
+[Sidenote: Death of Lord Londonderry.]
+
+ Map| Names of Places. | County. |Number of Miles From |
+ +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ 15|Bibury[A] pa|Gloucester|Fairford 5|Cirencester 7|
+ 31|Bicester[B] m.t.&pa|Oxford |Aylesbury 16|Oxford 13|
+ 34|Bickenhall pa|Somerset |Taunton 6|Ilminster 7|
+ 39|Bickenhill, Church pa|Warwick |Coleshill 5|Birmingham 10|
+ 39|Bickenhill, Hill ham|Warwick | 4|Solihull 4|
+ +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+ |Dist.|
+ Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+ +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+ 15|Bibury[A] pa|Barford 10| 82| 950|
+ 31|Bicester[B] m.t.&pa|Buckingham 11| 55| 2868|
+ 34|Bickenhall pa|Langford 11| 140| 270|
+ 39|Bickenhill, Church pa|Solihull 4| 101| 725|
+ 39|Bickenhill, Hill ham|Meriden 3| 100| |
+ +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BIBURY. In the eighth century this little village belonged to the
+See of Worcester: in the twelfth century it was given, with certain
+restrictions, to the Abbey of Oseney, in Oxfordshire; and, in 1547, it
+was finally alienated from the See of Worcester, to the Earl of Warwick,
+from whom the manor has passed through various families to Estcourt
+Cresswell, Esq. Bibury is a peculiar, possessing jurisdiction over
+Aldsworth, Barnsley, and Winson; the Lord of the Manor, however, claims
+a prescriptive right of appointing his own official and chancellor, who
+hath the recording of wills, and the granting of licenses within the
+peculiar: nor doth the Lord of the Manor allow to the Bishop the right
+of visitation. The Church is supposed to have been rebuilt by the monks
+of Oseney. The architecture of the north and south doors is in the early
+Norman style. On the north wall was a colossal painting, in fresco, of
+St. Christopher, the sight of whose image, according to the monkish
+legends, had sufficient efficacy to preserve the spectator from sudden
+or violent death: the painting is now obliterated. Several monuments and
+inscriptions to the memory of the Coxwalls, and other families, are in
+the edifice. The mansion was built in the reign of James II., by Sir
+Thomas Sackville, of the family of the Earls of Dorset. From its
+situation on an easy eminence, it commands a fine view of the river
+Colne, backed by an amphitheatre of low wood, of the most variegated
+foliage, clothing the acclivities of the hills, and rendered more
+beautiful from the contrast afforded by the barren downs which appear in
+the distance.
+
+[Sidenote: Monkish legends.]
+
+
+[B] BICESTER lies in a flat situation near the eastern border of the
+county. The parish is divided into two districts, termed King's End and
+Market End. The church is a large and respectable edifice. There is no
+peculiar manufacture: but the town derives great benefit from its market
+and cattle fairs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England
+and Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOUSITIES OF GREAT ***
+
+***** This file should be named 37519.txt or 37519.zip *****
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+
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+
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