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diff --git a/37519-h/37519-h.htm b/37519-h/37519-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..273a8e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/37519-h/37519-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,17528 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Curiosities of Great Britain. England & Wales, by Thomas Dugdale. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + border:1px solid black; + margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em;} + + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%;} + + img {border:0;} + + + + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: .85em;} + .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; margin-right: 1em; + float: left; clear: left; margin-top: .5em; + font-size: smaller; color: black; /*background: #eeeeee;*/ border: solid 1px;} + + + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .u {text-decoration: underline;} + + + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England and +Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Curiousities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol. 1 + Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically + Arranged. 11 Volume set. + +Author: Thomas Dugdale + +Other: William Burnett + +Release Date: September 25, 2011 [EBook #37519] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOUSITIES OF GREAT *** + + + + +Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Graeme Mackreth and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net +(This file was produced from images generously made +available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + + + +<p class="center"> +<img src="images/illus001.jpg" alt="frontispiece" /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h3>CURIOSITIES of GREAT BRITAIN.</h3> + +<h2>ENGLAND & WALES</h2> + +<h4>Delineated.</h4> + +<p class='center'><i>Historical, Entertaining & Commercial.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><small>Alphabetically arranged</small></p> + +<p class='center'><i>By Thomas Dugdale. Antiquarian.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><i><span class="smcap"><small>assisted by WILLIAM BURNETT</small></span>.<span class="smcap">civil engineer.</span></i><br /> +—1835—</p> + + + +<p class="center" > +<img src="images/illus002.jpg" alt="title page" /> +</p> +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus003.jpg" alt="castle" /> <br /> + +<small>Drawn by J. Satmon Engraved by E. Mansill</small><br /> + +KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE.<br /> + + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus004.jpg" alt="house" /> <br /> + + + +<small>Drawn by J. Marchant. Engraved by D. Buckle.</small><br /> + +THEBERTON HOUSE THE SEAT of THO.<sup>S</sup> GIBSON ESQ.<br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus005.jpg" alt="durham" /> <br /> + + CITY OF DURHAM,<br /> + +DURHAM.<br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.</small></p> + + + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus006.jpg" alt="palace" /> <br /> + +THE QUEEN'S PALACE, PIMLICO.<br /> + +<i>MIDDLESEX.</i><br /> + +The birth place of The Prince of Wales, born, Nov.<sup>r</sup> 9. 1841, also of the Princess Royal, born. Nov.<sup>r</sup> 21, 1840.<br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus007.jpg" alt="abbey" /> <br /> + +WESTMINSTER ABBEY.<br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus008.jpg" alt="bridge" /> <br /> + + YORK. <br /> + +<i><small>OLD BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER FOSS.</small></i></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus009.jpg" alt="castle" /> <br /> + + PENRICE CASTLE.<br /> + +<i><small>GLAMORGANSHIRE</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus010.jpg" alt="tretwr" /> <br /> + + + TRETWR.<br /> + +<i><small>BRECKNOCKSHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus011.jpg" alt="post office" /> <br /> + + + NEW POST OFFICE.<br /> + +<i><small>S<sup>t</sup>. Martins le-Grand</small></i><br /> + +<i><small>LONDON.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus012.jpg" alt="exchange" /> <br /> + + + NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE.<br /> + +<i><small>LONDON.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus013.jpg" alt="church" /> <br /> + + + + DUNSTABLE PRIORY CHURCH,<br /> + +<small>(WEST FRONT.)</small><br /> + +<small>BEDFORDSHIRE.</small><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus014.jpg" alt="plymouth" /> <br /> + + PLYMOUTH SOUND.<br /> + +<small>FROM MOUNT EDGCOMBE.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus015.jpg" alt="castle" /> <br /> + + MANERBEER CASTLE,<br /> + +<i><small>PEMBROKESHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus016.jpg" alt="castle" /> <br /> + + <i><small>West Tower of</small></i><br /> + +GOODRICH CASTLE,<br /> + +<i><small>HEREFORDSHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus017.jpg" alt="castle" /> <br /> + + <small>Drawn & Engraved by J. Grey</small><br /> + +CARLISLE CASTLE,<br /> + +<small>CUMBERLAND.</small><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus018.jpg" alt="bank" /> <br /> + + + + BANK OF ENGLAND.<br /> + +<i><small>LONDON.</small></i></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus019.jpg" alt="bristol" /> <br /> + + CITY OF BRISTOL,<br /> + +<i><small>GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND SOMERSETSHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Among the numerous distinguished individuals to whom Bristol has had the honour of giving birth, are Lilly, Chatterton, +M<sup>rs</sup>. Mary Robinson, M<sup>rs</sup>. Hannah More, Southey, Sebastian Cabot, the first discoverer of the continent of America, & many others.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus020.jpg" alt="castle" /> <br /> + + KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE,<br /> + +<i><small>YORKSHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>About a mile down the river from this Castle, is S<sup>t</sup>. Robert's Cave, the scene of the murder committed by Eugene Aram, +which was discovered thirteen years afterwards.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus021.jpg" alt="bridge" /> <br /> + + BATTERSEA BRIDGE.<br /> + +<i><small>SURREY.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus022.jpg" alt="abbey" /> <br /> + + + BATTLE ABBEY.<br /> + +<i><small>SUSSEX.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus023.jpg" alt="abbey" /> <br /> + + LLANTHONEY ABBEY.<br /> + +<i>MONMOUTHSHIRE.</i><br /> + +Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus024.jpg" alt="cowbridge" /> <br /> + + COWBRIDGE,<br /> + +<i><small>GLAMORGANSHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus025.jpg" alt="valley" /> <br /> +VALE OF TAFF.<br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus026.jpg" alt="castle" /> <br /> + + LAUGHARNE CASTLE,<br /> + +<i><small>CAERMARTHENSHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus027.jpg" alt="island" /> <br /> + +RUNNEY MEAD, OR MAGNA CHARTA ISLAND.<br /> + +<i><small>NEAR EGHAM, SURREY.</small></i><br /> + +<small>This place is celebrated in history as the spot where the assembled barons in 1215, obtained from King John, the +grant of Magna Charta.</small></p> + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus028.jpg" alt="abbey" /> <br /> + + KIRKSTALL ABBEY, NEAR LEEDS.<br /> + +<i><small>YORKSHIRE.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus029.jpg" alt="hall" /> <br /> + + GOLDSMITH'S HALL.<br /> + +<i><small>FOSTER LANE, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON.</small></i><br /> + +<small>Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.</small></p> + + + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;"> +<img src="images/illus030.jpg" alt="hospital" /> <br /> + + MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.<br /> + +Charles Street Mary-le-bone.<br /> + +This Hospital was instituted for sick & lame patients in 1745. The present substantial building was completed in 1835.</p> + + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map01.jpg"><img src="images/map01a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + ENGLAND & WALES</p> + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map02.jpg"><img src="images/map02a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + ENGLAND & WALES<br /> + +With its Railroads & Canals.</p> + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map03.jpg"><img src="images/map03a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + BEDFORDSHIRE.</p> + + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map04.jpg"><img src="images/map04a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + + BERKSHIRE.</p> + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map05.jpg"><img src="images/map05a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.</p> + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map06.jpg"><img src="images/map06a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + CAMBRIDGESHIRE</p> + + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map07.jpg"><img src="images/map07a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + + CHESHIRE</p> + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map08.jpg"><img src="images/map08a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + + CORNWALL.</p> + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map09.jpg"><img src="images/map09a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + CUMBERLAND.</p> + +<p class='center'> +<a href="images/map10.jpg"><img src="images/map10a.jpg" alt="england" /></a> +</p> + +<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br /> + + DERBYSHIRE.</p> + + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h4>CURIOSITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN.</h4> + +<h2>ENGLAND AND WALES DELINEATED:</h2> + +<h3>HISTORICAL, ENTERTAINING, AND COMMERCIAL.</h3> + + + + +<table summary='table' width ='80%' > +<tr> +<td colspan='8' align='center'>EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERS SUBJOINED TO THE NAMES OF PLACES. +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>bo +</td> +<td>borough +</td> +<td>hun +</td> +<td>hundred +</td> +<td>ra +</td> +<td>rape +</td> +<td>W. +</td> +<td>West +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>chap +</td> +<td>chapelry +</td> +<td>la +</td> +<td>lathe +</td> +<td>ti +</td> +<td>tithing +</td> +<td>N. +</td> +<td>North +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>co +</td> +<td>county +</td> +<td>lib +</td> +<td>liberty +</td> +<td>to +</td> +<td>township +</td> +<td>S. +</td> +<td>South +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>dis +</td> +<td>district +</td> +<td>m. t. +</td> +<td>market town +</td> +<td>vil +</td> +<td>village +</td> +<td>S.E. +</td> +<td>South-East +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>div +</td> +<td>division +</td> +<td>pa +</td> +<td>parish +</td> +<td>wap +</td> +<td>wapentake +</td> +<td>S.W. +</td> +<td>South-West +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ext. p. +</td> +<td>extra parochial +</td> +<td>pre +</td> +<td>precinct +</td> +<td>ward +</td> +<td>wardship +</td> +<td>N.E. +</td> +<td>North-East +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ham +</td> +<td>hamlet +</td> +<td>qr +</td> +<td>quarter +</td> +<td>E. +</td> +<td>East +</td> +<td>N.W. +</td> +<td>North-West +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan='8' align='center'>E.R. York.—N.R. York.—or W.R. York ... East, North, or West Riding +of Yorkshire. +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td align='right'>34</td> +<td>Abbas Combe</td> +<td align='right'>pa</td> +<td>Somerset</td> +<td>Wincanton</td> +<td align='right'>3</td> +<td>Milborne Port</td> +<td align='right'>6</td> +<td>Shaftesbury</td> +<td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='right'>105</td> +<td align='right'>448</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td>Abbenhall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Gloucester</td><td> Newnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td>Mitchel Dean</td><td align='right'>1</td><td>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>235</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td>Abberbury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Salop</td><td>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Melverly</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>161</td><td align='right'>1798</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Abberley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td> Bewdley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Kidderminst</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>590</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Abberton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>203</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Abberton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td> <td align='right'>6</td><td>Alcester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Worcester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>90</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Abberwick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumber</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>135</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Abber-cwm-Hir</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Rhayader</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Presteig</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>368</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Dore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>533</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Holm[B]</td><td align='right'>pa </td><td>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td>Allonby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>309</td><td align='right'>3056</td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ABBERBURY, or Alberbury, a parish and township, partly in the +hundreds of Cawrse and Deythur, in the county of Montgomery, and +partly in that of Ford, in the county of Salop. Warine, sheriff of this +county in the reign of Henry I., founded an abbey for black monks, a +cell to Guardmont, in Limosin, which, at the suppression of alien priories +was bestowed by Henry VI. upon the college founded by Archbishop +Chiechley. Benthall, Eyton, Rowton, Amaston, and Wollaston, are +all townships of this parish. At Glyn, in this parish, is the celebrated + + +<span class="sidenote">Old Parr's +cottage and +birth-place, +who lived in +the reigns of +ten kings +and queens.</span> + + +Old Parr's cottage, which has undergone but little alteration since his +time; it is timber-framed, rare, and picturesque, within view of Rodney's +Pillar on Bredden Hill, in Montgomeryshire. In Wollaston Chapel is a +brass plate, with his portrait thus inscribed: "The old, old, very +old man, Thomas Parr, was born at the Glyn, in the township of +Wennington, within the chapelry of Great Wollaston, and parish of +Alberbury, in the county of Salop, in 1483. He lived in the reigns of +ten kings and queens of England, viz. King Edward IV., King Edward +V., King Richard III., King Henry VII., King Henry VIII., King +Edward VI., Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, King James I., and +Charles I.; he died in London, (sixteen years after his presentation to +<span class="sidenote">Did penance +at the +age of 105.</span> +King Charles,) on the 13th of November, 1635, and was buried in Westminster +Abbey, on the 15th of the same month, aged one hundred and +fifty-two years and nine months. At the age of one hundred and five, +he did penance in the church of Alberbury, for criminal connexion with +Catherine Milton, by whom he had offspring."</p> + + +<p>[B] ABBEY-HOLM is a small town in the ward of Allerdale. The +original consequence of this little town was derived from an abbey of +Cistercian monks, founded here, about the twelfth century, by Henry I. +of England, as the crown rolls imply. Its benefactors were many in +number, and by the magnificent grants and privileges with which it was +endowed, it acquired so much importance, that during the reigns of +Edward I. and II. its abbots, though not mitred, were frequently +summoned to sit in parliament. The abbey was pillaged and burnt +during the incursion of Robert Bruce, but afterwards rebuilt with great +magnificence; few vestiges, however, of its monastic buildings now +remain. From the ruins the Parochial Chapel was formed, and there +yet stands a part of the church in its original form. During the reign +of Henry VIII. the abbey was chiefly dilapidated; the church continued +in good condition till the year 1600, when the steeple, one hundred +and fourteen feet high, suddenly fell down, and by its fall destroyed +great part of the chancel. Its total ruin was nearly accomplished by an +accidental fire five years afterwards. This fire took place on April 18, + + +<span class="sidenote">The Abbey +destroyed by the accidental +firing of +a daw's nest.</span> + + +1604, and was occasioned by a servant carrying a live coal into the +roof of the church, to search for an iron chisel; the boisterous wind blew +the coal out of his hand into a daw's nest, by which the whole was +ignited, and within less than three hours it consumed both the body of +the chancel and the whole church, except the south side of the low +church, which was saved by means of a stone vault. Almost due-west +from Abbey-Holm, in a strong situation near the sea coast, are some +remains of Wulstey Castle, a fortress, which was erected by the +abbots to secure their treasures, books, and charters from the sudden +depredations of the Scots. "In this castle," observes Camden, "tradition +reports, that the magic works of Sir Michael Scot (or Scotus), + + +<span class="sidenote">Michael +Scot, the +magician.</span> + + +were preserved, till they were mouldering into dust. He professed a +religious life here about the year 1290, and became so versed in the +mathematics, and other abstruse sciences, that he obtained the character +of a magician, and was believed, in that credulous age, to have performed +many miracles." The story of Michael Scot forms a beautiful +episode in Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel," the notes to which +furnish some curious information respecting that extraordinary personage. +Sir Michael Scot, of Balwearie, we are told, flourished during +the thirteenth century, and was one of the ambassadors sent to bring +the Maid of Norway to Scotland, upon the death of Alexander III. + + +<span class="sidenote">Scottish +legends.</span> + + +His memory survives in many a legend; and in the south of Scotland, +any work of great labour and antiquity is ascribed either to the agency +of auld Michael, of Sir William Wallace, or the devil. The following +are amongst the current traditions concerning Michael Scot:—He was +chosen, it is said, to go upon an embassy, to obtain from the King of +France satisfaction for certain piracies committed by his subjects upon +those of Scotland. Instead of preparing a new equipage and splendid +retinue, he evoked a fiend in the shape of a huge black horse, mounted + + +<span class="sidenote">The fiend +horse.</span> + + +upon his back, and forced him to fly through the air towards France. +When he arrived at Paris, he tied his horse to the gate of the palace, +and boldly delivered his message. An ambassador with so little of the +pomp and circumstance of diplomacy was not received with much +respect, and the king was about to return a contemptuous refusal to his +demand, when Michael besought him to suspend his resolution till he +had seen his horse stamp three times: the first stamp shook every +steeple in Paris, and caused all the bells to ring; the second threw +down three of the towers of the palace; and the infernal steed had + + +<span class="sidenote">French +King's concession.</span> + + +lifted up his hoof to give the third stamp, when the king rather chose to +dismiss Michael, with the most ample concessions, than to stand to the +probable consequences. Another time, it is said that, while residing at +the tower of Oakwood, upon the Ettrick, about three miles above +Selkirk, having heard of the fame of a sorceress, called the Witch of + + +<span class="sidenote">The witch +of Falsehope.</span> + + +Falsehope, who lived on the opposite side of the river, Michael went one +morning to put her skill to the test, but was disappointed by her +positively denying any knowledge of the necromantic art. In his discourse +with her, he laid his wand inadvertently on the table which the +hag observing, suddenly snatched it up and struck him with it. Feeling +the force of the charm, he rushed out of the house; but as it had +conferred on him the external appearance of a hare, his servant, who +waited without, hallooed upon the discomfited wizard his own greyhounds, +and pursued him so close, that, in order to obtain a moment's +breathing to reverse the charm, Michael, after a very fatiguing course, +was fain to take refuge in his own common sewer.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, October 29, for horses and horned cattle.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Abbots Ann</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Stockbridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>562</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Abbots Bickington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Holsworthy</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hartland</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>220</td><td align='right'>77</td> +</tr> +<tr +><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Abbots Bromley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>1129</td><td align='right'>1621</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Abbotsbury[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Weymouth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>874</td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ABBOTS BROMLEY. The hobby-horse dance, an ancient custom, +was observed here till the civil war.—Ten or twelve of the dancers +carried, on their shoulders, deers' heads, painted with the arms of Paget, + + +<span class="sidenote">Hobby-horse +dance</span> + + +Bagot, and Welles, to whom the chief property of the town belonged. +The horns yet hang up in the church, but the custom is now discontinued. +The parish includes Bromley, Bagot's liberty, and Bromley +Hurst township. Bagot's park is the deer-park of Lord Bagot, whose +seat is at Blithefield.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market, Tuesday.</i>—<i>Fairs</i>, Tuesday before Mid-lent Sunday, May 22, September 4, +for horses and horned cattle.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] ABBOTSBURY consists of a single parish, divided into three +streets, nearly in the form of the letter Y, lying in a valley surrounded +and protected by bold hills near the sea. There is a tradition that this + + +<span class="sidenote">Tradition of +St. Peter</span> + + +place was called Abodesbyry by St. Peter himself, in the infancy of Christianity, +but it is more probably supposed to have derived its name from +the magnificent abbey, originally founded here, in the early part of the +eleventh century. The ruins of the abbey (which was once large and +splendid, but is now nearly demolished), consist of a large barn, a + + +<span class="sidenote">A ruined +abbey.</span> + + +stable, supposed to have been the dormitory, a porch which belonged +to the conventual church, the principal entrance, a portion of the walls, +and two buildings conjectured to have been used for domestic purposes. +The barn, which, when entire, was the largest in the county, is now so +dilapidated, that only a part of it can be used. The church, in which +Orcus and his wife, the founders, were buried, is, with the exception +of the porch and a pile of ruins under some neighbouring elms, totally +destroyed; but the numerous chantries and chapels which belonged +to it sufficiently prove its ancient magnificence. On an eminence, at a +short distance from the town, stands a small building called St. Catherine's + + +<span class="sidenote">St. Catherine's +chapel, +a sea mark.</span> + + +Chapel, which is supposed to have been erected about the time of +Edward IV., and which from its height and lofty situation, serves both +for a sea and land mark. Abbotsbury Church appears to have been built +a short time before the reformation; the pulpit is pierced by musket +balls, said to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers, at the officiating +minister, whom, however, they missed. But it is more likely to have +occurred at the time of Sir Anthony Astley Cooper's attack on the +royalists, at the siege of Sir John Strangeway's house, in 1651. About + + +<span class="sidenote">Wild fowl +decoy, and +swannery.</span> + + +a mile to the south-west of Abbotsbury, is the "decoy," where great +quantities of wild fowl are annually taken. But the object which most +engages the attention of strangers, in the neighbourhood of this town, +is the celebrated "swannery," which, not long since, was the property +of the Earl of Ilchester. In the open or broad space of the fleet are +kept six or seven hundred swans, formerly one thousand five hundred, +including hoppers—a small species of swans, who feed and range, and +return home again.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, July 10, for sheep and toys.</p></div> + + + + + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Abbotsham</td><td align='right'>m.t.& pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bideford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>386</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Abbotside,</td><td align='right'>H.&Low pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>762</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Isle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>380</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Kerswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Newton Bush</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Torquay</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>442</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Langley[A] </td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hemel Hemp</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>1980</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Abbots Leigh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedminster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Keynsham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Abbotsley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>St. Neots</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>369</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Abbots Morton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>236</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Abbots Stoke</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Crewkerne</td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>587</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Abbotston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke </td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>248</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Abdon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>170</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Abenbury Fecham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flintshire</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>111</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Abenbury Vawr</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Llangollen</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>214</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Aber[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernavon</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aberconway</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>552</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aberaeron</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith </td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aberarth</td><td align='right'>vil & pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith </td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>976</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aber Bechan</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Newtown</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Welsh Pool</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>178</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Abercwhiler</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>St. Asaph</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Caerwys</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>487</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberavon [C]</td><td align='right'>bo. & pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Swansea</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>572</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Aberbaidon</td><td align='right'>am</td><td align='left'>Brecknock</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Crickhowel</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>1781</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Aberconway [D]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Llanrwst</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon </td><td align='right'>24 </td><td align='right'>236 </td><td align='right'>1245</td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ABBOTTS LANGLEY. Before the Conquest, and till the dissolution +of the monasteries, this place was in the possession of the +abbots of St. Albans. About the time of Henry I., Nicholas Breakspear, + + +<span class="sidenote">Englishman +made Pope.</span> + + +a native of this place, was advanced to the rank of cardinal, and at length +became pope, by the title of Adrian IV.; being the only Englishman that +ever attained that dignity. He died, not without suspicion of poison, +in 1158.</p> + + +<p>[B] ABER (which signifies the mouth of a river, port, or harbour) +is situated on the river Gwyngregyr, which here discharges itself into +the Irish Sea. The native Welsh princes had a palace at this place, +some remains of which are shewn as the residence of Llewelyn ap + + +<span class="sidenote">Ferry to +Anglesea.</span> + + +Griffith. It is one of the ferries to Anglesea, and a convenient place +from which to visit the formidable Penmaen Mawr mountain. The +passage from hence across the Laven Sands to Beaumaris is by no +means safe, as the sands frequently shift; but the large bell of this + + +<span class="sidenote">Laven sands +dangerous. +The bell +constantly +tolled in +foggy weather.</span> + + +village is constantly rung in foggy weather, in the hope that its sound +may serve to direct those whom imperious necessity obliges to cross under +all disadvantages. Two miles from this pleasing village, following the +banks of the stream, which flows through highly picturesque scenery, +there is a most romantic glen, and a very fine waterfall; the upper part + + +<span class="sidenote">Romantic +glen, and +waterfall.</span> + + +of this cataract is sometimes broken into three or four divisions, by the +rugged force of the impending cliff, but the lower one forms a broad +sheet, and descends about sixty feet, in a very grand style.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 3.15 A.M., departs 9.32 P.M.—<i>Inn</i>, Bull.</p></div> + + +<p>[C] ABERAVON is situated at the mouth of the river Avon, on +Swansea Bay, and has a harbour for small vessels. Although no charter +exists for a market, one has been held here, more than a century +past. There is a ridiculous belief, amongst the people of this place, that +every Christmas Day, and that day alone, a large salmon presents himself + + +<span class="sidenote">Singular +account of a +Salmon.</span> + + +in the river, and allows himself to be caught and handled by any one +who chooses; but it would be considered an act of impiety to detain him.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, April 30.</p></div> + + +<p>[D] ABERCONWAY is an ancient fortified town, beautifully situated +upon the estuary of the river Conway. The town is nearly of a triangular +shape, and is thought by some to have been the Conovium of + + +<span class="sidenote">The Conovium +of the +Romans.</span> + + +the Romans. The annals of this place commence no earlier than with +the history of its castle, which was erected in 1284, by command of +Edward I., as a security against the insurrections of the Welsh. Soon +after its erection, the royal founder was besieged in it, and the garrison +almost reduced by famine to surrender, when they were extricated by +the arrival of a fleet with provision. At the commencement of the civil +wars, it was garrisoned on behalf of the king, by Dr. John Williams, +Archbishop of York. In 1645 he gave the government of the castle +to his nephew, William Hookes. Two years after, Prince Rupert +superseded the Archbishop in the command of North Wales. He endeavoured +to obtain redress from the king, but failed. Enraged at this +injury, he joined Mytton, and assisted in the reduction of the place. +The town was taken by storm, August 15, 1646, but the castle did not + + +<span class="sidenote">Town taken +by storm, in +1646.</span> + + +surrender till November 10. This fortress remained in tranquillity till a +grant was made of it, by King Charles, to the Earl of Conway and +Kilulta; when he had scarcely obtained possession, before he ordered +an agent to remove the timber, iron, lead, and other materials. It was +held on lease, by Owen Holland, Esq. from the crown, at an annual rent +of six shillings and eightpence, and a dish of fish to Lord Holland, as + + +<span class="sidenote">Curious +tenure—6s. 8d. +and a dish of fish.</span> + + +often as he passed through the town. Thus, unprotected, it has +suffered material injuries from wind and weather, and is reduced to a +state of rapid decay. The ruins are remarkably picturesque, and very +extensive. The town was surrounded by high massive walls, twelve +feet thick, strengthened at intervals by twenty-four circular and semi-circular +towers; these, with the four principal gateways, remain in tolerable +preservation. There are scarcely any remains of the Cistercian + + +<span class="sidenote">Cistercian +Abbey, +founded by +Llewelyn +ap Jorwerth +in 1185.</span> + + +Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, in 1185. The church contains +a few modern monuments, belonging to the family of the Wynnes, +formerly of this place. The font appears ancient; it is composed of black +marble, curiously carved, and supported by a cluster of pilasters, standing +upon a pedestal. In Castle Street is a very old house, called the college, +which has a singular window, decorated with several coats of arms of +the Stanley family. A day school is also kept in an ancient mansion, +called Plas Mawr, situated near the market place, which was erected in +1585, by Robert Wynne, Esq. of Gwyder. The river Conway rises out +of Llyn Conway, at the south extremity of the county, in the mountains +of Penmachno. The ferry is of importance, as it lies upon one of the +great roads from London to Ireland, but is justly considered a dangerous + + +<span class="sidenote">The ferry +considered +dangerous; loss of the +Irish mail +and 14 passengers, in +1806.</span> + + +passage, and many are the accidents which have occurred. On Christmas +Day, 1806, the boat conveying the Irish mail coach, was lost, and +all the passengers, including the coachman and guard, were drowned, +except two. At the Ferry-house a noble bay is formed where the tide +enters the river. In this view, indeed, there are all the ingredients of a +sublime and beautiful landscape. Few rivers, in England or Wales, +in so short a course as twenty-nine miles, present so great a variety of +beautiful scenery. Below Luna Hall, the falls of the Conway exhibit + + +<span class="sidenote">Falls of the +Conway +present a +noble cataract, +shooting +from a +solid rock.</span> + + +a noble cataract, about fifty feet; the stream of water, shooting directly +from one aperture in the solid rock to a considerable distance, descends +into a rocky basin, surrounded by hanging woods. One mile below this +town, at Trefriw, the river becomes navigable, and contributes to the +supply of the surrounding county. In Conway town there still exists + + +<span class="sidenote">Pearl +fishery and +suspension +bridge.</span> + + +a pearl fishery, and a chain suspension bridge has been recently erected +in lieu of a dangerous ferry. The vale of Conway teems with interesting +objects. Upon the west side is the abrupt termination of the Snowdon +chain, down the declivities of which, through innumerable chasms, +fissures, and channels, rush the superfluous waters of the lakes above, to +mingle with the parent ocean. The principal employment of the poor, +in this neighbourhood, is gathering the different species of fuci, commonly + + +<span class="sidenote">Manufactory +of barilla.</span> + + +called sea-wreck, thrown up by the tide, or growing upon the +breakers. This wreck they put into a kind of square fireplace, made upon +the sand, and heat it till it becomes a liquid and forms a cake; when +further baked or burnt it resembles cinders, and is called barilla or impure +fossil alkali; in this state it is sold to manufacturers of soap and glass.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 26, April 30, June 20, August 19, September 16, +October 20, and November 15.—Inns, Harp, Bull's Head, and White Lien.—<i>Mail</i> +arrives 2 A.M., departs 10¾ P.M.</p></div> + + + +<div class='center'> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberdare[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Mer. Tydvil</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>3961</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Aberdaron</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Pwllheli</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Nevin</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bardsey Isle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>1389</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberddaw, East</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Llandaff</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Aberdyfi</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merion</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Towyn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Machynlleth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Aberedwy[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>344</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Abererch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Pwllheli</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Crickieth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Nevin</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>234</td><td align='right'>1365</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aberford[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Ferry Bridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>925</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Aberffraw</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Anglesea</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Newborough</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>1367</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny[D]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Crickhowell</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Usk</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>4230</td> +</tr> +</table></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] ABERDARE. <i>Fairs</i>, for cattle, April 19, Whit-Monday, November 14.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ABEREDWY. This delightful village derived its name from its +situation, near the junction of the River Wye and Edwy. Nothing in +nature can exceed the beauty of the neighbouring scenery. The Edwy +descends through lofty walls of rock; in some places, broken into crags, +which frightfully overhang the abyss. Near the place are the ruins of +a castle, the retreat of the last native Welsh Prince, Llewelyn ap + + +<span class="sidenote">Ruined +castle—the +retreat of +Llewelyn, +the last native +Prince of +Wales.</span> + + +Gruffydd. The object of Llewelyn's journey to Aberedwy was to +consult the chief persons of the district, upon the best means of successfully +opposing the King of England, then invading Wales. On his +arrival he found himself disappointed. Instead of meeting with friends, +he was surrounded by the enemy. Edmund Mortimer and John Gyfford, +acquainted with his route, marched from Herefordshire, with their +troops to meet him. The enemy were numerous—resistance was in +vain—Llewelyn withdrew to Builth. The mountains being covered +with snow, he caused the shoes of his horse to be reversed, in order to + + +<span class="sidenote">His horses +shoes reversed.</span> + + +baffle pursuit, but the treacherous <i>smith</i> betrayed him. +Llewelyn broke down the bridge of Builth, but was closely followed by the +English forces, who fruitlessly attempted to gain it. Sir Elias Walwyn + + +<span class="sidenote">Betrayed by +his smith.</span> + + +crossed the river, with a detachment, about eight miles below, at a +place called Little Tom's Ferry Boat, and coming unexpectedly on the +Welsh army, routed them. Llewelyn himself was attacked and slain, +unarmed, in a narrow valley, not two hundred yards from the scene of +action. Adam Francton, the murderer of Llewelyn, took no notice of + + +<span class="sidenote">His army +routed, and +himself +slain.</span> + + +his victim, but joined in the pursuit of the Welsh. Returning with the +view of plundering the slain, he discovered the wounded person was no +other than the Prince of Wales; for on stripping him, he found a letter +in cipher and his privy seal. The brutal Francton, overjoyed that the +Welsh prince had fallen into his hands, cut off his head, and sent + + +<span class="sidenote">His head +sent to the +King of +England.</span> + + +it to the King of England, and thus perished the last native Prince of +Wales.</p> + + +<p>[C] ABERFORD is situated upon the River Cock, on the great northern +road, on the banks of which river was fought the famous battle of Towton, +in 1461, so called from a village in the vicinity. The town consists of a +long straggling street, in the north of which are the remains of a Norman + + +<span class="sidenote">Here the famous +battle +of Towton +was fought.</span> + + +fortification, called Castle Carey; and the whole is in the line of the +ancient Roman road. This town is curiously situated, as respects township: +the west side is in Aberford-cum-Parlington; the east of the same +end is Lotherton-cum-Aberford, and the north of the river is Aberford +alone.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 4.11 <span class="smcap">P.M.</span>, departs 8.46 <span class="smcap">A.M.</span>—<i>Inn</i>, Swan.</p></div> + + +<p>[D] ABERGAVENNY, (the ancient Gobanium of the Romans,) and its + + +<span class="sidenote">Gobanium +of the Romans.</span> + + +environs, have strong claims to the traveller's attention. Its castle and +delightful terrace overlook the rich vale of Usk; its church, abounding +in costly sculptured tombs, its beautifully variegated mountains, all +conspire to render this place particularly attractive. This town was +once fortified, and many portions of the work remain, particularly + + +<span class="sidenote">Tudor's +Gate.</span> + + +Tudor's Gate. The western entrance is furnished with two portcullises, +and remarkable for the beautifully composed landscape seen through it. +The style of building which forms the remains of this fortress marks +its origin to have been subsequent to the Norman epoch. Excursions +are frequently made to Blaenavon Iron Works, about six miles distant, + + +<span class="sidenote">Blaenavon +Iron Works. +4000 men +employed.</span> + + +which employ upwards of four thousand men. The mountainous +territory containing these mineral treasures of iron, was demised by +the crown to the Earl of Abergavenny, and is held under a lease +by Hill and Co. A principal excursion from Abergavenny is that +which leads northwards to Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin, seated in + + +<span class="sidenote">Llanthony +Abbey, a +majestic +ruin in the +black +mountains.</span> + + +a deep recess of the black mountains, at the very extremity of +Monmouthshire. Abergavenny is a place of much resort, being the +thoroughfare from the west of Wales to Bath, Bristol, and Gloucestershire. +Its principal manufacture is flannel, and its annual fairs for +cattle are well attended.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 2 P.M., departs 11 A.M.—<span class="smcap">Inns</span>, Angel, and Greyhound.—<i>Bankers</i>, Hill +and Co., draw upon Esdaile and Co.,—Jones and Co., draw upon Williams and Co.—<i>Fairs</i>, +May 14, lean cattle and sheep; 1st Monday after Trinity, linen and woollen +cloths; September 25, horses, hogs, and flannel.—<i>Market</i> Tuesday.</p></div> + + + + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>hun</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td align='right'>30818</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Abergele</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>St. Asaph</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holywell</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aberconway</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>224</td><td align='right'>2506</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abergorlech</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Llandilo Var</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>209</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abergwilley</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Llandilo Var</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Newcastle </td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'> 2675</td> +</tr> +<tr> <td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aberhafesp</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Llanydloes</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Llanfair</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>180</td><td align='right'>535</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aberhaly</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Llanfair</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>180</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abermarles</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Llandovery </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llangadock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>198</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Aberlyfni</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Brecknock</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>100</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abernant</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Llaugharne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newcastle </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>222 </td><td align='right'>654</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberpergwm</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Merthyr Tyd </td><td align='right'>13 </td><td align='right'>188 </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aber-Rhiw</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Welsh Pool </td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Montgomery </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Newtown </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>172 </td><td align='right'>2429 </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aber-Porth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>24</td><td align='right'>235</td><td align='right'>485</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Aberyskir</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Brecknock</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Llandovery</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>110</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Machynlleth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aberllelwyn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>4128</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith</td><td align='right'>pa & chap</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Abergaven</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Crickhowell</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>5992</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Abingdon[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>5259</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ABERYSTWITH, a market town and seaport in the hundred of +Glenaur Glynn, and also a township in the parish of Llanbadarn Vawr. +It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Ystwith and Rhyddol, at +which the former falls into the sea in the bay of Cardigan. The building +of a castle, of which some vestiges remain, is attributed to Edward I. +It stands on a craggy eminence projecting into the sea at the west of +the town, and affords a magnificent view of the whole line of Welsh +coast within the bay of Cardigan. The streets are steep and uneven.—The +houses, which are principally formed of dark slate, present a very +singular appearance. For some years past its celebrity, as a summer +retreat and bathing-place, has been annually increasing, which is greatly + + +<span class="sidenote">Fine bathing +place.</span> + + +contributed to by the beauty of the neighbourhood, and the commanding +prospects around. The roads to it have been made excellent, and +the customary amusements of plays and assemblies during the season add +to the attractions for summer visitants. There was formerly a herring +fishery, and the practice of fishing is still carried on with considerable +advantage by the natives. About seven miles north of Aberystwith, on +the sea coast, a considerable extent of land, has, by drainage, been + + +<span class="sidenote">Twelve +miles of embankment.</span> + + +recovered; twelve miles of embankment have been formed; and two +navigable cuts, with a road of three miles and a stone bridge completed.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 7 A.M. departs 5 P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, 1st Monday in May and November, chiefly +for hiring servants.—<i>Bankers</i>, W. Davis and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, +Gogerddon Arms, Old Lion, and Talbot.—<i>Markets</i>, Monday and Saturday.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ABINGDON, at the very edge of the county of Berkshire, was +called Shovesham, by the Anglo-Saxons, until the foundation of the + + +<span class="sidenote">Monastery +of Benedictine +monks.</span> + + +abbey, from which period it began to assume the name of Abbandeen, +or the Town of the Abbey. This monastery, the monks of which were +Benedictines, was founded by Cissa, an Anglo-Saxon monarch, in 675. +During the reign of Alfred it was demolished by the Danes, and +remained in ruins till King Edgar partly restored it, in 954. Ethelwold, +the abbot at that time, erected and embellished the church, and his +successors contributed to its increase. After the Conquest, the wealth +and grandeur of the abbey were equal to any similar foundation in +England. William the Conqueror kept Easter in the abbey, A.D. 1084; + + +<span class="sidenote">William the +Conqueror +kept Easter, +and his son +was educated +here. +Jeffery of +Monmouth +buried in +the abbey.</span> + + +and here was educated his youngest son, Henry, surnamed Beauclerc, +afterwards King Henry I., in whose reign, one of the most eminent +characters who received sepulture within the abbey, was the celebrated +Jeffery of Monmouth, author of the British History,—a work, from +which some of our best poets have derived materials for their sublime +compositions. Shakspeare's Lear, and Milton's Comus, were both +supplied from Jeffery's history. He flourished in the reign of Henry I. +Among the natives of Abingdon, whose talents have rendered their +possessors eminent, was Sir John Mason, a statesman of the sixteenth +century. His memory is the more worthy to be revered, +because, from a very obscure origin, his genius and perseverance + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir J. Mason, +born +here—his father +a cow-herd.</span> + + +advanced him to the rank of privy-counsellor, ambassador to France, and +chancellor of the University of Oxford. His father was a cow-herd +and his mother, sister to one of the abbey monks, who attended to his +early tuition, and sent him to Oxford, where he became a fellow of +All Souls' college. While in this situation, the liveliness of his temper +occasioned him to be chosen to compliment Henry VIII. on his visit to +the University, in the year 1523, which being executed in a most +graceful manner, engaged the favour of the monarch, who promoted him +to the honourable offices above-mentioned. He died in 1566, and was +buried in St. Paul's cathedral.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 2.49 A.M., departs 12.10 A.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, 1st Monday in Lent, May 6, June 20, +August 6, September 19, cattle; Monday before Old Michaelmas, statute, and December +11, horses and cattle.—<i>Bankers</i>, Knapp and Co., draw on Williams and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, +Crown and Thistle, and Queen's Arms.—<i>Markets</i>, Monday and Friday.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>37</td><td>Abinger</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Surrey</td> +<td>Dorking</td><td align='right'>4</td><td>Guildford</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td>Ockley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>767</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td>Abinghall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Gloucester</td> +<td>Newnham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td>Mitchel Dean</td><td align='right'>1</td> +<td>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>235</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>28</td><td>Abington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Northam</td> +<td>Northam</td><td align='right'>2</td><td>Wellingboro</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td>Moulton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>155</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>6</td><td>Abington,Gt.& Lit.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Cambridge</td> +<td>Linton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>594</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>6</td><td>Abington in the Clay</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Cambridge</td> +<td>Royston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td>Potton</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>259</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ab Kettleby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton Mow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>16</td> +<td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>331</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ablington</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>103</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abney</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Tideswell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>14</td> +<td align='left'>Chapel-Frith</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>112</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Above Sawdde</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Llangadock</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Llandovery</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'> Llandilo Var</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>803</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Above Town</td><td align='right'>div</td><td align='left'>Lancashire</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='left'>KirkbyLons</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>591</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Abram</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancashire</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>197</td><td align='right'>511</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Abson with Wick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>Marshfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>824</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Abthorp</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Northam</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'> Banbury</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>477</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aburthin</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Llantrissant </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='left'> Bridgend </td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'> Horncastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>204</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Acaster Malbis</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>707</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Acaster Selby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>201</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Accrington, New</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Haslingden</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'> Burnley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>4960</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Accrington, Old</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>1323</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Achurch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northam</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>Kettering</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>239</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Acklam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Gt. Driffield</td><td align='right'>15</td> +<td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>827</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Acklam</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Yarm</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='left'>Guisboro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>244</td><td align='right'>371</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Acklington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northum</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>13</td> +<td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>285</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ackton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>51</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ackworth[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>1660</td> +</tr> +</table> + + + + + + +<p>[A] ACKWORTH is a parish and township, in the upper division of +Osgold Cross Wapentake, nominally divided into higher and lower + + +<span class="sidenote">Quakers' +school.</span> + + +Ackworth. It is celebrated for its Quakers' School, which was purchased +in 1777, with eighty-five acres of land, from the trustees of +the Foundling Hospital, and rendered a seminary for the children of the +more humble class of Friends. The number of pupils, is one hundred and +eighty boys, and one hundred and twenty girls.</p> + + + + + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Acle[A]</td><td align='right'>m. t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Loddon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>820</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Acomb</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>882</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Acomb East</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aldston Moor</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>275</td><td align='right'>36</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Acomb West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>18</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>275</td><td align='right'>523</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aconbury[B]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>163</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Acrise</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Folkstone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>194</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>3928</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>309</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>215</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Harrow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Brentford</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='left'>Uxbridge</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>2453</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>91</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Lavenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>565</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Acton Beauchamp</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>239</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Burnell[C]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>381</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] ACLE. <i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Fair</i>, Wednesday before Michaelmas day.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ACONBURY. At this place a nunnery of the order of St. Augustine +was founded by Margery, wife of Walter de Lacey, in the reign + +<span class="sidenote">Nunnery.</span> + +of King John. The Cliffords were large benefactors to this house, +which, at the dissolution, possessed <i>£75. 7s. 6d.</i> per annum. There +are some remains yet standing, occupied as a farm house. On the summit +of Aconbury Hill, a bold and extensive eminence, well wooded, and +commanding a charming view over the adjacent county, are traces of a +large encampment.</p> + + +<p>[C] ACTON BURNELL is celebrated for the remains of an ancient +castle, founded by Robert Burnell, bishop of Bath and Wells, a man of +eminent abilities, first treasurer, and afterwards chancellor of England, +who was much employed by King Edward I. in Welsh affairs. He died +at Berwick, in 1292, and was buried in the cathedral at Wells. The +castle is a quadrangular building, with a square tower at each corner. +The hall in which King Edward I. held his parliament, in 1283, was + + +<span class="sidenote">Edward I. +held his +parliament +here in +1283.</span> + + +183 feet long, by 41 broad, but the gable ends only remain. The +Statutum de Mercatoribus enacted here, is from that circumstance better +known as the Statute of Acton Burnell. The successor of the bishop, at +the castle, was Sir Edward Burnell, son of Philip Burnell and Maud, +daughter of Richard Arundel. He served in many actions in Scotland, +under Edward I., and always appeared in great splendour, attended by a +chariot decked with banners of his arms. He was summoned to parliament +from the fifth to the eighth year of Edward the second's reign, and died +in 1315. In 1346, the castle came into the possession of Nicholas Lord +Burnell, who died in 1382, and is buried in the church under an altar +tomb, inlaid with his effigy in brass. In the reign of Henry VI. the Lovell + + +<span class="sidenote">Lord Burnell's +effigy +in brass on +the altar +tomb.</span> + + +family were in possession of this estate, which was forfeited by Lord +Lovell, in consequence of his adherence to King Richard III. Henry +VII. being seated on the throne, granted Acton Burnell, together with +other estates in this county, to Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford; after +whose death it reverted to the crown, and Henry VIII. granted it to +Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, distinguished for his valour at the battle +of Flodden. Sir Humphrey Lee, of Langley, in this parish, was created +a baronet, May 3, 1620. Acton Burnell Park is now the residence of Sir +Edward Joseph Smythe, Bart. whose family have been seated here from +the time of Charles II., when Sir Edward Smythe, of Esh, in Durham, + + +<span class="sidenote">The seat of +Sir E.J. +Smythe.</span> + + +created a baronet, Feb. 23, 1660, married the daughter and heiress of Sir +Richard Lee, Bart. of Langley. The mansion, on a verdant lawn, +bordered by a shrubbery, presents a handsome elevation of fine white +stone, having a noble Ionic portico, under which is the carriage entrance. +Behind the house is the deer park, on a finely wooded eminence, affording +one of the most beautiful prospects in the county. The chapelry of +Ruckley and Langley is in this parish.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Acton Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>Runcorn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>148</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Acton Iron</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Chip. Sodbu</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>1372</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Pigott</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Much Wenlo</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Reynold</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>173</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Round</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>203</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Scott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton </td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bish. Castle</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>204</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Acton Trussell</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Penkridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>551</td> + +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Acton Turville</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>12</td> +<td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>236</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Adbaston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>Hodnet</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>601</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Adderbury East</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='left'>Aynhoe</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>2471</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Adderley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>468</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Adderston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Beiford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>12</td> +<td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>319</td><td align='right'>322</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Adforton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Presteign</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>218</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Addingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Aldstn Moor</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>719</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Addingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Keighley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>213</td><td align='right'>2251</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Addington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Westerham</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>463</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Addington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>74</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Addington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>206</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Addington, Gt</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kettering</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Higam Ferrers</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>282</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Addington, Lit</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>264</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Addisham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>390</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Addle[B]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>1063</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Addle-cum-Eccup</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>703</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Addlingfleet[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>2</td> +<td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>478</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ADDINGTON is on the borders of Kent. Addington Place, a seat +erected by Alderman Trecothick, in 1772, was purchased in 1807, for +the residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The manor of Addington +is held by the feudal service of finding a man to make a mess, called +Gerout, in the king's kitchen, at the coronation, and serving it up in + + +<span class="sidenote">Coronation +custom.</span> + + +his own person at Westminster Hall. In the reign of William the +Conqueror, Addington appears to have been held by Tezelin, cook to +the king, which accounts for the origin of the required culinary service. +The Archbishop of Canterbury is now the claimant of the service +alluded to. Near the village is a curious cluster of tumuli, or mounds + + +<span class="sidenote">Cluster of +tumuli.</span> + + +of earth raised over the bodies of the slain, about twenty-five in +number, of inconsiderable height. One of them is nearly forty feet +in diameter, two are about half that size, and the rest very small.</p> + + +<p>[B] ADDLE. The church in this town is considered to be one of the +most perfect specimens of Roman architecture remaining in England. +In 1702, the traces of an ancient Roman town, with fragments of urns, + + +<span class="sidenote">Roman +architecture.</span> + + +and of an aqueduct of stone were found in the adjacent moor.</p> + + +<p>[C] ADDLINGFLEET. A parish and township in the lower division +of Osgold Cross, including the townships of Fockerby, Haldenby, and +Eastoft. The village is situated very near the junction of the +Trent with the Humber, the latter river being one of the largest +in the kingdom, formed by the united waters of the Trent, Ouse, +Derwent, Aire, and other minor streams. At this part it is about a mile +broad, it is the Abus of Ptolemy. It runs towards the east, washing the +port of Hull, where it receives the river called by the same name; +from thence, taking a south-easterly direction, it expands itself into +<span class="sidenote">Boundary +between +Yorkshire +and Lincolnshire.</span> +an estuary nearly seven miles across, and mingles with the German +ocean. This river, which, with very few exceptions, receives all the +waters of Yorkshire from the Ouse, and the greater part of those from +the midland counties from the Trent, commands the inland navigation of +very extensive and commercial parts of England; namely, those of the +Mersey, Dee, Ribble, Severn, Thames, and Avon; it also forms the +boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Adlington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cheshire</td><td align='left'>Macclesfield </td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>1066</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Adlington[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>264</td><td align='right'>1082</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Addlethorpe</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='left'>Wainfleet</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>176</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Adlestrop</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>196</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Admarsh</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Kirkby Lon</td><td align='right'>15</td> +<td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Adstock</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>445</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Adstone</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>166</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Advent</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Camelford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bodmin</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>Launceston</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'>246</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Adwalton[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Adwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>48</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Adwick-on-Dearne</td><td align='right'>ch</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>145</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Adwick</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>918</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Aff-Piddle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>442</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Agden</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>104</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Agden</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>99</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Agelthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Masham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>226</td><td align='right'>188</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Agnes, St[C]</td><td align='right'>cha</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Redruth</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>256</td><td align='right'>6642</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ADLINGTON. Through this township runs the Leeds and Liverpool +Canal. It contains several coal mines. Adlington Hall, the seat + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of Sir. +Robert +Clayton, +Bart.</span> + + +of Sir Robert Clayton, Bart., was rebuilt about 1780; it stands in a +low situation, on the borders of an extensive park, and contains some +very good pictures, amongst which is a head of Charles I., taken +after death. Ellerbeck Hall is the seat of John Hodson, Esq. In +this neighbourhood is Park Hall, the seat of R.P. German, Esq. The +inhabitants of Adlington are chiefly employed in the cotton manufactories +of the vicinity.</p> + + +<p>[B] ADWALTON formerly possessed a market which is now disused. +On Adwalton Moor, a battle was fought, in 1642, between + + +<span class="sidenote">Battle +fought here +in 1642.</span> + + +the Earl of Newcastle, commanding for the king, and the parliamentary +general, Lord Fairfax, in which the latter was defeated.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, February 6, March 9, Easter Thursday, Thursday fortnight after Easter, Whit-Thursday; +and every second Thursday thence to Michaelmas, for lean cattle; November +5, and December 23.</p></div> + + +<p>[C] St. AGNES is situated on the Bristol Channel. The town and parish, +including a considerable mining district, is thickly strewed with the +cottages of the miners. It is more frequently called Lighthouse + + +<span class="sidenote">Very high +and strong +light-house.</span> + + +Island, from a very high and strong light-house erected here, to warn +the mariner from the rocks, which are more numerous about this than +any other of the Scilly Islands. This building is upwards of sixty +feet high, and stands on the most elevated ground. The light is produced +by twenty-one parabolic reflectors of copper, plated with silver, +and having each an argand lamp in its focus. The reflectors are +disposed of in three clusters, of seven in each cluster, and the frame in +which they are fixed stands perpendicularly to the horizon, on a shaft +united to a machine below, which makes the whole revolve every two +minutes. By this motion the light progressively sweeps the whole +horizon; and by its gradual intermission and increase, it is readily +distinguished from any other. Its brilliancy is also extraordinary; and +by these combined efforts its benefits are greatly increased, as the +seaman is at once rendered completely sensible of his situation. This +light was designed by the ingenious Mr. Adam Walker, (lecturer on +natural and experimental philosophy,) under whose inspection it was +constructed. The light-house itself is of stone, and was erected, as +appears from an inscription over the door, by Captain Hugh Till, and +Captain Simon Bayley, in the year 1680. The charges attending the +light are defrayed by the Trinity House. At St. Agnes is a pilchard + + +<span class="sidenote">St. Agnes' +beacon.</span> + + +fishery. St. Agnes' Beacon, six hundred and sixty-four feet above +the level of the sea, is formed out of an ancient cairn, or tumulus +of stones; near which, a summer-house has been built, from whence +is a fine view of St. Ives, and an extensive sea prospect. Near the same +spot is St. Agnes' Well, of which many miraculous stories are in circulation, +from its presumed holy and sanative properties.</p> + +<p>This place gave birth to John Opie, whose persevering genius + + +<span class="sidenote">Birthplace +of John +Opie, the +painter.</span> + + +advanced him to the highest rank in his profession. He was born at +Harmony Cot, in May 1761. The opening years of his existence +indicated that he must plod through life in the dull occupation of a +carpenter, as successor to his father and grandfather. He distinguished +himself at a very early period, for originality and strength of mind, +and at twelve years of age commenced an evening school in St. Agnes, +teaching arithmetic and writing, and reckoning amongst his scholars +some who had nearly doubled his years. His first humble attempts at + + +<span class="sidenote">First attempts +at +portrait +painting.</span> + + +portrait painting were with a smutty stick, against the white-washed +wall of his paternal cottage, where he exhibited, in <i>dark colours</i>, very +striking likenesses of the whole family. His next step was to draw +with ochre on cartridge paper. He was apprenticed to his father, +but from some unascertainable cause was turned over to a sawyer; +and it was literally in the bottom of a saw-pit that Dr. Walcot, better +known by the appellation of Peter Pindar, (who had previously seen +and admired some of Opie's rude drawings,) first beheld this untutored + + +<span class="sidenote">Genius fostered +by Dr. +Walcot.</span> + + +child of genius, under whose patronage he was protected, and his fame +promoted. After visiting Exeter, (where he was persuaded to change +his surname, which originally was Hoppy, to that of Opie,) finding his +success was commensurate with his abilities, it was soon determined +they should be brought to act in a wider sphere; and, in 1780, the Doctor +and his pupil repaired to London, where not agreeing as to the +mode of living together, they separated, and although their attachment +had been cemented by long-continued kindness, subsequently to + + +<span class="sidenote">Anecdotes +of Opie.</span> + + +this period, yet they were never after cordially united. The opinion Opie +entertained of the services which he had received from the Doctor, may +be gathered from the following curious <i>note of hand</i>, which was said to be +in the possession of the latter: "I promise to paint, for Dr. Walcot, any +picture or pictures, he may demand, as long as I live; otherwise, I +desire the world will consider me as a ... ungrateful son of a ..., +John Opie." It is not certain that he ever deviated from this voluntary +obligation, but it is matter of pleasant remark, that he always made +his friend pay eighteen-pence for the canvass! Opie was as fortunate in + + +<span class="sidenote">Introduction +to the +King.</span> + + +London as he had been at Exeter. To Pindar, however, he was +indebted for his introduction to public notice. Through him his +pictures were shown to Mrs. Boscawen, by whom Opie was introduced +to the late Mrs. Delaney, who procured for him the notice of King +George III. An opportunity was contrived for the royal family to see +his picture of the <i>The Old Beggar Man</i>; soon after which, Opie was +honoured with a command to repair to Buckingham House. The +artist's account of this interview was given in the following characteristical +manner to Walcot, who has often been heard to relate it +with great humour. "There was Mr. West," said Opie, "in the room, + + +<span class="sidenote">Opie's relation +of his +interview +with +royalty.</span> + + +and another gentleman. First, her majesty came in; and I made a sad +mistake in respect to her, till I saw her face, and discovered by her +features that she was the queen. In a few minutes his majesty came +hopping in. I suppose," said Opie, "because he did not wish to +frighten me. He looked at the pictures and liked them; but he +whispered to Mr. West—'tell the young man I can only pay a gentleman's + +<span class="sidenote">Royal economy.</span> + +price for them.'" The picture which his majesty bought was +that of <i>A Man Struck by Lightning</i>. The price given was £10, +with which Opie returned to the Doctor full of spirits. His friend, +when he heard the story, said, "Why, John, thou hast only got +£8. for thy picture." "Indeed, but I have though," cried Opie, "for +I have got the £10. safe in my pocket." On this he showed him the +money. "Aye," rejoined the Doctor, "but dost thou know his majesty +has got the frame for nothing, and that is worth £2." "D—- it, so he +has," cried Opie—"I'll go back and knock at the door, and ask for the +frame; D—- it, I will." He was actually about to put his resolve into +execution, till dissuaded by the Doctor. Popularity naturally followed +this notice of royalty. The ladies, however, soon deserted him, as his +likenesses were not flattering; for where Nature had been niggardly, +Opie refused to be liberal. He afterwards became better acquainted +with the art of pleasing them; a change which has been attributed +to Mrs. Opie, who used to stand over him, and endeavour to make him +sensible of the graces of the female form. It was in the year 1786, + + +<span class="sidenote">First +known as +an exhibitor at Somerset +House, +1786.</span> + + +that Mr. Opie became known as an exhibitor at Somerset House; soon +after which he aspired to academical honours, and ultimately attained +the rank of Royal Academician, and afterwards succeeded Fuseli, in the +professorship of painting. He was twice married, but at what period +his first hymeneal union occurred we are not informed—it was inauspicious. +His second marriage, which took place on May 8, 1798, was +more fortunate; and in the society of the late Mrs. Opie, the +amiable author of many beautiful and interesting literary compositions, +he enjoyed a delightful relief from the toilsome duties of his profession. +Mr. Opie was in the daily acquisition of wealth and fame, and rapidly +advancing to the very zenith of popularity, when his mortal career +was suddenly closed by death, on Thursday, April 9, 1807, in the + +<span class="sidenote">Died in 1807.</span> + +forty-sixth year of his age. "As a portrait painter he has great +claims to praise, particularly in his men, which are firm, bold, and +freely delineated, and occasionally well coloured. His women are +heavy, inelegant, and chiefly accompanied with a hardness that destroys +all beauty."</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aglionby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>302</td><td align='right'>107</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aighton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>1980</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aikber</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>234</td><td align='right'>43</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aike</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Gt. Driffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>86</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aikton</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Abbey-holm</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>309</td><td align='right'>753</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ailsby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincolnshire</td><td align='left'>Gt. Grimsby </td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Caistor </td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ailsworth</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Peterboro</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>289</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ainderby Myers</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Catterick</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ainderby Quernhow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Northallerton </td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>107</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ainderby Steeple</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td> +<td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>802</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ainstable</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>295</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Ainstie</td><td align='right'>dis</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>...</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>...</td> +<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>...</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>8740</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aiskew</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Northallerton </td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>586</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Aismondersly</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>Masham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ainsworth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>1584</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ainthorn</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>12</td> +<td align='left'>Gretna Green</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>315</td><td align='right'>203</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aintree</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>247</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Airton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Arnecliff</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'>179</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Airyholme</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>16</td> +<td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aisenby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>...</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aislaby</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Whitby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Scarboro</td><td align='right'>18</td> +<td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>237</td><td align='right'>402</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Aislaby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='left'>Yarm</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>244</td><td align='right'>143</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aisthorpe</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro</td><td align='right'>12</td> +<td align='left'>Kirton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>89</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Akeld</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Coldstream</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Kirk Newton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>322</td><td align='right'>171</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Akeley</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='left'>Sto. Stratford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>291</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Akenham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>119</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Albans, St[A]</td><td align='right'>bo & to</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>12</td> +<td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>4772</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] St. ALBANS is situated on the river Ver, or Muss, and consists of +three parishes; parts of two of which, extend beyond the limits of the + + +<span class="sidenote">Originally +the British +metropolis.</span> + + +borough. It is said to have been the site of the ancient British metropolis +of Cassibelanus, and is very near that of the ancient Roman +Verulam, mentioned by Tacitus, being the same as the Saxon Watlingceaster, +so called because seated on the road called Watling-street. +It was here that Queen Boadicea made her celebrated assault on the +Romans, and failed, after an immense slaughter of seventy thousand men. +In 795, Offa, king of Mercia, erected an abbey here, in memory of St. +Alban, the British protomartyr, who was born here in the third century. +He served in the Roman army, but was converted to Christianity +by a monk, named Amphilabus, and suffered during the Dioclesian persecution, +A.D. 303. The abbey subsequently obtained great privileges, +and became very rich, the revenues at the dissolution amounting +to upwards of £2500. per annum. Monastic foundations had their origin +in this country, about the time of St. Augustine, who came from Rome, +to convert the Pagan Saxons to Christianity; and when Offa ascended +the throne of Mercia, about twenty great monasteries had been founded +in England, and about the same number of episcopal sees established. +Offa's zeal prompted him to do what many of his crowned predecessors + + +<span class="sidenote">King Offa's +extraordinary +vision, +which induced +him +to build the +abbey.</span> + + +had done; but being undetermined whom to select as the patron saint +of his establishment, it is recorded that, while at the city of Bath, an +angel appeared to him in the silence of the night, desiring him to +raise out of the earth the body of Alban, the first British martyr, +and place his remains in a suitable shrine. Even the memory +of Alban had been lost for three hundred and forty years; but +the king assembling his clergy and people at Verulam, an active search +was made for his body with prayer, fasting, and alms; when it is said a ray +of light was seen by all to stand over the place of burial, similar to the +star that conducted the magi to Bethlehem. The ground was therefore +opened, and, in the presence of the king, the body of Alban was found. +Offa is said to have placed a golden circle round the head of the + + +<span class="sidenote">St. Alban's +body found +after a lapse +of 494 years; +a golden circle +placed +round his +head.</span> + + +deceased, with an inscription, to signify his name and title, and immediately +caused the remains of the saint to be conveyed to a small chapel, +without the walls of Verulam, as the town was then called, until a more +noble edifice could be raised for its reception. This is said to have +occurred on the 1st day of August, 791, four hundred and ninety-four +years after the martyrdom of Alban. Offa afterwards made a journey to +Rome, and obtained the desired privileges of his intended foundation, +with great commendations for his zeal and piety, from the pope, when +he undertook to build a stately church and monastery, to the memory of +St. Alban. From this abbey the town originated, which early obtained +considerable importance. The abbey church, which claims particular +attention for its size, beauty, and antiquity, is constructed of Roman +brick, to which age has given the appearance of stone. A stone screen, +erected before the communion table, in 1461, is much admired for the +richness and lightness of its sculpture. The tombs of the founder, +Offa, and that of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, are shown here; and, not + + +<span class="sidenote">Duke of +Gloucester's +body +found nearly +entire.</span> + + +many years ago, the leaden coffin, containing the body of the latter, +was opened, and the corpse found nearly entire. The Roman antiquities +discovered on the site have been very numerous. The effect of +the venerable abbey, when seen from a distance, is extremely imposing; +situated upon an eminence, its massive towers rise majestically +above the houses of the ancient town, which is well, known to have +derived its first importance from the Romans, since which, it has +increased chiefly under the protecting influence of successive abbots +of this rich and powerful monastery. The prospect of its mouldering +ruins, forces upon the mind a melancholy train of reflection on the +instability of all human institutions.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 25 and 26; October 10 and 11, for horses, cows, +sheep, and hiring servants.—<i>Inns</i>, Angel, and White Hart.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.15 P.M. +Departs 4.30 A.M.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Albourn</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Hurst</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='left'>Cuckfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>362</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Albrighton</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>1054</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Albrighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shiffnall</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgnorth</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='left'>Wolverhamp</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>98</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alburgh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Harleston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>586</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Albury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td align='left'>Wheatley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>239</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Albury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Bp Stortford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Standon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Buntingford </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>631 </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Albury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dorking</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>929</td></tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>346</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>lib</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury </td><td align='right'>1 </td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='left'>Salisbury </td><td align='right'>20 </td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>227</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Alcester[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.& pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Stratford </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'>103 </td><td align='right'>2405</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Alciston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>266</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Alconbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kimbolton </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stilton</td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>63 </td><td align='right'>765</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Alconbury Weston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>441</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>275</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Darlington </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Bernard Cas</td><td align='right'> 10 </td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>522</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hedon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>620</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aldborough[B]</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>207</td><td align='right'>2447</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Aldbourn[C]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ramsbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>1418</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aldbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dunstable </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Berkhampst</td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>34 </td><td align='right'>695</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aldcliffe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Garstang </td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Kirk. Londs. </td><td align='right'> 17 </td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>96</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aldeburgh[D]</td><td align='right'>m. t.</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Orford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Saxmundha </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Dunwich</td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>1341</td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ALCESTER is situated at the confluence of the two small rivers, +Alne and Arrow, having a bridge over each. It is supposed to have +been a Roman station; Roman coins, urns, and similar relics, + + +<span class="sidenote">A Roman +station.</span> + + +having been frequently found here. The Roman way of Icknield Street +also passed through it, and from its situation it is deemed the Alana +of Richard of Cirencester. It was anciently a borough by prescription, + + +<span class="sidenote">Many relics +of antiquity +found.</span> + + +and of some note in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, +when it became the property of the Beauchamps, and afterwards +of the Grevilles. The church is a fine gothic structure; the market +is well supplied with corn; and the manufacture of needles is very +extensive. Here is a Free School, founded by Walter Newport, +in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and various alms-houses and small +charities, originating in different benefactors. Traces of the site of + + +<span class="sidenote">Traces of an +abbey +founded by +King +Stephen.</span> + + +an abbey, founded in the reign of King Stephen, to the north of the +town, are still visible.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 9½ A.M., departs 8½ P.M.—<i>Inn</i>, Angel.—<i>Fairs</i>, March +20, June 23, Tuesday before April 5, May 18, 2nd Tuesday in July, for cheese.</p></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[B] ALDBOROUGH. <i>Fair</i>, September 4.</p> + + +<p>[C] ALDBOURN. <i>Market</i>, Tuesday.</p></div> + + +<p>[D] ALDEBURGH is pleasantly situated in the valley of Slaughton, and +bounded on the eastern side by the sea, which has made considerable +encroachments, and nearly washed a street away. The river Ald runs +on the south side, and forms a convenient quay. The town is mean in +construction, and chiefly inhabited by fishermen and seafaring people. +Soles, lobsters, and other fish are abundant. It is remarkable as the +birth-place of the late Rev. George Crabbe, emphatically styled + + +<span class="sidenote">Birth place +of the Rev. +George +Crabbe, the +poet. Biographical +sketch of +his life.</span> + + +the <i>Poet of the Poor</i>, who was born December 24, 1754. His +father was an officer in the Customs, and at first gave him an education, +merely suitable to follow the same pursuit; but when his prospects +brightened, he removed his son to a classical seminary, where he +was instructed for a surgeon and apothecary, to which profession +he was in due time apprenticed, but relinquished all views of establishing +himself in practice. At a very early period he became a +versifier; and among his precocious attempts was a prize poem, on +<i>Hope</i>, which was inserted in the <i>Lady's Magazine</i>, then published by +Mr. Wheeble. Crabbe came to London, in 1778, with £3. in his + + +<span class="sidenote">Crabbe's +arrival in +London, 1778.</span> + + +pocket, and made versification his chief study. His first published +work was <i>The Candidate</i>, a poem, in quarto, which came into the +world anonymously, in 1780, and was favourably received. A short +time afterwards, his poverty and poetry induced him to seek the + + +<span class="sidenote">His first +published +work well +received.</span> + + +patronage of Edmund Burke, to whom he submitted a large quantity of +miscellaneous composition; he had no introduction to Mr. Burke, +excepting his own letter, stating his circumstances; no recommendation +but his distress, and yet his application was attended with success. His +patron introduced him to some of the first men in the country, and soon +after became the means of benefiting his fame and fortune; he selected +from young Crabbe's works, <i>The Library</i> and <i>The Village</i>, suggesting +at the same time certain corrections and improvements. Among the +eminent persons to whom he was thus introduced, was the Right Hon. +Charles James Fox, Sir Joshua Reynolds, at whose mansion he first + + +<span class="sidenote">Crabbe's +introduction +to eminent +persons.</span> + + +beheld, and was made known to, Dr. Johnson, who gave the young +poet his opinion of <i>The Village</i>. Mr. Burke having directed Mr. +Crabbe's views to the church, in 1781 he was ordained a deacon by the +Bishop of Norwich, and priest by the same dignitary in the following +year; he was next appointed domestic chaplain to the Duke of Rutland +at Belvoir Castle. As Mr. Crabbe had not received a university education, +he was offered a degree by Trinity College, Cambridge, but +eventually received the grant from the Archbishop of Canterbury, +at Lambeth, and thus became a Bachelor of Laws. Burke also + + +<span class="sidenote">Promoted to +the church.</span> + + +introduced Mr. Crabbe to Lord Chancellor Thurlow, who presented +him to rectories in Dorset and Lincoln consecutively. He had previously +a curacy at Strathorn, a village near Belvoir Castle, where he married +and became a father; he was universally respected for his talents and +virtues, and died at Trowbridge, at seven o'clock in the morning of + + +<span class="sidenote">Died at +Trowbridge +1132.</span> + + +the 8th of February, 1832. The publications of Mr. Crabbe have placed +him high on the roll of British Poets.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 1, and May 3, for toys.—<i>Inn</i>, +White Lion.—<i>Mail</i> arrives at 9½ A.M. departs 5½ P.M.</p></div> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aldeby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>530</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aldenham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Elstree</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>1494</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alderbury</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Downton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Farley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>1323</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alderford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>40</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alderley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Wickwar</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wooton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>200</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alderley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Macclesfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>1338</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aldermaston[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>636</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Alderminster</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Stratford-Av.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Shipston-Sto.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>454</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Malmsbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Winchcomb</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>330</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northampton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Sto. Stratford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Orford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>575</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aldersey</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>138</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Aldershott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Odiham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>424</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aldford</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>710</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aldfield</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>133</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Aldham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Coggeshall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Neyland</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>407</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aldham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Hadley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stow-Market</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Aldingbourn</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>833</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aldingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ulverstone</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dalton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>884</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Aldington[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Hythe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>New Romney</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>732</td></tr> +</table> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] ALDERMASTON. <i>Fairs</i>, May 6, July 7, for horses and cattle, and October 11, for +pedlery.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ALDINGTON. Elizabeth Barton, commonly called the Holy +Maid of Kent, a religious impostor, lived in the reign of Henry +VIII. She was a servant at Aldington, and having been for a long + + +<span class="sidenote">The History +of the Holy +Maid of +Kent.</span> + + +time afflicted with convulsions, which distorted her limbs and countenance, +and threw her body into the most violent agitations, acquired a +power of counterfeiting the same appearances whenever she pleased. +Richard Master, who then held this living, with other ecclesiastics, +thinking her a proper instrument for their purpose, induced her to +pretend that all she said and did, was by a supernatural impulse, and +taught her to act her part in the most perfect manner. Thus she pretended +to be honoured with visions; to hear heavenly voices and most +ravishing melody; she declaimed against the wickedness of the times, +against heresy and innovations; exhorting all persons to frequent the +church, to hear masses, to make frequent confessions, and to pray +to our lady, and all saints. This artful management, with her apparent +piety, virtue, and austerity of life, completely deceived even Sir +Thomas More, Bishop Fisher, and Archbishop Warham, the last of which +appointed commissioners to examine her, to whom she was instructed +to say, in her counterfeit trances, that she should never recover till she +went to visit the image of the Virgin Mary, in a chapel dedicated to her +in this parish, which was done. After that she pretended that she was +called to be a nun, and the Archbishop being fully satisfied with the +reports, had her placed in the nunnery of St. Sepulchre, Canterbury, + + +<span class="sidenote">Holy Maid +of Kent.</span> + + +where she alleged she had visions and revelations of a divine nature, +so as to completely impose upon the public. The main object of the priests, +her managers, was directed publicly to announce how God had revealed +to her, "that in case the king should divorce Queen Catherine of Anjou, +and take another wife during her life, his royalty would not be of a +month's duration, but that he should die the death of a villain," which +created considerable excitement, and much controversy: encouraged +by the lenity of the government, the ecclesiastics in this conspiracy, +resolved to publish the revelations of the nun throughout the kingdom. +They had communicated them to the Pope's Ambassadors, and +exhorted Queen Catherine to persist in her resolutions. At length this + + +<span class="sidenote">The imposture +detected.</span> + + +confederacy became a serious affair, and Henry ordered the maid and +her accomplices to be examined in the Star Chamber, where they confessed +all the particulars of the imposture; and afterwards, upon a +scaffold erected at Paul's Cross, were compelled to hear their confession +publicly read; they were confined in the Tower until the meeting of parliament, +by whom the whole affair was pronounced to be a conspiracy +against the king's life, and crown. The nun, and her confederates, were + + +<span class="sidenote">Herself and +confederates +executed +at +Tyburn.</span> + + +eventually attainted of high treason, and executed at Tyburn, April +20th, 1534, where she confessed the imposture, laying the blame +on her accomplices, the priests; craving pardon of God, and the King.</p> + + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Aldington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>104</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Aldridge</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Walsall</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sut. Coldfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lichfleld</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>1804</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aldringham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Aldeburgh</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Saxmundha</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dunwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>362</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Aldrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Worthing</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>615</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aldstone Moor[A]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>272</td><td align='right'>6858</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aldsworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>353</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Aldwark</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Aldwark</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N. R York</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Knaresboro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'>190</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aldwarke</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W. R York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aldwinckle-all Saints </td><td align='right'>p </td><td align='left'> Northamp</td><td align='left'>Thrapston </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Kettering </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Oundle </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'>76 </td><td align='right'>247</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aldwinckle-St Peter</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>171</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aldsworth[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>East Ilsley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ALDSTONE MOOR, in Leath Ward, is situated on the borders of +Northumberland, in the most picturesque and romantic part of the + + +<span class="sidenote">Picturesque +and Romantic +scenery.</span> + + +county. The town itself stands upon a hill, at the bottom of which +runs the river Tyne. The immediate vicinity abounds in lead-mines, +on estates which once belonged to the Derwentwater family. On the +attainder of the last earl, they were granted in aid of the support of +Greenwich Hospital, from the trustees of which national institution, the +mines are at present leased. Satin spar is found in this parish; there +is also a pool on Gildersdale Fell, the slime of which is used for painting + + +<span class="sidenote">The slime +of a pool +use for +painting +yellow.</span> + + +yellow. About three miles from the town, are the earthworks of +Whitley castle, where relics of antiquity have frequently been +discovered.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, last Thursday in May, 1st Thursday in September, for +cattle, horses, linen and woollen cloth.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ALDWORTH is pleasantly situated on a hill: here was anciently +a mansion belonging to the family of De La Beche, the site of which is +now Beach Farm. In the churchyard is a remarkable yew-tree, the + + +<span class="sidenote">Remarkable +yew-tree, +nine yards +round.</span> + + +trunk measuring nine yards in circumference, at upwards of four feet +from the ground. The church is celebrated for its very ancient monuments, +nine in number, disposed in enriched arches on each side, and + + +<span class="sidenote">Church +celebrated +for ancient +monuments.</span> + + +in the centre of the interior; these are supposed to belong to the +De La Beche family, and from the costume of the figures upon the +tombs, may be referred to the fourteenth century; six of them are +knights in armour; two are females, and one in the common habit +of the time; some of the knights are represented lying cross-legged; +these had vowed, or accompanied a crusade; the workmanship is +excellent, and the attitude and expression of each of the figures that +remain perfect, are exceedingly graceful, but several of the monuments +are now considerably mutilated. The font is very ancient, and +remarkably plain, but very capacious, and somewhat singular in its +form.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Alemouth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Lesbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>415</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Alesworth</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Deeping</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Peterborough</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>87</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Alfold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Haslemere</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>514</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>1784</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Shepton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Castle Cary</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>137</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alfreton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>5691</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Alfrick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromvard</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Gt. Malvern</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>493</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Alfriston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Newhaven</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>694</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Algarkirk</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Fosdyke Br.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Boston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Donnington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>651</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Alkerton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>192</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Alkham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Folkestone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>542</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alkington</td><td align='right'>ti & to</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Old Passage</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Berkeley</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Dursley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>1167</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alkmonton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>79</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Alkrington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Oldham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>367</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alcannings</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>811</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Allendale</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Aldsto. Moor</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>273</td><td align='right'>5540</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Allen-Head</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Allendale</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>268</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Allen, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>St. Michael</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>252</td><td align='right'>637</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Allensmore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Thruxton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>592</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Allenton</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>310</td><td align='right'>822</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Aller</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allerby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Cockermout</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Holm</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>313</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Allerston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>220</td><td align='right'>385</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Allerthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Pocklington </td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>212 </td><td align='right'>185</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Allerthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Northallerton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>218</td><td align='right'>167</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Allerton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'>374</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Allerton Chapel</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>132</td><td align='right'>313</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton Chapel</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Halifax</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>1730</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Keighly</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>1733</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton Bywater</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>375</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton Mauleverer[B]</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Knaresboro</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ALFRETON, is situated about two miles from the commencement +of the moors, which extend so widely in this county. The town is + + +<span class="sidenote">Built by +King +Alfred.</span> + + +supposed to have been built by King Alfred, and to derive its name +from him. The spot is shown where the house stood in which he +lived. The inhabitants are principally employed in a stocking manufactory, +and in the neighbouring collieries. Earthenware is also made in +this place, and the Monday market, for corn, is considerable. In + + +<span class="sidenote">700 Roman +coins found +here.</span> + + +Greenhill Lane, near this town, seven hundred Roman coins, were discovered +by a labourer employed in repairing a fence.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Monday and Friday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 2¼ P.M., departs 9¼ A.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, horses +and cattle, October 8, and November 22, statute.—<i>Inns</i>, Angel, and George.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ALLERTON MAULEVERER, is situated in a very beautiful part +of Yorkshire. The park now in the possession of <i>Lord Stourton</i>, consists +of about four hundred acres, in which is a superb mansion; the land is + + +<span class="sidenote">Extensive +park and +mansion.</span> + + +very rich, and charmingly diversified by a variety of hills, dales, and +groves, which are considerably enlivened, and receive much additional +beauty, from a very fine expanse of water. An octagonal tower has + + +<span class="sidenote">Picturesque +tower.</span> + + +been built on a lofty hill, finely shaded with trees; it consists of two +rooms, and is approached by a double flight of steps, each of which, +as well as the terrace around the building, are protected by iron +palisades. From this commanding situation, all the various beauties of +the park are seen to the greatest advantage, and many extensive and +diversified prospects are enjoyed. Here was a priory of Benedictine + + +<span class="sidenote">Here was a +Priory of +Benedictine +monks.</span> + + +monks, founded by Richard Mauleverer, in the reign of Henry II., +which was dissolved about three centuries afterwards by King Henry VI. +The manor was the seat of the Mauleverer family for more than five +hundred years, when Sir Richard, the last heir, who died unmarried, +left the estate by will to his mother, who, afterwards by marriage, +conveyed it to the Arundel family, and from them it became the property +of the Honourable, William Monkton Arundel, Viscount Galway, +whose son, the late Lord Galway, sold it in the year 1786, to the late +Duke of York, who afterwards occasionally resided in the park, with +George IV., then Prince of Wales. The estate, comprising four thousand +five hundred and twenty-five acres, was sold by the Royal Duke to + + +<span class="sidenote">Sale of the +estate by the +late Duke of +York, for +£110,000.</span> + + +Colonel Thornton, for £110,000; and was, in 1805, resold by that +gentleman to the late Lord Stourton, father of the present proprietor. +The mansion stands on a gentle elevation; it was erected by his Royal +Highness the Duke of York, and has since been considerably improved.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Allesley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>875</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Allestrey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Alfreton</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>501</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Allexton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>M. Harboro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>68</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allhallows</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Market Ireby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Allonby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>308</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Allhallows</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sheerness</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Queenboro</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>263</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Lyme Regis</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>1300</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Allington[A] </td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>32 </td><td align='right'>37</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ALLINGTON. Situated in the hundred of Larkefield, in the +lathe of Aylesford, near the river Medway. <span class="smcap">Allington Castle</span> was +originally built in the Saxon times, by a noble family denominated + +<span class="sidenote">The castle.</span> + +<i>Columbary</i>, but was razed afterwards by the Danes. The manor was +given after the conquest to Bishop Odo, (in whose time there was + + +<span class="sidenote">Mansion +given to +Bishop Odo.</span> + + +a <i>church</i> at Allington,) and on his disgrace, to the great Earl Warrenne, +who is stated to have had the castle rebuilt, which, however, seems +to be doubtful, as the famous Sir Stephen Penchester, constable of +Dover Castle, in the reign of Edward I., and then owner of this manor, +had a license to fortify, and embattle, his mansion-house here. It +passed afterwards to the <i>Cobham</i> family; and from them to the <i>Brents</i>, +by whom it was alienated to Sir Henry Wyatt, a descendant from + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir Henry +Wyatt deprived +of seventeen +manors and +his liberty, +for treason.</span> + + +a worthy Yorkshire family; who, besides losing seventeen manors, was +deprived of his liberty for engaging in the plot against Richard III. in +favour of the Earl of Richmond; but when success had crowned the +attempts of the latter, he was released by the new king, knighted, +made banneret, a knight of the bath, and a privy counsellor. He +made this castle his residence; and here was born his accomplished +son and successor, Sir Thomas Wyatt. This gentleman who was equally +renowned, as a scholar, a soldier, and a statesman, (in consequence +of which he was considered to be "the delight of the muses and +mankind") made this a "fair seat," and was visited here by Henry VIII., + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir Thomas +Wyatt, was an accomplished +scholar, +soldier and +statesman.</span> + + +(as his father Sir Henry had also been,) with whom he was a great +favourite; though he appears in some degree to have unintentionally +excited his jealousy, through the admiration which his accomplishments +had raised in the breast of the fascinating Anne Boleyn. He died +in his thirty-eighth year, at Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, of a violent +fever. His son Sir Thomas Wyatt, the younger, being deprived of +his estates and life, for treason against Queen Mary, this castle and +manor became vested in the crown, and were granted, on lease by +Elizabeth, to John Astley Esq., master of her jewels, in her eleventh +year. His son, Sir John Astley, afterwards had the whole granted to him +by the queen's letters patent, dated in her twenty-sixth year, and from + + +<span class="sidenote">Parish consists +of one +house, a +church, and +a cottage.</span> + + +his family it was transferred to that of Lord Romney, and is now the +property of the present earl. The remains of the castle are particularly +curious and interesting, but give the idea rather of a fortified dwelling, +than of a place of strength. The moat still exists, as does the +entrance gateway, which was erected by the Cobhams. Besides the +castle and parsonage, (a mere cottage,) there is only one house in this +parish; though Sir Stephen de Penchester is recorded to have procured +a grant of a market weekly, and a three days annual fair for his manor +of Allington.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>80</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Malmsbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Allington, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Kingsbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dartmouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>677</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Allington, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Modbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Plymouth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>207</td><td align='right'>872</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Allington, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>M. Mowbray </td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='right'>115 </td><td align='right'>357</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Allithwaite, Upper</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Cartmel</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hawkeshead</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ulverstone </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>255 </td><td align='right'>759</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Allithwaite, Lower</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>..by Ferry </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>257 </td><td align='right'>838</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allonby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Cockermouth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Holm </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>315 </td><td align='right'>783 </td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Allostock</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>168</td><td align='right'>448</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>All Saints, St. Elm</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Halesworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Harleston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>439</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Almeley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Weobly</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leominster </td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>150 </td><td align='right'>670</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Almer, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wimborne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Almington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>158 </td><td align='right'>340</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Almington & Delph</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Coleshill </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>112 </td><td align='right'>264 </td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Almodington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Selsea-Bill </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Almondbury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>30606</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Almondsbury</td><td align='right'>pa & ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Old Pas. Hou.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>1408</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Almsford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Castle Cary</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Bruton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>114 </td><td align='right'>304</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Alne</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>1967</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Alne, Great</td><td align='right'>chap & to</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Henley-Arden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Alnham</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>278</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Alnwick[B]</td><td align='right'>m. t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>308 </td><td align='right'>6788 </td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ALMONDBURY is situated near the river Calder, in the upper +division of the wapentake of Aybrigg. Here is a grammar school, + + +<span class="sidenote">Grammar +school founded by +James I.</span> + + +founded by patent from James I. and endowed with about £120 per +annum. This place is noted for its extensive woollen manufactories. +It was anciently called Albanbury. In the neighbourhood traces +of an ancient castle, on an eminence, are still discernable. It is supposed, +by some antiquarians, to have been the Campodonum of the + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient +castle.Campodonum of the +Romans.</span> + + +Romans, and subsequently a royal seat of some of the Saxon kings.</p> + + +<p>[B] ALNWICK, is on the high road from London to Berwick, and +usually regarded as the capital of the county. It is situated partly in the +southern division of Barnborough Ward, and partly in the eastern division +of Coquetdale Ward. It is built irregularly, on the declivities of a +hill, near the river Alne, over which a handsome stone bridge was erected +by the late Duke of Northumberland, which bears the Percy crest +on the parapet; there is also another bridge, of one arch, lower down +the river; these two bridges serve as boundaries to the fine lawns +surrounding the castle. At the head of Pottergate is a tower or +clock-house, built in 1786. An abbey of Premonstratension canons + + +<span class="sidenote">An abbey +of monks, +founded in +1147.</span> + + +was founded at Alnwick by Eustace St. John, in the year 1147. It +was pleasantly situated on the northern margin of the Alne, the site +of which was granted, in 1549, to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Wennington, +after which it became the seat of the Brandling family, and +also of the Doubleday family, by whom it was sold to the Duke +of Northumberland. A fine gate house still remains, on which the +Percy arms is visible. This town has a spacious market place, +and a considerable town hall, in which the sessions and county +courts are held. It is paved, watched, and lighted, under an act passed +in 1821. Although the county town, the assizes are held at Newcastle. +Alnwick Castle has been for many centuries a fortress of great + + +<span class="sidenote">Fortress of +great +strength.</span> + + +strength, and the family mansion of the Percys'; it stands on an eminence +on the south side of the Alne, opposite to the town, and commands a +beautiful view of the country. The walls are flanked with sixteen +gothic towers, the battlements of which, are ornamented with figures of +ancient warriors: it is very celebrated in border history, and was peculiarly +fatal to the kings of Scotland, of whom Malcolm II. and his son Edward, + + +<span class="sidenote">The fall of +Malcolm II. +and his son +Edward.</span> + + +fell before it; and William, surnamed the Lion, was taken prisoner. +The castle has lately undergone a complete repair; great attention +having been paid to the restoration of the gothic ornaments in their +original style. The chapel has been rendered extremely beautiful, by +the introduction of a ceiling, in imitation of the celebrated one of +King's College, Cambridge. There is also a handsome window, on the +model of one at York Minster, and the walls are painted in the manner +of those of the cathedral of Milan. The tenants of the estate at +Alnwick, in the year 1818, erected a monument to the memory of + + +<span class="sidenote">Monument +to the memory +of the +late Duke of +Northumberland.</span> + + +the late Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1817, and was +buried in Westminster Abbey. The Percy column, as it is called, +stands on a beautiful knoll, adjoining the road on the southern +entrance to the town; it rises without a pedestal, and may be seen +in every direction, it is eighty-three feet in height, but may be +ascended easily by a circular flight of stairs within. There is an +immemorial custom continued here on the proclamation of the several + + +<span class="sidenote">Curious +customs in +Alnwick.</span> + + +fairs; divers adjacent townships, which are free of toll in the borough, +by this service, send their deputies to attend the bailiff, on the +eve of the fair, when he makes proclamation; after which they keep +watch all night in every part of the town, and this is the most +perfect remains of watch and ward retained in any part of this +country. It is said that King John, having endured considerable inconvenience +from the miry state of the roads, in humorous revenge, directed +that for the future, the freemen of Alnwick, should be made in the following +manner, which is still observed.—On St. Mark's day, those who + + +<span class="sidenote">Making +freemen at +Alnwick +through a +muddy pool.</span> + + +are to be made free, assemble in the market place, dressed in white, +with white caps, and a sword by their side. They proceed on horseback +from this place to the town moor, headed by the four chamberlains, +attired in the same manner, where they alight and rush through a +muddy pool; having performed this ceremony, they change their soiled +garments, and return to the town. Here is a free school, supported +by a revenue arising out of the tolls, and various minor charities.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday,—<i>Mail</i> arrives 6¼ A.M., departs 5½ P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, Palm Sunday eve, +for shoes, hats, &c.; May 12th, horses and horned cattle; last Monday in July, linen +and woollen cloth; 1st Tuesday in October, and October 28th, horses and cattle; and +Saturday before Christmas Day, for shoes, hats, and woollens.—<i>Bankers</i>, Ridley and Co., +draw on Glynn and Co.—<i>Inn</i>, White Swan.</p></div> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Alphamstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>277</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Alphaston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lavenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>309</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Alphington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Topsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chudleigh</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>1236</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alpington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Loddon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hempnell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>197</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alpraham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>418</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>St. Osyth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Manningtre</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alresford, New[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>1437</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] NEW ALRESFORD, is in the north division of the hundred of +Alton: seated on the river Itchin, at no great distance from its source. +It was anciently a more populous place than at present, the navigation + + +<span class="sidenote">Formerly a +populous +place.</span> + + +of the river, having at one time extended from Southampton +to this town; whereas, it now ceases at Winchester. Alresford is +divided into two parishes, of which that of Old Alresford is deemed the +mother church. The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament, +is governed by a bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are +held here. There is a manufacture of linseys of some consequence, but +generally speaking, the trade is much decayed. At Tichbourne + + +<span class="sidenote">Tichbourne +Hall, seat +of Sir H. +Tichbourne.</span> + + +Hall, about two miles distant, the seat of Sir H. Tichbourne, there +has been bestowed annually, on Lady Day, from the reign of Henry II. +a gift to every applicant of twopence in bread or money; of which +bounty, in some years, no less than seventeen hundred persons have +partaken.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 3½ A.M. departs 11½ P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, last Thursday +in July, and October 17, sheep, &c.—<i>Bankers</i>, Knapp & Co. draw on Barclay & Co.—<i>Inn</i>, +Swan.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alresford, Old</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>459</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alrewas</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>1607</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alewas Hayes</td><td align='right'>dis</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>77</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alsager</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>446</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alsop-le-Dale</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Longnor</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>61</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Alston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>1030</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Alstone</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury </td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>101 </td><td align='right'>78</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alstonefield</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Longnor</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>5169</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Altcar</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'>505</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Alternon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Launceston </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Camelford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bodmin</td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='right'>222 </td><td align='right'>1069</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Altham</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>413</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Althorne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Southminster </td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>42 </td><td align='right'>352</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Althorp</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Glandford Br </td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'>165 </td><td align='right'>981</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Althorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>N. Walsingh.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>9</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Altmawr</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Aberedwy</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Altofts</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>502</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alton[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Basingstok e</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>2742</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alton Barnes</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pewsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>138</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Alton Pancras</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cerne-Abbas</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>210</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alton Priors</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pewsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Altringham[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>2708</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>[A] ALTON is seated on the river Wye; it is a pleasant open town, +consisting of three streets, of which the principal contains some handsome +houses. It is governed by a constable appointed by the magistracy, +and a petty sessions are held in the town. The district +around is celebrated for the superiority of its hop plantations, and + + +<span class="sidenote">Celebrated +for hops, +and manufactures +in serges and +other worsted +fabrics.</span> + + +possesses manufactures of druggets, serges, and other worsted fabrics, +which are dyed in the wool. It was at Alton that Sir William Waller, +in December 1643, obtained some advantages over the forces of Lord +Hopton, who had taken his post in the town, the regiment commanded by +Colonel Bowles retreated to the church, but not having time to barricade + + +<span class="sidenote">Church converted to a fortress.</span> + + +the doors, threw down their arms, and surrendered; but the Colonel +himself, refusing quarter, was slain on the spot. Amongst the celebrated +men to whom this town has given birth, may be mentioned William de +Alton, a Dominican Friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and +wrote on the universality of the pollution of mankind by original sin. +John Pitts, the Roman Catholic Biographer, who was born in 1560, and +died in 1616; and William Curtis the Botanist, who was born about 1746, +and died in 1799.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 2 A.M. departs 12¾ A.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, Saturday before +May, sheep and lambs, September 29, cattle and toys.—Commercial Banking Company, +draw on Williams, and Co.—<i>Inn</i>, Swan.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ALTRINGHAM is a very neat market-town in the parish of +Bowden, and hundred of Bucklow, near which the Duke of Bridgewater's +canal passes from the Mersey at Runcorn, to Manchester; it + + +<span class="sidenote">Yarn, cotton, +and worsted +manufactories</span> + + +possesses several factories of yarn, cotton, and worsted, and the +vicinity supplies the markets of Manchester well with fruit and +vegetables. This town was anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham +Massey, one of whom granted to it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth +century.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 4½ A.M., departs 9½ P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, April 29, +August 5, November 22, for cattle and drapery.—<i>Inns</i>, Bowling Green and Unicorn.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alvanley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>188</td><td align='right'>341</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alvaston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>46</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alvaston</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>364</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Alvechurch[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Redditch</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>1548</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alvediston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>239</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Alvely</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Cleobury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>836</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Alverdiscott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bideford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>334</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alverstoke</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Gosport</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Tichfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fareham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>12637</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Alverthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Dewsbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>4859</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Alverton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Notts</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Southwell</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>16</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Alvescott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Whitney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>361</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alveston[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>New Pas</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>800</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Alveston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>650</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alveton</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Uttaxeter</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>2391</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Alvingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>292</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alvington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Blakeney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coleford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>281</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Alwalton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>Peterboro</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stilton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>294</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Alwington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bideford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>206</td><td align='right'>486</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Alwoodley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>142</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Amberly</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>135</td><td align='right'>25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Amberly</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Petworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Worthing</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>637</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ambersham, North</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Midhurst</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Haslemere</td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>49 </td><td align='right'>121</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ambersham, South</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>183</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Amble</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Felton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>301</td><td align='right'>247</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Amblecoat</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge </td><td align='right'>1 </td><td align='left'>Dudley </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Wolverhamp </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>122 </td><td align='right'>1157</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Ambleside[C]</td><td align='right'>mt & chap</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Helvelyn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Winanderm</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>1095</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred +of Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen +annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large + + +<span class="sidenote">Church of +Anglo Norman +architecture.</span> + + +structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It +however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded +here by Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the +county formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of +England, in the reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a +circumstantial account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop +Latimer put it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have +been merely a timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop +since the restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled +down, when the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow, +which rises in the Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards + + +<span class="sidenote">Dilapidations +of time.</span> + + +Beoley Park, and Warwickshire; and the Ikenield Street, also passes +it. This town formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen +into decay, it however, receives some benefit from the Worcester canal, +which passes it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon canal, at King's +Norton.</p> + + +<p>[B] ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman + + +<span class="sidenote">Two Roman +camps.</span> + + +camps; the one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the +other called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity +have been discovered.</p> + + +<p>[C] AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity +of the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch passes through +the town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus. + + +<span class="sidenote">Site of the +Roman +Dictus.</span> + + +It is scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic +beauties of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery in +England, is to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory +of woollen cloth.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for horned cattle +October 29, ditto and sheep—<i>Mail</i> arrives 9½ A.M., departs 7 A.M.</p></div> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Ambleston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Haverfrd.W.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Fishguard</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>266</td><td align='right'>574</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ambrosden</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>914</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Amcotts</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glandford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Amersham[A]</td><td align='right'>bo. m. t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Chesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Beaconsfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>2612</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Amesbury[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stone-Henge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>544</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a +branch of the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between +two wooded hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge +to Wendover; it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from +Chesham to High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church. +The market is held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir +William Drake, about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars + + +<span class="sidenote">Town Hall, +built by Sir +W. Drake, +1680.</span> + + +and arches, with a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in +the county. Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but +by the Reform Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively +repaired in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the +family of the Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a +monument of Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638; +and also several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the +adjoining mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by +<i>Sheemaker</i>, and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere. +About a mile northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat +of Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the + + +<span class="sidenote">Shardeloes +park.</span> + + +possession of the Brudenell's, which family terminated in a peeress, +and brought Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat +of William Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in + + +<span class="sidenote">Entertainment of Queen Elizabeth.</span> + + +one of her progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey, +who was one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married +Jane, the daughter and heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion +is beautifully situated on the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense +sheet of water, covering thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful +prospect, particularly towards the east, where the town of Amersham, +and the surrounding eminences, covered with wood, present a very +picturesque appearance. The gardens, formerly much admired for + + +<span class="sidenote">Picturesque +views.</span> + + +their beauty, were originally formed by Sir William Drake, about 1666, +but have been modernized by Richmond, for the late proprietor. Here +is also a Free Grammar School, the scholars of which are entitled to +three exhibitions in Corpus Christi College, Oxford, bequeathed by +Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in 1620; and likewise four alms +houses, with other minor charities. The manufactures are chiefly lace, +sacking, and all kinds of white cotton, wrought by machinery; and the +markets are well attended.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and September 19, for +cattle, and statute.—<i>Inns</i>, Crown and Griffin.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 7 A.M., departs 9¼ P.M.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] AMESBURY, or Ambresbury, is situated on the river Avon, and +is said to derive its name and origin from an abbey, founded by the +British Prince Ambrosius; which abbey was subsequently changed + + +<span class="sidenote">Founded by +the British +Prince Ambrosius.</span> + + +into a convent of Benedictine monks, of which some remains are still +to be seen. In the parish, and about two miles from the town, is the +celebrated British monument, known by the name of Stone-henge. +Antiquaries differ in their opinions as to the probable application of +this structure; the majority, however, deem it to have been a druidical + +<span class="sidenote">Stone-henge.</span> + +temple, or a grand tribunal of justice. Out of twenty-four enormous +stones, of which the outer circular range appears to have been formed, +seventeen are still standing, and seven on the ground; of the inner +circle, eleven out of the nineteen of which it was formed are still upright, +and the remainder prostrate. The distance of the inner circle from the +outer one is about eight feet, forming a walk between the two of about +three hundred feet in circumference; the stones are from eighteen to +twenty feet high, from six to seven feet broad, and about three feet thick, +and there is an appearance of the whole having been surrounded with a +trench, over which were three passages. There are numerous barrows and +tumuli around it, where many skeletons and military weapons have been +discovered. Conjecture has been at a loss to ascertain the means by which +such solid masses could have been conveyed, and placed in so elevated a +situation without the aid of machinery. It stands near the summit of a +hill; even at the distance of half a mile the appearance is awful; but on a +nearer approach, the eye is still more delighted with the greatness of its +contour. On entering the building, either on foot or horseback, these + + +<span class="sidenote">Its awful +appearance.</span> + + +ruins fill the mind with astonishment, which it is impossible for the pen +adequately to describe. Other buildings have fallen by piece-meal—here +a single stone is a ruin. As you advance farther, the greatness of every +part, and the singular construction of the whole, causes additional surprise. +Some authors suppose that this noble temple does not owe its defacement +so much to the introduction of Christianity, as to the rude and barbarous +hands of the neighbouring peasantry, who have carried away the stones +for their own purposes. At a house which occupies part of the ancient nunnery, + + +<span class="sidenote">Nunnery of +St. Augustine.</span> + + +a society of nuns of St. Augustine, from Flanders, have taken up +their abode, probably attracted by the supposed sanctity of the situation. +Near the town stands the once celebrated house of the Dukes of Queensbury, +built by Inigo Jones, and subsequently improved by the Earl of +Burlington. The neighbourhood abounds with clay used for making +tobacco pipes, and the river Avon supplies a very much admired species of +fish called loach. In the vicinity is a camp, called Vespasians. It consists + + +<span class="sidenote">Camp of 39 +acres.</span> + + +of a triangular area of 39 acres, defended by a ditch and vallum, and +bounded on two sides by the Avon. This may have been occupied by the +Romans, but its construction and position indicate a British origin.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 11 P.M., departs 4 A.M.—<i>Fair</i>, May 17, June 22, December +18, for horses, sheep, and horned cattle.—<i>Inn</i>, George.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Almwich[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Anglesey</td><td align='left'>Beaumaris</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Llanerch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>261</td><td align='right'>6285</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Amotherby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>221</td><td align='right'>246</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney Cruci</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lechlade</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>87</td><td align='right'>599</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ALMWICH, a seaport town in the parish of the same name, in the +hundred of Twerclyn. It is situated on the north coast of the Island of +Anglesey; and from a small village (in consequence of the discovery of a +rich copper-mine in the Parys mountain) has been augmented into a considerable +town: the appearance of this celebrated mountain is very rude; +it is bare of vegetation, in consequence of the suffocating fumes which +issue from it. The Romans are supposed to have obtained copper ore + + +<span class="sidenote">From this +place the +Romans +obtained +copper ore.</span> + + +from this place, as many vestiges of what, it is imagined, were their operations, +are still traceable. The great riches of the site were not, however, +discovered until March 2, 1768, by the lessees of Sir Nicholas Bayley, +afterwards Earl of Uxbridge; and equally successful was the Rev. Edward +Hughes, proprietor of another part of the same ridge. The substance of +the mountain being ore, it has not been worked in the usual way, by +shafts and levels, but by direct excavation. "Nature," Mr. Pennant observes, +"hath been profuse in bestowing her mineral favours on this spot, +for above the copper ore, and not more than three-quarters of a yard +beneath the common soil, is a bed of yellowish greasy clay, from one to +four yards thick, containing lead ore, and yielding from six hundred to a +thousand pounds weight of lead from one ton; and one ton of the metal + + +<span class="sidenote">Lead ore +which yields +silver also.</span> + + +yields not less than fifty-seven ounces of silver. Mixed with the earth are +frequently certain parts, of the colour of cinnabar; whether these are +symptomatic of the sulphurous arsenical silver ores, or of quick-silver, I +will not pretend to decide. Something interferes with the successful smelting +of this earth in the great, insomuch that it has not yet been of that profit +to the adventurers, which might reasonably be expected from the crucible +assays of it." From this mountain arises a mineral water, which turns the +syrup of violets red, without any signs of chalybeate. To enumerate the + + +<span class="sidenote">Various +minerals.</span> + + +mineral substances found from time to time would prove a tedious employment, +and perhaps an unimportant one. The following are the principal +and most useful:—1. Yellow sulphurated copper ore; 2. Native copper, +in small quantities; 3. Sulphate of copper, both chrystallized and in solution; +4. Sulphate of lead, containing a small portion of silver; 5. Black +ore, containing copper with galenea, calamine, and some silver; 6. Native +sulphur. Not far from Parys Mountain is the port whence the ore brought + + +<span class="sidenote">The port, a +chasm between +the rocks.</span> + + +from the mines is transported to Liverpool and Swansea; it is a chasm between +two rocks, large enough to receive thirty vessels, each 200 tons. +The two companies employ fifteen brigs, from 100 to 150 tons burden, +besides sloops and other craft. The articles exported from these copper +mines are principally a coarse copper from the smelting-house, a richer +copper ore, dried precipitate of copper from the vitriol pits, refined sulphur, +ochre, alum, and green vitriol. Though much improved by the copper companies, +this port is so exposed to the swell of the ocean, as to make it difficult +and dangerous of access, during the prevalence of high northerly winds.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, November 12.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney Down[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cricklade</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney, St. Mary,}<br /> or Ashbrook }</td><td align='right'>pa </td><td align='left'>Ditto</td><td align='left'>Cirencester </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Fairford </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Bibury</td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>115</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney, St. Peter</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Ditto</td><td align='left'>Cirencester </td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Cricklade</td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>180</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ampleforth</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>623</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Amport</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ludgershall</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>731</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ampthill [B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Toddington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>1688</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] AMPNEY DOWN. The church of this place is very curious, and is +said to have been built by the Knights Templars, about the year 1260. + + +<span class="sidenote">The church +built by the +Knights +Templars.</span> + + +Under the window at the south-end of the transept, is the tomb of Sir Nicholas +de Villiers and his lady, with their effigies, represented under an +arch. The knight is represented as a crusader, in mail and surtout, with +his legs crossed, his feet resting on a lion, and his right hand on the hilt of +his sword; on his left arm is a shield bearing the Cross of St. George, +charged with five escalop-shells. This figure is of hard blue stone; that of +the lady is of free-stone, and much mutilated. Below the effigies of the +knight is a mutilated inscription in the Saxon character. An ancient mansion, +built by the family of the Hungerfords, in the reign of Henry the +Eighth, was repaired and modernized, as to its exterior, a few years ago. +It belongs, with the manor, to the family of Eliot, of Port Eliot, in Cornwall.</p> + + +<p>[B] AMPTHILL is situated between two hills in the centre of the county. +Here is an obelisk of Portland stone, forming a receptacle for a pump; and +also a Gothic cross, which was erected in 1744, to the memory of Catherine +of Arragon, by the Earl of Upper Ossory, who was then proprietor of +Ampthill Park, at a former period the residence of that ill-treated Queen. + + +<span class="sidenote">Under a +pear-tree in +Ampthill +park Sir +Philip +Sydney +wrote part of +his Arcadia.</span> + + +This park, which lies to the west of the town, is now the seat of Lord Holland; +it was constituted a royal domain by Henry VIII., who conferred a +name on the annexed estates, the "Honour of Ampthill;" the old castle in +which Queen Catherine resided, stood on a more elevated ground than the +present mansion, which is a magnificent structure, with wings, and a flight +of steps leading to a handsome hall; the park, which is now united with +that of Houghton, is spacious, and presents several most delightful prospects. +At the entrance of Ampthill Park there is a pear tree, under which +it is reported that Sir Philip Sydney wrote a part of his Arcadia.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 6 A.M.. departs 8½ P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, May 4, and November 30, for cattle.—<i>Inn</i>, +White Hart.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Amroth[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Narbeth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Llaugharne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>251</td><td align='right'>654</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Amwell, Great[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>1321</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Amwell, Little</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>369</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ancaster[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>491</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Ancroft</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Berwick</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coldstream</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>253</td><td align='right'>1384</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Anderby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>217</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Anderson, or Anderstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Poole</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>54</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Anderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>327</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Anderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Andover[D]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Stockbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>4843</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] AMROTH. The castle of Amroth, now modernized, from the house +formerly called Eare Wear, was in the 15th century, a settlement of the +Elliott's. The present proprietor is Captain Ackland, by purchase, from a +female representative of the Elliotts. The most judiciously assimilating +additions have been made so as to give it every appendage of convenience +and luxury. The antique porch is nicely preserved. The conservatory +and grapery are entered from the dining-rooms, which was once a vaulted +roofed ale cellar, or castle prison. A portion of this vault remains unaltered. +From the lawn is a beautiful and interesting view of Tenby. The + + +<span class="sidenote">View of +Tenby.</span> + + +church of Amroth, on the road to Ludchurch, is situated on a limestone +rock, which has been reduced on every side, and is remarkable for a curiously +disposed tower.</p> + + +<p>[B] GREAT AMWELL is supposed to have derived its name from Emma's + + +<span class="sidenote">Emma's +Well, one of +sources of +the New +River</span> + + +Well, a pure water-fountain that issues from a hill, and forms one +of the sources of the New River. Here is a monument erected by Mr. +Milne, to the ill-requited Sir Hugh Middleton, in a small islet formed by +the said river. Sir Hugh, notwithstanding the assistance afforded him by +Parliament, and the City of London, ruined himself by procuring supplies +of water to the metropolis. Great mystery envelopes the latter period of +his life. It is traditionally reported that he retired to the village of Kemberton, + + +<span class="sidenote">Indigence of +Sir Hugh +Middleton.</span> + + +near Shiffnall, in Shropshire, where he resided some time in great +indigence, under the assumed name of Raymond, and it is said that during +such residence he was actually employed in paving the streets. The +poet Warner, author of "Albion's England," lies interred here. The +church is situated on an eminence, the picturesque beauty of which has been +justly celebrated by the admirable poet, usually denominated Scott of +Amwell, from his residence in the village, and the title of his poem.</p> + + +<p>[C] ANCASTER. This parish is situated on the great Roman road, called +Ermin-street, and bears strong evidence of having been a Roman station; +many authors unite to fix here the ancient Causennæ. It occupies a low +situation, and at the north end flows a small brook. From the vestiges +which remain of military works it has certainly been a place of great +strength. A great number of coins, and other antiquities, have been found +here in such quantities, as to become a source of considerable emolument +to the inhabitants of the place; so much so, that at one time many became +extensive dealers in them. These coins are of various Emperors. Several + + +<span class="sidenote">Mosaic +pavements.</span> + + +mosaic pavements have also been discovered here. It is highly probable +from these circumstances, that Ancaster was the Causennæ of Antoninus. +About the town are several quarries of stone, which is found very near the +surface. Ancaster once gave the title of Duke to the head of the Bertie +family, but that Dukedom is now extinct.</p> + + + +<p>[D] ANDOVER, situated on the river Anton, is supposed to have been +the Andaoreon of the Romans; and this opinion seems to have been countenanced +by the remains of several ancient encampments in the neighbourhood, +and by the Roman road, which runs from Winchester to Cirencester, +and passes through the town. The antiquity of the corporation is as +remote as the reign of John, but the present charter was granted by Queen +Elizabeth; the town is extensive, and two of the streets are handsome and +wide. There is a spacious town-hall, supported by arches, under which +the weekly market is held. The church, situated at the north of the town, +is a large Gothic building, consisting of a nave, side aisles, and chancel, +with a transept on the north, and a low tower rising from the centre; it +existed in the time of the Conqueror, and is dedicated to St. Mary. Within + + +<span class="sidenote">Weyhill +Fair.</span> + + +four miles of the town is held the great annual fair of Weyhill, which, as +it lasts for a week, causes much circulation of money in Andover. In addition +to the many small Roman encampments in the immediate neighbourhood, +there is a very large one on the summit of Bury Hill, about two +miles to the S.S.W.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 2¾ A.M., departs 11¾ P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, Friday and Saturday +after Mid-Lent, for cheese, horses, and leather; May 17, November 13, for sheep, +horses, leather, and cheese.—<i>Bankers</i>, T. & W. Heath, draw on Masterman and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, +Star and Garter, and White Hart.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Andrew, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Llandaff</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>474</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Andrew, St. Minor</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge </td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgend </td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'> Cardiff </td><td align='right'>15 </td><td align='right'>175 </td><td align='right'>16</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Andrew, St. Ilketshall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Beccles </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Halesworth </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>106 </td><td align='right'>512</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Angersleigh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>54</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Angerton (High)</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hartburn</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>64</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Angerton, (Low)</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>289</td><td align='right'>55</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Angle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Milford by W</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>The Lightho.</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>264</td><td align='right'>458</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Anglesey, Isle of[A]</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>North Wales</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>48328</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Anglezarke</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>203</td><td align='right'>168</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ANGLESEY (Isle and County of), forms one of the six counties of +North Wales, and is situated at the north western extremity of the principality. +It is watered on three sides by the Irish sea, and separated on +the eastern side from Caernarvonshire, by the serpentine strait of Menai, +from three-quarters to half a mile broad. Its form is irregular, being indented +with many small bays and creeks, which gave it some maritime +importance under its native princes. It has received numerous appellations +from the ancient Britons; the most approved of which was Mon, signifying +remote, Latinised by the Romans into Mona, the "nurse of +Wales," from its fruitfulness; and changed by the Saxons into Angles-ey, +or the Englishman's Island. It was the principal establishment of the + + +<span class="sidenote">Originally +the principal +establishment +of the +Druids.</span> + + +Druids in Britain, until this island was invaded by the Romans, A.D. 59, +under Suetonius Paulinus, who ordered their groves to be cut down, and +stationed a garrison to insure obedience. The climate of Anglesey is mild, +and the sea-breezes render the weather more temperate here than in the +other counties of North Wales, although from the same cause it is less +clear: that portion of the island which borders on the Menai, the site of +the terrific Druidical groves, is richly wooded. The interior, on the contrary, +owing to the great scarcity of fuel, has been rendered nearly devoid +of wood; and the greater part of the island possesses little of hill and dale +beyond a gentle and undiversified undulation of surface; its general aspect +is uninviting and cheerless. The land, however, is good, and under proper +management very productive, as respects both tillage and pasturage. +About 25,000 head of black cattle (exclusive of sheep and hogs), are + + +<span class="sidenote">Annual +exportation +of +cattle.</span> + + +annually supplied to the English market, where they are much admired +for their flavour and tenderness, occasioned by the short bite of the pasturage +on which they feed. Before the erection of the suspension bridge, the +passage of the numerous droves of cattle at the five authorized ferries of the +Menai, was a very extraordinary sight; they were made to swim over, +guided by the drovers in boats. Butter, cheese, hides, tallow, wax, and +honey, form also great articles of trade here; throughout the island there +are but few manufactures of any importance. The shore abounds in some +of the most highly prized marine productions, and is especially celebrated + + +<span class="sidenote">Prized for its marine productions. +</span> + + +for the variety and beauty of its sea shells. Anglesey is as interesting to +the antiquary, as to the natural philosopher. The ancient British vestiges +are very numerous; comprising no less than twenty-eight cromlechs, +or Druidical altars, together with circles, monumental stones, entrenchments, +and other remains of a similar description, both British and Roman, +which will receive attention in their proper places; several of the parish +churches (of which the whole, seventy-four, stand near the coast), with various +monastic remains, also deserve examination on the score of antiquity. +Mona, now Anglesey, was the chief seat of the Druids, A.D. 59. Suetonius +Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, was invested with the command of + + +<span class="sidenote">Invasion of +the Romans</span> + + +an army, and prepared to signalize his name by victories over those barbarians. +Finding this island the chief seat of the Druids, he resolved to +attack it, and bring into subjection a place which was the centre of their +superstition, and which afforded protection to all their baffled forces. The +Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this sacred island, both by +the force of their arms, and the terrors of their religion. The women and +priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon the shore; and running +about with flaming torches in their hands, and tossing their disheveled +hair, they struck greater terror into the astonished Romans by their howlings, +cries and execrations, than the real danger from the armed forces was +able to inspire. But Suetonius, exhorting his troops to disregard the menaces +of a superstition which he despised, impelled them to the attack, drove +the Britons off the field, burned the Druids in the same fires which those + + +<span class="sidenote">The Druids +burnt in the +fires they had +prepared for +their enemies.</span> + + +priests had prepared for their captive enemies; destroyed all their consecrated +groves and altars—and having thus triumphed over the religion of +the Britons, he thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the +people to subjection; but in this expectation he was disappointed. The +circumference of the island is seventy-six miles. The sea-passage from +Holyhead to Dublin, is about sixty miles, which is now traversed by steam +packets daily. Next to agriculture, and the rearing of cattle, mining +affords most employment to the labouring population; a great number of +persons are also engaged in fishing and catching wild-fowl, round the coast. +It comprises 200,000 acres of land.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Agmering</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>L. Hampton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>928</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Angram</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>67</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Angram Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>28</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Anick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>163</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Anick Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>36</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Anlaby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Anmer</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Castle Rising </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Burnham M. </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Lynn </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>132</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Annesley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Nottingham </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Newsted Ab. </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>402</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ansley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>773</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Anslow, or Annesley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Burton-on-T.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbots Brom</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in +1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial +seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park, + +<span class="sidenote">A hermitage +and Chinese +temple.</span> + +rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected with +the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited it in +1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Beneath this stony roof reclined,<br /> +I sooth to peace my pensive mind. +</p> + +<p>On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a +monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796. +Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture, +and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Anstey[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stocking Pel. </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>33 </td><td align='right'>417 </td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Anstey</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Mount Sorrel </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Loughboro' </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>100 </td><td align='right'>850</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Anstey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rugby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Anstey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>348</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Anstey, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Dulverton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>S. Moulton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Anstey, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>226</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Anston</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>776</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Anthony, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Helston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lizard Point</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>275</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Anthony, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>St. Mawes</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Antingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>248</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Anthony, West, <br />or St.Jacobs[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Devonport</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Saltash</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>St. Germains</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>3099</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Antrobus</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>476</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Anwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tattershall </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Metheringh </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>235</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Apethorpe</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wandesford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>84</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Apley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>152</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Apperley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Glocester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>401</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Appleby[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Glandford B. </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>517</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the + + +<span class="sidenote">Ruins of a +Castle.</span> + + +reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of +keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time +of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat +surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional +works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle of +the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as traditionally reported, +of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road called Ermine +Street, passes through this village.</p> + + +<p>[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West +Anthony, formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. +East Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, +M.P., is situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon + + +<span class="sidenote">Mount +Edgecomb.</span> + + +Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished +by Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a +respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard +Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a hammer +suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Carew +family.</span> + + +deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family, +there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a brass plate, beneath an +elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady of +the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander Carew, +a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of the county, +at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the measures of the +court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the command of St. +Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them into the King's + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir A. Crew +beheaded.</span> + + +possession; but the design being discovered to the Parliament, he was +suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and there the women +were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty he was rescued +from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea to London, +where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a court-martial, +was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23, 1644. <span class="smcap">West +Anthony</span>, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing village, which has risen +into importance from its proximity to the towns of Devonport, Plymouth +and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of the officers connected with +the dockyards and navy at these important towns. Near this place is +Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of that title; it is celebrated +for the beauty of its situation, near the sea, and being a much admired stroll +for the inhabitants of, and visitors to Plymouth.</p> + + + +<p>[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in +the wolds near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near +Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small burden. +That very ancient British road—the Ermine-street—passes through the +village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the Romans; it +enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving nearly a due +northerly direction, passing through the city of Lincoln, continues its +course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a great height, and is +in some places seven yards in breadth.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr> +<td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] </td><td align='right'>pa </td><td align='left'>Derb. & Leic. </td><td align='left'>Ashby </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='left'>Atherstone </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>1150</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>40</td><td>Appleby[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td>Westmor</td><td>Brough</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Penrith</td><td align='right'>14</td><td>Orton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>1459</td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of +Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school +for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.</p> + + +<p>[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is +almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy +the site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town +since the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, +Aldermen, and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest +for any sum without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives +to Parliament, but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has +many times been assailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it + + +<span class="sidenote">Burnt by the +Scots.</span> + + +suffered seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered +its former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad +street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of which +stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon origin; and at the +lower end the parish church. The ancient market houses or cloisters, were +pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic building, erected by Smirke, in +their stead. Here are also a town-hall and gaol; and at each end of the +town stands a stone obelisk or cross. Appleby received charters from Hen. +II., John, and Hen. III., all which were given up to James II., since which +period it has subsisted as a borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, +a manorial residence in this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated +record, the mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually +alienated it to the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at +present neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, +with three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot. +Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be +noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de +Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of Ossory, + + +<span class="sidenote">Eminent +characters +born here.</span> + + +in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College, +Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was +vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out, and +sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as Diogenes did, +from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should want. Here is a +free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to all the children +of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the Master; and also five +scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at Queen's College, Oxford, +and entitled to participate in five exhibitions of £60. per annum at the +same college, on the foundation of Lady Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital +for thirteen widows, founded by the celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke +and Montgomery, heiress of the Cliffords, the possessors of the +castle for several centuries; by the marriage of whose eldest daughter it +became the property of the family of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main +portion of the present castle which is of a square form, was built in 1686 +out of the ruins of a part of the former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby +Castle survived the attacks of the Parliamentary Army, under the + + +<span class="sidenote">Appleby +castle.</span> + + +influence of its owner, the aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to +yield in 1648. The church of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by +the same spirited lady, contains a noble monument to her memory. The +market is one of the best supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however +possesses but little trade, and no manufacture of importance.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday—<i>Mail</i> arrives at 1½ A.M., departs 11¼ P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, October 7 and 8, for +sheep, &.C; November 24, for sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr> +<td align='right'>11</td><td>Appledore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Devon</td><td>Bideford</td> +<td align='right'>2</td><td>Torrington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>1450</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>21</td><td>Appledore[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td>Kent</td><td>Tenterden</td> +<td align='right'>4</td><td>New Romney</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>Rye</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>698</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>38</td><td>Appledram</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Sussex</td><td>Chichester</td> +<td align='right'>2</td><td>Portsmouth</td><td align='right'>16</td><td>Petersfield </td><td align='right'>13</td> +<td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>188</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>16</td><td>Appledurcombe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td>Hants</td><td>Newport</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td>Niton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Shanklin</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td align='right'>91</td><td align='right'></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>5</td><td>Appleford</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td>Berks</td><td>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>179</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>16</td><td>Appleshaw,[B]</td><td align='right'>vil. & chap</td><td>Hants</td><td>Ludgershall </td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td>Andover </td><td align='right'>5</td><td>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>18</td> +<td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'>355</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>40</td><td>Applethwaite[C]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>Westmor</td><td>Ambleside</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td>Bowness</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Kendall</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>417</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>4</td><td>Appleton[D]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td>Berks</td><td>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td>Wantage</td><td align='right'>10</td> +<td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>441</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>22</td><td>Appleton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>Lancashire</td><td>Warrington</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td>Prescot</td><td align='right'>5</td><td>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>1439</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>44</td><td>Appleton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Catterick</td><td align='right'>3</td> +<td>Richmond</td><td align='right'>4</td><td>Bedale</td><td align='right'>6</td> +<td align='right'>228</td><td align='right'>83</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td>Appleton-le-Moors</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Pickering</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td>Kirkby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td align='right'>231</td><td align='right'>269</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>43</td><td>Appleton-le-Street</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>New Malton</td><td align='right'>4</td> +<td>Pickering</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>York</td><td align='right'>18</td> +<td align='right'>218</td><td align='right'>860</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>46</td><td>Appleton-Roebuck</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>York</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td>Selby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>5</td> +<td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>538</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>44</td><td>Appleton-on-Wisk</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Yarm</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td>Northallerton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td> +<td align='right'>232</td><td align='right'>553</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>30</td><td>Appletree</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td>Northamp</td><td>Banbury</td><td align='right'>7</td> +<td>Daventry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td>Southam</td><td align='right'>9</td> +<td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>83</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align='right'>44</td><td>Appletrewick[E]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Skipton</td><td align='right'>8</td> +<td>Settle</td><td align='right'>16</td><td>Burnsall</td><td align='right'>1</td> +<td align='right'>224</td><td align='right'>425</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the +hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime + + +<span class="sidenote">Principally +inhabited by +Graziers.</span> + + +consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly inhabited +by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is +very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort, +which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the +year 893.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>. Tuesday.—<i>Fairs</i>. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle and pedlery.</p></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[B] APPLESHAW.—Great Show Fair, Friday and Saturday before Weyhill Fair. Nov. 4 +and 5, all for sheep.</p></div> + +<p>[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere +belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject + + +<span class="sidenote">Lake of +Winandermere.</span> + + +only to a tithe of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who +makes composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. +The red char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the +lakes of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets + +<span class="sidenote">Grand Regatta.</span> + +during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to +different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand +regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families of the +first distinction.</p> + + + +<p>[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician +and chemist, Edmund Dickinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20 + +years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published a +work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian Apollo, + +<span class="sidenote">Birth place +of the learned +Edmund +Dickinson</span> + +and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy Scriptures. +In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed Physician to +Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the doctrine of the Transmutation +of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of which is to prove, +"that the method and mode of the creation of the universe, (according to +the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly and concisely laid down by +Moses." He died in 1707.</p> + + + +<p>[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the +founder of the noble House of Craven, who by his industry and good + + +<span class="sidenote">House of +Craven.</span> + + +conduct arose from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of +London—a proof of the advantages attendant on industry.</p> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arborfield[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wokingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Swallowfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Arbury</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>280</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Arclid</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>79</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arden</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Stokesley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Kirkby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>227</td><td align='right'>130</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ardingley[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Cuckfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>E. Grinstead</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Crawley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ardington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>East Ilsley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>404</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ardleigh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester </td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dedham</td><td align='right'>2 </td><td align='right'>56 </td><td align='right'>1545</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ardley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Middleton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Aynhoe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>170</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ardsley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>1029</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ardsley,[C] East & West</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>2303</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the +church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the +Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of +the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family + +<span class="sidenote">Molly Mogg.</span> + +was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly +Mogg.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, October 5, cattle.</p></div> + +<p>[B] ARDINGLEY. In the parish church are several monuments of the +ancient families of the Wakehursts and Culpeppers; one of which is a +tomb to the memory of Nicholas Culpepper and his lady, who died in the +beginning of the sixteenth century. This monument bears his portraiture +with that of his wife and eighteen children. Nicholas Culpepper, the celebrated + + +<span class="sidenote">Culpepper, +the herbalist +and astrologer.</span> + + +herbalist and astrologer, was born in London in 1616, and after +receiving his education at the university of Cambridge, was apprenticed to +an apothecary. He came to London and settled in Spitalfields about 1642. +He commenced a war with the College of Physicians, by accusing them of +deceit and ignorance, and published a translation of their "Dispensary," +giving an account of the supposed virtues of each drug, and the complaints +in which they were used. He was also author of the "Herbal," which +is written with much clearness, and distinctly explained. It passed +through many editions. From the tenor of his writings, it may be gathered +that he joined or at least favoured the Jesuits.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, May 30, Pedlary.</p></div> + + +<p> + +[C] ARDSLEY. The birth place of James Nayler, a Quaker, who was + + +remarkable both on account of the extravagance of the delusions which for + +<span class="sidenote">J. Nayler, +the Quaker, +a remarkable +fanatic;</span> + +some time possessed him and his followers, and the excessive severity of +the punishment which was inflicted upon him. He was the son of an +industrious little farmer, who supported his family by the cultivation of +his own estate. About the age of twenty-two he married, and removed +into the parish of Wakefield, where he continued till the breaking out +of the civil wars in 1641. He then entered into the parliament army, +and served as a soldier eight or nine years, at first under Lord Fairfax, and + + +<span class="sidenote">becomes a +soldier.</span> + + +afterwards as quarter-master in major-general Lambert's troop in Scotland; +till, being disabled by sickness, he returned home about the year +1649. At this time he was a member of the Independent party, and continued +so till the year 1651, when the preaching of George Fox made him +a convert to the communion of the Quakers, as they are called. Among +them he soon commenced preacher, and, according to their judgment, acquitted +himself well both in speaking and writing.</p> + +<p>In the beginning of the following year he imagined he heard a voice, +calling upon him to renounce his kindred and his father's house, and go +into the west, promising that God would be with him. In obedience to +this voice, which he believed to be the voice of God, he went about preaching +from place to place, and greatly increased the numbers of the new sect. +Towards the close of the year 1654, or early in 1655, he came to London, +where he found a meeting of Friends which had been established by +Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill, among whom he so greatly distinguished +himself by his preaching, that many drew invidious comparisons +between him and his brethren, which created uneasiness and differences in +the society. To such a length did these proceed, that some women, admirers +of Nayler, assumed the liberty of interrupting and disputing with +Howgill and Burrough in the midst of their preachings, and thus disturbed +the peace of the meetings. For this conduct they were reproved by these +preachers; upon which they complained so loudly and passionately to +Nayler, that he was weak enough to take their part, and was so intoxicated +with their flattering praises, that he became estranged from his best +friends, who strongly disapproved of and lamented his conduct. In the +year 1658 we find him in Devonshire, where he was committed to Exeter + + +<span class="sidenote">Committed +to Exeter +Jail for +blasphemy.</span> + + +jail for propagating his opinions. Here he received letters from some of +his female admirers and others, written in the most extravagant strains, +calling him the everlasting Son of righteous—the Prince of peace—the +only begotten Son of God—the fairest among ten thousand, &c., and some +of his followers kneeled before him in the prison, and kissed his feet. It +is but justice, however, to the Quakers in general to mention, that they +had now disowned Nayler and his adherents.</p> + +<p>Soon afterwards Nayler was released from imprisonment, and intended +to return to London, but, taking Bristol in his way, as he passed through +Glastonbury and Wells, his deluded attendants strewed their garments +before him. When they came to Bedminster, about a mile from Bristol, + + +<span class="sidenote">Extravagant +conduct of +his admirers.</span> + + +they carried their extravagance to the highest pitch; for they formed a +procession in imitation of our Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem, in which +a man walked bare-headed before Nayler, and a woman led his horse, +while other women spread their scarfs and hankerchiefs in the road, and +the company sung, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God of hosts; Hosanna +in the highest! holy, holy is the Lord God of Israel!" In this manner +these mad people made their entrance into Bristol, marching through +the mire and dirt, to the amazement of some, and the diversion of others; +but the magistrates thought proper to interfere, and, after what had passed, +committed them to prison. Soon afterwards they were sent to London +and a committee was appointed by parliament to examine witnesses against +Nayler, upon a charge of blasphemy, for admitting religious worship to be +paid ti him, and for assuming the names and incommunicable titles +and attributes of our blessed Saviour. Before the committee, he did not +deny what was alleged concerning the extraordinary proceeding in Exeter +jail, and at his entrance into Bristol; while defending himself by maintaining +that the honours which he received were not shown to him, but to +Christ who dwelt within him; and if they were offered to any other than +to Christ, he disowned them.</p> + +<p>However, the committee having made a report to the house on the fifth +of December, declaring the charge well founded, on the following day he +was sent for, and heard at the bar; and on the eighth they resolved that +"James Nayler is guilty of horrid blasphemy, and that he is a grand impostor, + + +<span class="sidenote">Condemned +by the House +of Commons +for blasphemy.</span> + + +and a great seducer of the people." The next business to be determined +on was, the nature of the punishment to be inflicted on him; which +occupied the debate of the house, both on forenoons and afternoons, till +the 16th of December, many members being for putting him to death, +(and losing their vote, as secretary Thurloe informs us, only by fourteen +voices,) while many other members totally disapproved of the severity +which was used against him. At length, on the following day, after a +considerable debate, the majority came to the resolution, "That James +Nayler be set in the pillory, in the Palace-yard, Westminster, during the +space of two hours, on Thursday next; and be whipt by the hangman +through the streets from Westminster to the Old Exchange, and there likewise +be set with his head in the pillory, for the space of two hours, between +the hours of eleven and one on Saturday next; in each place wearing + + +<span class="sidenote">Cruel sentence—his +tongue bored +with a hot +iron.</span> + + +a paper, containing an inscription of his crimes: And that at the Old +Exchange, his tongue be bored through with a hot iron; and that he +be there also stigmatized in the forehead with the letter B: That he +be afterwards sent to Bristol, and be conveyed into and through the +said city on horseback, with his face backward, and there also publicly +whipt the next market-day after he comes thither: And that from thence +he be committed to prison in Bridewell, London, and there to labour hard +till he be released by parliament; and, during that time, be debarred the +use of pen, ink, and paper, and shall have no relief but what he earns by +his daily labour."</p> + +<p>On the eighteenth of December, the first part of it was carried into +execution with the greatest rigour; but he was brought into a state of +such extreme weakness by his cruel whipping, that, upon repeated applications +to the parliament, his punishment was respited for one week. The + + +<span class="sidenote">His punishment +respited</span> + + +Protector was then addressed, and wrote a letter to the house, which, +though it occasioned some debate, obtained no resolution in favour of the +prisoner. On this the petitioners presented a second address to Cromwell; +but, it is said the influence of the ministers prevented its effect.</p> + +<p>On the twenty-seventh of December, the remainder of Nayler's sentence +was executed at the Old Exchange. Afterwards he was sent to Bristol, +where he was publicly whipt, from the middle of Thomas-street, over the +bridge to Broad-street. From Bristol, he was brought back to Bridewell, +London, where he was confined about two years; during which his mind +recovered from the frenzy which had governed it, and he felt deep humiliation +and sincere repentance on account of his past conduct.</p> + +<p>After the protector's death, Nayler was released from prison, and went +to Bristol, where, in a public meeting, he made a confession of his offence + + +<span class="sidenote">His contrition +and +death.</span> + + +and fall, in a manner so affecting as to draw tears from most of those who +were present, and having afforded satisfactory evidence of his unfeigned +contrition, was again received into the communion of his friends.</p> + +<p>Nayler did not long survive his enlargement, for having left London in +October 1660, with the intention of going home to his wife and children +at Wakefield, he was taken ill in Huntingdonshire, where, it is said, he +was robbed and left bound in a field. Whether he received any personal +injury is not known, but being found towards evening by a countryman, +he was carried to a friend's house, at Holm, near King's Ripon, where he +expired in the month of December, when about 44 years of age. The expressions +uttered by him about two hours before his death, both in justice +to his name, which is so conspicuous in the history of the reveries of the +human imagination, and on account of their own excellence, ought not to +be omitted in the memoirs of his life.</p> + +<p>"There is a spirit which I feel," said he, "that delights to do no evil, +nor to revenge any wrong, but delights to endure all things, in hopes to +enjoy its own in the end. Its hope is to outlive all wrath and contention, +and to weary out all exaltation and cruelty, or whatever is of a nature +contrary to itself. It sees to the end of all temptation: as it bears no evil +in itself, so it conceives none in thoughts to any other. If it be betrayed, +it bears it, for its ground and spring is the mercies and forgiveness of God. +Its crown is meekness, its life is everlasting love unfeigned, and takes its +kingdom with entreaty and not with contention, and keeps it by lowliness +of mind."</p> + +<p>His writings were collected together, and published in an octavo +volume in 1716.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ardwick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>5524</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Areley, Kings</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kiddermin.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>372</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Areley, Upper</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kiddermin.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>735</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Argam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hunmanby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Gt. Driffield</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>29</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arkendale</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Knaresboro'</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Boro'bridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>203</td><td align='right'>260</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arkengarth-Dale[A] </td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>W.R. York </td><td align='left'>Richmond </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='left'>Askrigg </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='right'>245 </td><td align='right'> 1446</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Arkesden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chesterford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Arkholm</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Kirby Lonsd</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>250</td><td align='right'>349</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arksey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>1171</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Arlecdon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Whitehaven</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Workington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Buttermere</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>299</td><td align='right'>475</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Arfey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Arlingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Newnham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Stroudwater</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>744</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ilfracomb</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>S. Molton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>235</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>East Bourne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>727</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Arlsey[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Baldock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Shefford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hitchen</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>689</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Armathwaite[C]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>292</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Armin</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Howde</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>567</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Armingall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Blofield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>88</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Armitage[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Rugeley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Abbots Brom</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>977</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Armley[E]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>5159</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ARKENGARTH-DALE contains lead mines, which were worked +in the reign of King John, and they are still so valuable, that a few years + + +<span class="sidenote">Valuable +lead mines.</span> + + +ago the produce was estimated at 2000 tons annually; the inhabitants are +chiefly miners.</p> + +<p>[B] ARLSEY, or ARSLEY. This village was anciently a market +town. In "Doomsday Book," (a book made by order of William the +Conqueror, in which all the estates of the kingdom were registered;) +its market on Wednesday is recorded, and the tolls valued at 10s. per annum. +A fair was held here so long past as the year 1270; but both the +market and fair have long been disused. An ancient entrenchment near + + +<span class="sidenote">An ancient +entrenchment.</span> + + +the road to Baldock, called Etonbury, was probably the original site of +the castle occupied by the Lords of the Manor. This castle appears to have +a place of considerable strength. Amongst the ancient monuments +in the church is one erected to the memory of Richard Edwards, who is +called on his epitaph, the last Grand Reader of the Temple.</p> + + +<p>[C] ARMATHWAITE. Near this village is a castle, situated on the +of the delightful river Eden, in a deep vale; the building from +its monastic gloom, appears rather to have been calculated for seclusion +than security. The front has been modernized, and is built of hewn stone. +Its antiquity has not been ascertained, certain it is the Skeltons resided +here as early as the reign of Henry VIII. The most romantic and picturesque +scenery surrounds this lovely spot. A magnificent hill throws its +solemn shade on the tranquil surface of the river, here broadened into a +lake like form. Amongst other grand masses of rock is a projecting crag + + +<span class="sidenote">Rendezvous +of wild cats</span> + + +of a bold and grotesque form called the Cat Glent, the rendezvous of many +wild inhabitants of the feline tribe; beyond these is a mill and a few sequestered +cottages. From this spot the river Eden is no longer tranquil, but +rushing down a cataract pours in sonorous violence over a bed of opposing +rock, whose immovable crags whirl the stream into eddies as it passes them +in its fury. Near this place a nunnery was established by William Rufus, + + +<span class="sidenote">Nunnery +founded by +William II.</span> + + +who like other profligates, "trembled amidst his impiety," and was willing +enough to secure a chance of heaven, provided it could be obtained by +any other means than virtuous practice. At the dissolution of Monasteries, +owing to the frequent hostilities between the Scots and English, +their income amounted to only 18 guineas per annum.</p> + + + +<p>[D] ARMITAGE is situated on the river Soar, in the hundred of Offlow, +South, including the hamlet of Handsacre. The entrance to the church is +very curiously built in the Saxon style, and the chapel is separated from +the nave by a handsome arch. The Grand Trunk Canal passes through a + + +<span class="sidenote">A remarkable +tunnel.</span> + + +very noble subterraneous cavern or tunnel, in this parish. The town received +its name from having been the residence of a hermit.</p> + + +<p>[E] ARMLEY. This township is in the parish of St. Patrick, and the +liberty of Leeds. It is situated on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool +Canal, and of the river Aire, on which there are a number of mills +employed in various branches of the clothing trade. An object once of +great antiquarian curiosity, called Giants Hill, which was a Danish fortification, +is now scarcely traceable, in consequence of its having been cut +through to form the Leeds and Liverpool canal.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Armscott</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>130</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Armston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Peterboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Armthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>368</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arncliffe</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>231</td><td align='right'>964</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Arncott</td><td align='right'>vill</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Arne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Wareham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Poole</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Corfe Castle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>171</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Arnesby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>442</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Arnold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Oxton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>4054</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Arreton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ryde</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Niton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>1864</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Arrington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>254</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Great Neston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>91</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Henley in Ar.</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>466</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arthington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Arthingworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rothwell</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>225</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Arthuret[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Gretna Green</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>310</td><td align='right'>2903</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Arundel[C]</td><td align='right'>bo to & pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Worthing.</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>2803</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Arvans, St.</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tintern Abb.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>304</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ARRINGTON. This village was anciently called Ermington. It is +near Lord Hardwicke's Park. At this place, in the year 1721, the skeletons +of sixteen human bodies were found in digging for a water course, + + +<span class="sidenote">Sixteen +skeletons +found here.</span> + + +within two feet of the surface of the ground. Some pieces of iron much +rusted, conjectured to have been pieces of swords were also found. It is +supposed the skeletons were the remains of persons who had been killed in +endeavouring to obtain possession of the pass over the river Cam, during +the civil wars.</p> + + +<p>[B] ARTHURET. This village is situated on a point of land which in +early times was said to have been called Arthur's Head, from whence the +name is derived. In this place was both born and buried, Archibald Armstrong, +Jester to both King James I., and Charles I. By an incident suitable +to his profession, his funeral took place on "All Fools Day," the + + +<span class="sidenote">A merry jester +buried +on "All +Fool's Day."</span> + + +first of April. He was banished the court for speaking too freely of +Archbishop Laud's measure of introducing the Liturgy into Scotland, +which had produced a considerable tumult. On the arrival of the news +of these riots in England, Archy facetiously asked his grace, "Who's the +fool now." The joke was bitterly resented by the prelate, who procured +an order of council to banish him from the court, for speaking disrespectful +words of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This parish is bounded partly by +Solway Frith, and forms part of the debateable lands so celebrated in Scottish +history; these lands and the celebrated Solway Moss, we shall have +occasion to speak further of in the course of the work.</p> + + +<p>[C] ARUNDEL, is situated on the declivity of a hill, on the north bank of +the river Arun, over which there is a bridge. It consists of two principal +streets, one of which runs north and south, and the other westward from the +point of the union. Many of the houses are built in the castellated style. +The church, situated at the north end of the town, originally belonged to +a priory of Benedictines, and is supposed to have been founded soon after +the conquest of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel. It is a handsome +gothic building with transepts, from the centre of which rises a +square tower, with a wooden spire. Some beautiful monuments of + + +<span class="sidenote">Beautiful +monuments +in the +church.</span> + + +the Earls of Arundel may be seen; and one, more magnificent than +the rest, is of alabaster, a calcareous earth, which differs from marble, +in being combined not with carbonic, but with sulphuric acid. This +monument is erected to the memory of Thomas Fitz-Alan, and Beatrice, +his countess, a daughter of John, King of Portugal. The charter by +which the town is governed, was granted by Queen Elizabeth. It formerly +sent two members, but by the Reform Bill, it now sends but one; +the ten pound householders are calculated at 380. The borough comprises +the parish of Arundel and the returning officer is the mayor. Here was +formerly a harbour sufficient to contain vessels of one hundred tons +burthen, but it has suffered great damage by the sea. Great quantities of + + +<span class="sidenote">Quantities +of Sussex +oak shipped +from this +place.</span> + + +timber for ship building, are still shipped from this place, which has but little +trade, yet it is much benefitted in summer by the numerous visitors who +resort to it for sea bathing. Of the castle, which stands on the north-east +side of the town, mention is first made in the will of King Alfred, +who bequeathed it, with the town, to his nephew Adhelm. A popular + + +<span class="sidenote">Tradition +ascribes the +foundation +of the castle +to a giant.</span> + + +tradition ascribes the foundation of it to Beris, "a giant of ancient +times," in confirmation of which opinion a tower is still pointed out, +called Beris Tower. The Conqueror gave it to his kinsman Roger +de Montgomery, whom he also created Earl of Arundel, which title +belonged to three persons of this family, till Robert Bellesme was outlawed +by Henry I. for the assistance he gave to that monarch's brother, +Robert. The castle was then settled on Queen Adeliza, who, after the +death of her royal consort, gave her hand to William de Albini, one of the +most accomplished men of his age. Here the dowager-queen performed +the rites of hospitality towards the Empress Maud, in the attempt of that +princess to ascend the throne. The last male heir of the name of Albini, +died in 1243, when the castle and manor of Arundel fell to his sister, +Isabel, whose husband, John Fitz-Alan, made the castle his residence, and +assumed the title of Earl of Arundel. The fourth in descent from him forfeited +his life and estates, in the attempt to ruin the Despensers, favourites + + +<span class="sidenote">The king +presided at +the execution +of one of +its lords.</span> + + +of Edward II.; but the estates were restored to his son, whose successor, +in the reign of Richard II., being accused of a conspiracy to seize the king, +and put to death the lords of the council, was beheaded; the king presiding +at the execution. His son, Thomas Fitz-Alan, was reinstated by Henry +IV.; but, he dying without issue, in 1415, the castle devolved to his +cousin, Sir John Fitz-Alan, who laid claim to, and obtained the title, on +which an act was passed, that the possession of this castle and honour +conferred the dignity of Earl without creation. The last Fitz-Alan died +in the 22d of Elizabeth, leaving a daughter, who married Thomas Howard, +Duke of Norfolk, thus carrying the earldom and estate into that family, +to whom they still belong.</p> + +<p>Concerning the true period of the foundation of this castle, many conjectures +have been entertained. On account of the bricks inserted in the +walls of the keep, it has been attributed to the Romans; but such a proof + +<span class="sidenote">The great +antiquity of +the castle.</span> + +is not allowed by the best antiquaries. Its pretensions to the era of the +Saxon kings are more explicit. The more ancient parts are the keep or +citadel, and the towers which flank the gateway, and connect the whole +by means of a sally port. The keep stands upon an artificial mound, the +height of which, from the fosse, is one hundred and ten feet on one side, +and eighty on the other. Of its external wall, the height is thirty feet, +supported by projecting ribs or buttresses. It is eight feet thick, with a +wall on the inside, guarded by a parapet as many feet high. The diameter +of the room which is faced with Norman or Caen stone, is sixty-seven feet +by fifty-nine. There are also Roman bricks placed in the herring-bone +fashion, which is observable in most Saxon buildings. In the centre is a +subterraneous room and passage; and in a tower attached to the keep, is a +well three hundred feet deep. The approach is by a time-worn staircase, +and over a narrow pass, commanding the entrance to the building, which +bears the marks of a portcullis. The more ancient one towards the east +still retains a very rich Saxon door-case. In the tower above the present +entrance, was a small chapel or oratory, dedicated to St. George. The + + +<span class="sidenote">The castle +dungeons of +remarkable depth.</span> + + +tower and gateway facing the base court of the castle are apparently co-temporary +with the keep. The other towers are built with flint. The +dungeons are on the right and left of the gateway. They consist of eight +wards, protected by a draw-bridge from the castle moat. The lower wards +are very deep, and partly filled up with rubbish. The foundation walls of +these dungeons are not known, although efforts have been employed to +discover the length and depth of these frightful abodes. The Empress +Maud's apartments are in the tower, above the old gateway. They consist +of three bed-rooms. The Saxon keep may justly be termed the ivy-mantled +tower, for the walls are literally covered with its leaves. The late +Duke of Norfolk was very partial to this retired spot. Here are several +remarkably curious owls, elegant, and extremely large; some of them + + +<span class="sidenote">Remarkable +owls</span> + + +measuring across the wings, from eight to ten feet. Their plumage is particularly +beautiful, and their eyes brilliant. The late duke purchased them +from North America. There are many traces of ancient remains about +the keep or tower. The spot where the boilers stood, for the purpose of +melting the lead to pour down upon the besiegers, and those used for +culinary purposes, are still visible. The marks of cannon balls discharged +against the tower during the siege of the parliamentary forces, are observable +in many places. The ground plan of the present castle nearly +resembles that of Windsor Castle, in the exact proportion of nine to fourteen. +When the late Duke of Norfolk took possession, the castle was +little better than a heap of ruins, but his Grace has restored it to its +original magnificence. The building is of free-stone, from the quarries in +Yorkshire; and those of a brown cast were carefully selected, in order that +they might assimilate in colour with the old remains. The new walls have + + +<span class="sidenote">The late +Duke of +Norfolk restored +the castle to its +ancient +magnificence.</span> + + +risen upon the ancient model, and correspond with the old ones in solidity +of fabric, as well as dignity of ornament. An entire new front of massy +stone, which differs materially from the others, particularly in exhibiting +the insignia of the Howards, mixed with those of their predecessors, and +two colossal figures of liberty and hospitality, ornament the grand entrance. +In raising this front, the late duke had the opportunity of enlarging +the mansion, and gaining the space now occupied on the basement +story, by a long range of servants' offices, including a new kitchen, with +two fire places, bake-house, scullery, the steward's and housekeeper's +rooms, &c. The cellars are of immense length. The duke weekly +employed from 100 to 200 labourers, mechanics, and artists, in the improvement +and decorations of this noble edifice, for upwards of twenty-five + + +<span class="sidenote">Employed +from 100 to +200 labourers +for 25 +years.</span> + + +years. The arrangements were formed entirely from his own ideas, and +in the progress of the plan, he was exclusively his own architect. On the +west wing is a beautiful sculptured basso relievo historical representation +of King Alfred receiving the report of the jury, as established in his reign. +The costume and draperies are finely carved in stone. The interior of the +castle is fitted up with great taste and effect. The richest mahogany has +been used in almost every decoration. The walls being more than six feet +thick, form a kind of frame for each window, which is five feet deep on the +inside, and the whole of this spacious case is lined with mahogany. The +window frames which hold the magnificent plate glass panes, three feet +each in height, are of the same material; and the solid mahogany doors +are held in cases of the thickness of the inner walls, perhaps, four feet +deep, all lined with pannels of the richest grain.</p> + + + +<p>In the Barons room the following inscription appears:—</p> + +<p class='center'> +"CHARLES HOWARD, DUKE OF NORFOLK, +<br /> +EARL OF ARUNDEL, +<br /> +in the year of Christ, 1806,<br /> +in the 60th year of his age,<br /> +dedicated this stone<br /> +To Liberty, asserted by the Barons,<br /> +in the reign of John." +</p> + +<p>On the 15th of June, 1815, a great festival took place for celebrating the +centenary of the signing of Magna Charta. There was a splendid assemblage +of the nobility and persons of distinction. Complete suits of ancient + + +<span class="sidenote">Festival to +celebrate +the signing +of Magna +Charter +held here.</span> + + +armour, with swords and spears, forged in ancient times, and for very +different purposes, were either suspended from, or hung around the walls; +and every adventitious aid was adopted to give state and majesty to this +celebration of the magnanimous conduct of the Barons of England. Nearly +three hundred distinguished guests sat down. The head of the table was +ornamented with a noble baron of beef, surmounted by the ducal coronet, +and the banners of the illustrious house of Norfolk.</p> + +<p>The castle occupies a mile in circumference, and the beautiful domains +which surround this magnificent structure, are more than seven miles and + + +<span class="sidenote">The times +when the +castle may +be inspected +by visitors.</span> + + +a half in circumference, enclosed with a strong fence railing. The grounds +are well laid out, in gardens, shrubberies, and plantations. There are +three agreeable towers in the park; High Horn, commanding an extensive +prospect; and Mount Pleasant, covered with ivy, overlooking +the beautiful vale of Sussex. The late duke built another tower, facing +the road to Petworth, called the White Ways. The castle is open to the +inspection of visitors on the first Sunday in the month after divine service, +and on every Monday in the year.</p> + +<p>When the buildings on the Norfolk estate adjoining the Strand, London, +were erected, it was legally settled, that the whole of the rents, should be expended + + +<span class="sidenote">Estates in +London devoted +to keep it in +repair.</span> + + +for the sole purpose of keeping up Arundel Castle; this has always +been acted upon. The original rents having long since fallen in—and the increased +income that has been produced by that cause, joined to the general +increase of rents in that quarter, has been so great, that it now requires +very great ingenuity to contrive the means of laying out all that money +according to the directions of the original entail; and this is the real cause +of the magnificent style in which that ancient baronial castle is still supported. +The estate thus mentioned, comprises the whole of Surrey-street, +Arundel-street, Howard-street, and Norfolk-street, which are the entire +property of the Norfolk family.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 7.40. A.M., departs 5.30. P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, +May 14, cattle and hogs; August 21, hogs, cattle, and sheep; September 25, cattle and sheep; +December 17, cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday in every month for cattle.—<i>Bankers</i>, Henty +and Co., draw on Lubbock and Co.; Hopkins and Co., draw on Williams and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, +Crown, and Norfolk Arms.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Asaph, St.[A]</td><td align='right'>city & pa</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Holywell</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abergeley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>3144</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Asby[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Westmor</td><td align='left'>Appleby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Brough</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>273</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ascote</td><td align='right'>ex. pa. ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Southam</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>12</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ST. ASAPH. This city is seated on the decline of a pleasant eminence, +between the rivers Clwyd and Elwy, which renders the first appearance +striking, though it contains little more than one street. The church stands +in the lower part of the town, and serves for the use of the parishioners, +the cathedral not being used for parochial purposes; the latter was built +about the close of the fifteenth century; it consists of a choir, a nave, two +aisles, and a transept. During the protectorship of Cromwell the palace +and cathedral were much injured by the post-master, who made great havoc + + +<span class="sidenote">The font of +the cathedral +used for +watering +horses.</span> + + +in the choir of the cathedral, using the font as a trough for watering his +horses; and by way of venting his spleen on the clergy, tied up calves in +the bishop's throne. Several very eminent men have been bishops of +St. Asaph, including Dr. Isaac Barrow, William Beveridge, and Samuel +Horsley, the former of whom founded an alms-house for eight poor widows. +Bishop Hughes, who died 1600, founded, and endowed the Free Grammar +School. The neighbourhood possesses several land proprietors who have +given great encouragement to agriculture, amongst whom may be included +Dean Shipley, who stimulated the practical farmers to emulation, by premiums, +and other encouragement. To this spirited dignitary, so well +known in the history of the law of libel, a very handsome monument has +been erected in the cathedral.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Tuesday, July 15, October 16, December 26, for cattle.—<i>Inn</i>, +White Lion.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] ASBY, once called Askeby. This parish consists of four manors. The +church is ancient, its beauty has been much disfigured by repairs; it +has even been diminished in size, as appears by an arch now filled up in +the north wall. At Sayle Bottom are several tumuli—some circular, +others rectangular. At Garthorne Hall, a tumulus was found to contain +human bones and a large sword, and another containing three entire +skulls. Pate Hole, in this parish, is a remarkable cavern in a limestone rock, + + +<span class="sidenote">Pate Hole, +an immense +cavern.</span> + + +consisting of two galleries, one 430 yards long, towards the north east, +the other, 230 yards long, making a large sweep from the extremity +of the first to its middle; together, they resemble the letter P. At the +end of the first gallery is a lofty dome, and a pool 20 yards long, 6 broad, +and 3 deep; and in the second are two perpendicular chasms of unknown +extent, from whence proceed in rainy seasons torrents of water, which +fill the cavern and discharge themselves from its entrance. The noise of +these operations resemble at first gentle music, but increases to the pitch +of the loudest. In one part is a petrifying spring, which always stands +at one temperature.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ascott</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>L. Compton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ascott</td><td align='right'>ham & chap</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bensington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ascott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>419</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Asgarby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tattershall</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Falkingham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>146</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Asgarby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tattershall</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>57</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burton-on-T.</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ramsgate</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>2416</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Farmingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Gravesend</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>586</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bagshot</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>2001</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ash, or Ashe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>114</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashe[A]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Colyton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Lyme</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Axminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ASHE is situated in Musbury parish, which lies in the hundred of Axminster, +two miles east by north from Colyton. It is the birth place of +the celebrated John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: this distinguished + + +<span class="sidenote">The birth-place +of the +celebrated +Duke of +Marlboro'.</span> + + +erson was born here in the year 1650. He received only an indifferent +education, for his father took him to court at the age of twelve years, when +he became page, as his sister, Arabella, became mistress to the Duke of +York. In 1660, he obtained a pair of colours in the Guards. His first +service was at the siege of Tangier, and, on his return from thence, he +became the favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland, who gave him £5,000 +with which he purchased an annuity for life. He afterwards served under +the great Turenne, who was so pleased with his person and bravery as to +call him the handsome Englishman. At the siege of Maestricht he so distinguished +himself, that the King of France publicly thanked him. On his +return he was made lieutenant-colonel, gentleman of the bedchamber, and +master of the robes to the Duke of York, whom he attended to Holland +and Scotland; and about this time married Miss Jennings, maid of honour +to the Princess, afterwards Queen Anne. In 1682, he was shipwrecked +with the Duke of York, in their passage to Scotland, on which occasion +his royal highness expressed the greatest anxiety to save his favourite. +The same year he was made a peer, by the title of Baron Eymouth, in +Scotland; and when James came to the crown, he was sent to France to +notify the event. In 1685, he was created Lord Churchill, of Sandridge. +The same year he suppressed Monmouth's rebellion, and took him prisoner. + + +<span class="sidenote">He took +Monmouth +prisoner in +the reign of +James II.</span> + + +He continued to serve James with great fidelity, till the arrival of the +Prince of Orange, and then left him, for which he has been stigmatized, +and perhaps not unjustly, with base ingratitude. His own apology was a +regard for the religion and constitution of his country. He was created +Earl of Marlborough by King William in 1689, and appointed commander +of the English army in the low countries. He next served in Ireland, and +reduced Cork, with other strong places. In 1692, he was suddenly dismissed +from his employments, and committed to the Tower: he was, however, +very soon released, but the cause of this disgrace was never clearly +explained. After the death of Queen Mary he was restored to favour; +and at the close of that reign he had the command of the English forces in +Holland, and the States chose him captain-general of their forces. On the +commencement of the reign of Anne, he recommended a war with France, +and his advice was adopted. In the first campaign of 1702, he took a +number of strong towns, particularly Liege. In the following year he + + +<span class="sidenote">Created a +Duke by +Queen Anne.</span> + + +was created a Duke. In 1704, he joined Prince Eugene, in conjunction +with whom he conquered the French at Hochstedt, took Marshal Tallard +prisoner, and brought him to England, with 26 other officers of rank, +121 standards, and 179 colours. He then received the grant of the manor +of Woodstock. In 1706, he fought the famous battle of Ramilies. This +battle accelerated the fall of Louvain, Brussels, and other important places. +He arrived in England, and received fresh honours from the Queen and Parliament. + + +<span class="sidenote">Blenheim +house built +for him.</span> + + +Blenheim house was ordered to be built, and a pension of £5,000. +a year was awarded him. In 1709, he defeated Marshal Villars at Malplaquet. +In the year 1711, he returned to England with additional laurels, +but was soon after dismissed from his employments. To add to this unjust +treatment, a prosecution was commenced against him for applying the +public money to his private purposes. Indignant at such conduct, he went +into voluntary banishment till 1714, when he landed at Dover, amidst the +acclamations of the people. George I. restored him to his military employments, +but he retired from his appointments to Windsor, and died in 1722. +His remains were interred with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. His + + +<span class="sidenote">Died in the +8th year of +the reign of +Geo. I.</span> + + +Duchess outlived him several years. She was a woman of a strong mind, +but overbearing passions. Her letters have been printed, and display +uncommon sagacity, blended with a great share of vanity. The mansion +house in which the Duke was born, now in a state of ruin, was rebuilt +shortly after the civil wars, by Sir John Drake, whose daughter had +married Sir Winston Churchill.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, April 6, and Oct. 11, for pedlary.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ashamstead</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>East Ilsley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Streatley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>346</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ashamstead</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Gt. Marlow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>H. Wycombe</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ash Bocking</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>234</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>4756</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashbrittle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wiveliscombe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dulverton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>254</td><td align='right'>635</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ASHBOURN is very pleasantly situated in a rich valley on the +eastern side of the Dove, over which is a stone bridge. It is divided into +two parts by a rivulet, which is called Henmore, the southern part of +which is termed Compton, the ancient Campdene. From the descent of +the hill on the Derby road, the view of the place as it presents itself embosomed +amongst the hills is beautifully picturesque. It is a neat town, but +there is nothing remarkable in its buildings. At the time of the conquest +it was a royal manor, and subsequently became a part of the Duchy of + + +<span class="sidenote">A royal +manor of the +Saxon Kings made +part of the +Duchy of +Lancaster.</span> + + +Lancaster, until it was sold by Charles I. It is supposed that the church, +which is dedicated to St. Oswald, was finished in the thirteenth century; +in it are many monuments to the Cockaines, Bradburns, and Boothby's, +successively possessors of the manors. Sir Thomas Cockaine and other +natives, founded a Free Grammar School, in the reign of Elizabeth, for +children of the town and neighbourhood, and also a second for the poorer +class of children of both sexes. Here are also a chapel and a neat row of +alms-houses, founded in 1800 by a native named Cooper, who made a +fortune in London, for six poor men and women, and several other hospitals +for decayed house-keepers, including one for the maintenance of +four clergymen's widows. A very considerable trade is carried on here in +cheese and malt, many horses and cattle are sold at its fairs. Much lace +is made here, and a great many persons are employed in the iron and +cotton factories in the neighbourhood. The romantic and beautiful glen +of Dovedale is within a short distance. This town is one of the polling +places for the southern division of the county.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—Mail arrives 11 A.M., departs 2¾ P.M.—<i>Fairs</i>, first Tuesday in January, +and Feb. 13, for horses and horned cattle, April 3, May 21, and July 5, for horses, horned cattle, +and wool. August 16, October 20, and November 29, for horses, and horned cattle; the fairs +for horses begin two or three days before the fair-day.—<i>Inns</i>, Blackmoor's Head and Green +Man.—<i>Bankers</i>, Arkwright and Co.; drawn on Smith, Payne, and Co.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ashburnham[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Battle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>East Bourne </td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>55 </td><td align='right'> 721</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashburton[B]</td><td align='right'>bo. m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Torquay</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>4165</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ashbury</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Lambourn</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Highworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>698</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Launceston</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>74</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Gt. Grimsby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>179</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Burgh</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wainfleet</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>170</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Navenby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>178</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>378</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>42</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashby, Cold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>385</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby-de-la-Zouch [C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>M Bosworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>4727</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] ASHBURNHAM is in the hundred of Foxearle, and rape of Hastings. +This village gives the name and title of Earl to the representatives of the +ancient family of Ashburnham, who possessed this manor before the conquest. +The shirt and white silk drawers in which Charles I. was executed, + + +<span class="sidenote">Bequests of +Charles I. +made on the +scaffold.</span> + + +on the 30th of January, 1649, and also the watch which he gave +to Mr. John Ashburnham, on the scaffold, are still preserved in the church, +having been bequeathed by one of his descendants to the clerk of this +parish for ever, and are exhibited as great curiosities.</p> + + + +<p>[B] ASHBURTON is situated in a valley encompassed by hills; it is about +a mile from the river Dart, and consists principally of one long street, +through which runs the high road from London to Plymouth. The houses +are neat, and most of them covered with slate, of which there is abundance +in the vicinity. The manor belonged to the crown in the reign of James I., +but it has since passed through various private hands. The town, which +is governed by a portreeve, chosen at the court leet and baron of the +manor, is a borough by prescription, (that is to say, a custom continued +until it has the force of law;) and was constituted one of the four stannary + + +<span class="sidenote">One of the +four stannary +towns of the +county.</span> + + +towns of Devon, by a charter of Edward I., in the twenty-sixth year of +whose reign it sent two members to Parliament, but only returned members +once subsequently until 1640, in which year its privilege was +restored: by the late reform bill, it now returns but one member; the +electors on the old constituency were 101, and £10 householders 342. +The portreeve is the returning-officer. The borough comprises the parish +of Ashburton.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, first Thursday in March; first Thursday in June; August 10; +November 11, for horned cattle.—<i>Inns</i>, London and Golden Lion.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 5 P.M., +departs 9¾ A.M.</p></div> + + + +<p>[C] ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH is situated in a fertile valley on the borders +of Derbyshire, through which runs the small river Gilwiskaw. Its distinctive +appellation is derived from the ancient family of the Zouches, who +came into possession of the manor in the reign of Henry III. It afterwards + + +<span class="sidenote">An ancient +family gave +their name +to the town.</span> + + +devolved to the crown, by which it was granted to the noble family +of Hastings, in right of whom the Marquis of that title still possesses it. +The town is chiefly comprised in one street, from which branches several +smaller ones. The church is a handsome ancient edifice, built of stone, +consisting of a nave and two aisles, separated by four lofty arches, springing +from fluted pillars. Here are also places of worship for the Calvinistic +and Wesleyan Methodists, Presbyterians, and others. A free +grammar school was founded in this town by Henry Earl of Huntingdon, +in 1567; and another free school for 26 boys, by Isaac Dawson, in 1669. +The manufactures established here are chiefly those of cotton and woollen +stockings, and hats. There is also a good trade in malt, and the fairs are celebrated +for the sale of fine horses and cattle. The mansion at Ashby was + + +<span class="sidenote">A noble +mansion +constructed +out of the +ruins of Ashby +Castle.</span> + + +remarkable for its magnitude and strength, and continued for 200 years +the residence of the family of Sir William Hastings, knt., a particular +favourite of Edward IV., who was elevated by that monarch to several +offices of high trust and dignity. It stood on a rising ground, at the +south end of the town, and was composed of brick and stone from the ruins +of Ashby Castle.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Shrove-Monday, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday, last Monday in +September, November 10, for horses, cows, and sheep.—<i>Bankers</i>, Fishers and Co.; draw upon +Hoare, Barnet, and Co.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.30 morning; departs 4.0 afternoon.—<i>Inns</i>, Queen's +Head, and White Hart.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby Folville</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton Mow.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>391</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby Magna</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>330</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby Parva</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>169</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby Puerorum[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashby St. Ledger[B] </td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp </td><td align='left'>Daventry </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Northamp </td><td align='right'>14 </td><td align='left'>Welford</td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'> 76 </td><td align='right'> 257</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ASHBY PUERORUM. In the year 1804, a Roman sepulchre was +discovered near this place, by a labourer who was cutting a ditch. It consisted +of a stone chest, which laid 3 feet below the surface of the earth; the lid +fitted nearly to the sides, hanging a little over the edge, so that when it was +removed; no dirt of any kind was found to have gained admittance during +a period of nearly two thousand years. The chest was formed of free stone, +of a kind found in abundance on Lincoln Heath. The urn was of strong glass + + +<span class="sidenote">A very ancient +urn of +green glass +found here.</span> + + +well manufactured, and of a greenish colour. The glass was as perfect and +the surface as smooth as if just taken out of the fire. This receptacle of +the ashes was nearly filled with small pieces of bone, many of which, from +the effect of ignition, were white throughout the whole substance. Among +the fragments was discovered a small lacrymatory, which had been broken, +from the curiosity of the person who discovered it, to ascertain whether it +contained any thing of value.</p> + + +<p>[B] ASHBY ST. LEDGER is situated near a rivulet that flows into the river +Nen. The additional name of St. Ledger is borrowed from the patron +saint to whom the church is dedicated. This structure consists of a nave +and aisles, with a tower and spire. At the upper end of the north aisle are +still remaining the steps which led to the rude loft between the chancel +and the nave. Here are three piscinas for holy water. Several ancient +monumental inscriptions may be seen in the chancel. On an altar +tomb within the communion rails, are the recumbent figures of a +man and woman, with an inscription in black letter, commemorative of + + +<span class="sidenote">An ancient +monument of the Catesby +family.</span> + + +William Catesby and Margaret his wife, bearing date 1493. Catesby was +one of the three families who ruled the nation under Richard's usurpation, +and constituted the triumvirate which is alluded to in the old distich:—</p> + +<p class='center'> +The rat, and the cat, and Lovel the dog,<br /> +Do govern all England under the hog. +</p> + +<p>The rat was Richard Ratcliff, the cat William Catesby, the dog Lord Lovel, +and the hog for Richard, it being then the regal crest. William Catesby +became a distinguished character; he was made esquire of the King's +body; Chancellor of the Marshes for life; and one of the Chamberlains of +the Exchequer. Being taken prisoner at the battle of Bosworth field, + + +<span class="sidenote">Catesby +taken prisoner +at Bosworth +field.</span> + + +while fighting by his patron's side, he was conducted to Leicester, and +beheaded as a traitor. At the eastern end of both aisles, are two places, +formerly appropriated as places of sepulture for the two great Lords of +Ashby. One of these belonged to the Catesby family; but most of the +inscriptions are effaced. The manorial house of Ashby is a good old +family mansion, occupied by the widow of the late John Ashby, Esq. A +small room in the detached offices belonging to the house is still shown as +having been the council-chamber, where the gunpowder-plot conspirators + + +<span class="sidenote">The gunpowder +plot +conspirators +met here.</span> + +held their deliberations. Robert Catesby, one of the descendants of the +family, was at the head of this conspiracy, for which he was tried, condemned, +and executed; and his head, together with that of his father-in-law, +Thomas Percie, who was involved in his guilt, were fixed on the top of +the Parliament-house.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>391</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ashchurch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Winchcombe</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>649</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashcombe[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Chudleigh</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Teignmouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>320</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashcott</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>129</td><td align='right'>834</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashdon or Ashingdon</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Haverhill </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Linton </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>45 </td><td align='right'>1103</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Asheldam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Bradwell</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ashelworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newent</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>540</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashen</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Clare</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>373</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashenden[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>368</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ashfield Great[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Botesdale</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>408</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ashfield-cum-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>375</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashford[D]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tideswell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Buxton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>782</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ASHCOMBE is a parish in the hundred of Exminster. Here is a +mansion of Lord Arundel's, situated in a large amphitheatre of hills, richly +wooded at their base, and at their summit often studded with herds of +sheep or deer. The only entrance to this romantic dale is from the north, +by a road, which though perfectly safe, falls precipitately down a narrow +ridge of one of the hills.</p> + + +<p>[B] ASHENDEN. This manor has been from time immemorial in the +Grenville family. John Bucktot, a priest, gave the manor of Little Pollicott, +to Lincoln College, in Oxford, about 1479; and what renders it +particularly remarkable, is the circumstance of the manor house being used + + +<span class="sidenote">A retiring +place for +collegians in +the time of +the plague.</span> + + +as a retiring place for the members of the college at the time of the plague. +In Ashenden Church, is an ancient figure of a crusader, under an arch, +rudely ornamented with foliage; which according to tradition, is the tomb +of John Bucktot; this appears however to be erroneous, as it is evidently +the tomb of a layman, and from the chevron on the shield, one of +the Stafford family, anciently lords of Great Pollicott.</p> + + +<p>[C] ASHFIELD. This obscure village gave birth to the celebrated Lord +Chancellor Thurlow, and his brother, the late Bishop of Durham; they + + +<span class="sidenote">The birth-place +of Lord Chancellor +Thurlow.</span> + + +were the sons of the vicar, under whose auspices they were educated. On +leaving the university, the former entered himself of the Inner Temple, +but did not distinguish himself at the bar, until his abilities were employed +upon the Douglas case; after which he became successively Solicitor-General, +Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor. He was elevated +to the peerage by the title of Baron Thurlow, of Ashfield. In 1786, he +was made Teller of the Exchequer, and created Baron Thurlow, of Thurlow: +he retired in 1793, and died at Brighton in 1806. He was succeeded +in the peerage by his nephew, the son of his brother, the Bishop of Durham. +He was never married, but he left three illegitimate daughters, to +two of whom he bequeathed large property; the other having offended him +by an imprudent marriage, he left her only a small annuity.</p> + + +<p>[D] ASHFORD. This village is frequently called Ashford in the water, +from the lowness of its situation. It is seated on the banks of the river +Wye. The only remains of the residence of the Plantagenets of Woodstock +(who had a castle here) is a moat, half filled with rubbish. Sir +William Cavendish, the favourite of Cardinal Wolsey, purchased this +estate of the Earl of Westmoreland; and the Duke of Devonshire, a descendant +of that family, still continues the proprietor. The works in this + + +<span class="sidenote">Extensive +works for +sawing and +polishing +marble.</span> + + +village for sawing and polishing marble, were the first ever established in +England. They were originally constructed by Mr. Henry Watson, of +Bakewell, about 80 years since, but though he obtained a patent, to secure +the gain arising from this invention, the advantages were unequal to his +expectations. Mr. John Platt, architect, of Rotherham, in Yorkshire, +rented the quarries of black and grey marble, the only ones of the kind +now worked in Derbyshire. The sweeping mill, as it is called, from its +circular motion, will level a floor of eighty superficial feet of marble slabs +at one time.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ilfracomb</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Marwood</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ashford[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Folkestone</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>2809</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Ashford[B]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Staines</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedfont</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sunbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>458</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Ashford Bowdler</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Ashford Carbonel</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashfordby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton Mow.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Loughbro'</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>467</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Ash-holm</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aldstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>279</td><td align='right'>122</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>700</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashill[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chard</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>403</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashingdon[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>98</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ASHFORD is situated about twelve miles from the sea, on an eminence +rising from the northern bank of the small river Stour, and on the +high road between Hythe and Maidstone. The town, which is a liberty +of itself, originated from the ruins of Great Chart, an ancient market town, + + +<span class="sidenote">Origin of +the town of +Ashford.</span> + + +which gave name to the hundred, and was destroyed in the Danish wars. +It was then called Asscheford, and, in some early documents, Estefort +and Enetesford, from the ford over the river Stour; the ancient name of +which was Esshe or Eschet. It is pleasantly situated near the confluence +of the upper branches of the river Stour, over one of which there is a bridge. +The manor received the privilege of a market so early as Edward I. +The town is governed by a mayor, and possesses a court of record for the +recovery of debts, not exceeding twenty marks. The church is a spacious +and handsome fabric, consisting of a nave, aisles, and three chancels, with +a lofty and well-proportioned tower. There are several ancient monuments, +especially one of a Countess of Athol, who died in 1365, whose +effigy exhibits the female costume of that age, in a very remarkable manner. + + +<span class="sidenote">The college +made into a +parsonage +house:</span> + + +The ancient college, founded by Sir John Fogge owner of the manor, +in the reign of Edward IV., was dissolved in that of Henry VII., +and the house given to the vicar for a residence. It still exists, although +latterly much modernised. Here is a Free Grammar School, founded by +Sir Norton Knatchbull, in the reign of Charles I., and various minor charities. +The inhabitants of this town and its vicinity are much engaged in +the rearing and fattening of cattle, for the sale of which its markets and +fairs are much celebrated.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> Saturday. A stock market held on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in every month.—<i>Fairs</i> +May 17, and August 2, for wool; September 9, October 12, and 24, for horses, cattle and pedlary.—<i>Inns</i>, +George, Royal Oak, and Saracen's Head.—<i>Bankers</i>, G. and W. Jemmett, draw +on Esdaile and Co.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.15 afternoon.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ASHFORD. This place was originally called Exeford, from its ford +over the river Exe; the village is now but of little importance. It lies in +that level part of the county, formerly occupied by Hounslow Heath, the + + +<span class="sidenote">Hounslow +Heath.</span> + + +terror of the western traveller, from the numerous robberies committed on +its highways. Ashford Common was selected for military reviews; it has +however, for some years been inclosed, and the review ground is now near +Hounslow. The chapel is a plain brick building, possessing no claims on +the attention of the antiquary; it was erected in 1796 by voluntary contribution.</p> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[C] ASHILL.—<i>Fairs</i>, April 9, and September 10.</p></div> + + +<p>[D] ASHINGDON. This place is memorable in the early periods of our +history. "Nothing is more surprising," observes Gough, in his Additions +to Camden, "than the errors all antiquaries have hitherto lain under +with respect to the scene of the battle between Edmund Ironside and the + + +<span class="sidenote">The site of +an engagement +between Edm. +Ironside and +the Danes.</span> + + +Danes." Though they had the authority of Mr. Camden against them, +they have caried it quite across the county to the northern extremity and +as far from the sea as possible, in defiance of every circumstance that +could fix it there. In a marsh in Woodham Mortimer parish, on the river +Burnham or Crouch, are twenty-four barrows grouped in pairs, and most +of them surrounded by a ditch, supposed to be the burial places of the +Danes, who probably landed at Bradwell, a village near the mouth of the +Blackwater River, fourteen miles distant.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Ashington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northump</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ulgham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>57</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>74</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ashington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Horsham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>285</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>379</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rothwell</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>304</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Stockbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Romsey</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>93</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>825</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kemble</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashley-Green</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Chesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Berkhamp</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashley-cum-Silvery,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Mildenhall</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>361</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashley-Hay</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Belper</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Turnditch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>241</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashmanhaugh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Worsted</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>154</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ashmansworth</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>222</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ashmore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cranborne</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>191</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Asholt, or Aisholt</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>228</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashover[B]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Alfreton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Matlock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>3179</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ashow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>176</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Ashperton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>398</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashprington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brixham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dartmouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>549</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ash-Priors</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>201</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashreigney</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Chumleigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>1038</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashridge[C]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Chesham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Berkhamp</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ASHLEY, was formerly distinguished by a fair and market, it is now +remarkable only for a large mansion, which was once the seat of the +Georges. The church, an ancient building, with a square embattled tower, +is principally interesting for its arches; some of which are round, and +others pointed, resting on slender clustered pillars, with massy capitals of +foliage. The font is large, round, and very rude in its workmanship.</p> + + +<p>[B] ASHOVER. This village is of great antiquity, being mentioned in the +Doomsday Book, as having a church and a priest. In the church is an +ancient font, supposed to be Saxon; the base is of stone; the lower part +is of an hexagonal form; the upper part circular, surrounded with twenty +figures, in devotional attitudes, embossed in lead, in ornamental niches. +There are also some ancient monuments of the Babington family, who +were for a long time seated at Dithicke, a chapelry in this parish. +Anthony Babington was executed for high treason in the reign of Queen +Elizabeth, having engaged in a conspiracy to destroy that princess. + + +<span class="sidenote">A singular +rocking +stone, formerly +an idol.</span> + + +On the declivity of a hill on Ashover Common is a rocking stone, called +Robin Hood's Mark, which measures about twenty-six feet in circumference. +From its extraordinary position, it appears not only to have been +the work of art, but to have been placed with great ingenuity. About +200 yards to the north is a singularly shaped work, called the Turning-stone, +nine feet high: it is supposed to have been a rock idol. Overton +Hall, in this vicinity, was once the seat of Sir Joseph Banks, the President +of the Royal Society.</p> + + +<p>[C] ASHRIDGE was formerly called Escrug. In very early times this +village is reported to have possessed a royal palace; which, when the +estate became the property of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, son to Richard, +King of the Romans, was converted into a college for Bonhommes (or +monks who followed the rules of St. Augustine,) and endowed with the +manors of Ashridge, Gaddesden, and Hemel Hempstead. A parliament +was held here by Edward the First, in the year 1291; and, though of +short continuance, it was distinguished by a spirited debate on the origin +and necessary use of fines. After the dissolution, the monastery appears + + +<span class="sidenote">A parliament +held here +by Edward I.</span> + + +to have become the seat of royalty; and Norden describes it as the place +"wherein our most worthy and ever famous Queen Elizabeth lodged, as +in her owne, being a more statelie house." This queen, in the 17th +year of her reign, granted it to John Dudley, and John Ayscough, who + + +<span class="sidenote">The manor +house a favourite +seat of Queen +Elizabeth.</span> + + +within the short period of a fortnight, conveyed it to Henry, Lord Cheny, +whose lady sold it to Ralph Marshal, by whom it was again conveyed to +Randolph Crew and others, and soon afterwards granted to Egerton, Lord +Ellesmere, ancestor to the late Duke of Bridgewater; several of whose +family are buried in the neighbouring church of Little Gaddesden. The +old college, the greater part of which was standing in the year 1800, exhibited +a fine specimen of the gothic architecture of the thirteenth century. +The cloisters were particularly beautiful. The walls were painted in fresco +with Scripture subjects. The late Duke of Bridgewater pulled down the +whole of these buildings, the materials of which were disposed of in lots; +the present earl, the dukedom being extinct, has erected a most magnificent +mansion at a great expense. Ashridge Park, which contains some +very fine oak and beech trees, is pleasingly varied with hill and dale. It +is about five miles in circumference.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Ashtead</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Epsom</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Leatherhead</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ewell</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>607</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>405</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Chudleigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Moreton Ha.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Kirkham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>237</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stoney Strat.</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>380</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stilton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'>129</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton-Giffard</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Warminste</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Winchcomb</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>301</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton-Keynes</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Cricklade</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>1182</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashton, Long[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Keynsham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>1423</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ASHTON. Near this village is Ashton Hall, a seat of his Grace the +Duke of Hamilton. It formerly belonged to the family of the Laurences, +but came into the present family by the marriage of James, Earl of Arran, +afterwards Duke of Hamilton, with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Duke of +Hamilton.</span> + + +Lord Gerrard Digby, of Bromley. The mansion is a large building, with +some square embattled towers, an ancient hall, and other features of a magnificent +baronial castle. It is situated in a fine park, through which flows a +small rivulet, forming a narrow bay, at the western side of the grounds. +The park abounds with wood, and is agreeably diversified with hill and +dale, and affords, from many parts, extensive views across the river Lune +to Morecambe Bay, the Irish sea, &c. The mansion has undergone considerable +alteration, yet care has been taken to preserve its ancient +character.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Galgate Bridge, one mile distant, 9.20 P.M.; departs 2.20 morn.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ASHTON, or LONG ASHTON, is situated in a rich woody vale, +protected on the north by a range of picturesque though bleak hills, and +on the north lies the lofty ridge of Dundry. In this parish the inhabitants +raise fruit and vegetables for the Bristol market. There is much garden-ground +in Long Ashton, in which many Roman coins have been discovered. +The houses are in general well-built, much company resorting +thither during the summer season. The circumjacent scenery is delightful, +and in the vicinity are the remains of two Roman encampments, Stokeleigh +and Burwalls. The church is an old but very handsome building, +founded by the family of Lyons; the nave and aisles are divided from the +chancel by a beautiful gothic screen of fret and flower work, painted and +gilt, and executed in the most admirable style. One of the 6 bells contained +in the tower is inscribed "Sancte Johannes Baptiste ora pro nobis;" on +the tower are the arms of Lyons, in stone. Amongst several painted figures +and coats of arms on the glass of the windows, are the portraits of +Edward IV. and his Queen, Elizabeth Widville. Here are several handsome +monuments, but that of Sir Richard Choke and his lady is eminently +magnificent and beautiful. Ashton Court, the manor house, originally +founded by the Lyons family, but materially altered by Inigo Jones, +occupies the S.E. slope of Ashton Down, and the remains of another old +manor house, called the Lower Court, still stands in a valley to the S.W. +of the village.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton-under-Lyne[A]</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Mottram</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>33597</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton-in-Mackerfield[B]</td><td align='right'>to & chap </td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'> Newton </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Prescot </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'>196 </td><td align='right'> 5912</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashton-upon-Mersey</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>184</td><td align='right'>2078</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE is a large town situated at the south-eastern +extremity of the county. It consists of several narrow streets, +built on a high bank, which rises from the river Tame. It appears from +an ancient manuscript, that Ashton was formerly a borough, yet for +some centuries it sent no members to Parliament; but, by the Reform Bill +of 1832, it now returns one member, and the mayor of the town is the +returning officer. The borough comprises the whole district, over which +the lighting and paving act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV. extends. A + + +<span class="sidenote">Court of Requests +for the recovery +of £5. Defendants +may be followed.</span> + + +court is held here for the recovery of debts, not exceeding five pounds, by +48th Geo. III. c. 18; any person may sue, under the general regulations, +and defendants sued elsewhere are to have their costs. Defendants removing +out of the jurisdiction, may be followed in person and goods, by removing +the record to the superior courts, but wagers, &c. are not recoverable. +The principal part of the landed property of this parish belongs to the Earl +of Stamford, in whose family it was conveyed, by the marriage of Sir +William Booth to the daughter of Sir Thomas Asheton, whose family possessed + + +<span class="sidenote">The lord of +the manor +possessed a +power of +life and +death.</span> + + +some peculiar privileges in this manor: among which was, the +power of life and death over their tenantry. In commemoration of this +privilege, and its having been sometimes exercised, a field near the old +hall is still called Gallows Meadow. There is also an ancient custom + + +<span class="sidenote">Custom of +riding the +black lad.</span> + + +here, called "riding the black lad," celebrated every Easter Monday, to +perpetuate some act of great tyranny exercised by Sir Ralph Asheton, in +1483, when vice-constable of England. The ceremony consists in exhibiting +the effigies of a man on horseback through the streets, which is +afterwards suspended on the cross in the market place, and there shot. +The figure was formerly cased in armour, and the expenses of it were +defrayed by the court. Another account of the origin of this custom +states, that Thomas Asheton, in the reign of Henry III., particularly distinguished +himself at the battle of Neville's Cross, and bore away the +standard from the Scotch King's tent. For this heroic deed the King +conferred on Ashton the honour of Knighthood, who, on his arrival at +his manor instituted the custom described. At the village of Fairfield, in + + +<span class="sidenote">Moravian +settlement.</span> + + +this parish, there is a Moravian settlement, who have erected a chapel for +their followers. The males are principally employed in spinning and +weaving: they form a very industrious and orderly community. On the +western side of the town is Ashton Moss, which supplies the poor with +peat turf. Oak and fir trees are frequently found by those who dig for +the peat.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 23, April 29, July 25, and November 21, for horned +cattle, horses, and toys.—<i>Bankers</i>, Buckley, Roberts, and Co.; draw in London on Jones, +Lloyd, and Co.—<i>Inn</i>, Commercial Hotel.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] ASHTON. This village is generally called Ashton in Makerfield, or +Ashton in the Willows; it enjoys a very pleasant situation on the road +between Newton and Wigan. The hardware and cotton manufactories +give employment to the inhabitants. The church is a large old building, +part of which appears to have been erected by the lords of the manor. On +the pews are some ancient carvings; and in the windows are exhibited +some painted figures. Several of the Ashtons lie interred here, and their +names are inscribed on the windows. Near the church is a curious mansion, +called the Old Hall, the oldest parts of which are said to have been built +in 1483; adjoining this stands a pile, which was formerly used as a prison.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton-Steeple[A]</td><td align='right'>pa & ti</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Trowbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Melksham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>1754</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton, West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>374</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ashurst</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Tunbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tunbr. Wells</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Groombridge</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ashurst</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Henfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>W. Grinstead</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>423</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashwater</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Holsworthy</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Launceston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>209</td><td align='right'>862</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Ashwell[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Baldock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>1072</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Ashwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cottesmere</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>209</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashwell-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Attleburgh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>471</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Shepton Mall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>995</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashwicken</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Castle Rising</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>80</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Ashwood</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dudley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wolverhamp.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>....</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashworth</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>294</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aske</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>235</td><td align='right'>105</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ASHTON, or STEEPLE ASHTON is remarkable for its lofty and +elegant church, which was built about the year 1480, though the chapels +and a part of the chancel appear of a still earlier date. The tower which +is high and handsome, was formerly surmounted by a spire or steeple, +whence the village had its distinctive appellation. An inscription informs +us that, in the year 1670, the spire being in height 93 feet above the tower, +was rent by a violent thunder storm, and that in the same year, being + + +<span class="sidenote">The church +steeple +twice +thrown +down by +storms.</span> + + +almost re-erected, it was by a second storm again destroyed. The roof of +the nave is formed by intersecting arches, which rest on canopied niches, +adorned with whole length figures or flowers; and that of the aisles is +profusely decorated with sculpture and tracery work, while the windows +display some splendid remains of painted glass, the whole corresponding +with the exterior in style and effect. Plot informs us that there was dug +up at Steeple Ashton, a pavement, which he considered to be Roman, +though different in materials and design from those commonly regarded as +such. The Madrepore stone is found among the fossil productions of +Ashton. Rowd Ashton, the seat of Richard Godolphin Long, Esq., is +situated in a large and well wooded park. The Kennet and Avon canal +from London to Bristol passes near this village.</p> + + +<p>[B] ASHWELL. This village, situate on the river Rhee, on the borders +of Cambridgeshire, derives its present name from Escewelle, and is supposed +by Camden to be of Roman origin, from the frequent discovery of +Roman coins, and sepulchral urns, in an adjacent earthwork, or fortification, +called Arbury banks. It is in a low situation on the northern +edge of the county. Here a considerable spring breaks out from + + +<span class="sidenote">Powerful +spring +oozing from +a rock.</span> + + +a rocky bank overhung with lofty ash-trees, from which a continued +quantity of water flows, and being quickly collected into one channel, turns +a mill, and soon after becomes a river. From this spring and these ash-trees, +it is supposed the Saxons gave it the name of Ashwell. The village +was anciently a demesne of the Saxon kings; but before the time of +Edward the Confessor, it was granted to the Abbots of St. Peter's, at +Westminster, to whom it continued to belong till the dissolution, when +the Abbey was erected into a deanery, and after that into a bishopric; it, +however, followed the fate of similar foundations; and when the bishopric +was dissolved, in the reign of Edward VI., it was granted, with other +manors, to the see of London, in which it is still invested. The church +consists of a nave, aisle, and chancel, with a tower at the west-end, surmounted +by a spire. In the chancel are several slabs, formerly inlaid with +brasses. Among the inscriptions, Weever notices one with the words, +"Orate pro—Walter Sommoner." "I reade," says Weever, "that one +Walter Sumner held the manor of Ashwell of the King, by pettie sergeantie; +viz. to find the king spits to rost his meate upon the day of his +coronation: and John Sumner, his sonne, held the same manor by +service, to turne a spit in the king's kitchen upon the day of his coronation."</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Askerne or Askeron[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ferry-bridge </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='left'>Snaith </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>169 </td><td align='right'> 256</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Askerswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Abbotsbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>228</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Askerton[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>316</td><td align='right'>473</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Askham</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Gamston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>329</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Askham[C]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Westmor</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lowther</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>280</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Askham Bryan</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>341</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Askham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>234</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Askrigg[D]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hawes</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>737</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ASKERNE. This village is one of the numerous places in the West +Riding, which enjoys the distinction of a mineral spring. The water resembles +that of Harrowgate Spa; but taken internally, differs materially in +its operation, acting chiefly as a diuretic without any of that cathartic +or purgative power, for which the Harrowgate waters are so remarkable. +The village is situated at the foot of a hill; the spring rises at the distance +of a few yards only from a piece of water called Askerne Pool, seven acres +in extent, and is much frequented by rheumatic or scorbutic patients, who +seldom fail to obtain the relief which they seek. Near this place it is + + +<span class="sidenote">The Saxon +leader Hengist +put to +death.</span> + + +said the British Prince Ambrosius defeated and put to death the fierce +Saxon leader Hengist.</p> + + +<p>[B] ASKERTON. At this village there is a castle which was built by +the Barons Dacre. This well known name is derived from the exploits of +one of their ancestors at the siege of Acre, or Ptolemais, under Richard +Cœ]ur de Lion. There were two powerful branches of that name. The +first family, called Lord Dacres of the South, held the castle of the same +name, and are ancestors to the present Lord Dacre. The other family, descended + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of Lord +Dacre.</span> + + +from the same stock, were called Lord Dacres of the North, and +were Barons of Gillesland and Graystock. A chieftain of the latter branch +was warden of the West Marshes, during the reign of Edward VI. He +was a man of a hot and obstinate character, as appears from some particulars +of Lord Surrey's letter to Henry VIII., giving an account of his +behaviour at the siege and storm of Jedburgh. The castle was formerly +garrisoned by the Serjeant of Gillesland, who sometimes commanded and +led the inhabitants against the Scots.</p> + + +<p>[C] ASKHAM. This place consists of two manors. The hall, built in +1574, on the river Lowther, has an embattled roof, and a sombre aspect +well suited to the gloom of the surrounding scenery. Several remarkable + + +<span class="sidenote">Druid's +Cross.</span> + + +heaps of stones, among which, one is called the Druid's Cross, are in this +neighbourhood; and also a large cairn, called the White-raise.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Lowther 1½ miles distant 2.30 morning; departs 8 evening.</p></div> + + + +<p>[D] ASKRIGG. This ancient market town is situated near the river Ure +and Swaledale Forest: it resembles a large village, and the occupations of +the inhabitants are principally the knitting of stockings and making butter +or cheese. It is remarkable, chiefly, for some considerable cataracts in its +neighbourhood: as Millgill Force, a fall of from twenty to thirty yards; +Whitfields Force, a grand specimen of the picturesque; and Hardrow + +<span class="sidenote">Cataract +100 feet in +height.</span> + + +Force, where the water falls in one grand sheet from a perpendicular +height of one hundred feet. This town is one of the polling places appointed +under the Reform Bill of 1832, for the North Riding.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Fairs</i>, May 10, horned cattle; May 12, and first Thursday in June, +woollen cloth, pewter, brass, and milliners' goods; October 28, horned cattle; October 29, +woollens, &c.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Askwith</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>400</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aslackby[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bourn</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Corby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>455</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aslacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Stratton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Diss</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Aslacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aspall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aspal Stoneham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>633</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aspatria[B]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Cockermouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allonby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>761</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aspedon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Puckeridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'>560</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Aspley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stone</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>26</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Aspley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Henley-in Ar.</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Aspley Guise</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ampthill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wavenden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'>1014</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aspull</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>203</td><td align='right'>2464</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Asselby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>178</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Assendon[C]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Henley-on-T.</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Nettlebed</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] ASLACKBY. In this village, which is on the direct road from +London to Lincoln, there was a commandery, or associated body of Knights +Templars, founded in the time of Richard I., by John le Mareshall. It +afterwards served for the hospitallers, and at the suppression of this society, +the property was transferred to Edward, Lord Clinton. A farm-house, +which now occupies the site of the old circular church, is called the +temple. Of that ancient structure there yet remains a square embattled + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient +village.</span> + + +tower of two stories. The lower story is vaulted, and formed of eight +groins, in the centre of which is displayed eight shields, and various coats +of arms. The parish church is a handsome building, with an embattled +tower at the west end. A castle formerly stood here, but no vestiges of +the walls can now be seen: remnants, however, of the foss and earthworks +point out the spot where it was situated.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 7.40 morn.; departs 6.45 evening.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] ASPATRIA, or ASPATRIC, is a long straggling village on the side +of a hill, about five miles distant from the Irish sea. It now forms part +of the estate of the Earl of Egremont, but is supposed to have derived its +name from Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar. On removing the earth of a +barrow, which stood at Beacon-hill, an eminence about 200 yards to the +north of the village, in the year 1790, a human skeleton was found in a + + +<span class="sidenote">Prodigious +skeleton, 7ft. from the +head to the +ancle-bone.</span> + + +kind of chest, or kistvaen, formed by two large cobblestones at each end, +and the same on each side. The feet were decayed and rotted off, but +from the head to the ancle-bone, the skeleton measured seven feet. On +exposure to the atmospheric air the other bones soon mouldered away. +Near the shoulder, on the left side, was a broad sword five feet long, the +guard of which was elegantly inlaid with silver flowers: a dirk, or dagger, +lay on the right side; it was one foot and a half long, and the handle +seemed to have been studded with silver. There were likewise found part +of a golden fibula, or buckle, a broken battle-axe, an ornament for the end +of a belt, a part of which yet remained, part of a spur, and a bit resembling + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient +relics found.</span> + + +modern snaffle. Various figures, rudely sculptured, remained on +the stones which enclosed the left side of the chest; they chiefly represented +circles, each having within a cross in relief. Hayman Rooke, Esq., the +learned antiquary, from whose account the above particulars are taken, +supposed that the personage whose remains were found was buried soon +after the first dawning of Christianity; and also, inferred from the rich +ornaments found in the tomb, that he was a chieftain of high rank.</p> + + + +<p>[C] ASSENDON. At this township is a land spring, reputed the most +eminent of its kind in England. The water only appears after a continuance +of wet weather, but then issues forth in such abundance, that +mills might be turned by the current, and the adjacent lowlands are inundated. +This spring has been supposed by some to act on the principle + + +<span class="sidenote">Wonderful +spring.</span> + + +of a natural syphon, and to be supplied from subterranean sources; but +this is evidently erroneous, as the seasons of its flowing are uniformly after +heavy rains.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Assington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Neyland</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hadleigh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>641</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Asson-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Astbury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>14637</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Asterby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>M. Raisin.</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>231</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Asthall[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Witney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Charlbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>352</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Astley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>1832</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Astley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>239</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Astley[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>340</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Astley[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Kiddermins</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>849</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ASTBURY, or AUSTBURY, is an extensive village and contains +several gentlemen's seats. The church is a handsome gothic structure, +with a lofty steeple. In the church yard are two ancient monuments, +ornamented with the insignia of knighthood, but the names of the families +whose memories they were intended to record are now lost. The parish +of Astbury contains no less than twelve townships, of which the market + + +<span class="sidenote">Contains 12 +townships.</span> + + +town of Congleton is one. Each of these townships has its overseer and +other officers, but the whole parish is under the government of one church-warden, +the office of which is served in rotation by eight persons, vulgarly +denominated the "Posts of the Parish;" though they should properly +be called Provosts.</p> + + + +<p>[B] ASTHALL. At this village is an old manorial mansion, now used +as a farm-house, which was formerly the residence of Sir Richard Jones, +one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign of Charles +the First. In the north aisle of the church stands a large stone coffin, + + +<span class="sidenote">Alice +Corbett.</span> + + +said to contain the remains of Alice Corbett, concubine to Henry I.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 5 morning; departs 9.35 evening.</p></div> + + + +<p>[C] ASTLEY. This manor was held, in the reign of Henry II., by Philip +de Estley, of the Earl of Warwick, by the service of holding the Earl's + + +<span class="sidenote">Singular +tenure.</span> + + +stirrup when he mounted or alighted from his horse. From this person +are descended two families, seated at Hill Morton, in this county, and at +Patshull, in Staffordshire. In the reign of Henry V. the estate passed +by marriage to the Greys of Ruthin, from whom it descended to Henry +Grey, Marquis of Dorset, and Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in the reign of +Queen Mary, for an attempt to make Lady Jane Grey queen. The manor +belongs at present to F.P. Newdigate, Esq. Astley Castle is surrounded +by a moat, along the inner edge of which lie the remains of massive walls. +The habitable part of the mansion is probably not older than the time of +Mary; but it is clad in a garb of ivy, and other evergreens, which renders +it singularly picturesque. In one room is preserved a portrait of the +factious Suffolk, respecting whose capture the following particulars are +related:—"Finding that he was forsaken, he put himself under the trust + + +<span class="sidenote">Lord Suffolk +betrayed by +his keeper.</span> + + +of one Underwood, as it is said, a keeper of his park here at Astley, who +hid him for some few days in a large hollow tree, standing about two +bow-shots from the church; but, being promised a reward, he betrayed +him." The church of Astley having been made collegiate, by Lord +Thomas de Astley, was by him rebuilt, and adorned with a spire, so lofty +that it served as a land-mark in the deep wood-lands of the district, and +was popularly termed "The lanthorn of Arden."—The interior is curious +and interesting, although many monuments and decorations have been +removed or destroyed at various times. On an altar-tomb at the west-end +are the effigies, in alabaster, of a warrior and a lady; and on another, is the +mutilated figure of a female in a recumbent posture: both are without +inscription.</p> + + +<p>[D] ASTLEY. This village is situated on the Severn, it was noted before +the dissolution, for its priory of Benedictines, and is now remarkable chiefly +for a hermitage formed in the living rock, and recently converted into an + + +<span class="sidenote">Hermitage.</span> + + +ale-house. The church, built in the Saxon style of architecture, contains +some monuments and a few fragments of stained glass. Here is the ancient +seat called Glasshampton.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Astley Abbots</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>M. Wenlock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>666</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Ivinghoe</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leighton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>406</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>409</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>197</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Tideswell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Castleton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Derwent</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>104</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Hawarden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>197</td><td align='right'>237</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Wigmore</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>56</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aston[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Welwyn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>494</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bishop's Cas.</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>161</td><td align='right'>84</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Witney</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ensham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>699</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>277</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Aston[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>32118</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aston[C]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Maltby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>564</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ASTON. The village and manor of Aston was an ancient demesne +of the Saxon kings. Henry VIII. granted the manor to Sir John Boteler, +of Walton Wood Hall; but the house now standing at Aston Place, indicates +earlier antiquity than the time of that sovereign. Westward of the village, + + +<span class="sidenote">The six +hills.</span> + + +on the eastern side of the great North road, are six large barrows, thought +to be of Danish origin; from their immediate proximity to the road-side +they excite the curiosity and attention of most persons travelling northward: +two of them have been opened, but were not found to contain any +thing of sufficient interest to be here recorded.</p> + + +<p>[B] ASTON is in the Birmingham division of the Hundred of Hemlingford. +It may be deemed a part of Birmingham, being inhabited chiefly by + + +<span class="sidenote">Part of +Birmingham.</span> + + +artisans in the various branches of manufacture for which that +town is distinguished. Aston Hall, the seat of Heneage Legge, Esq., +was first erected by Sir Thomas Holt, Bart. in the reign of James I. It +was several times plundered during the troubles of his successor, who was +entertained here for two nights a short time before the battle of Edgehill, +which occurred on October 23, 1642, between the Royalists and the +Parliamentary forces. Sir T. Holt endowed an alms-house for five poor +men and women in this parish.</p> + + +<p>[C] ASTON, is a parish and township with Aughton, in the wapentake +of Strafforth and Tickhill. In the church, which is dedicated to All Saints, +is an ancient monument, under which lie buried Lord D'Arcy and his +three wives. There is also a marble slab to the memory of the poet + + +<span class="sidenote">The poet +Mason's +monument.</span> + + +Mason, who was rector of this parish. This distinguished poet was the +son of a clergyman in Yorkshire, in which county he was born in the +year 1725. He became a student of St. John's College, Cambridge, and +subsequently a fellow of Pembroke Hall, in the same university. His +debut in the literary world was made by the publication of "Isis," a poem, +in which he satirized the Jacobitish and High Church principles of the +University of Oxford. A reply was written by Thomas Warton, entitled +"The Triumph of Isis." In 1752 he published a tragedy with choral +odes on the ancient Greek model, called "Elfrida." Having taken orders +in the church, he was presented with the living of Aston, and appointed +one of the royal chaplains. In 1759 appeared his "Caractacus," a drama +on a kindred plan with the former. Both of these pieces were afterwards +introduced on the stage, they however met with very little success. In +1762, Mr. Mason was made precentor of York, to which preferment a +canonry was annexed. One of his principal works, entitled "The English +Garden," a poem, in four books, appeared in the years 1772, 1777, +1779, and 1781. 4to.; this was translated into French and German. In +1775 he published the exquisite poems of his friend Gray, with a Memoir +of his Life. At the beginning of the American War, Mr. Mason became + + +<span class="sidenote">An advocate +for freedom +dismissed +from his +chaplainship.</span> + + +so active an advocate for freedom, as to give offence at court, and he was +in consequence dismissed from his chaplainship. It is said he felt alarmed +at the frightful consequences of the French Revolution, and his zeal +cooled towards the latter end of his life. He died April 7, 1797.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston-Abbots</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>303</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-Blank</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Winchcomb</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>295</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Aston-Botterill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cleobury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>260</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Aston-Cantlow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>940</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston-Clinton[A]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ivinghoe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>1001</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Aston-Eyre</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>M. Wenlock</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>63</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Aston-Flamville</td><td align='right'>to & p</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>1703</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston-Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>36</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aston-Ingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newent</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>591</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aston on the Walls,</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>240</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Aston-Magna</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>254</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-Middle</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>121</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston-Mondrum</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>168</td><td align='right'>159</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>305</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-Rowant</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'>946</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston-Sandford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>P. Risboro'</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-Somerville</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Winchcombe</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>103</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-Steeple[B]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>562</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-Subege</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Campden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>103</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aston-Tirrold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>E. Illsley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Streatley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-upon-Carron</td><td align='right'>pa and ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Aston-upon-Trent</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>620</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aston-Upthorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>172</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Astrope, or Asthorpe[C]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Astwell[D]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>118</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ASTON CLINTON is in the first division of Aylesbury hundred. The +manor was the property of the late Lord Lake, who died in 1808, during +the trial of General Whitelock, who was cashiered for his misconduct at +Buenos Ayres at the commencement of that year. At St. Leonard's, a +hamlet of this parish, about four miles from Aston church, is an ancient +chapel, said to have been a chantry chapel to the Abbey of Missenden. It + + +<span class="sidenote">Monument +of one of +Queen +Anne's +officers.</span> + + +contains, among other monuments, that of General Cornelius Wood, an +officer who distinguished himself in the reign of Queen Anne, and who +died in 1712. It is ornamented with a bust of the general in white +marble, surrounded with military trophies. This chapel is endowed +with an estate, vested in ten trustees, who have the appointment of the +minister.</p> + + + +<p>[B] STEEPLE ASTON. At this village, Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, principal +of Brazennose College, Oxford, and rector of this church, founded a free + +<span class="sidenote">Dr. Samuel +Radcliffe.</span> + +school in 1640, and endowed it with ten pounds per annum; he died in +the year 1648, and is buried in the church. He also endowed an alms-house +for poor women in this parish. A tessalated pavement was ploughed +up here in the 17th century.</p> + + +<p>[C] ASTROPE. This hamlet is in the parish of King's Sutton. The +village is worthy of remark, from the church having a tower crowned +with a handsome and lofty spire, decorated with crocketed pinnacles. +Here is a remarkably fine mineral spring, called St. Rumbald's Well, which + + +<span class="sidenote">A mineral +spring famous +for curing +consumption, +jaundice, &c.</span> + + +was formerly in considerable repute. When drank at the fountain head, +the water is considered a specific in cases of female obstructions, and in +the first and second stages of consumptions. In the jaundice it seldom +fails; and in dropsical cases is frequently administered with success. Persons +whose constitutions have been weakened by free living, find themselves +renovated by its virtues. The water has a brisk pleasant taste, and +is very clear and spirituous. Astrope Hall was formerly the residence of +the Lord Chief Justice Willes.</p> + + +<p>[D] ASTWELL. In this hamlet is an ancient mansion, formerly the +seat of the Earl of Ferrers. Several of the rooms exhibit in the wainscot + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of Earl +Ferrers</span> + +and chimney pieces, armorial bearings and other carved decorations. A +dilapidated room at the east end was formerly a chapel.</p> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Astwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Shefford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Baldock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Astwood</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Newport Pag</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Olney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aswarby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>113</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aswardby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>80</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Atcham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Acton Burn.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Shiffnal</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>149</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Atch-Lench</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Athan, St.[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>312</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Athelampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>79</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Athelington, or Allington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>129</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Athelney, Isle of</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Atherington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>S. Molton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>592</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Atherstone[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sheepy</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>3870</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ST. ATHAN. In this village is a castle, called East Orchard, built in +the year 1691, by Roger Berkrols; it stands on the edge of an extensive +flat: a luxuriant wild fig tree grows out of the cement of the chapel walls. +Perhaps the Turkey fig tree might be propagated with more success, +grafted upon this wildling, which probably originated in the cultivated fig +planted in the gardens of the Norman lords. In St. Athan's church there + + +<span class="sidenote">The largest +inhabited +castle in +Wales.</span> + + +are two uncommonly fine gothic monuments of the Berkrol's family: there +are likewise in this parish the remains of two castles—West Orchard and +Castleton; but these are not of such great antiquity. From this spot there +is a good view of Fonmore, or Fronmon Castle, which is the most extensive +and august of the Welch inhabited castles. The kitchen is said to be +the largest in the kingdom. In Fronmon castle is an excellent portrait of +Oliver Cromwell. The flat and steep-holms are seen from this neighbourhood: +the former has its light-house. It is situated nearly ten miles from +the sea lock of the canal, and three miles from the adjacent steep-holms, +which is a smaller island than the former, though more conspicuous from +its great height above the water; it is quite barren and uninhabited. The +flat holms at low tide is an extensive sheet of mud, excepting one deep + + +<span class="sidenote">Account of +the dangerous +beach.</span> + + +channel. The landing place is near the castle rock, a dangerous, but +romantic beach, so called from its similarity to a castle, it is very large, and +is said to resemble Abergavenny castle. In the centre is a bold arch, which +at high water is covered. The hollow sound of the sea roaring through +the arch, and the waves occasionally retreating, and then forcing their +way back with redoubled fury, has an uncommonly fine effect. At low tide +the shore all around the base is dry. The island is four or five miles in +circumference; the soil is good, and would, if well cultivated, be very +productive. From the light-house, which is 80 feet in height, is a delightful +prospect of the Bristol Channel and the shores of Somerset and +Glamorgan. It is the resort of many visitors in the summer season.</p> + + +<p>[B] ATHERSTONE. This market town is supposed to have derived its +name from "a stone" under which an "adder" of enormous size was +found; it is situated on the Watling Street, and divided from Leicestershire +by the river Anker, and was a place of some importance at the Conquest: +at which time the town was given to the monks of Bee in Normandy, +who obtained for it a market day and an annual fair, which + + +<span class="sidenote">Some foreign +monks +obtained +this market.</span> + + +brought it into consequence. A monastery of friars, (Hermits of Saint +Augustine,) was founded at Atherstone in the year 1375. The church +belonging to the friary was completed in the reign of Richard II. A free +grammar school was founded here by Sir William Devereux and two other +benevolent persons in the year 1573. The chancel of the friary church +was appropriated to the use of this seminary, and is still dedicated to the +same purpose. The mansion, or hall house was sometime after separated +from the chapel, and rebuilt at a short distance upon a pleasant bank, +commanding an extensive view over the adjacent counties of Leicester, +Derby, and Stafford. Two nights before the battle of Bosworth Field +(which is but nine miles distant), the Duke of Richmond lay at Atherstone, +where he had his interview with the two Stanley's, in which such +measures of co-operation were concerted as occasioned the overthrow of +King Richard III., and it is said, that many persons from the subsequent +battle were buried below this old mansion, from which the spot has retained +the name of the bloody bank. It appears, however, to have been +so called from being the place where contests of less serious results were +usually decided by the young champions of the ancient foundation school, +which is still supported by a respectable endowment. Atherstone Hall has + + +<span class="sidenote">Atherstone +Hall.</span> + + +recently been much improved by extended buildings and ornamental plantations. +It is situated near Merevale Hall, the seat of D.S. Dugdale, Esq., +and Grendon Hall, that of Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart. Here are manufactories +of hats, ribbons, and shalloons, and considerable business is done at the +four annual fairs; that in September being the most considerable in England +for the sale of cheese. The passage of the Coventry canal, uniting +with that of the Trent and Mersey, within a hundred yards of the town, +adds very considerably to its facilities of trading. The poet Drayton, +author of the "Polyolbion," was a native of Atherstone.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, April 7, for horses, cows, and sheep; July 18, holyday; September +19, for horses, cows, and cheese; December 4, for horses and fat cattle.—<i>Mail</i> arrives +8.41 A.M.; departs 5.36 P.M.—<i>Inns</i>, Red Lion, and Three Tuns.—<i>Bankers</i>, W. and J.H. +Chapman; draw upon Spooner and Co.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Atherstone-upon-Stour</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Campden</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>87</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Atherton, or Chowbents</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>4181</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Atlow</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>517</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Atpar</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carmarthen</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Attenborough[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>1094</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Atterly</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Mar. Rising</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Attercliffe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>3741</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Atterton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>76</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Attington</td><td align='right'>ex. p.ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Attleborough[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & p</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>1939</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ATTENBOROUGH. This village, supposed to be the ancient Attenton, +lies nearly on the banks of the river Trent. Its church is large, and also +well filled: it serves for Chilwell, Toueton, and part of Bramcote. This +place is remarkable, for having given birth to Henry Ireton, the regicide, + + +<span class="sidenote">Birth-place +of the regicide, +son-in-law +of Oliver +Cromwell.</span> + +son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was the eldest son of Gervase Ireton, +Esq., and brother to Sir John Ireton, Lord Mayor of London in 1658. +He was a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, in 1629, and +at the age of 19 he took one degree in Arts. Wood tells us, that he had +the character in that college of a stubborn and saucy fellow towards the +seniors. Afterwards he went to the Middle Temple, where he became +grounded in the common law. When the rebellion broke out he took +up arms against the king, was a recruiter in the long parliament, and +about that time married Bridget, one of the daughters of Cromwell, then +only colonel of a regiment. He became first a captain, afterwards +colonel, and at length commissary-general, in 1645. He is said to have +been the best prayer-maker and preacher in the whole army. He drew +up the famous remonstrance requiring justice to be done on their +sovereign. He sat as judge on the king's trial, and was one of the committee +that appointed the time and place of execution. In Cromwell's +expedition to Ireland, he was appointed second in command, with the +rank of major-general, and was afterwards made president of Munster; +being left as deputy by Cromwell, in 1649, he died the next year of a sudden +disorder at Limerick. On his death, the parliament settled a pension +of £2000. per annum on his widow and children, out of the estates of the +Duke of Buckingham.</p> + + +<p>[B] ATTLEBOROUGH, or ATTLEBURGH. This small market town +was formerly a place of considerable consequence. During the Saxon era +it was a post of strength and served as a check to the Danes in their predatory +incursions. Its fortifications are said to have been conspicuous in +the time of Henry II. Attleborough formerly belonged to the Mortimers; +from them it passed to the Ratcliffe family, of whom it was purchased by +Sir Francis Blickley, Bart., whence it came into possession of the family +of Ash. A college, dedicated to the Holy Cross, was founded here in the +reign of Richard II., by Sir Robert de Mortimer, for a custos and four +fellows. The church, with the east end is entire; it is in the collegiate +form, and consists of a large nave with aisles and a north and south +transept; it contains the monuments of many persons of distinction. On +a flat stone in the nave is an inscription to the memory of Captain John +Gibbs, a celebrated horse racer and gamester, in the reign of Charles I. + + +<span class="sidenote">Anecdote of +Captain J. +Gibbs.</span> + + +This person having laid a wager that he would drive his carriage and +four horses up and down the steepest place of the Devil's Ditch, on Newmarket +Heath, succeeded in winning the bet, by making a very light +chaise, with a jointed perch, and without any pole. It is worthy of +remark, that the first turnpike road in the kingdom, was made at Attleborough, +by an Act passed for that purpose in 1707.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Thursday before Easter; Thursday after Holy Trinity; August +15, for cattle and Toys.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 7.27 A.M.; departs 6.38 P.M.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Attleborough</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Attlebridge</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>117</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Atwicke</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>E.R.York</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>285</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Auborn</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Navenby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>356</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Auckland, St. Andrew[A]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Bp. Auckland</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>248</td><td align='right'>11137</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Auckland, St. Helen</td><td align='right'>ch</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>410</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Auckland, West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>1106</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Audley End[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Chesterford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Audlem</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Woore</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>2978</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ST. ANDREWS, AUCKLAND. This place is celebrated for the +church having been made collegiate by Bishop Beck, although it is probable +there was some foundation here before the time of that prelate. +The edifice is situated on a rising ground, in a valley near the banks of the +river Gaunless, and has the form of a cross with a tower at the west end. +In the inside is a curious wooden figure, said to be an effigy of one of + + +<span class="sidenote">Curious +effigy.</span> + + +the family of Polland, which represents a knight sitting cross-legged and +dressed in a coat of mail, with his hands raised and his feet resting on a +lion.</p> + + +<p>[B] AUDLEY END is principally celebrated for its vicinity to Audley +House, which was sold by the third Earl of Suffolk, to Charles II., for +£50,000., the king, however, left a great part of the sum on mortgage. +The present mansion, though a large and magnificent structure, consists +only of a small part of the original building, owing to its curtailment +at various times. When in its perfect state, it was esteemed one +of the most splendid and capacious mansions in the country; and, if not +superior, was nearly equal to the palaces of Hampton Court, Nonsuch, +and Richmond. At the time when it was first built, large, rather than +comfortable or handsome houses were fashionable. Influenced by these sentiments, +Thomas Howard, the first Earl of Suffolk, (as Walpole observes,) +determined to have "an immense pile of building," and £190,000. was +expended upon its erection. It is said that, when the house was finished, +King James was invited to see it. Having surveyed the structure with + + +<span class="sidenote">Anecdote of +James I.</span> + + +great astonishment, the earl asked him "how he liked it?" "Very well," +replied James, "but troth man," continued he sarcastically, "it is too +much for a king, but it may do for a Lord High Treasurer." An elegant +domestic chapel, constructed by the late Lord Howard, occupies the north +west corner of the house. It is fitted up with clustered columns, pointed +arches, and fan like tracery; and, in imitation of a cathedral, it has a +nave, side-aisles and transepts. The windows are filled with painted +glass, by Pickett of York, who executed them in 1771, from Biaggio +Rebecca's designs.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, August 5, for cheese.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' + cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Audley</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>3617</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aughton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>K. Lonsdale</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>199</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aughton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>1462</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aughton[A]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>665</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aughton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aukborough[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>467</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Aukley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ault-Hucknall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bolsover</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>618</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aunsby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>117</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]</td><td align='right'>ti. & chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>203</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] AUGHTON. This village is chiefly distinguished for having been +the seat of an ancient and respectable family long since extinct, or dispersed. + + +<span class="sidenote">Once the +seat of Sir +Robert +Aske.</span> + + +The Askes, who succeeded the family of Hai, resided here from +about the year 1365, till the reign of Charles I., when the head of the +family was one of the judges of that unfortunate monarch. Of this family, +also, was Sir Robert Aske, a man of daring and enthusiastic courage, +possessing considerable talents, who headed the insurrection called "the +Pilgrimage of Grace," in the days of Henry VIII. Of the family seat, +nothing remains but the site, marked by several moats.</p> + + + +<p>[B] AUKBOROUGH. Dr. Stukely having discovered a Roman castrum +and a vicinal road here, supposed it to be the Aquis of Ravennas. The +Roman station is square, each side 300 feet; the entrance is at the north, +and the west side faces the steep cliff that over-hangs the Trent. The +situation of this castle at the north-west angle of Lincolnshire, renders it +a kind of watch tower over Nottingham and Yorkshire, which it surveys. +The camp is now called "Countess Close," and tradition speaks of a +Countess of Warwick having resided here. The vallum and ditch are +nearly entire; a square plat called the "Oreen," is supposed to have +been appropriated for the soldiers when on duty. Within this is a round +walk into a labyrinth, called Julian's Bower; these bowers are usually + + +<span class="sidenote">Julian's +bower.</span> + + +found in the neighbourhood of Roman towns, and are objects of great +curiosity to uninformed people. Dr. Stukeley is of opinion that they +were the arena of some of their ancient games, brought into Italy from +Troy, and that they derived their name from "borough," any work consisting +of ramparts of earth, and not from "bower" an arbour. The +views in this neighbourhood are very beautiful; the winding Trent with +its rich level plains of meadow, all alive with herds of cattle; the cliff, +commanding a noble view of the three rivers; the hanging woods and +ornamented walks, all form a great contrast to what Lincolnshire is often +represented by those who have visited only the fenny parts of this fertile +county.</p> + + +<p>[C] AUST, or AUST CLIVE. Here is a celebrated ferry over the Severn +into South Wales. The Proprætor, Ostorius Scapula, was accustomed to +ferry his legions over near this place. In the time of Edward the Elder, + + +<span class="sidenote">Celebrated +passage into South +Wales.</span> + + +who was lying here with his army, Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, was stationed +at Beachley, on the opposite bank. Llewellyn, who was required +to pay homage to the English Sovereign, refused to cross the passage; but +Edward immediately crossing in a boat, was seen, as he approached the +shore by Llewellyn, who, overcome by the condescension, rushed into the +water, and taking the monarch upon his shoulders, carried him to land, +and did him homage for the principality. The Severn is here nearly two +miles across.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Austell, or St. Austle[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Lostwithiel</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Grampound</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>243</td><td align='right'>8758</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austerfield</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>280</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Austerson</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>69</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] ST. AUSTELL is a considerable market town, which belongs to +the north-eastern division of the county, and is one of the polling +places. The petty sessions of the hundred of Powder are held here. +Considerable quantities of corn and other articles are brought to the +market. The town is seated on the eastern side of a hill which slopes +gradually to a rivulet which runs along a narrow valley; this stream, and +the inequality of the ground, have been rendered eminently useful to the +manufactories of the neighbourhood. The water which has been conducted +round the side of the hills, in its course impels the machinery of several +stamping-mills, which have been erected on different levels. It is also +employed to cleanse and separate the tin from the pounded mass. Through +its vicinity to the great tin mine of Polgooth, St. Austell has within the +last sixty or seventy years, considerably increased in the number of its + + +<span class="sidenote">Blackmore +Court held +here.</span> + + +houses and inhabitants. The holding of the Blackmore Court here, which +is the most considerable of the stannary courts, or courts relating to the +tin works, have also contributed to augment its prosperity. The old town, +or rather village, was at some little distance to the east, and its site is still +marked by a few cottages; the present town is the regular thoroughfare for +travellers from Plymouth to Falmouth; the streets are very narrow, and not +having any pavement for foot passengers are somewhat unsafe. The only +blowing houses in the county are at the east end of this town; they are three +in number, and very spacious; the old smelting houses are supplied with +coals, and are reverberatory; but in these blowing houses the fire is +of charcoal, and ignited by air impelled through tubes by cylinders +instead of bellows; this mode of fluxing the ore is considered by the workmen +far preferable to the other. The inhabitants of this town, from its +proximity to the sea, are principally employed in the pilchard fishery and +in mining; there is however a small manufactory of serges. The parish +church is a fine old fabric, consisting of three aisles; the tower and some +other parts of the structure are fancifully ornamented; various carvings, +monstrous heads, angels, and other figures appear on the cornices. From +the repetition of the shovel, pick, hammers, and other tools, it seems +probable that the miners were the principle contributors towards the expences +of the building. In the year 1774, as some tinners were searching +for tin in a stream work near the town, about seventeen feet under the +surface of the ground, they discovered a silver cup, which is now used for +wine at the Communion table, in which were several ancient pieces of +gold and silver ornaments; they consisted of bracelets, rings, and buckles, + + +<span class="sidenote">Silver cup +found 17ft. +under +ground.</span> + + +evidently for a person of high rank, with many of the most curious Saxon +coins ever discovered at one time. All these articles fell out on moving +the ground, and some were probably lost in shovelling out the rubbish; +those which were picked up were dispersed about the country, and many +of them broken. The celebrated Pentuan stone quarry, from which the +materials of many churches and family seats have been taken, is in this +parish. Polgooth mine (before mentioned) was considered the richest ever +worked in England, and is situated about two miles south-west of the +town. The surrounding country appears for many miles bleak, desolate, +and barren, yet its bowels contain vast treasures; though, as a talented +author has observed, "like the shabby mien of a miser, its aspect does +not correspond with its hoards." The shafts by which the miners descend, +and through which the ore is raised to the surface, are scattered over a +considerable extent of sterile ground, whose dreary appearance, and the +sallow countenances of the miners, concur to excite ideas of gloom, apprehension, +and melancholy. The number of shafts is not less than fifty, +from twenty to thirty of which are constantly in use. When a stranger +is induced to descend, he is previously accoutred in a flannel shirt and +trowsers, a close cap, an old hat to shelter his face from droppings, and a +thick pair of shoes. A lighted candle is put into one hand, and a spare +one suspended to a button of his jacket. Every part of the ordinary clothing +is laid aside, and the flannel dress worn close to the skin, in order to +absorb the profuse perspiration which the closeness of the mine or the +labour of mounting the ladders may occasion.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Whit Thursday, and Nov. 30, for oxen, sheep, and cloth.—<i>Mail</i> +arrives 12.35 afternoon; departs 10.27. morning.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austhorpe[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>150</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Austhwaite</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Ravenglass</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ulverston</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bootle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>283</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austonley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>1420</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Austrey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>540</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austwick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ingleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hawes</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>614</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Authorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>121</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Avebury, or Abury[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>747</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Aveley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Purfleet</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>G. Thurrock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wennington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>758</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Avenbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>314</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Avening</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>M. Hampton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Horseley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>2396</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Averham[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Southwell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>182</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Aveton-Gifford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Modbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dartmouth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Kingsbridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>939</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] AUSTHORPE. This township gave birth to the celebrated civil +engineer John Smeaton, distinguished as the architect of Eddystone Light-house, +and, as the conductor of various other important undertakings. He + + +<span class="sidenote">Birth-place +of Smeaton +the architect.</span> + + +was the son of an attorney, who, observing that he had a strong taste for +mechanics, wisely allowed him to follow the impulse of his genius, and +become a mathematical instrument maker. He commenced business in +that capacity, in Holborn, London, in 1750. His great undertaking—the +erection of the light-house on the Eddystone rock, was accomplished +in the year 1759, and it was executed in such a manner as almost to bid +defiance to the power of time or accident. His death took place in his +native village, September 8, 1792.—See Eddystone Light-house.</p> + + +<p>[B] AVEBURY or ABURY, is situated within the very area of a British +temple, and claims the particular attention of the topographer and antiquary. +The enclosure, which is formed by a wide and deep ditch, and a +lofty external vallum, contains many large stones, some of which are erect, +and the others lying on the ground. Southward of this place, at some +distance, are other large stones, erect or prostrate; and, westward, are +two others, erect. Several walls and houses of the village are constructed + + +<span class="sidenote">A British +temple +formed of +enormous +stones.</span> + + +with broken masses of these ponderous monuments; yet enough remains +to excite curiosity and prompt research. The following is a description +of this great temple, in its original state:—Immediately within the ditch, +and encompassing the whole area, was a continued series of large upright +stones, consisting of one hundred in number; these stones were placed +at the distance of twenty-seven feet from each other, and usually measured +from fifteen to seventeen feet in height, and about forty feet in circumference. +Within the area of this circle, the diameter of which was +about 1400 feet, were two double circles; the exterior circles were about +466 feet in diameter, and formed by thirty stones of similar dimensions +equally distant from each other, as in the large enclosing circle. Of these +singular stones there are but few remaining; but from the extraordinary +dimension of these relics of antiquity, the traveller may judge for himself +the correctness of our notice.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Beckhampton Inn, (1 mile distant,) at 5.20 morning; departs 9.45 night.</p></div> + + +<p>[C] AVERHAM. This place is principally remarkable for a monument +contained in the church erected to the memory of Sir William Sutton, +once lord of the manor, on which it is quaintly recorded that he had sixteen +children, and an equal number of each sex; of whom the one half</p> + +<p class='center'> +"Ushered to heaven their father, and the other<br /> +Remained behind him to attend their mother." +</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Avington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kintbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>191</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Avington[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>26</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malmsbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>226</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Avon Dassett</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Southam</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Awliscombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ottery St.M.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Collumpton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>598</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Awre</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Blakeney</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Berkeley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>1309</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Axbridge[C]</td><td align='right'>bo. m.t. & p</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Chedder</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>998</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Axford</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ramsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Albourne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>450</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] AVINGTON. Sir Francis Burdett is lord of this manor, and patron + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir Francis +Burdett.</span> + + +of the rectory. The church, which remains nearly in its original state, +exhibits a curious specimen of Saxon architecture. Within the walls it +measures 75 feet by 14 feet and a half. The nave is separated from the +chancel by an arch richly ornamented by a zig-zag moulding, and a great +variety of grotesque heads springing from two enriched piers; the arch is +formed of the segments of two circles, each having different centres. In +this church there is also a very singular font, of rude workmanship, surrounded +with grotesque figures, executed in bass-relief; that is to say, +sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out from the ground in their +full proportion.</p> + + +<p>[B] AVINGTON, anciently Abyngton, is remarkable for its beautiful +park, the seat of Chandos Grenville, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Lieutenant + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Duke of +Buckingham.</span> + + +of the county of Bucks. The manor was originally a royal demesne, +or estate in lands, and was given by king Edgar to the monastery of St. +Swithin at Winchester, in the year 961; it continued in the possession +of that house until the dissolution of monasteries, when it became the +property of the clerks of Mitcheldever, (a village about five miles distant,) +with whom it remained until the reign of Elizabeth; and then passed to the +Bruges, or Brydges family, afterwards raised to the dukedom of Chandos. +Anna Maria Brudenell, the infamous Countess of Shrewsbury, married +one of this family; her former husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury, died +from a wound received in a duel with the Duke of Buckingham, during +the fighting of which the Countess had the audacity to hold the horse of +her gallant, disguised as a page. Charles the Second was frequently the + + +<span class="sidenote">A seat of +one of the +paramours +of Charles +II.</span> + + +guest of this notorious woman at the mansion of Avington, which thus +became the scene of that licentious monarch's pleasures. The mansion, +which is mostly built of brick, has been greatly improved since it came +into the possession of the present proprietor. It is situated in a well +planted and secluded valley, nearly environed with high downs, which +from their bare and open state, form a singular though not unpleasing +contrast with the scenery immediately contiguous to the house. Several +of the apartments are fitted up with great elegance, and enriched by a +choice collection of valuable paintings.</p> + + + +<p>[C] AXBRIDGE. This town is one of the polling places for the eastern +division of the county of Somerset, but the court for the election of the +Knights of the Shire is at Wells. The borough sent members to parliament +during the reigns of the three first Edwards, but was afterwards +excused on the plea of poverty. It consists chiefly of one street, winding + + +<span class="sidenote">A borough +excused on +a plea of +poverty.</span> + + +from east to west, about half a mile in length. The shambles and market +are towards the east end. Although so small, it is governed by a corporation, +consisting of a mayor, bailiff, and ten aldermen, and twenty-two +burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, and other officers. Knit +hose are manufactured in this town. The church, occupying an eminence, +near the market-house, is a large and handsome gothic structure, in the +form of a cross. The cloth of the communion table is elegantly wrought +in silk, by Mrs. Abigail, who employed seven years in completing it. +This lady, and several of her family, have monuments in the church.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Feb 23, and March 25, for cattle, sheep,cheese, and toys.—<i>Mail</i> +arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.0 morning.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Axminster[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Lyme Regis</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>2719</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Axmouth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Colyton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sidmouth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>646</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Aycliffe-Great</td><td align='right'>to & p</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sedgfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>1564</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Aydon</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Aydon-Castle</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>29</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aylburton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Blakeney</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Coleford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>388</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Aylesbear</td><td align='right'>to&pa </td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Ottery, St.M.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Sidmouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>1025</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury[B]</td><td align='right'>bo. m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Wendover</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>4907</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] AXMINSTER is very irregularly built, and the houses are inelegant, +but the air of the town is reckoned highly salubrious. The petty sessions +of the hundred of Axminster are held here. The lower orders are mostly +employed in manufacturing carpets, leather breeches, gloves, &c. The + + +<span class="sidenote">Trade.</span> + + +manner of weaving carpets here is different from that pursued at most +other places; the carpets being woven in the piece, and several hands employed +at the same loom. The common patterns are flowers, roses, &c., +though the Turkey and Persian carpets have been imitated with success. +In many large pieces Roman tesselated pavements have been copied, which +have produced a very rich effect. The tunnel between Charmouth and +was opened in the month of January, 1832. This improvement +is substantially constructed with an elliptic arch, capable of allowing two +stage waggons of the largest size to pass on it, and is rather more than + + +<span class="sidenote">A remarkable +tunnel +through a +lofty hill.</span> + + +seventy yards in length. By the completion of this tunnel the longest +and steepest hill between London and Exeter is avoided. A gentleman +who visited the tunnel during the height of the ensuing summer, remarked +the astonishing coolness which he felt within this hill's enclosed +semi-cylinder; no sooner, however, had he left it, than he fainted from +the difference of temperature between this subterraneous passage and that +of the open air.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>. Saturday—<i>Fairs</i>, St. Marks Day; April 30; Wednesday after June 24; Wednesday +after Oct 10.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 1.20 afternoon; departs 12.51 afternoon.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] AYLESBURY. The Æglesbury of the Saxons, is a considerable +market town, situated near the centre of the county, rising gradually on +all sides in a rich and extensive tract, denominating the "Vale of Aylesbury." +Drayton in his Poly-Albion has the following lines descriptive +of this celebrated vale:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Aylesbury's vale that walloweth in her wealth,<br /> +And (by her wholesome air continually in health)<br /> +Is lusty, firm, and fat; and holds her youthful strength.<br /> +</p> + +<p>This was originally a strong British town, which maintained its independence +till the year 571, when it was reduced by the West Saxons. In the +year 600, it became famous as the burial place of St. Osyth, who was + + +<span class="sidenote">St. Osyth.</span> + + +born at Quarrendon, two miles distance, and beheaded in Essex by the +Pagans. Her relics were interred in this church, and are said to have +performed many miracles; a religious house was founded in honour of +William the Conqueror, who parcelled it out under the singular tenure:—that + + +<span class="sidenote">Singular +tenure of +this manor.</span> + + +the tenants should find litter or straw for the king's bedchamber +three times a year, if he came that way so often, and provide him with +three eels in winter, and three green geese in summer. In the reign of +Henry VIII., the manor was sold by Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wilts, +father of Queen Anne Boleyn, to Sir John Baldwin, whose daughter took +it in marriage to Robert Pakington, who was murdered in the year 1537, +on account of his zeal for the reformed religion. It continued in this +family till the year 1801, when it was sold by Sir John Pakington, Bart., +to the Marquis of Buckingham. How completely the manor and the town +itself were in the possession of the Pakington family, will appear from the +following remarkable letter preserved in the Chapel of the Rolls, among +the returns of Parliament writs of the fourteenth of Queen Elizabeth:—"To +all Christian people, to whom this present writing shall come: I, + + +<span class="sidenote">Remarkable +Parliamentary +writ.</span> + + +Dorothy Pakington, late wife of Sir John Pakington, lord and owner of +the town of Aylesbury, send greeting. Know ye me, the said Dorothy +Pakington, to have chosen, named, and appointed my trusty and well-beloved +Thomas Litchfield, and George Burden, Esqrs., to be my burgesses +of my said town of Aylesbury; and whatever the said Thomas +and George, burgesses, shall do in the service of the Queen's Highness in +the Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the 8th of May next ensuing +the date hereof, I the same Dorothy Pakington do ratify and +approve to be of my own act as fully and wholly as if I were witness or +present there. In witness whereof, to these presents, I have set my seal, +this 4th day of May, in the 14th year of the reign of my Sovereign Lady +Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland, Queen, +&c." Aylesbury was made a borough town by a charter of Queen Mary, +in 1554. The Reform Bill has made no alteration in the number of members. +The electors are those of the old constituency, consisting of freeholders +of the hundred, and house-keepers not receiving alms; the +freeholders of the hundred are estimated at 838; and the ten pound +householders at 314; total 1152. The limits of the borough are unaltered, +and the returning officers are the constables of the borough. The town is also +one of the polling places for this county, which now returns three members. +The county gaol is still at Aylesbury, but the Summer Assizes were restored +to Buckingham, through the exertions of Lord Cobham and the Grenville +family in the year 1758. The only manufacture at Aylesbury is that of +lace-making: the weekly market is a very plentiful one for provision, and +much business is done here at the annual fairs.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday—<i>Fairs</i>, Friday after Jan. 18; Saturday before Palm Sunday; May 8; +June 14; September 25; October 12, for cattle. <i>Bankers</i>, Rickford and Son, draw on Praed's +and Co—<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.40 morning; departs 2.19 morning.—<i>Inns</i>, George, and White Hart.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aylesby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>G. Grimsby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Aylesford[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>1301</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Aylestone</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>758</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aylmerton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aylsham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>284</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] AYLESFORD is seated on the banks of the Medway, by which the +parish is divided. The church is so singularly situated, from being placed +on a rising ground, that persons in the churchyard can almost look down +the chimnies of the houses. The neighbourhood is famed as having been +the spot where, we are told by ancient historians, a sanguinary battle was + + +<span class="sidenote">The site of +a Saxon +battle.</span> + + +fought in 445, between the Britons and Saxons; the conflict having +taken place about five years after the first landing of the latter in Britain. +It appears from our chronicles that Vortimer, then monarch of this island, +having first defeated his enemies on the banks of the Darent, in Kent, +pursued their routed forces to Aylesford; at which place the Saxons had +passed to the eastern side of the Medway, where a most obstinate and +bloody battle took place between the contending armies, when the fate of +the day, having long remained undecided, at length terminated favourably +for the Britons. In that decisive affair, Horsa, brother of Hengist, the +Saxon chief, and Catigrinus, brother to King Vortimer, are said to have +contended hand to hand, when both died bravely upon the spot. Horsa, +if tradition may be credited, was interred about three miles north of Aylesford, +at a spot still bearing the name of Horsted; that is to say, "the +place of Horsa;" where, in the adjoining fields, large stones are still +dispersed over the soil; some in erect positions, while others, from lapse +of time, have been thrown down; being, there is little doubt, placed there +as memorials of the Saxon warriors slain in that famous encounter. +Prince Cartigrinus is supposed to have been inhumed still nearer the field +of slaughter, on the summit of an acclivity, about one mile north of Aylesford, +and a quarter of a mile west from the high road leading from Rochester +to Maidstone; at which place, Kitt's Cotty House still stands, as + + +<span class="sidenote">Kitt's Cotty +House.</span> + + +represented in our engraving. This memorial consists of four large stones, +of the pebble kind, two placed in the ground, being partly upright, forming +two sides, a third standing in the middle between them, while the fourth, +being the largest, is laid transversely over them, thus forming a covering. +None of these stones bear the imprint of the chisel, or any sign whatsoever +of manual labour. Alfred and Edmund Ironside defeated the Danes in +this vicinity. Sir Charles Sedley, of poetical and dissolute notoriety, was +a native of this place; as was also Sir Paul Rycaut, the celebrated eastern +traveller.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aylsham[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>2334</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aylton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aymestery</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>1006</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aynho[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>664</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Ayott, St. Lawrence</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Welwyn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Luton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>134</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Ayott, St. Peter</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='right'>271</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aysgarth</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>5796</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Ayston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Okeham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton East</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>N. Malton</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Whitby</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>256</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton Great</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Stokesley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Guisboro'</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>1105</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton Little</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>68</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Azerley, or Cozenley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Masham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>579</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] AYLSHAM is situated on the southern side of the river Brue, which +is navigable hence to Yarmouth, for barges of about 13 tons burthen. +Aylsham during the reigns of Edward II. and III., was the chief town in +this part of the kingdom for the linen manufacture; but in succeeding + + +<span class="sidenote">Trade.</span> + + +reigns, that business was superseded by the woollen manufacture; and +in the time of James I., the inhabitants were principally employed in +knitting worsted stockings, breeches, and waistcoat pieces. Since the introduction +of frame knitting, that trade has also been lost; the town is +governed by a bailiff. Aylsham church is said to have been erected by +John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the court of which duchy was at one +period held here. There is a spa in the neighbourhood, the water of +which has obtained considerable reputation for its medicinal properties in +chronic disorders.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 23; last Tuesday in September for lean cattle, ordinary +horses, and pedlary; and October 6, for cattle.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.30 afternoon; departs 2.0 +afternoon.—<i>Bankers</i>, Copeman and Co., draw upon Hankey and Co.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] AYNHO is a large and respectable village seated on a rock, below +which issues a powerful spring of water, called the Town Well, which + + +<span class="sidenote">Town Well.</span> + + +after running through the vale below, contributes to the supply of the +Charwell. The church contains numerous monuments, several of which +belong to the Cartwright family, who have long been in possession of the +manor, and whose descendant R.W. Cartwright, Esq., has a handsome +seat, the interior of which is adorned with a fine collection of paintings. +An hospital was founded here for poor and sick travellers. The building +is still standing, but is now occupied as a private house.</p> + + + + +<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" summary="rivers" rules='cols'> +<tr><td colspan='6' align='center'><b><span class='u'>RIVERS.</span></b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><span class='u'>Name.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Rises.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Falls.</span></td> +<td align='center'><span class='u'>Name.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Rises.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Falls.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Aire[A]</td><td align='left'>Yorkshire</td><td align='left'>Ouse.</td> +<td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='left'>Herefordsh</td><td align='left'>Lug</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Alan</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>St. George's Channel.</td> +<td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='left'>Worcestersh</td><td align='left'>Avon.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ald</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Sea near Aldborough.</td> +<td align='left'>Arth</td><td align='left'>Cardigansh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Alder</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Sea at Shoreham</td> +<td align='left'>Artro</td><td align='left'>Merionethsh</td><td align='left'>Landeber.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Allen</td><td align='left'>Dorsetshire</td><td align='left'>Stour</td> +<td align='left'>Arun</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Sea.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Allen</td><td align='left'>Flintshire</td> +<td align='left'>Astery</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Sea.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Allow, East</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Tyne.</td> +<td align='left'>Atree</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Tamer.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Allow, West</td><td align='left'>Northum</td><td align='left'>Tyne.</td> +<td align='left'>Aune</td><td align='left'>Devonshire</td><td align='left'>Sea.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Allow, West</td><td align='left'>Anglesea</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea</td> +<td align='left'>Avon Upper[D]</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Alne[B]</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Tyne.</td> +<td align='left'>Avon Lower[E]</td><td align='left'>Wiltshire</td><td align='left'>English Channel.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Alt</td><td align='left'>Lancashire</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea</td> +<td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='left'>Glamorgansh</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Amond</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Lougher</td> +<td align='left'>Avon, West</td><td align='left'>Goucestersh</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ancholme[C]</td><td align='left'>Lincolnshire</td><td align='left'>Humber.</td> +<td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='left'>Monmouthsh</td><td align='left'>Uske.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ande</td><td align='left'>Hants</td> +<td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='left'>Merionethsh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Angel</td><td align='left'>Montgom</td><td align='left'>Dovey.</td> +<td align='left'>Axe</td><td align='left'>Dorsetshire</td><td align='left'>British Channel.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ankham</td><td align='left'>Lincolnshire</td><td align='left'>Humber.</td> +<td align='left'>Axe</td><td align='left'>Somersetsh</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Anker</td><td align='left'>Leicestersh</td><td align='left'>Tame.</td> +<td align='left'>Ayron</td><td align='left'>Cardigansh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea.</td> +</tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Annisor</td><td align='left'>Pembrokesh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] AIRE, (The) rises from a small lake on the moors of Yorkshire, +north-east from Settle, descending through Aire-dale and Craven in its +course to the south-east, which it pursues as far as Leeds, where, turning +eastward, and meeting the Calder, it passes under Ferrybridge, flowing +through the flattest portion of Yorkshire; and receiving the Don, a little + + +<span class="sidenote">Booth +Ferry.</span> + + +north of Snaith, it unites with the Ouse above Booth Ferry, near Howden. +This river is of greater extent than the Calder, and much its superior in +navigation, being also joined by numerous canals from the west. Its +origin is almost mountainous, in the midst of the wildest moors; and +Aire-dale retains much of the same characteristic features of that line of +country. The district of Craven is singularly romantic, being a rich +vale, bounded by high hills, with the town of Skipton in its centre; below +which it forms a beautiful valley to Keighley, full of trade and population; + + +<span class="sidenote">Kirkstall +Abbey.</span> + + +the Aire passes the picturesque ruin of Kirkstall Abbey, in its way to Leeds, +the manufactories and villas of which flourishing place, and its vicinity, +encompass its banks; after which it divides one of the richest plains in +the kingdom to Ferrybridge, not far from the eminence where the town of +Pontefract appears a conspicuous object, with its ruined castle and ancient +church. Afterwards the Aire can boast little of beauty, as it advances +through a level district to join the Ouse.</p> + + + + +<p>[B] ALNE, (The) is a small river which rises on the border of Roxburgshire, +but within the limits of Northumberland, and a little north of the +source of the Coquet. The great and attractive objects which grace its +borders are placed in the far-extended territory of the Duke of Northumberland, + + +<span class="sidenote">Brisley +Tower.</span> + + +at the entrance to which the lofty building, called Brisley Tower, +thickly environed by plantations, overlooks all the wild country of Northumberland, +including the bold range of Cheviot-hills on the north-west, +close to the Scottish border. The Alne then enters a charming valley, +beneath the ivied walls of Hulne Abbey, winding delightfully between +lawns, woods, and groupes of trees and cottages, admirably disposed. +From these monastic and rustic recesses, the river emerges into a spacious +park, widened considerably by art, and gliding through the arches of a fine + + +<span class="sidenote">Alnwick +Castle.</span> + + +Castellan bridge, is proudly overlooked by the numerous towers, and lofty +citadel of Alnwick Castle, the superb seat of the Northumberland family.</p> + + +<p>[C] ANCHOLME. This small river, rising in the wolds of Lincolnshire, +not far from Market Raisin, is navigable from Glandford Bridge to the +Humber, and in its course intersecting the extensive tract of the Wolds, +which stretches out from Lincoln northward to Barton, and forms a +ridge across some intermediate valleys, terminates in the fens near Spilsby +Louth. Brocklesby Park, in the extensive domains of Lord Yarborough, +occupies the centre of this district, on the highest point of which his +lordship has built a superb chapel and mausoleum, in a very excellent +Grecian taste, adorned with appropriate statues and marbles, from Italy. +This building, from its position, commands the whole surrounding country, +with the port of Hull, across the Humber; forming also a sea-mark, and +an interesting object, admirable for the elegance of its design and execution. +Thornton College is a curious remnant of antiquity in this neighbourhood, +founded in the reign of King Stephen; great part of which is +yet preserved, with some modern additions.</p> + + +<p>[D] AVON, (The Upper) rising in Northamptonshire, on the borders of +Leicestershire, adds great beauty to the delightful territory of Warwick +Castle, as it flows beneath the cliff on which those lofty towers projecting + + +<span class="sidenote">Warwick +Castle.</span> + + +before the town and church are situated. It then glides through a +charming country to Stratford-on-Avon, celebrated as the birth-place +of Shakspeare, and where the remains of the immortal bard are deposited. +From thence it traverses the great level of Worcestershire by Evesham, +having received the lesser Stour at Stratford, and turning to the South at +Pershore, meets the Severn at the flourishing town of Tewksbury.</p> + + +<p>[E] AVON (The Lower) rises in the hilly district of North Wiltshire, +bordering on Gloucestershire, not far from Wootton Basset; its source is +near that of the great river Thames, and both are said to have their origin +from various springs, not accurately defined. Emerging from the hills, it +makes a compass to fall into the vale leading from Christian Malford + + +<span class="sidenote">Bath.</span> + + +to Chippenham, advancing through the cloathing district of Wiltshire, +bordering upon that of Somersetshire, and for a considerable extent +divides those counties. Its course is at first southward, making a long +compass by the west towards the north, and then to the west; at last, +encircling the city of Bath on two sides, from whence it pursues nearly +the same direction, with frequent meanders to Bristol. It then inclines to +the north-west, as it conveys the abundant trade of that opulent city to +the Severn, by its conflux constituting the Bristol Channel at King's-road.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>B.</h2> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Babcary</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Castle-Cary</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>453</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Babingley,[A] or Baburghley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cas. Rising</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Heacham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>38</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Babington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Shepton Mal.</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Babraham[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Linton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BABINGLEY. In this parish, the first Christian church in East +Anglia is said to have been built. Several hills in the vicinity, called +Christian Hills, render the opinion highly probable. The village is +situated near that part of the Lincolnshire wash called Lynn Deeps.</p> + + +<p>[B] BABRAHAM, anciently Badburham, is situated in the hundred of Chilford. +This place, which was one of the manors of Algar, Earl of Mercia, +at the time of the Norman survey, formerly had a market on Mondays. +About the year 1576, the whole manorial property in the parish fell into +the possession of Sir Horatio Palavicini, a Genoese. According to the + + +<span class="sidenote">Singular +anecdote of +the Pope's +Tax-gatherer.</span> + + +tradition of the neighbourhood, this gentleman was collector of the Pope's +taxes in England, in the reign of Queen Mary, on whose death, and the +consequent change in religion under Elizabeth, he (like the Vicar of Bray,) +changed his faith, converted the Pope's money to his own use, and settled +in this country. The following whimsical epitaph relates to this occurrence: +it is printed in "Lord Orford's Anecdotes of Painting"—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"Here lyes Horatio Palavazine,<br /> +Who robbed the Pope to lend the Queen.<br /> +He was a thief—a thief? Thou lyest:<br /> +For what! he robb'd but Antichrist,<br /> +Him death with besome swept from Bab'ram.<br /> +Into the bosom of ould Abraham:<br /> +But then came Hercules with his club,<br /> +And struck him down to Belzebub." +</p> + +<p>Sir Horatio was in great favour with Queen Elizabeth. He was naturalised, + + +<span class="sidenote">The Queen's +favorite.</span> + + +by patent, in 1516, and commanded one of the English men-of-war +in the great battle with the Spanish Armada, in 1588; and he was +employed by the Queen, in her negotiations with the German Princes: +he died at his seat, in this parish, on the 6th of July, 1600. It appears +by the register kept in the church, that his children were baptized and +buried here: it is also recorded, that the marriage of Sir Horatio's widow +with Sir Oliver Cromwell, the Protector's uncle, took place exactly a +year and a day after her husband's decease. The poor of this parish are +partly maintained by a bequest of £97. a year, expended under certain +restrictions imposed by the donor. Here is an alms-house, and a free +school, founded by Levinus Bush, Esq., and his sister, Mrs. Judith +Bennet; and the yearly sum of £25. is appropriated to the apprenticing +of children.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Babworth[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>East Retford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>449</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Bacheldre, or Bacheldref</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Bis. Castle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Welshpool</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bachymbyd</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Ruthin</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Bach-Yrys, or Machunis</td><td align='right'>Isle</td><td align='left'>Caermarth</td><td align='left'>Llanelly</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lougher</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pont ar Dulas</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Backford</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Park Gate</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>487</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Backwell, or Bachwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pensford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>1038</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Backworth, or Blackworth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>N. Shields</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>281</td><td align='right'>243</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Baconsthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aylsham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bacop</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Haslingden</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Bacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Llanthony A</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>178</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Worsted</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>498</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Stourmarket</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Botesdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>758</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BABWORTH. The hall is the seat of the Hon. J.B. Simpson; it +a plain white-fronted edifice, the surrounding grounds which are +very beautiful, were laid out by the celebrated Repton. Babworth church +is a neat gothic building, with a small steeple; it is worthy of remark, + + +<span class="sidenote">Trees grow +out of the +roof of the +church.</span> + + +that there are two trees growing out of the roof of the south porch. Near +this village the ground begins to rise, and displays the most enchanting +scenery of woods, lawns, glades, heaths, cultivated farms, and ornamental +seats. The late Paul Sandby, Esq., R.A., who died on the 8th of November, +1809, was descended from a branch of the Sandby family, of Babworth, +and was born at Nottingham, in 1732. In 1746 he went to London, +and having an early bias towards the arts, he got introduced into +the drawing room of the Tower. After two years he was appointed +draughtsman, under the inspection of Mr. David Watson, who was employed + + +<span class="sidenote">Paul Sandby, +Esq.</span> + + +by the late Duke of Cumberland to take a survey of the Highlands. +During this excursion he made several sketches from the terrific scenery of +that romantic country, from which he afterwards made a number of small +etchings, which were published in a folio volume. From this circumstance, +perhaps, we may account for the bold and striking style by which the +paintings of this excellent artist are so peculiarly distinguished. In 1752, +he quitted this employment and resided with his brother at Windsor. +Several of the most beautiful views in the neighbourhood of Windsor and +Eton, now became the subject of his pencil; here also he obtained that +skill in depicting gothic architecture which gave so beautiful an effect to +those landscapes that Sir Joseph Banks purchased them all at a very +liberal price. Mr. Sandby published several prints in ridicule of the inimitable +Hogarth's "Analysis of Beauty," but he afterwards declared, +that had he known the merits of that exquisite painter at the time, he + + +<span class="sidenote">Sandby the +painter.</span> + + +should not have dared to depreciate them. On the institution of "the +Royal Academy," he was elected one of the Academicians. He was afterwards +appointed chief drawing master of the Royal Academy at Woolwich, +and held the office with honour and credit to the day of his death.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Badby[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>583</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-Clinton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Henley in A.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-Ensor</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>568</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Romsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Southampton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-South[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Lymington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beaulieu</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Baddiley[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>267</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Baddington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>132</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Baddow (Great)[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'>1719</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BADBY. This extensive village is situated on the brow of a hill, in +the large uninclosed district of Badby-Down. Here are numerous springs, + + +<span class="sidenote">Quarries.</span> + + +and several quarries of flag-stone, which, from its excellence, is very extensively +employed for the purposes of building and paving. On the +summit of Arbury Hill, in this parish, is a large encampment, which is +attributed to the Romans: the ramparts are very steep, and the whole is +encompassed by a very wide and deep foss.</p> + + +<p>[B] BADDESLEY. This village was celebrated a short time ago for a +singular tree it contained, from which was frequently heard to issue groans +as though uttered by a person in acute agony. The tree was an elm, +young, vigorous, and to all appearance perfectly sound; and what is most +wonderful, naturalists could assign no physical reason for the phenomena. +Its fame spread far and wide; a pamphlet was written with an account of +it, and persons came miles to visit it. The tree, however, it would seem + + +<span class="sidenote">The groaning +tree.</span> + + +with the fickleness attendant too often upon those who have gained celebrity, +would not always groan, yet no cause could be assigned for its +temporary cessations, either from seasons or weather. Many superstitious +tales were raised by the country people and alleged as reasons for +this singular occurrence; and for eighteen or twenty months it continued +an object of considerable interest; a gentleman of the name of Forbes, +making an experiment to discover its cause, by boring a hole in its trunk, +put a period to its agonies, it never groaned again. It was afterwards +rooted up with a further view to make a discovery, but in vain. It is universally +believed that there was no trick in the affair, but that some natural +cause really existed, though never understood.</p> + + + +<p>[C] BADDILEY. A parish in the hundred of Nantwich. This place is +principally remarkable for its church, standing on a small green surrounded +by farm buildings. It consists of a small nave and chancel, and was constructed +entirely of English oak; it is of the most remote antiquity, and +presented a most unique specimen of ecclesiastical buildings of timber, +previous to the introduction of stone; the upright timbers being much + + +<span class="sidenote">An oaken +church.</span> + + +decayed were cased with brick in 1811, it having stood so many centuries +that it was in danger of falling; the roof and ceiling are still in fine preservation. +In the chancel are remains of some ancient stalls, and two +elegant marble monuments, erected to the Mainwaring family, who were +lords of the manor. Baddiley Hall, the former residence of this family, +was a very old irregular building of timber and plaister, but has been +lately pulled down.</p> + + + +<p>[D] BADDOW. (Great). This extensive, populous, and genteel village, +from its peculiarly delightful situation, has become the residence of a considerable +number of highly respectable families. Previous to the conquest, +the manor was part of the possessions of Algar, Earl of Mercia. In consequence, +however, of the rebellion of his son and successor, Earl Eadwine, +who was slain in battle, this lordship, with other estates, was granted +by King William to the monastery of the Holy Trinity at Caen, in +Normandy. In the reign of Henry I., the crown was again possessed of +it, and about the same period, the Earls of Gloucester became its proprietors; +from which time, after having been vested in many noble +families, it is now in the possession of the family of Houblon. Two +chauntries of some value were formerly in the church.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Baddow, Little[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>548</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Badger</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Shifnal</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>142</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badgington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>167</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badgworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Painswick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>859</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Badgworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>352</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Badingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Halesworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Saxmundham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>91</td><td align='right'>866</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Badlesmere[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Faversham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Charing</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>135</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Badley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badminton, Great[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>529</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BADDOW, (Little). The church at this place contains a rich and +splendid monument to the memory of Sir Henry Mildmay, Knight, who + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir Henry +Mildmay.</span> + + +died in October, 1639. He is represented in a full suit of armour, reposing +under a dome, which rests upon black marble pillars; two female +figures kneel at his feet; the one elderly, and dressed in a scarf and hood, +the other young, and magnificently attired in the fashion of the time. +The head of the knight is supported by a pillow. From a latin inscription +upon an oval tablet, we learn that Sir Henry having served as a soldier in +the Irish wars, was for his gallantry knighted in the field. The carved +effigies of two female figures, said by tradition to have been sisters and +founders of this church, occupy recesses in the south wall of the centre +aisle. Upon examining the two graves in which it was supposed that + + +<span class="sidenote">Skeletons +found.</span> + + +the corpses of the persons whose figures stood in the niches were interred, +in one of them were found three skeletons, and two in the other, but +without the slightest vestige of wood, linen, coffin, or any other covering +to the bodies. In the year 1817, Edward Bullin, Esq., bequeathed 196 +acres of land, and a wood containing thirty-six acres, for the purpose of +clothing and educating the children in this parish and that of Boreham.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BADLESMERE. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, lord of the manor in +the reign of Edward the Second, obtained a license for founding a house +of regular canons in this place. The church is a small and very plain + + +<span class="sidenote">Curious +carvings in +wood.</span> + + +Saxon structure. In the porch are the fronts of two ancient wooden +seats, carved in high relief; one represents a shield, on which are the +star, ribbon, and motto of the order of the garter: on the other are some +Scriptural sentences, relative to the Holy Trinity, in four circles, united +by bands; so that the words Pater, Filius, Spisces and Deus, though only +once repeated in the circles, form a part of every sentence.</p> + + + +<p>[C] BADMINTON, (Great) has been the seat of the ducal family of Beaufort, +ever since the demolition of Ragland Castle, in the civil wars. Badminton + + +<span class="sidenote">Duke of +Beaufort's +seat.</span> + + +House, the family residence of the duke, is situated in a noble +park nearly nine miles in circumference, through which various avenues +have been formed. It was erected by the first duke of Beaufort in the +year 1682. It is a very extensive building, on the French model. In the +hall is a large sarcophagus of Roman sculpture, representing a bacchanalian +procession; this was given to the third duke of Beaufort, by Cardinal +Alberoni. By that distinguished prelate, who died in 1745, many +curious and original paintings were procured during his residence in Italy; +among them is a Holy Family, by Raphael; and several by Guido and +Carlo Dolci are much esteemed. He also purchased the very singular and +finely painted satirical picture by Salvator Rosa, for which that artist was +expelled Rome. "The Sovereigns of the different nations are here depicted +by different animals, as an eagle, a wolf, a sheep, a hog, a fox, a cow, and +an ass; the latter has the pontifical pall thrown over him, and the blind +goddess, Fortune, is represented showering her gifts over the whole group." +Some excellent landscapes, by the Italian masters, are also preserved here; + + +<span class="sidenote">Fine +paintings.</span> + + +and a very fine series of fourteen portraits, of the Beauforts, from John of +Gaunt, from whom they trace their genealogy. Badminton church is an +elegant structure; it was built by the late duke in 1785, and contains +many monuments of the Beaufort family.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badminton, Little</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>116</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Badsey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Badshot</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Frimley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Badsworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>782</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Badwell-Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bagborough-West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Watchet</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>453</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bagby</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>220</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Baggrave</td><td align='right'>lib</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>16</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baginton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Rugby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>257</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Baglan[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aberavon</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Swansea</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>410</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BAGINTON. The Hall, a seat of a descendant of the Bromley +family, who purchased the estate in the reign of James I., was built by +secretary Bromley. This gentleman, one of the most honest and able +servants of Queen Anne, was Speaker of the House of Commons. In +proof of the high estimation in which he was held, it is necessary only to +cite a memorable circumstance relative to the residence under notice. In + + +<span class="sidenote">Once destroyed +by fire.</span> + + +1706, the family seat at Baginton was reduced to the ground by fire. +Intelligence of this calamity was conveyed to the owner while attending +his duty in the House of Commons, and a considerable sum was immediately +voted by parliament towards a restoration of the structure. Here +is barely to be traced the site of the castellated residence of Sir William +Bagot, a firm adherent of Richard II., at which the Duke of Hereford, +afterwards Henry IV., lodged the night previous to his projected personal +contest with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, in the presence of the +King on Gosford Green, where the lists were formed; the scene is admirably +described by Shakespeare.</p> + + + + +<p>[B] BAGLAN is a parish in the hundred of Neath. The village is of the +most romantic beauty, and the scenery in the neighbourhood is of a +delightful character. Near this place is Britton Ferry, which is interesting, +not only on account of its sylvan fascinations, but as being the domain +of Lord Jersey, whose extensive plantations spread over several bold hills + + +<span class="sidenote">Lord Jersey's +seat.</span> + + +westward of the Neath river, a stream which here emerges in a fine sweep, +between woody banks, partly broken into cliffs and at a short distance +descends into the sea. "From a delightful shady walk over the +stream, we branched off," says Mr. Barber, "into an 'alley green,' +which led us up a steep hill, covered with large trees, and tangled underwood; +the ascent was judiciously traced, where several bare crags, +projecting from the soil, formed an opposite contrast to the luxuriant verdure +which prevailed around. On gaining the summit, the charms of +Britton Ferry disclosed themselves in 'an ample theatre of sylvan grace,' +of more than common beauty: beyond which, the Bristol Channel, + + +<span class="sidenote">Britton +Ferry.</span> + + +bounded by the aerial tint of its opposite coast, formed the distance. +From this roaming prospect, however, the eye gladly returned to gaze on +the local beauties of the scene, the tufted knoll, the dark glade, and the +majestic river." The mansion is a very ordinary building; the house is +low having two wings, with attic windows in the roof, ornamented with +a bullustraded parapet. The neat simplicity of the hamlet deserves remark; +perhaps the church is unrivalled, both for its picturesque situation, +and moral interest. The custom of planting evergreens over the remains + + +<span class="sidenote">Planting +evergreens +over graves.</span> + + +of departed friends, and bedecking them with flowers at certain seasons of +the year, is here attended to with peculiar care; and to this pleasing +tribute of tenderness and affection the "Bard of Avon" refers in the +following beautiful lines:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"With fairest flowers while summer lasts,<br /> +I'll sweeten thy sad grave, thou shalt not lack<br /> +The flower that's like thy face, pale primrose: nor<br /> +The azured harebell, like thy veins: no, nor<br /> +The leaf of eglantine, whom not to slander,<br /> +Out-sweetened not thy breath." +</p> + +<p>David Ap Gwillym also beautifully alludes to this practice: "Oh, while +thy season of flowers, and thy tender sprays thick of leaves remain, I +will pluck the roses from the brakes, the flowers from the meads, the vivid +trefoils, beauties of the ground, and the gaily smiling bloom of the verdant +herbs, humbly will I lay them on the grave of Ivor!" This part of Wales +is so mild in its climate, that myrtles, magnolias, and other tender exotics, +grow luxuriantly in the open air. Near Baglan is a well with medicinal +properties, but many superstitious notices are associated with its use in +the neighbourhood.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Aberavon, 2 miles distant, 6 evening; departs, 7.30 morning.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bagley Wood</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cumnor</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>21</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bagnall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>306</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bagnor</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lambourn</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>594</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Bagshot[A]</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Staines</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Blackwater</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Windsor</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>1912</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bagthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>73</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Baguley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>468</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Bagworth</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>328</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Baildon[B]</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Keighley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>3041</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bailey</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Clithero</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BAGSHOT is a village on the great western road, in the parish of +Windlesham, and hundred of Woking. Bagshot heath derives its name +from this village; it is one of the most extensive wastes in the kingdom, +and was formerly the scene of many highway robberies. Its appearance +is extremely desolate, but it is useful in supplying the inhabitants with +fuel, and feeds a great number of sheep, the mutton of which is excellent; +but like other animals fed on a similar pasture, the sheep are small. On the +edge of the heath are several noblemen's seats. Among which, Hall Grove, +the residence of Mrs. Birt; Chobham Place, S. Thornton, Esq.; South +Hill Park, the Earl of Limerick; and Easthampstead Park, the seat of the +Marquis of Downshire; are deserving the notice of the curious traveller. + + +<span class="sidenote">Bagshot +heath.</span> + + +Bagshot Park to the north of the village, was once the seat of his late Majesty +George IV. when Prince of Wales; after which time it was inhabited +by the late Duke of Gloucester, (brother-in-law of his present Majesty) +until the day of his decease, which occurred on the 30th of November, +1834, in the 58th year of his age; his remains were interred in St. +George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on the 11th of the following month. +Bagshot was formerly a lordship of the kings of England, and was much +resorted to by James I., and Charles I., to enjoy the pleasures of the +chace.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 10.14 night; departs 3.28 morning—<i>Inns</i>, King's Arms, and White Hart.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] BAILDON is in the parish of Otley and wapentake of Skyrack, +and is situated on the river Aire. The inhabitants are principally engaged +in trade and manufactures. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes +within a mile and a half from this place.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, first Saturday in March and November, for horses, horned cattle &c.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bailie</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bewcastle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>312</td><td align='right'>454</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bainbridge</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hawes</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>831</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Bainton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>171</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bainton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Aynhoe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>27</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bainton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>G. Driffield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Weighton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bakewell[A]</td><td align='right'>mt & pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>9503</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BAKEWELL. This ancient market town, in which the petty sessions +for the High Peak are holden, is situated on the western bank of the river +Wye. Of late years, the market has dwindled into insignificance, but the +parish is the most extensive in Derbyshire; its length is more than 20 +miles, and its breadth upwards of eight. The pasturage in this neighbourhood +is remarkably good. The town was anciently called Bath-quelle; +it appears to have derived its name from its Bath-well, the immediate +site of which has been for many years occupied by a collector of +minerals and fossils for private cabinets. From the circumstance of a +Roman altar, and other antiquities having been discovered here, there can +be but little doubt that Bakewell was a place of some note in the time of +the Romans. At the Conquest, Bakewell had two priests and a church. +The manor then belonged to William Peverell, ancestor of the Peveril celebrated + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Peverils of +the Peak.</span> + + +in the admirable romance by Sir Walter Scott, styled "Peveril +of the Peak." Bakewell church is an ancient structure, with a lofty +spire. Near the entrance of the town, from Ashford, is a mill, for the +carding, roving, doubling, spinning, and twisting of cotton, in which +some hundreds of persons of both sexes are employed; the mill was +erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, the founder of the cotton + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir Richard +Arkwright.</span> + + +trade in this neighbourhood. This distinguished character, whose perseverance +and admirable inventions raised him from one of the most +humble occupations in society—that of a barber—to affluence and honour, +was the youngest of thirteen children, and was born in the year 1732, at +Preston, in Lancashire. A considerable manufacture of linen goods, and +of linen and cotton mixed, was then carried on in that neighbourhood, +and Mr. Arkwright had an opportunity of becoming intimately acquainted +with the various operations; and being a man of superior powers, he +directed his thoughts to the improvement of the mode of spinning, which +had probably been conducted for ages without thought of change. The +first hint respecting the means of effecting this improvement, he said, he +accidentally received from seeing a red hot iron bar elongated, by being +passed between iron cylinders. The difficulties which he experienced +before he could bring his machine into use, even after its construction +was sufficiently complete to demonstrate its value, would, perhaps, have +for ever retarded its completion, had his genius and application been less +ardent. His pecuniary means were not such as to enable him to commence +business on his own account, and few were willing to incur the necessary +risk. At length, however, he secured the co-operation of some persons +who saw the merits of the invention, and were willing to assist his endeavours, +and he obtained his first patent for spinning by means of rollers +in the year 1769. To avoid the inconvenience of establishing a manufacture + + +<span class="sidenote">Cotton +mills.</span> + + +of this kind at the great seat of the cotton manufacture, as it then +existed, he removed to Nottingham, when, in conjunction with his +partners, he erected his first mill, which was worked by horses. This +mode being found too expensive, another mill on a larger scale was erected +at Cromford, the machinery of which was put in motion by water. Mr. +Arkwright soon effected many improvements in the mode of preparing the +cotton for spinning, and invented a variety of ingenious machines for that +purpose, in the most correct and expeditious manner, for all which he +obtained a patent in the year 1775, and thus completed a series of machinery +so various and complicated, yet so admirably combined as to +excite universal approbation. That all this should have been accomplished +by a single man, without education, without mechanical knowledge, or +even mechanic's experience, is truly extraordinary; and is, perhaps, equal +to any known example of the wonderful powers of the human mind, when +steadily directed to one object. However, at the same time that he was +inventing or improving the machinery, he was engaged in various undertakings +which might have been thought incompatible with other pursuits. +He was taking measures to secure himself a fair proportion of the fruits of +his industry and ingenuity—he was greatly extending the business—he +was introducing into every department of the manufactory, a novel system +of industry, economy, order, and cleanliness; the whole of which he so +effectually accomplished, that his example may be regarded as the origin +of almost all similar improvements. During this entire period, he was +afflicted with a violent asthma, which sometimes threatened the immediate +termination of his existence; and for some time previously to his death, +he was rendered incapable of continuing his usual pursuits, by a complication +of diseases, which, at length, deprived him of life at the Rock +House, Cromford, on the 23d of August, 1792. The honour of Knighthood +was bestowed on him by George III., in December, 1786, when he +presented an address to that monarch. Dr. Thomas Denman, an eminent + + +<span class="sidenote">Dr. Thomas +Denman.</span> + + +physician, was born at this place in 1733; after the death of Dr. William +Hunter, he was considered as the most eminent man of his profession. +Towards the decline of his life he gradually relinquished the more laborious +parts of his profession to his son-in-law, Sir Richard Croft, and +became a consulting physician. His death, which was very sudden, took +place on the 26th of November, 1815. He left two daughters and a son, +the latter of whom, adopting the legal profession, is now Lord Chief +Justice of the Court of King's Bench.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Monday; Whit Monday; August 26; Monday after October +10; Monday after November 22, for cattle and horses,—<i>Inn</i>, Rutland Arms, allowed to +be one of the best Inns in the kingdom, and is much frequented by anglers during the summer +season.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.10 afternoon; departs 6.0 morning.</p></div> + + + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, first Saturday in March and November, for horses, horned cattle &c.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Bala[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Dolgelly</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Corven </td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'>195 </td><td align='right'> 1163</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BALA is situated at the outlet of the lake of the same name. It is a +clean and populous market town, consisting of one wide principal street, and +others crossing it at right angles. The houses are in general built very +low. The young women commonly go barefooted; they are however well +formed, and have little of the strong Welsh physiognomy. At this place is +carried on a great trade in woollen gloves and stockings. Just before the +entrance of the town is an artificial mount called "Tommen y Bala," (the +tumulus of Bala) which is supposed to be of Roman origin, and placed here +with a small castle on its summit to secure the pass towards the sea, which +is about twenty-five miles distant. Bala Lake, or Llyn Tegid, is a quarter + + +<span class="sidenote">The largest +lake in +Wales.</span> + + +of a mile south of the town; it is the largest lake in Wales, being about +four miles long, and in some places near a mile in breadth. At Bryn +Goleu, its depth is several fathoms. The scenery around is mountainous, +and it forms the principal attraction of the vicinity, yet it possesses none +of the grand discriminating traits of the lakes of Scotland or Ireland. +The overflowings of this lake are sometimes dreadful; but this only happens +when the winds rush from the mountains at the upper end. In +stormy weather, when swelled by torrents, the water is driven to the +height of eight or nine feet, covering great part of the vale of Edeirnion, +and almost threatening the town with destruction. In calm settled weather, +it has been so smooth as to be frozen over. The river Dee rises from +under Arran ben Llyn, the high mountain at the head of the lake; and +according to Giraldus Cambriensis, Drayton, and others, passes through +this immense body of water without deigning to intermix its waters, as +the Rhone is said to pass through the lake of Geneva, and the classic +Alpheus through the waters of the Adriatic. Hence it has been asserted, + + +<span class="sidenote">The lake +fisheries.</span> + + +that salmon are never found in the lake, or gwiniad in the river; it however +abounds with a variety of excellent fish, among which we may mention +pike, trout, perch, and eels. The fishery in the 13th century belonged +to the Abbey of Basingwerk; the whole property is vested at present in +Sir Watkyn Williams Wynne, Bart., who allows the fishermen to be occasionally +employed in attending fishing parties with a boat and nets, without +such privilege no person is allowed the use of nets; but angling is +freely permitted, and gentlemen as distant as from London visit this place +entirely for the sake of indulging in this amusement. Of the inns at Bala, +Mr. Hutton says, "although I have often only reposed one night at an +inn, yet from agreeable treatment and conversation, I found some regret +the next morning at parting; and though I saw the people but once, my +mind revolted at the idea of seeing them no more." The town of Bala is +governed by two bailiffs, and a common council, and the assizes are held +here and at Dolgelly alternately; it is likewise one of the polling places +for the county.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> Saturday—<i>Fairs</i>, May 14; July 10; Sep. 11 and 22; Oct. 24; and Nov. 8.—<i>Mail</i> +arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.0 afternoon.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Balby[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>420</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Balcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Cuckfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Horsham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>E. Grinstead</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>641</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BALBY. In this village George Fox, the founder of the Society of +Friends, or Quakers, held his first meetings. His father, who was a + + +<span class="sidenote">George Fox +the Quaker.</span> + + +weaver, gave him a very religious education; he was apprenticed to a +grazier, and much employed as a shepherd. From his earliest infancy he +displayed a tendency to enthusiasm, and no doubt his solitary employment +tended to confirm it. At the early age of nineteen he persuaded +himself that he was called to exercise his faculties, solely in the affairs of +religion. Forsaking his relations, he determined to devote himself to that +alone. Equipped in a leathern doublet, he wandered from place to place, +subsisting by the charity of those who received his doctrines. At length +he reached the metropolis, where, being discovered by his friends, he was +earnestly invited to return. This, however, he refused to do, and after +remaining with them a short time, he again betook himself to his itinerant +habits. He now walked abroad in retired places, fasting and studying +the Bible by day and night, and sometimes a hollow tree was his +habitation, book in hand, for a day together. In 1648, he publicly propagated +his opinions, commencing as public preacher at Manchester, +which place he frequently left to perambulate the adjacent towns, preaching +in the market-houses. About this time he began to adopt the manners +and habits which are peculiar to the society following his religious +opinions; nor was he free from the persecution which constantly follows +novelty, in any thing regarded as an innovation of a religious nature. At +Derby, the disciples of Fox were first denominated Quakers, from the + + +<span class="sidenote">His wanderings +and imprisonment.</span> + + +trembling delivery of their sentences, and their calls on the magistrates to +tremble before the Lord. In 1655, Fox was sent a prisoner to Cromwell, +who immediately liberated him upon ascertaining the peaceful nature of +his doctrines. He was, however, treated by the country magistracy with +great severity, from his frequently interrupting ministers, even during +divine service, and more than once the Protector, Oliver Cromwell, exerted +himself to obtain his freedom. A fast having been appointed on account +of the persecution of Protestants in foreign countries, he addressed a letter +to the heads and governors of the nation, descrying, in most forcible +terms, the impropriety of having recourse to severity of a similar nature at +home. Charles II. liberated him from prison in the year 1666, and from +that time they formally united as a "Society of Friends." Three years +afterwards he married the widow of Judge Fell, in the simple unostentatious +manner practised by the sect to the present day. His health, +however, was impaired by imprisonment and suffering, and he lived in a +more retired manner to the day of his death, which took place in the year +1690, in the 67th year of his age.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Baldersley[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'>267</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Balderston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>658</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Balderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>830</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Baldock[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.& pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>1704</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Baldon Marsh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wheatley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Baldon-Toot</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>272</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BALDERSLEY. Near this village is an extensive common, called +Hutton Conyers Moor, on which there is a rabbit-warren; the inhabitants +have a right of estray for their sheep on this moor, in conjunction with +some other townships, and each township has a shepherd. The lord's + + +<span class="sidenote">Right of +Common.</span> + + +shepherd has a pre-eminence of tending his sheep on every part of the +common; and wherever he herds the lord's sheep, the several other shepherds +are to give place to him, and give up what is termed their hofiong +place, so long as they are depastured thereon. The lord's court is held +on the first of January; the shepherds attend the court, and each do +fealty by bringing a large apple-pye and a two-penny sweet-cake; each pye +is divided into two parts, and distributed by the bailiff between the steward, +the tenant of the rabbit-warren, and the shepherds of the townships, reserving + + +<span class="sidenote">Singular +custom.</span> + + +a portion however for himself. Each pye contains about a peck +of flour, and the bailiff measures them with a rule to see that they are of +the proper dimensions; should they not be so he threatens to fine the +town; he, however, has to provide furmenty (a food made by boiling +wheat in milk) and mustard. The furmenty is put into an earthen pot, +and the top of the dish placed level with the ground, all persons present +are invited to partake; those who do not accept the invitation are deemed +disloyal to their lord. Every shepherd is compelled to bring a spoon with +him, and in cases of neglect, or wilful pleasantry, they are obliged to sup +the hot furmenty from the pot, and the bystanders not unfrequently +plunge the offenders head into the mixture, as a matter of diversion.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BALDOCK is situated between two hills, at the intersection of the +great north road, and the Roman Ikeneld street. It was formerly the +property of the Knights Templars, to whom Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, +gave the site; it was then called Baudoc: but some antiquarians, with +little reason, derive its name from Balbec, a city in Syria, from which +this order of knights was expelled by the Saracens. It principally consists +of one long ancient street. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a spacious +structure, and was built by the Knights Templars, and again partly +rebuilt in the early part of the fifteenth century. All the early portion of +this structure is of pure Roman architecture, and the latter of the florid +gothic. The steeple, which is octagonal, was rebuilt a few years ago. In +the church is a richly carved oaken screen, part of the ancient rood-loft, + + +<span class="sidenote">Sharks' +teeth found +in cutting +through a +hill.</span> + + +and a very curious font. In cutting through Baldock-hill, to form a new +road, a number of fossils, consisting of cornua ammonis, sharks' teeth, +&c., were discovered. There is a curious custom in this manor. When +the Steward holds his Court Leet, the bell tolls, to summons the copyhold +tenants together, to do their suit and service at dinner, to which every +baker sends a loaf of bread, and every victualler a flagon of ale or beer. +The object of this custom is intended for the Court Leet to examine the +measures, as well as to judge of the quality of the articles of food.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 7; last Thursday in May; August 5; October 2; December +11, for cheese, cattle, and household goods.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.31 morning, departs +2.16 morning.—<i>Bankers</i>, Williamson and Co., draw on Hoare and Co.—<i>Inn</i>, White Hart.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bale</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Walsingham </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>117 </td><td align='right'> 275</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Balham</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Clapham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Tooting</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Epsom</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Balke</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Balke-Holme</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Weighton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>107</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ballidon</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>108</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ballingdon</td><td align='right'>pa chap</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>283</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Ballingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>147</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Balne</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Balsall</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Solihul</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>1038</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Balscott</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chip Norton</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Balsham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Linton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>1074</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Balterley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Baltonsborough</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cas. Caray</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>675</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bambrough</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Holy Island</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>324</td><td align='right'>3949</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bambrough[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>324</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bamford</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>S. Middleton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Castleton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bamford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>1207</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bampton[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Tiverton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Morebath</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>1961</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bampton[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Witney</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>2514</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BAMBROUGH CASTLE is situated on the romantic coast of Northumberland, +near an obscure town of the same name; it stands upon a +triangular rock, high, rugged, and abrupt on the land side. But we leave +its description, which would be too lengthy, and turn rather to the account +of the benevolent institution founded in 1720, by Lord Crewe, Bishop of + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Bishop of +Durham.</span> + + +Durham, of which it is the seat. The keep of the castle is fitted up for +suffering seamen, and property which may have been rescued from the +fury of the ocean. Regulations were also adopted to prevent accidents on +the coast, and to alleviate misfortunes when they had occurred. A nine-pounder +placed at the bottom of the great tower, gives signals to ships in +distress; and in case of a wreck announces it to the Custom-house officers, +who hasten to prevent its being plundered. In addition to this, +during a storm, horsemen patrol the coast, and rewards are paid for the +earliest intelligence of vessels in distress. A flag is always hoisted when + + +<span class="sidenote">Noble +charity.</span> + + +any ship is seen in distress on the Fern Islands or Staples; or a rocket +thrown up at night, which gives notice to the fishermen of Holy Island, +who put off to the spot when no boat from the main can get over the +breakers. There has also been life-boats added to the establishment. +Within the walls of the castle are supported two free-schools, an infirmary, +thirty beds for shipwrecked sailors, and a granary, whence poor persons +are supplied with provision at the first price. There is also a library, the +books of which are circulated gratuitously for twenty miles round. This +philanthropic endowment has not been suffered to decay with the romance +of olden time, but the charitable intentions of the testator are fulfilled so as +to exhibit a lasting record of his active benevolence.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BAMPTON. A market town, situated near the little river Batherme, +which flows into the Exe at about one mile distance. Mr. Polwhele considers +that this was a Roman station, and here, probably, the Romans had +artificial hot-baths. A chalybeate spring in this neighbourhood is much +celebrated for its medicinal qualities. John de Bampton, a Carmelite, + + +<span class="sidenote">John de +Bampton.</span> + + +who was the first who publicly read Aristotle in Cambridge, was born +here: he died in 1391. The manufactures of the place are serges and +pottery.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Whit Tuesday, and last Thursday in October, for cattle.</p></div> + + + +<p>[C] BAMPTON. Here are some slight remains of an ancient castle, +supposed to have been erected in the reign of King John. The celebrated +poet, John Philips, the son of Dr. Stephen Philips, archdeacon + + +<span class="sidenote">John Philips +the poet.</span> + + +of Salop, was born in this town, on the 30th of December, 1676, +and after the preliminary process of juvenile education, was sent to +Winchester, where he was distinguished by the superiority of his exercises, +and at school endeared himself to all his companions and +superiors: it is related of him, that he seldom mingled in the play of other +boys, but retired to his chamber, and indulged in the study of the poets and +of the ancient and modern classics, particularly Milton. In 1694, he was +removed to Christchurch, Oxford, where he finished all his University +acquirements; but Milton—the immortal Milton—continued to be his +uninterrupted day dream: and he might have exclaimed in the language +of that poet, I will study the magnificence of thy etherial phantasy,</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"From morn till noon, from noon to dewey eve,<br /> +When Urania visits my nightly<br /> +Slumbers, or when morn purples the east." +</p> + +<p>It is said that there was not an allusion in "Paradise Lost," drawn from any +hint either in "Homer," or "Virgil," to which he could not immediately +refer. While at Oxford he was honoured with the friendship of Mr. Edmund +Smith, author of the Tragedy of "Phaedra and Hippolitus;" and also with + + +<span class="sidenote">Philips's +poetical +works.</span> + + +that of the most polite and favoured of the gentlemen in the University. +His first poem was published in 1703, entitled, "The Splendid Shilling," +which has the merit of an original design. His next poem, entitled +"Blenheim," which he wrote as a rival to Addison's poem on the same +subject, was published in 1705, and procured him the patronage of Mr. +Henry Saint John, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke. Independent of poetry, +Philips was an excellent botanist; in 1706 he produced his third +poem on "Cyder," founded on the model of Virgil's Georgics, a book not +only of entertainment but of science; and soon afterwards, a latin Ode, +"to Henry Saint John, Esq.," said to have been the poet's masterpiece. +"It is gay and elegant," says Dr. Johnson, "and exhibits several artful +accommodations of classic expressions to new purposes." At the time of +his illness, Philips was meditating a poem to be called "The Last Day;" +death put an end to so solemn and majestic a finale of genius. He died +at Hereford, of a lingering consumption, February 15, 1708, in the thirty-third +year of his age, and was buried in the cathedral of that city. Sir +Simon Harcourt, afterwards Lord Chancellor, erected a monument to his +memory in Westminster Abbey, the epitaph upon which was written by + + +<span class="sidenote">Character +and death.</span> + + +Doctor Atterbury. Philips was a gentleman of a modest and amiable +disposition, "and always praised without contradiction," (says Dr. Johnson) +"as a man, modest, blameless, and pious, who bore a narrow fortune +without discontent—and tedious and painful maladies without impatience; +beloved by those who knew him, but not ambitious to be known."</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 26, and August 26, for cattle and toys.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Bampton[A]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Shap</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>282</td><td align='right'>636</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Bampton-Grange</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>282</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bampton, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BAMPTON. The river Lowther runs through this parish. Here is a +beautiful lake, called Haweswater, three miles long, and half a mile + + +<span class="sidenote">Haweswater +lake.</span> + + +broad; it is environed by lofty mountains, conveying to the mind a grand +and imposing appearance: its eastern side is sheltered by rocky eminences, +plentifully clothed with verdure, while the western side displays the open +fields, with all the sweet varieties of culture. A lead mine has lately been +discovered in the neighbourhood. The free grammar-school was founded +by Thomas Sutton, D.D., who vested in trustees the sum of £500., collected +from estates out of the parish of St. Saviour, Southwark, and other +places. Here, also, three parochial libraries were established respectively, +in the years 1710, 1750, 1752, comprising about 800 volumes. Thomas +Gibson, M.D., who married the daughter of Richard Cromwell, Protector, + + +<span class="sidenote">Dr. Thomas +Gibson.</span> + + +was Physician-General of the army, and a native of this parish. He was +the author of a system of anatomy. The learned doctor, having laid the +foundation of his classical learning at a school in this county, he entered +as scholar at Queen's College, Oxford, in 1686. The study of the northern +languages about this period was particularly cultivated at the University, +and Mr. Gibson rigidly applied himself to that branch of literature, in +which he was assisted by Dr. Hicks. In a short time he translated into +Latin the "Chronicon Saxonicum," and published it together with the +Saxon original. Dr. Gibson had an early and strong inclination to +search the antiquities of his own country, and being well versed in the +knowledge of its original languages, he applied himself with great diligence, +and in a few years produced his edition of "Camden's Britannica," + + +<span class="sidenote">An Antiquarian.</span> + + +and concluded this branch of learning with "Reliquæ Spelmannianæ," or +the posthumous works of Sir Henry Spelman, relating to the laws and +antiquities of England, which, with a life of the author, he published at +Oxford, in 1698, and dedicated his work to Archbishop Tenison. About +this time he was taken as Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop's family, +and soon afterwards was made Rector of Lambeth, and Archdeacon of +Surrey. Upon the death of the Archbishop, in 1715, Dr. Wake, Bishop +of Lincoln, succeeded him, and Dr. Gibson was appointed to that See; +and Dr. Robinson also dying, in 1720, Gibson was appointed Bishop of + + +<span class="sidenote">Made Bishop +of London.</span> + + +London. The ministry were so sensible of his great abilities, that a sort +of ecclesiastical ministry was committed to his charge for several years. +He died on the 6th of September, 1748, with true Christian fortitude, and +in perfect tranquillity of mind.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Bannel</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Hawarden </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Mold </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Wrexham </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>196 </td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Banbury[A]</td><td align='right'>bo. & m.t.</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Southam</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>5906</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BANBURY is pleasantly situated on the small river Charwell, and its +staple commodities seem to be cheese and cakes; the former, even in Shakspeare's +time, appear to have been celebrated, for Bardolph, when accused + + +<span class="sidenote">Cheese and +cakes.</span> + + +by "Slender" of robbing him of his two milled sixpences, exclaims, "You +Banbury cheese." The cakes have made this town more celebrated than +even its political engagements. The castle of Banbury was founded in the +year 1153, by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, and continued an episcopal +residence till the reign of Henry VI. During the contentions between the +houses of York and Lancaster, when civil discord was a familiar incident +in this neighbourhood, Banbury suffered much; but more particularly in +the memorable engagement, called "The Battle of Banbury," fought + + +<span class="sidenote">Battle of +Banbury.</span> + + +about three miles from the town, in 1469. It took place on a plane called +Danesmoor, near Edgecote. The Earl of Warwick was the commander +of the Lancasterian forces, and the Yorkists were led by the Earls of +Stafford and Pembroke, who had possession of the town. After one of +the most determined conflicts ever recorded, the Yorkists were routed; +the Earl of Pembroke and his brother were both taken and beheaded, and +Edward IV. himself made prisoner a few days after. In 1642, the towns-people +took part with the Parliament, but after the battle of Edgehill, +this castle was taken by the royalists, under Sir William Compton, who +defended it for 13 weeks against all the efforts of Sir John Fiennes, until +the garrison was relieved by the Earl of Northampton. It suffered a further +siege of 10 weeks, under Sir William Waller, and surrendered on +honourable terms. Leland, who wrote in the Reign of Henry VIII., says, +"In this castle is a terrible prison for convict men." A stone vault, with +grated windows, and traces of the inner ditch, is supposed to have been + + +<span class="sidenote">Once a +celebrated grammar<br /> +school.</span> + + +the terrible prison alluded to, but very small remains exist in the present +day. The free grammar-school is now wholly abandoned, and the school-house +let out on lease by the corporation. This is much to be regretted, +as it was formerly held in such high estimation, that the statutes of this +establishment were taken as a model for St. Paul's school, London; and +the statutes of the free grammar-school of Manchester, in 1524, ordain, +that the grammar taught in that school, should be taught only "after the +manner of the school at Banbury, in Oxfordshire, which is called Stanbridge's +Grammar." Mr. Stanbridge, the celebrated grammarian alluded +to, was a highly learned man, and tutor to Sir Thomas Pope. Adjoining +the Ram Inn is a sulphurous well, and at a small distance from +the town is a chalybeate spring. The pyrites aureus, or golden fire-stone, +is frequently found in this neighbourhood. Among other interesting +remains about the town is an ancient hospital, dedicated to St. +John, now converted into a farm-house. This borough returns one +member to parliament, as it did before the passing of the Reform Bill. + + +<span class="sidenote">Electors.</span> + + +The electors of the old constituency were but 18 in number, but the £10. +householders are about 365. The borough comprises the parish, and the +returning-officer is the Mayor.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Thursday after Jan. 18, for cattle, horses, and sheep: first Thursday in Lent; second Thursday before Easter, cattle and sheep; Ascension Day; Thursday +and Friday in Trinity week; August 13, horses, cows, and sheep; Thursday after Old +Michaelmas, hogs and cheese; October 30; and second Thursday before Christmas. Cheese, +hops, and cattle.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 4.15 morning; departs 10.34 night.—<i>Bankers</i>, (Old Bank) +Cobb and Co., draw on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Gibbons and Co., draw on Robarts and Co.; +Gillett and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, Red Lion, and White Lion.</p></div> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bangor[A]</td><td align='right'>city & pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='left'>Aberconway </td><td align='right'>15 </td><td align='left'>Holyhead </td><td align='right'>24 </td><td align='right'>245 </td><td align='right'> 4751</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BANGOR, which signifies the beautiful choir, is a Bishop's See; compared +to its former size, it is now but an inconsiderable place. It is +seated at the mouth of the Menai, near its opening to the Lavan sands, +in a narrow valley, between two low ridges of slate rock, opening to the +south, towards the majestic mountain, Snowdon, which rises 3571 feet +above the level of the sea. Mr. Warner, the intelligent Welsh tourist, +and his companion, spoke in raptures of this place. The beauty, repose, +and retirement of the whole pleased them wonderfully. The latter observed, +"If he were Bishop of Bangor, the only translation he would +covet would be, thence to heaven." The former agreed with him, that +"Were fate to throw him also into such a spot, very few attractions +would have sufficient force to elicit him from it." They had "Never +seen a place which united so many beauties in so narrow a circle." From +this city the new road finds its way through a low pass in the adjacent +ridge, and descends gently along the face of the sloping bank to the great +bridge: this road is very smooth and well protected, and worthy of the + + +<span class="sidenote">The suspension +bridge.</span> + + +magnificent scenery by which it is surrounded. Menai suspension bridge +is distant about two miles and a half from Bangor. This noble bridge is +substituted for the inconvenient ferry; it is 100 feet above the level of high +water, even at spring tides. The cathedral is a low plain building, +dedicated to St. Deiniol, to whom it owed its origin about the year 525, +and he was elected the first bishop in 550. He was the son of Dinothus, +Abbot of Bangor-iscoed, and reared under the auspices of a Welsh prince, +patron of the bard Talliesin, and perhaps the most liberal prince of his time. +In 1402 it was burnt down, during the rebellion of Owen Glendower; and +what is rather singular, it was suffered to remain in ruins during the space +of 90 years, when the choir was rebuilt by the Bishop in the reign of +Henry VII. But that cruel ravager of ecclesiastical property, Bishop + + +<span class="sidenote">Cathedral.</span> + + +Bulkeley, not only alienated the lands belonging to the cathedral, but +even had the audacity to sell the bells of the church. The choir is fitted +up in a style of neat and simple elegance, and ornamented with an excellent +organ, the gift of Dr. Thomas Lloyd, in 1779. The chapter consists +of a dean, three archdeacons, two precentors, two vicars choral, six minor +canons, six lay clerks, and eight choristers, with an income of £2,000. per +annum. The windows of the cathedral were formerly very handsomely +ornamented with stained glass, but in the civil wars of Charles I. the +soldiers destroyed these, amongst other things. The most conspicuous +monument in this building is that erected to the memory of Owen Gwynedd, +one of the ancient princes of Wales. Here are several Dissenting meeting-houses, +and the town is the resort of many visitors during the summer +season; upwards of 50,000 annually are said to remain for longer or +shorter periods. Steam-packets ply between this place and Liverpool.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.—<i>Fairs</i>, April 5; June 25; September 16; and October 28.—<i>Mail</i> arrives +at Menai Bridge 4.15 morning; departs 8.32 afternoon.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Bangor[A]</td><td align='right'>vil & pa</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>1389</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Banham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>East Harling</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Diss</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>1297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bank-Newton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>221</td><td align='right'>125</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Banks</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>296</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Banningham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>369</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Banstead[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Ewell</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>991</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Banwell[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Fensford</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>1623</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bapchild</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Sittingbourne</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Milton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Faversham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>319</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Barbon</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Westmorl.</td><td align='left'>Kirkby Lons.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sedbergh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BANGOR ISCOED is situated on the banks of the river Dee, which +here passes under a bridge of five arches. This place, at present very inconsiderable, +is famed on account of having been the site of the most ancient +monastery in the kingdom, founded by Lucius, the son of Coel, the first +Christian King of Britain, sometime previous to the year 180. This abbey + + +<span class="sidenote">The first +abbey established +in Britain.</span> + + +was remarkable for its valuable library, and the number of learned men +trained within its venerable walls. Gildas Ninnius, who lived in the 7th +century, was one of its abbots. He wrote in Latin an incorrect history +of England, which is still extant. According to Speed, this monastery, +in the year 596, contained no less than 2,400 monks, 100 of which passed +in their turns one hour of devotion; there are no remains of the +monastery existing.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BANSTEAD is celebrated for the excellent herbage which the neighbouring +downs afford the sheep, which are highly prized for the delicate +flavour of the mutton. There are many elegant seats in the vicinity, +amongst which are Banstead House, Miss Motteux; Cold Blow Cottage, +General Sir Edward Howorth; and the Oaks, the seat of the Earl of + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Earl of +Derby.</span> + + +Derby. This celebrated villa was erected by a society of gentlemen, called +the "Hunter's Club," and the present noble proprietor can accommodate +his guests with more than 50 bed chambers; and a pack of hounds are kept +on the establishment, which has been long noted for its hospitality. On +the 26th of February, 1834, Mr. John Richardson, a farmer, returning +from Epsom to Banstead, was robbed and murdered on these downs.</p> + + + +<p>[C] BANWELL is an agreeable village, situated under the northern +declivity of the Mendip hills, and is supposed to derive its name from a +spring strongly impregnated with mineral properties, which expands into +a fine sheet of water, and after turning two mills, empties itself into the +channel near the ruins of Woodspring Priory. The church, which is +a fine specimen of the florid gothic of the Tudor age, contains a +richly carved screen and rood loft, a beautiful sculptured stone pulpit, +and several windows of the richest stained glass. This manor has been + + +<span class="sidenote">Formerly a +Bishop's +Palace.</span> + + +in the possession of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, from the reign of +Edward the Confessor, with little exception, till the present time. They +had for many centuries a palace here, but nothing of it remains except a +private residence called Banwell Court, still interesting for its antiquity. +The park has been divided into enclosures, which afford at every point a +most pleasing variety of landscapes. The Bishop of Bath and Wells has +also a cottage ornee, for the accommodation of his family and of the numerous +visitors which are driven hither to view the two singular caverns +which have been discovered of late years in this neighbourhood. The +monastery of Banwell was founded by the early Saxon monarchs. Asserius, +or Asser, the scholar and biographer of King Alfred, was made +Abbot by that monarch. This Abbey was destroyed by the Danes; it +was afterwards restored, but never recovered its pristine importance; for +instead of arriving at the point of prosperity usual in Royal foundations, +it sunk into obscurity long prior to the dissolution of religious houses. +Banwell is remarkable for two extraordinary caverns discovered in the + + +<span class="sidenote">Extraordinary +caverns.</span> + + +year 1824, which occasioned no inconsiderable number of the curious to +resort to the village. They were first discovered by some workmen digging +a shaft in search of Calamine, which intersected a steep narrow fissure; +after they had descended about 80 feet it opened into a spacious cavern, +150 feet long and 30 broad, and about 30 feet high. This is called the +stalactite cavern, from the beautiful specimens of crystalized stalactite, +which lay covering huge fragments of rock about the floor. In this place +were found two pieces of candle, encrusted with lime, supposed to have +been left by the miners after working for ochre, calamine, &c. A rich +vein of iron ore, with some cobalt and manganese, was also discovered, +the working of which has long since commenced, and the produce is conveyed +to the smelting works on the southern coast of Wales. The workmen, +in order to facilitate an easier method of entrance, opened another +fissure lower in the rock, when suddenly another cavern presented itself, +the floor of which was covered with a mass of sand, limestone, teeth, +bones, &c. Professor Buckland, who surveyed this place, states, that a +shaft being driven into this mass, proved it to have been nearly 40 feet +deep. The bones consisted of various specimens of the ox tribe, including + + +<span class="sidenote">Antediluvian +bones.</span> + + +the elk. Skeletons of the wolf, and a gigantic bear, in point of preservation, +like what are to be found in ordinary churchyards—supposed +to be of antediluvian origin, where found here. In the roof of the cave is +a large chimney-like shaft, formerly rising to the surface, but now +blocked up by fragments of limestone, mud, and sand, adhering together +by incrustation, and through which dreadful pitfall, it is presumed, this +immense number of beasts were precipitated at the great inundation. The +rubbish has been partially cleared, and the bones are used to decorate the +sides of the walls. A British earthwork crowns the summit of the neighbouring +eminence, enclosing, within its irregular rampart, an area of about +20 acres; and, about a quarter of a mile further, is an entrenchment +nearly square, the ground in the centre of which is elevated in the form of +a cross.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, Jan. 18, and July 18, for cattle, sheep, and cheese.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Welford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Crick</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>637</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barcheston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>L. Compton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>198</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Barcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Uckfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>931</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leyburn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>231</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barden</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Paitley Brid.</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>218</td><td align='right'>214</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bardfield,(Great)[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Thaxted</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dunmow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>1029</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bardfield-Saling</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bardney[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>1098</td></tr> +</table> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] BARDFIELD, (Great.) <i>Market</i>, formerly Tuesday (now disused.)—<i>Fair</i>, June 22, for cattle +and toys.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] BARDNEY, anciently Beardanam, is situated in a marsh on the north +bank of the river Witham. An abbey was founded in the time of the Saxons, +prior to the year 641. Here Ethelred, divesting himself of the splendour of +royalty, retired to devote his days to religion, and became superior of the +monastery. King Oswald is said to have been buried here, but the body + + +<span class="sidenote">King Oswald +buried here.</span> + + +was afterwards removed to the church of Gloucester. The hand was retained +by the monks as a relique, to which they ascribed the power of +working miracles, and for a long period imposed upon the credulity of +superstitious pilgrims. In the year 870 the monastery was burned by the +Danes, but was afterwards rebuilt by Gilbert De Gaunt, Earl of Lincoln, +who annexed to it several extensive estates. At the dissolution its annual +revenues were estimated at £429. 7s.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Bardon Park</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>65</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bardsea</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ulverston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dalton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cartmel</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>276</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bardsey Isle[A]</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Aberdaron </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Pwllheli </td><td align='right'>20 </td><td align='left'>Nevin </td><td align='right'>18 </td><td align='right'>256 </td><td align='right'>84</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bardsey[B]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>331</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BARDSEY ISLE, is near the south-east point of the promontory of +Llyn, in Caernarvonshire: it is of a moderate elevation; in length two +miles, and in breadth one. The third part of its contents of 370 acres, +occupied by a high mountain, affords sustenance to a few sheep and +rabbits. It is about a league distant from the main land, and only accessible +to the mariner on its south-east side, where there is a small well-sheltered + + +<span class="sidenote">No reptiles +on this +island.</span> + + +harbour. There is no reptile ever seen on this island, except the +common water-lizard. The soil is clayey, but produces excellent barley +and wheat. The inhabitants are employed in cultivating the land, and in +fishing. The abbot's house is a large stone building, occupied by several +families, and near it is a singular chapel, or oratory, being a long arched +edifice, with a insolated stone altar near the east end. Dubricius, archbishop +of Caerleon, almost worn out with age, resigned his see to St. +David, retired here, and died in 522. He was interred upon the spot, but +such was the veneration paid to his memory in after ages, that about the +year 1107, his remains were removed, by the procurement of Urban, then +Bishop of Llandaff, and re-interred in the cathedral of that see, of which +he had been the first bishop. St. Dubricius was a man of singular eminence + + +<span class="sidenote">St. Dubricius.</span> + + +for learning and piety. He was Archbishop of Caerleon, and Metropolitan +of all Wales, in the time of Aurelius Ambrosius; and prior to +this elevation, he taught a school on the banks of his native river, which +was much resorted to from all Christian countries.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BARDSEY, comprises the township of Bardsey, with Rigton and +Wathersome. Near the church is a mound called Castle Hill, supposed +to have been the site of a Roman fortress. At Bardsey Grange, in this +parish, resided occasionally, and died, Francis Thorpe, the tyrannical +Baron of the Exchequer; but the same house is rendered memorable as +the birth place of the poet Congreve, in 1670. This clever and celebrated + + +<span class="sidenote">Birth-place +of Congreve, +the poet.</span> + + +poet, was baptised in the church of this village in the month +of February of the same year. When an infant he was carried to +Kilkenny, by his father, who had the command of the army there. +He received his education in the school of Kilkenny, and from these +circumstances it is probable that persons had fallen into the erroneous +impression that Congreve was a native of Ireland. In 1685 he was admitted +into the university of Dublin. In 1691 he became a member of +the society of the Middle Temple, but soon relinquished the dry study of +the Law. At the age of twenty-one, he published his novel called "Incognita," + + +<span class="sidenote">His works.</span> + + +or, "Love and Duty Reconciled." Soon afterwards, he brought +out the Comedy, called "The Old Bachelor," of which Dryden says, +"he never saw such a first play in his life;" it was performed in 1793, +with the most unbounded applause. Lord Falkland wrote the prologue. +The singular success and merits of this production, recommended him to +the patronage and notice of the Earl of Halifax, who settled him in an +office of six hundred a year, and during his life patronised him in every +way he could. His next piece was "The Double Dealer." On the death +of Queen Mary, in 1693, he wrote a Pastoral on the occasion, entitled "The +Mourning Muse of Alexis," upon the appearance of which King William, +her husband, granted him an annuity of £100. per annum. In 1695, he +produced his Comedy, called "Love for Love;" and in 1697, the beautiful +Tragedy of "The Mourning Bride." Having lived a high and honorable + + +<span class="sidenote">Died in +Surrey-st., +London.</span> + + +life amongst the most celebrated wits and classical men of the age, he +died at his house in Surrey-street, in the Strand, January 19, 1729. On +the 26th his corpse lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, at Westminster, +and the same evening was carried into Henry the Seventh's Chapel, and +afterwards buried in the Abbey. His pall was supported by the Duke of +Bridgewater, Earl Godolphin, Lord Cobham, Lord Wilmington, Hon. +George Berkeley, Esq., and Brigadier-General Churchill. Dr. Johnson +says, "He has merit of the highest kind; he is an original writer, who +borrowed neither the models of his plot, nor the manner of his dialogue." +And Voltaire remarks, "That he raised the glory of comedy to a greater +height than any English writer before or since his time."</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bardwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>799</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bare</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>K. Lonsdale</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>243</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Baresley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>M. Sorrel</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dereham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>420</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>748</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barford,(Great)[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>St. Neots</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>731</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barford,(Great)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chip Norton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>350</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barford,(Little)[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>St. Neots</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>176</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barford, St. John's, </td><td align='right'>ch</td><td align='left'>Oxford </td><td align='left'>Deddington </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Banbury </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Chip Norton </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>72 </td><td align='right'> 131</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Barford, St. Martin,</td><td align='right'> pa </td><td align='left'>Wilts </td><td align='left'>Wilton </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Salisbury </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Hindon </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>87 </td><td align='right'> 570</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barforth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>243</td><td align='right'>128</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BARFORD, (Great). At this place is a piece of land, called White Bread +Close, left, as is generally believed, by one of the Shepherd family, formerly +residents of considerable opulence in the parish, for the purpose of +purchasing loaves of white bread, to be thrown among the populace from + + +<span class="sidenote">Curious +custom.</span> + + +the church porch. This whimsical custom at last became such a scene of +scrambling, fighting, and disorder, that it was prohibited by the curate, +and the money applied towards the purchase of coals for the poor, at +Christmas. The boys, and even men, seemed to have participated in this +sport, the same as at a game at foot-ball, or other play; and an old gentleman +in the adjoining village fully remembers taking an active part in +the scramble, and bearing off the wheaten loaf in triumph.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BARFORD, (Little), is situated in the hundred of Biggleswade, and is +chiefly celebrated as the birth-place of Rowe, the dramatic poet, who was +born here in the year 1673. His father having designed him for the study + + +<span class="sidenote">Rowe, the +Dramatist.</span> + + +of the law, took him from school at the age of sixteen, and entered him +a student in the Middle Temple. He made considerable progress, and +was called to the bar, but Homer and Virgil had more charms for him +than either Coke or Littleton. He was strongly solicited by his friends to +practice, but nothing could overcome his affection for the muses; and his +play, the "Ambitious Step-mother," having been received with great applause, +he resolved to make poetry his profession. He had imbibed in his youth +the most noble sentiments of liberty, of which he gave a specimen in his +Tragedy of "Tamerlane." This was the second play that he wrote, and +until of late years it was usual to perform it on the 4th and 5th of November, +in commemoration of the gunpowder treason, and the landing of +King William. Mr. Rowe being out of all employment, went one day to +wait on the Earl of Oxford, Lord High Treasurer of England, when, +among other things his Lordship asked him, whether he understood +Spanish. He replied in the negative, and his Lordship said he would +advise him to learn it as soon as possible. Rowe took his leave, applied +himself to the study of that language, and expecting some lucrative employment, +again waited upon him. How great was his disappointment, when +his Lordship, on being informed of his acquisition, merely exclaimed, + + +<span class="sidenote">Anecdote.</span> + + +"How happy are you, Mr. Rowe, that you can now enjoy the pleasure +of reading "Don Quixote" in the original!" His death took place on the +6th of December, 1718, in the 45th year of his age, and he was buried +with great funeral pomp, in Westminster Abbey, where a handsome +monument is erected to his memory.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Barfreston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>65</td><td align='right'>114</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Barham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='left'>Kimbolton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Alconbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'>73</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Barham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>1053</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>825</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barholm</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bourn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>155</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barkby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>806</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barkby-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barkham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wokingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bagshot</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>247</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barking[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Romford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Woolwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>8036</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barking</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham Mt</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stow Market</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>1884</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BARKING, in the hundred of Beacontree. The name is derived, according + + +<span class="sidenote">Origin of its +name.</span> + + +to some writers, from the Saxon words Beorce—a birch tree, and +Ing—a meadow; but the most natural presumption is, that it takes its +name from Berging, signifying a fortification in a meadow, and which seems +to be borne out, as there is an encampment still to be traced, of the most +extensive dimensions, being more than forty-eight acres in the area; near +to which is a spring of fine water, which no doubt supplied the inmates. +In 870, Barking was burnt by the Danes, and the abbey destroyed, and + + +<span class="sidenote">Burnt by +the Danes.</span> + + +the nuns either murdered or dispersed. Soon after the conquest, King +William retired to this place, while the Tower of London was being +erected, not deeming it safe to continue in that city; and here he was +visited during the preparation for his coronation, by Earl Edwin, of +Mercia; Morcar, Earl of Northumberland; and many others of the +nobility, who swore fealty to him, on the restoration of their estates. It +is situated on the river Roding, which branches off in two different +streams, and unites with the Thames about two miles distant. Barking +Creek is navigable for ships of 80 tons burden, and the coal and timber, +together with the fishing trade, is carried on to a considerable extent. +About a hundred fishing smacks sail from this town. Near the creek is a +large flour mill, formerly belonging to the abbey; and in the vicinity of the +town are extensive potatoe grounds for the supply of the London market. +Barking is rather a dull town, from the want of a main thoroughfare; it +has the appearance of antiquity stamped upon it, particularly the market-house, +which is an extensive and ancient building of timber and plaster, of +the age of Elizabeth. Here is a town-hall and work-house. A free quay +for landing goods, subject to a table of regulations, and a spacious new +road from the Commercial-road, through Eastham and Wallend to +Barking. The church is dedicated to St. Margaret, and is a spacious +ancient structure, with a lofty embattled tower at the west end, having a +beacon turret at one corner. A free-school, which now occupies part of +the work-house, was founded by Sir James Campbell, in 1641, who bequeathed +a sum of £666. 13s. 4d. for that purpose. John Fowke, Esq., +bequeathed certain lands for the maintenance of eight boys in Christ's +Hospital, two of whom are chosen from this parish. The importance formerly + + +<span class="sidenote">Once a +town of +importance.</span> + + +attached to the town of Barking was almost entirely to be attributed +to the magnificent abbey that was established here in the year 670, by +Erkenwald, Bishop of London, for nuns of the Benedictine order: it was +dedicated to the Virgin Mary. This abbey was governed by a succession +of Abbesses, of noble, and even royal descent After the destruction of +the establishment by the Danes, in the year 870, it was again rebuilt in a +style of greater splendour than before, and on the death of King Edgar, +in 970, his queen became Abbess. From the earliest period to the time +of its dissolution, it may be said to have been a seminary for the principal +gentry of England. Its revenues amounted, at the suppression of the religious +houses, to £1084. 6s. 2-3/4d. Destruction has done its worst to this +beautiful abbey, for at present little or nothing remains but the gateway, +an interesting object, and in good preservation; over which is a room, +called the Chapel of the Holy Ghost. This gateway was denominated +the fire-bell gate, from its having anciently contained the curfew; it +is a square embattled structure, with an octagonal turret at one of the +angles. The arch of the entrance is finely pointed, and enriched with +deeply receding mouldings; above is a canopied niche, under a fine gothic +window of three lights. Among the ruins of the abbey were discovered a +fibula, and a gold ring, on which were engraved, the Salutation of the +Virgin Mary, and the initials I.M. The tyranny exercised over the +tenants of this manor by the fraternity, would almost create a feeling of +surprise in our present liberal and enlightened age, were they not perfectly +well known in a thousand other instances. The manor of Clayhall was +held under the Abbess and convent of Barking, by the following services: +viz. that every tenant should come in person to the Abbey Church, on the +vigil of St. Ethelburg the Virgin, and there attend and guard the high +altar, from the first hours of Vespers till nine the next morning; and that +he should be ready at all times, with a horse and a man, to attend the +Abbess and her steward, when going upon the business of the convent, + + +<span class="sidenote">Singular +services by +which the +manor of +Clayhall +was held.</span> + + +any where within the four seas. And, lastly, that the Abbess should have +by way of herriot, upon the death of every tenant, his best horse and accoutrements: +these services, however, did not exempt them from the quit +rents. Besides the above tenure, there were other vexatious contingencies; +viz. one (Robert Gerard) was among other services, to gather a full measure +of nuts, called a pybot, four of which should make a bushel; to go a +long journey on foot once a year to Colchester, Chelmsford, Ely, or the +like distances, on the business of the convent, carrying a pack; and other +shorter distances, such as Brentford, &c., and maintaining himself upon +the road. He was to pay a fine upon the marriage of his daughter, if she +married beyond the limits of the manor. If his daughter had an illegitimate +child, he was to make the best terms he could with the Abbess, for the +fine called Kyldwyte. It appears also, that he could not even sell his ox +fed by himself, without the Abbess's permission. Some of the tenants, +according to Blount, were obliged to watch and guard thieves in the +Abbess's prison. A few miles distant, in a glade in Hainhault Forest, +formerly stood an oak, famed through many centuries, and known by the + + +<span class="sidenote">Fairlop oak.</span> + + +name of Fairlop Oak. Its age is traced by the traditions of the country half +way through the Christian era. Part of this noble tree has been converted +into the pulpit of St. Pancras new church. Its rough fluted stem was 36 +feet in circumference, and about a yard from the ground, divided into +eleven immense arms; yet not in the horizontal manner of an oak, but +rather that of a beech. Beneath its shade, which formerly overspread an +area of three hundred feet in circuit, an annual fair was held on the 2nd +of July, and no booth was suffered to be raised beyond the extent of its +boughs. The fair is still continued on the same spot the first Friday in +July.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> disused.—<i>Fair</i>, October 22, for toys. It lies within the three-penny post delivery.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barkisland</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Halifax</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>2292</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barkston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Belvoir Cas.</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barkstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>430</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barkstone Ash</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>265</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Puckeridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>1108</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barkwith, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>M. Raisin</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>187</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barkwith, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>113</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barlaston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>514</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Barlavington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Petworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>111</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barlborough</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>713</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barlby</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>348</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barleston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Bosworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>582</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>704</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>707</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Barleythorpe</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>....</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barling</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Prittlewell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Southend</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>317</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barlings</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bardney</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>280</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barlow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>225</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barlow, Great</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dronfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>581</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barlow, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>58</td></tr> + + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barmby on the M.</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>180</td><td align='right'>525</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barnby on Don</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>168</td><td align='right'>617</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barmby on Moor,</td><td align='right'>to & p</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pocklington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>440</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Barmele</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holywell</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>115</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barmer</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Barming[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tonbridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chatham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>565</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Barmouth[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Dolgelly</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Harleigh</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Towyn</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>1980</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Barmpton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>244</td><td align='right'>90</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Barmston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Sunderland</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>269</td><td align='right'>73</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barmston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Driffield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>223</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barnacle</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rugby</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>219</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barnack</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wansford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Peterboro'</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>812</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barnaker</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>232</td><td align='right'>519</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Barnard Castle[C] </td><td align='right'>t & p</td><td align='left'> Durham </td><td align='left'>Middleton </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Darlington </td><td align='right'>17 </td><td align='left'>Staindrop </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>246 </td><td align='right'> 4430</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BARMING. Of this village the learned antiquarian, Mark Noble, was +rector. His principal works were a history of the College of Arms, a + + +<span class="sidenote">Mark Noble.</span> + + +Genealogical History of the Royal Families of Europe, Memoirs of the +Protectorate House of Cromwell; and, also, of the illustrious house of +Medici. On St. Thomas's Day there is an annual solicitation for charity, +and with the money raised loaves of bread are purchased, and distributed +to the resident poor. Great quantities of hops, cherries, and +filberts, are grown in this parish.</p> + + +<p>[B] BARMOUTH, near the conflux of the river Maw, or Mawddach, is a +village singularly situated; the houses are disposed, either among the +sand, in a low situation, or at different heights on the side of a huge + + +<span class="sidenote">A very +curiously +built town.</span> + + +rock, like a part of the city of Edinburgh, and are said to resemble the +town of Gibraltar. These houses form eight tiers, to which there is +no approach, but by steps cut in the rock. The floors of one row +are about level with the tops of the chimnies immediately in front; so +that a person standing at his door may look down the chimnies of +the neighbourhood below. The first range regales the second with +its smoke, the second the third, &c. till we arrive at the uppermost, which, +in a westerly wind, takes the mixed perfume of all. Barmouth is +the port of Merionethshire, not far from which the river Mawddach has +its commencement. "Proceeding along the banks of this river towards +Dolgelly," says Mr. Bingley, "when it was high water, the whole bed of +the river being filled, made the different landscapes in the scene appear +truly picturesque. The first two miles which lay along, what the inhabitants +of Barmouth call, the Beach, formed the most interesting part of +the journey. In the composition of the views, scarcely any thing appeared +wanting; there was every requisite of mountain and vale, wood, water, +meadows, and rocks, arranged in beautiful order. Beyond the beach, the +road winds at a little distance from the river, among the low mountains; +and from different stations, I had views of the most elegant and picturesque +landscapes, the river partly hidden by intervening mountains. +This stream is much diminished in width and depth: at present it will not +admit so much as a pleasure-boat to reach Dolgelly, which obliges company +to walk three-quarters of a mile to the town."</p> + + + +<p>[C] BARNARD CASTLE. The castle from which the town appears to +have derived its name, was founded by Barnard, son of Guy Baliol, who + + +<span class="sidenote">Guy Baliol.</span> + + +accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and to whom William +Rufus granted the noble forests of Teesdale and Marwood. Edward the +First, determined to mortify the Bishop of Durham and to abridge his +power; he, therefore, gave this castle to Guy Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, +in whose family it continued for five generations. It afterwards +came to the crown, and the tyrant Richard III. who took very great delight +in this place, contributed much to its beauty by the most tasteful embellishments; +his armorial bearings still appear, not only on the castle but +over many parts of the town, and it has been a crown domain ever since. +Hutchinson in his history of the county of Durham, describes the remains +of the castle as covering about six acres and three quarters of ground. +The parts which were of chief strength, stand on the very brink of a steep +rock, about eighty feet above the level of the river Tees, commanding a +most beautiful prospect up the river. The area on the side of the market-place, +appears not to have had any communication with the chief strongholds +and bulwarks of the fortress, and is separated from the interior +buildings by a deep fosse which surrounds the rest of the castle. In an +adjoining ground called the Flatts, is a large reservoir cut in swampy +ground; water was collected and conveyed to the castle in pipes, to supply +the garrison and cattle enclosed within the walls of the outer areas in +times of public danger. This area is now a pasture for sheep, and other +parts enclosed by the walls have been converted into orchards.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Wednesday in Easter and Whitsun Week, St. James's Day, +and July 25, for horses, cattle, and sheep.—<i>Bankers</i>, W. Skinner and Co. draw on Barclay +and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, King's Head, and Rose and Crown.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 6.40 morning; departs 2.40 +afternoon.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barnardiston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Clare</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnbow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnbrough[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>520</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barnby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>303</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barnby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Whitby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Guisboro</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>224</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barnby-on-Moor</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>East Retford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BARNBROUGH. The church is dedicated to Saint Peter, and +contains a rude painting commemorative of "a serious contest that took +place between a man and a wild cat." This conflict, which every body +in Barnbrough firmly believes, is said to have occurred about the middle +of the fifteenth century, between Percival Cresacre, lord of the manor, and +a wild cat o' mountain. He is reported to have been attacked in one of +the little woods in the neighbourhood, by this furious animal, and a running +fight was kept up till they reached the church porch, where the +mortal combat ended in the death of both. That some such circumstance + + +<span class="sidenote">Contest between +the lord of +the manor and +a wild cat.</span> + + +did occur, is conjectured from the crest which the family afterwards +adopted, viz. a cat o' mountain, which is still to be seen on the tower of +the church; and the tradition is said to be further confirmed by the figure +of an animal at the foot of the oak statue of this Cresacre, and also a +rubiginous stone in the pavement of the porch of the church. We have +many evidences in history that cats were beasts of chase, particularly in +the charter of Ranulph Piperking, granted by Edward the Confessor:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Hart and hind, doe and bock,<br /> +Fox and cat, hare and brock. +</p> + +<p>and again,</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Four greyhounds and six raches,<br /> +For hare and fox and wild cates. +</p> + +<p>In the church is an ancient monument of Alicia Cresacre, wife of the +above gentleman, who died in 1450, on which is carved in old text:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Our bodys in stonys lye full still,<br /> +Our saulys in wandyr at Godys will. +</p> + +<p>In the north chancel is the monument of Percival Cresacre, a richly decorated +altar-tomb under a flat arch, at the crown of which is the family +arms, viz. three lions rampant, purple, on a gold shield. The effigies of +Cresacre is in fine preservation, composed of carved oak, and representing +a knight in a suite of plate armour, with his arms painted on a shield, +and an animal (supposed to be a lion) at his feet. His sword which hung +from his belt has been taken away, and both monuments are decorated +with the favorite device of the family, a rosary of beads.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barnby-in-Willows</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>237</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Barnes</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Kingston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chiswick</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wandsworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>1417</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Barn-Elms[A]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BARN-ELMS. On the adjoining common stood the house in +which the members of the celebrated Kit Cat Club assembled. Their + + +<span class="sidenote">Kit Cat +Club house.</span> + + +original place of meeting was in London, but Jacob Tonson, the bookseller, +who was their secretary, caused it to be transferred to a house +belonging to himself, at Barn-Elms, and built a handsome room for +their accommodation. The portrait of each member was painted by Sir +Godfrey Kneller, but the apartment not being sufficiently large to receive +half-length pictures, a shorter canvas was adopted, and hence proceeded +the technical term of Kit Cat size. We give a further account of this +club from the graphic pen of Sir Richard Phillips, in his "Morning's +Walk from London to Kew," 1817. "A lane in the north-west corner +of the common brought me to Barn-Elms, where now resides a Mr. +Hoare, a banker, of London. The family were from home, and I had +some difficulty to gain admittance, the servants knowing nothing either +of the club, or its former occupant. A walk covered with docks, thistles, +nettles, and high grass, led from the remains of a gateway in the garden +wall to the door which opened into the building. Ah! thought I, through +this desolate avenue, the finest geniuses in England daily proceeded to meet +their friends. Yet, within a century, how changed—how deserted—how +revolting! A cold chill seized me as the man unfastened the decayed +door, and I beheld the once elegant hall filled with cobwebs, a fallen + + +<span class="sidenote">As described +by Sir Richard +Phillips in +1817.</span> + + +ceiling, and accumulating rubbish. The door on the left led to a spacious, +and once superb, staircase—now in ruins. The entire building, for want +of ventilation, having become food for the fungus, called dry-rot, the +timbers had lost its cohesive powers. I ascended the staircase, therefore, +with a degree of danger to which my conductor would not expose himself, +but was well requited for my pains. Here I found the Kit-Cat Club-room, +nearly as it existed in the days of its glory. It is 18 feet high, and +40 feet long, by 20 wide. The mouldings and ornaments were in the +most superb fashion of its age, but the whole was falling to pieces from +the effects of the dry-rot. My attention was chiefly attracted by the +faded cloth-hangings of the room, whose red colour once set off the +famous portraits of the club that hung around it. Their marks and sizes +were still visible, and their numbers and names remained, as written in +chalk for the guidance of the hanger. Thus was I, as it were, brought +into contact with Addison and Steele, and Congreve, and Garth, and +Dryden, and with many hereditary nobles, remembered only because they +were patrons of those natural nobles. I read their names aloud—I invoked +their departed spirits—I was appalled by the echo of my own voice. +The holes in the floor, the forest of cobwebs in the windows, and a swallow's +nest in the corner of the ceiling, proclaimed that I was viewing a +vision of the dreamers of a past age; that I saw realized before me the +speaking vanities of the anxious career of man. On rejoining Mr. Hoare's +servant in the hall below, he informed me that his master intended to +pull the building down, and form of it a riding-house. I learn that this +design has since been executed. The Kit-Cat pictures were painted early +in the eighteenth century, and about the year 1710 were brought to this +spot, but the room I have been describing was not built till ten or fifteen +years afterwards. They were 42 in number, and are now in the possession +of a Mr. Baker, of Hertingford-bury, where I lately saw them +splendidly lodged, and in fine preservation. It may be proper to observe, +that the house of Mr. Hoare was not the house of Mr. Tonson, and that +Mr. Tonson's house stood nearer to the Kit-Cat club-rooms, having a few +years since been taken down." A person died in this place, leaving in his +will an annual sum, to be laid out in roses to be planted on his grave. The +spot is distinguished by a stone tablet on the outside of the wall of the +church, enclosed by pales, with some rose-trees planted on each side of +it. This tablet is dedicated to the memory of Edward Rose, citizen of +London, who died in 1653, and left £20. to the poor of Barnes, for the +purchase of an acre of land, on condition that the pales should be kept +up, and the rose-trees preserved.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barnet-Chipping[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Whetstone</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>2369</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barnet, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Enfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Highgate</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barnet</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>547</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Barnet, Friern[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Finchley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Barnet</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hornsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>543</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barnetby-le-Wold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Glanford-Br</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>532</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barney</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>263</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barnham</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'>384</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Barnham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>148</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barnham-Broom</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BARNET. This small busy town occupies an elevated situation on +the high north road; and near this place was fought, in the year 1471, the +famous battle between the houses of York and Lancaster, which terminated + + +<span class="sidenote">Battle between +the houses of +York and +Lancaster.</span> + + +in the death of the Earl of Warwick, and established King Edward +the Fourth upon the throne. An obelisk was erected by Sir Jeremy +Sambrook, in memory of the battle in the year 1740. In the church is an +altar monument in commemoration of Thomas Ravensworth, Esquire, +whose effigy, in a recumbent position, is represented on the tomb in veined +marble. He died in 1630. Several others of his family are also buried +here; and among these, James, his eldest son, who erected and endowed +an alms-house, or hospital in Barnet, "for six poor ancient women, being +widows or maidens, inhabitants of the town; and neither common beggars, +common drunkards, back-biters, tale-bearers, common scolds, thieves or +other like persons of infamous life, or evil name or repute; or vehemently +suspected of sorcerie, witchcraft, or charming, or guilty of perjury: nor any +ideot or lunatic are admitted." The annual value of the original endowment +is now about £45.; besides which, the trustees have a further income of +£30. annually, arising from other sources. Another alms-house for six +poor widows, was built and endowed about the year 1723, under the will of +John Garrett, Gent., who bequeathed £800. for that purpose. Near the + + +<span class="sidenote">Mineral +spring.</span> + + +race ground, on Barnet Common, is a mineral spring, of a mild purgative +nature, that was discovered about the middle of the 17th century, and +was formerly in much repute. A few years ago a subscription was made +for arching it over and erecting a pump. The town is at present governed +by a presiding magistrate, a high constable and subordinate officers. The +inhabitants of this township enjoy a very extensive common right over +the adjoining wastes and chace. Between Barnet and South Mims, an +extensive improvement has been effected in the road, which was a series +of angular turnings and unnecessary hills, to an extent which renders it +surprising how such glaring imperfections were suffered to exist, when a +sufficiently direct line could be obtained.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Monday. <i>Fairs</i> April 8, 9, 10, linen drapery, mercery, toys, &c. The harvest +fair or Welsh fair, September 4, 5, Welsh cattle and horses; Sept. 6, mercery, &c. and sometimes +a few horses, pigs, &c. The Leeds Mail arrives 9.11 evening, departs 7.48 evening. +The Glasgow mail arrives 9.20 evening; departs 4.18 morning. <i>Inns</i>, Duke of Wellington, +Green Man, and Red Lion.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] BARNET, (Friern). John Walker, the author of a celebrated dictionary, +was a native of this place, and was born in the year 1732. + + +<span class="sidenote">Birth place +of Walker, +author of the +pronouncing +dictionary.</span> + + +About the year 1767, he joined with a Mr. Usher in setting up a school at +Kensington; this speculation not succeeding he removed to London, where +he gave lectures on elocution. It is said that in his early youth he studied +the art, intending to make the stage his profession, although his very +questionable success induced him to adopt another pursuit. Mr. Walker +was an amiable as well as a learned man; he was the author of several +elementary works: such as "The Rhetorical Grammar," "Elements of +Elocution," "Key to the correct pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and +Scriptural names," and a "Rhyming Dictionary." He died at his house +in Tottenham Court Road, August 1, 1807. This parish includes the +hamlet of Colney Hatch, half of Whetstone, and a part of Finchley +Common.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnhill</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barningham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Botesdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>514</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barningham</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Greta Bridge</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>550</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barningham, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>227</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barningham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>42</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barningham Winter</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>114</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barnoldby-le-Beck</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>232</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnoldswick</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>2724</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnsham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnsley[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Hudderfield</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>10330</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple[B]</td><td align='right'>bo.& mt</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>S. Molton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ilfracomb</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>6840</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BARNSLEY. This large market town is built chiefly of stone, but +being surrounded by coal pits and iron works, the smoke from which +obscures the air, it is generally known by the name of Black Barnsley. + + +<span class="sidenote">The trade.</span> + + +The black glass bottles made here are of excellent quality, and the manufacture +of linen is carried on to a great extent. Here also is made the +best wire in the kingdom for needles. The town is seated on the side of +a hill; the trade and population have considerably increased since the +completion of the navigable canal, by means of which communications +are opened with Wakefield, and all parts of the kingdom. The land in +the vicinity of this town is highly distinguished for its fertility; the manor +is possessed by the Duke of Leeds.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Wednesday before Feb. 28, horned cattle and swine; May +12, ditto; October 10, ditto, horses, and cheese.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 2.55 afternoon; departs 11.31 +night.—<i>Bankers</i>, Becket and Co., draw on Glyn and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, King's Head, and White Bear.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] BARNSTAPLE is said to derive its name from Bar, which in the +ancient British signified the mouth of a river; and the Saxon word Staple, + + +<span class="sidenote">Incorporated +by Henry I.</span> + + +a mart. It is situated in the hundred of Braunton, and returns two members +to parliament. The town appears to have been incorporated by +Henry I., yet it retains some traces of feudal jurisdiction; a number of +common burgesses claiming a right to vote with the corporate officers for +members of parliament. The £10. householders are about 607; the returning +officer is the mayor, who with two bailiffs, two aldermen, twenty-two +common councilmen, and other officers form the corporation. Barnstaple +is one of the neatest and most respectable towns in the county; it +lies on the eastern bank of the river Taw, in a broad and fertile vale, +bounded by a semi-circular range of hills. The Taw here spreads to a +considerable breadth, but from the great accumulation of sand, the port is + + +<span class="sidenote">Amusements, &c.</span> + + +shallow, and vessels of more than 200 tons are not able to enter. Over +the river is a bridge of sixteen arches, which is said to have been built by +one of the Tracys, at the time that family were lords of the manor. The +streets are spacious and regular, and the buildings generally good. The +town, indeed, boasts some of the marks of a metropolis; there are balls +every fortnight, and a regular theatre, and nothing but a good pavement +is wanted to make it highly agreeable. A noble quay extends some way +along the river, terminated by a handsome piazza, over the centre of which +stands the statue of Queen Anne, with an inscription, testifying to the +loyalty of Robert Rolle, of Stevenstone, in this county, the erector. The +woollen trade formerly carried on here with considerable spirit, greatly +increased the wealth of the town, and enabled its inhabitants to erect a +number of very respectable houses: this trade has of late failed, but the +manufacture of baize, silk stockings and waistcoat pieces, still gives life to +the place. Besides this source of wealth and population, the beauty of +the surrounding country, and the cheapness of provisions, have induced +many respectable families to reside here entirely; a circumstance which +renders Barnstaple the most genteel town in the north of Devon. Here +is a celebrated Grammar School, which has been founded about three +centuries, and is famous for having educated a number of distinguished + + +<span class="sidenote">Eminent +men educated +here.</span> + + +men; among whom were John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury: his Theological +antagonist, Thomas Harding, Professor at Louvain: the poet Gay, +and the learned Dr. Musgrave. Bishop Jewel was a learned divine, who +lived in the reigns of the last sovereigns of the house of Tudor, and was +born near Ilfracombe, in 1522. Having acquired the rudiments of his +learning in this school, he was removed to Merton College, Oxford. He +was a most zealous and able champion of the Christian faith; and was +indefatigable in the pursuit of knowledge, even at the expense of his health, +which was materially injured by the closeness of his application. About +the year 1551, he obtained the rectory of Sunningwell, in Berkshire, +where he was much beloved for his zeal and assiduity as a parish priest. +When Queen Mary succeeded her brother Edward, Jewel was deprived of +an office he held in the university; and, notwithstanding he subscribed to +a confession of faith drawn up by the Catholics, yet suspicions were entertained +of his sincerity, and fearing he should be prosecuted as an heretic, +he withdrew from Oxford, and made his escape to the continent. On the +death of Queen Mary, Jewel returned to England, and was received very +favorably by Queen Elizabeth, who raised him to the bishoprick of Salisbury, +in the year 1560. From this time until the day of his death, he was +principally engaged in his pastoral duties, and in the defence and support + + +<span class="sidenote">Gay, the +Poet, born +here.</span> + + +of the Protestant faith. He died September 1571. The admirable moralist +and poet, Gay, was also educated in this school; he was the composer +of "The Beggar's Opera," the notion of which appears to have +been afforded by Swift. The purpose of this singular performance, was +to bring into ridicule the Italian Opera, and it is not easy to define the +mixture of pathos and ridicule which distinguishes this remarkable production. +His celebrated "Fables," written for the instruction of the +Duke of Cumberland, have been the means of unqualified delight to millions. +His first poem, entitled "Rural Sports," and dedicated to Mr. Pope, +gained him the friendship of that poet. The year following he was appointed +Secretary to the Duchess of Monmouth: at this time he printed +his "Trivia," in the composition of which he was assisted by Swift. +He died of an inflammation of the bowels, in 1732, (sincerely lamented +by all who knew him,) and was buried in Westminster Abbey, +where his monument exhibits an epitaph by Pope, which is written with +tasteful tenderness.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.—<i>Fairs</i>, September 19; Friday before April 21; second Friday in December, +for cattle. These are considerable fairs, but are called great markets, as there is no +charter to hold fairs on those days.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 7.0 morning; departs 5.0 afternoon.—<i>Bankers</i>, +Pyke, Law and Co.; draw on Barclay and Co.; Drake and Co. draw on Esdaile and +Co.—<i>Inns</i>, Fortescue Arms; Golden Lion; Kings Arms.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Park Gate</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>112</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barnston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Dunmow</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Braintree</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>215</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>730</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barnwell-All-Sts.[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BARNWELL derives its name from some wells, which in the age of +superstition, were widely famed for the miraculous cures they performed +in diseases of children. Sacred veneration was at length paid them, and +pilgrims from distant parts resorted hither to adore the spirit which infused +such wonderful virtues into the waters. A castle was erected here +in the reign of Henry I., by Reginald le Moine, and became afterwards +the baronial residence of the family of the Montagues. The remains of +this once magnificent structure consist of four circular massy bastion +towers, each forming an angle of a quadrangular court, inclosed by walls +three feet thick; the grand gateway on the south side is flanked by similar +towers. The whole forms a fine and curious ruin, and is a rare specimen +of the early Norman castellated form of building.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barnwell, St. And.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>284</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barnwood</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Painswick</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>419</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barr, Great[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Walsall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wednesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>779</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barr, Perry</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>777</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Barrasford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>232</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>485</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Crewkherne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>468</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barrington, Great[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks & Glos</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>532</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barrington, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>584</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Allenton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>14</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Cottesmore</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] GREAT BARR is an agreeable village, which has long been the property +of the Scott family, who have here one of the finest mansions in the +county. This seat stands in a beautiful valley, affording the most delightful +prospects of hill and dale, varied by wood and water. Shady walks +and rustic seats furnish the most attractive conveniences for the promenade. +One object in particular fixes the attention; it is an urn near the +flower garden, to the memory of Miss Mary Dolman, the cousin of Shenstone, +whose elegant pen supplied a beautiful tribute in Latin. The +summit of Barr Beacon, which is 653 feet in height, was the spot from + + +<span class="sidenote">Barr Beacon, +653 feet +high.</span> + + +whence the Druids gave notice, by watch-fires, of their periodical sacrifices; +and it was used both by the Saxons and the Danes, as a beacon to alarm +the country in times of danger. The chapel of the village is of remarkable +beauty; its eastern window contains a painting on glass by Mr. Eginton, +who has improved upon the design of the Rev. Mr. Peter's "Spirit of a +Child."</p> + + + +<p>[B] GREAT BARRINGTON is a parish containing about 1000 acres, +including some portion of Oxfordshire within its limits, as well as a small +tract belonging to Berkshire. Previous to the conquest, the manor was +held by Earl Harold; the present owner is Lord Dynevor, Lord Lieut. +and Cust. Rot. of Carmarthen. Barrington church appears to have +been erected about the time of Henry VII. Beneath one of the windows +of the aisle are the monument and effigies of Captain Edward Bray, + + +<span class="sidenote">Capt. Edward +Bray.</span> + + +grandfather of Sir Giles Bray, lord of the manor, who is represented +in armour, with a ruff round his neck and a sword girt on the +"right" side. This peculiarity originated from the captain having killed +a man at Tilbury camp; and, in token of his sorrow, he determined never +more to use his right hand. Lord Chancellor Talbot was buried in this +church; he was the son of William Talbot, Bishop of Durham, and was +born in the year 1684. After being elected a fellow of All Soul's College, +Oxford, he married, and consequently was compelled to give up his fellowship. +When he left the university, he was admitted a member of the +society of Lincoln's Inn, and was speedily called to the bar. He was +chosen to represent the now disfranchised borough of Tregony, in Cornwall, +and afterwards was made member for the city of Durham. He died +in the enjoyment of the highest character, after a short illness, on the 14th +of February, 1737. Few Chancellors have been more lamented, both in +public and private life. Lord Talbot acquired universal esteem. The +Hall was built by him in the year 1734, soon after which it was destroyed +by fire. The grounds furnish a good specimen of the "ferme ornee," +(ornamental farm) and the park, about three miles in circumference, is +well planted with a variety of beautiful trees.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>M. Wenlock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Broseley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>351</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Mildenhall</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>856</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrow-Gourney</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Pensford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>279</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barrow, Great</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barrow-on-Humber</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>1334</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrow, North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Castle Carey</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wincanton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>150</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrow, South</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>139</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barrow-on-Soar[A]</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Mount Sorrel</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>6254</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barrowby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Colterswor</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>687</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Barrowden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>485</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barrowford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>2633</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Barry</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llandaff</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Barry Isle[B]</td><td align='right'>Isle</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BARROW. This large and pleasant village appears to have taken its +name from an ancient tumulus. It is occupied principally by gentlemen +farmers, many of whom, however, derive great profit from the quantities +of lime which they get up and burn. This village having been for many + + +<span class="sidenote">Superior +lime quarries.</span> + + +centuries celebrated for a hard blue stone, similar to that in the vale of +Belvoir, and when calcined, produces a very fine matter, from which +is prepared a particularly hard, firm, and greatly esteemed cement. Various +fossil remains are found amongst the limestone. One of the petrifactions, +still preserved at Cambridge, with Dr. Woodward's fossils, is +a plain and bold representation of a flat-fish, about twelve inches long. +Mr. Jones, in his "Philosophical Disquisitions," notices it by saying, +that "our country hath lately afforded what I apprehend to be the greatest +curiosity of the sort that ever appeared. It is the entire figure of a bream, +more than a foot in length, and of a proportionable depth, with the scales, +fins, and gills, fairly projecting from the surface, like a sculpture in +relievo, and with all the lineaments, even to the most minute fibres of the +tail, so complete, that the like was never seen before." Dr. William Beveridge, +one of the most learned prelates of the English church, was born +here in the year 1638. At St. John's College, Cambridge, he applied + + +<span class="sidenote">The pious +Beveridge +born here.</span> + + +himself with intense application to the study of oriental literature. He +reviewed the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan tongues, +and produced a Syriac grammar. He was raised to the see of St. Asaph, +in the year 1704, but he enjoyed his new dignity for a short period,—his +death took place in the year 1708. In his divinity he was Calvinistic; +from the simplicity and piety of his character, he was beloved by all +parties. He lies buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BARRY ISLAND, the name of which has been thought to have +been derived from St. Baroche, a hermit, who, according to Cressy, died +here in the year 700. This island, which lets for about £80. a year, is +estimated to contain about 300 acres. In Leland's time there was, in +the middle of it, a "fair little chapel used," but there was no dwelling. +Since that period, however, a house has been erected for the residence of a +farmer, which, in the summer, is converted into a boarding-house, for the +reception of sea-bathers. The family of Giraldus de Barri, are said to + + +<span class="sidenote">Remarkable +noises heard +here.</span> + + +have taken their title from this island, of which they were once lords. +"It is remarkable," observes Giraldus, "that in a rock near the entrance +of the island, there is a small cavity, to which, if the ear is applied, a noise +is heard like that of smiths at work—the blowing of bellows, strokes of +hammers, grinding of tools, and roaring of furnaces; and it might easily +have been imagined, that such noises which are continued at the ebb and +flow of the tides, were occasioned by the influx of the sea under the +cavities of the rocks." Sir Richard Hoare, in his additions to Giraldus, +observes as follows:—"Towards the southern part of the island, on a +spot called Nell's Point, is a fine well, to which great numbers of women +resort on Holy Thursday, and, having washed their eyes at the spring, +each drops a pin into it. The landlord of the boarding-house told me, + + +<span class="sidenote">Curious +custom.</span> + + +that on clearing out the well he took out a pint full of these votive offerings." +On the main land, opposite the western extremity of the island, +lies the village of Barry, near which are some remains of the castle. A +few miles north-westward from Barry are the remains of Penmark castle, +anciently the property of Sir Gilbert Humphreville, one of the followers +of Fitzhamon. Llancarvan, in this vicinity, was once the seat of a religious +house, said to have been founded by Cadoc the Wise, in the 6th +century. Llancarvan is also distinguished as the birth-place of Caradoc, +the Welsh annalist, who compiled a history of the Principality, from the +abdication of Cadwaladyr, 686, to his own time. Tref Walter, or +Walterston, in this parish, was the residence of Walter de Mapes, a +writer of some note towards the middle of the 12th century. He was +Archdeacon of Oxford, and Chaplain to Henry I. He built the church +of Llancarvan, a large substantial edifice, and the village of Walterston, +with a mansion for himself. His literary labours comprise a translation +of the British Chronicle into Latin, and a Welsh version of Geoffrey of +Monmouth's fabulous paraphrase of the same work. He wrote also a +Treatise on Agriculture in the Welsh language.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barsham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Halesworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>182</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barsham, (East)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Burnham M.</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>219</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barsham, (North)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>84</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barsham, (West)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Creek</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>342</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Bartestree</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>132</td><td align='right'>50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bartherton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Audlem</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>34</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bartholomew</td><td align='right'>lib.</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Deal</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ramsgate</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'>61</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barthomley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>449</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bartington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwick</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>76</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bartlow[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Linton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bartlow End</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>E. Illsley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>14</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>168</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BARTHOMLEY contains several townships. The nave of the church +has a richly carved wooden roof, dated 1589. On the 22d of December, +1643, a troop of Lord Byron's passing through the village, made an +attack upon this venerable edifice, into which several of the inhabitants +had gone for safety; they soon got possession of it, and having set fire to +the forms, rushes, and mats, made such a smoke that the men who had +retreated into the steeple were obliged to call for quarter, but their assailants +having got them into their power, are said to have stripped them +all, and most cruelly murdered twelve of them in cold blood, three only + + +<span class="sidenote">Cruel murder.</span> + + +being suffered to escape. A free school was founded here, in the year +1676, by the Rev. Mr. Steele, in which ten children are educated. In +the year 1787, Mrs. Mary, Mrs. Margaret, and Mrs. Judith Alsager, ladies +of the manor, obtained an Act of Parliament to enable them to finish a new +church, or chapel, to be called Christ's Church, or Chapel, in that township. +The same ladies built a school-house, and founded a school there, +for the education of children of both sexes.</p> + +<p>[B] BARTLOW. Near this place, are four contiguous barrows, known by +the name of Bartlow Hills, from their situation with respect to Bartlow +Church. These are vulgarly, though erroneously, regarded as the tumuli +raised over the slain in the battle fought between Edmund Ironside and +the Danish King, Canute, in the year 1016. It is evident, indeed, from +our account of Ashington, at page 50, that the place of action should be +sought for, rather in the vicinity of the sea than at the northern extremity +of the county. Camden states, that these stone coffins, with broken human +bones in them, were found in one of these barrows; and Hollingshead +affirms, that two bodies were found in one stone coffin. Mr. Gough remarks, +that we do not find the use of stone coffins amongst the northern +nations in their Pagan state; and the Danes were not converted until long +after the time of Canute. The origin of these barrows, therefore, cannot +now be traced.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Presteign</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rempstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>379</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Barton, (High),[A]</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Appleby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Brough</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>272</td><td align='right'>1537</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>163</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barton Bendish</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Stoke Ferry</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Downham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>459</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barton-le-Blount</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>60</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barton in the Clay</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Silsoe</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Luton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ampthill</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>720</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barton, St. Cuthbert</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>499</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barton, St. David's,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Castle Cary</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>410</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barton, (Great)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>702</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Barton Hartshorne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>145</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barton on the heath[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>L. Compton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Chip. Norton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>208</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] BARTON. Stockbridge Hall, an ancient edifice, was the seat of the +Lancasters, whose arms are yet seen on the ceiling of the dining-room, and +who continued here through twelve generations, when their estates fell to +the Lowthers. The church, which is a low and extensive building, with a +heavy tower between the chancel and the nave, contains the tomb of one + + +<span class="sidenote">Remarkable +epitaph.</span> + + +of the Lancasters; some escutcheons of several families in the neighbourhood, +and a brass plate, on which is this remarkable epitaph:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"Under this stone, reader, interred doth lie,<br /> +Beauty and virtue's true epitomy.<br /> +At her appearance the noone sun<br /> +Blushed and shrunk in, 'cause quite undone.<br /> +In her concentered did all graces dwell;<br /> +God plucked my rose that he might take a smell.<br /> +I'll say no more, but weeping, wish I may,<br /> +Soone with thy dear chaste ashes come to lay."<br /> +</p> + +<p>The lady thus extravagantly eulogised, was Frances, the wife of Launcelot +Dawes; she died in 1673. Barton school was founded in 1641, by four +priests, natives of this parish.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BARTON. Near this village is a large stone, called Four-shire stone, +from its forming the point of junction of the four counties of Gloucester, +Worcester, Warwick, and Oxford. Here once resided an attorney of so +pacific a disposition that he usually acted as mediator when disputes arose. +This anomalous person, named Dover, instituted the annual festivities +termed Cotswold Games, and was for forty years their chief supporter. + + +<span class="sidenote">Cotswold +games.</span> + + +These diversions were celebrated upon the Cotswold Hills, in Gloucestershire, +and prodigious multitudes are said to have resorted to them. They +consisted of wrestling, cudgel-playing, leaping, pitching the bar, throwing +the sledge, tossing the pike, with various other feats of strength and activity. +A castle of boards was erected on this occasion, from which guns +were frequently discharged. Dover received permission from James I. to +hold these sports, and he appeared at their celebration in the very clothes +which that monarch had formerly worn; but it is said there was much +more dignity in his form and aspect. John Heywood, the epigramatist, +speaking of these games, says—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"He fometh like a bore, the beaste should seem bold,<br /> +For he is as fierce as a lyon of Cotsolde."<br /> +</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barton[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>3231</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barton on Irwell</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>8976</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barton, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Mildenhall</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>591</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barton, St. Mary,</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas.</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>....</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Burton on Tr.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Brom</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>1344</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barton Segrave</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp.</td><td align='left'>Kettering</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wellingboro</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>203</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Barton Stacey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants.</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>626</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barton Steeple[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Charlbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>606</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barton Street</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>786</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barton in Street</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barton Turf</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worstead</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>391</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barton Westcott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Enstone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>258</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barton in the Willows,</td><td align='right'>t</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>206</td><td align='right'>202</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barugh</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>946</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barugh, Gt. & Little,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>294</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>1505</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Chipp. Ongar</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dunmow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Crewkherne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>415</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Barwick Basset</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>164</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BARTON. This ancient town is pleasantly situated about three-quarters +of a mile from the southern bank of the Humber. It was formerly +surrounded by a rampart and fossee, the remains of which are still discernable. +It was doubtless a place of great strength before the conquest, +and served as a barrier against the irruptions of the Saxons and Danes. +At the period of the conquest it was a principal port of the Humber, and + + +<span class="sidenote">Once a +place of +importance.</span> + + +until the rise of Kingston-upon-Hull it enjoyed an extensive commerce. +At present its derives its principal consequence from being the point +whence the communication with the Lincoln road is continued across the +Humber to Hull, a distance of about six miles and a half.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Monday.—<i>Fair</i>, Trinity Thursday, for cattle.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 3.0 afternoon; departs +11.15 morning—<i>Inn</i>, The Waterside Inn.</p></div> + + + + +<p>[B] STEEPLE BARTON. In this parish is situated Rowsham, which +was, for several centuries, the seat of the Dormers, and it continued in +their possession until the decease of General Dormer, in the year 1750. +That gentleman bequeathed the mansion and estates to his cousin, Sir + + +<span class="sidenote">Rowsham +House.</span> + + +Clement Cottrell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies to George II., who +annexed the name of Dormer to his own, and in whose family the property +has since remained. The situation is extremely fine, and the grounds, +which were laid out by Kent, during the life-time of General Dormer, +afford a variety of picturesque and pleasant views. The mansion was +built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but a few alterations were made at +subsequent periods. The walls are embattled, and the doors are singularly +enough perforated with holes (with slides to cover) so as to admit +muskets being pointed through them. There is a large hall, and valuable +library, containing many old and rare authors. A very excellent collection of +paintings, (about 180 in number), and of busts and other figures in bronze, +(amounting to fifty-five), has also been formed here. Horace Walpole, +in one of his eloquent letters to George Montague, has thus spoken of +this place:—"But the greatest pleasure we had, was in seeing Sir Charles +Cotterell's, at Rowsham: it reinstated Kent with me; he has no where +shewn so much taste. The house is old, and was bad; he has improved +it—stuck as close as he could to gothic; has made a delightful library, +and the whole is comfortable. The garden is Daphne in little, the sweetest +little groves, streams, glades, porticoes, cascades, and rivers imaginable: +all the scenes are perfectly classic. Well, if I had such a house, such a +library, so pretty a place, and so pretty a wife, I think I should let King +George send to Herenhausen for a Master of the Ceremonies." The pleasure-grounds +are beautifully shaded by flourishing and noble beech trees; +they are also ornamented by several stone statues, which all throw up +water, except a very fine one of the dying gladiator, and a group of the +lion tearing the horse, by Sheemacher.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>35</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>188</td><td align='right'>1922</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Baschurch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>161</td><td align='right'>1321</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Basford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Woore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>85</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Basford[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Arnold</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>6325</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Basford[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Longnor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bashall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>310</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Basilden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Streatley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>780</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Basildon</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Billericay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Gravesend</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>124</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Basing, Old[C]</td><td align='right'>to & ch</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Odiham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>1113</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BASFORD lies in a bottom, approached from the race-ground. The +scenery around it is rich in the extreme. This village has greatly increased + + +<span class="sidenote">The trade.</span> + + +of late, from various manufactures, and the improvements consequent +upon them. Here are corn and cotton-mills, and the bleaching +and dying branches of business are carried on with considerable success. +The church has a very handsome spire, with a nave and side aisles in very +good order, but there are no ancient inscriptions. The importance of this +place has also been kept up, by its being the seat of the Court of the Honour +of Peverel, since it was removed from Nottingham. It sits twice in the +year, to try causes as high as £50. A jail for the court is situated here, +which Howard describes as having, at the time of his writing, merely one +room, with three beds; but the keepers told him he had another little +room for women prisoners, of whom there being none in his custody, he +applied the apartment to domestic uses. A bowling-green, close by the +jail, is much frequented by the inhabitants of Nottingham. At Mapperley, +a hamlet in this parish, is a handsome seat of Ichabod Wright, Esq., a +banker of Nottingham.</p> + + +<p>[B] BASFORD. Here was born, in 1630, the celebrated Charles Cotton, +a burlesque poet of the seventeenth century. He received his education + + +<span class="sidenote">Charles +Cotton.</span> + + +at Cambridge, and afterwards travelled through France. On his return +to England he resided with his father at Basford, in the neighbourhood of +the Peak. His first production was, a poetical essay on the gallant Earl +of Derby. In 1656, he married a daughter of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, a +Nottinghamshire Knight. Two years after this his father died; he then +succeeded him in the family estate, which was encumbered with mortgages: +being of an improvident disposition, he was subject to constant +embarrassments, and was even confined for some months in a prison for +debt. After the death of his first wife, he married the Countess Dowager of +Ardglass. He died at Westminster in 1687. Some of his poems, of considerable +merit, were published after his death.</p> + + + +<p>[C] BASING, or OLD BASING, though a small village, is of some importance, +as the scene of a desperate and bloody battle between the Danes and +the Saxons, in 871, commanded by King Ethelred and his brother Alfred, +when the latter were defeated. It was, however, rendered more famous +by the gallant stand made against the parliamentary forces in the reign of +Charles I., by John Poulet, Marquis of Winchester, a lineal descendant + + +<span class="sidenote">Great battles +fought +here.</span> + + +of Hugh de Port, who, at the time of the Domesday Survey, held 55 lordships +in this county. This small village was the principal of these extensive +possessions, and appears to have been the very site of a castle, as +mention of the land of the old castle of Basing is made in a grant allowed +by John de Port, to the neighbouring priory at Monks Sherborne, in the +reign of Henry II. His grandson, William, assumed the surname of +St. John; and Robert, Lord St. John, in the 43d of Henry III., obtained +a license to fix a pole upon the bann of his moat, at Basing, with permission +to continue it so fortified during the pleasure of the King. In the +reign of Richard II., Basing was transferred by marriage to the Poynings; +and again, in the time of Henry VI., to the Paulets, by the alliance of +Constance with Sir John Paulet, of Nunny Castle, in Somersetshire. Sir +William Paulet, Knt., third in descent from this couple, created Baron +St. John, of Basing, by Henry VIII.; and Earl of Wiltshire, and Marquis +of Winchester, by Edward VI., was a very accomplished and polite +nobleman, greatly in favour at court during most of the successive changes +that occurred in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, +and Queen Elizabeth. He held the office of treasurer nearly 30 years, +sustaining himself by the courtly maxim, of "being a willow, and not an +oak." He rebuilt Basing Castle, in a magnificent, and even in a princely +style; indeed, so much so, that Camden, in allusion to the immense expense +of living entailed on his family by its splendour, observes that, "it +was so overpowered by its own weight, that his posterity has been forced +to pull down a part of it." Here, in 1560, he entertained Queen Elizabeth +with "all good cheer," and so much to her satisfaction, that she playfully + + +<span class="sidenote">Queen +Elizabeth +splendidly +entertained +here for 13 +days.</span> + + +lamented his great age; "for by my troth," said she, "if my Lord +Treasurer were but a young man, I could find it in my heart to have him +for a husband before any man in England." William, the great-grandson +of this nobleman, and fourth Marquis of Winchester, had also, in 1601, +the honour of having Queen Elizabeth for a guest for "thirteen days, to +the great charge of the sayde Lorde Marquesse." During her residence +here, the Duke of Biron, accompanied by about 20 of the French nobility, +and a retinue of about 400 persons, were accommodated at the Vine, the +seat of Lord Sandys, which had been purposely furnished with hangings +and plate from the Tower, and Hampton Court, and with seven score beds +and furniture, "which the willing and obedient people of the countrie of +Southampton, upon two days' warning, had brought in thither to lend +the Queen." When Elizabeth departed from Basing, she affirmed, +that "she had done that in Hampshire, that none of her ancestors ever +did; neither that any Prince in Christendom could do: that was, she +had in her progresses, in her subject's houses, entertained a royal ambassador, +and had royally entertained him." John, son of the preceding, +and fifth Marquis of Winchester, was the brave nobleman who rendered +his name immortal by his gallant defence of Basing House, in the cause of +Charles I., during a tedious succession of sieges and blockades, which, +with short intermissions, continued upwards of two years. The journal +of the siege, printed in Oxford, in 1645, is one of the most eventful pieces +of history during the civil war. The final investment appears to have been +undertaken by Cromwell, who took it by storm, in October 1645, and +burnt it to the ground, in despite of the Aimez Loyaulte, which the Marquis + + +<span class="sidenote">Burnt by +Cromwell.</span> + + +had written with a diamond in every window, and which has ever +since been the motto of the family arms. The plunder obtained on this +occasion is said to have amounted to £200,000. in cash, jewels, and rich +furniture. The number of soldiers slain before the walls from the commencement +of the siege, is recorded to have been upwards of 2,000. There +is a traditionary report, that the garrison was partly surprized through +some of the troops being engaged at cards when the assault commenced. +From a survey made in 1798, it appears that the area of the works, including +the garden and entrenchments, occupied about fourteen acres and +a half. The form was extremely irregular, the ditches very deep, and the +ramparts high and strong; some of the remains are yet very bold and +striking. The site of the ruins is particularly commanding. The canal +from Basingstoke has been cut through a part of the works, and the outward +entrenchments have been rendered very obscure and imperfect from +recent improvements in the grounds. The brave Marquis, whose property +was reduced to ruin in the cause of his Sovereign, lived to the restoration, +but received no recompence for his immense losses. He died in 1674, and +was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles, who, when he saw that other +men of sense were at their wits' end, in the arbitary and tyrannical reign +of James II., thought it prudent to assume the character of a madman, as +the first Brutus did, in the reign of Tarquin. He danced, hunted, or +hawked, a part of the day, went to bed before noon, and constantly +sat at table all night. He went to dinner at six or seven in the evening, +and his meal lasted till six or seven in the morning; during which time +he ate, drank, smoked, talked, or listened to music. The company that + + +<span class="sidenote">The sixth +Marquis of +Winchester, +a singular +character.</span> + + +dined with him were at liberty to rise and amuse themselves, or to take a +nap, whenever they were so disposed; but the dishes and bottles were all +the while standing upon the table. Such a man as this was thought a +very unlikely person to concern himself with politics, or with religion. By +this conduct, he was neither embroiled in public affairs, nor gave the least +umbrage to the court; but he exerted himself so much in the revolution, +that he was, for his eminent services, created Duke of Bolton: he afterwards +raised a regiment of foot for the reduction of Ireland. Charles, son +of the former, and second Duke of Bolton, assisted in the great work of the +revolution; and was one of the noblemen appointed at Exeter, in November, +1688, to manage the revenues of the Prince of Orange, as Sovereign +of England. In 1717, he was declared Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. +Charles, the eldest son, and third Duke of Bolton, filled several high +offices in the state. This nobleman, on the death of his first wife, from +whom he had long been separated, wedded the celebrated Lavinia Beswick, +or Fenton, more known by the name of Polly Peachem, from her celebrity + + +<span class="sidenote">Polly +Peachem.</span> + + +in the performance of that character in the "Beggar's Opera." The parish +church of Basing is a large, ancient, and curious structure, standing at a +short distance from the site of Basing House, with a tower rising in the +centre. In a niche at the west-end is a figure of the Virgin Mary: the +roof is supported by round arches, springing from massive columns. This +edifice was repaired in 1510, by Sir John Paulet, who, with his father, +John Paulet, Esq., and their respective wives, lie buried beneath two +arched tombs, one on each side the chancel. Beneath the south aisle is +the family vault of the Paulets, in which six Dukes of Bolton, with many +of their noble relations, are deposited. A mural monument has also been +erected in this church to the memory of Francis Russel, Esq., F.R.S. and +F.S.A., a native of Basingstoke, who assisted Mr. Nichols in his History +of Leicestershire. He died in 1795.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke[A]</td><td align='right'>mt & p</td><td align='left'>Hants.</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Winchester </td><td align='right'>17 </td><td align='right'>46 </td><td align='right'>3581</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BASINGSTOKE. This large, ancient, and populous town is situated +in a pleasant and well-wooded part of the county, and commands a considerable +trade from its standing at the junction of five great roads. +In the "Domesday Book" it is mentioned as always having been a royal + + +<span class="sidenote">Royal +manor.</span> + + +manor, and as never having paid any tax, nor been distributed into hides: it +is also noticed in that survey as having a market, whose tolls were worth +"thirty shillings": we presume this to have been the weekly collection—a +large sum in those days. From this town a canal was made to the river +Wey, in Surrey; it was commenced in 1778. Its length is thirty-seven +miles and a quarter, and the expense of cutting it amounted to £100,000. +A large portion of this sum was laid out in forming a tunnel, nearly three +quarters of a mile in length, through a hill near Odiham. Besides corn and +flour, coals, timber, manure, and goods of almost every description are conveyed +to different parts of the country by this channel. The first barge +arrived at Basingstoke Wharf in January, 1794. Among the numerous +projected advantages which led to the formation of the canal, was, the presumed +cultivation of Bagshot Heath, and other heaths within the line of its +course. A beautiful ruin overlooks the town on the north side, called +Holy Ghost chapel. This was founded by Sir William, afterwards Lord +Sandys, who with Bishop Fox, obtained a licence from Henry VIII. to +found a brotherhood, to continue in perpetual succession, for the maintenance +of a priest to perform divine service, and for the instruction of youth +in literature. On an eminence in the vicinity, is an ancient encampment +of an elliptical form, supposed to be British, three thousand three hundred + + +<span class="sidenote">Aubrey +Camp.</span> + + +feet in circumference; it is called "Aubrey Camp," or familiarly "Bury +Bank;" the ditch on the outside is partly filled up by the labours of the +agriculturist; and in Rook's Down, in this neighbourhood, while cutting a +new road in 1831, a number of human skeletons were discovered, supposed +to be of those who fell in some battle fought near this place. The +free grammar school adjoins the venerable ruins of the chapel of the Holy +Ghost; it is an ancient edifice, and is supposed originally to have been the +parish church. This grammar school was first founded by Sir William +Sandys, in connexion with the "Guild of the Holy Ghost," and was +re-established upon the dissolution of that fraternity, by Queen Mary, in +the succeeding reign. There are twelve boys at present on the foundation. +Drs. Jos. Warton, the refined poet and critic, and his brother Thomas +Warton, Poet Laureate, were both educated here, under their father, Thomas +Warton, B.D., Professor of Poetry in the university of Oxford, a writer of +considerable ability. John De Basinge, a learned Greek scholar, a friend +and contemporary of that intelligent historian, Matthew Paris, was a +native of this town. He was a man eminent for piety and learning, and +a perfect master of the Greek and Latin languages—an eloquent orator—an +able mathematician, and a sound divine. Having laid the foundation of +his university learning at Oxford, he went to Paris, and from thence to +Athens; upon his return to England, he brought over several curious +Greek manuscripts, and introduced the use of Greek numerical figures + + +<span class="sidenote">Eminent +men born<br /> +here.</span> + + +into this country; and to facilitate the knowledge of that rich language, +which at that remote period was very little known or appreciated in the +western world. He translated from the Greek, into the Latin, the celebrated +Grammar, entitled "The Denatus of the Greeks," and the learning +and piety of this truly good man, recommended him to the esteem of +all the lovers of literature of that time: particularly that of Robert Grosteste, +Bishop of Lincoln, by whom he was promoted from the Archdeaconry +of London, to that of Leicester; he died in 1252. Among other +subjects he wrote a Latin translation of the harmony of the four Gospels; +and it was this learned individual that informed Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, +that he had seen at Athens, a book called "The Testament of the +Twelve Patriarchs," upon which the Bishop sent for it and translated it +into Latin; this valuable MS. was first printed in 1555, and has often +been reprinted in English. At Basingstoke, was also born Sir James +Lancaster, an eminent navigator, who in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, +explored the Arctic Sea. Thomas Warton, the historian of English +Poetry, was descended from an ancient and honorable family in Beverly, +County York, and born at Basingstoke, in 1728; from his infancy he +discovered a vein for poetry, and at the age of nine years he wrote to +his sister that remarkable production of his genius: viz. a translation +from the Latin of Martial:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"When bold Leander sought his distant fair,<br /> +(Nor could the sea a braver burthen bear)<br /> +Thus to the swelling waves he spake his woe,<br /> +Drown me on my return—but spare me as I go."<br /> +</p> + +<p>This curious document bears date from the school of Basingstoke, Nov. +1737. In March 1773, at the age of sixteen, he was admitted a Commoner +at Trinity College, Oxford, and soon after elected a Scholar. At +this college Mr. Warton continued, with trifling intervals, forty-seven +years. In 1745, he published "The Pleasures of Melancholy." In 1749, +in consequence of a foolish riot occasioned by some of the scholars, Mason, +the Poet, produced a poem called the "Isis," reflecting upon the loyalty +of the college, upon which Mr. Warton immediately wrote the "Triumph +of Isis," a poem of some merit, and a severe commentary upon the other +production. About this time, his talents being generally acknowledged, +he became Poet Laureate, and in 1750 he took a Master's Degree, and in +1751 succeeded to a Fellowship. In 1754 he published his observations +on the "Faerie Queene of Spencer." In 1757, upon the resignation of +Mr Hawkins, of Pembroke College, he was elected Professor of Poetry, +which he held according to the usual custom for ten years. He died, +May 21, 1790. Basingstoke is one of the polling places for the northern +division of the county.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Tuesday, for cheese and cattle; Whit-Wednesday for +pedlary; September 23, for cattle and hiring servants, Devonport. <i>Mail</i> arrives 12.55 morning; +departs 1.48 morning.—<i>Bankers</i>, Raggett and Co., draw on Masterman and Co.—<i>Inn</i>, +Crown.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Basingthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Corby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Folingham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>122</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Basingwerk[A]</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Holeywell</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Park Gate</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Baslow</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Middleton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>863</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BASINGWERK. This place is chiefly celebrated for the remains of +its ancient abbey; for the vestiges of a house belonging to the Knights +Templars; and for a castle, once the key to this part of the country. The +abbey, which had the names also of Maes-Glas and Greenfield monastery, + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient +Abbey.</span> + + +is beautifully situated in a meadow between two hills, on the eastern side +of the mouth of the Holywell river. It was founded, according to Tanner, +in 1131, by Ranulph, Earl of Chester; others say in 1150, by Henry II. +The abbot was frequently summoned to attend in parliament by Edward I. +and at the dissolution of monasteries, the annual revenue amounted to +£150 7s. 3d. The remains convey an imperfect idea of the original +architecture. The doors and lower arches were semi-circular and unornamented, +the windows were long, narrow, and pointed; but the south +wall of the transept, one doorway, and one pointed arch, are all that +remain of the church, and the offices have entirely disappeared. At a short +distance from the ruins is an oak of great age, called the Abbot's Oak, +which measures fifteen feet two inches in circumference. But the oaks +and elms in this neighbourhood, though of a large size, appear withered +and blasted by the effect of the channel breezes; the sycamores and +maples are the only trees that flourish; a useful hint to planters. The house +for the lay order of the Knights Templars, was instituted by Henry II., +for the purpose of defence against the inroads of the Welsh, and of this +no more than some portion of the offices remain. Vestiges of the castle + + +<span class="sidenote">Mostyn +Hall.</span> + + +are yet visible in the fragments and foundation of a wall at some distance +from the abbey, on the very margin of Watts-dyke. On a slope among +hanging woods, near the township of Bagilt, stands Bagilt hall, a substantial +mansion of ancient erection, late the seat of Paul Panton, Esq. +Mostyn hall, a seat of Sir Thomas Mostyn, exhibits a variety of interesting +features. Approached by a venerable avenue and a magnificent gateway, +it stands in a small but beautiful park; it consisted originally of a +square tower and two halls, in the larger of which the festive orgies of +the baronial board were performed; but large additions were made in +1631, and many of its pristine features are defaced. Numerous paintings +decorate the rooms, consisting for the most part of portraits, which illustrate +all the varieties of costume in the several ages of their production; +among the treasures of art are also many unique statues, busts, bronzes, +and other articles of ancient or foreign production. In this neighbourhood +are numerous collieries, the different appearance of which are phenomena +interesting to the geologist. On the summit of a height called +Mostyn mountain, is a monumental stone denominated Maen Achwynfan +(the stone of lamentation). Its form is that of an obelisk; in height +twelve feet, and two feet-four in thickness. It is probably a memorial of +the dead slain in battle; but there appear to be no certain grounds for +determining the period of its formation.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bassaleg[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>1664</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bassenthwaite</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Keswick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cockermth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ireby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>296</td><td align='right'>549</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Basset House</td><td align='right'>ex.p.lib</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>23</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bassingbourn</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>1446</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bassingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Navenby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>704</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bassington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Eglingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Whittingham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>312</td><td align='right'>613</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Baston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bourn</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>709</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bastwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>219</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Baswich</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rugeley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Penkridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>546</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Batcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Cerne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>178</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Batcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bruton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shepton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>839</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bath[B]</td><td align='right'>city</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>38063</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] BASSALEG, a beautiful picturesque little village. In this parish +was a Priory of black monks of the Benedictine order, founded by Robert +de Haye, and Gundreda, his wife, between the years 1101 and 1120. No +remains of this building exist but a ruin in a wood, about one mile distant +from the church, called Coed-y-monachty, which is supposed to have +been part of the structure. At about one mile distant, near the road to +Llanfihangel, is a circular encampment, called Careg-y-saesson, but +almost obscured by underwood. Its name has induced some to attribute +it to the Saxons, but saesson is a term of reproach, which the Welsh +bestow on all foreigners. The entrenchment is a single foss and rampart +of earth. About one mile distant is another of a singular shape, with loose +stones lying in the foss, probably the remains of walls. These fortresses +are apparently British, and a meadow near Machen Place, called Maes +Arthur, records the memory of that celebrated hero. From Bassaleg to the +vale of Machen, the country is undulating and fertile. This vale is pleasingly + + +<span class="sidenote">Machen +place.</span> + + +sequestered, yet intermixed with wildness and cultivation. The hills +which skirt it are partly covered with herbage, and partly overhung with +thick forests. The Rumney continues the boundary of the two counties +of Monmouth and Glamorgan. This river, with the church, and Machen +hill, almost covered with lime-kilns, give variety and cheerfulness to the +scenery. Machen Place lies at the commencement of the vale, under the +hanging groves of Rupara. A circular apartment called the hunting-room +is decorated with a rich stuccoed ceiling, representing Diana in the middle, +surrounded with seats, churches, and parties, in twelve compartments.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BATH. This ancient and far-famed city is the chief ornament of the +west of England; that it is indebted to its medicinal springs for its origin +as well as importance, there can be little doubt, but the period of its +foundation is altogether unknown. The discovery of its springs, or rather, +of their virtues, was for a long time ascribed to King Bladud, traditionally +recorded "as the son of Lud Hudibras, King of Britain, about 2,500 years +ago. In his youth he became infected with the leprosy, and, at the +petition of the courtiers, who feared the contagion, was banished by his +father from the palace. The Queen, on his departure, gave him a ring, +as a token by which he should make himself known to her if ever he recovered. +The young prince, when he reached Keynsham, met with a +swineherd, by whom he was retained as an assistant. In a short time, + + +<span class="sidenote">King Bladud.</span> + + +he perceived that he had tainted the pigs with his leprosy. To conceal +this misfortune, he sought permission to drive the herd to the opposite +side of the Avon, under pretext that the acorns there were finer, and more +abundant. Passing the river at a ford, since denominated Swineford, he +led his herd to the hills on the north-side of Bath. While he was addressing +his prayers to the rising sun, the pigs, impelled by a sudden +phrenzy, ran up the valley to the spot where the hot-springs, boiling up, + + + +<span class="sidenote">The discovery +of the +Baths.</span> + + +mixed their waters with the decayed weeds and foliage, and formed a bog. +In this warm oozy-bed they began to roll, and wallow with delight; +nor could their keeper allure them away, until extreme hunger pressed them +to follow him. On washing them, he perceived that some had shed their +white scurf; and he had not been many days longer in these parts, here he +perceived that one of his best sows, which had been long wandering in the +mire about the waters, was perfectly cured. Bladud, judging that the remedy +which had succeeded in a particular instance, would prove generally +efficacious, stripped himself naked, alternately rolled in the mud, and +washed in the waters; and, after a few repetitions of this discipline, came +out perfectly sound. Elated by this good fortune, he drove home his + + +<span class="sidenote">Bladud and +his pigs.</span> + +pigs, returned to court, and, shewing his ring, was recognized with rapture, +and restored to his former rank and dignity. His father afterwards +determined on sending him to Athens, to improve his natural genius. A +splendid retinue was ordered to attend him; but Bladud preferred to travel +as a private person, considering the parade of grandeur as an impediment +to the acquisition of knowledge. After devoting eleven years to +the study of literature, mathematics, and necromancy, he returned to +Britain, was appointed Regent during his father's old age, and succeeded +to the throne after his death. One of his first public works was the erection +of a city near the springs, which thenceforward became the capital of +the British monarchs. In his old age he devoted himself to the formation +of visionary projects; the most daring of which was the construction of a +pair of wings to fly with. In one of his attempts he fell and broke his +neck, much to the grief of his subjects, who had enjoyed the blessings of +his wise government more than twenty years." This account of the origin +of Bath was long popular; but the inquiries of the present day have proved +it unworthy of credit, and have adduced reasons to conclude that the city +was founded by the Romans, about the middle of the first century. The + + +<span class="sidenote">The Roman +city.</span> + + +form of the city approached to a parallelogram, extending on one side so +as to form an outline somewhat pentagonal, and stretching in length, from +east to west, about 1200 feet, and in the broadest parts, from north to +south, 1140 feet. The wall, which enclosed this space, appears, from +subsequent discoveries, to have been twenty feet above ground in height, +and in thickness sixteen feet at the base, and eight at the summit, +strengthened with five towers, rising at the angles, and having four portæ, +or entrances, facing the cardinal points, which were connected by two +grand streets, dividing the city into four parts, and intersecting each other +at the centre. Near the point of intersection were the springs, which the +Romans converted into magnificent baths, by attaching to them suitable +edifices, which, when complete, extended to two hundred and forty feet +from east to west, and one hundred and twenty from north to south. The +Roman appellation of the city, expressive of the genial heat and vigour +derived from the springs, was Aquæ Solis, the waters of the sun. Roads +were soon constructed to communicate with the neighbouring posts and +encampments, and "a little Rome began to adorn a dreary and inhospitable +wild." Agricola passed a winter here, after his successful campaign in +Wales; and Arian erected here a "fabrica," or college of armourers. +About the year 208, Geta, the younger son of Septimius Severus, resided +in Bath, while his father was in Caledonia, quelling an insurrection. +Some complimentary statues were raised on this and other occasions. +The most eminent of the Roman structures was the temple of Minerva, on + + +<span class="sidenote">Their temples +and baths.</span> + + +the eastern side of the great fosse-way, and nearly mid-way between the +Porta Decumana, and the Porta Flumentana. Its western front consisted +of a portico, supported by large fluted columns, of the Corinthian order. +Behind this temple, towards the east, stood the splendid baths, the foundations +of which were discovered in 1755, at the depth of twenty feet +beneath the surface. Of the remains of Roman grandeur discovered from +time to time, various specimens are preserved, and deposited, by order of +the corporation, in a small building erected for the purpose, at the end of +Bath-street. In the year 493, a large army of Saxons, under the command +of Ælla, and his three sons, Cymenus, Pleting, and Cissa, +encamped on Lansdown, and laid siege to Bath. At this period the heroic +Arthur was performing wonders in favour of his countrymen. Apprized +of the operations of the Saxon general, he hastened after him, attacked, +and defeated him in a bloody and obstinate battle. About twenty-seven +years afterwards, he again delivered Bath from the assaults of these ferocious +invaders, by defeating a powerful army, on which occasion he is +said to have slain four hundred and forty men with his own hand. John +de Villula, a native of Tours, purchased the demesne of Rufus, in 1090, for +five hundred marks, and obtained permission to remove the Pontifical +seat from Wells thither; he rebuilt the monastery and church, restored the +public and private edifices, and thus became the founder of a new city, on +the ruins of the old one. Henry I. confirmed and extended the privileges + + +<span class="sidenote">The monastery.</span> + + +which his predecessor had granted, by adding the hidage of the city; and, +in 1106, Villula, then Bishop of Bath, conferred the whole on the monastery +of St. Peter. Henry paid a visit to Bath in the Easter of 1107. +The city remained in the possession of the bishops until 1193, when +Savaric gave it to Richard I., in exchange for the rich Abbey of Glastonbury. +The prior, however, continued to hold the city under an annual +rent of thirty pounds, exclusive of the levies which were made by the king +on extraordinary emergencies. One of these occurred in the forty-seventh +year of Edward III., to the amount of £13. 6s. 8d., a sum which conveys +the idea of the inferiority of Bath, in point of population, to Bristol, +which paid seven times as much. Four years after that period, the number +of lay inhabitants in the city, above the age of fourteen, amounted to +570, and that of the clerics, in the archdeaconry, to 201. In this and +succeeding reigns the property of the monastery was greatly augmented; +and the monks of Bath are said to have cultivated the manufacture of +cloth to such an extent as to render it one of the principal cities in the west +of England for that branch of trade. This city sent Members to Parliament + + +<span class="sidenote">Monks were +clothiers.</span> + + +as early as 1297. Queen Elizabeth, in 1590, granted a charter, which declared +Bath to be a city of itself, and constituted a certain number of the +citizens as a corporation, by "the name of the Mayor, Aldermen, and +Citizens of the City of Bath." In the reign of James II. the corporation +shut the gates against the Duke of Monmouth, when he summoned them, +and apprehended the few adherents to his cause that remained within +their walls. Six of these unfortunate persons afterwards fell victims to +the vindictive cruelty of Jefferies. The Jacobite principles prevailed at +Bath long after the revolution; and Carte, the historian, is said to have +headed a party in favour of the pretender, during the rebellion of 1715. +Being discovered, he leaped out of a window in his canonicals, and fled. +The city is nearly surrounded by an amphitheatre of hills of considerable +height. This range of hills opens to allow a course for the Avon, which +winds around it, receiving numerous articles of merchandize, from hence +conveyed in barges to Bristol. Bath is divided into four parishes: St. Peter +and St. Paul, St. James, St. Michael, and Walcot, exclusive of the out +parishes of Bath-Hampton, Bath-Wick, Bath-Ford, and Bath-Easton. + + +<span class="sidenote">Cathedral +and other +churches.</span> + + +The parish of St. Peter and St. Paul occupies the centre of the city, and +formerly contained two churches, the abbey church, and the church of St. +Mary of Stall, which stood on the spot of ground now occupied by the +houses connected with the Pump-room Piazza. The Abbey church of +Bath is of that class of architecture commonly denominated the Florid +Gothic. It remains in the same form as when finished in 1532. It was +founded by Oliver King, Bishop of Bath and Wells. It is in length, from +east to west, 210 feet; length of the cross aisles, from north to south, 126 +feet; breadth of the body and aisles, 72 feet; height of the tower, 152 +feet; and the height of the roof, or vaulting, 78 feet. The west window +is of extreme richness. The buttresses, on each side of the aisle windows, +are ornamented with rolls, containing inscriptions, not now legible, but are +said to contain the following allegorical allusion to the founder's name, +taken out of the book of Judges, chap. ix. verse 8:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"Trees, going to choose their king,<br /> +Said—be to us the Olive king." +</p> + +<p>The windows of this church, fifty-two in number, are supposed to have +given rise to its appellation of the Lantern of England. Here are various +monuments, ancient and modern, and a handsome altar-piece, representing +The Wise Men's Offering, given by General Wade. Here is also a fine +specimen of monumental architecture in the little chapel, or oratory of +Prior Bird, who died in 1525. This chapel has suffered much from having +its tracery despoiled, and a part of it cut away to make room for a wooden +seat, called the Bishop's Throne. One of the most beautiful and conspicuous +monuments which ornament the transepts and nave is, that of +Bishop Montague, at the north centre end of the nave. It is an altar-tomb, +over which the effigy of the prelate in his robes, lies prostrate on its + +<span class="sidenote">Quin's monumental<br /> +inscription.</span> + +back. Opposite to this is a pillar, bearing a neat monument, having on a +pyramid of Sienna marble, a medallion, with a half-length figure of the +witty and celebrated Quin. On a tablet below is the following inscription:</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"That tongue which set the table in a roar,<br /> +And charm'd the public ear, is heard no more:<br /> +Closed are those eyes, the harbingers of wit,<br /> +Which spake, before the tongue, what Shakspeare writ;<br /> +Cold is that hand, which living was stretch'd forth,<br /> +At friendship's call to succour modest worth.<br /> +Here lies James Quin:—Deign, reader, to be taught,<br /> +Whate'er thy strength of body, force of thought,<br /> +In nature's happiest mould however cast,<br /> +'To this complexion thou must come at last.' D. GARRICK.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Ob. MDCCLXVI. Etatis LXXIII."</span> +</p> + + + + + +<p>Near the last mentioned monument lies buried the celebrated Beau Nash, +long master of the ceremonies at Bath. Richard Nash was a native of +Swansea in Glamorganshire, and was born October 18, 1674. His parents + + +<span class="sidenote">Account of +the celebrated Beau +Nash.</span> + + +were in a respectable situation of life; and young Nash received a +competent classical education at Carmarthen school, from whence he was +sent to Jesus College, Oxford, at the early age of sixteen. He was intended +for the profession of the law; but this study was too dull and dry +for a person of his volatile turn. Pleasure was the goddess he adored; +and to whose service he devoted himself. He soon involved himself in an +intrigue with an artful female in Oxford, of which description there are +always numbers who are laying baits for young men of family or personal +appearance, and in consequence of this he was removed from the University. +His relations now purchased a pair of colours for him in the army; and +here his taste for gallantry and dissipation would have been fully gratified, +had not his inferior rank, and the duties attached to it, subjected him to +subordination and restraint, which appeared intolerable to a man born for +empire, and whose ruling passion was too strong to submit to control. +He, therefore, left the army in disgust, and returned to the law, which he +had discarded, by entering himself a student of the Middle Temple. Soon +afterwards Nash was presented with an opportunity of exercising his natural +talents. It had been an ancient custom with the society to which he +now belonged, to entertain every new sovereign with a revel and a pageant. +On the accession of William, Prince of Orange, Nash was selected as the +most proper person to conduct this mighty business; and he succeeded so + + +<span class="sidenote">Refused to +be knighted.</span> + + +well, that, it is said, William offered to knight him, an honour which he +declined. His abilities, however, had attracted public notice, and this +paved the way to his future success. Bath then beginning to rise into +some little repute as a place of fashionable resort, Nash was induced to +visit it in pursuit of pleasure, and soon made himself conspicuous by his +taste, wit, and gaiety. At this period, it was the fashion for both sexes to +bathe together quite naked, and for ladies to adorn their heads before they +entered the bath with all the lures of dress. By these means their charms +were set off to such advantage, that the husband of a lady in the Cross +Bath, who with Nash and other spectators were admiring the female +dabblers, told his wife "she looked like an angel, and he wished to be with +her." Nash seized the favourable occasion to establish his reputation as a +man of gallantry and spirit, and therefore suddenly taking the gentleman +by the collar and the waistband of his breeches, soused him over the +parapet into the bath. The consequence was a duel, in which Nash was +wounded in the sword-arm; and, as it does not appear he was fond of fighting, +it is probable that this incident prompted him when he rose to power, +to issue his edict against wearing swords at Bath, "except by such as +were not entitled to wear them at any other place." About this time a +vacancy happening in the office of master of the ceremonies, a place hitherto +of little profit or honour, the well known talent of Nash for the direction +and invention of amusements, operated so much in his favour, that he +was chosen "arbiter elegantiarum," and invested with the fullest power +to order, arrange, and improve, the manner of the company, routine of +amusements, and points of etiquette. Under the equal administration of + + +<span class="sidenote">Conduct of +Nash towards the +Princess +Amelia.</span> + + +Nash, no rank could protect the offender, nor any dignity of situation +influence him to connive at a breach of his laws. He deliberately desired +the Duchess of Queensbury, who appeared at a dress ball in an apron, to +take it off; and when the Princess Amelia requested to have one dance +more after eleven o'clock, he replied, that the laws of Bath, like those of +Lycurgus, were unalterable. This firmness of character was attended +with the most beneficial consequences; and Nash, not ignorant what +majesty is when stripped of its externals, took care by his dress and equipage +to support the rank he assumed. He wore a large white hat, and +drove a carriage with six greys, escorted by several persons on horseback, +and foot, with French horns and other kinds of musical instruments. +The Prince of Wales, the Prince of Orange, the nobility and gentry, all +treated him with respect; and the corporation, who might be considered +as his privy council, never took any steps without his fiat. His prosperity +was of long duration; and, if a man who supported himself by +gambling and intrigues, can be said to deserve prosperity, it was +justly due to this celebrated character: but at length age and infirmities +approached! and though Horace says, we should preserve consistency to +the last, it appeared ridiculous to see grey hairs and decrepitude aping the +gaiety and hilarity of youth. His admirers in consequence fell off; and +he lived to be sensible of the folly of a life solely devoted to pleasure, and +the vanity of pomp, whether real or affected.—Beau Nash died February + + +<span class="sidenote">His death.</span> + + +3, 1761, and was buried at the expence of the corporation, in the abbey +church, with much pomp and solemnity. The crowd that attended his +funeral was so great, that not only the streets were filled, but the very +tops of the houses were covered with spectators.—Amongst the places of + + +<span class="sidenote">Dissenting +Chapels.</span> + + +worship for the Dissenters, are the Unitarian chapel, in Trim Street; the +Baptist chapel, in Garrard Street; the Quaker's meeting-house on St. +James's Parade; the chapel of the Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians, in +Monmouth Street; a chapel belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists, in +New King Street; an Independant Calvinist chapel, in Argyle Street; a +sort of semi-episcopal chapel, in the connection of the late Countess of +Huntingdon, in Harlequin Row; and a Roman Catholic chapel in +Orchard Street. The original pump-room, began in 1704, was opened +under the auspices of Mr. Nash. Its object was to enable the drinkers +to take exercise without exposing themselves to the weather. The room +was enlarged in 1751; a portico, stretching from it in a northerly direction, +was added in 1786; and a superb western frontispiece in 1791. +Five years afterwards, Mr. Baldwin the architect, erected a new pump-room +on the site of the old one, on a more extensive and magnificent +scale. During the full season, a company of musicians perform in the +gallery every morning. Those who drink the waters, are expected to pay +about a guinea per month, besides a gratuity to the pumper. The public +baths are the King's Bath, and Queen's Bath, which are connected with +each other; the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath. The private baths are +those belonging to the corporation, in Stall Street, adjoining the King's +Bath, built in 1788, with dry pumps, sudatories, and every other accommodation; +and the neat and convenient baths, called the Duke of Kingston's, +or the Abbey Baths, belonging to Earl Manvers. The latter are +supplied from the same source as the great pump-room. The Bath +springs are said to have three distinct sources, the King's Bath, the Hot +Bath, and the Cross Bath, which arise within a small distance of each +other. They contain a small quantity of carbonic acid gas, and also of +azotic gas; some sulphate of soda, and muriate of soda; selenite, carbonate +of lime; siliceous earth; and a portion of oxyd of iron. These +waters, taken internally, operate as a stimulant; they increase the action +of the blood-vessels, and promote the various secretions, particularly those + + +<span class="sidenote">Use of the +waters in +certain disorders.</span> + + +of urine and perspiration. The diseases in which their external and internal +uses render most service, are affections of the liver and stomach, +jaundice, hypochondriasis, and chlorosis. They are especially efficacious +in that state of gout termed atonic. The external application of the water +is highly beneficial in palsy, chronic rheumatism, cutaneous diseases, +scrofula, lameness, contractions, &c. The water, in all cases, should if +practicable, be drunk hot from the pump. Its effect on the stomach and +nerves are sometimes remarkably speedy; persons who have lost their +appetites and spirits by high living, have, by using them a few days, recovered +their powers of digestion and cheerfulness of mind. The quantity +taken is seldom more than a pint and a half in the course of the day, +and is divided into three portions, two before breakfast, allowing half an +hour between them, and a third at noon. The condition of the patient is, +however, to be strictly attended to: and the quantity must be regulated +at the discretion of the physician. The General Hospital of this city was +established for the reception of all the sick poor in the united kingdom, +whose complaints require relief from the springs of the place; excepting +the resident poor, who have the advantage of taking the waters at their +own houses, at a moderate charge. Edward the Sixth granted upwards +of eighty tenements, gardens, &c. within the city and its suburbs, for the +purpose of founding a grammar-school at Bath, and maintaining ten +poor folk within the said town for ever. The Bath Theatre is scarcely +inferior to those of the metropolis. The present building was erected + + +<span class="sidenote">The Theatre.</span> + + +about the year 1805, in the centre of the city; and from its height, it +forms a prominent object in the distance from all its environs. There +are three entrances; the grand front being in Beaufort Square. The audience +part is somewhat smaller than was that of the late Covent Garden +Theatre, but the space behind the curtain is much larger. The length, +within the main walls, is one hundred and twenty feet; the breadth sixty +feet; and the height seventy. The exterior buildings are very extensive; +there are three lofty tiers of boxes, affording a depth of rows towards the +centre. Cast iron bronzed pillars are placed at a distance of two feet from +the front, by which the first row of each circle appears as a balcony, independent +of the main structure, and thus an inconceivable lightness is +obtained. The private boxes are inclosed with gilt lattices: the entrance +to them is by a private house, part of the property connected with the +theatre, and they are accommodated with a suite of retiring rooms. The +decorations are very splendid, particularly the ceiling. The Harmonic +Society was instituted under the patronage of Dr. Harrington; and there +is another musical society, called the York House Catch Club. The Sydney + + +<span class="sidenote">Sydney +Gardens.</span> + + +Garden Vauxhall, at the extremity of Great Pulteney Street, abounds +with groves, vistas, lawns, serpentine walks, alcoves, bowling-greens, grottoes +and labyrinths. It is known to have contained four thousand persons. +The riding school affords the public, amusement in wet weather. Lansdown +races are in June and July. Besides the Public Library, the circulating +libraries are numerous and well supplied, and the harmonic concerts +and local institutions of a literary character, are easily accessible. It +is intended to convert the common fields in the neighbourhood of Marlborough +Buildings into a public park, laid out with numerous rides and +walks, ornamental fountains, and plantations. Hackney coaches, and +chariots, on the same principle as those used in London, are established +here.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, February 14; (Holloway) July 10; and Aug. +10, (Lansdown) for cattle, horses and all kinds of merchandise. The Falmouth Mail arrives +7.54 morning, and departs 6.30 afternoon. The Carmarthen Mail arrives 7.48 morning, and +departs 6.56 afternoon.—<i>Bankers</i>, (Bladud Bank) Tufnell and Co.; draw on Jones, Lloyd +and Co.; Tugwell and Co., draw on Barnard and Co.; (Old Bank) Hobhouse and Co., draw +on Jones, Lloyd and Co.; (City Bank) Smith and Moger, draw on Barclay and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, +York Hotel, White Hart, White Lion, Greyhound, Castle, and Elephant and Castle.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>314</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathealton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wiveliscomb</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Milverton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>98</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Batheaston[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>1783</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>870</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Bathley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Muskham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Southwell</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>197</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>4035</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Batley</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>11335</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Batsford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Campden</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>107</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Batterley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Barthomley</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>242</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Battersly</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Stokesley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gisborough</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>242</td><td align='right'>77</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Battersea[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Clapham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Putney</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hammersmith</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>5540</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Battisford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BATHEASTON. This village is situated on the London road from +Bath. The upper part contains the church, and amongst some handsome +houses, is one which was formerly the residence of John Wood, Esq., the +ingenious architect, to whom Bath owes many of its noblest buildings. +The church is antique. At the west-end it has a fine square tower, one +hundred feet high. The inside is remarkable for its neat and decent appearance. +A custom long observed at the villa of Sir John Millar, Bart., +displays his elegance and refinement in the choice of his amusements, as +well as of his visitors. He had purchased an antique vase, discovered at +Frescati, in Italy, in 1759; and having placed it in a room convenient for +the purpose, he consecrated it to Apollo, and ordained Lady Miller, high +priestess. He then issued a general invitation to all votaries of the muses, +to assemble on a certain day in each week, and offer their poetical oblations + + +<span class="sidenote">The vase of +Apollo.</span> + + +at the shrine; the degree of merit each possessed was decided by +the public voice, and the author of the best was crowned with myrtle. A +collation succeeded. This attic pastime continued for some years, till +some witling contaminated the purity of the urn by a licentious composition, +and the vessel was closed for ever. Two small volumes of these +effusions have been published.</p> + + + + +<p>[B] BATTERSEA is seated on the Thames, and gives the title of Baron +to the family of St. John. The church contains many monuments, chiefly +of the above noble family; particularly one in grey marble, to the memory +of the celebrated statesman, Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, and +of his second wife, whose profiles are sculptured in bass-relief. A monument +near the south wall, represents Sir Edward Wynter in the act of + + +<span class="sidenote">Sir E. +Wynter's +exploits.</span> + + +performing two extraordinary exploits, thus described in his epitaph:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Alone, unarmed, a tyger he oppressed,<br /> +And crush'd to death the monster of a beast.<br /> +Twice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew,<br /> +Singly on foot, some wounded, some he slew,<br /> +Dispersed the rest—what more could Sampson do?<br /> +</p> + +<p>A neat tablet, at the east end of the church, commemorates Thomas Astle, +who was long a distinguished member of the Society of Antiquaries, +Keeper of the Records in the Tower, a Trustee of the British Museum, +and author of Treatise "on the Origin and Progress of Writing." He +died in 1802, and left a valuable collection of manuscripts. Here are also +interred, Arthur Collins, Esq., known as the author of an "Historical +Account of the Peers and Baronets of England;" William Curtis, author +of the "Flora Londinensis," and the Rev. Joseph Gardner, author of +"Views on the Rhine," and otherwise distinguished by his attachment +to the arts. Bolingbroke House was a spacious edifice, said to have contained + + +<span class="sidenote">Bolingbroke +house.</span> + + +fifty rooms on a floor, of which a few only remain; among which +is the favourite apartment of Lord Bolingbroke, wainscotted with cedar. +A horizontal air-mill now occupies the site of this mansion, and in the +gardens have been erected bullock-houses. Sherwood Lodge, near the +Thames, is the residence of James Wolf, Esq. whose valuable collection +of plaster-casts, from antique statues, are deposited in a gallery of Doric +architecture, remarkable for the purity of its style. A wooden bridge was +built over the Thames at this place, in 1771.</p> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Battle[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Tunbridge</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Hastings</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bexhill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>2999</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Battle[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Trecastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>192</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BATTLE, anciently called Epiton, derived its present denomination +from the conflict between William the Norman, and Harold Harefoot, +which decided the fate of these realms, and gave to the former the +surname of Conqueror. This engagement happened on the 14th of +October, 1066, and continued from morning until sunset, when the Normans +had sustained a loss of 15000 men, and the English four times that +number, among whom was their king. The Conqueror, grateful for his +victory, and in performance of a vow, commenced the foundation of an +abbey on that part of the field where the battle had raged most fiercely, +causing the high altar to be raised on the spot where the body of his +valiant antagonist; or, as others say, his standard had been found. This + + +<span class="sidenote">The Abbey.</span> + + +abbey was dedicated to St. Martin, and the privileges enjoyed by the +superiors within its precincts were almost regal; an exclusive right of +inquest in cases of murder—the property of all treasure discovered there—free +warren and exemption, even for their tenants, from all ecclesiastical +jurisdiction—right of sanctuary for their church in cases of homicide—and +the power of pardoning any condemned thief whom they should meet +going to execution. From the foundation of this abbey, till its dissolution, +it was governed by thirty-one abbots. Sometime after the latter +period, it was the property of the Montagues, who sold it to Sir Thomas +Webster, and that gentleman made it his residence. Sir Godfrey Webster, +Bart., is the present owner. In its present state, Battle Abbey bears +ample testimony to its ancient magnificence, the ruins being extensive, +and exhibiting a mixture of the light Norman with the solid Saxon architecture. +These remains occupy two sides of a quadrangle, of which one +is an ancient gateway. Nine elegant arches, now filled up, are all that +remain of the church. Two detached buildings, supposed to have been +refectories, are now converted into offices. The town of Battle consists +of one street, and has a handsome church, the windows of which +are embellished with stained glass. The chancel contains a fine altar-monument +to the memory of Sir Anthony Browne, armour-bearer to +Henry VIII. This place is celebrated for a manufacture of gunpowder, +inferior only to that at Dartford.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Whit-Monday; Nov. 22, cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday +in every month, cattle.—<i>Bankers</i>, Smith, Gill, and Co., draw on Spooner and Co.—<i>Mail</i> arrives +4.20 morning; departs 9.40 afternoon.—<i>Inn</i>, George.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] BATTLE. The church is placed upon an eminence on the east side +of the Escir river. It is a low edifice surrounded by a cemetry, bounded +by a wall. A few straggling houses give this place the name of a village. +History has fixed this spot as the scene of action where the fate of Brecknockshire + + +<span class="sidenote">Scene of a +Welsh +battle.</span> + + +was decided, upon its attack by Bernard Newmarch. The vestiges +which indicate such an event, are, a well called Ffynon Pen Rhys; a +lane called Heol y Cymri, and a long upright stone below the church +on the south side; no other vestiges remain to recall the event. Half a +mile eastward from Battle, appears the stately residence of the vicar of +Llandevalle. Upon the wall of an inner court is an inscription in Latin. +From the windows of this house are three most beautiful views; on the +east side through a small vista, are seen the village of Llanddew, and in +the back ground the black mountain beyond Talgarth. From the library, +in which is a capital picture of our Saviour bearing the Cross, by Correggio, +looking west, is the vale of Usk, with the highly ornamented grounds +above Penpont; beyond which, Abercamlais, and the mountains in Llywel +and Devynock close the scene. Nearly opposite is the gradually rising +knoll of Benni, covered to the top on all sides with wood, beyond which +appear the precipitous and majestic summits of the Beacons. Merthyr +Cynog, or Saint Cynog, lies about four miles north. Cynog or Canoc, +was the illegitimate son of Brychan Brecheinog. He was slain or murdered +in one of the early eruptions of the Saxons into Wales, in the +5th century, on the summit of a hill in this parish, nearly opposite +Castlemadoc, called Vanoleu, and according to Owen, was buried in Merthyr +church. The edifice which remains, does not appear to be of an +earlier date than the Norman era; it is situated upon a lofty ridge between +the vales of Escir fawr and Escir fechan, in nearly the centre of the parish. +It resembles a large barn, in which are some divisions, like pens for sheep, +thrown in disorder to rot, when unfit for use.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Battle Bridge</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Holborn Bars</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Paddington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hoxton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Battleden[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hockliffe</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Leighton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'>145</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Battlefield[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Shawbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>70</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Baughurst</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>434</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Baulking</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Lambourne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>185</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Baumber</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>356</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Baunton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glocester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>91</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Bauseley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Welch Pool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>365</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Baverstock</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>292</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bavington, Great</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>70</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bavington, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BATTLEDEN lies between the two great north-western roads. +The family of Firmband, or Fremband, twice represented the county in +parliament, as early as the reign of Edward III. In the reign of Elizabeth +it became the property of the Duncombes; and it is to one of this family +that we are indebted for the accommodation of the now antiquated sedans, + + +<span class="sidenote">The invention +of Sedan +chairs.</span> + + +or close chairs; and in the year 1634, Duncombe is said to have procured +a patent, which vested in him and his heirs the right of carrying persons +"up and down in them," for a certain term. "It is probable, (observes +Lysons,) that Sir Saunders, who was a great traveller, had seen them at +Sedan, where Dr. Johnson, supposes that they were first made; and it is +remarkable that Captain Bayley first introduced the use of Hackney +Coaches in the same year." In the year 1706, this manor was purchased +by Allen Bathurst, Esq., a distinguished political character during the +reigns of Queen Anne and George I. It was for many years the country +seat of Lord Bathurst, and the resort of a celebrated constellation of +wits, of whom he was the patron and friend.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BATTLEFIELD is a parish in the liberties of Shrewsbury, and +derives its name from a sanguinary battle which was fought there on +Saturday the 21st of July, 1403, between Henry the Fourth and the + + +<span class="sidenote">Battle between +Henry the +Fourth and +Percy of +Northumberland.</span> + + +Rebels, under Percy, Earl of Nothumberland, and in which Lord Henry +Percy, well known as the valiant Hotspur, was slain, together with +nearly 2300 gentlemen and others, and upwards of 600 common soldiers +fell on that memorable occasion. After this signal victory, Henry the +fourth caused a collegiate church to be erected on the spot for secular +canons, which was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene, the battle having +been fought on the anniversary of that day. This college was dissolved +in the general wreck of establishments of this kind, when its revenues +amounted to £54 10s. 4d. per annum; it is now the parish church. At +the east end, over the altar window, is a figure of Henry the Fourth, +much defaced by the corroding hand of time. In a niche in the south +wall, is a rude carving in wood of the Virgin and child; and in the east +window are still to be traced some mutilated remains of stained glass; +but the most interesting object in this church, is a splendid gothic +monument, recently erected to the memory of the late John Corbet, +Esq. of Sundorne. This beautiful specimen of architecture is called + + +<span class="sidenote">Splendid +monument.</span> + + +the Tudor gothic; the interior represents the miniature aisle of a cathedral +or cloister, with its elaborately groined roof, and the front is adorned by the +heraldic blazonings of the family. This fine and highly prized piece of art +was designed by the Rev. Archdeacon Owen, of Shrewsbury, and most admirably +executed by Messrs. Carline of that town, in a warmly tinted fine +grained stone, from the Grinshill quarries in the neighbourhood.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bawburgh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>440</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bawdeswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swanton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bawdrip</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>373</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bawdsey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Orford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>454</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bawsey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cas. Rising</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Middleton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>39</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bawtry[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>1149</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baxterly</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>189</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Baydon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Ramsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lambourne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>358</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bayfield</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Cley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>17</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bayford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>332</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bayford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wincaunton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Bourton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Mere</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bayleham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>72</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bayley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bayswater[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Tyburn</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Southall</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BAWTRY is a small town situated on the edge of Yorkshire, adjoining +Nottinghamshire. It is handsome and well built; and the high +street, through which lies the great North Road from London to Edinburgh, +is very broad, and contains some elegant houses. At the upper part of +this street is the market-place, in which are some excellent shambles. +The town stands on a gentle but pleasant eminence, which slopes from the +north and east down to the river Idle, which river is navigable to this +place for small craft. On the western side of the town the ground is high +and exceedingly pleasant, but the eastern, or marshy side, is subject to +frequent winter inundations. The object which most travellers consider +more especially worthy of attention, is the elegant mansion of the Viscountess +Galway. The edifice is built of brick and is pleasantly situated +at the southern extremity of the town; it has an extensive and handsome +front, but a high brick wall secludes it from public view. The pleasure + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Viscountess +Galway.</span> + + +grounds which are kept in excellent condition, are stocked with Chinese +pheasants, and other rare and curious birds. Near this place the Archbishops +of York had a palace; and at this mansion, Archbishop Savage, +in the time of Henry VII. delighted to take his pleasure in hunting; and +in the next reign it was the residence of Cardinal Wolsey. The palace +stood in a very low and damp situation, close to the confluence of the +small river Ryton with the Idle. The great gateway, and the porter's +lodge, were taken down towards the end of the last century, and what +remains of the palace has been converted into a farm house.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Whit-Tuesday; and November 22, for cattle and horses.—<i>Inn</i>, +Crown—<i>Mail</i> arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.30 morning.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] BAYSWATER is situated on the Oxford Road, and is the first place +passed after leaving London; it has been much increased of late by the +building of new streets and genteel residences. A reservoir, under the +same management as the water works of Chelsea, is in the neighbourhood. +Bayswater Tea Gardens were formerly the Botanic gardens of Sir +John Hill, who cultivated there his medicinal plants, and prepared his +Water Dock, Essence, and Balsam of Honey. The reservoir before mentioned, +was intended for the supply of the palace at Kensington, and the +bason before the palace was to be kept constantly full by the proprietors; +and, it was upon this condition that the property was granted them. It +now supplies that part of the city estates situated in about Bond-street, +with water.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Baythorne End</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Essex </td><td align='left'>Haverhill </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Ridgewell </td><td align='right'>2 </td><td align='left'>G. Yeldham </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'> 55</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bayton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Mamble</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>445</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Bayvill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Fishguard</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>248</td><td align='right'>160</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bayworth</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cumnor</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beachampton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>254</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beachamwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stoke Ferry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Marham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>263</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Beaches</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Standon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Beachley[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beacon</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Norfolk </td><td align='left'>Cromer </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Lt. Houses </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Bacton </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'> 135</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beaconsfield[C]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Uxbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wycombe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Amersham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>1763</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BEACHAMPTON. The remains of the mansion of the Bennetts +have been converted into a farm-house, but the great hall is still standing. +In the parish church are some monuments of this family; among which +there is one to the memory of Sir Simon Bennett, who was created a +baronet in 1627, and is recorded in history as having been a great friend +to the poor, and to University College, Oxford. This monument, it appears, +was set up by the college 100 years after his death, and great blame +is imputed to them for having delayed it so long. Mr. William Elmer, + + +<span class="sidenote">Free grammar +school.</span> + + +by his will, bearing date 1648, founded a free grammar school in this +parish. The school-house was finished in 1667. The master, by an +express clause in the founder's will, must be a single man, and is to reside +in the school-house. It is endowed with lands, which are charged with +the payment of a certain pension of £2. per annum, to eight poor men, +and £1. per annum to as many poor women; and it is further provided, +that three of each of these shall be inhabitants of this parish.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BEACHLEY from its almost insulated situation, has always been of +great importance in a military point of view, for there are extensive earthworks +of British origin still remaining. Offa's-dyke, which terminates +here, is still to be traced. In the civil wars this place was considered of +much importance, for Prince Rupert despatched a body of 500 horse and +foot to occupy and fortify it. But history relates, that even before the +fortifications were completed, the garrison was dislodged with great loss, +by Governor Massie. After this, a battle was fought between the royalists +and the parliamentary forces, under Sir John Wyntor, when the latter +was defeated with the loss of 220 men; and it is currently reported that + + +<span class="sidenote">Once a +place of +great importance.</span> + + +he himself was forced to leap from the cliff into the river Severn, where a +small boat lay ready to receive him; it is certain the place still goes by +the name of "Wyntor's leap." The ferry over the river Severn has been +before mentioned at page 63. Here is an inn called Beachley Passage +House Inn. The time of high water is nearly the same as at Bristol +Quay, and is always to be seen in the Bristol Newspapers. If the wind +be northerly, this passage may be crossed for five hours before high-water; +and if the wind be southerly or westerly, it may be passed for seven hours +after high-water.</p> + + + +<p>[C] BEACONSFIELD is a small place, although it is one of great +thoroughfare, but the market is almost wholly disused; in fact, Wycombe +and Uxbridge appear to have drawn away the business. The manor, +anciently an estate of the Windsors, afterwards became the property of the +Monks of Burnham Abbey, a building but a few miles distant. Edmund + + +<span class="sidenote">Waller, the +poet.</span> + + +Waller, the poet, was born at Coleshill, in this neighbourhood, at which +place see his life; he was proprietor of the very pleasing seat, called Hall +Barns, an ancient mansion belonging to the family; he lies buried in the +churchyard, and a monument has been erected to his memory, with a +latin inscription, too long and too dry to be given in our work. Gregories, +in this parish, was the seat of the celebrated Edmund Burke, who, +for critical taste and brilliancy of language, will ever be ranked amongst the +most fascinating of English writers. His company was sought for by all + + +<span class="sidenote">The celebrated +Edmund Burke.</span> + + +who could make the slightest pretension to kindred genius. He died in +this town, and was buried in the church, where a marble tablet is set +up, with a short inscription, to his memory. The apartments at Butler's +Court, formerly Gregories, contained some fine paintings, by Sir +Joshua Reynolds, and some valuable marbles. This seat, we believe, +came into the possession of Mr. Burke through the friendship of Lord +Verney and the Marquis of Rockingham, by whose munificence he was +enabled to purchase it. The widow of the late Mr. Burke continued to +reside at Butler's Court till the period of her death, which took place a +few years after that of her late husband; the mansion and estate was +afterwards purchased by James Dupre, Esq., who let the house to the +master of a boarding-school, and in whose occupation it was destroyed by +fire: the grounds have since been adapted to the purpose of agriculture. For +the following interesting sketch of the illustrious and distinguished statesman, +(Burke,) we are indebted to Dr. Watkin's Biographical Dictionary:—"He +was born at Dublin, in 1730. His father was an attorney, and a +Protestant. The son received his education under Abraham Shackleton, +a Quaker, who kept a school at Ballytore, near Carlow, and it is recorded +to the honour of Mr. Burke, that whenever he visited Ireland he always +paid his respects to his old tutors: in 1746 he entered as a scholar at + + +<span class="sidenote">Sketch of +his life.</span> + + +Trinity College, which he left on taking his bachelor's degree in 1749, and +soon after became candidate for the professorship of logic at Glasgow, but +did not succeed. In 1753 he entered of the Middle Temple, where he +applied more to general literature than to the law, and supported himself +by writing for the booksellers. Falling ill, through too close an application +to his studies, he removed to the house of Dr. Nugent, a physician, +whose daughter he afterwards married. In 1756 he published a pamphlet, +entitled, "A Vindication of Natural Society." This piece was purposely +drawn up in the manner of Lord Bolingbroke, and for a time imposed +upon the friends of that writer as his real productions. His next performance +was the Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful, published in 1757. +This philosophical piece of criticism, written in a fine and elegant style, +procured the author a great reputation, and the esteem of the first literary +characters of the age; the principal of whom was Dr. Johnson. In 1758, he +suggested to Mr. Dodsley, the bookseller, the plan of the "Annual Register," +the historical part of which he wrote for several years. In 1761 he went +to Ireland as the companion of his friend Mr. Hamilton, secretary to the +Earl of Halifax, then Lord-Lieutenant. That gentleman, who was generally +known by the name of Single-speech Hamilton, from the circumstance +of his making only one speech in parliament, but one of uncommon eloquence, +procured him a pension of £300. on the Irish establishment. On +his return from Ireland he was made private secretary to the Marquis of +Rockingham, First Lord of the Treasury, who brought him into parliament +for Wendover. The Rockingham party continued in power but a +short time, and on going out of office, Mr. Burke wrote a forcible +pamphlet upon the subject, entitled, "A Short Account of a Short Administration;" +after which, he became an active member of the opposition, +as a senator and also as a writer. A pamphlet of his, entitled, "Thoughts +on the Causes of the present Discontents," excited considerable interest as +a bold exposure of court intrigues and favourites, in controlling the operations +of ministers. In the struggle between Great Britain and the +colonies, Mr. Burke bore a distinguished part as an opponent to the +ministry. His speeches were vehement, and had so powerful an influence +upon the people, that the citizens of Bristol, in 1774, invited him to be one of +their representatives, without his being at the least expense. But at the +next election in 1780, he was rejected by them for having supported the +Irish petition for a free trade, and the bill for relieving Roman Catholics. +He was then returned for Malton, in Yorkshire. At this time he gained great +popularity by his introduction of a bill for a reform in the national expenditure, +on which he spent prodigious labour, but it was unsuccessful. +When the Marquis of Rockingham returned to power on the resignation +of Lord North, in 1782, Mr. Burke obtained the post of Paymaster-general +of the Forces, and a seat in the Privy Council; but this was of short +duration, for on the death of his patron, Lord Shelbourne became First +Lord of the Treasury, and Mr. Burke, with several of his friends, resigned +their places. In the coalition, which for a little while succeeded the Shelbourne +administration, Mr. Burke had his share both of emolument and +abuse. The leading particulars of his political life, after this, were his +exertions against Mr. Hastings, in which he manifested uncommon industry +to fasten guilt upon that gentleman, with no small share of personal +asperity; his vigorous opposition to Mr. Pitt's design of forming a limited +regency on the King's illness in 1788; and above all, his ardour against +the actors and defenders of the French revolution. On the latter subject +he evinced peculiar sagacity at the outset, and when many worthy men +were rejoicing at the prospect of rising liberty and happiness to the world, +Mr. Burke predicted, with remarkable precision, the desolation, bloodshed, +anarchy, and misery which ensued. He displayed his detestation of the +revolutionists in the House of Commons, and separated himself in consequence +from Mr. Fox, and many other of his old associates. In 1790 +he published his famous "Reflections on the Revolution in France," +which attracted wonderful attention, and produced a surprising effect upon +the public mind. Many publications appeared in answer to this book; +the most noted of which was Paine's pamphlet, entitled "The Rights of +Man," wherein the principles of republicanism were so artfully addressed +to the feelings of ordinary persons, as to excite for a time no small alarm +to the friends of government. Mr. Burke, after this, published a variety + + +<span class="sidenote">Burke's reflections +on the +French +revolution, &c.</span> + + +of pamphlets in support of his positions: as, "A Letter to a Member of +the National Assembly;" "An Appeal from the New Whigs to the +Old;" "Thoughts on a Regicide peace," &c. His zeal on this occasion, +as well as his extraordinary talents, recommended him to the royal +favour, and he obtained a pension, which gave room for those who had +been galled by his arguments, to reproach him, and some illiberal animadversions +were made upon him in the senate, which drew from him +that admirable defence, his "Letter to a Noble Lord," in which he retaliates +upon a celebrated Duke in a strain of keen irony and dignified +remonstrance. Mr. Burke withdrew from parliament in 1794, leaving his +seat for Malton to his son, an accomplished young man, who died shortly +after. This melancholy event hastened his death, which happened the 8th + + +<span class="sidenote">His death.</span> + + +of July, 1797. A little before his death he caused to be read to him +Addison's paper in the Spectator, on the Immortality of the Soul. Mr. +Burke was very amiable in his private life, of correct deportment, faithful in +his attachments; charitable to the poor, and religious without being superstitious. +He had a fine taste for the arts, and was fond of gardening +and architecture," Bulstrode, the seat of the Duke of Portland, is within +three miles of the town; a more detailed account of this elegant mansion +will be given in a future portion of our work.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Feb. 13; and Holy Thursday, for horses, cows, and sheep.—<i>Mail</i> +arrives 11.10 night; departs, 3.30 morning.—<i>Inn</i>, Saracen's Head.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Beadlam</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Helmesley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kirkby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Gillamoor</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>225</td><td align='right'>157</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Beadnell</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aluwick</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Ellingham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>321</td><td align='right'>251</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beaford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chumleigh</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>624</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beaghall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>178</td><td align='right'>563</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beaksbourne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>351</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Beal</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Berwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>330</td><td align='right'>70</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bealing, Great</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wickham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>367</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bealing, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>272</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beamhurst</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Checkley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Beaminster,[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.& ch</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Crewkerne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>2968</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Beamish</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Gateshead</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sunderland</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>265</td><td align='right'>1848</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beamsley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Addingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>215</td><td align='right'>279</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Beanley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>169</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beard</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>283</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Bear Green</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Dorking</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Horsham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Capel</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bearly</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>230</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bearsted</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Milton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Chatham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>594</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Bearston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>95</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bearward-Cote</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Beathwaite Green,</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Millthorpe</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beauchief Abbey,</td><td align='right'>e.p.l</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dronfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>85</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Beaudesert[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>199</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BEAMINSTER is a town of very great antiquity; it is situated on a +fertile spot near the banks of the small river Birt. The prebendaries of +Salisbury were formerly lords of the manor, until the parliamentary commissioners +(who appear to have made very free with church property) +seized it, and for a time it passed into other hands, but it was only for a +time: the right at length became acknowledged, and in the possession of +the prebendaries of Sarum it now remains. This town has suffered much +by the devastation of fire, and still more by the destructive sword of civil, +or rather uncivil, warfare. Britton speaks of a record of the former being +preserved in a blank leaf of an old Bible, in the possession of a gentleman +of this town, which memorandum ran as follows:—"The towne of Beaminster +was burnt on Palme Sunday, being the 14th day of April, and in + + +<span class="sidenote">Destroyed +by fire in +1644.</span> + + +the year of our Lord 1644. At the same time prince Maurice, being in +the towne seven dayes before the fire, and there continued till the fire burnt +him out of his quarters. The fire was first kindled in John Sergeant's +house, in North-street; it was a musket discharged in the gable; and it +was wild-fire, and the winde lying directly with the towne, the whole +place was destroyed in two hours; and those goods for the most part +which were saved out of the fire were carried away by the soldiers. There +were seven score and four dwelling-houses, besides barns and stables, +burnt." An eye-witness in Sir Thomas Fairfax's army describes it +as "a place of the pitifullest spectacle that man can behold; hardly +a house left not consumed by fire." Two thousand pounds were granted +by the parliament to assist in re-building the town: this, with other +sums, raised by the neighbouring gentry, answered the purpose. But +it appears that the place was doomed to destruction, for in June, 1684, it + + +<span class="sidenote">Burnt down +in 1684, and +again in +1781.</span> + + +was again consumed, and the loss is said to have amounted to £10,000.: +nor did its misfortunes end here, for in the gusty month of March, in the +year 1781, upwards of fifty dwelling-houses, besides barns, stables, and +other buildings, were reduced to ruins in the short space of three hours. +Mrs. Tucker founded a free-school here, in 1684, for the purpose of affording +education to twenty of the poorest boys in the town; three or four of +these boys were to be apprenticed annually, and it is necessary that one of +these, at least, should become a seaman. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Hood, +father of Lord Hood, was master of this school in the year 1715. The +inhabitants are principally engaged in the manufacture of sail-cloth, and +in the production of iron, tin, and copper ware. The work-house is a large +commodious building; formerly an alms-house.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.—<i>Fairs</i>, April 4; September 19, for horses, sheep, and cattle.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] BEAUDESERT. This place is situated in the hundred of Barlichway. +The church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and exhibits some good specimens +of ancient architecture. The village was the birth-place of Richard Jago, +the poet, who was the son of the rector: he was born in 1715, and was +educated at Solihull grammar-school, about eleven miles distant from this +place. His first poetical production which attracted notice was an +"Elegy on the Death of a Blackbird," and this was followed by a poem, +descriptive of the "Battle of Edgehill," which is considered the most +finished of his works: the subject was in all probability suggested by his +residence in the neighbourhood of the scene of action. He died on the +8th of April, 1781.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Beaulieu[A]</td><td align='right'>pa.</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Lymington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hythe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Southampton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>1298</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Beau Manor</td><td align='right'>ex. pl.</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Mount Sorrel</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>98</td></tr> +</table> + + + + + +<p>[A] BEAULIEU. The river Exe, over which there is a bridge, is navigable +up to this village. Here is a manufacture of coarse sacking. The +ruins of Beaulieu Abbey are beautifully situated on the eastern banks of +the river. The delightful valley which surrounds these venerable remains, +is of a circular form, bounded by well-wooded hills, and in itself, consists +of a rich variety of ground. The Abbey was founded, A.D. 1204, by + + +<span class="sidenote">The Abbey +founded by +King John.</span> + + +King John, for monks of the Cistercian order; a class of friars to +which that monarch had been previously particularly adverse. The king, +it is said, after various oppressive measures exercised against the Cistercians, +summoned the Abbots and principals of that order, to Lincoln, +whither they hastened, flattering themselves that he would there confer +upon them some marks of his grace and favor. Instead of this, say the +monkish historians, "the savage monarch ordered the Abbots to be +trodden to death, by horses: but none of his attendants being found +sufficiently cruel to obey the sanguinary command, the ecclesiastics, +dreadfully alarmed, retired hastily to their inn. In the course of the ensuing +night, when the monarch slumbered on his bed, he dreamt that he +was standing before a Judge, accompanied by the Cistercian Abbots, who +were commanded to scourge him severely with rods and thongs; and +when he awoke in the morning, he declared that he still felt the smart of +the beating. On relating this dream to a certain ecclesiastic of his court, + + +<span class="sidenote">The king's +singular +dream.</span> + + +he was advised to crave pardon of the Abbots, whom he had before so +barbarously treated; and assured, that the Almighty had been infinitely +merciful to him, in thus revealing the mysteries of his dispensations, and +affording him paternal correction. The king, adopting this counsel, +ordered the Abbots to attend him; and, contrary to their expectations, +received them with kindness:" and the remembrance of his dream still +continuing to influence his conduct, he shortly after granted a charter for +the foundation of the Abbey of Beaulieu. It was greatly enriched by +succeeding grants; and at the Dissolution, its possessions were estimated +at the annual value of £428. 6s. 8d. The manor of Beaulieu, with all its +rights, privileges, and appurtenances, (the rectory and right of patronage +excepted), was granted to Thomas Wriothesley, Esq. afterwards Earl of +Southampton. The circumference of the manor embraces an extent of 28 + + +<span class="sidenote">The manor +extends 28 +miles.</span> + + +miles, and the clear annual revenue amounts to between £4000 and £5000. +The immediate precincts of the Abbey were encircled by a stone wall, the +remains of which are richly mantled with ivy. An edifice, nearly square, +now called the palace, but originally built for the Abbot's lodging, was +converted into a family seat after the Dissolution. Over the entrance is +a canopied niche, in which stood the image of the Virgin Mary. The hall +is a well proportioned room, handsomely vaulted, the ribs springing from +pilasters, and spreading over the roof in beautiful ramifications. Eastward +from this edifice is a long building, supposed from the extent and +height of the apartments, to have been the dormitory; beneath it are +several good cellars. The ancient kitchen is also standing, and near it is +the refectory, a plain stone edifice, with strong buttresses: this is now the +parish church of Beaulieu; the Abbey church, which stood to the north-east, +having been entirely destroyed. On the west side is the ancient +rostrum, or pulpit, from which lectures were read when the monks were +assembled at their meals below. The site of the Abbey Church may be +traced by the unevenness of the ground; but not a vestige of the building is +remaining. Fragments of demolished tombs are occasionally dug up here, +this having been the burial-place of various illustrious and noble personages, + + +<span class="sidenote">Burial place +of Queen +Eleanor.</span> + + +and among them, Queen Eleanor, mother of King John. +Some traces of the cloisters are yet distinguishable. Whilst Beaulieu +Abbey was invested with the privilege of a sanctuary, its walls afforded a +temporary protection to Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry VI.; who, +returning from the continent, in expectation of being reinstated in her former +dignity, was informed of the imprisonment of her husband, the destruction +of his army, and the death of the Earl of Warwick, and the +elevation to the throne of Edward IV. Another celebrated fugitive, to +whom this abbey afforded sanctuary, was Perkin Warbeck, who, after +many vicissitudes, was executed at Tyburn, in 1499.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Beaumaris[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Anglesea</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aber</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>251</td><td align='right'>2497</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beaumont</td><td align='right'>pa.</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gretna</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>306</td><td align='right'>276</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BEAUMARIS, though but a small place, is the capital of the island; +it is finely situated on a low shore, called Beaumaris Bay. The present +town appears to have originated from the circumstance of a castle having +been erected here about the close of the 13th century, by Edward I. It lies + + +<span class="sidenote">Chief town +in Anglesea.</span> + + +close to the town, covering a large space of ground, in a low situation. Its +erection was subsequent to its proud rivals Conway and Caernarvon. The +necessity of the present castle arose from Rhyddlan, upon the opposite +shore, being often possessed by the Welsh princes. It appears to have +been the last of the three great fortresses erected by Edward. On the +conquest of Wales in 1295, he fixed upon this spot with a view of surrounding +it with a fosse, for the double purpose of defence, and bringing +small craft to unload their cargoes under its walls, by a canal, part of +which was, till lately, remaining. From the period of its erection to the +time of Charles I., it does not appear to have been at all conspicuous on +the page of history. A communication was made between various parts +of the inner court, by means of a surrounding gallery, about six feet wide, +a considerable portion of which is yet entire. Within recesses, in the +sides of the gallery, are several square apertures, apparently once furnished +with trap doors, which opened into rooms beneath; but their use has not +been ascertained. Mr. Grose thinks they might have been used for the +purposes of imprisonment. A tennis, fives court, and bowling-green, have +been formed within the interior. The town of Beaumaris was surrounded +with walls, for its defence, and placed under the government of a corporation, +endowed with various privileges and lands. Mr. Lloyd supposes, +from local tokens being circulated by opulent tradesmen, about the year +1650, of which he had several in his possession, that it was a place of +considerable traffic. The present town consists of several streets, of which +one terminated by the castle is handsome, and the houses are generally +well built. Beaumaris is much frequented during the summer months, by + + +<span class="sidenote">Much frequented +in summer.</span> + + +numerous genteel families, attracted by the pleasantness of this part of the +island, and to avail themselves of the benefit of sea-bathing. The parochial +church is a handsome structure, consisting of a chancel, nave, and two +aisles, with a large square embattled tower. In the vestry adjoining were +deposited the remains of lady Beatrice Herbert, daughter of the celebrated +mirror of chivalry, the Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Near which lies interred +the Rev. Gronwy Davies, with an inscription concluding as follows:</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"Here lies learning, friendship, love;<br /> +And innocency of the dove.<br /> +Within this grave and in the dust<br /> +His ever courteous body must<br /> +Until the resurrection lie;<br /> +Then he shall live and death shall die."<br /> +</p> + +<p>The free-school was erected and liberally endowed by David Hughes, Esq., +in the year 1603, who ten years afterwards founded also an excellent +alms-house for six poor persons, to whom he granted small annuities. He +was born about the middle of the 16th century, in a cottage now in ruins. +He left the island early in life, in a very humble station, but by prudence +and propriety of conduct, he made a decent fortune.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"'T is here the active worth of Hughes appears,<br /> +A blessed asylum for the wreck of years!<br /> +If there his views the opening mind engage,<br /> +Here he supports the trembling limbs of age;<br /> +His breast embrac'd within his godlike plan,<br /> +At once the morn and evening hours of man!<br /> +And ye who here his lasting bounty share,<br /> +Whose tranquil days decline without a care!<br /> +If still, as night shall close, day greet your eyes,<br /> +No grateful aspirations reach the skies,<br /> +Indignant heaven beholds you with a frown,<br /> +Nor gives the ingrate, life's immortal crown." <span class="smcap">Lloyd.</span> +</p> + +<p>The old town-hall, built in 1563, has been taken down, and under the +patronage of Lord Viscount Bulkeley, another more elegant has been +erected upon its site. The town, re-incorporated in the 4th year of Elizabeth, +is governed by a mayor, recorder, two bailiffs, twenty-four burgessess, + + +<span class="sidenote">Its government.</span> + + +two serjeants at mace, a town clerk, jailor, four constables, and a +water-bailiff. The county hall is a small low building, being neither conveniently +formed nor respectable in its appearance. The custom-house +stands upon the green near the edge of the water. Beaumaris bay consists +of an expansive opening in front of the town, so sheltered by the island of +Priesholme and the great Ormeshead, as to allow vessels of considerable +burden to ride in safety, during the most stormy weather. The depth of +water near the town, at ebb-tide, is from six to seven fathoms, but the +channel scarcely exceeds a quarter of a mile in breadth. The greater part +of the bay is left dry for several miles when the tide is out, which part is +called the Lavan Sands. These once formed a habitable hundred, belonging +to the territory of Arson. They were formerly called Wylofaen, or +the place of Weeping, from the shrieks and lamentations of the inhabitants +at the time when the land was overwhelmed by the sea. Lavan is a corruption + + +<span class="sidenote">Lavan sands</span> + + +of Traeth Talaven, or the fermented heap, allusive to the boiling up of water +in the quicksands. The ferry was granted by charter to the corporation in +the 4th year of Elizabeth: it lies near the town. The place of embarking +or landing is the point anciently known under the appellation of Penrhyn +Safness, but afterwards Osmund's Air, from a malefactor, who on his way +to execution, being asked where he was going, answered, "To take the +air." The walk over the sand at low water is firm and good; they should +be passed three hours after high water, and will be safe for four hours; or +in other words, two hours before low water and two after. Precautions +are essentially necessary to be taken, for near the times of the sands being + + +<span class="sidenote">Caution.</span> + + +covered by the sea they are frequently shifting, and in many places become +so watery or quick, as to have proved both dangerous and fatal. This way +is equally perilous in foggy weather, but as some persons are necessitated +to pass in every season, the large bell at Aber is humanely rung, to direct +them towards the sound.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Feb. 13, Holy Thursday, Sept. 19, and Dec. +19, for cattle.—<i>Inn</i>, Bull's Head.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Beaumont</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>452</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Beaumont Hill</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sedgefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>245</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>BeaumontLeys</td><td align='right'>ex. pl</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Belgrave</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Grooby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>28</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beauport</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Battle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hastings</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Robertsbridg</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Beausall</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Beaworth</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bis Waltham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>156</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beaworthy</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holsworthy</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>339</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bebbington, Upper</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Great Neston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bebbington,</td><td align='right'>Low. t & p</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Great Neston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>440</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bebside</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Horton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>287</td><td align='right'>100</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Beccles[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>3862</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Beconsall</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>476</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bechton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lawton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>818</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Beckbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shiffnal</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>307</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beckenham[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lewisham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>1288</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beckering</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Holton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BECCLES is a large and well-built town, situated on the river Waveny, +which is navigable from this place to Yarmouth, and divides in its course +the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. It is governed by a portreeve and thirty-six +burgesses, the office of the former being held in rotation by twelve +of the latter. The church is gothic, with a steeple, containing twelve +bells, and a porch, which is considered a fine specimen of the florid gothic. +The ruins of Endgate church may be seen out of the town, but the inhabitants + + +<span class="sidenote">Fine gothic +church.</span> + + +of the village appear to have been long esteemed parishioners of +Beccles. Here is a theatre, a town hall, a jail, and a free school, +endowed with 100 acres of land, in the reign of James I.; and a good +grammar-school founded by Dr. Falconberge, and endowed with an estate, +then worth forty pounds per annum, although now considerably increased +in value. Near the town is a large common, on which the inhabitants of +the town have the privilege of feeding their cattle on easy terms. In 1586 +a fire consumed eighty houses in this place, and property to the amount +of £20,000.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Whit Monday, June 29, and October 2, for horses and pedlary.—<i>Bankers</i>, +Gurney and Co., draw on Barclay and Co.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.15 morning; departs +3.45 afternoon.—<i>Inns</i>, King's Head, and White Lion.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] BECKENHAM. The church of this village is a neat edifice, containing +many monuments of the Style, Raymond, Burrell, and other +families. On a slab in the chancel, is a remarkable brass, to the memory +of dame Margaret, wife of Sir William Dalsell, Knt., and daughter of +John Barnes. Esq., of Redhall, in Norfolk, who died 1563: she is represented +in a flowered petticoat, and close-bodied gown; the sleeves slashed +at the shoulders, and hanging down to the feet. Here is also the monument +of Mrs. Jane Clarke, wife of Dr. Clarke, physician at Epsom, with +an elegant inscription, by Gray. The parish register, under the date of +Oct. 24, 1740, also records the burial of Margaret Finch, who lived to the + + +<span class="sidenote">Queen of the +gipsies died +here, at the +age of 109.</span> + + +age of 109 years. She was one of the people called gipsies, and had the +title of their queen. After travelling over various parts of the kingdom, +during the greater part of a century, she settled at Norwood, whither her +great age, and the fame of her fortune-telling, attracted numerous visitors. +From a habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin resting on her knees, +the sinews at length became so contracted, that she could not rise from that +posture: after her death, they were obliged to inclose her body in a deep +square box. Her funeral was attended by two mourning coaches: a sermon +was preached upon the occasion, and a great concourse of people +attended the ceremony. Her picture adorns the sign-post of a house of +public entertainment in Norwood, called the Gipsy House. Beckenham-place, +the seat of John Cator, Esq., is partly in the parish of Bromley; +but the mansion itself is in that of Beckenham. Rear-Admiral Sir Piercy +Brett, who died in 1781, (and with his lady, lies buried in the church,) resided +here. The estate, which had long been owned by the St. Johns, +was alienated to the Cators, in 1773. The house is a handsome building, +commanding a beautiful prospect. Kent House, the ancient seat of the +Lethieullers, in Beckenham parish, is now occupied as a farm: the estate +belongs to J.J. Angerstein, Esq. Clay Hill, or the Oakery, also in this +parish, was the property of the late learned Edward King, Esq., F.R., +and A.S. This gentleman, who was a native of Norfolk, was elected president +of the Society of Antiquaries on the decease of Dr. Milles, in 1784; +but, on the succeeding election in the year following, he was obliged to +relinquish the chair to the Earl of Leicester, after an unprecedented contest. +He was the author of various works; the principal of which are, +his "Observations on Ancient Castles;" "Morsels of Criticism," tending +to illustrate the Scriptures; and the "Monumenta Antiqua." He died +in 1806, at the age of 72.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beckermet, St. Bridgetts.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Egremont</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ravenglass</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Whitehaven</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>545</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beckermet, St. Johns</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>549</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Becket</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Highworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lambourne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Beckford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sedgeberrow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>433</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beckham, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beckham, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>156</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Beckhampton[A]</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlbro'</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beckingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leadenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Beckingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Gainsbro'</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>481</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beckington[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Trowbridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>1340</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Beckley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Islip</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Forest-hill</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>776</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beckley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Rye</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newenden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lamberhurst</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>1477</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beckwith Shaw</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>York </td><td align='left'>West End </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Otley </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='left'>Ripley </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'> 64</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bedale[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Northallerton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Leeming</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>2707</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BECKHAMPTON. Near this place is an enormous tumulus, perhaps +the largest in England; it is called Silbury Hill, and common belief +declares it the place of sepulchre of some British king. The two antiquaries, + + +<span class="sidenote">Silbury +Hill.</span> + + +Greethead and Stukeley differ, as antiquaries frequently do, with +regard to which of the British monarchs the honor of being supposed to +lie beneath this stupendous monument should belong. The former learned +writer asserting it to be that of Prydain, and the latter calling it that of Cynneda. +Scattered over the neighbouring downs are numerous large stones +called the Grey Wethers; they bear this name from their resemblance to a +flock of sheep. Beckhampton Inn, stands at the junction of the two +great Mail roads, leading from London to Bath; the southern road passing +through Devizes and Melksham; and the northern through Calne and +Chippenham. The inn is a large brick building, but has a most desolate +appearance, according well with the character of the gloomy downs on +the margin of which it stands; yet the traveller would do well to refresh +here, as there is but little accommodation for many miles beyond.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Falmouth Mail which passes through Devizes, arrives 5.5 morning; departs 9.20 night. +The Bristol Mail which passes through Calne, arrives 5.5 morning; departs 9.35 night.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] BECKINGTON was formerly a place of much importance in the +clothing business, but the decline of that trade in the west of England +has much reduced the town. It was the birth-place of Thomas Beckington, +an English prelate, who was one of the three appointed to draw up a +code of laws in conformity with which the Wickliffites were to be proceeded +against. His book against the salique law is still in the possession +of the Lambeth library.</p> + + +<p>[C] BEDALE is a tolerably well built town, situated in a rich valley, +which with the surrounding country is exceedingly fertile, and both corn +and grass yield abundant crops. The town lies to the west of the Great; +Glasgow road, about two miles from Leeming Lane. Hornby Castle, the + + +<span class="sidenote">Seat of the +Duke of +Leeds.</span> + + +seat of the Duke of Leeds, deserves the admiration of the tourist. Bedale +church is a large and handsome edifice, and the tower is said to have been +constructed with so much strength, as to enable the inhabitants to defend +themselves therein, during the inroads of the Scots.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday; June 6 and 7; July 5 and 6, +for horses, cattle, sheep, leather, &c.; Oct. 11 and 12, horned cattle, sheep, hogs and leather; +and Monday-week before Christmas, for horned cattle and sheep. The Glasgow Mail arrives +at Leeming Lane, two miles distant 7.54 evening; departs 4.58 morning.—<i>Inns</i>, Black Swan, +and the Swan.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Bedburn, North</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Bis. Auckld</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wolsingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>254</td><td align='right'>387</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Bedburn, South</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>254</td><td align='right'>296</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Beddgelart[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tan-y-Bwlch</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>1071</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BEDDGELART, is situated in a beautiful tract of meadows, at the +junction of three vales, near the conflux of the Glas Lyn, or Gwynant, or + + +<span class="sidenote">Nant +Colwyn.</span> + + +Nant hwynant, and the Colwyn, which flows through Nant Colwyn, a +vale which leads to Caernarvon. Its situation was the fittest in the world, +says Mr. Pennant, to inspire religious meditation, amid lofty mountains, +woods, and murmuring streams. The church is small, yet the loftiest in +Snowdonia. The east window consists of three narrow slips. The roof +is neat, and there yet remains some very pretty fret work. A side chapel +is supported by two neat pillars and gothic arches. This church has been +conventual, belonging to a priory of Augustines, dedicated to the Virgin. +They were probably of the class called Gilbertines, consisting of both men +and women, living under the same roof, but divided by a wall, as a piece +of ground near the church is called Dol y Llein (the meadow of the nun). +No remnant of the priory however exists. The ground on the south side +of the church seems to have been the spot whereon the buildings stood +which the monks formerly inhabited. There are two or three arched +doors on that side the church, through which probably the friars entered. +The ancient mansion-house near the church might have been the residence +of the prior. In this house is shown an old pewter mug, that will +hold upwards of two quarts; and any person able to grasp it with one +hand, while full of ale, and to drink it off at one draught, is entitled to + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient +pewter +mug.</span> + + +the liquor gratis, and the tenant is to charge it to the lord of the manor as +part payment of his rent. Tradition says, that Llewelyn the Great came +to reside at Beddgelart during the hunting season, with his wife and +children; and one day, the family being absent, a wolf had entered the +house. On returning, his greyhound, called Ciliart, met him, wagging +his tail, but covered with blood. The prince being alarmed, ran into the +nursery, and found the cradle in which the child had lain covered +with blood. Imagining the greyhound had killed the child, he immediately +drew his sword and slew him, but on turning up the cradle, + + +<span class="sidenote">Tradition +of a wolf +and child.</span> + + +he found under it the child alive, and the wolf dead. This so affected +the prince, that he erected a tomb over his faithful dog's grave, where, +afterwards, the parish church was built, and called from this accident, +Bedd-Cilihart, or the grave of Cilihart. In the Welch annals this +region is styled the forest of Snowdon. It is a subject of great regret to +most tourists, that many of the rocks which surround Beddgelart, though +once covered with oaks, are now naked. One proprietor, however, is +raising new plantations upon his estate. Snowdonia, though once a +forest, contains now scarcely a tree. Salmon is very plentiful here, selling +sometimes as low as three-farthings a pound; the average price is +about four-pence. The best land lets at 20s. an acre; but the average of +the neighbourhood is from 2s. 6d. to 5s., with unlimited right of common +upon the mountains. In this little plain is an almost inexhaustible +turbary, or right of digging turf. There is a comfortable inn at this +place, called Beddgelart Hotel. It is marked by the emblem of the + + +<span class="sidenote">Guide to +the mountains.</span> + + +goat, with the following appropriate motto. "Patria mea Petra." My +country is a rock. The guide to the mountains is the harper of the house; +or a resident in the village. William Lloyd, the schoolmaster of this place, +was long noted as an intelligent "conductor to Snowdon, Moel Hebog, +Dinas Emrys, Llanberis pass, the lakes, waterfalls, &c.; he was also a +collector of crystals, fossils, and natural curiosities found in these regions. +Dealer in superfine woollen hose, socks, gloves, &c.," but in the year 1804, +he finally emerged from all sublunary avocations, to the regions beyond +the grave. Opposite to the village of Beddgelart, is Moel Hebog (the +hill of flight) which Lord Lyttelton ascended. [see Festiniog.] In a +bog near that mountain, was found in 1784, a most curious brass shield, +which was deposited with Mr. Williams, of Llanidan; its diameter was +two feet two inches, the weight four pounds; in the centre was a plain +umbo projecting above two inches; the surface was marked with twenty-seven + + +<span class="sidenote">Brass shield +found.</span> + + +smooth concentric elevated circles, and between each a depressed +space of the same breadth with the elevated parts, marked by a single row +of smooth studs. The whole shield was flat and very flexible. This +was probably Roman, for the Welsh despised every species of defensive +armour. In ascending the summit of Snowdon from this place, a +neighbouring vale is passed, which is by far the most beautiful of the +vales among these mountains. It is about six miles long, and affords +a great variety of wood, lakes, and meadows. The vale of Llanberis +is the only one which may be said to rival it; but their characters +are so different, that they cannot with propriety be compared. On the +left, about a mile and a half up the valley, is a lofty wood-clad rock, +called the fort of Ambrosius, or Merlin Ermys, a magician who was sent +for to this place from Caermarthen, by Vortigern, who was king of Britain +from 449 to 466. Upon its summit is a level piece of ground, and +the remains of a square fort; and upon the west side, facing Beddgelart, +there are traces of a long wall. It stands detached from other rocks, and +at a distance appears in the form of a man's hat. Adjoining is a stony + + +<span class="sidenote">Groves of +the magicians.</span> + + +tract called the cells or groves of the magicians. In the next field, a +number of large stones are called the tombs of the magicians. It was to +this place that Vortigern retired, when he found himself despised by his +subjects, and unable to contend longer with the treacherous Saxons, whom +he had introduced into his kingdom. It is probable that this insular rock +afforded him a temporary residence till he removed to his final retreat in +Nant Gwrtheyrn, or Vortigern's Valley. Speed says, probably without +truth, that Vortigern married his own child by Rowena, daughter of Hengist, +the Saxon prince, and had by her one son. There is a tradition, that +Madog, the son of prince Owen Gwynedd, resided in this vale for some +time before he left his country for America. The entrance from Beddgelart, +is but the breadth of a narrow rugged road, close by the river's side, in +which there is nothing inviting; but passing on, the traveller advances +upon enchanted ground, where he finds extensive meadows, expanding at +every turn of rock, smooth as a bowling green; beautiful lakes and meandering +rivers, abounding in fish; mountains towering one above the +other in succession, while to the left, Snowdon overtops them all, seeming + + +<span class="sidenote">Snowdon.</span> + + +like another Atlas, to support the firmament. Mr. Pennant, says he continued +his walk along a narrow path above the lake, as far as the extremity; +then descending, reached the opposite side, in order to encounter a +third ascent, as arduous as the preceding. This brought him into the +horrible crater immediately beneath the great precipice of Wyddfa; its +situation is dreadful, surrounded by more than three parts of a circle, with +the most horrible precipices of the highest peak of Snowdon. The strange +break, called the pass of the Arrows, was probably a station for the hunters +to watch the wandering of the deer. The margin of Ffynmon-las here +appeared to be shallow and gravelly, the waters had a greenish cast, but +what is very singular, the rocks reflected into them seemed varied with +stripes of the richest colours, like the most beautiful lute-strings, and + + +<span class="sidenote">The pass +of the Arrows.</span> + + +changed almost to infinity. Here he observed the wheat-ear, a small and +seemingly tender bird, and yet almost the only small one, or indeed the +only one, (except the rock-ouzel) that frequents these heights; the reason +is evidently the want of food. The mountainous tract near Snowdon, +scarcely yields any corn; the produce is cattle and sheep, which during +summer they keep very high in the mountains, followed by their owners +with their families, who reside during that season in their Havod-dai, or +summer dwelling, or dairy houses, as the farmers in the Swiss Alps do in +their Sennes. These houses consist of a long low room, with a hole at one +end to let out the smoke, from the fire which is made beneath. Their furniture +is very simple, stones are the substitutes for stools, and the beds are +of hay, ranged along the sides: they manufacture their own clothes and dye +them with plants, collected from the rocks. During summer, the men pass + + +<span class="sidenote">The summer +habits of +the mountaineers.</span> + + +their time in harvest work, or tending their herds; the women in milking, +or making butter and cheese of the milk for their own consumption. The +diet of these mountaineers is very plain, consisting of butter, cheese and +oat bread; their drink is whey, not but that they have their reserve of a +few bottles of very strong beer, by way of cordial, in sickness. They are +people of good understanding, wary, and circumspect; usually tall, thin, +and of strong constitutions, from their way of living. Towards winter, +they descend to their old dwelling, where they lead, during that season, a +vacant life, in carding, spinning, knitting, &c. The height of Snowdon is +3571 feet.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beddingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>264</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Beddington</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ewell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>1429</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bedfield</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>323</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bedfont, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Staines</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hounslow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Colnbrook</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>968</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bedfont, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedfordshire[A]</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>95383</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BEDFORDSHIRE. This county, before the Roman invasion, was +part of the district inhabited by a race of people whom the invaders denominated +Cassii. Afterwards, in A.D. 310, it was a third part of the division +named Flavia Cæsariensis. After that, it was attached to the kingdom +of Mercia. In 827 it became subject to the West Saxons. It was +first called Bedfordshire in the reign of Alfred the Great, probably from +Bedan Forda: i.e. The Fortress on the Ford; there being fortifications +on the borders of the river Ouse. It is an inland county, bounded on the +north by Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire; west by Buckinghamshire; + + +<span class="sidenote">An inland +county.</span> + + +south by Bucks and Herts; and east by Herts and Cambridgeshire. +Its form approaches an irregular parallelogram, with many deep and +almost isolated indentations. The extent is about 36 miles in the greatest +length, and the greatest breadth about 22 miles; it contains 465 square +miles; circumference about 95 miles. It is divided into 9 hundreds, 125 +parishes, 10 market towns, 58 vicarages, 550 villages, having a total population +of 95,383 inhabitants. It belongs to the Norfolk circuit, and is +in the diocese of Lincoln; subject to an archdeaconal jurisdiction, being +divided into six deaneries. The climate is deemed mild and genial. The +prevailing winds south westerly; the north east winds being regarded as +indicating a cold summer and a severe winter. The soil is of an exceedingly + + +<span class="sidenote">Climate +mild.</span> + + +mixed and varied character; but much the greatest portion is of a +clayey nature, particularly in parts north of Bedford. The south districts +are chalky. A slip extending diagonally from Woburn to near Biggleswade +is a mixed sand; an almost equal portion from the vicinity of Biggleswade +to the neighbourhood of Bedford, partakes of a rich gravelly +soil; part of which, near the town of Biggleswade and village of Sandy, +is successfully cultivated for the production of garden vegetables to a considerable + + +<span class="sidenote">Value of +the land.</span> + + +extent. So peculiarly is that soil adapted for such produce, that +it is in some instances let for more than £14. per acre; and generally +from £4. to £9. may be considered as a fair rent for that luxuriant soil. +There can be no standard or real average as to the value of land; as the +value, like the soil itself, is exceedingly variable. Rivers.—The Ouse and +the Ivel are the chief; both of which abound with fish of various kinds. +The Ouse is remarkable for very great and sudden inundations. The +Grand Junction Canal skirts this county at Leighton Buzzard. The +natural produce consists chiefly in corn, garden vegetables, cheese and +butter. There is a little ironstone, limestone, and a few extraneous fossils. +There are several mineral springs, but none of any celebrity. The +principal landed proprietor is the Duke of Bedford. His Grace possesses +estates in about 25 parishes; under the auspices of whom and of his +illustrious brother, the county is indebted for immense agricultural improvements.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedford[A]</td><td align='right'>bo</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>6959</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leigh</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>3087</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bedhampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Havant</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Fareham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>537</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bedingfield</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>87</td><td align='right'>332</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bedingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Harleston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>380</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bedlam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BEDFORD. This is an ancient corporation, the earliest charter of +which is dated in 1160. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen, +two chamberlains, and thirteen common councilmen. Whoever may have +been a mayor is always afterwards reputed as an alderman. The mayor +and bailiffs are chosen annually out of the freemen. As early as the year + + +<span class="sidenote">Very ancient +corporation.</span> + + +1295, it sent two members to parliament. The Duke of Bedford takes +his title from this town, which first gave title of duke to the victorious +prince John Plantagenet, Regent of France, during the minority of his +nephew, Henry VI. as it did in the reign of Edward IV. first to John +Nevil, Marquis of Montacute, and then to the king's third son, George +Plantagenet; but he dying an infant, the title lay vacant till Henry VII. +created his uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, who also died without +issue; and thus far the title was enjoyed by the first possessor only of +each family. But King Edward VI. making John, Lord Russel, Earl of +Bedford, the dignity has ever since been in that illustrious house, with an +advancement of it to the title of Duke, by King William III. The history + + +<span class="sidenote">Origin of +the Bedford +family.</span> + + +of the noble family of Russell is curious and interesting. They appear to +have originated in Dorsetshire, and owe their greatness to an accident on +that coast. In the reign of Henry VII., Philip, Archduke of Austria, +being bound for Spain, the heiress of which kingdom he had married, was +obliged by a storm to put on shore at Weymouth, where he was received +by Sir Thomas Frenchard, of Wolverton, Knt., who, till he could inform +the court of the event, sent for his neighbour Mr. John Russell, then +lately returned from his travels, to entertain his illustrious guests. The +Archduke was so pleased with his conversation, that he recommended him +to the king of England, who soon advanced him to several honourable +posts, and his son Henry VIII. created him Baron Russell of Cheneys, +in the county of Bucks, which estate he afterwards acquired by marriage. +He was made by Henry VIII. lord warden of the stannaries, and +lord admiral of England and Ireland, knight of the garter, and lord +privy seal. In the reign of Edward VI. he was lord high steward for +the coronation, and had a grant of Woburn Abbey, and was in the 3rd +of Edward VI. 1549, created earl of Bedford. He had the honour to +conduct over to England, Philip of Spain, grandson to the prince who first +brought him to court and advancement. He died 1554, and was succeeded +by his son Francis, who died in 1585, and was buried at Cheneys, +as were most of his descendants. His son Francis being killed a day or +two before his father's death, by the Scotch in the marches, his son Edward +succeeded his grandfather, and died 1627; he was succeeded by his +cousin Francis, son of his uncle William, lord Russell, of Thornhaugh, +lord deputy of Ireland, in the reign of Elizabeth. This Francis was the +first projector of the draining of the great level of the fens, called after + + +<span class="sidenote">Bedford +Level.</span> + + +him, Bedford Level, and dying 1641, was succeeded by his eldest son William, +who after having several times joined both parties during the civil +war, at last adhered to the royal cause, and suffered a severe loss in the +death of his only son by the very family whom he had supported; to +compensate for which he was created by King William, Marquis of Tavistock, +and Duke of Bedford, and dying in 1700, was succeeded by his +grandson Wriothesley. He, in 1711, by his son and namesake, and he +1732, by his brother John, who, dying in 1771, was succeeded by his +grandson Francis, the late duke, who died rather suddenly, of an illness +occasioned by a rupture, on the 2nd of March, 1802, in the 37th year of +his age. His brother, Lord John Russell, succeeded him in his title and +estates. This nobleman, so suddenly and unexpectedly raised to ducal +honours, was born on the sixth of July, 1766; and, on the 21st of March, +1786, before he had completed his twentieth year, he married at Brussels, +Georgiana Elizabeth, the second daughter of Viscount Torrington. +This lady died on the 11th of October, 1801; leaving issue, Francis, +born May 10, 1788; George William, born May 8, 1790; and John, +born August 19, 1792. Shortly after his accession to the title, his grace +married a second time, Georgiana, the fifth daughter of the duke of +Gordon, by whom he had several children. After the death of +Mr. Pitt, when Mr. Fox and his friends succeeded to power, his grace +was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; a post which, without distinguishing +himself as a party man, he filled to the entire and general +satisfaction of the public. When Henry II. granted a charter to the burgesses + + +<span class="sidenote">First charter +granted +by Henry II.</span> + + +of the town of Bedford, he rendered it subject to the payment of +£40. per annum, as a fee-farm rent to the crown. Their mercantile guild +and ancient privileges were confirmed by the succeeding monarch, who +also granted new privileges and immunities similar to those enjoyed by +the burgesses of Oxford. Richard II. granted still more extended privileges, +and among others a view of Frankpledge within the borough. In +this monarch's charter the corporation are styled the mayor, bailiffs, and +burgesses. In the reign of Edward I. the liberties of the town were seized +by that monarch, the bailiffs having neglected to discharge the fee-farm +rent. In the reign of Henry VI. the town being much decayed, many +houses gone to ruin, and the trade of it brought low, and the usual issues +discontinued, the inhabitants petitioned the king to shew them his grace: +accordingly he granted that the yearly rent should be remitted in part for +a time. In the reign of Henry VII. it was permanently reduced, through +the interposition of Sir Reginald Bray, then Prime Minister, to £20. per +annum, and afterwards to £16. 5s. 8d. which rent is now payable to their +successors. The last renewal of the charter of incorporation was in the +reign of King James II. in whose time the mayor and aldermen were removed +from their respective offices, by royal mandate, for neglecting to +elect two burgesses to serve in parliament. The members were in consequence +chosen by his Majesty's ministers. The right of election was +determined in 1690, to be in the burgesses, freemen, and inhabitant +householders not receiving alms. The number of voters is nearly 500. +Bedford is a place of great antiquity, and is supposed by some writers to +have been the Lactidorum of Antoninus; but Camden objects to this, on +the ground that the town is not situated on any Roman road, neither have +any Roman coins been found there. Its situation is upon the Ouse, by +which it is divided into two parts, in the direction of east and west. This +circumstance enables it to carry on a considerable trade with Lynn. In +the Saxons' time, Bedford was a place of considerable consequence: as + + +<span class="sidenote">King Offa +buried here.</span> + + +appears from its having been chosen by Offa, the powerful King of the +Mercians, for his burial place. His bones were interred in a small chapel, +which being situated on the brink of the river Ouse, was afterwards undermined +and swept away by the floods, during an inundation. Bedford, +as has been already stated, was also famous for a victory gained in the +year 572, by Cuthwlf, the Saxon king, over the Britons. The Danes once +destroyed this town; but Edward the Elder repaired it, and united the +town on the south side of the river, called Mikesgate, to Bedford, on the +north side of it; since which they have both gone by this name. After +the conquest, Pain de Beauchamp, the third Baron of Bedford, built a +castle here, encompassed with a mighty rampart of earth, and a high wall, +the whole so strong that King Stephen, who besieged and took it in his +war with the Empress Maud, was glad to grant the garrison honourable +terms. In the barons' wars it was again besieged, and for want of relief, +taken by King John's forces under Fulco de Brent, to whom the King +gave it for a reward; but for his subsequent behaviour he took it from +him, and caused it to be demolished, though it was not quite level till the +reign of Henry III. The celebrated John Bunyan, whom we shall notice + + +<span class="sidenote">John Bunyan.</span> + + +hereafter, was ordained co-pastor of the congregation of St. Peter's, in +1671, and continued in that situation until he died in 1688. The chair in +which he used to sit is still preserved as a relic in the vestry of the chapel. +As early as the year 1745, the Moravians, or society of Unitas Fratrum, +had an establishment at Bedford, where they built a neat chapel in 1750. +Of late years, however, the number of these recluse and inoffensive +sectaries has considerably declined; and the house adjoining to the +chapel, which was formerly appropriated to the brethren and the sisters +of the society, has been converted into a school. In the year 1556, Sir + + +<span class="sidenote">Noble charity, +founded by +Sir William +Harper.</span> + + +William Harper founded a free school in Bedford, for the instruction of +children of the town in grammar and good manners. The school-house +was rebuilt in 1767, when a statue of the founder was placed in the front, +with a latin inscription beneath, to the following effect:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"Behold, Traveller, the Bodily Resemblance<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Of Sir William Harper, Knight;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Of this School,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Thus spacious and Adorned,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">The Munificent Founder,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">The Picture of His Mind,<br /> +Is Dedicated in the Table of Benefactions."</span> +</p> + +<p>The warden and fellows of New College, Oxford, are visitors of this +school, and have the appointment of the masters and ushers. The master's +salary is £260. with coals and candles; that of the second master is +£160., with the same allowance of fire and candle. The writing-master +has a salary of £80. per annum. Sir William Harper, for the support of +this excellent institution, conveyed to the corporation thirteen acres and +one rood of land, lying in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, which he +had purchased for the sum of £180.; he also conveyed his late dwelling-house, +&c., at Bedford. The revenues of these estates were also to be +applied towards apportioning maidens of the town on their entrance into +the marriage estate. In the year 1660, the corporation leased the whole +of the lands in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, for the term of 41 +years, at the yearly rent of £99. In the year 1684, a reversionary + + +<span class="sidenote">Its revenues.</span> + + +lease was granted for the further term of 51 years, at the improved rent of +£150. In consequence of granting these leases, a great number of houses +were built, and the following streets covered the above-mentioned thirteen +acres of meadow land:—Bedford-street, Bedford-row, Bedford-court, +Princes-street, Theobald's-road, North-street, East-street, Lamb's Conduit-street, +Queen-street, Eagle-street, Boswell-court, Queen-street, Harper-street, +Richbell-court, Hand-court, Gray's Inn-passage, Three Cup-yard, +&c. The annual rent of these buildings is now considerably +increased, and it is expected that in a few years it will amount to upwards +of £30,000. This extraordinary increase of revenue occasioned the +trustees to apply to parliament for two several acts to regulate its disposal, +and to extend the objects of the charity. By the priorism contained in +these acts of parliament, the maintenance of the master and usher of the +grammar-school, and the maintenance of a master, and two ushers to the +English school, is provided. Three exhibitions of £40. per annum, are +given to scholars from the free school, either at Oxford or Cambridge, +during the space of six years. The sum of £800. per annum is appropriated +for marriage portions, to be given by lot in sums of £20. each, to +forty poor maidens of Bedford, of good fame and reputation, not under +sixteen years of age, and not exceeding fifty. They are not to marry +within two months after receiving the marriage portion, otherwise to forfeit +it. The men to whom they are to be married must not be vagrants +or persons of bad fame or reputation. A yearly sum of £3,000. per +annum is also appropriated by the last act, for the maintenance of twenty-six +boys in an hospital or school of industry, and £700. to be laid out +in apprentice fees for fifteen poor boys and five girls, to be chosen by lot. +The trustees have likewise been enabled to build alms-houses for + + +<span class="sidenote">Alms-houses.</span> + + +a number of poor men and women. The weekly allowance to each is +3s., and 40s. annually for clothing. If a poor man and his wife live together, +they are allowed to the amount of 5s. per week. One hundred +pounds per annum is appropriated to be given in sums of £5. each, to +twenty poor girls upon their going out to service. The residue of the +income is to be laid out in buildings, and in endowing more alms-houses, +or building cottages to be let at a low rent to the poor. Here are also a +house of industry, and an infirmary, which are well supported. Lace-making +employs a great number of the lower classes, both in the town and county +of Bedford. The lace is chiefly made by women; and children at the + + +<span class="sidenote">Lace-making,<br /> +the chief trade.</span> + + +early age of four years are set down to it. On certain days, the persons +appointed by the dealers collect the lace of the different villages, and convey +it to the London market. A strong stone bridge connects the +northern and southern parts of the town. "This bridge," says Grose, "is +one hundred and sixteen yards in length, four and a half broad, and has +a parapet three feet and a half high; this, it is said, was erected in the +reign of Queen Mary, out of the ruins of St. Dunstan's church, which +stood on the south side of the bridge. It has seven arches, and near the +centre were two gate-houses; that on the north, being used for a prison, +and that on the south served as a store-house for the arms and ammunition +of the troops quartered here. These gate-houses were taken down +in the year 1765, and six lamps set up on posts at proper distances." +The town-hall, or sessions-house, in which the assizes for the county are +holden, is situated in an area before St. Paul's church. It was erected in +the year 1753, and is a capacious and handsome structure.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Tuesday and Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, First Tuesday in Lent, April 21, July 5, Aug. 21, +Oct. 11, and Dec. 19, for all kinds of cattle.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 1.14 morning; departs 2.54 afternoon.—<i>Banker</i>, +Thomas Barnard, draws on Kay and Co.—<i>Inns</i>, George, and Swan.</p></div> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bedlington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>286</td><td align='right'>2120</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bedmanton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Sittingbourne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bedminster</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Dundry</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Weston</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>13130</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Bednall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Penkridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Rugeley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Bedston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bishops' Cas.</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>159</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bedwas</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>756</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedwall Green</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Toddington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hockliffe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bedwelty</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abergavenn.</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>159</td><td align='right'>10637</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BEDLINGTON, though within the county of Northumberland, belongs +to Chester ward, in the county of Durham. It lies between the +rivers Wansbeck and Blythe. The monks of Durham, in their flight to +Lindisfarne, before the arms of the Conqueror, with the incorruptible +body of St. Cuthbert, rested all night here. The Rev. Francis Woodmas, +the expositor of St. Chrysostom, was vicar here from 1696 to 1710. The + +<span class="sidenote">Blast +furnaces.</span> + +Bedlington blast furnace, for smelting iron, was some years since taken +down. At the Bebside and Bedlington Mills, about fifty men are employed. +An unsuccessful attempt was a few years ago made to establish +a manufactory of printed cottons at Stannington bridge, in this +neighbourhood.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bedwin, Great[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ramsbary</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>2191</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bedwin, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>..</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>..</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bedworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Longford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>3980</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Beeby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>120</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Beech</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beech Hill</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aldermaston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>249</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Beechingstoke</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Pewsey</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lavington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>187</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beeding, Upper</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Shoreham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>589</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beeding, Lower</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>533</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beedon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>E. Ilsley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>306</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Beeford</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Driffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>894</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beeley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Matlock</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>441</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beelsby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>158</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beenham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Pangbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beer</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Colyton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Sidmouth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beer</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Watchet</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beerhall</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Crewkerne</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beeralston[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Tavistock</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Plymouth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Saltash</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>213</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BEDWIN was a market-town, and supposed by Stukeley to have +been the Leucomagus of the Romans; it certainly was a chief city of the +Saxons, who built a castle there. It was a borough by prescription, sending +two members to parliament, and is governed by a portreeve, and exercises +many of its original rights, although considerably reduced in +population. The church, a cruciform building of flints, with a central +tower, is ancient and curious in itself, and for the monuments which it +contains. The obtusely pointed arches of the nave, ornamented with +zig-zag and billetted mouldings, rest on capitals, richly adorned with +flowers, grotesque heads, and other figures. In the south transept are +two tombs, which commemorate Adam and Roger de Stocre, Lords, according +to Leland, of "Stoke Haulle thereby." The chancel contains +the noble altar monument of Sir John Seymour, of Wolphall, father of +the Protector, Somerset, and other distinguished persons. Near this +tomb are two brass plates, on one of which is the figure of a lady, with +her hands folded, and the inscription—"Julia Seymour;" the other commemorates + + +<span class="sidenote">Monument +of Julia Seymour, +sister to Lady +Jane Grey.</span> + + +a son of Sir John Seymour. The manor of Bedwin, which +once belonged to Gilbert, Earl of Clare, husband of Anna d'Acres, was +purchased by the late Earl of Aylesbury. This place gave birth, in 1621, +to Dr. Thomas Willis, a learned physician, who wrote several works on +his art, was appointed physician in ordinary to Charles II., and died of +pleurisy in 1675. On Castle-hill is an entrenchment, in area two acres, +with some foundations, supposed to be those of a castle, founded by the +Saxons. Chisbury Castle is an entrenchment more than fifteen acres in +extent, supposed to have been begun by the Britons, and sometime occupied +by the Romans. The neighbouring village of Little Bedwin has a +church built of flints, in the Anglo-Norman style of architecture, with a +nave, aisles, chancel, and tower.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, formerly Tuesday (disused).—<i>Fairs</i>, April 23, and July 26, for horses, cows, and +sheep.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] BEERALSTON. This place once had the privilege of sending two +members to parliament. It is chiefly inhabited by labourers employed in +agriculture and mining. The borough was under the influence of the Earl +of Beverley. The right of election was vested in those who had land in +the borough, and paid three-pence acknowledgment to the Lord of the +Manor, who varied the number of electors at his pleasure, by granting + + +<span class="sidenote">Electioneering +abuses.</span> + + +burgage-tenures, which were generally resigned when the election was concluded, +to as many of his partisans as were requisite. The portreeve, +chosen annually in the Lord's court, was the returning-officer. The first +members were returned in the twenty-seventh of Elizabeth. Risdon +mentions that Beare was bestowed by William the Conqueror on a family +descended from the house of Alencon in France, and that it still continues +its name under the corruption of Bere-Alson. In the reign of Henry II., +Henry Ferrers had a castle here, which came to the possession of his descendant +Martin Ferrers, the last of the house, in the time of Edward III. +The manor then came to the Champernounes, and passed respectively +through the families of Willoughby, Mountjoy, Maynard, and Stamford, +to the present possessor, the Duke of Northumberland. In this place are +several lead-mines, now of inconsiderable value, though sometimes impregnated +with silver; but in the reign of Edward I., it is said, that in +the space of three years 1,600 pounds weight of silver was obtained. +Since that time no considerable quantity has ever been procured.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Berecrocombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>135</td><td align='right'>182</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bere Ferris[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Saltash</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Plymouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tavistock</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>215</td><td align='right'>1876</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bere Hacket</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.& pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Wareham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>1170</td></tr> +</table> + + + + + +<p>[A] BERE FERRIS. This parish is situated south by west from Tavistock. +Here, observes Risdon, "lieth Ley, the ancient possession of a +family so called, whence the name tooke that honor; for from hence Sir +James Ley, Knt., Lord Chief Justice of England, and High Treasurer, +created afterwards Earle of Marlborough, descended; a lawgiver in the +chief place of justice, and a preserver of venerable antiquity, whose noble +thoughts were so fixed on virtue, and his discourses embellished with +wisdome, and his heart with integrity, that his words did never bite, nor +his actions wrong any man, to give him just cause of complaynt." + + +<span class="sidenote">A honest +lawyer.</span> + + +Amongst several ancient monuments in Bere-Ferris Church, is one under +an arched recess, of a cross-legged knight half inclined on his right side, +with his right hand on his sword; and another of a knight and his lady, +under a richly ornamented arch in the chancel. Among the figures +painted on the east window is that of William Ferrers, who was probably +the builder of this fabric, as he is represented kneeling, and holding the +model of a church in his hand.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BERE REGIS is situated in the Blandford division of the county. +Drs. Stukeley and Coker conjecture that this place was the site of a +Roman station; an opinion which is confirmed by a large entrenchment +upon Woodbury Hill, about half a mile north-east of the parish. The +area of this place, which contains about ten acres, is surrounded by triple +ramparts, that in some places are high and deep. On the summit, which +commands a very extensive prospect, a fair is annually holden. This fair +begins on the Nativity of the Virgin, and continues through the five following +days: though of late years it has much decreased; it was once the +most considerable in the west of England. Queen Elfrida, to whom the +manor belonged, is said to have retired to her seat in this place, after the + + +<span class="sidenote">The residence +of Queen +Elfrida.</span> + + +murder of her son-in-law, Edward the Martyr. King John also appears +to have made it his residence. In the reign of Henry III. the manor was +bestowed on Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester; but, as a consequence +attending his rebellion, it was taken from him, and granted to the King's +brother, Edmund. Edmund gave a moiety of it to the Abbess of Tarent, +who, in the reign of Edward I. claimed for her manor of Bere a fair, a +market, a free-warren, and the whole forest of Bere. Her moiety of these +was granted her. At the dissolution, Henry VIII., for the sum of +£680. 16s. 8d. granted the manor to Robert Turberville, to whose ancestors +the other moiety had belonged for ages. The mansion of the +Turbervilles still remains: it is an ancient irregular structure, built with +stone, and its windows contain various quarterings of the Turberville family +and its alliances. Bere Regis, though it does not appear ever to +have been represented in parliament, was incorporated in the time of +Edward I. Its market is ancient, as appears from King John's having +confirmed it to the inhabitants. The church is a large and handsome +structure, and contains numerous monuments of the Turberville and other +families. The town of Bere Regis has suffered twice by fire: once in +1634, and again in 1788. After the latter fire the inhabitants found +shelter in the booths erected for the fair. The most distinguished natives +of the place have been James Turberville, Bishop of Exeter, and John +Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fair</i>, September 18.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bees, St.[A]</td><td align='right'>to & pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Egremont</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Whitehaven</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Buttermere</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>296</td><td align='right'>517</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beesby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>M. Raisin</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beesby in the Marsh,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>132</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tempsford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>258</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] BEES, (ST.) This ancient village is situated in the Ward of Allerdale, +west by north from Egremont. It is understood to have derived its name +and origin from a religious house, which was founded here about the year +650, by St. Bega, an Irish nun of great sanctity. On the death of Bega, + + +<span class="sidenote">Early history.</span> + + +a church was erected in honour of her virtues; but both these establishments +having been destroyed by the Danes, William, son of Ranulph de +Meschines, replaced them by a new foundation of Benedictine monks, and +made it a cell to the Abbey of St. Mary at York: in the time of Henry I. +The manor was granted after the dissolution to Sir Thomas Chaloner, by +Edward VI. in the last year of his reign. It next became the property +of a family named Wyberg, from whom, under a fore-closed mortgage, +it passed to an ancestor of the Earl of Lonsdale, about the year 1663. +St. Bees church, which was erected about the time of Henry I., had the +form of a cross, and great part of it is yet standing. The east-end is +unroofed, and in ruins: the nave, however, is fitted up as the parish +church, and the cross aisle is used as a place of sepulchre. The ancient +chancel has narrow lancet windows, ornamented with double mouldings, +and pilasters, with rich capitals. At the east end are niches, +of a singular form, with pointed arches, supported on well proportioned +pillars, having capitals adorned with rich engravings. The whole edifice +is of red free-stone. A free grammar school was founded in the village of +St. Bees by Archbishop Girandal, under a charter from Queen Elizabeth, +towards the close of the sixteenth century. This prelate was born in the +neighbouring village of Helsingham, in the year 1519. He was educated +at Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship at Pembroke Hall. Being +attached to the principles of the Reformation, Bishop Ridley made him +his chaplain, and precentor of St. Pauls. He was also appointed chaplain +to the King, and prebendary of Westminster; but on the accession of +Mary he retired to Germany, and settled at Strasburgh. When Elizabeth +ascended the throne he returned home, and was employed in revising the +Litany. In 1559 he was chosen master of Pembroke Hall, and the same + + +<span class="sidenote">Archbishop +Girandal.</span> + + +year preferred to the see of London, from whence, in 1570 he was translated +to York, and in 1575 to Canterbury. Two years afterwards he was +suspended from his archiepiscopal functions, for refusing to obey the +Queen's order to suppress prophecyings, or the associations of the clergy +to expound the Scriptures. His sequestration was taken off, though he +never completely recovered the royal favour. He died at Croydon, 1583. +He contributed to Fox's acts and monuments. James I. afterwards increased +the endowments, which have been since augmented by divers +benefactors. Several scholars of great eminence have received the +rudiments of education in this seminary. It is remarkable, however, +that, till a few years ago, the school had not undergone any material +change since its foundation. Occasional repairs were indeed found absolutely +necessary for the support of the buildings, but no improvement +seems ever to have been attempted. Through the munificence of the +Earl of Lonsdale this long respected seminary has been put into complete +order, and made more suitable to the purpose intended by the pious +founder than it had been at any time since its erection. Exclusive of +what has been done at the spacious school-room, the library is rendered +more commodious. The master's house, which adjoins the school, has +been enlarged, some parts of it rebuilt, a good garden well walled round, +and the whole made a very comfortable and eligible residence.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Beeston[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>434</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Castle Acre</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>702</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chilwell</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>2530</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Birstall</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>2128</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston, St. Andrew</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Worstead</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>49</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston, St. Lawren.</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>52</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston Regis</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>246</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Beethom[B]</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Millthorpe</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>252</td><td align='right'>1639</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beetley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Foulsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>381</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Begbrook</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Islip</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>102</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beggerielge</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beckington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] BEESTON. Near this village are the remains of a castle, once deemed +impregnable; it is situated on a sandstone rock, 366 feet in perpendicular +height. So strong was this fortress considered, that it became a proverb +in the neighbourhood to say, "It is as strong as Beeston Castle." The +area contains five acres, and was rendered unapproachable by means of a +very wide ditch. In the reign of Charles I. it underwent a lengthened +siege, or rather blockade, for all communications were cut off with the +neighbourhood for a long term; at last it was compelled to surrender, +and the parliament ordered it to be dismantled. During the period of the +threatened invasion of the French, in 1803, this castle was fixed upon by +the lieutenancy of the county, as the site for a signal station and beacon. +The ancient and craggy walls are beautifully mantled over with a luxuriant + + +<span class="sidenote">Castle on a +rock.</span> + + +covering of ivy, and the base of the hill abounds with several +varieties of rare plants. The well of the castle is nearly 300 feet deep, +and the peasantry firmly believe that it contains a vast store of riches, +which have been thrown into it during the civil wars. A mineral spring +was discovered here a few years ago. The inhabitants of Chester +consider it a favourite holiday indulgence to visit this castle in a pleasure +excursion; and by application to an old woman in the village, who may be + + +<span class="sidenote">A favourite +place of +resort.</span> + + +considered the female warden of the place, travellers can be conducted to +the summit of the building. The views from the ramparts are beautiful, +extending over the whole Vale Royal of Cheshire, to the estuaries of the +rivers Mersey and Dee: that side of the hill which forms a precipice rises +perpendicularly 160 feet from the base of the elevation, and upon looking +down from the high pinnacle of the castle wall, it is sufficient to call to +remembrance the sublime poetic effusion of our immortal bard:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">"How fearful</span><br /> +And dizzy 'tis, to cast ones eyes so low,<br /> +The crows and choughs, that wing the mid-way air,<br /> +Shew scarce as gross as beetles.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">"I'll look no more,</span><br /> +Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight,<br /> +Topple down headlong." +</p> + + + +<p>[B] BEETHOM. This mountainous and highly interesting parish is +situated in the Kendal Ward, at the south-western extremity of the +county of Westmoreland, on both sides of estuaries of the river Kent, +which is navigable for small craft as far as the hamlet of Storch, and +comprises the chapelries of Witherslack, and the townships of Beetham, +Farleton, Haverbrack, and Methop, with Ulpha. The parish church is +dedicated to St. Michael, the patron saint of mountainous and hilly +parishes: it is a neat building, situated in a fine vale, or holm ground, +commanding the richest variety of wood, water, and rocky scenery. Here +are two fine old monuments to the memory of Thomas de Beetham and +his lady, who lived in the reign of Richard III. Here was anciently a +chapel, dedicated to St. John, and near it, in a garden, a considerable +number of human bones were dug up; it was situated about forty yards +from the present school-house. Some few years since a mole cast up an +amber bead, and with it an oval piece of silver, about the size of a shilling; +it was perforated through the middle, and on one side was an impression +of the crucifixion, with the letters J.N.R.J.; on the right of which was a +crescent, and on the left a rising sun; at the bottom, the Virgin Mary, in +a weeping attitude: on the reverse, a lamb, with a standard, and St. +Andrews' cross. The parsonage, or rectory-house, which stood on the +north-east corner of the churchyard, was formerly called the college of St. +Mary's. The Hilton family had also a handsome house near this spot, +which was enlarged and improved by George Hilton, an eccentric squire, + + +<span class="sidenote">George Hilton, +an eccentric +character.</span> + + +and well known character in this neighbourhood about the commencement +of the last century. This George Hilton was a Roman Catholic, and +joined the Scotch rebels in 1715, upon whose defeat he made his escape, +but was pardoned by the act of grace the year following, and afterwards +retired to a house which he built at the south end of Beethom Park. Mr. +Hutton, the historian of this place, says, "that he discovered a diary, in +an old chest, which was kept by this gentleman, taken by himself every +night, but which was afterwards lost. 'On Sunday, (says he in one +place,) I vowed to abstain from three things during the ensuing week +(Lent), viz. women, eating of flesh, and drinking of wine; but, alas! +the frailty of good resolutions. I broke them all! Conversed with +a woman—was tempted to eat the wing of a fowl—and got drunk at +Milnthorp.'" Of this parish the Rev. William Hutton was vicar, who +wrote a folio book of collections for its history, which he deposited +in the vestry for the information of posterity, with blank pages to +be filled up as materials should occur. He was an amiable man, and +an indefatigable antiquarian. The old manor house, called the Hall of +Beethom, was a fine old castellated mansion, but now unfortunately in +ruins. One large apartment in this castle is still called the hall, and according + +<span class="sidenote">The Hall.</span> + +to the laudable practice of ancient hospitality, was devoted to the +purpose of entertaining the friends and dependants of the family: and +hence came the proverb—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"'Tis merry in the hall<br /> +When beards wag all." +</p> + +<p>The remains of a room, formerly used as a chapel, still exist; and the +ruins of this fine mansion are of considerable extent. The ruins of another +hall in this parish are also to be seen in Cappleside Demesne, +consisting of a front and two wings, comprising an extent of 117 feet of +frontage. Also an ancient tower, now in ruins, called Helslack Tower: +and another tower, called Arnside Tower; equally neglected. These +towers seem to have been intended to guard the Bay of Morecambe, as +similar buildings are erected on the opposite side of the river. A grammar +school was founded here in 1663, and rebuilt in 1827. It has an endowment +of about £40. a year, arising out of lands bequeathed for the instruction +of fifty poor boys.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Begelley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Narbeth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tenby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>257</td><td align='right'>996</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Beggars' Bush</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Presteign</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>New Radnor</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Beggars' Bush</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Nettlebed</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Benson</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Beguildy</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>New Radnor</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>1043</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beigham</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Lamberhurst</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tunb. Wells</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brenchley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Eckington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>980</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Loddon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>262</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Beighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Woolpit</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stow Market</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beilby</td><td align='right'>to & chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pocklington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>239</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Belaugh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Worstead</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>151</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Belbank</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>321</td><td align='right'>485</td></tr> + + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Belbank</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>318</td><td align='right'>127</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Belbroughton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kidderminst</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>1489</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Belby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>44</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Belchalwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sturminster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Belchamp Oten</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Headingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Clare</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>397</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Belchamp, St. Pauls</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>808</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Belchamp Wallers[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>670</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belchford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Belford[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Berwich</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>322</td><td align='right'>2030</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Belgh</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ollerton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Belgrave</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>2329</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bellasis</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bellasize</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blacktoft</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>189</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bell Bar</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Barnet</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belleau[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>107</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BELCHAMP, or Belchamp Wallers, in the hundred of Hinckford, +lies north-east by north from Castle Headingham. The church, dedicated +to the Virgin Mary, is lofty and neat, and contains an orchestra, +with a fine toned organ. Here is a capacious vault which belongs to the +Raymond family; and an elegant marble monument dedicated to them in +the chancel. Mrs. Raymond has established in this village a Sunday + + +<span class="sidenote">Belchamp +Hall.</span> + + +school for fifty children belonging to the poor. Belchamp Hall, in this +parish, is the residence of the Raymond's, one of whose ancestors came +into England with the Conqueror, and whose family have resided in this +neighbourhood upwards of two centuries. The house is a substantial and +commodious building, whose principal or south-eastern front is for the +most part composed of foreign bricks. It is situated on a pleasant lawn, +sloping gradually to a small river, within 200 yards of the front. A spacious +and extensive terrace, skirted with lofty trees, at the end of which is +an ancient building, ornamented with painted glass, lies to the south. At +the other end is a lofty mount, with another ornamental building on its +summit. This mansion contains an interesting collection of pictures by +some of the most esteemed masters; among them are the following:—The +Wise Men's Offering, an altar-piece; Albert Durer. This picture, +with a large gun, some pistols, and powder flasks, inlaid with gold and +ivory, were presented to the Raymonds, by Sir William Harris, a sea-officer, +who took them, with other property, on the defeat of the Spanish +Armada, in 1588. A three-quarter portrait of Sir Hugh Middleton, Bart., +in whose public spirit the New river originated, and another of his wife, +are both by Cornelius Jansen. Goldingham Hall, in the parish of +Bulmer, adjoining Belchamp, was the residence of Sir Hugh.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BELFORD is a little market town pleasantly situated on the side of a +hill about two miles from the river Lear, and being a post-town, and on +the great north road, has several good inns. The buildings in general are +neat, and the church is a handsome structure, erected in 1700. Near this +place on a rising ground, are the ruins of an ancient chapel, surrounded +by several tall oaks; and at a little distance, are the remains of a Danish +camp, apparently of great strength, surrounded by a deep ditch. The +annual races formerly run at Beadnall, now take place at this town.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday—<i>Fairs</i>, Tuesday before Whit-Sunday, and August 23, for black cattle, +sheep, and horses. The Edinburgh Mail arrives 7.49 morning; departs 3.36 afternoon.—<i>Inn</i>, +Blue Bell.</p></div> + + +<p>[C] BELLEAU. At this place, which takes it name from the excellent +springs that issue from the chalk hills in the neighbourhood, are the ruins +of what is called the Abbey. These consist of part of a turret, and two + + +<span class="sidenote">Abbey +Ruins.</span> + + +gateways, which convey an idea of its being a place of considerable importance. +The walls are covered with ivy, and overhung with lofty ash +trees. After the civil war, this place was granted to the eccentric Sir +Harry Vane, who used to amuse himself on Sundays in assembling here +his country neighbours, to whom he addressed his pious discourses. +The church of Belleau is said, by Gough, to have been attached to the +neighbouring monastery of Ailby; but neither Tanner nor the Monasticon +mention such a religious house.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bellerby</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leyburn</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>236</td><td align='right'>417</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bellingham[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Wark</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>294</td><td align='right'>1460</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bellister</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Aldstone M.</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>281</td><td align='right'>120</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bell-on-the-Hill</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Chesire</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Belmsthorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ryball</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Essendine</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Belper[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>7890</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Belsey</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>289</td><td align='right'>334</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Belswains</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>H. Hempsted </td><td align='right'>2 </td><td align='left'>Watford </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='left'>Ivinghoe </td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'> 22</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Belstead</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hadleigh</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>248</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Belstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bow</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beltoft</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Crowle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Asbhy</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>735</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BELLINGHAM, lies N. N W. from Hexham. It gave name to an +ancient family, who were seated here in 1378. Some ruins of their castle +still remain. The chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is roofed with stone +arches in rib-work: there are many gravestones in its floor, sculptured +with swords, and other warlike emblems. Nearly opposite, on the south +side of the North Tyne, is Heslieside, the seat of the Charlton family, +since the time of Edward the Sixth. The old mansion-house, built after +the manner of Lowther Hall, in Westmoreland, was burnt down about +eighty years ago, and then rebuilt. The present edifice stands on a gentle +eminence: the grounds are well wooded, and diversified with fine sheep-walks; +and the gardens and fruit walls are very productive. Five miles +above this place is Falstone chapel; and about seven miles further up is +Keelder Castle, formerly the residence of a famous border chieftain, but +at present a shooting-box of the Duke of Northumberland. The moors +here are scattered over with cairns, tumuli, and Druidical monuments. +Of Tarset Hall, about two miles above Heslieside, only some slight remains +are visible. Of Chipchase Castle, the old tower still remains. Its + + +<span class="sidenote">Chipchase +Castle.</span> + + +roof is built on corbels, and it has openings through which to throw down +stones or scalding water upon an enemy. The tattered fragments of +Gothic painting on the walls, are exceedingly curious. Soon after it came +to the family, (its present owners,) the mansion was thoroughly repaired, +and much improved; the chapel on the lawn was rebuilt, the gardens +made, and the grounds covered with extensive plantations. This delightful +residence is surrounded with scenery of the richest and most enchanting +kind. The rooms in it are fitted up in a splendid style, and ornamented +with several excellent paintings. A bridge was erected over the +Burn at the east end of the town in 1826.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.—<i>Fair</i>, Saturday after September 15, for cattle, sheep, linen and woollen +cloth.</p></div> + + + +<p>[B] BELPER, or Belpar, anciently Beaupoire, is situated on the banks +of the Derwent, in the hundred of Appletree. It is a chapelry of Duffield; +and, though formerly an inconsiderable village, its population now exceeds, +with the exception of Derby, every other town in the county. The great +increase of population began from three large cotton mills of Messrs. Strutts, +the first of which was erected in 1776. Two of them yet remain; but +the third was destroyed by fire early in the year 1803. The largest of +these mills is 200 feet long, 300 feet wide, and six stories high: it is considered + + +<span class="sidenote">Manufactories.</span> + + +fire proof, as the floor is built on brick arches, and paved with +brick. The two water-wheels, which are employed in the machinery in +this building, are remarkable for magnitude and singularity of construction; +one of them being 40 feet long, and 18 in diameter; and the other +48 feet long, and 12 feet in diameter. As timber could not be procured +large enough to form the axles of these wheels in the common manner, +they are constructed circularly and hollow, of a number of pieces, and +hooped in the manner of a cask. One of the shafts is six feet in diameter, +and the other nine. The shuttles are constructed in one piece, so as to +support the lateral pressure of the water, although it is ten feet deep, by +resting one upon another. This is different from the usual mode of construction, +in which they are supported by large perpendicular beams at +every six or seven feet, in order to sustain this lateral pressure. About +twelve or thirteen hundred people are employed at these mills; and the +proprietors have built many houses, and a chapel, for their accommodation. + + +<span class="sidenote">Cotton +Mills.</span> + + +Near the mills a stone bridge of three arches has been erected +across the Derwent, at the expence of the county, the former one having +been washed down by a dreadful flood, in 1795. At a short distance, +lower down the river, is a bleaching mill, belonging to the same proprietors; +an iron forge, and two cotton mills; one of them constructed like +that before described. A stone bridge was also erected here by these +gentlemen in 1792. These mills afford regular employment to about 600 +persons. A Sunday school has been established here, and another at +Belper, for the instruction of the children employed at the cotton works.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 1.30 afternoon; departs 8.45 morning.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leadenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>160</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Crowle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>1597</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>400</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>124</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belvoir[B]</td><td align='right'>ex pa. lib</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Colterswrth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>105</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bempton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Flamborough</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hunmanby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>287</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BELTON. The church is a small ancient structure. The tower +appears to have been rebuilt in the year 1637, and at a subsequent period, +the chancel has been renewed. The church is extremely neat, and has + + +<span class="sidenote">Belton +House.</span> + + +in the south window six pieces of stained glass, illustrative of scriptural +subjects. Within the nave are several splendid monuments. Belton +House, near Grantham, the residence of Earl Brownlow, is situated on a +beautiful lawn, in a wooded valley, through which the river Witham winds +its course. The mansion was built in the year 1689, from designs by Sir +Christopher Wren. The form of the building is that of the letter H, a +stile of architecture peculiar to that period. It is of stone, and presents +four uniform elevations. The apartments are lofty, and well proportioned. +Several of the rooms are highly ornamented with carving by Gibbons. +The late Lord Brownlow made considerable improvements in the mansion. +He took down the cupola and balustrade from the roof. The drawing +room was considerably enlarged, and a new entrance at the south front +made. Here are many pictures by celebrated masters of the Flemish and +Italian schools, with numerous family portraits by Lely, Reynolds, Kneller, +Romney and others. Among the latter we may remark a portrait of +Sir John Cust, Bart., Speaker of the House of Commons, in his robes, by +Sir Joshua Reynolds. William III. in his progress through the northern +counties, honoured Belton House with his presence. The park comprises +an area of five miles in circumference, inclosed by a wall; numerous +plantations of fine trees are highly ornamental to the place. Sir +John Brownlow, K.B. afterwards Viscount Tyrconnel, enriched the library +with a valuable collection of books; he also formed some extensive gardens, +which have since been more adapted to the modern taste in gardening.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BELVOIR. The Castle is one of the most magnificent structures in +the kingdom. It is placed on an abrupt elevation of a kind of natural +cliff, forming the termination of a peninsular hill. It has been the seat of +Manners, Dukes of Rutland, for several generations, and claims the priority +of every other building in the county in which it is situated. Belvoir +has been the site of a Castle ever since the Norman conquest; and its +possessors have been chiefly persons of eminence who have figured in the +pages of history. The view from the terraces and towers comprehends +the whole vale of Belvoir and the adjoining country as far as Lincoln, +including twenty-two of the Duke of Rutland's manors. On the southern +slope of the hill are enclosed-terraces, on which there are several flower-gardens, + + +<span class="sidenote">The Castle.</span> + + +surrounded by shrubberies. The park is of great extent, containing +fine forest trees, which form a woodland beneath the hill so extensive +as to afford shelter for innumerable rooks. Its interior and furniture +is of the most superb and costly description; it also contains one +of the most valuable collections of paintings in this country, whether considered +for the variety of the schools, or the works of each master. A +conflagration took place in the year 1816, which consumed a great portion +of the ancient part of the castle, and several of the pictures. A curious +anecdote is related, illustrative of the folly and superstition of ancient +times, which may not be uninteresting to add. Joan Flower and her two; +daughters who were servants at Belvoir Castle, having been dismissed the +family, in revenge made use of all the enchantments, spells, and charms +that were at that time supposed to answer their malicious purposes. +Henry the eldest son died soon after their dismissal, but no suspicion of +witchcraft arose till five years after, when the three women who are said + + +<span class="sidenote">Charge of +witchcraft.</span> + + +to have entered into a formal contract with the devil, were accused of +"murdering Lord Henry Ross by witchcraft and torturing the Lord +Francis his brother and Lady Catherine his sister." After various examinations +they were committed to Lincoln gaol. The mother died at +Ancaster, on her way thither, having wished the bread and butter she ate +might choak her if she was guilty. The daughters were tried before Sir +Henry Hobbert, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Sir Edward +Bromley, one of the Barons of the Exchequer; they confessed their guilt +and were executed at Lincoln, March 11, 1618.</p> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bemerton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Benacre</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blythburg</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Benridge</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ruthbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>57</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Benefield[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamton</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Weldon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Corby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>519</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BEMERTON, a parish in the hundred of Branch and Dole. The +rectory of this place is interesting, as having been the residence of no less +than four celebrated characters, viz. Dr. Walter Curie, Bishop of Bath + + +<span class="sidenote">Celebrated +men.</span> + + +and Wells, and afterwards of Winchester, who died in 1647; George +Herbert, called the divine, who died in 1635; John Norris, a metaphysical +writer, who died in 1711; and, lastly, Mr. Archdeacon Coxe, the traveller +and historian, who died in 1828: all of them gentlemen highly distinguished +in the annals of literature.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BENEFIELD. In this parish are some remarkable cavities, called +Swallows, which have opened a wide field of speculation among philosophers, +who have grounded, upon the singular phenomena they exhibit, +some new systems with regard to the theory of the earth. These swallows +are situated about a furlong west of the village, and are nine in number. + + +<span class="sidenote">Geological +curiosities.</span> + + +Through these cavities, the land-flood waters constantly pass and disappear. +They are of a circular form, and of various diameters; some +having an oblique, and others a perpendicular descent, opening beneath +the apertures into large spaces, which exhibit several smaller conduits, +through which the waters pass, to join perhaps, some subterranean river, +or mingle with the grand abyss of waters, which some philosophers have +placed in the centre of the earth.</p> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bengers</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Colnbrook</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Uxbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Slough</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beneden[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Cranbrook</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tenterden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rolvenden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>1663</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Benfield-Side</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Wolsingham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>543</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Benfleet, North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Rayleigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Billericay</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Southend</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Benfleet, South[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>533</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bengeo</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>855</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bengrove</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Evesbam</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bengworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Worchester</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>850</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Benhall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Saxmundham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Frainlingh</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>668</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Benham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kinbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Benham-Hoe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Benningborough</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Boro'bridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>93</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Benningholme</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverly</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>103</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bennington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>631</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bennington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Boston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wainfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Burgh</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>500</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bennington-Long[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leadenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>982</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BENENDEN, or Biddenden, three miles south east from Cranbrook, +is at present populous, though the clothing manufacture, which first occasioned +the increase of the population of this part of the county, in the +reign of Edward the Third, has for many years failed here. Several good +houses still remaining, discover the prosperity of the former inhabitants. +The church is a handsome regular building, and its tower a structure of +considerable height and strength. By the old part now remaining, it +appears to have been originally but small. The interior contains several +ancient brasses, and among them, one for the Goldwells of Great Chart; +with the dates 1452, and 1499, in Arabic numerals: the rebus of this +name, a golden fountain, or well, is also in one of the windows. A free +grammar school, now degenerated into a complete sinecure, was founded +here in the year 1522. There is a tradition in this parish, that a bequest +for the use of the poor, of 20 acres of land, now called the Bread and +Cheese land, lying in five pieces, was given by two maiden sisters, commonly + + +<span class="sidenote">The Biddenden +maids.</span> + + +called the "Biddenden Maids," of the name of Chulkhurst, "who +were born joined together by the hips and shoulders, in the year 1100;" +and having lived in that state thirty-four years, died within about six +hours of each other. This tale is affected to be established by the correspondent +figures of two females impressed on cakes, which after Divine +service, in the afternoon, on every Easter Sunday, are distributed to all +comers, and not unfrequently to the number from 800 to 1000. At the same +time, about 270 loaves, weighing three pounds and a half each, and cheese +in proportion, are given to the poor parishioners; the whole expence +being defrayed from the rental of the bequeathed lands. The marvellous +part of the story however, was wholly discredited by the well informed, +until the visit of the Siamese twins to this country revived it with some +appearance of truth.</p> + + + +<p>[B] BENFLEET lies south-west by south from Rayleigh. Here was a +castle, built by Hastings, the celebrated Danish pirate, and which building + + +<span class="sidenote">A pirate's +castle.</span> + + +Matthew of Westminster described, as having deep and wide ditches. +This fortress Alfred the Great took and destroyed in the year 890; Hasting's +wife and two sons taken therein, were sent to London. The creeks +entering the Thames round Benfleet are celebrated for their oysters.</p> + + + +<p>[C] BENNINGTON, called Belintone in the Domesday Book, was a seat +of the Mercian kings; and here a great council of nobility and prelates +was assembled about the year 850, under King Bertulph, who on the complaint +of Askill, a monk of Croyland, of the great devastations committed +on the property of that monastery by the Danes, granted the monks a new +charter of divers "splendid liberties," and several extensive manors. In + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient +charters.</span> + + +the 33d of Edward I. a charter of a weekly market, and a fair annually, +was granted for this manor; but the former has long fallen into disuse! +The manor was long in possession of the Bourchiers, Earls of Essex. +Robert, the third Earl, after his divorce from the infamous Lady Francis +Howard, his first wife, in 1613, sold it to Sir Julius Cæsar, Knt., from +whom it descended to his son and heir, Sir Charles Cæsar. This gentleman +was appointed Master of the Rolls in 1638; and, after being twice +married, and having fifteen children by both wives, died of the small-pox, +at Bennington, in 1643: this disease proved fatal also to several of his +issue, and among them, to Julius, his eldest surviving son, who dying +within a few days, was buried in the same grave with his father. Henry, +his next son, and heir, represented this county in the two first parliaments +held in the reign of Charles II.; and he was knighted by that +sovereign in 1660: he also died of the small-pox, in January 1667. + + +<span class="sidenote">The small-pox +fatal to +Cheshires.</span> + + +This manor was sold to the trustees under the will of Sir John Cheshire, +Knt. His great nephew, John Cheshire, Esq., resided in a small mansion +near the ancient castle at Bennington, which stood westward from the +church, and most probably occupied the spot whereon stood the palace of +the Saxon Kings. The artificial mount of the keep, with the surrounding +ditch, are still to be seen. The old manor-house that had been inhabited +by the Cæsars, stood in the park, at a small distance from the village, but +was burnt down about fifty years ago. A small edifice, since erected on +the site, was for some years occupied by Mr. Bullock. Bennington church +is a small fabric, consisting of a nave and a chancel, with a tower at the +west end, and a chapel or burial-place connected with the chancel on the +north. Here are two ancient monuments, under arches, which form + + +<span class="sidenote">Their monuments.</span> + + +part of them, each exhibiting recumbent figures of a knight and a lady. +Many of the Cæsars lie buried here. The Benstede family, sometime +lords of the manor, are supposed to have built this church, as their arms +are displayed both upon the roof and on the tower. In a niche over the +south porch, St. Michael and the dragon are sculptured.</p> + + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Benningworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>373</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bewridge</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>53</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bensinton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Nettlebed</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>1266</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bentfield</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Stanstead</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>B. Stortford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>505</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Benthall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>525</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bentham</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Painswick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bentham</td><td align='right'>pa & to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ingleton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>247</td><td align='right'>3957</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Odiham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>728</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>to & lib</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Walsall</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>S. Coldfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>363</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Arksey</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>1144</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Fenny</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>308</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Great</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>978</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Hungry</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>92</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>438</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bentley,</td><td align='right'>Up. & L.ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Redditch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Benton, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>N. Shields</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Benton, Long[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>5547</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BENSINGTON was an ancient British town, taken from the original +inhabitants by Ceaulin, in the year 572. The west Saxons held the place +for two centuries, and appear to have constructed a castle for its defence; +but it was reduced by Offa, king of the Mercians, who defeated his rival +in a sanguinary contest. To the west of the church are a quadrangular + + +<span class="sidenote">A Mercian +King.</span> + + +bank and trench. Three sides of the embankment are much defaced. +Plot mentions an "angle of King Offa's palace near the church;" by +which he probably alludes to the same spot. In this village are several +modern buildings. The church, which is gothic, has been built at different +times. In the brick flooring of the nave are some ancient stones, with +mutilated brasses. Here is a Sunday-school supported by subscription; +and a meeting-house for methodists.</p> + + + +<p>[B] LONG BENTON. A dreadful calamity occurred at Heaton Colliery, +in this neighbourhood, on the morning of May 3, 1815, when, by + + +<span class="sidenote">Dreadful +accident.</span> + + +the sudden influx of water from an old mine, Mr. Miller, (the under-viewer, +who left a wife and eight children), 22 workmen, 42 boys, and +37 horses, perished; and 25 widows, with about 80 children, were left to +bemoan the sudden death of their husbands and fathers. Steam-engines +were immediately employed, and every exertion was made for the recovery +of the bodies; notwithstanding which, it was not till the 6th of January, +in the following year, that the first body was found. It was that of +an old man employed on the waggon-way: and a fact worthy of notice is, +that the waste-water in which he had been immersed had destroyed the +woollen clothes, and corroded the iron parts of a knife the deceased had +in his pocket, yet his linen and the bone-haft of his knife remained entire. +Shortly after, Mr. Miller, and a few others, were discovered: they had met +a similar fate, having been overtaken by the water about a hundred yards +from the shaft to which they had been hastening to save themselves. But +the lot of these eight persons may be considered fortunate, when compared +with the unhappy beings left at work towards the rise of the mine, and as +yet unconscious of their dreadful situation. About the 16th of February, +the higher parts of the workings were explored; and now a scene truly + + +<span class="sidenote">Fifty-six +lives lost in +a mine.</span> + + +horrible was presented to view: for here lay the corpses of 56 human +beings, whom the water had never reached, being situated 35 fathoms +above its level. They had collected together near the crane, and were +found within a space of 30 yards of each other; their positions and attitudes +were various; several appeared to have fallen forwards from off an +inequality, or rather step, in the coal on which they had been sitting; +others, from their hands being clasped together, seemed to have expired +while addressing themselves to the protection of the Deity; two, who +were recognized as brothers, had died in the act of taking a last farewell +by grasping each other's hand: and one poor boy reposed in his father's +arms. Two slight cabins had been hastily constructed by nailing up deal +boards, and in one of these melancholy habitations three of the stoutest +miners had breathed their last. A large lump of horse flesh, wrapped up +in a jacket, nearly two pounds of candles, and three others, which had +died out when half-burned, were found in this apartment, if it can be so +called. One man, well known to have possessed a remarkably pacific +disposition, had retired to a distance to end his days alone, and in quiet. +Another had been placed to watch the rise or fall of the water; to ascertain +which, sticks had been placed, and was found dead at his post. +There were two horses in the part of the mine to which the people had +retired; one had been slaughtered, its entrails taken out, and hind quarters +cut up for use; the other was fastened to a stake, which it had +almost gnawed to pieces, as well as a corfe or coal basket that had been +left within its reach. That these ill-fated people perished for want of + + +<span class="sidenote">Cause of +their death.</span> + + +respirable air, and not from hunger and thirst, is certain; for most of +the flesh cut from the horse, with a considerable quantity of horse-beans, +were unconsumed, and a spring of good water issued into this part of the +colliery; besides, the unburned remains of candles afford evidence of a +still stronger nature; and by these data the coroner's jury was enabled to +pronounce a verdict accordingly. The overman had left the chalk-board, +in which it is usual to take down an account of the work done, together +with his pocket-book, in an empty corfe; on these some memorandum +might have been expected to be noted: but no writing subsequent to the +catastrophe appeared on either.—The bodies of those men which had lain +in wet places were much decayed; but where the floor was dry, though +their flesh had become much shrivelled, they were all easily recognised +by their features being entire.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bents-Green</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Castleton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bentworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>592</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Benville</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Crewkherne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Benwell</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>276</td><td align='right'>1278</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Benwick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>March</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chatteris</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Peterborough</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'>526</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Beoley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Redditch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>673</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Bepton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Midhurst</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Petersield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Berdin</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Stanstead</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bis. Stortford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>342</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Berdwick</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Marshfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bere-Church</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Coggeshall</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Aberton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>142</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bere</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Sturminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bere-Lay</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Niton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Shanklin</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bergholt, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Hadleigh</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>1360</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bergholt, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>786</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Berkeley[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Dursley </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Chepstow </td><td align='right'>13 </td><td align='left'>Thornbury </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>114 </td><td align='right'> 3899</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Berkeley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Warminster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>531</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BERKELEY. This ancient, but small town, is situated upon a pleasant +eminence in the beautiful vale of Berkeley, almost east from the +Severn. In the Domesday book, it is termed a royal domain and free +borough. A nunnery is said to have existed here in the reign of Edward +the Confessor; the frail sisters of which were dispossessed of their estates, +including the manor, by the craft of Earl Godwin, who found means to +introduce into the community a profligate young man, by whom the nuns +were seduced. This conduct being reported to the King, the nunnery was + + +<span class="sidenote">The nunnery.</span> + + +dissolved, and its possessions granted to the Earl. The Conqueror afterwards +bestowed the manor on Roger, surnamed De Berkeley, a chieftain +who had accompanied him to England. Roger, his grandson, taking part +with Stephen, against Henry II., was deprived of his lands; and Berkeley +was given by that monarch to Robert Fitzharding, Governor of Bristol, +in reward for his eminent services. This nobleman was descended from +the Kings of Denmark, and in his posterity the extensive manor of +Berkeley, one of the largest in England, is still vested. Berkeley church +appears to be of the age of Henry II., though it has undergone various +alterations. Near the pulpit is a curious tomb, in memory of Thomas, +second Lord Berkeley, and Margaret, his first wife. Here also are various +other monuments of this family. The tower, which stands at some distance +from the church, was constructed about seventy years ago. In the +churchyard is the well known ludicrous epitaph, written by Dean Swift, +in memory of "Dickey Pearce, the Earl of Suffolk's fool." Berkeley +Castle appears to have been founded by Roger de Berkeley, soon after the + + +<span class="sidenote">The castle.</span> + + +Conquest; but various important additions were made to it during the +reigns of Henry II., Edward II., and Edward III. The form of the +castle approaches nearest to that of a circle; and the buildings are included +by an irregular court, with a moat. The keep is flanked by three +semi-circular towers, and a square one of subsequent construction: its +walls are high and massive: the entrance into it is under an arched doorway, +with ornamental sculpture in the Norman style, similar to one at +Arundel Castle. This fortress has been the scene of various memorable +transactions; the most remarkable, perhaps, was that of the murder of + + +<span class="sidenote">Murder of +Edward II.</span> + + +Edward II., in September, 1327, thus noticed by Gray:—</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"Mark the year, and mark the night,<br /> +When Severn shall re-echo with affright,<br /> +The shrieks of death through Berkeley's roofs that ring;<br /> +Shrieks of an agonising King!" +</p> + +<p>Tradition states, that when the murder of King Edward had been determined +on, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, at the instigation of the Queen, +wrote to the keeper the following words; which, not possessing the distinctness +imported by punctuation, were capable of a double construction:</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +"Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est."<br /> +Edward the King kill not to fear is good. +</p> + +<p>The keeper, easily divining the wicked wishes of his employer, put his +royal master to death. According to another account, when the death of +this unfortunate, but weak sovereign, had been resolved on by the Queen +and Mortimer, her infamous paramour, he was removed from Kenelworth +to Berkeley Castle, by Sir John Maltravers and Sir Thomas Gourney, to +whose keeping he had been previously committed. Thomas, second Lord +Berkeley, then owner of the castle, treated him with civility and kindness, +but was, in a short time, obliged to relinquish his fortress to the government +of Maltravers and Gourney, by whom the King was soon afterwards +murdered, in the most brutal and savage manner. "His crie," says Holinshed, +"did move many within the castell and town of Birckelei to compassion, +plainly hearing him utter a waileful noyse, as the tormentors +were about to murder him; so that dyvers being awakened thereby, (as +they themselves confessed,) prayed heartilie to God to receyve his soule, +when they understode by his crie what the matter ment." A small apartment, +called the dungeon room, over the flight of steps leading into the +keep, is shewn as the place where the cruel deed was committed: at that +time, all the light it received was from arrow slits; the windows have +been since introduced. A plaister cast kept here, and said to have been +moulded from the King's face after death, is, in reality, a cast from his +effigies on the tomb at Gloucester. Berkeley Castle, during the civil wars, +was held for the King; and frequent skirmishes took place in the town +and neighbourhood. In 1645 it was besieged, and surrendered to the + + +<span class="sidenote">Besieged by +the Parliament.</span> + + +parliament, after a defence of nine days. In the apartments, which are +mostly low, dark, and void of proportion, are preserved a numerous assemblage +of portraits, chiefly of the Stratton branch, the bequest of the +last heir of that family. Besides these portraits, here are several miniatures +of the Berkeleys, of considerable antiquity, and so far curious. A +few landscapes, by Wouvermans, Claude, Salvator Rosa, &c. complete the +Berkeley collection. Edward Jenner, an English physician, celebrated for +having introduced the practice of vaccination, as a preventive of the small-pox, + + +<span class="sidenote">Edward +Jenner.</span> + + +was the youngest son of a clergyman, who held the rectory of Rochampton, +and the vicarage of this place, and the son was born here, May +17, 1749. Being destined for the medical profession, he was, after a +common school education, placed as an apprentice with a very respectable +surgeon, at Sodbury, in his native country. He visited London, to finish +his studies, by attending the lectures of the celebrated anatomist John +Hunter. Returning to the country, he settled here, as a practitioner of +the various branches of his profession. A situation like this afforded but +little leisure or opportunity for acquiring distinction, and an occasion presented +itself for obtaining a larger field for observation, improvement, and +emolument: this, however, he was induced to decline. The circumstances +of the transaction are thus related by Dr. Lettsom, in his address to the +London Medical Society:—"Dr. Jenner happened to dine with a large +party at Bath, when something was introduced at the table which required +to be warmed by the application of the candle, and doubts were +expressed by several persons present, whether the most speedy way would +be to keep the flame at a little distance under, or to immerse the substance +into it. Jenner desired that the candle might be placed near him, and +immediately putting his finger into the flame, suffered it to remain some +time; next he put his finger above it, but he was obliged to snatch it +away immediately. 'This, gentlemen,' said he, 'is a sufficient test.' +The next day he received a note from General Smith, who had been of the +party the preceding day, and who was before that time an utter stranger, +offering him an appointment in India, which would insure him, in the + + +<span class="sidenote">Anecdote.</span> + + +course of two or three years, an annual income £3,000. The offer was +referred to his brother, and Jenner, from his attachment to him, declined +it." He had already obtained the reputation of a man of talent and +science, when he made known to the world the very important discovery +which has raised him to an enviable situation among the benefactors of +the human race. His investigations concerning the cow-pox were commenced +about the year 1776, when his attention was excited by the circumstance +of finding that some individuals, to whom he attempted to +communicate the small-pox by inoculation, were insusceptible of the disease; +and on inquiry he found that all such patients, though they had +never had the small-pox, had undergone the casual cow-pox, a disease +common among the farmers and dairy-servants in Gloucestershire, who +were not quite unacquainted with its preventive effect. Other medical + + +<span class="sidenote">Discovery of +vaccination +by the cow-pox.</span> + + +men were aware of the prevalence of this opinion; but they treated it as +a popular prejudice, and Jenner seems to have been the first who ascertained +its correctness, and endeavoured to derive from it some practical +advantage. He discovered that the variolæ vaccinæ, as the complaint has +been since termed, having, in the first-instance, been produced by accidental +or designed innoculation of the matter afforded by a peculiar +disease affecting the udder of a cow, could be propagated from one human +subject to another by inoculation, to an indefinite extent, rendering all +who passed through it secure from the small-pox. He made known his +discovery to some medical friends, and in the month of July, 1796, Mr. +Cline, surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, introduced vaccination into the +metropolis. So singular and anomalous a fact as the prevention of an infectious +disease by means of another, in many respects extremely differing +from it, could not but be received with hesitation; and a warm controversy +took place on the subject among the medical faculty. This ultimately +proved advantageous both to the discovery and the discoverer, as it terminated +in establishing the truth of the most important positions which +he had advanced, and left him in full possession of the merit due to him +as a successful investigator of the laws of nature. The practice of vaccine +inoculation was adopted in the army and navy, and honours and rewards +were conferred on the author of the discovery. The diploma constituting +him doctor of medicine, was presented to Jenner as a tribute to his talents, +by the University of Oxford; he was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society, + + +<span class="sidenote">Jenner's +subsequent +fame.</span> + + +and of other learned associations; and a parliamentary grant was made to +him of the sum of £20,000. The extension of the benefits of vaccination +to foreign countries spread the fame of the discoverer, who received +several congratulatory addresses from continental potentates. The emperor +of Russia, when in this country in 1814, sought an interview with +Dr. Jenner, treated him with great attention, and offered to bestow on him +a Russian order of nobility. He also visited the King of Prussia, Marshal +Blucher, and the Cossack General, Count Platoff, the latter of whom said +to him, "Sir, you have extinguished the most pestilential disorder that +ever appeared on the banks of the Don." On receiving his diploma, Dr. +Jenner practised as a physician at Cheltenham, during the season, and +that watering-place was his principal residence till he became a widower, +when he removed to Berkeley, to spend in retirement the evening of his +life. He died suddenly in consequence of apoplexy, January 26, 1823, +and was interred in the parish church of this town.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.—<i>Fair</i>, May 14, for cattle and pigs.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Berkhampstead, Gr.[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>2369</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Berkhampstead, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>450</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Berkeswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Meriden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>1450</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<p>[A] BERKHAMPSTEAD. "The Saxons, in old time," observes Norden, +"called this town Berghamstedt, because it was seated among the hills; +for Berg signified a hill; ham, a town; and stedt, a seat; all of which +was very proper for the situation hereof." The buildings are chiefly of +brick, and irregular, but intersected with various handsome houses. Berkhampstead + + +<span class="sidenote">Description.</span> + + +consists of one principal street, about half a mile in length, extending +along the side of the high road; and another smaller one branching +out from the church towards the site of the castle. The Grand +Junction Canal runs the whole length of the town, and very close to it, +which makes it a place of considerable trade. Many respectable and genteel +families reside here, and hold their monthly balls at the King's Arms +Inn, during the winter. The King of Mercia had a palace or castle here; +and the town had attained sufficient importance at the time of the Conquest, +to be appointed as the place of meeting between the Norman +sovereign, and the chiefs of the confederacy formed against his power, and +headed by Abbot Fretheric, of St. Alban's. "In the brough," says the +Domesday Book, "are two and fifty burgesses, who pay four pounds a +year for toll; and they have half a hide, and two shillings rent, common +of pasture for the cattle, wood to feed a thousand hogs, and five shillings +rent by the year. Its whole value is sixteen pounds. The castle erected +by the Saxons was enlarged, strengthened, and fortified with additional + + +<span class="sidenote">Its ancient +castle.</span> + + +outworks, by the Earl of Mortaigne; but in the time of his son and successor, +William, who had rebelled against Henry I., it was seized, and +ordered to be razed to the ground." It is probable, however, that the +demolition was only partial, as it was again fitted up as a royal residence, +either in the time of Stephen, or early in the reign of Henry II. The +castle and honour of Berkhampstead continued in the possession of the +crown till the seventh of King John, who granted them to the Earl of +Essex, for £100. per annum. In the year 1216 the castle, which had been +reverted to the crown, was besieged by Lewis, Dauphin of France, in +conjunction with certain English barons. The garrison, taking advantage +of the negligence of the besiegers, made two successful sallies on the same +day, capturing divers chariots, arms, and provisions; but, after a siege of +some continuance, they surrendered. Henry III. granted the Earldom of + + +<span class="sidenote">The seat of +Kings and +Nobles.</span> + + +Cornwall, with the honour and castle of Berkhampstead, to Richard, his +brother, for his services at the siege of the castle of Riole, in France; but, +disagreeing with him, he revoked the grant. The interposition of the +Earls of Pembroke and Chester occasioned its restoration to the Earl of +Cornwall. In 1245, the King granted him an annual fair, of eight days' +continuance, for his manor of Berkhampstead; and here, after a long illness, +he died on the 4th of April, 1272. Edmund, his only surviving son, +succeeded to his estates and titles; and in his time there were twelve +burgesses within the borough, with fifty-two free tenants, and twenty-two +tenants by serjeancy. This Earl founded the college of Bon-Hommes, +at Ashridge, in Buckinghamshire. In the fourth of Edward III., John of +Eltham, brother to the King, had a grant of Berkhampstead, with other +manors, to the value of 2,000 marks per annum: but, dying without +issue, in 1336, his estates were granted by the King, to Edward the Black +Prince, with the Dukedom of Cornwall, to be held by him and his heirs, +and the eldest sons of the heirs of the King's of England. Richard II. +occasionally resided at Berkhampstead castle. Since that period, the castle +and honour of Berkhampstead have descended from the crown, to the successive +Princes of Wales, as heirs apparent to the throne, and possessors +of the Dukedom of Cornwall, under the grant of Edward III. The castle +was situated on the east side of the town; and, though the buildings are + + +<span class="sidenote">Now in +ruins.</span> + + +now reduced to a few massive fragments of wall, the remains are still +sufficient to evince the ancient strength and importance of this fortress. +The ramparts are very bold, and the ditches still wide and deep, particularly +on the north and east sides, though partly filled up by the lapse of +centuries. The keep was a circular tower, occupying the summit of a +high and steep artificial mount, moated round. Large trees are now +growing on the sides of the mount, as well as on many parts of the outward +rampart, and declivities of the ditches: other parts are covered with +underwood, in many places so thick as to be impassable. The inner court +is now an orchard; the outer court is cultivated as a farm; and a small +cottage, with a few out-buildings, now occupies a portion of the ground +once occupied by Princes and Sovereigns. Near the rampart, on the west +side, flows the little river Bulbourne. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, +is built in the form of a cross, with a tower rising from the intersection +towards the west end, and having a projecting staircase at the south-east +angle, terminated by a turret at the summit. The tower is supported on +strong pointed arches, and was originally open, but is now closed from +the church by the belfry floor. On the outside of the tower, next the +street, is a sculpture of an angel supporting a shield, impaled with the +arms of England and France quarterly. The same arms are painted on +glass in the window of a small chapel within the church. Various chapels + + +<span class="sidenote">The church.</span> + + +and chantries were founded here in the Catholic times, and are still partially +divided from the body of the church. The sepulchral memorials are +numerous. Between two columns of the nave, surrounded by pews, is an +ancient tomb of rich workmanship, having on the top, full-length effigies +of a Knight and his Lady, both recumbent. The Knight is represented in +armour, with his hands raised in the attitude of prayer across his breast: +his head rests on a helmet, having a human head, with a long beard, at +the upper end; his feet are supported on a lion: he has on a hood and +gorget of mail; and, on the sash, which crosses his body and shoulder, +is a rose: opposite to this, on his breast-plate, is a dove. The figure of +the lady is greatly mutilated; her hands and head are broken off; the +latter rests on a cushion, and is covered with net-work; she is arrayed in +a close dress, and has a rose on each shoulder. No inscription is remaining +on this tomb to designate the persons to whose memory it was erected. +Torynton is supposed to have been the founder of the church; a man in +special favour with Edmond Plantagenet, Duke of Cornwall. In Sayer's +chancel is an altar-tomb of alabaster and black marble, in the memory of +John Sayer, Esq., who was chief cook to Charles II. when in exile, and +founder of the alms-house for poor widows in this town. A large and +strong building of brick, erected as a free-school in the reign of Henry + + +<span class="sidenote">Free school.</span> + + +VIII., and endowed with the lands of the guild or brotherhood of St. +John the Baptiste, (an ancient foundation in this town,) stands at the +bottom of the churchyard. In the next reign the school was made a +royal foundation, and incorporated. The master is appointed by the +crown, and has apartments at one end of the free school; the school-room +occupies the centre; and the other end is inhabited by the chaplain and +usher. Here is also a charity-school, supported by voluntary contributions, +&c. Numerous donations for charitable purposes have been made to this +parish, the principal of which was a bequest of £1,000., made by John +Sayer, Esq., in July, 1681, for the building and endowment of an alms +house: this was erected after his decease by his relict, who placed in it +six poor widows, and increased the original endowment by the gift of +£300. Each widow has a small allowance weekly, and a cloth gown +worth 20s. once in two years. In the 14th of Edward III., two representatives +were sent from this borough; but this was the only return +ever made, except to the great council held at Westminster, in the 11th of +the same King. Berkhampstead had a charter of incorporation granted by +James I., but it scarcely survived the reign of his son. An attempt was +made to revive the charter, a year or two after the restoration, but it did +not succeed. The honour of Berkhampstead formerly included upwards of +fifty-five lordships and manors, in the three counties of Herts, Northampton, +and Buckingham. Berkhampstead-place is situated on a pleasant + + +<span class="sidenote">Contained fifty-five lordships.</span> + + +eminence adjoining the town. Great part of the structure was erected by +the Careys, having been burnt down in the time of the Lord Treasurer +Weston, who then resided in it: the remainder was afterwards repaired, +and with some additions, forms the present dwelling. King James's +children were mostly nursed in this house. The life of Cowper, the poet, +who was born here, will be given at Olney, on account of the length of the +present article.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Shrove-Monday, Whit-Monday, for cattle; Aug. 5, cheese; +September 29, Oct. 11, statute.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 11.30 night; departs 3.30 morning.—<i>Inn</i>, +Kings Arms.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Berkshire[A]</td><td align='right'>co</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>145289</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Berling</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Felton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Widrington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>306</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Bermersley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>244</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BERKSHIRE. This county was originally inhabited by three tribes +or nations, termed by the Romans Attrebates, Bibroces, and Segontiaci. + + +<span class="sidenote">Its ancient +division into +three nations.</span> + + +The first occupied part of the west, the south-west and north-west parts. +The second the south-east parts; and the third a portion of the north parts. +Under the Romans, this county formed part of the first division called +Britannia Prima. During the Heptarchy it belonged to the West Saxons. +It was once called Berrocshire, from the name of a hill covered with box, +which at one time occupied a large portion of it. It is an inland county, +bounded on the north by the Thames, which divides it from Oxfordshire +on the west, and Bucks on the east; and by part of Surrey; on the north +by Surrey and Hampshire; and on the west by Wilts and a small part of +Gloucestershire. It is so very irregular in its shape as not to admit of +any adequate description. Its greatest length is about forty-eight miles, +and its utmost breadth from north to south about twenty-five. In one of +the narrowest parts, by Reading, it is about six or seven miles, and less +still at the eastern extremity. It contains about 464,500 acres, and is +about 140 miles in circumference; it is in the province of Canterbury, +and the diocese of Salisbury; (the parish of Chilton, which is in the +diocese of Oxford, and Langford, which is in that of Lincoln, excepted;) +subject to an archdeacon, and is divided into six deaneries. It is included +in the Oxford circuit. There are 20 hundreds, 12 market towns, 148 +parishes (of which 67 are vicarages,) and 671 villages. The natural divisions +of the county are four, 1. The Vale, beginning at Budcot, and ending +at Streatley. 2. The Chalky Hills, running nearly through the centre +of the lower part of the county. 3. The Vale of the Kennet, extending +diagonally from Hungerford to near Wargrave. 4. The Forest Division, +commencing on the east to Loddon, and occupying nearly the entire breadth +of this part of the county to Old Windsor, and from Sandhurst south to +Maidenhead north. The air is deemed peculiarly salubrious, particularly + + +<span class="sidenote">Air, soil, +and rivers.</span> + + +on the chalky and gravelly soils, which are the most common throughout +the county; but the uneven face of the country causes some slight degree +of variation in this particular, though every part is considered healthful +and good. The soil is as various (though perhaps more mixed) as in the +last described county. The Vale of White Horse consists generally of a +rich strong loam and gravel, with some sand and stone brasp, producing +corn, wheat, beans, &c. In the Chalk Hill district, light black earth on +chalk prevails, with flint, chalk, gravel, and loam. Here numerous sheep +are fed; it produces, towards the south and east, turnips, barley; and, +when properly manured, Lammas wheat and artificial grasses. The Vale +of Kennet, is generally peat land, with gravel, loam and clay, though in the +south east parts a poor stony and heathy soil. The Forest District, gravel, +clay, and loam, except on the south, which is poor and heathy. The principal +rivers and streams are the Thames, the Kennet, the Loddon, the +Lambourn, the Ock, the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater. All +these, with perhaps the exception of the Aubourn, the Emme, and the +Broadwater, abound with almost every kind of fresh water fish. Besides +these rivers and streams, there are the Ginge Brook, the Moreton Brook, +and other rivulets, &c.; also some other natural and artificial lakes and +ponds. Water, however, is generally scarce on the Berkshire downs, and +along the whole of the chalky stratum. The navigable rivers are the +Thames and the Kennet. The navigable canals are the Kennet and Avon +canal, which joins the river Kennet a little above Newbury; the entire +length from Newbury to Bath is sixty miles—it has been navigable since +the year 1798; and the Wilts and Berks canal, opened on September 21, +1810, into the Thames at Abingdon; from near Bath to Abingdon, about +fifty-one and three-quarter miles. Mineral waters are by no means common +in this county. The natural productions of this county, except +those which may be considered partly agricultural, are neither plentiful +or important. There are no minerals nor fossils of any great consequence. + + +<span class="sidenote">Natural +productions.</span> + + +The strata of sand with oyster-shells, and particularly a thick +stratum of chalk, is found near Reading. The surface of the soil, +however, amply compensates for the apparent barrenness of the internal +parts; and the produce of fat cattle, sheep, swine, and grain, is +immense; as is also that of fine timber, especially oak and beech. Abingdon +gives the title of Earl to the Bertie family—Coleshill, that of Baron to +the Pleydell-Bouverie family—Foxley, that of Baron to the Townshend family—Hungerford, +that of Baron to the Rawdon-Hastings family—Mortimer, +the title of Earl to the Harley family—Newbury, that of Baron to the +Cholmondely family—Uffingham, that of Viscount to the Craven family—and +Windsor, the title of Baron to the Windsor-Hickman family; and +Earl, to the Stuarts. It has been calculated, that, including houses, mills, +and other productive revenue arising from or attached to the soil, the +landed property cannot amount to less than £500,000 per annum, and +that the largest possessor may have about £8000. The largest possessor, +being a peer, is the Earl of Craven. The Craven, Englefield, Eyston, Read, + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient and +noble families.</span> + + +Southby, Seymour, and Clarke families are among the few ancient families +who still inherit the same estates, and occupy the same seats, or are immediately +connected with the county, as their ancestors. Among the +representatives of some very old families, or in the female line, may be +ranked the Berties, the Nevilles, the Pleydells, the Puseys, the Throckmortons, +the Lovedens, the Nelsons, and the Blagraves. The King is +purposely omitted in this brief list:—his possessions as a landed proprietor +being well known. Agriculture so much engrosses the attention +of the people of Berkshire, that very little trade, unconnected with +these pursuits is carried on. There are, however, some manufactories +of sail-cloth, kerseys, canvass, and malt; and there are also several +pretty large breweries in various parts of the county: the Windsor ale +having acquired considerable celebrity; and at the Temple mills, near +Bisham, there is a copper manufacture, and a manufacture of potash at +Milton.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bermondsey[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Bank of Eng.</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Westm. Ab</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rotherhithe</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>29741</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Berrier</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Keswick</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>113</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Berriew</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'> Welch Pool</td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Newtown </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='left'>Montgomery </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>172 </td><td align='right'> 2429</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Berrington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>129</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Berrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Act. Burnell</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>684</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Berrington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>165</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Berrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Weston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>496</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Berrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Upton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Malvern</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>507</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>?1</td><td align='left'>Berry Narbor</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Ilfracombe</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>C. Martin</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>794</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BERMONDSEY stretches along the banks of the Thames, from Southwark +to Deptford, and Rotherhithe eastward, and is much inhabited by +woolstaplers, fellmongers, curriers, parchment-makers, and other manufacturers, +with such craftsmen as are connected with the construction and +management of shipping. A priory for monks was founded here in 1082, +by Aylwin Child, a citizen of London, and endowed by the second William +with his manor of Bermondsey. In 1399, it was made an abbey, +and at the dissolution, it was granted to Sir Thomas Pope, who built on +its site a large house, which afterwards became the property and residence +of the Earls of Sussex. Another part of the site is called the Abbey House. + + +<span class="sidenote">Royal residence.</span> + + +Catherine, the Queen of Henry V., and Elizabeth, Queen of Edward IV. +retired to this place, where they died, the former in 1436; the latter +soon after the forfeiture of her lands, by an order of the Council, in 1486. +The church was erected in 1680, of brick, with a low square tower and +turret, and consists of a chancel, nave, two aisles, and a transept. A free +school was founded here by Mr. Josiah Bacon, and endowed with a revenue +of £150. for the instruction of not more than sixty, or fewer than forty +boys. A charity-school was also established, by contributions, in 1755, +for the education of fifty boys and thirty girls, and was afterwards endowed + + +<span class="sidenote">Church and +schools.</span> + + +by Mr. Nathaniel Smith, with a revenue of £40. per annum. The +Bermondsey Spa was discovered in 1770, and, by means of the attractive +entertainments contrived by the proprietor, became a place of general resort; +but soon after his death the gardens were closed, and the area is now +built upon. This suburban parish long retained a very antique air from +the age of several of its streets and houses, many of which were built of +wood. But the spirit of improvement has gradually amended its appearance: +an act of parliament was passed in the year 1823, for watching, +paving, cleansing, and lighting the parish. A new church has been +erected here for the convenience of the parishioners, at a moderate distance +from the mother church; it is, however, subordinate to the original +rectory.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Berry Pomeroy[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Torquay</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Brixham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>197</td><td align='right'>1186</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Bersham Drelincourt</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Llangollen</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>1240</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Bersted, South</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lt. Hampton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>2190</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Berwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>203</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Berwick, Gt. & L.</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Albrighton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Berwick Hill</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>105</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Berwick, St. James</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>232</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Berwick, St. John</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>425</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Berwick, St. Leonard</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Warminster</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>51</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Berwick-Prior</td><td align='right'>lib</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Berwick-Salome</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>134</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BERRY POMEROY. This place, situated in the hundred of Hayter, +derives its name from the Pomeroys, a very considerable family in these +parts. Ralph de Pomeroy, who came to England with William the +Norman, and for his services was rewarded with fifty-eight lordships in +this county, built a castle here, the magnificent ruins of which, seated on + + +<span class="sidenote">Castle in +ruins.</span> + + +a rocky eminence, rising over a pellucid brook, now form, in combination +with the other features of the scenery, one of the most delightful views in +Devonshire. The approach to the castle, observes Dr. Matton, in his +Observations on the Western Counties, "is through a thick wood, extending +along the slope of a range of hills that entirely intercept any prospect to +the south: on the opposite side is a steep rocky ridge, covered with oak, +so that the ruins are shut into a beautiful valley. The great gate, with +the walls of the south front, the north wing of the court, or quadrangle, +some apartments on the west side, and a turret or two, are the principal +remains of the building; and these are so finely overhung with the +branches of trees and shrubs which grow close to the walls, so beautifully +mantled with ivy, and so richly incrusted with moss, that they constitute +the most picturesque objects that can be imagined; and when the surrounding +scenery is taken into the account, the noble mass of wood fronting +the gate, the bold ridges rising in the horizon, and the fertile valley +opening to the east, the ruins of Berry Pomeroy Castle must be considered +as almost unparalleled in their effect." The posterity of Ralph +de Pomeroy resided here till the reign of Edward VI., when Sir Thomas +Pomeroy sold the manor to Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, from +whom it has descended to the present Duke of Somerset. Berry Pomeroy +Castle, whose venerable ruins we have just mentioned, appears to have +been originally quadrangular, and to have had but one entrance, which was +on the south side, between two hexagonal towers, through a double gateway; +the first of which was machiolated, and strengthened by angular +bastions, and having over it the Pomeroy arms, still visible. A small +room over the gateway was probably the chapel: it is divided by a +wall, supported by pillars and arches. From the eastern tower is a fine +view of the surrounding country. The ruins in the interior part, or quadrangle, +are considerably more modern than the rest of the building. These +appear to have belonged to a "magnificent structure," commenced, says +Prince, in his Worthies of Devonshire, by the Seymours, at an expense of + + +<span class="sidenote">Former +state of the +castle.</span> + + +£20,000, but "never brought to perfection: for the west side of the +mansion was never begun: what was finished may be thus described. +Before the door of the Great Hall was a noble walk whose length was the +breadth of the court, arched over with curiously carved free-stone, supported +in the fore part by several stately pillars of the same stone, of great +dimensions, after the Corinthian order, standing on pedestals, having +cornices and freezes finely wrought. The apartments within were very +splendid, especially the dining-room; and many other of the rooms were +well adorned with mouldings and fret-work; some of whose marble +clavils were so delicately fine, that they would reflect an object true and +lively from a great distance. Notwithstanding which it is now demolished, +and all this glory lyeth in the dust, buried in its own ruins; there being +nothing standing but a few broken walls, which seem to mourn their own +approaching funerals." The walls are formed of slate, and appear to be +rapidly decaying. The grounds round the castle consist of steep eminences, +covered with oak and other trees. Even in the court, and remains of the +fortress itself, trees of nearly a century's growth are flourishing in +luxuriance, and compose, with the shrubs thickly scattered within the area, +a scene highly beautiful. In the wars between Charles I. and the +Parliament this castle was dismantled. Berry Pomeroy Church, which +was built by one of the Pomeroy family, contains a splendid alabaster +monument to the memory of Lord Edward Seymour, Knt. son to the +Duke of Somerset; Edward Seymour, Bart. and his Lady, the daughter +of Sir Arthur Champernoune. The two first are represented in armour; +the knight having a truncheon in his hand, and lying cross-legged. The +lady is in a black dress, with the figure of a child, in a cradle, at her +head, and at her feet another in a chair: below are nine figures kneeling, +with books open before them. This monument was repaired by the +late Duke of Somerset, the eighth lineal descendant of the Duke of Somerset +the Protector.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Berwick-upon-T[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Coldstream</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Dunbar</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Edinburgh</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>337</td><td align='right'>8920</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Besford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shawbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Weston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>158</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Besford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Upton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>146</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BERWICK. The town is situated N. by W. from Newcastle. King +Edgar gave it, with Coldingham, to the church of Durham; but it was afterwards +forfeited by Bishop Flambard. It had a church in the reign of Alexander, +and, in David's time constituted one of the four boroughs where +courts of trade were wont to be held. In 1173, it was reduced to ashes; +and in the following year, Earl Duncan marched to the place, and butchered +its defenceless inhabitants. Henry II. having obtained the castle as a pledge +for King William, strengthened its fortifications. It was restored, however, + + +<span class="sidenote">The disputed +town.</span> + + +in the following reign. King John made dreadful ravages in the town and +neighbourhood. A convention was held here by Edward I., in 1291, to +arbitrate the claims to the crown of Scotland, which were at length +determined in favour of his creature, Baliol. This prince having shortly +afterwards thrown off his allegiance, Berwick became exposed to the fury +of Edward's resentment. In 1296, the English king fortified it with a wall +and a fosse, and in the same year received the homage of the Scotch nobility +here In 1297, the town was taken by Sir William Wallace; but the +castle held out, and after a long assault, was relieved. Wallace about eight +years after this was betrayed, and half of his body exposed upon Berwick-bridge. +The Countess of Buchan, for crowning Robert Bruce, at Scone, + + +<span class="sidenote">Countess of +Buchan +shut up in a +cage six +years.</span> + + +was shut up here in a wooden cage, six years, and then released. Edward +II. and his queen wintered at Berwick in 1310. He assembled his army +here before the battle of Bannockburn. Peter Spalding betrayed this place +into the hands of Robert Bruce in 1318: many attempts were made to +recover it, which was not effected till the day after the battle of Hallidon-hill, +in 1333. Edward III. was here in 1335, with a great army in 1340, +and the year after, at Easter, held a tournament; but during his absence in +France, in November 1353, the Scots surprized and took the town. The +castle, under the renowned Sir John Copeland, held out till Edward, in +February following, arrived with a great army, and forced the Scotch to +capitulate. Seven Scotchmen, in 1377, surprised the castle, and held it +eight days against 7,000 archers, and 3,000 cavalry. The deputy-governor, +under the Earl of Northumberland, betrayed it into the enemy's hands in +1384; but the earl soon after recovered it. Through the solicitation of +his uncle the Earl of Worcester, engaging in the rebellion against Henry IV., +in 1406, he employed this fortress against the king; but a cannon-shot, +the first that was ever fired in England, so alarmed the garrison, that it, +immediately surrendered. According to Walsingham and Speed, this shot +was of a large size, and demolished great part of a tower. In 1811, a + + +<span class="sidenote">The first +cannon-ball +used in +England.</span> + + +all of cast iron, weighing ninety-six pounds, answering to this account, +was found in a part of the ruins of the castle. It had penetrated the wall +about three yards, at a place where it was flanked with a tower. An +unsuccessful attempt was made to reduce it in 1422; but after the battle +of Towton, in 1461, it was again in the hands of the Scots, who +strengthened its walls, and held it till 1482, when it finally came into +possession of the English. "From that time," observes Camden, "the +kings of England have continually added works to it, particularly Queen +Elizabeth, who, lately to the terror of the enemy, and security of the +towns-people, contracted the circuit of the walls, drawing within the old +ones a very high wall, well built of strong stone, surrounded by a deep +ditch, a regular rampart, redoubt, counterscarps, and covered ways, so +that the form and strength of the fortifications are sufficient to discourage +all hopes of carrying it by assault, not to mention the bravery of the +garrison, and the stores in the place, which exceed belief." Between the +years 1761 and 1770 the walls were almost entirely rebuilt in many parts, +and finished in 1786. The governor of Berwick has a salary of £586. 7s. 1d. +The barracks measure 217 by 121; and contain twenty-four rooms for +officers, and seventy-two rooms adapted to hold 567 privates. The church +of Berwick, a peculiar of the dean and chapter of Durham, stands on the +north side of the parade. It was rebuilt between 1642 and 1652, at the +cost of £1400. It has no steeple. It consists of three aisles, and several +galleries, all handsomely pewed. The Worshipful Mercers' Company, +in London, founded a lectureship here. David I., King of Scotland, + + +<span class="sidenote">The church +and convents.</span> + + +founded here a convent for Cistertian Nuns; and Robert III, granted +its revenues to Dryburgh Abbey. The convent of Carmelites originated +with Sir John Grey, in 1270. The Scotch King, in 1239, brought +hither a convent of Dominicans, which Edward III. removed. The +Trinitarians had a house here, as had the Franciscans; and between the +sea and the town, in Maudlin-field, stood the hospital and free chapel of +St. Mary Magdalen, which had an hospital or hermitage belonging to it +at Segeden.—Queen Elizabeth founded a free school here; and a charity-school +was rebuilt in 1725, in which twenty boys and six girls are clothed +and educated. Berwick bridge was swept away by a flood in 1199. It + + +<span class="sidenote">The bridge +24 years in +building.</span> + + +was rebuilt of wood, of which it consisted, till the time of James I., who +commenced the present elegant structure of stone. It has fifteen arches; +its length being 1164 feet, and its breadth seventeen. It was twenty-four +years, four months, and four days in building, and cost government +£14,960 1s. 6d. The Town Hall was built in 1754. On its ground-floor, +on the east-side, is a piazza, called the Exchange; and opposite it are cells +for criminals, and shops. The second floor consists of two spacious halls. +The outer hall, for holding courts and guilds, measures, sixty feet by +thirty-one. The inner hall forty-seven feet long and twenty-three feet +broad, is occasionally occupied for public entertainments. The upper +story is the common gaol of the town. The turret, 150 feet high, contains +eight musical bells. The first charter of the corporation was granted by +Edward I. The corporation were first summoned to send members to +parliament in the latter end of the reign of Edward IV. The last charter +of this town was granted by James I. The corporation now consists of a +mayor, recorder, town clerk, four bailiffs, a coroner, four serjeants at mace, + + +<span class="sidenote">Municipal +officers.</span> + + +and a water-bailiff. The mayor is also escheator in the borough, clerk of +the market, and a justice of the peace; the other justices of the town being +the recorder and such resident burgesses as have sustained the office of +mayor. They are lords of the manor of Tweedmouth, where they hold a +court-leet and court-baron twice a year. Their annual revenues arising +from duties taken at the quay and gates, are estimated at £7000. Besides +the trade in salmon, great quantities of corn and eggs are exported here for +London. One morning in the month of October, 1814, there were upwards +of 10,000 salmon, in Berwick market, caught in the Tweed, some of which +might have been bought at 2s. each. At the same time, the finest herrings + + +<span class="sidenote">Salmon and +herring +fisheries.</span> + + +(of which an immense shoal was on the coast) were sold for 2s. the hundred +of six score. On the same day the best salmon was sold in Newcastle +market at 6d. per pound, and some of the inferior kind as low as 4d. The +port has about sixty or seventy vessels. The harbour abounds with low +dangerous rocks. At its mouth a noble pier has recently been constructed +on the site of an old one, built by Queen Elizabeth. Berwick Castle, +once a place of high importance, is now almost levelled with the ground. +About 400 yards north of it, is a pentagonal tower, called the Bell Tower, +having its name from containing a bell, which was rung on any occasion +of alarm.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Friday in Trinity Week, for black cattle, +sheep, and horses.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 9.49 morning; departs 2.1 afternoon.—<i>Bankers</i>, Commercial +Banking Company; draw on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Batson and Co.: draw on Glynn and +Co.—<i>Inns</i>, King's Arms, and Red Lion.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Besselsleigh[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>124</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bessingby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Carnaby</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>83</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bessingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>137</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Besthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Attleborough</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>542</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Besthorp</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Saxilby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>132</td><td align='right'>322</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Beswick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>248</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beswick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverly</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Gt Driffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Betchworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Reigate</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dorking</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leatherhead</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>1100</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bethersden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenterden</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Smarden</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>973</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BESSELSLEIGH, is a small village, in the hundred of Hormer. The +manor formerly belonged to the family of Legh, from which it passed, by +a female heir, to that of Besils, or Blesells, which flourished there for +several centuries. "At this Legh," says Leland, "be very fayre pastures +and woodes. The Blesells hathe bene lords of it syns the tyme of +Edwarde the First, or afore, and ther they dyd enhabite. The place is +all of stone, and stondithe at the west end of the paroche churche. The +Blesells cam out of Provence in Fraunce, and were men of activitye in + + +<span class="sidenote">The Blessell's +family.</span> + + +feates of armes, as it appearith in monuments at Legh, how he faught in +Listes with a strange knighte that chalengyd hym, at the whiche deade the +Kynge and Quene at that tyme of England, were present. The Blesells +were countyd to have pocessyons of 400 marks by the yere." In the +year 1516, the estates of the Blesells were carried, by the marriage of an +heiress, to the Fettiplaces, a respectable Berkshire family, one of whom +Besil Fettiplace, Esq., was High Sheriff in the 26th of Queen Elizabeth. +The manor of Besselsleigh was purchased of the Fettiplaces, by William +Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the Long Parliament, whose descendants now +reside at Burford, in Oxfordshire.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bethnal Green[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Popular</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Clapton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>62018</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Betley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Keel</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>870</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bettescombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Lyme Regis</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Axminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Charmouth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>65</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Bettesfield</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Betteshanger</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Deal</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>20</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Betton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Adderley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woore</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Betton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>159</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bis. Castle</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>389</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Carmarthen</td><td align='left'>Llandillo</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Camarthen</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>830</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Abergeley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aberconway</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'>912</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Pyle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>362</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Bala</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Corwen</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Llandrillo</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Careleon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>95</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lanthony</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Crickhowel</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Newtown</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llanfair</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Bettws Bleddrws[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Llandovery</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>235</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Bettws Clyro</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Glasbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Bettws Diserth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>New Radnor</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rhayader</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>141</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BETHNAL GREEN. There is a curious legend relating to this +place, of which Henry de Mountfort, son of the ambitious Earl of Liecester, +who was slain with his father at the memorable battle of Evesham, is the +hero. He is supposed to have been discovered among the bodies of the +dying and the dead (by a young lady) in an almost lifeless state, and deprived +of his sight by a wound which he had received during the engagement. +Under the fostering hand of this "faire damosel" he soon recovered, and +afterwards marrying her, she became the mother of the celebrated +"Besse," the heroine of the popular ballad of the beggar's daughter of +Bethnal-green, written in the reign of Elizabeth. Fearing least his rank + + +<span class="sidenote">The blind +beggar of +Bethnal-green.</span> + + +and title should be discovered by his enemies, he is said to have disguised +himself as a beggar, and taken up his residence at Bethnal-green. The +beauty of the daughter attracted many suitors, and she was at length +married to a noble knight, who, regardless of her supposed meanness and +poverty, had the courage to make her his wife: her other lovers having +deserted her on account of her low origin. At Bethnal-green is an old +mansion, which the inhabitants, with their usual love of traditionary lore, +assign as the palace of the blind beggar. The tradition, though with very +little grounds for its foundation, is still preserved on the sign posts of +several public houses in the neighbourhood. On the 19th September, 1826, +the parish officers of Bethnal-green waited on the Secretary of State for + + +<span class="sidenote">Gang of 500 +thieves, in +1826.</span> + + +the Home Department, and stated that a lawless gang, of 500 or more, +thieves infested that neighbourhood and committed the most dreadful +outrages nightly, upwards of fifty persons having been robbed and beaten +in the course of a week; the secretary ordered forty men mounted, to +patrole the parish, and aid the local authorities in bringing the offenders +to justice. The hospital called the Trinity House, founded in the year 1695, +for twenty-eight ancient seamen, who have been masters of ships, and their +widows, is in this parish. The funds arising from the ballast-offices, lighthouses, +buoys, beacons, &c. are appropriated by parliament to this corporation. +Each of the inmates receives 16s. a month, 20s. a year for coals, +and a new gown every second year. Many of the streets of this parish are +almost wholly occupied by the operative silk-weavers.</p> + + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[B] BETTWS-YN-RHOS. <i>Fairs</i>, February 20, May 8, August 15, and November 20.</p></div> + + +<p>[C] BETTWS BLEDDRWS. In this neighbourhood there exists a +curious custom relating to marriage, called a bidding, which takes place +about a week previous to the day of ceremony. The banns are published +as in England. A bidder goes from house to house, with a long pole and +ribbons flying at the end of it, and standing in the middle floor in each +house, he repeats a long lesson, with great formality. He mentions the +day of the wedding, the place, the preparations made, &c. The following +is a specimen:—Speech of the Bidder in 1762. "The intention of the +bidder is this; with kindness and amity, with decency and liberality for +Einion Owain, and Llio Elys, he invites you to come with your good will +on the plate; bring current money; a shilling, or two, or three, or four, +or five; with cheese and butter we invite the husband and wife, and +children, and men-servants, from the greatest to the least. Come there + + +<span class="sidenote">Curious +marriage +customs.</span> + + +early, you shall have victuals freely, and drink cheap, stools to sit on, +and fish if we can catch them; but if not, hold us excuseable; and they +will attend on you when you call in upon them in return. They set out +from such a place to such a place." The gwahodder, or bidder, has eight +or ten shillings for his trouble. Saturday is always fixed on as the day of +marriage, and Friday is allotted to bring home the furniture of the +woman, consisting generally of an oak chest, a feather bed, clothes, &c. +The man provides a bedstead, a table, a dresser and chairs. The evening +is moreover employed in receiving presents of money, cheese, and butter, at +the man's house, from his friends, and at the woman's house from her +friends. This is called purse and girdle, it is an ancient British custom. +All these presents are set down minutely on paper. If demanded, they +are to be repaid. On Saturday, the friends of the man come all on horseback, +from the number of eighty to a hundred, and have bread and cheese, +and ale at his cost, making at the same time their presents, or pay pwython, +i.e. the presents that have been made at their weddings. From ten to +twenty of the best mounted go to the intended bride's house to demand +her. The woman with her friends are expecting the summons, but she +appears very uncomplying, and much Welsh poetry is employed by way +of argument; one party being within the house, the other without, abusing +each other much. Several persons then deliver orations on horseback, +with their hats off, demanding the daughter from the father, who were +answered by persons appointed for the business. At length the father +appears, admitting and welcoming his guests. They alight, walk in, take +some refreshments, and proceed to church. The girl mounts behind her +father, mother, or friend, upon the swiftest horse that can be procured. +Her friends then pretend to run away with her, riding like mad folks, in +any direction. During this time, the girl has no pillion, sitting upon the +crupper, and holding by the man's coat, at last the horse is tired, or the +bride growing impatient consents to go, using only some feints to get out +of the road, till they arrive at the church. The ceremony being over, +they return to the married couple's house, eating at free cost, but finding +their own liquor. Sunday being come, the married pair stay at home receiving +good will and pwython. On Monday the drink is exhausted, and +the cheese, &c. is sold, frequently making, with the money presented, a +sum of £50 to £60. On the following Sunday, most of the company +attend the young pair to church, and the ceremony closes. Among the +eminent natives of this neighbourhood, was David ap Gwylim, of Bro +Ginin, whose works appeared in a large volume, in the year 1789. He + + +<span class="sidenote">A Welsh +poet.</span> + + +nourished from about the year 1330 to 1370. In early life he enjoyed the +munificent patronage of Ivor the generous, an ancestor of the Tredegar +family. Under the influence of a passion for the fair Morvudd he +composed 147 poems. Their loves were mutual, but her friends induced +her to accept a wealthy connection, named Rhys Gwrgan, an officer of the +English army, who served at the battle of Cressy, 1346; Dab Gwilym +persuaded Morvudd to escape with him, during the absence of her husband +in France; in consequent of which he was imprisoned, but liberated +through the influence of his friends. It is from the poems of this author, +that the modern literary dialect has chiefly been formed.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, August 17, and September 23 and 27.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + + +<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bettws Garmon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Carnarvon</td><td align='left'>Carnarvon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beddgelart</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llanberris</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'>128</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Corwen</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bala</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ruthin</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Bettws Jevan</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Llanarth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>236</td><td align='right'>386</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Bettws Lleuce</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>381</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bettws Newydd</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Usk</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>890</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bettws-Y-Coed[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Llanrwst</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Corwen</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>348</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Bevercoates</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ollerton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>51</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Beverege</td><td align='right'>isl</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Droitwich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beverley[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. & bo</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>8302</td></tr> +</table> + + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] BETTWS GWERFYL.—<i>Fairs</i>, March 16, June 22, August 12, September 16, and Dec. 12.</p></div> + + +<p>[B] BETTWS-Y-COED. At this village, which contains scarcely a +hundred houses, is the picturesque bridge of Pont-y-Pain, beneath which +is a famous salmon leap; and the road leads into the luxuriant vale +of Llanwrst, in the neighbourhood of which are many seats. The principal +of these is Gwydir House, an ancient mansion of the Wynnes; and + + +<span class="sidenote">Gwydir +House.</span> + + +now an occasional residence of Lord Gwydir. Two miles northward is +the village of Trefrew, remarkable chiefly for a saline spring, and the site +of a royal palace, built by Llewelyn. Between two mountains, near this +place are some capital mines, the produce of which are lead, calamine, +mixed with iron, ochre, and pyrites. Bettws-y-Coed lies on the mail-coach +road to Holyhead. From Cernioge Mawr, through this place to +Ogwen Lake, a broad smooth, and well protected road has been made +among the rocky precipices with which the mountainous country abounds. +The village church contains an ancient but very perfect tomb of Gryffyd, +grand nephew of Llewellyn, the last prince of Wales. This interesting +monument is concealed rather awkwardly beneath one of the benches.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, May 15, and December 3.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 6.30 afternoon; departs 6.0 morning.</p></div> + + + +<p>[C] BEVERLEY. This important market town lies at the foot of the +wolds, it was anciently called Dierwald: the wood of the Deiri; from +its extensive forest. Its present appellation may be a corruption of +Beaver ley; beavers having abounded in the neighbouring river, Hull. + + +<span class="sidenote">Its origin +and early +history.</span> + + +Its origin and early history were totally unknown, till the beginning of the +eighth century, when St. John of Beverley founded a church and monastery, +and died there. This institution was several times destroyed by the Danes; +and there is a pause in its history, till Athelstan granted to it many priviledges, +and built a new college. Many archbishops of York were benefactors +to the monastery, and expended large sums in beautifying the +church. In the early part of the civil war, Charles I. had his quarters here; +and subsequently the town was taken by the parliamentarians. It appears +that Beverley derived its first and greatest importance from its connexion +with the saint. In its present state, the town is extensive and pleasant. +The entrance from Driffield, through an ancient gateway into a spacious +street of elegant houses, is particularly beautiful. Its market-place also +being large and commodious, is a principal ornament. The church of +St. John, which is in excellent preservation, is a superb edifice, adorned +at its west end with two lofty steeples. Within it is rich in relics of +antiquity. Gisbon, describing it, says "the minster here is a very fair and +neat structure: the roof is an arch of stone. In it are several monuments +of the Earls of Northumberland, who have added a little chapel to the +choir; in the windows whereof are the pictures of several of that family, +drawn in the glass. At the upper end of the choir, on the right side of +the altar place, stands the freedstool, made of one entire stone, and said to +have been removed from Scotland; with a well of water behind it. At +the upper end of the body of the church, next the choir, hangs an +ancient tablet, with the pictures of St. John and king Athelstan, and this +distich:</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +'Als free make I thee,<br /> +As heart can wish, or egh can see.'" +</p> + +<p>Hence, adds our author, the burgesses of Beverley pay no toll or custom +in any port or town of England. The choir is paved with marble of four +colours. Over the altar is a magnificent wooden arch supported by eight +fluted Corinthian pillars. The east window now contains all the painted +glass which could be collected from the others. The screen, between the +choir and the nave, is Gothic, and is justly esteemed a principal ornament +of the edifice. At the lower end of the body of the church stands a large +font of agate stone. In 1664, a vault was discovered of free-stone, in +which was a sheet of lead, containing the relics of St. John, with an +inscription, dated 1197, which imported that, the church having been +destroyed by fire, the ashes had been for some time lost, but that at length +they had been found and there deposited. They were contained in a small + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient +superstitions.</span> + + +leaden box, and consisted of a few bones, six beads, some large nails, and +three brass pins. The whole was piously replaced, with an appropriate +inscription; and, in 1726, the spot was adorned with an arch of brick-work.—The +church of St. Mary is also a large and handsome structure; +and like the minster, was destroyed in 1528, by the fall of its steeple. It +contains some monuments and inscriptions; but none of note.—Beverley +is a corporate town, and is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and +thirteen of the principal burgesses. The whole number of these last is about +1200; and many persons are induced to purchase their freedom, by +the privileges and immunities which it confers: among these are extensive +rights of pasture on four commons, near the town; and, as we have +observed, liberation from all tolls throughout the kingdom. Besides its +churches, Beverley has the following public edifices and charitable institutions: +the Hallgarth, a beautiful and spacious hall, in which are +held the sessions, and a register-office for deeds and wills; an elegant +market cross, supported by eight columns; each one entire piece of free-stone; +a common gaol, which was rebuilt thirty-five years since, with + + +<span class="sidenote">Public edifices.</span> + + +due attention to the suitable accommodation of its inmates; seven alms-houses +with funds, for the erection of two more; a work-house, which +cost £700; and finally, an excellent free-school, to the scholars of which +are appropriated two fellowships at St. John's Cambridge, six scholarships, +and three exhibitions. The trade of Beverley arises chiefly from the +making of malt, oat-meal, and leather: formerly it was somewhat celebrated +for clothing. The vicinity of the town, particularly towards the +west, is rather pleasing; and commands several interesting prospects. +At the distance of three miles, is the moated site of Lekingfield House, +which was demolished, probably, about the end of the sixteenth century. +The barbarous custom of baiting a bull on the day of the mayor being +sworn into office, to the disgrace of the town, still continues. In the +Grammar school were educated Bishops Allcock, Fisher, and Green; and +here was painted as early as 1509, the figure of a man on horseback, by +'Hugh Goes.' Beverley is remarkable as being the birth-place of the following +eminent persons, viz.: Aluridus, an ancient historian, who died in 1129. +Dr. John Allcock, the founder of Jesus College, Oxford, who was the most +celebrated divine, scholar, and architect of his time. In 1470, he was + + +<span class="sidenote">Dr. John +Allcock born here.</span> + + +made a privy counsellor and embassador to the King of Castile. He was +successively Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, Lord High Chancellor +of England, and lord President of Wales. In his capacity of an +architect, few, if any, ever excelled him, and his correct judgment in this +science procured him the appointment of Comptroller of the Royal Works. +He founded the Grammar School of Kingston upon Hull, and built a chapel, +on the south side of the church, where his parents were buried. The +beautiful hall of the episcopal palace of Ely was erected from his design +and at his expense. He very elegantly enlarged the parish church of +Westbury, and built that sumptuous and beautiful chapel in the Presbytery +of Ely Cathedral, where he was buried, and which remains at the present +day, a monument of his correct judgment; but all these fall into shadow, +when compared with that gorgeous and exquisite mass of enrichment, +Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Westminster; of which, if he was not the +immediate designer, he was at least the able manager and superintendant +of its erection—a monument of pious munificence that will be endeared to +every lover of art, when the living temple of its projector is forgotten. +He died at his castle of Wisbeach, October 1, 1500.—John Fisher, Bishop + + +<span class="sidenote">Bishop +Fisher born +here.</span> + + +of Rochester, was born here in 1459. His father was so eminent a +scholar and divine, that Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of +Henry VII., although unknown to him, sent for him, and appointed him +her domestic chaplain; and to his councils posterity are mainly indebted +for those magnificent foundations, St. John's and Christ's College at +Cambridge. This amiable bishop, with all his virtues, could not preserve +himself from the malignity of "the worst of England's monarchs"—Henry +VIII.; and under the pretence of being inimical to the marriage of +the king with Ann Bolyen, he was thrown into prison, and most barbarously +treated; here he continued for nearly a year, and might have been +left to die of ill treatment and old age, had it not been for the unseasonable +mark of respect paid him by Pope Paul III., who created him, +May 15, 1535, Cardinal Priest of St. Vitalis. Henry forbade the hat to +be brought into England, and sent Lord Cromwell to examine the Bishop +about the affair. "My Lord of Rochester," (says Cromwell) "what +would you say if the Pope should send you a Cardinal's hat," upon which +the Bishop replied, "Sir, I know myself to be so far unworthy of such +dignity that I think of nothing less; but if any thing should happen +assure yourself that I should improve that favour to the best advantage +that I could, by assisting the Holy Catholic Church of Christ, and in that +respect I would receive it upon my knees." When the answer was brought, +the king said in a great passion, "yea! is he yet so lusty—well, let +the Pope send him a hat when he will—mother of God! he shall wear it +on his shoulders then, for I will leave him never a head to set it on." +His ruin being now determined, but hardly daring to take his life upon +such trivial grounds, the king sent that most fawning and contemptible +creature, Sir Richard Rich, Solicitor-General, to draw from him something +that might convict him. This wiley wretch gradually drew from him a +private opinion concerning the king's supremacy, telling the Bishop at the +same time, that it was a scruple of the King's conscience that made him +ask for it. Thus entrapped he was not allowed to make a defence, but was +tried by a bill of attainder for high treason, and executed on the 22d of +the same month, and his head placed on London bridge. Thus perished +this good, but ill-fated prelate, in the 77th year of his age, which dreadful + + +<span class="sidenote">His head +placed on +London-bridge.</span> + + +tragedy, as Bishop Burnet observes, "Has left one of the greatest blots +upon this kingdom's proceedings."—The Rev. John Green was also a +native of this place, he was born in 1706, educated at the Grammar +School here, and finished his university education at St. John's College, +Cambridge, where he became master of arts; he afterwards engaged himself +as usher of a school at Litchfield, where he became acquainted with +Dr. Johnson, and Mr. Garrick. In 1730, he was elected a fellow of St. +John's College, and soon afterwards the Bishop procured for him the +vicarage of Hingeston. In 1744, Charles, Duke of Somerset, and Chancellor +of the University, made him his domestic chaplain. In June 1750, he +was elected master of Bennet College, and in 1756, Dean of Lincoln, then +Vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge; and at last, through the +influence of his patron, the Duke of Newcastle, preferred to the See of +Lincoln. He was the friend and colleague of Archbishop Secker, who had +always a just esteem for his virtues and abilities. After the death of +Lord Willoughby, of Parham, in 1765, the literary meetings of the +Royal Society used to be held in his lordship's house, as one of its most +accomplished members. In June 1761, he exerted his problematical +talents in two letters "On the Principles and Practice of the Methodists," +which he addressed to the Rev. Mr. Berridge and Mr. Whitfield; +and to the honour of this prelate be it spoken, that when the Bill +for the Relief of the Dissenters, was brought before the House of Lords, +in May 1772, and lost upon a division of 102 to 27, he was the only +member of the clerical brotherhood, who voted in its favour. He died +suddenly at Bath, April 25, 1779. This elegant scholar was one of the +writers of the celebrated "Athenian Letters," published by the Earl of +Hardwick, in 1798, 2 vols. 4to. Beverley returns two Members to Parliament. +The £10 householders are about 507. The returning officer is +the Mayor.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, Thursday before Old Valentine; Holy Thursday; +July 5; November 5, for horses and sheep; and every alternate Wednesday for horned +cattle.—<i>Bankers</i>, Machell and Co.; draw on Glyn and Co.; Bower and Co., draw on +Curries and Co.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.45 morning; departs 6.0 afternoon.—<i>Inn</i>, Tiger.</p></div> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beverley Park</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Beverstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>M. Hampton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dursley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>174</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bevington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bitford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bevington Wood</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bewaldeth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Cockermouth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Keswick</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wighton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>299</td><td align='right'>172</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bewcastle[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>1336</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BEWCASTLE is supposed to have been a Roman station, and +garrisoned by part of the Legio Secunda Augusta, as a security to the +workmen who were employed in erecting the famous wall, it is situated in +the midst of a wild and unfrequented district, in the Ward of Eskdale. +Some vestiges of ancient buildings still remain, and numerous Roman +coins and inscriptions have been discovered here. The present name of +the village is reported to have been derived from Bueth, who was Lord of the +Manor at the time of the Conquest, and is said to have repaired a Roman +castle here, and called it after his own name. The castle was of a square +form, each front about twenty-nine yards in length: it is now in ruins: +the south side, of which there are most remains, is nearly fourteen yards +high. This structure was destroyed by the parliamentary forces in the year +1641. It seems to have been a dark gloomy fortress. Gils Bueth, the +son of Bueth, mentioned above, was treacherously killed by Robert De +Vallibus, at a meeting which had been held for friendly purposes. His +possessions then fell to the crown, and were bestowed by Henry II. +on the last Hubert de Vallibus, whose daughter conveyed them to the +family of the Multons by marriage. The estates afterwards passed through +several hands. Bewcastle in the fifth of Charles I. was granted to +Sir Robert Graham, in whose family it remains. Upon one occasion the +captain of Bewcastle is said to have made an incursion into Scotland, in +which he was defeated and forced to fly. Watt Tinlinn, a celebrated +retainer of the Buccleuch family, who held for his border service a small +tower on the frontiers of Liddisdale, pursued him. Watt Tinlinn was, by + + +<span class="sidenote">Anecdote of +Watt Tinlinn.</span> + + +profession, a cobbler, but by inclination and practice an archer, and +warrior. He closely followed the fugitive through a dangerous morass: +the captain, however, gained the firm ground; and seeing Tinlinn dismounted, +and floundering in the bog, used these words of insult: "Sutor +Watt, ye cannot sew your boots: the heels <i>risp</i>, and the seams <i>rive</i>." +"If I cannot sew," retorted Tinlinn, discharging a shaft, which nailed the +captain's thigh to his saddle. "If I cannot sew, I can yerk." Bewcastle +Church is a small edifice, standing on a rising ground near the castle, a +fosse surrounding them both. In the churchyard is a celebrated obelisk, +which has for many years attracted the attention of the curious. Its +height is fourteen feet, two inches: its breadth, on the bottom of the +broadest side, is one foot ten: on the top was originally a cross, which is +supposed to have been abolished in some ebullition of popular enthusiasm. +Various sculptured ornaments appear on its different sides, executed with +much fancy, together with an illegible Roman inscription, and some +human figures. On the wastes of Bewcastle parish, several thousands of +sheep and black cattle are annually fed. The inhabitants of the parish +live chiefly in single and scattered houses; their religious opinions are +mostly conformable to the doctrines of the church of England; but about +thirty years ago a meeting house was built for a small congregation of +Presbyterians. In this parish, a fine is paid of four years, ancient rent, on + + +<span class="sidenote">Ancient fine</span> + + +change of the Lord of the Manor by death: or of the tenants either by death +or alienation: besides various customary works and carriages; and for a +heriot, the best beast of which the tenant may die possessed, except the +riding-horse kept for the lord's service. Bewcastle parish has two schools +supported by subscription, the masters of which have a salary of about +ten pounds a year, and the privilege of a whittle-gate. The custom of +whittle-gate was formerly much observed in this and the neighbouring +counties: it consists in the master going to all the abodes of his scholars +in rotation, and being supplied with victuals by the parents or friends.</p> + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bewdley[A]</td><td align='right'>bo. & m.t.</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Kiddermin</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>129</td><td align='right'>3908</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bewerley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Boro'bridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tanfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>1310</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bewick, New</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>312</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bewick, Old</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>313</td><td align='right'>227</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bewholm</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Bexhill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Hastings</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Battle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Pevensey</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>1931</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bexington, West</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abbotsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p>[A] BEWDLEY is seated on the Severn, in the centre of a populous manufacturing +district; it was, in the reign of Edward I., a manor of the Beauchamps, +and received from Edward IV. its charter of incorporation. Leland's +description of the town, and his opinion of its origin, possess some + + +<span class="sidenote">Leland's description +of the town.</span> + + +beauties, and great exactness.—"The towne selfe of Beaudley is sett on +the syde of a hill; soe comely a man cannot wish to see a towne better. +It riseth from Severne banke by east, upon the hill, by west; soe that a +man standing on the hill <i>trans pontem</i> by east, may discerne almost every +house in the towne, and at the risinge of the sunne from the east, the +whole towne glittereth (being all of a new building), as it were of gould. +By the distance of the parish church (at Ribbesford), I gather that +Beaudley is a very new towne, and that of ould time there was but some +poore hamlett, and that upon the building of a bridge there upon Severne, +and resort of people unto it, and commodity of the pleasant site, men +began to inhabit there; and because the plott of it seemed fayre to the +lookers, it hath a French name, Beaudley." The figure of the town is +that of the letter Y: the foot extending to the river; one of the horns, towards +Ribbesford, the other into the forest. The bridge, viewed from +the loaded wharfs, appears a handsome modern structure, possessing a +lightness of feature, superior even to that of the bridge at Worcester. +The church, situated at the junction of the three principal streets, is +accounted a chapel of ease to the mother church of Ribbesford; and was +rebuilt in its present neat, yet embellished style, about 1748. Here are +also appropriate places of public worship for the numerous dissenters; +several institutions for carrying on the useful work of education, mostly +supported by voluntary contributions, and a number of alms-houses for the +poor and aged. The town-hall is a handsome modern building of stone, +with three arches in front, six square pilasters, and a pediment, surmounted +by the Littelton arms, and a double row of arcades. The trade +of Bewdley is considerable, and the inhabitants boast, with reason, that +their trows and their crews are the best on the river. Among the sources +of this profitable commerce, are numerous tan-yards; manufactures of a +kind of cap, much worn before the introduction of felt hats, comb-making, +and other works in horn, and a manufacture of flannel; while +the town is a sort of mart for the wholesale grocery trade. The charter +of incorporation of Bewdley has been subject to some extraordinary +changes: the original deed, renewed by James I. was surrendered to +Charles II., and replaced by another from his successor, which last, on +the accession of Anne, was declared illegal, and became the cause of a +contention, which produced a long and expensive law-suit, ended by the + + +<span class="sidenote">The charter +disputed.</span> + + +confirmation of the original charter. By virtue of this, the corporation of +Bewdley consists of a bailiff, a recorder, a high steward, and twelve +capital burgesses, who depute one member to parliament, the bailiff being +the returning officer. The borough comprises the parish of Ribbesford +and the hamlets of Ribbenhall, Hoarstone, Blackstone, Netherton, Lower +Milton, and Lickhill; the number of burgesses are 42, and £10. householders +about 484. Lord Lyttelton is lord of the manor, high steward, and +recorder. A few years since, Dr. James Johnstone, of Worcester, made +an important discovery in this neighbourhood, of a mineral spring, whose +qualities, after an attentive analysis, he declared to resemble those of the +Harrowgate and Moffat waters. The most celebrated natives of this place +were John Tombes, born in 1612, a subtle disputant, and a learned man, +but a changeling sectary; and Richard Willis, who was the son of a capper, +and became remarkable for his extemporaneous preaching; the latter +was made chaplain to King William, and promoted to the see of Winchester, +in 1714. Near a pleasant hamlet on the side of the river opposite +to Bewdley, is Spring Grove, a large white building surrounded by a + + +<span class="sidenote">Spring +Grove.</span> + + +park, late the seat of S. Skey, Esq. to whom the country is indebted for +the introduction of a breed of mules, both handsome and useful. On a +hill, half a mile from Bewdley, and on the eastern bank of the Severn, is +the elegant villa called Winterdyne. This agreeable retreat, plain in its +appearance, yet commodious, is seated on a high and romantic cliff, embowdered +in deep tufted slides, and surrounded by ornamented walks, +which are diversified with Gothic turrets, seats, and hermitages. Advancing +on the river, Blackstone rocks meet the eye; a bold range of +dusky cliffs feathered to the top, and made romantic by the formation of a +cell or hermitage, heretofore the abode of some holy man, but now a repository +for the potatoes, cheese, and farming implements of a neighbouring +agriculturist.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.—<i>Fairs</i>, April 23, July 26, and December 11, for cattle, horses, cheese, +and linen and woollen cloth.—<i>Bankers</i>, Skey, Son, and Co.; draw on Lubbock and Co.; +and Pardoe and Co.; draw on Hoare and Co.—<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.27 afternoon; departs 1.30 +afternoon.</p></div> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bexley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Dartford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Eltham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>3206</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bexton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>76</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bexwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Downham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Stoke Ferry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>53</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bibrook</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Kennington</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BEXLEY was given by King Cenulph to the see of Canterbury. Edward +II. granted a weekly market to be held here, but this has long been +disused. Archbishop Cranmer alienated Bexley to Henry VIII. James I. +granted it to Sir John Spilman, who afterwards sold it to the celebrated +Camden, who made over his right to the University of Oxford, for the +purpose of founding an historical professorship; but covenanted that all + + +<span class="sidenote">One of +Camden's +manors.</span> + + +the revenues of the manor should be enjoyed for 99 years from his own +death, by Mr. William Heather, his heirs and successors, subject to the +payment of £140. annually. The University have since granted leases +from time to time, for 21 years, to the Leighs, of Hawley. The church, a +peculiar of the Archbishops of Canterbury, has a shingled tower and +small octangular spire. On the south side of the chancel is an ancient +confessional, consisting of three divisions of pointed arches, and a recess +for holy water; on the north side are seven ancient stalls of oak with +carved heads, and other figures. Here are several curious old monuments +High-street House, which adjoins the churchyard, was rebuilt in 1701 +by the late learned antiquary, John Thorpe, Esq., F.S.A., author of the +"Customale Roffense," who purchased this estate of the Austens, of Hall +Place, in 1750. On his death, his possessions devolved to his two +daughters, by Catharine, daughter of Dr. Lawrence Holker, of Gravesend: +High-street House, was allotted to the youngest, married to Cuthbert +Potts, Esq. This gentleman became owner also, in right of his wife, of a +contiguous villa, called Bourne Place, which was built about fifty years +ago, by Lawrence Holker, Esq. son of Dr. Holker. Hall Place, formerly +the seat of a family surnamed At-Hall, is an ancient and spacious edifice, +now occupied as a boarding-school. On August 12, 1822, Robert, Marquis +of Londonderry, sinking under the weight of a very heavy session of + + +<span class="sidenote">Death of +Lord Londonderry.</span> + + +Parliament, died by his own hand. Symptoms of mental aberration had +been observed in his Lordship by the Duke of Wellington, who had +required Dr. Blankhead to visit him; his Lordship severed the carotid +artery with a knife, and died almost instantly. He was an able diplomatic +character, and an acute and efficient Parliamentary leader—he was, in the +53d year of his age: on the 20th of the same month his remains were +deposited in Westminster Abbey. The Right Honourable Nicholas Vansittart +was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and raised to +the Peerage by the title of Baron Bexley, of Bexley, in Kent, on the 31st +January, 1833.</p> + + +<table summary="table" rules='cols' +cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'> +<tr> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td> +<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td> +<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td> +<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td> + +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td> +<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td> +</tr> + + + +<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bibury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>950</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bicester[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.& pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>2868</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bickenhall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Langford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bickenhill, Church </td><td align='right'>pa </td><td align='left'>Warwick </td><td align='left'>Coleshill </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Birmingham </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Solihull </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>101 </td><td align='right'> 725</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bickenhill, Hill</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Meriden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'></td></tr> +</table> + + +<p>[A] BIBURY. In the eighth century this little village belonged to the See of +Worcester: in the twelfth century it was given, with certain restrictions, to +the Abbey of Oseney, in Oxfordshire; and, in 1547, it was finally alienated +from the See of Worcester, to the Earl of Warwick, from whom the manor +has passed through various families to Estcourt Cresswell, Esq. Bibury +is a peculiar, possessing jurisdiction over Aldsworth, Barnsley, and Winson; +the Lord of the Manor, however, claims a prescriptive right of +appointing his own official and chancellor, who hath the recording of +wills, and the granting of licenses within the peculiar: nor doth the Lord +of the Manor allow to the Bishop the right of visitation. The Church is +supposed to have been rebuilt by the monks of Oseney. The architecture +of the north and south doors is in the early Norman style. On the north +wall was a colossal painting, in fresco, of St. Christopher, the sight of +whose image, according to the monkish legends, had sufficient efficacy to + + +<span class="sidenote">Monkish +legends.</span> + +preserve the spectator from sudden or violent death: the painting is now +obliterated. Several monuments and inscriptions to the memory of the +Coxwalls, and other families, are in the edifice. The mansion was built in +the reign of James II., by Sir Thomas Sackville, of the family of the Earls +of Dorset. From its situation on an easy eminence, it commands a fine +view of the river Colne, backed by an amphitheatre of low wood, of the +most variegated foliage, clothing the acclivities of the hills, and rendered +more beautiful from the contrast afforded by the barren downs which +appear in the distance.</p> + + + + +<p>[B] BICESTER lies in a flat situation near the eastern border of the +county. The parish is divided into two districts, termed King's End and +Market End. The church is a large and respectable edifice. There is no +peculiar manufacture: but the town derives great benefit from its market and cattle fairs.</p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England +and Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOUSITIES OF GREAT *** + +***** This file should be named 37519-h.htm or 37519-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/5/1/37519/ + +Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Graeme Mackreth and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net +(This file was produced from images generously made +available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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